,:AT IS ,AU?ORITY8 7,WILBUR ,TRANSLATION7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,G&HI 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,%AWN ,P4 ,WILBUR 

,TEXT 3 

,TRANSLATOR'S NOTE 

,?IS PASSAGE IS G5]ALLY KN[N AS P>T ( 0,GOD & ! ,/ATE0 7,DIEU ET L',ETAT1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#h#h#b71 BUT IT APPE>S 9 ,BAKUN9'S MANUSCRIPT AS P>T ( 0,SOPHISMES HI/ORIQUES DE L'ECOLE DOCTR9AIRE DES COMMUNI/ES ALLEM&S10 ! SECOND SECTION ( ! UNF9I%$ BOOK ,L',EMPIRE ,KN\TO-,G]MANIQUE ET LA ,REVOLUTION ,SOCIALE 7,! ,KN\TO-,G]MANIC ,EMPIRE & ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION47 

,?IS NEW TRANSLATION SEEKS TO CL>IFY SOME PASSAGES ?AT MAY APPE> CONTRADICTORY 9 EXI/+ TRANSLATIONS4 ,9 P>TICUL>LY ! V]B REP\SS]1 :I* PREVI\S TRANSLATORS HAVE T5D$ TO SIMPLY R5D] AS 0REJECT10 HAS BE5 BR\<T CLOS] TO ITS LIT]AL S5SE ( 0PU% BACK0 & SOME ATT5TION HAS BE5 GIV5 TO DI/+UI%+ :]E ,BAKUN9 USES ! WORD AUTORITE TO DESIGNATE AB/RACT AU?ORITY & :]E HE REF]S TO P>TICUL> EXP]TS OR AU?ORITY FIGURES4 

,9 ! PREC$+ SECTION1 ,BAKUN9 HAS BE5 DISCUSS+1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! IDEA ( ,GOD1 & ! SECTION 5DS ) HIS REPLY TO ,VOLTAIRE'S COMM5T ?AT IF ,GOD DID NOT EXI/1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO 9V5T HIM3 ,IF ,GOD REALLY DID EXI/1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO GET RID ( HIM4 

,:AT IS ,AU?ORITY 

,! SEV]E LOGIC ?AT DICTATES !SE WORDS IS F> TOO OBVI\S TO REQUIRE A FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ?IS >GUM5T4 ,& IT SEEMS TO ME IMPOSSIBLE ?AT ! ILLU/RI\S M51 :OSE NAMES 7SO CELEBRAT$ & SO JU/LY RESPECT$7 ,I HAVE CIT$1 %\LD NOT HAVE BE5 /RUCK BY IT !MSELVES1 & %\LD NOT HAVE P]CEIV$ ! CONTRADICTION 9TO :I* !Y FELL 9 SPEAK+ ( ,GOD & HUMAN LIB]TY AT ONCE4 ,TO HAVE DISREG>D$ IT1 !Y MU/ HAVE CONSID]$ ?IS 9CONSI/5CY OR LOGICAL LIC5SE PRACTICALLY NECESS>Y TO HUMANITY'S WELL-BE+4 

,P]HAPS1 TOO1 :ILE SPEAK+ ( LIB]TY AS SOME?+ V]Y RESPECTABLE & V]Y DE>1 !Y UND]/OOD ! T]M QUITE DIFF]5TLY ?AN WE DO1 AS MAT]IALI/S & REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S4 ,9DE$1 !Y NEV] SPEAK ( IT )\T IMM$IATELY ADD+ ANO!R WORD1 AU?ORITY--A WORD & A ?+ :I* WE DETE/ ) ALL \R HE>T4 

,:AT IS AU?ORITY8 ,IS IT ! 9EVITABLE P[] ( ! NATURAL LAWS :I* MANIFE/ !MSELVES 9 ! NECESS>Y CONCAT5ATION & SUCCESSION ( PH5OM5A 9 ! PHYSICAL & SOCIAL WORLDS8 ,9DE$1 AGA9/ !SE LAWS REVOLT IS NOT ONLY =BIDD51 BUT IS EV5 IMPOSSIBLE4 ,WE MAY MISUND]/& !M OR /ILL NOT KN[ !M AT ALL1 BUT WE CANNOT DISOBEY !M1 BECAUSE !Y CON/ITUTE ! BASIS & V]Y CONDITIONS ( \R EXI/5CE2 !Y 5VELOP US1 P5ETRATE US1 REGULATE ALL \R MOVEM5TS1 ?\<TS1 & ACTS1 SO ?AT EV5 :5 WE BELIEVE ?AT WE DISOBEY !M1 WE DO NO?+ BUT DEMON/RATE !IR OMNIPOT5CE4 

,YES1 WE >E ABSOLUTELY ! SLAVES ( !SE LAWS4 ,BUT !RE IS NO?+ HUMILIAT+ 9 ?AT SLAV]Y1 OR1 RA!R1 IT IS NOT SLAV]Y AT ALL4 ,= SLAV]Y SUPPOSES AN EXT]NAL MA/]1 A LEGISLATOR \TSIDE ( ! ONE :OM HE COMM&S1 :ILE !SE LAWS >E NOT \TSIDE ( US2 !Y >E 9H]5T 9 US2 !Y CON/ITUTE \R BE+1 \R :OLE BE+1 AS MU* PHYSICALLY AS 9TELLECTUALLY & MORALLY4 ,WE LIVE1 WE BREA!1 WE ACT1 WE ?9K1 WE WI% ONLY ?R\< !SE LAWS4 ,)\T !M WE >E NO?+-WE >E NOT4 ,FROM :]E1 !N1 C\LD WE D]IVE ! P[] & ! WI% TO REBEL AGA9/ !M8 

,) REG>D TO NATURAL LAWS1 ONLY ONE S+LE LIB]TY IS POSSIBLE TO MAN--?AT ( RECOGNIZ+ & APPLY+ !M MORE & MORE ALL ! TIME1 9 CON=MITY ) ! GOAL ( COLLECTIVE & 9DIVIDUAL EMANCIPATION OR HUMANIZATION :I* HE PURSUES4 ,!SE LAWS1 ONCE RECOGNIZ$1 EX]CISE AN AU?ORITY :I* IS NEV] DISPUT$ BY ! MASS ( M54 ,ONE MU/1 = 9/ANCE1 BE AT BASE EI!R A FOOL OR A !OLOGIAN OR AT LEA/ A METAPHYSICIAN1 JURI/1 OR B\RGEOIS ECONOMI/ TO REBEL AGA9/ ! LAW BY :I* #b X #b MAKES #d4 ,ONE MU/ HAVE FAI? TO IMAG9E ?AT FIRE WILL NOT BURN NOR WAT] DR[N1 UNLESS ONE HAS REC\RSE TO SOME SUBT]FUGE ?AT IS /ILL BAS$ ON SOME O!R NATURAL LAW4 ,BUT !SE REBELLIONS1 OR1 RA!R1 !SE ATTEMPTS AT OR FOOLI% FANCIES ( AN IMPOSSIBLE REVOLT1 ONLY =M A R>E EXCEPTION2 =1 9 G5]AL1 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT ! MASS ( M51 9 !IR DAILY LIVES1 LET !MSELVES BE GOV]N$ BY GOOD S5SE--?AT IS1 BY ! SUM ( ! NATURAL LAWS G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$--9 AN ALMO/ ABSOLUTE FA%ION4 

,! GREAT MIS=TUNE IS ?AT A L>GE NUMB] ( NATURAL LAWS1 ALREADY E/ABLI%$ AS SU* BY SCI5CE1 REMA9 UNKN[N TO ! POPUL> MASSES1 ?ANKS TO ! C>E ( !SE TUTEL>Y GOV]NM5TS ?AT EXI/1 AS WE KN[1 ONLY = ! GOOD ( ! PEOPLE4 ,!RE IS ANO!R DIFFICULTY--NAMELY1 ?AT ! MAJOR PORTION ( ! NATURAL LAWS ?AT >E 9H]5T 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( HUMAN SOCIETY & ?AT >E EV]Y BIT AS NECESS>Y1 9V>IABLE1 & FATAL AS ! LAWS ?AT GOV]N ! PHYSICAL WORLD1 HAVE NOT BE5 DULY E/ABLI%$ & RECOGNIZ$ BY SCI5CE ITSELF4 

,ONCE !Y %ALL HAVE BE5 RECOGNIZ$ BY SCI5CE1 & !N %ALL HAVE PASS$1 BY MEANS ( AN EXT5SIVE SY/EM ( POPUL> $UCATION & 9/RUCTION1 FROM SCI5CE 9TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ALL1 ! QUE/ION ( LIB]TY WILL BE P]FECTLY RESOLV$4 ,! MO/ /UBBORN AU?ORIT>IANS MU/ ADMIT ?AT !N !RE WILL BE NO MORE NE$ ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 DIRECTION OR LEGISLATION1 ?REE ?+S :I*1 :E!R !Y EMANATE FROM ! WILL ( ! SOV]EIGN OR FROM ! VOTE ( A P>LIAM5T ELECT$ BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 & EV5 %\LD !Y CON=M TO ! SY/EM ( NATURAL LAWS--:I* HAS NEV] BE5 ! CASE & C\LD NEV] BE ! CASE-->E ALWAYS EQUALLY DEADLY & HO/ILE TO ! LIB]TY ( ! MASSES1 BECAUSE !Y IMPOSE UPON !M A SY/EM ( EXT]NAL & !RE=E DESPOTIC LAWS4 

,! LIB]TY ( MAN CONSI/S SOLELY 9 ?IS3 ?AT HE OBEYS NATURAL LAWS BECAUSE HE HAS HIMSELF RECOGNIZ$ !M AS SU*1 & NOT BECAUSE !Y HAVE BE5 EXT]NALLY IMPOS$ UPON HIM BY ANY =EIGN WILL1 :E!R DIV9E OR HUMAN1 COLLECTIVE OR 9DIVIDUAL4 

,SUPPOSE AN ACADEMY ( LE>N$ 9DIVIDUALS1 COMPOS$ ( ! MO/ ILLU/RI\S REPRES5TATIVES ( SCI5CE2 SUPPOSE ?AT ?IS ACADEMY IS *>G$ ) ! LEGISLATION & ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 & ?AT1 9SPIR$ ONLY BY ! PURE/ LOVE ( TRU?1 IT ONLY DICTATES TO SOCIETY LAWS 9 ABSOLUTE H>MONY ) ! LATE/ DISCOV]IES ( SCI5CE4 ,WELL1 ,I MA9TA91 = MY P>T1 ?AT ?AT LEGISLATION & ORGANIZATION W\LD BE A MON/ROSITY1 & ?AT = TWO REASONS3 FIR/1 ?AT HUMAN SCI5CE IS ALWAYS NECESS>ILY IMP]FECT1 & ?AT1 COMP>+ :AT IT HAS DISCOV]$ ) :AT REMA9S TO BE DISCOV]$1 WE WE MI<T SAY ?AT IT IS ALWAYS 9 ITS CRADLE4 ,SO ?AT IF WE WANT$ TO =CE ! PRACTICAL LIFE ( M51 COLLECTIVE AS WELL AS 9DIVIDUAL1 9TO /RICT & EXCLUSIVE CON=MITY ) ! LATE/ DATA ( SCI5CE1 WE %\LD CONDEMN SOCIETY AS WELL AS 9DIVIDUALS TO SUFF] M>TYRDOM ON A B$ ( ,PROCRU/ES1 :I* W\LD SOON 5D BY DISLOCAT+ & /IFL+ !M1 LIFE ALWAYS REMA9+ 9F9ITELY GREAT] ?AN SCI5CE4 

,! SECOND REASON IS ?IS3 A SOCIETY ?AT W\LD OBEY LEGISLATION EMANAT+ FROM A SCI5TIFIC ACADEMY1 NOT BECAUSE IT UND]/OOD ITSELF ! RATIONAL *>ACT] ( ?IS LEGISLATION 79 :I* CASE ! EXI/5CE ( ! ACADEMY W\LD BECOME USELESS71 BUT BECAUSE ?IS LEGISLATION1 EMANAT+ FROM ! ACADEMY1 WAS IMPOS$ 9 ! NAME ( A SCI5CE ?AT IT V5]AT$ )\T COMPREH5D+--SU* A SOCIETY W\LD BE A SOCIETY1 NOT ( M51 BUT ( BRUTES4 ,IT W\LD BE A SECOND $ITION ( ?AT POOR ,REPUBLIC ( ,P>AGUAY1 :I* LET ITSELF BE GOV]N$ = SO LONG BY ! ,SOCIETY ( ,JESUS4 ,SU* A SOCIETY C\LD NOT FAIL TO DESC5D SOON TO ! L[E/ /AGE ( IDIOCY4 

,BUT !RE IS /ILL A ?IRD REASON ?AT W\LD R5D] SU* A GOV]NM5T IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT IS ?AT A SCI5TIFIC ACADEMY 9VE/$ ) A SOV]EIGNTY ?AT IS1 SO TO SPEAK1 ABSOLUTE1 EV5 IF IT W]E COMPOS$ ( ! MO/ ILLU/RI\S M51 W\LD 9FALLIBLY & SOON 5D BY CORRUPT+ ITSELF MORALLY & 9TELLECTUALLY4 ,ALREADY TODAY1 ) ! FEW PRIVILEGES ALL[$ !M1 ?IS IS ! HI/ORY ( ALL ! ACADEMIES4 ,! GREATE/ SCI5TIFIC G5IUS1 FROM ! MOM5T ?AT HE BECOMES AN ACADEMICIAN1 AN (FICIALLY LIC5S$ SAVANT1 9EVITABLY DECL9ES & LAPSES 9TO SLEEP4 ,HE LOSES HIS SPONTANEITY1 HIS REVOLUTION>Y H>DIHOOD1 & ?AT TR\BLESOME & SAVAGE 5]GY ?AT *>ACT]IZES ! NATURE ( ! GR&E/ G5IUSES1 EV] CALL$ TO DE/ROY OBSOLETE WORLDS & LAY ! F\NDATIONS ( NEW ONES4 ,HE UND\BT$LY GA9S 9 POLIT5ESS1 9 UTILIT>IAN & PRACTICAL WISDOM1 :AT HE LOSES 9 P[] ( ?\<T4 ,9 A WORD1 HE BECOMES CORRUPT$4 

,IT IS ! *>ACT]I/IC ( PRIVILEGE & ( EV]Y PRIVILEG$ POSITION TO KILL ! M9D & HE>T ( M54 ,! PRIVILEG$ MAN1 :E!R POLITICALLY OR ECONOMICALLY1 IS A MAN DEPRAV$ 9TELLECTUALLY & MORALLY4 ,?AT IS A SOCIAL LAW ?AT ADMITS NO EXCEPTION1 & IS AS APPLICABLE TO 5TIRE NATIONS AS TO CLASSES1 COMPANIES1 & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT IS ! LAW ( EQUALITY1 ! SUPREME CONDITION ( LIB]TY & HUMANITY4 ,! PR9CIPAL AIM ( ?IS TREATISE IS PRECISELY TO ELABORATE ON IT1 TO DEMON/RATE ITS TRU? 9 ALL ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( HUMAN LIFE4 

,A SCI5TIFIC BODY TO :I* HAD BE5 CONFID$ ! GOV]NM5T ( SOCIETY W\LD SOON 5D BY NO LONG] OCCUPY+ ITSELF ) SCI5CE AT ALL1 BUT ) QUITE ANO!R BUS9ESS2 & ?AT BUS9ESS1 ! BUS9ESS ( ALL E/ABLI%$ P[]S1 W\LD BE TO P]PETUATE ITSELF BY R5D]+ ! SOCIETY CONFID$ TO ITS C>E EV] MORE /UPID & CONSEQU5TLY MORE 9 NE$ ( ITS GOV]NM5T & DIRECTION4 

,BUT ?AT :I* IS TRUE ( SCI5TIFIC ACADEMIES IS ALSO TRUE ( ALL CON/ITU5T & LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLIES1 EV5 :5 !Y >E ! RESULT ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE4 ,UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE MAY R5EW !IR COMPOSITION1 IT IS TRUE1 BUT ?IS DOES NOT PREV5T ! =MATION 9 A FEW YE>S' TIME ( A BODY ( POLITICIANS1 PRIVILEG$ 9 FACT ?\< NOT BY RI<T1 :O1 BY DEVOT+ !MSELVES EXCLUSIVELY TO ! DIRECTION ( ! PUBLIC AFFAIRS ( A C\NTRY1 F9ALLY =M A SORT ( POLITICAL >I/OCRACY OR OLIG>*Y4 ,WITNESS ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA & ,SWITZ]L&4 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 NO EXT]NAL LEGISLATION & NO AU?ORITY--ONE1 = ?AT MATT]1 BE+ 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! O!R1 & BO? T5D+ TO ! 5SLAVEM5T ( SOCIETY & ! DEGRADATION ( ! LEGISLATORS !MSELVES4 

,DOES IT FOLL[ ?AT ,I DRIVE BACK EV]Y AU?ORITY8 ,! ?\<T W\LD NEV] OCCUR TO ME4 ,:5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( BOOTS1 ,I REF] ! MATT] TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! COBBL]2 :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( H\SES1 CANALS1 OR RAILROADS1 ,I CONSULT ?AT ( ! >*ITECT OR 5G9E]4 ,= EA* SPECIAL >EA ( KN[L$GE ,I SPEAK TO ! APPROPRIATE EXP]T4 ,BUT ,I ALL[ NEI!R ! COBBL] NOR ! >*ITECT NOR ! SCI5TI/ TO IMPOSE UPON ME4 ,I LI/5 TO !M FREELY & ) ALL ! RESPECT M]IT$ BY !IR 9TELLIG5CE1 !IR *>ACT]1 !IR KN[L$GE1 RES]V+ ALWAYS MY 9CONTE/ABLE RI<T ( CRITICISM & V]IFICATION4 ,I DO NOT CONT5T MYSELF ) CONSULT+ A S+LE SPECIFIC AU?ORITY1 BUT CONSULT SEV]AL4 ,I COMP>E !IR OP9IONS & *OOSE ?AT :I* SEEMS TO ME MO/ ACCURATE4 ,BUT ,I RECOGNIZE NO 9FALLIBLE AU?ORITY1 EV5 9 QUITE EXCEPTIONAL QUE/IONS2 CONSEQU5TLY1 :ATEV] RESPECT ,I MAY HAVE = ! HONE/Y & ! S9C]ITY ( SU* OR SU* AN 9DIVIDUAL1 ,I HAVE ABSOLUTE FAI? 9 NO ONE4 ,SU* A FAI? W\LD BE FATAL TO MY REASON1 TO MY LIB]TY1 & EV5 TO ! SUCCESS ( MY UND]TAK+S2 IT W\LD IMM$IATELY TRANS=M ME 9TO A /UPID SLAVE & AN 9/RUM5T ( ! WILL & 9T]E/S ( ANO!R4 

,IF ,I B[ BE=E ! AU?ORITY ( ! SPECIALI/S & DECL>E MYSELF READY TO FOLL[1 TO A C]TA9 EXT5T & AS LONG AS MAY SEEM TO ME NECESS>Y1 !IR 9DICATIONS & EV5 !IR DIRECTIONS1 IT IS BECAUSE ?AT AU?ORITY IS IMPOS$ UPON ME BY NO ONE1 NEI!R BY M5 NOR BY ,GOD4 ,O!RWISE ,I W\LD DRIVE !M BACK 9 HORROR1 & LET ! DEVIL TAKE !IR C\NSELS1 !IR DIRECTION1 & !IR SCI5CE1 C]TA9 ?AT !Y W\LD MAKE ME PAY1 BY ! LOSS ( MY LIB]TY & HUMAN DIGNITY1 = ! SCRAPS ( TRU?1 WRAPP$ 9 A MULTITUDE ( LIES1 ?AT !Y MI<T GIVE ME4 

,I B[ BE=E ! AU?ORITY ( EXCEPTIONAL M5 BECAUSE IT IS IMPOS$ UPON ME BY MY [N REASON4 ,I AM CONSCI\S ( MY ABILITY TO GRASP1 9 ALL ITS DETAILS & POSITIVE DEVELOPM5TS1 ONLY A V]Y SMALL PORTION ( HUMAN SCI5CE4 ,! GREATE/ 9TELLIG5CE W\LD NOT BE SUFFICI5T TO GRASP ! 5TIRETY4 ,FROM ?IS RESULTS1 = SCI5CE AS WELL AS = 9DU/RY1 ! NECESSITY ( ! DIVISION & ASSOCIATION ( LABOR4 ,I RECEIVE & ,I GIVE--SU* IS HUMAN LIFE4 ,EA* IS A DIRECT+ AU?ORITY & EA* IS DIRECT$ 9 HIS TURN4 ,SO !RE IS NO FIX$ & CON/ANT AU?ORITY1 BUT A CONT9UAL EX*ANGE ( MUTUAL1 TEMPOR>Y1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 VOLUNT>Y AU?ORITY & SUBORD9ATION4 

,?IS SAME REASON PROHIBITS ME1 !N1 FROM RECOGNIZ+ A FIX$1 CON/ANT1 & UNIV]SAL AU?ORITY-FIGURE1 BECAUSE !RE IS NO UNIV]SAL MAN1 NO MAN CAPABLE ( GRASP+ 9 ?AT WEAL? ( DETAIL1 )\T :I* ! APPLICATION ( SCI5CE TO LIFE IS IMPOSSIBLE1 ALL ! SCI5CES1 ALL ! BRAN*ES ( SOCIAL LIFE4 ,& IF SU* A UNIV]SALITY WAS EV] REALIZ$ 9 A S+LE MAN1 & IF BE WI%$ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( IT 9 ORD] TO IMPOSE HIS AU?ORITY UPON US1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO DRIVE ?AT MAN \T ( SOCIETY1 BECAUSE HIS AU?ORITY W\LD 9EVITABLY R$UCE ALL ! O!RS TO SLAV]Y & IMBECILITY4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT SOCIETY \<T TO MALTREAT M5 ( G5IUS AS IT HAS DONE HI!RTO2 BUT NEI!R DO ,I ?9K IT %\LD 5RI* !M TOO MU*1 NOR1 & ?IS ABOVE ALL1 GRANT !M ANY PRIVILEGES OR EXCLUSIVE RI<TS2 & ?AT = ?REE REASONS3 FIR/1 BECAUSE IT W\LD (T5 MI/AKE A *>LATAN = A MAN ( G5IUS2 !N1 BECAUSE1 ?R\< SU* A SY/EM ( PRIVILEGES1 IT C\LD TRANS=M EV5 A TRUE MAN ( G5IUS 9TO A *>LATAN1 DEMORALIZE & /UPEFY HIM2 &1 F9ALLY1 BECAUSE IT W\LD GIVE ITSELF A DESPOT4 

9 SUMM>Y1 !N1 WE RECOGNIZE ! ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY ( SCI5CE1 BECAUSE SCI5CE HAS NO O!R OBJECT ?AN ! M5TAL REPRODUCTION1 WELL ?\<T \T & AS SY/EMATIC AS POSSIBLE1 ( ! NATURAL LAWS 9H]5T 9 ! MAT]IAL1 9TELLECTUAL1 & MORAL LIFE ( BO? ! PHYSICAL & ! SOCIAL WORLDS1 !SE TWO WORLDS CON/ITUT+1 9 FACT1 ONLY ONE S+LE NATURAL WORLD4 AP>T FROM ?IS LEGITIMATE AU?ORITY1 UNIQUELY LEGITIMATE BECAUSE IT IS RATIONAL & 9 H>MONY ) HUMAN LIB]TY1 WE DECL>E ALL O!R AU?ORITIES FALSE1 >BITR>Y1 DESPOTIC & DEADLY4 

,WE RECOGNIZE ! ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY ( SCI5CE1 BUT WE REJECT .<REP\SSONS.> ! 9FALLIBILITY & UNIV]SALITY ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( SCI5CE4 ,9 \R *UR*--IF ,I MAY BE P]MITT$ TO USE = A MOM5T AN EXPRESSION :I* ,I SO DETE/3 ,*UR* & ,/ATE >E MY TWO BETES NOIRES--9 \R *UR*1 AS 9 ! ,PROTE/ANT *UR*1 WE HAVE A HEAD1 AN 9VISIBLE ,*RI/1 SCI5CE2 &1 LIKE ! ,PROTE/ANTS1 MORE CONSI/5T EV5 ?AN ! ,PROTE/ANTS1 WE DO NOT WI% TO SUFF] A POPE1 NOR C\NCIL1 NOR CONCLAVES ( 9FALLIBLE C>D9ALS1 NOR BI%OPS1 NOR EV5 PRIE/S4 ,\R ,*RI/ IS DI/+UI%$ FROM ! ,PROTE/ANT & ,*RI/IAN ,*RI/ 9 ?IS--?AT ! LATT] IS A P]SONAL BE+1 :ILE \RS IS IMP]SONAL2 ! ,*RI/IAN ,*RI/1 ALREADY FULLY REALIZ$ 9 AN ET]NAL PA/1 PRES5TS HIMSELF AS A P]FECT BE+1 :ILE ! FULFILLM5T & P]FECTION ( \R ,*RI/1 SCI5CE1 >E ALWAYS 9 ! FUTURE3 :I* IS EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT !Y WILL NEV] BE REALIZ$4 ,!RE=E1 9 RECOGNIZ+ NO ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY BUT ?AT ( ABSOLUTE SCI5CE1 WE 9 NO WAY COMPROMISE \R LIB]TY4 

,I MEAN BY ?IS PHRASE1 0ABSOLUTE SCI5CE10 ! TRULY UNIV]SAL SCI5CE ?AT W\LD REPRODUCE IDEALLY1 TO ITS FULLE/ EXT5T & 9 ALL ITS 9F9ITE DETAIL1 ! UNIV]SE1 ! SY/EM OR COORD9ATION ( ALL ! NATURAL LAWS MANIFE/$ 9 ! 9CESSANT DEVELOPM5T ( ! WORLD4 ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT SU* A SCI5CE1 ! SUBLIME OBJECT ( ALL ! EF=TS ( ! HUMAN M9D1 WILL NEV] BE REALIZ$ 9 ITS ABSOLUTE FULLNESS4 ,\R ,*RI/1 !N1 WILL REMA9 ET]NALLY UNF9I%$1 :I* MU/ CONSID]ABLY MOD]ATE ! PRIDE ( HIS LIC5S$ REPRES5TATIVES AMONG US4 ,AGA9/ ?AT ,GOD ! ,SON1 9 :OSE NAME !Y CLAIM TO IMPOSE !IR 9SOL5T & P$ANTIC AU?ORITY ON US1 WE APPEAL TO ,GOD ! ,FA!R1 :O IS ! REAL WORLD1 REAL LIFE1 ( :I* !IR ,GOD IS ONLY ! TOO-IMP]FECT EXPRESSION1 & ( :I* WE1 REAL BE+S1 LIV+1 WORK+1 /RUGGL+1 LOV+1 ASPIR+1 5JOY+1 & SUFF]+1 >E ! IMM$IATE REPRES5TATIVES4 

,BUT1 :ILE REJECT+ .<REP\SSANT.> ! ABSOLUTE1 UNIV]SAL1 & 9FALLIBLE AU?ORITY ( ! M5 ( SCI5CE1 WE WILL+LY B[ BE=E ! RESPECTABLE1 BUT RELATIVE1 V]Y TEMPOR>Y1 & V]Y RE/RICT$ AU?ORITY ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( SPECIAL SCI5CES1 ASK+ NO?+ BETT] ?AN TO CONSULT !M BY TURNS1 & V]Y GRATEFUL = ! PRECI\S 9=MATION ?AT !Y %\LD WANT GIVE TO US1 ON ! CONDITION ?AT TO RECEIVE SU* 9=MATION FROM US ON OCCASIONS :51 & CONC]N+ MATT]S AB\T :I*1 WE >E MORE LE>N$ ?AN !Y2 &1 9 G5]AL1 WE ASK NO?+ BETT] ?AN TO SEE M5 5D[$ ) GREAT KN[L$GE1 GREAT EXP]I5CE1 GREAT M9DS1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 GREAT HE>TS1 EX]T OV] US A NATURAL & LEGITIMATE 9FLU5CE1 FREELY ACCEPT$ & NEV] IMPOS$ 9 ! NAME ( ANY (FICIAL AU?ORITY :ATSOEV]1 CELE/IAL OR T]RE/RIAL4 ,WE ACCEPT ALL NATURAL AU?ORITIES & ALL 9FLU5CES ( FACT1 BUT NONE ( RI<T2 = EV]Y AU?ORITY OR EV]Y 9FLU5CE ( RI<T1 (FICIALLY IMPOS$ AS SU*1 BECOM+ /RAI<T AWAY AN OPPRESSION & A FALSEHOOD1 W\LD 9EVITABLY IMPOSE UPON US1 AS ,I BELIEVE ,I HAVE SUFFICI5TLY %[N1 SLAV]Y & ABSURDITY4 

,9 %ORT1 WE REJECT ALL LEGISLATION1 ALL AU?ORITY1 & EV]Y PRIVILEG$1 LIC5S$1 (FICIAL1 & LEGAL 9FLU5CE1 EV5 ?AT >IS+ FROM UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 CONV9C$ ?AT IT CAN ONLY EV] TURN TO ! ADVANTAGE ( A DOM9ANT1 EXPLOIT+ M9ORITY & AGA9/ ! 9T]E/S ( ! IMM5SE1 SUBJUGAT$ MAJORITY4 

,IT IS 9 ?IS S5SE ?AT WE >E REALLY ,AN>*I/S4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,:AT IS ,AU?ORITY8 7,WILBUR ,TRANSLATION7 -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,:AT IS ,AU?ORITY8 7,WILBUR ,TRANSLATION7 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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