,$ITORS' ,NOTES 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&RA ,KOLLONTAI 

,TEXT 3 

#a4 ,KOLLONTAI IS REF]R+ H]E TO ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> & ! *ANGES BR\<T AB\T 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BY ! W> & ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION4 ,BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ALL ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 #a#i#a#h1 :5 ?IS PAMPHLET WAS PUBLI%$1 NEGOTIATIONS = AFFILIATION TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL W]E UND]WAY4 ,?IS ,?IRD ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7! ,COM9T]N7 WAS 9ITIAT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS AFT] ! REVOLUTION1 & ,EUROPEAN SOCIALI/S AT ?IS TIME HAD TO *OOSE BETWE5 TWO DI/9CT =MS ( ORGANIZ+4 ,?OSE :O CONT9U$ !IR AFFILIATION TO ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL W]E COMMITT$ TO SOCIALISM BY RE=M1 :ILE ?OSE :O JO9$ ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL W]E COMMITT$ TO SOCIALISM ?R\< REVOLUTION4 

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO REMEMB] ?AT AT ! TIME ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ,M>XI/S ASSUM$ ?AT REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPE W\LD FOLL[ V]Y QUICKLY1 & ?AT SOCIALISM 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD NOT COME AB\T 9 ISOLATION4  

#b4 ,BY 09DEP5D5T ORGANIZATIONS ( WOM5 WORK]S0 %E MEANS ORGANIZATIONS \TSIDE ! SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 ,! 0SPECIAL ORGANIZATIONS0 TO :I* %E REF]S >E !SE SAME ORGANIZATIONS1 NOT ! SEP>ATE WOM5'S SECTIONS )9 ! P>TIES4 ,?IS IS MADE CLE> LAT] 9 ! PAMPHLET4  

#c4 ,SEE ,%EILA'S 9TRODUCTION1 P4VI1 ON ,KOLLONTAI'S UND]E/IMATION ( ! RESILI5CE ( OLD ATTITUDES & CULTURE4  

#d4 ,SEE NOTE #a ABOVE4  

#e4 I4E41 ! ,:ITE ,RUSSIANS & ! =EIGN 9T]V5TIONI/ TROOPS 79CLUD+ TROOPS S5T BY ,5GL&1 :I* W]E US$ BO? TO FI<T AGA9/ ! ,R$ ,>MY & TO TRA9 ! ,:ITE ,RUSSIAN =CES74  

#f4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY WAS ! NAME = ! M>XI/ P>TY BE=E ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,AFT] ! =MATION ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 IT WAS CALL$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,SEE ,%EILA'S 9TRODUCTION1 PP4III_/IV4 

#g4 I4E41 ! #a#h#bS4  

#h4 ,BE=E #a#i#a#g1 ,G]MANY WAS ! C5T] ( M>XISM1 ) BY F> ! L>GE/ M>XI/ P>TY1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY4 ,! F\ND]S ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ,G]MANY1 ,BEBEL & ,LEIBKNE*T1 & LEAD+ MEMB]S ( ! ,G]MAN ,S4,D4,P4 LIKE ,KAUTSKY1 ,LUXEMBURG ,ZETK9 & O!RS1 W]E KN[N 9T]NATIONALLY4  

#i4 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ,CL>A ,ZETK9 W]E AMONG ! WOM5 DELEGATES FROM ABROAD :O ATT5D$ ?IS CONF]5CE1 :I* WAS ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,BRITI% SECTION ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,NUM]\S ,BRITI% ORGANIZATIONS S5T DELEGATES-! ,FABIAN ,SOCIETY1 ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION1 ,HAMM]SMI? ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY1 ,OX=D ,DI/RICT ,SOCIALI/ ,UNION1 ! ,LABOR ,*UR* ,UNION1 ,TRADES & ,LABOR ,C\NCILS & ,TRADE ,UNIONS W]E ALL REPRES5T$4 7,9=MATION FROM ,REPORT ( ! ,PROCE$+S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ & ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONGRESS HELD 9 ,LONDON #a#h#i#f4 ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM47  

#a4 ,:5 ,KOLLONTAI TALKS AB\T 0! P>TIES0 9 ,EUROPE1 %E SEEMS TO BE REF]R+ 9 ! ,BRITI% CONTEXT TO BO? ! M>XI/ P>TY - I4E4 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION F\ND$ BY ,HYNDMAN1 CALL$ ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY FROM ,OCTOB] #aig 7:I* JO9$ ) O!R M>XI/S 9 =M+ ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 9 ,MAY #a#i#a#b7 - & ! NON-M>XI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY4  

#a#a4 ,?IS CONCEPT ( 0! ,P>TY10 :I* 9 ! CONTEXT ( O!R ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES IS US$ TO 9DICATE ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY ( ?AT C\NTRY1 IS US$ RA!R LOOSELY 9 ! ,BRITI% CONTEXT4 ,SEE NOTE #ab BEL[4  

#a#b4 ,! ,WOM5'S ,LABOR ,LEAGUE WAS F\ND$ BY MEMB]S ( ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 #a#i#f1 & AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 ! SAME YE>4 ,AFT] ! ,G5]AL ,ELECTION ( #a#i#f1 :5 IT WON #bi SEATS 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY WAS RECOGNIZ$ = ! FIR/ TIME AS A P>TY ( NATIONAL IMPORTANCE4 

,! WOM5 HAD HELP$ TO BUILD ! MOVEM5T FROM ITS V]Y COMM5CEM5T2 !Y HAD FULL RECOGNITION 9 ! ,P>TY ( !IR CITIZ5%IP & !IR RI<T & DUTY TO TAKE P>T 9 PUBLIC WORK4 ,YET1 [+ L>GELY TO ! FACT ?AT ! ,P>TY IS COMPOS$ 9 ! MA9 ( TRADE UNIONI/S1 M5 W]E COM+ BY HUNDR$S & ?\S&S 9TO ! RANKS1 & ! WIVES & SWEE!>TS W]E BE+ LEFT \TSIDE4 ,IF ! NEW ,P>TY WAS NOT TO BE A PURELY MASCUL9E AFFAIR1 WE SAW ?AT A SPECIAL EF=T MU/ BE MADE TO REA* ! WOM5 & 5LI/ !IR SUPPORT4 ,WE DO NOT WANT TO ORGANIZE \RSELVES SEP>ATELY FROM ! M51 BUT WE HAVE F\ND ?AT ! BE/ WAY TO CO-OP]ATE ) !M IS TO $UCATE \RSELVES2 TO TEA* \RSELVES TO DISCUSS & UND]/& & TAKE RESPONSIBILITY 9 \R [N MEET+S1 & ?US TO 9CREASE \R P[] & AT ! SAME TIME \R P[]S = ! RI<T4 ,WE >E AFFILIAT$ NATIONALLY TO ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & \R LOCAL ,LEAGUES WORK ) ! LOCAL ,LABOR C\NCILORS4 ,WE HAVE AB\T HALF A HUNDR$ BRAN*ES N[4 

,OBJECT ( ! ,LEAGUE3 ,TO =M AN ORGANIZATION ( WOM5 TO WORK = ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,REPRES5TATION 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & TO OBTA9 DIRECT ,LABOR ,REPRES5TATION ( WOM5 9 ,P>LIAM5T & ON ALL LOCAL BODIES4 7,M>G>ET ,MACDONALD1 F\ND] MEMB] ( ! ,WOM5'S ,LABOR ,LEAGUE1 WRIT+ 9 ,WOM5 ,WORK]S1 ,S\V5IR ,PAMPHLET ( ,WOM5'S ,LABOR ,DAY1 ,JULY #a#i#i4 ,LONDON ,S*OOL ( ,ECONOMICS ,LIBR>Y47 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT :]E = O!R C\NTRIES FIGURES = TRADE UNION MEMB]%IP >E FOLL[$ BY ?OSE = MEMB]%IP ( ! NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1 = ,5GL& !Y >E FOLL[$ BY FIGURES = MEMB]%IP ( ! WOM5'S SECTION ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 RA!R ?AN = ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY'S WOM5'S SECTION4 

,IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT ,KOLLONTAI'S KN[L$GE ( EV5TS & ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,5GL& WAS SOME:AT SKET*Y1 & ?AT %E WAS NOT CLE> AB\T ! DI/9CTION :I* EXI/$ AT ?AT TIME BETWE5 ! ,BRITI% ,LABOR ,P>TY1 & ! M>XI/ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY ( ,BRITA9 & O!R C\NTRIES4 ,9 FACT1 AS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES GREW MORE REVISIONI/ & LESS OP5LY M>XI/-NOTABLY ! ,G]MAN ,S4,D4,P4 - ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 !M & ! ,BRITI% ,LABOR ,P>TY BECAME A F9E ONE4 ,NOTICE ALSO ?AT %E REF]S TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY 9 ,BRITA91 :5 AFT] #aiab IT HAD BECOME ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 & ?AT H] SECOND ACC\NT ( DATES ( ! F\NDATION ( ! ,WOM5'S ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION IS 9CORRECT4 ,%EILA PO9TS \T 9 H] 9TRODUCTION ?AT ,KOLLONTAI APPE>$ TO KN[ NO?+ ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ! ,EA/ ,LONDON ,F$]ATION ( ,SUFFRAGETTES4  

#a#c4 ,9 ! E>LY /AGES ( ! 9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION1 WOM5 W5T 9TO ! FACTORIES1 BUT MANY W]E /ILL EMPLOY$ DO+ \TWORK AT HOME OR 9 DOME/IC S]VICE4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY & BEG9N+ ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGE1 ! GR[? ( LI<T 9DU/RY & ! GR[? ( A MASS M>KET W]E BEG9N+ TO *ANGE ! /RUCTURE ( WOM5'S WORK AGA94 ,?IS IS ! P]IOD DUR+ :I* WOM5 BECAME UNIONIZ$ 9 SIGNIFICANT NUMB]S = ! FIR/ TIME4  

#a#d4 ,MRS4 ,EMMA ,PATT]SON WAS ! FIR/ SECRET>Y ( ! ,NATIONAL ,SOCIETY = ,WOM5'S ,SUFFRAGE 9 #a#h#g#a4 ,%E SET UP ! ,WOM5'S ,PROVID5T & ,PROTECTIVE ,LABOR ,LEAGUE 9 #a#h#g#d1 DELIB]ATELY AVOID+ ! USE ( 'TRADE UNION' 9 ! TITLE \T ( DEF]5CE TO ! MIDDLE CLASS WELL-WI%]S :O AT ?AT TIME W]E PROM95T 9 ! ORGANIZATION 7?\< FROM ! FIR/1 TRADE UNIONI/S W]E 9VOLV$74 ,! ,LEAGUE HELP$ SET UP WOM5 S TRADE UNIONS 9 ! #a#h#gS1 MO/ ( :I* W]E %ORT-LIV$ 7?\< ONE1 ! ,UNION ( ,WORK+ ,WOM5 9 ,BRI/OL1 SURVIV$ UNTIL ! #a#h#iS1 & TRI$ TO CONV9CE ! ,T4,U4,C4 ( ! IMPORTANCE ( ORGANIZ+ WOM54 ,LAT] IT BECAME ! ,TRADE ,UNION ,LEAGUE1 ) AN OV]:ELM+LY WORK+ CLASS COMPOSITION4  

#a#e4 ,BY 0A N>R[LY ECONOMIC *>ACT]10 ,KOLLONTAI MEANS ?AT ! ,5GLI% TRADE UNIONI/S LIMIT$ !MSELVES TO ECONOMIC DEM&S AT WORK1 )\T CONNECT+ !SE TO ! G5]AL OPPRESSION ( WOM5 9 SOCIETY4  

#a#f4 ,BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 MANY WORK+ WOM5 BACK$ ! SUFFRAGETTE DEM& = ! VOTE 'ON EQUAL T]MS ) M5'1 EV5 ?\< ! T]MS ON :I* M5 HAD ! VOTE EMBODI$ PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS :I* DISQUALIFI$ MANY WORK+ M5 FROM VOT+1 & W\LD HAVE DISQUALIFI$ MO/ WORK+ WOM51 S9CE !Y HAD EV5 LESS MONEY & PROP]TY ?AN ! M54 ,BY #a#i#a#d1 H[EV]1 SOME ( ! SUFFRAGETTES1 NOTABLY ! ,EA/ ,LONDON ,F$]ATION ( ,SUFFRAGETTES1 W]E CALL+ = UNIV]SAL MAN-HOOD & WOMANHOOD SUFFRAGE1 )\T PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS ( ANY K9D4  

#a#g4 ,CONTROV]SY OV] ! ',WOMAN ,QUE/ION' HAD BE5 GO+ ON = SOME TIME4 ,?\< ,5GELS & ,BEBEL SUPPORT$ WOM5'S RI<TS1 MANY ,G]MAN P>TY MEMB]S ?\<T ?AT WOM5 W]5'T READY = RI<TS1 & REFUS$ TO 9CLUDE WOM5'S LIB]ATION ON ! P>TY PROGRAM4 ,9 LAT] YE>S1 ,CL>A ,ZETK9 CONT9U$ ! /RUGGLE 9 ,G]MANY = ! RECOGNITION ( ! IMPORTANCE ( WORK+ ) & = WOM54  

#a#h4 0,CONFID5TIAL ,AG5T0 - A P>TY PO/4  

#a#i4 ,SEE NOTE #ab ON ! F\NDATION ( ! ,WOM5'S ,LABOR ,LEAGUE4 

#b4 ,! ,WOM5'S ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY WAS F\ND$ 9 ! SPR+ ( #aie 0= ! PURPOSE ( $UCAT+ WOM5 9 SOCIALISM & O!R MATT]S APP]TA9+ TO IT444 ,WE HAVE />T$ ,WOM5'S ,CIRCLES 9 MANY P>TS1 :I* >E CONDUCT$ 9 A /RICTLY BUS9ESS-LIKE MANN]1 SO ?AT :5 ! MEMB]S KN[ 5\< ( SOCIALISM !Y JO9 ! LOCAL BRAN* ( ! ,S4,D4,P4 & >E WELL ACQUA9T$ ) ! BUS9ESS ME?ODS ( ! BRAN*40 7,QUOT$ FROM ! ,9TRODUCTION BY ,CL>A ,H5D9 TO ,SOME ,WORDS TO ,SOCIALI/ ,WOM5 BY ,MRS4 ,MONTEFIORE4 #a#i#g4 ,M>X ,MEMORIAL ,LIBR>Y47 

#b#a4 ,! ,DUMA WAS ! ,CONSULTATIVE ,ASSEMBLY1 CONC$$ BY ! ,CZ> 9 #a#i#e4 

#b#b4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORD US$ = 'PRES5T' 9 ! TEXT CAN ALSO MEAN 'REAL'4 7,TR47 

#b#c4 ,SEE NOTES #ab & #ai ABOVE4 ,KOLLONTAI'S DATE = ! =MATION ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY'S ,WOM5'S ,COMMITTEE IS WRONG H]E4  

#b#d4 ,! SUFFRAGETTES W]E NOT 9 FACT MAK+ DEM&S = ELECTORAL 7PROP]TY7 QUALIFICATIONS4 ,!Y W]E DEM&+ ! VOTE 'ON EQUAL T]MS ) M5'2 & :ILE BE=E ! W> ?IS AM\NT$ TO ACCEPT+ ! IMPOSITION ( PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS1 MO/ ( ! SUFFRAGETTES MADE IT CLE> ?AT !Y DEM&$ ! VOTE ON !SE T]MS AS BETT] ?AN NO?+1 & DID NOT SPECIFICALLY SUPPORT ! PR9CIPLE ( PROP]TY QUALIFICATIONS4 ,SEE NOTE #af ABOVE4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,$ITORS' ,NOTES -- ,ADD$4 
,M>* #d1 #bba 3 ,$ITORS' ,NOTES -- ,UPDAT$4 

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