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Father of Christian Anarchism
: In 1861, during the second of his European tours, Tolstoy met with Proudhon, with whom he exchanged ideas. Inspired by the encounter, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana to found thirteen schools that were the first attempt to implement a practical model of libertarian education. (From: Anarchy Archives.)
• "It usually happens that when an idea which has been useful and even necessary in the past becomes superfluous, that idea, after a more or less prolonged struggle, yields its place to a new idea which was till then an ideal, but which thus becomes a present idea." (From: "Patriotism and Government," by Leo Tolstoy, May 1....)
• "If, in former times, Governments were necessary to defend their people from other people's attacks, now, on the contrary, Governments artificially disturb the peace that exists between the nations, and provoke enmity among them." (From: "Patriotism and Government," by Leo Tolstoy, May 1....)
• "...the dissemination of the truth in a society based on coercion was always hindered in one and the same manner, namely, those in power, feeling that the recognition of this truth would undermine their position, consciously or sometimes unconsciously perverted it by explanations and additions quite foreign to it, and also opposed it by open violence." (From: "A Letter to a Hindu: The Subjection of India- Its....)
Act 1, Scene 5
Private room in a cheap restaurant. FÉDYA is shown in by a shabby waiter.
Waiter. This way, sir. No one will disturb you here. Here’s the writing paper.
[Starts to exit.
Fédya (as waiter starts to exit). Bring me a bottle of champagne.
Waiter. Yes, sir.
[Exits R. C.
[FÉDYA sits at table L. C., and begins to write. IVÁN PETROVICH appearing in the doorway R. C.
Iván. I’ll come in, shall I?
Fédya (sitting L. of table L. C. Very serious). If you want to, but I’m awfully busy, and—(seeing he has already entered) Oh, all right, do come in.
Iván Petrovich (C.). You’re going to write an answer to their demand. I’ll help you. I’ll tell you what to say Speak out. Say what you mean. It’s straight from the shoulder. That’s my system. (Picks up box that FÉDYA has placed on table—opens it and takes out a revolver.) Halloo! What’s this? Going to shoot yourself. Of course, why not? I understand. They want to humiliate you, and you show them where the courage is—put a bullet through your head and heap coals of fire on theirs. I understand perfectly. (The waiter enters with champagne on tray, pours a glass for FÉDYA, then exits. PETROVICH takes up the glass of wine and starts to drink. FÉDYA looks up from his writing.) I understand everything and everybody, because I’m a genius.
Fédya. So you are, but——
Iván Petrovich (filling and lifting his glass). Here’s to your immortal journey. May it be swift and pleasant. Oh, I see it from your point of view. So why should I stop you? Life and death are the same to genius. I’m dead during life and I live after death. You kill yourself in order to make a few people miss you, but I—but I—am going to kill myself to make the whole world know what it lost. I won’t hesitate or think about it. I’ll just take the revolver—one, two—and all is over—um. But I am premature. My hour is not yet struck. (He puts the revolver down.) But I shall write nothing. The world will have to understand all by itself. (FÉDYA continues to write.) The world, what is it but a mass of preposterous creatures, who crawl around through life, understanding nothing— nothing at all—do you hear me? (FÉDYA looks up, rather exasperated.) Oh, I’m not talking to you. All this is between me and the cosmos. (Pours himself out another drink.) After all, what does humanity most lack? Appreciation for its geniuses. As it is, we’re persecuted, tortured, racked, through a lifetime of perpetual agony, into the asylum or the grave. But no longer will I be their bauble. Humanity, hypocrite that you are—to hell with you.
[Drinks wine.
Fédya (having finished his letter). Oh, go away, please.
Iván Petrovich. Away? (With a gesture.) Away? Me? (With profound resolve.) So be it. (He leans over the table, faces FÉDYA.) I shall away. I’ll not deter you from accomplishing what I also shall commit—all in its proper moment, however. Only I should like to say this——
Fédya. Later. Later. But now, listen, old man, give this to the head waiter. (Handing him some money.) You understand?
Iván Petrovich. Yes, but for God’s sake wait for me to come back. (Moves away.) I’ve something rare to tell you, something you’ll never hear in the next world—at least not till I get there—— Look here, shall I give him all this money?
Fédya. No, just what I owe him.
[Exit IVÁN PETROVICH, whistling. FÉDYA sighs with a sense of relief, takes the revolver, cocks it, stands at mirror on wall up R., and puts it close to his temple. Then shivers, and lets his hand drop.
I can’t do it. I can’t do it.
[Pause. MASHA is heard singing. MASHA bursts into the room.
Masha (breathless). I’ve been everywhere looking for you. To Popov’s, Afrémov’s, then I guessed you’d be here. (Crosses to him. Sees revolver, turns, faces him quickly, concealing it with her body, stands very tense and taut, looking at him.) Oh, you fool! You hideous fool! Did you think you’d——
Fédya (still completely unnerved). Awful! It’s been awful! I tried—— (With a gesture of despair.) I couldn’t——
[Crosses to table L. C.—leans against it.
Masha (puts her hand to her face as if terribly hurt). As if I didn’t exist. (Crosses over to table L. C., puts down revolver.) As if I weren’t in your life at all. Oh, how godless you are! (Brokenly.) Tell me, tell me, what about all my love for you?
Fédya (as if suddenly aware of a great fatigue). I wanted to set them free. I promised to—and when the time came I couldn’t.
Masha. And what about me? What about me?
Fédya. I thought you’d be free, too. Surely my torturing you can’t make you happy.
Masha. Oh, I can look out for myself. Maybe I’d rather be unhappy, miserable, wretched with you every minute than even think of living without you.
Fédya (up R.—half to himself). If I’d finished just now, you would have cried bitterly perhaps, my Masha, but you would have lived past it.
Masha. Oh, damn you, don’t be so sure I’d cry at all. Can’t you even be sorry for me?
[She tries to conceal her tears.
Fédya. Oh God, I only wanted to make everybody happier.
Masha. Yourself happier, you mean.
Fédya (smiling). Would I have been happier to be dead now?
Masha (sulkily). I suppose you would. (Suddenly in a tender voice, crossing to him.) But, Fédya, do you know what you want? Tell me, what do you want?
Fédya (R). I want so many things.
Masha (impatiently and clinging to him). But what? What?
Fédya. First of all, I want to set them free. How can I lie? How can I crawl through the muck and filth of a divorce? I can’t. (Moves to end of table and stands there facing front.) But I must set them free somehow. They’re such good people, my wife and Victor. I can’t bear having them suffer.
Masha (R. of table L. C.-scornfully). Where’s the good in her if she left you?
Fédya. She didn’t. I left her.
Masha. She made you think she’d be happier without you. But go on—— (Impatiently.) Blame yourself, what else.
Fédya. There’s you, Masha. Young, lovely, awfully dear to me. If I stay alive, ah, where will you be?
Masha. Don’t bother about me. You can’t hurt me.
Fédya (sighing). But the big reason, the biggest reason of all, is myself. I’m just lost. Your father is right, my dear. I’m no good.
Masha (crossing to him, at once tenderly and savagely). I won’t unfasten myself from you. I’ll stick to you, no matter where you take me, no matter what you do. You’re alive, terribly alive, and I love you. Fédya, drop all this horror.
Fédya. How can I?
Masha (trying to project the very essence of her vitality into him). Oh, you can, you can.
Fédya (slowly). When I look at you, I feel as though I could do anything.
Masha (proudly, fondly). My love, my love. You can do anything, get anywhere you want to. (FÉDYA moves away impatiently up R. She sees letter.) So you have been writing to them—to tell them you’ll kill yourself. You just told them you’d kill yourself, is that it? But you didn’t say anything about a revolver. Oh, Fédya, let me think, there must be some way. Fédya—listen to me. Do you remember the day we all went to the picnic to the White Lakes with Mama and Afrémov and the young Cossack officer? And you buried the bottles of wine in the sand to keep them cool while we went in bathing? Do you remember how you took my hands and drew me out beyond the waves till the water was quite silent and flashing almost up to our throats, and then suddenly it seemed as if there were nothing under our feet? We tried to get back. We couldn’t and you shouted out, “Afrémov,” and if he hadn’t been almost beside us and pulled us in—and how cross he was with you for forgetting that you couldn’t swim, and after, how wonderful it was to stretch out safely on the sands in the sunlight. Oh, how nice every one was to us that day and you kept on being so sorry for forgetting you couldn’t swim! And, Fédya, don’t you see? Of course, she must know you can’t swim. Oh, it’s all getting as clear as daylight. You will send her this beautiful letter. Your clothes will be found on the river bank—but instead of being in the river you will be far away with me—Fédya, don’t you see, don’t you see? You will be dead to her, but alive for me. (Embraces FÉDYA.)
[The lights down and out.
CURTAIN
(Source: 1918 translation by Arthur Hopkins for the production at Plymouth Theatre, New York.)
From : TheAnarchistLibrary.org
Father of Christian Anarchism
: In 1861, during the second of his European tours, Tolstoy met with Proudhon, with whom he exchanged ideas. Inspired by the encounter, Tolstoy returned to Yasnaya Polyana to found thirteen schools that were the first attempt to implement a practical model of libertarian education. (From: Anarchy Archives.)
• "There are people (we ourselves are such) who realize that our Government is very bad, and who struggle against it." (From: "A Letter to Russian Liberals," by Leo Tolstoy, Au....)
• "...for no social system can be durable or stable, under which the majority does not enjoy equal rights but is kept in a servile position, and is bound by exceptional laws. Only when the laboring majority have the same rights as other citizens, and are freed from shameful disabilities, is a firm order of society possible." (From: "To the Czar and His Assistants," by Leo Tolstoy, ....)
• "People who take part in Government, or work under its direction, may deceive themselves or their sympathizers by making a show of struggling; but those against whom they struggle (the Government) know quite well, by the strength of the resistance experienced, that these people are not really pulling, but are only pretending to." (From: "A Letter to Russian Liberals," by Leo Tolstoy, Au....)
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