,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a 
,9TRODUCTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AUFHEB5 

,TEXT 3 

,P>T ,I3 ,TROTSKY & /ATE CAPITALISM 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! SUBSEQU5T E/ABLI%M5T ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS A 'WORK]S' /ATE'1 HAS DOM9AT$ POLITICAL ?9K+ = MORE ?AN ?REE G5]ATIONS4 

,9 ! PA/1 IT SEEM$ 5\< = COMMUNI/ REVOLUTION>IES TO DEF9E !IR RADICAL SEP>ATION ) MU* ( ! 'LEFT' BY D5\NC+ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS /ATE CAPITALI/4.<#a.> ,?IS IS NO LONG] SUFFICI5T1 IF IT EV] WAS4 ,MANY ,TROTSKYI/S1 = EXAMPLE1 N[ FEEL V9DICAT$ BY ! 'RE/ORATION ( CAPITALISM' 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,TO TRANS=M SOCIETY WE NOT ONLY HAVE TO UND]/& :AT IT IS1 WE ALSO HAVE TO UND]/& H[ PA/ ATTEMPTS TO TRANS=M IT FAIL$4 ,9 ?IS & FUTURE ISSUES WE %ALL EXPLORE ! 9ADEQUACIES ( ! !ORY ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS A DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE & ! V>I\S V]SIONS ( ! !ORY ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS A =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,9TRODUCTION 

,! QUE/ION ( ,RUSSIA ONCE MORE 

,9 ,AUGU/ #aiia ! LA/ DESP]ATE ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO SALVAGE ! OLD ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,GORBA*EV1 ! GREAT RE=M] & >*ITECT ( BO? ,GLASNO/ & ,P]E/ROIKA1 WAS DEPOS$ AS ,PRESID5T ( ! ,U,S,S,R & REPLAC$ BY AN EI<T MAN JUNTA 9 AN ALMO/ BLOODLESS C\P4 ,YET1 )9 SIXTY H\RS ?IS C\P HAD CRUMBL$ 9 ! FACE ( ! OPPOSITION L$ BY ,BORIS ,YELTS91 BACK$ BY ALL ! MAJOR ,WE/]N P[]S4 ,YELTS9'S TRIUMPH NOT ONLY HA/5$ ! DIS9TEGRATION ( ! ,U,S,S,R BUT ALSO CONFIRM$ ! ,U,S,A AS ! F9AL VICTOR 9 ! ,COLD ,W> ?AT HAD = =TY YE>S S]V$ AS ! MATRIX ( WORLD POLITICS4 

,SIX YE>S LAT] ALL ?IS N[ SEEMS LONG PA/4 ,UND] ! ,NEW ,WORLD 7DIS7,ORD] 9 :I* ! ,U,S,A REMA9S AS ! SOLE SUP]P[]1 ! ,U,S,S,R & ! ,COLD ,W> SEEM LITTLE MORE ?AN HI/ORY4 ,BUT ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R DID NOT SIMPLY RE%APE ! 'POLITICS ( ! WORLD' -- IT HAS HAD FUNDAM5TAL REP]CUSSIONS 9 ! 'WORLD ( POLITICS'1 REP]CUSSIONS ?AT >E F> FROM BE+ RESOLV$4 

,EV] S9CE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#a#g1 ALL PO9TS ALONG ! POLITICAL SPECTRUM HAVE HAD TO DEF9E !MSELVES 9 T]MS ( ! ,U,S,S,R1 & 9 DO+ SO !Y HAVE NECESS>ILY HAD TO DEF9E :AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS4 ,?IS HAS BE5 P>TICUL>LY TRUE = ?OSE ON ! 'LEFT' :O HAVE S\<T 9 SOME WAY TO *ALL5GE CAPITALISM4 ,9 SO F> AS ! ,U,S,S,R WAS ABLE TO PRES5T ITSELF AS 'AN ACTUALLY EXI/+ SOCIALI/ SY/EM'1 AS A VIABLE ALT]NATIVE TO ! 'M>KET CAPITALISM ( ! ,WE/'1 IT CAME TO DEF9E :AT SOCIALISM WAS4 

,EV5 'DEMOCRATIC SOCIALI/S' 9 ! ,WE/1 SU* AS ?OSE ON ! LEFT ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 ,BRITA91 :O REJECT$ ! 'TOTALIT>IAN' ME?ODS ( ! ,L59 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 & :O S\<T A P>LIAM5T>Y ROAD TO SOCIALISM1 /ILL TOOK FROM ! ,RUSSIAN MODEL NATIONALIZATION & C5TRALIZ$ PLANN+ ( ! COMM&+ HEI<TS ( ! ECONOMY AS !IR T\*/ONE ( SOCIALISM4 ,! QUE/ION AS TO :AT EXT5T ! ,U,S,S,R WAS SOCIALI/1 & AS SU* WAS MOV+ T[>DS A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY1 WAS AN ISSUE ?AT HAS DOM9AT$ & DEF9$ SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ ?9K+ = MORE ?AN ?REE G5]ATIONS4 

,IT IS H>DLY SURPRIS+ !N ?AT ! FALL ( ! ,U,S,S,R HAS ?R[N ! LEFT & BEYOND 9TO A S]I\S CRISIS4 ,:ILE ! ,U,S,S,R EXI/$ 9 OPPOSITION -- H[EV] FALSE -- TO FREE M>KET CAPITALISM1 & :ILE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ! ,WE/ CONT9U$ TO ADVANCE1 IT WAS POSSIBLE TO ASSUME ?AT HI/ORY WAS ON ! SIDE ( SOCIALISM4 ,! IDEALS ( SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM W]E ?OSE ( PROGRESS4 ,) ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R SU* ASSUMPTIONS HAVE BE5 TURN$ ON !IR HEAD4 ,) ! VICTORY ( 'FREE M>KET CAPITALISM' SOCIALISM IS N[ PRES5T$ AS ANA*RONI/IC1 ! NOTION ( C5TRALIZ$ PLANN+ ( HUGE NATIONALIZ$ 9DU/RIES IS CONF9$ TO AN AGE ( D9OSAURS1 ALONG ) ORGANIZ$ WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,N[ IT IS ! M>KET & LIB]AL DEMOCRACY ?AT CLAIM TO BE ! FUTURE1 SOCIALISM & COMMUNISM >E DEEM$ DEAD & GONE4 

,) ?IS IDEOLOGICAL ONSLAU<T ( NEO-LIB]ALISM ?AT HAS FOLL[$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R1 ! C>E]I/S 9 ! OLD SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC & ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES HAVE DROPP$ ALL VE/IGES OLD SOCIALISM AS !Y LUR* TO ! RI<T4 ,) ! ,BLAIRITE ,NEW ,LABOR 9 ,BRITA91 ! ,CL9TONITE NEW ,DEMOCRATS 9 ! ,U,S,A & ! R5AM$ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES 9 ,EUROPE1 ALL !Y HAVE LEFT IS TO OP5LY PROCLAIM !MSELVES AS ! 'NEW & IMPROV$' C>+ MANAG]S ( CAPITALISM1 FULLY EMBRAC+ ! IDEALS ( ! M>KET & MOD]N MANAGEM5T ME?ODS4 

,( C\RSE1 = ! W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>IES :O HAD GR[N UP S9CE ! #a#i#fS1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( C\RSE ( ! V>I\S ,TROTSKYI/ SECTS1 ! NOTION ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS 9 ANYWAY PROGRESSIVE1 LET ALONE SOCIALI/ OR COMMUNI/1 HAD = A LONG TIME SEEM$ LUDICR\S4 ,! PURGES & %[ TRIALS ( ! #a#i#cS1 ! CRU%+ ( ! WORK]S' UPRIS+S 9 ,EA/ ,G]MANY 9 #aiec & 9 ,HUNG>Y 9 #a#i#e#f1 ! REFUSAL TO ACCEPT EV5 ! LIMIT$ LIB]AL RE=MS 9 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA 9 #aifh & ! CONT9U$ REPRESSION ( WORK]S' /RUGGLES 9 ,RUSSIA ITSELF1 HAD LONG L$ MANY ON ! 'REVOLUTION>Y LEFT' TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT :ATEV] ! ,U,S,S,R WAS IT WAS NOT SOCIALI/4 ,EV5 ! CONT5TION ?AT1 = ALL ITS MON/R\S DI/ORTIONS1 ! ,U,S,S,R WAS PROGRESSIVE 9S(> AS IT /ILL DEVELOP$ ! PRODUCTIVE =CES BECAME PAT5TLY ABSURD AS ! ECONOMIC /AGNATION & WA/E ( ! ,BREZHNEV ]A BECAME 9CREAS+LY APP>5T DUR+ ! #a#i#gS4 

,= ?OSE ULTRA-LEFTI/S.<#b.> & AN>*I/S :O HAD LONG S9CE REJECT$ ! ,U,S,S,R AS 9 ANYWAY A MODEL = SOCIALISM OR COMMUNISM1 & :O AS A RESULT HAD COME TO REASS]T ! ORIG9AL COMMUNI/ DEM&S = ! COMPLETE ABOLITION ( WAGE LABOR & COMMODITY EX*ANGE1 IT HAS LONG S9CE BECOME SELF-EVID5T ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS SIMPLY ANO!R =M ( CAPITALISM4 ,AS SU*1 = BO? AN>*I/S & ULTRA-LEFTI/S ! NOTION ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS /ATE CAPITALI/ HAS COME AS AN EASY ONE -- TOO EASY P]HAPS4 

,IF IT WAS SIMPLY A QUE/ION ( IDEAS IT C\LD HAVE BE5 EXPECT$ ?AT ! F9AL COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R W\LD HAVE PROVID$ AN EXCELL5T OPPORTUNITY TO CLE> AWAY ALL ! OLD ILLUSIONS 9 ,L59ISM & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ?AT HAD WEI<$ LIKE A NI<TM>E ON G5]ATIONS ( SOCIALI/S & WORK+ CLASS MILITANTS4 ,( C\RSE ?IS HAS NOT BE5 ! CASE1 & IF ANY?+ ! REV]SE MAY BE TRUE4 ,! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R HAS COME AT A TIME :5 ! WORK+ CLASS HAS BE5 ON ! DEF5SIVE & :5 ! HOPES ( RADICALLY OV]?R[+ CAPITALISM HAVE SEEM$ MORE REMOTE ?AN EV]4 ,IF ANY?+1 AS 9SECURITY GR[S ) ! 9CREAS+ D]EGULATION ( M>KET =CES1 & AS ! OLD SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TIES MOVE TO ! RI<T1 IT W\LD SEEM IF ANY?+ ?AT ! CONDITIONS >E BE+ LA9 = A REVIVAL ( 'OLD /YLE SOCIALISM'4 

,9DE$1 FRE$ FROM HAV+ TO DEF5D ! 9DEF5SIBLE1 OLD ,/AL9I/S >E TAK+ NEW HE>T & CAN N[ MAKE COMMON CAUSE ) ! MORE CRITICAL SUPPORT]S ( ! OLD ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,?IS REVIVALISM ( ! OLD LEFT1 ) ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY 9 ,BRITA9 AS ! MO/ REC5T EXAMPLE1 CAN CLAIM TO BE MAK+ JU/ AS MU* HEADWAY AS ANY REAL COMMUNI/ OR AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,! CRISIS ( ! LEFT ?AT FOLL[$ ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R HAS NOT ESCAP$ COMMUNI/S OR AN>*I/S4 ,9 ! PA/ IT WAS SUFFICI5T = !SE T5D5CIES TO DEF9E !IR RADICAL SEP>ATION ) MU* ( ! 'LEFT' BY D5\NC+ ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS /ATE CAPITALI/ & D5Y+ ! EXI/5CE ( ANY ACTUALLY EXI/+ SOCIALI/ C\NTRY4 ,?IS IS NO LONG] SUFFICI5T1 IF IT EV] WAS4 ,AS WE %ALL %[1 MANY ,TROTSKYI/S1 = EXAMPLE1 N[ FEEL V9DICAT$ BY ! 'RE/ORATION ( CAPITALISM' 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,O!RS1 LIKE ,TICKT91 HAVE DEVELOP$ A MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ ANALYSIS ( ! NATURE ( ! OLD ,U,S,S,R1 & :AT CAUS$ ITS EV5TUAL COLLAPSE1 :I* HAS S]I\SLY *ALL5G$ ! /&>D !ORIES ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS BE+ /ATE CAPITALI/4 

,:ILE SOME AN>*I/S & ULTRA-LEFTI/S >E CONT5T TO REPEAT ! OLD DOGMAS CONC]N+ ! ,U,S,S,R1 MO/ F9D ! QUE/ION BOR+2 A QUE/ION !Y BELIEVE HAS LONG S9CE BE5 SETTL$4 ,9/EAD !Y SEEK TO REASS]T !IR RADICALITY 9 ! PRACTICAL ACTIVISM ( PRISON] SUPPORT GR\PS 7'! LEFT NEV] SUPPORTS ITS PRISON]S DOES IT'71.<#c.> OR 9 ! !ORETICAL PSEUDO-RADICALITY ( PRIMITIVISM4 ,= US1 H[EV]1 ! QUE/ION ( :AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS IS P]HAPS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN EV]4 ,= SO LONG ! ,U,S,S,R WAS PRES5T$1 BO? BY SOCIALI/S & ?OSE OPPOS$ TO SOCIALISM1 AS ! ONLY FEASIBLE ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALISM4 ,= ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE ! FAILURE & COLLAPSE ( ! ,U,S,S,R HAS MEANT ! FAILURE ( ANY REALI/IC SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALISM4 ,! ONLY ALT]NATIVES APPE> TO BE DIFF]5T %ADES ( 'FREE M>KET' CAPITALISM4 ,YET IT IS NO GOOD SIMPLY D5\NC+ ! ,U,S,S,R AS HAV+ BE5 A =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM ON ! BASIS ?AT CAPITALISM IS ANY =M ( SOCIETY WE DON'T LIKE6 ,TO TRANS=M SOCIETY WE NOT ONLY HAVE TO UND]/& :AT IT IS1 WE ALSO HAVE TO UND]/& H[ PA/ ATTEMPTS TO TRANS=M IT FAIL$4 

,\TL9E 

,9 ?IS ISSUE & ! NEXT ONE WE %ALL EXPLORE ! 9ADEQUACIES ( V>I\S V]SIONS ( ! !ORY ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS A =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM2 FIR/LY :5 COMP>$ ) ! /&>D ,TROTSKYI/ !ORY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS A DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE1 & SECONDLY1 & P]HAPS MORE TELL+LY1 9 ! LI<T ( ! ANALYSIS ( ! ,U,S,S,R PUT =W>D BY ,TICKT9 :I* PURPORTS TO GO BEYOND BO? /ATE CAPITALI/ & DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE CONCEPTIONS ( ! NATURE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 

,TO BEG9 ) WE %ALL EXAM9E ,TROTSKY'S !ORY ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS A DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE1 :I*1 AT LEA/ 9 ,BRITA91 HAS S]V$ AS ! /&>D CRITICAL ANALYSIS ( ! NATURE ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION S9CE ! #a#i#cS4 ,!N WE %ALL SEE H[ ,TONY ,CLIFF1 HAV+ BORR[$ ! CONCEPTION ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS /ATE CAPITALI/ FROM ! LEFT COMMUNI/S 9 ! #a#i#dS1 DEVELOP$ HIS [N V]SION ( ! !ORY ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS A =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM :I*1 :ILE RADICALLY REVIS+ ! ,TROTSKYI/ OR?ODOXY ) REG>D TO ,RUSSIA1 S\<T TO REMA9 FAI?FUL TO ,TROTSKY'S BROAD] !ORETICAL CONCEPTIONS4 ,AS WE %ALL SEE1 & AS IS WELL RECOGNIZ$1 AL?\< ?R\< ! PROPAG&A WORK ( ! ,S,W,P & ITS SI/] ORGANIZATIONS WORLD WIDE ,CLIFF'S V]SION ( ! /ATE CAPITALI/ !ORY IS P]HAPS ! MO/ WELL KN[N1 IT IS ALSO ONE ( ! WEAKE/4 ,9DE$1 AS WE %ALL OBS]VE1 ,CLIFF'S !ORY HAS (T5 BE5 US$ BY OR?ODOX ,TROTSKYI/S AS A /RAW MAN ) :I* TO REFUTE ALL /ATE CAPITALI/ !ORIES & SU/A9 !IR [N CONCEPTION ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS A DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE4 

,9 CONTRA/ TO ,CLIFF'S !ORY WE %ALL1 9 ! NEXT ISSUE1 CONSID] O!R P]HAPS LESS WELL KN[N V]SIONS ( ! !ORY ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS /ATE CAPITALI/ ?AT HAVE BE5 PUT =W>D BY LEFT COMMUNI/S & O!R MORE REC5T WRIT]S4 ,?IS WILL !N ALL[ US TO CONSID] ,TICKT9'S ANALYSIS ( ,U,S,S,R & ITS CLAIM TO GO BEYOND BO? ! !ORY ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS /ATE CAPITALI/ & ! !ORY ( ! ,U,S,S,R AS A DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE4 

,HAV+ EXPLOR$ ! 9ADEQUACIES ( ! !ORY ?AT ! ,U,S,S,R WAS A =M ( /ATE CAPITALISM1 9 ! LI<T ( BO? ! ,TROTSKYI/ !ORY ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION AS A DEG5]AT$ WORK]S' /ATE &1 MORE IMPORTANTLY1 ,TICKT9'S ANALYSIS ( ! ,U,S,S,R1 WE %ALL 9 ,AUFHEB5 #h SEEK TO PRES5T A T5TATIVE RE/ATEM5T ( ! /ATE CAPITALI/ !ORY 9 T]MS ( A !ORY ( ! DE=MATION ( VALUE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #a -- ,ADD$4 

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