 | Yasnaya Polyana School — NotesBy Leo Tolstoy (1862) |
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| Yasnaya Polyana School — NotesBy Leo Tolstoy (1862) |
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Father of Christian Anarchism
: In 1861, during the second of his European tours, Tolstoy met with Proudhon, with whom he exchanged ideas. Inspired by the encounter, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana to found thirteen schools that were the first attempt to implement a practical model of libertarian education. (From: Anarchy Archives.)
• "Only by recognizing the land as just such an article of common possession as the sun and air will you be able, without bias and justly, to establish the ownership of land among all men, according to any of the existing projects or according to some new project composed or chosen by you in common." (From: "To the Working People," by Leo Tolstoy, Yasnaya P....)
• "It is necessary that men should understand things as they are, should call them by their right names, and should know that an army is an instrument for killing, and that the enrollment and management of an army -- the very things which Kings, Emperors, and Presidents occupy themselves with so self-confidently -- is a preparation for murder." (From: "'Thou Shalt Not Kill'," by Leo Tolstoy, August 8,....)
• "...for no social system can be durable or stable, under which the majority does not enjoy equal rights but is kept in a servile position, and is bound by exceptional laws. Only when the laboring majority have the same rights as other citizens, and are freed from shameful disabilities, is a firm order of society possible." (From: "To the Czar and His Assistants," by Leo Tolstoy, ....)
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Notes
[1] Dvorovaya dyevka, the daughter of a serf attached to the bar sky dvor, or mansion-house.
[2] Alekse'i Vasiiyevitch Koltsof (1809-1842), a distinguished poet, by some called the Burns of Russia.
[3] The ponomar, or paramonar, a word derived from modern Greek, airl signifying doorkeeper, sacristan.
[4] One of the domestic servants, formerly serfs, like the little girl mentioned.
[5] Dvorovui, or domestic servant.
[6] Dvornik, generally one who serves in a dvor; also house-porter. Here, one who occupies a dvor, including house and land.
[7] Little Olga.
[8] The fantastic story of a beautiful and wealthy maiden who is in reality a witch, and causes the destruction of the groom who falls in love with her.
[9] Diminutive of Feodor, Theodore; as Semka is of Semyon.
[10] Fifty sazhen.
[11] Contemptuous diminutive of Gavriil, Gabriel.
[12] Batya, shortened form of batenka, little father.
[13] Pra-a-a-shchalte.
[14] Proshchai, a more familiar form than proshchaite. 8 Prozhzhonnui yeruiga, a "burnt-out debauchee."
[15] Dvorniki.
[16] Batya, familiar for batenka, diminutive of atyets, father.
[17] Babushki.
[18] Dyadenka, little uncle.
[19] Gneditch's.
[20] Builinas.
[21] Dumplings, a Malo-Russian dish.
[22] Diminutives of Marfa (Martha) and Olga. 2 Diminutive of Praskovya.
[23] In Russian an unaccented o is pronounced like a.
[24] In the Russian construction builo is impersonal.
[25] "It opened," as of a door.
[26] The concrete examples given by Count Tolstoy would be meaningless in English.
[27] PosJili, shli, shli, nasihishka nashli.
[28] Zdravstvulte gospoda: literally, "gentlemen"; but a peasant always addresses or speaks of a superior as "they."
[29] Kalatchi, small loaves of white bread; kalatchi is one of the few Tartar words that have survived in Russian.
[30] Batya, papa; bat\ pa. Below, when speaking about the church, he calls his father batyushka, which is also the respectful address to a priest.
[31] About nine and a quarter miles. He says: Yekhali, yekkali, proyekhali.
[32] Kalatchi.
[33] A ten-kopeck piece.
[34] From Grisha, diminutive of Grigori, Gregory.
[35] From the copy-book of I. F.
[36] In Russian, Revekka, Isaf, and lakof.
[37] Na batyushka.
[38] From the book of the eight-year-old boy F .
[39] Russian, Rubim. 2 Potiphar.
[40] From the note -book of the lad I. M.
[41] The historic druzhina, from drug, a friend.
[42] A pud is 36.11 pounds avoirdupois; a grivna is ten kopecks, the tenth of a ruble.
[43] 1378 A.D., when Dmitri, Grand Prince of Moscow, conquered the Tartars and expelled them from Northern Europe.
[44] 1612, the accession of Mikhail Romanof under the patriotic lead of the butcher Minin and the Prince Pozharsky after the terrible anarchy that followed the death of the Polish pretender; 1812, the conquest of Napoleon and the French by the Russian national hero Moroz, "Frost"
[45] 1862.
[46] Russia is divided into guberniya (governments), which are subdivided into districts, somewhat like states and counties.
[47] In Russian the same word zemlya (as in Novaya Zemlya) means estate, land or country, and the earth.
[48] Koziuki means with us the class of the meshchanin, or burgess. AUTHOR'S NOTE.
[49] Tula is one of the centers of the samovar manufacture.
[50] Nek/iris ti.
[51] Sie haben ganz Russisch erz'dhlt.
[52] Sie haben nichts gesagt -von den Deutschen Freiheitskampfen.
[53] Lirizm.
[54] We beg leave to call the reader's attention to this ugly picture, so remarkable by reason of its strength of religious and poetic feeling; it bears the same relation to contemporaneous Russian painting as the art of Fra Beato Angelico bears to the art of the successors of the school of Michelangelo. AUTHOR'S NOTE.
[55] As beneath an apple tree.
[56] The Lord have mercy.
[57] Emile Joseph Maurice Cheve, 1804-1864.
[58] Krikun, from krik, a clamor.
[59] Glory to the Father.
[60] Kroshka, crumb; Kiryushka is the diminutive of Kirill.
[61] Johann Friedrich Franz Burgmuller, 1806-1874.
From : Wikisource.org
Father of Christian Anarchism
: In 1861, during the second of his European tours, Tolstoy met with Proudhon, with whom he exchanged ideas. Inspired by the encounter, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana to found thirteen schools that were the first attempt to implement a practical model of libertarian education. (From: Anarchy Archives.)
• "...for no social system can be durable or stable, under which the majority does not enjoy equal rights but is kept in a servile position, and is bound by exceptional laws. Only when the laboring majority have the same rights as other citizens, and are freed from shameful disabilities, is a firm order of society possible." (From: "To the Czar and His Assistants," by Leo Tolstoy, ....)
• "Only by recognizing the land as just such an article of common possession as the sun and air will you be able, without bias and justly, to establish the ownership of land among all men, according to any of the existing projects or according to some new project composed or chosen by you in common." (From: "To the Working People," by Leo Tolstoy, Yasnaya P....)
• "It is necessary that men should understand things as they are, should call them by their right names, and should know that an army is an instrument for killing, and that the enrollment and management of an army -- the very things which Kings, Emperors, and Presidents occupy themselves with so self-confidently -- is a preparation for murder." (From: "'Thou Shalt Not Kill'," by Leo Tolstoy, August 8,....)
Nathan Haskell Dole (August 31, 1852 – May 9, 1935) was an American editor, translator, and author. He attended Phillips Academy, Andover, and graduated from Harvard University in 1874. He was a writer and journalist in Philadelphia, New York, and Boston. He translated many works of Leo Tolstoy, and books of other Russians; novels of the Spaniard Armando Palacio Valdés (1886–90); a variety of works from the French and Italian. Nathan Haskell Dole was born August 31, 1852, in Chelsea, Massachusetts. He was the second son of his father Reverend Nathan Dole (1811–1855) and mother Caroline (Fletcher) Dole. Dole grew up in the Fletcher homestead, a strict Puritan home, in Norridgewock, Maine, where his grandmother lived and where his mother moved with her two boys after his father died of tuberculosis. Sophie May wrote her Prudy Books in Norridgewock, which probably showed the sort of life Nathan and his older brother Charles Fletcher Dole (1845... (From: Wikipedia.org.)
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