 | Fields, Factories, and Workshops — Appendix F : Cotton Industry in GermanyBy Peter Kropotkin (1898) |
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| Fields, Factories, and Workshops — Appendix F : Cotton Industry in GermanyBy Peter Kropotkin (1898) |
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Russian Father of Anarcho-Communism
: As anarchism's most important philosophers he was in great demand as a writer and contributed to the journals edited by Benjamin Tucker (Liberty), Albert Parsons (Alarm) and Johann Most (Freiheit). Tucker praised Kropotkin's publication as "the most scholarly anarchist journal in existence." (From: Spartacus Educational Bio.)
• "...all that is necessary for production-- the land, the mines, the highways, machinery, food, shelter, education, knowledge--all have been seized by the few in the course of that long story of robbery, enforced migration and wars, of ignorance and oppression..." (From: "The Conquest of Bread," by Peter Kropotkin, 1906.)
• "The communes of the next revolution will proclaim and establish their independence by direct socialist revolutionary action, abolishing private property. When the revolutionary situation ripens, which may happen any day, and governments are swept away by the people, when the middle-class camp, which only exists by state protection, is thus thrown into disorder, the insurgent people will not wait until some new government decrees, in its marvelous wisdom, a few economic reforms." (From: "The Commune of Paris," by Peter Kropotkin, Freedo....)
• "To recognize all men as equal and to renounce government of man by man is another increase of individual liberty in a degree which no other form of association has ever admitted even as a dream." (From: "Communism and Anarchy," by Peter Kropotkin, 1901.)
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Appendix F
Photo by Mikael F,
CC BY-NC-ND License
| England. | Germany. | |
| Hours of labor | 9 hours | 12 hours |
| Average weekly earnings of the operatives | 16s. 3d. | 11s. 8d. |
| Yards woven per week per opera tive | 706 yards | 466 yards |
| Cost per yard of cotton | 0.275d. | 0.303d. |
But he remarked also that in all sorts of printed cottons, in which fancy, colors and invention play a predominant part, the advantages were entirely on the side of the smaller German factories.
In the spinning mills the advantages, on the contrary, continued to remain entirely on the side of England, the number of operatives per 1,000 spindles being in various countries as follows (p. 91, English edition):-
| Per 1,000 spindles. | |
| Bombay | 25 operatives. |
| Italy | 13 " |
| Alsace | 9.5 " |
| Mulhouse | 7.5 " |
| Germany, 1861 | 20 " |
| " 1882 | 8 to 9 " |
| England, 1837 | 7 " |
| " 1887 | 3 " |
Considerable improvements had taken place already in the ten years 1884-1894. "India shows us, since 1884, extraordinary developments," Schulze-Gaewernitz remarked, and "there is no doubt that Germany also has reduced the number of operatives per 1,000 spindles since the last Inquest." "From a great quantity of materials lying before me, I cull," he wrote, " the following, which, however, refers solely to leading and technicallay distinguished spinning mills :-
| Per 1,000 spindles. | |
| Switzerland | 6-2 operatives |
| Mulhouse | 5-8 " |
| Baden and Wurtemberg | 6-2 " |
| Bavaria | 6-8 " |
| Saxony (new and splendid mills) | 7-2 " |
| Vosges, France (old spinning mills) | 8-9 " |
| Russia | 16-6 " |
The average counts of yarn for all these were between twenties and thirties."
It is evident that considerable progress has been realized since Schulze-Gaewernitz wrote these lines. As an exporter of cotton yarn and cottons, Germany has made rapid strides. Thus, in 1903, she exported £1,625,000 worth of cotton yarn, and £15,080,000 worth of cottons. For 1910 the figures given by the Statistisches Jahrbuch for 1911 were already £2,740,000 and £18,255,000 respectively.
From : Anarchy Archives
Russian Father of Anarcho-Communism
: As anarchism's most important philosophers he was in great demand as a writer and contributed to the journals edited by Benjamin Tucker (Liberty), Albert Parsons (Alarm) and Johann Most (Freiheit). Tucker praised Kropotkin's publication as "the most scholarly anarchist journal in existence." (From: Spartacus Educational Bio.)
• "As to parliamentary rule, and representative government altogether... It is becoming evident that it is merely stupid to elect a few men, and to entrust them with the task of making laws on all possible subjects, of which subject most of them are utterly ignorant." (From: "Process Under Socialism," by Peter Kropotkin, 188....)
• "...the strength of Anarchy lies precisely in that it understands all human faculties and all passions, and ignores none..." (From: "The Conquest of Bread," by Peter Kropotkin, 1906.)
• "The communes of the next revolution will proclaim and establish their independence by direct socialist revolutionary action, abolishing private property. When the revolutionary situation ripens, which may happen any day, and governments are swept away by the people, when the middle-class camp, which only exists by state protection, is thus thrown into disorder, the insurgent people will not wait until some new government decrees, in its marvelous wisdom, a few economic reforms." (From: "The Commune of Paris," by Peter Kropotkin, Freedo....)
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