,:AT ,IS ,AN>*ISM8 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION 

#aiie 

,PEOPLE 3 

,$ITOR 3 ,DONALD ,RO\M 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%]'S ,9TRODUCTION 

,WE >E (T5 ASK$ TO EXPLA9 :AT AN>*ISM IS ALL AB\T1 & HOPE TO PUBLI% A REVIS$ & EXP&$ V]SION ( ,NICOLAS ,WALT]'S POPUL> ,AB\T ,AN>*ISM :5 IT IS READY4 ,MEAN:ILE WE SUGGE/$ TO ,DONALD ,RO\M1 CREATOR ( ! AN>*I/ ,WILDCAT C>TOONS1 ?AT HE %\LD PRODUCE A PAMPHLET ON ,AN>*ISM4 ,! FIR/ P>T ( ?IS COMPILATION 7PAGES #a TO #b#h7 IS HIS RESPONSE4 

,HE WRITES1 0,MY CONTRIBUTION IS 9T5D$ TO DESCRIBE AN>*ISM AS IT APPE>S TO AN>*I/S 9 G5]AL1 9 ,BRITA9 AT ! 5D ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 ,! ?REE HEAD+S1 ',:AT AN>*I/S BELIEVE1 ,H[ AN>*I/S DIFF]1 ,:AT AN>*I/S DO1' >E TAK5 FROM ,NICOLAS ,WALT]'S #aifi PAMPHLET ,AB\T ,AN>*ISM1 & WAYS ( PUTT+ PO9TS >E LIFT$ FROM MANY O!R CONTEMPOR>Y AN>*I/S40 ,HE ADDS ?AT HE 0TAKES P]SONAL RESPONSIBILITY = ! OP9IONS & ]RORS04 

,FRE$OM ,PRESS >E RESPONSIBLE = ! SECOND P>T1 CONSI/+ ( EXC]PTS FROM ,FRE$OM ,PRESS TITLES 7EXCEPT = ?OSE ( ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON & ,GEORGE ,NI*OLSON1 :I* W]E NEV]!LESS PUBLI%$ 9 ,FRE$OM74 ,FEW ( !SE W]E WRITT5 0AT ! 5D ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY01 BUT WE >E CONFID5T ?AT POLITICALLY 9=M$ READ]S ( ! LEFT WILL RECOGNIZE !IR RELEVANCE TO TODAY'S SITUATION4 

,! ,M>XI/S1 :O UNTIL YE/]DAY PAID HOMAGE AT ! ,L59 ,MAUSOLEUM1 & >E N[ EI!R DISILLUSION$ OR WISE AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( COMMUNI/ DICTATOR%IP 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA1 >E REF]R$ TO PAGE #e#h1 TO ,MALATE/A'S PROPHETIC WORDS1 WRITT5 9 #a#i#b3 

TO A*IEVE COMMUNISM BE=E AN>*Y1 ?AT IS BE=E HAV+ CONQU]$ COMPLETE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIB]TY1 W\LD MEAN 7AS IT HAS MEANT 9 ,RUSSIA7 /ABILIZ+ ! MO/ HATEFUL TYRANNY1 TO ! PO9T :]E PEOPLE LONG = ! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 & TO RETURN LAT] 7AS WILL HAPP5 9 ,RUSSIA7 TO A CAPITALI/ SY/EM 4440 

,AS HAS HAPP5$ 9 ,RUSSIA6 

,AS DEMOCRATIC SOCIALISM ASPIRES TO ! VOTES ?AT W\LD SECURE (FICE & P[]1 IT MOVES TO CON=M TO POPUL> PREJUDICE1 & 9 ! PROCESS BECOMES MORE & MORE REMOTE FROM SOCIALISM4 ,MORE & MORE G5U9E SOCIALI/S >E RECOGNIZ+ ?AT !RE IS NO?+ LEFT ( SOCIALISM 9 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,:AT CAN !Y DO8 ,RE=M ! P>TY8 ,GO = PROPORTIONAL REPRES5TATION 7ANO!R ELECTORAL GIMMICK7 & 5D UP ) ! ,LIB]ALS8 ,/>T ANO!R P>TY8 ,REMEMB] ! ,GANG ( ,F\R :O W]E GO+ TO BREAK ! MOLD1 & HAVE 5D$ UP 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS1 & ,%IRLEY ,WILLIAMS LECTUR+ AT ,H>V>D6 

,! 0ROAD TO P[]0 IS NOT ! 0ROAD TO SOCIALISM04 ,= LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 !RE IS ONLY ONE 0ROAD01 & ?AT IS 9 ! 0POLITICAL WILD]NESS0 ) ! AN>*I/S1 KN[+ :]E WE WANT TO GO6 

,AN>*ISM1 AN ,9TRODUCTION 7BY ,DONALD ,RO\M7 

,:AT ,AN>*I/S ,BELIEVE 

,AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT ! PO9T ( SOCIETY IS TO WID5 ! *OICES ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?IS IS ! AXIOM UPON :I* ! AN>*I/ CASE IS F\ND$4 

,IF Y\ W]E ISOLAT$ Y\ W\LD /ILL HAVE ! HUMAN ABILITY TO MAKE DECISIONS1 BUT ! RANGE ( VIABLE DECISIONS W\LD BE SEV]ELY RE/RICT$ BY ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,SOCIETY1 H[EV] IT IS ORGANIZ$1 GIVES 9DIVIDUALS MORE OPPORTUNITIES1 & AN>*I/S ?9K ?IS IS :AT SOCIETY IS =4 ,!Y DO NOT ?9K SOCIETY ORIG9AT$ 9 SOME K9D ( CONSCI\S 0SOCIAL CONTRACT01 BUT SEE ! WID5+ ( 9DIVIDUAL *OICES AS ! FUNCTION ( SOCIAL 9/9CTS4 

,AN>*I/S /RIVE = A SOCIETY :I* IS AS EFFICI5T AS POSSIBLE1 ?AT IS A SOCIETY :I* PROVIDES 9DIVIDUALS ) ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE RANGE ( 9DIVIDUAL *OICES4 

,ANY SOCIAL RELATION%IP 9 :I* ONE P>TY DOM9ATES ANO!R BY ! USE ( ?REATS 7EXPLICIT OR TACIT1 REAL OR DELUSORY7 RE/RICTS ! *OICES ( ! DOM9AT$ P>TY4 ,OCCASIONAL1 TEMPOR>Y 9/ANCES ( CO]CION MAY BE 9EVITABLE2 BUT 9 ! OP9ION ( AN>*I/S1 E/ABLI%$1 9/ITUTIONALIZ$1 CO]CIVE RELATION%IPS >E BY NO MEANS 9EVITABLE4 ,!Y >E A SOCIAL BLI<T :I* EV]YONE %\LD TRY TO ELIM9ATE4 

,AN>*ISM IS OPPOS$ TO /ATES1 >MIES1 SLAV]Y1 ! WAGES SY/EM1 ! L&LORD SY/EM1 PRISONS1 MONOPOLY CAPITALISM1 OLIGOPOLY CAPITALISM1 /ATE CAPITALISM1 BUREAUCRACY1 M]ITOCRACY1 !OCRACY1 REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5TS1 PATRI>*Y1 MATRI>*Y1 MON>*Y1 OLIG>*Y1 PROTECTION RACKETS1 9TIMIDATION BY GANG/]S1 & EV]Y O!R K9D ( CO]CIVE 9/ITUTION4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 AN>*ISM OPPOSES GOV]NM5T 9 ALL ITS =MS4 

,9 A GOV]NM5T SOCIETY1 AN>*I/S MAY 9 PRACTICE APPLY TO ONE CO]CIVE 9/ITUTION = PROTECTION FROM ANO!R4 ,!Y MAY1 = 9/ANCE1 CALL ON ! LEGAL E/ABLI%M5T = PROTECTION AGA9/ RIVAL GOV]NM5TS LIKE VIOL5T CRIM9ALS1 BRUTAL BOSSES1 CRUEL P>5TS1 OR FRAUDUL5T POLICE4 0,DO AS ,I SAY OR ,I'LL SMA% Y\R FACE 90 IS (T5 A MORE FRI<T5+ ?REAT ?AN 0,P]SONS GUILTY ( NONCOMPLIANCE >E LIABLE TO A T]M ( IMPRISONM5T01 BECAUSE ! P]PETRATOR ( ! ?REAT IS LESS PR$ICTABLE4 ,BUT ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 DIFF]5T LEVELS & =MS ( CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS >E LESS SIGNIFICANT ?AN ! SIMIL>ITIES4 

,= DICTION>Y PURPOSES1 AN>*ISM MAY BE CORRECTLY DEF9$ AS OPPOSITION TO GOV]NM5T 9 ALL ITS =MS4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE A MI/AKE TO ?9K ( AN>*ISM AS ESS5TIALLY NEGATIVE4 ,! OPPOSITION TO GOV]NM5T >ISES \T ( A BELIEF AB\T SOCIETY :I* IS POSITIVE4 

,AN>*Y 

,! IDEAL ( AN>*ISM IS A SOCIETY 9 :I* ALL 9DIVIDUALS CAN DO :ATEV] !Y *OOSE1 EXCEPT 9T]F]E ) ! ABILITY ( O!R 9DIVIDUALS TO DO :AT !Y *OOSE4 ,?IS IDEAL IS CALL$ AN>*Y1 FROM ! ,GREEK AN>*IA1 MEAN+ ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,AN>*I/S DO NOT SUPPOSE ?AT ALL PEOPLE >E ALTRUI/IC1 OR WISE1 OR GOOD1 OR ID5TICAL1 OR P]FECTIBLE1 OR ANY ROMANTIC NONS5SE ( ?AT K9D4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT A SOCIETY )\T CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS IS FEASIBLE1 )9 ! REP]TOIRE ( NATURAL1 IMP]FECT1 HUMAN BEHAVIOR4 

,AN>*I/S DO NOT 0LAY D[N BLUEPR9TS = ! FREE SOCIETY04 ,!RE >E SCI5CE-FICTION /ORIES & O!R FANTASIES 9 :I* AN>*IES >E IMAG9$1 BUT !Y >E NOT PRESCRIB$4 ,ANY SOCIETY :I* DOES NOT 9CLUDE CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS WILL MEET ! AN>*I/ OBJECTIVE4 

,IT SEEMS CLE>1 H[EV]1 ?AT EV]Y CONCEIVABLE AN>*Y W\LD NE$ SOCIAL PRESSURE TO DISSUADE PEOPLE FROM ACT+ CO]CIVELY2 & TO PREV5T A P]SON FROM ACT+ CO]CIVELY IS TO LIMIT ?AT P]SON'S *OICES4 ,EV]Y SOCIETY IMPOSES LIMITS1 & !RE >E ?OSE :O >GUE1 ) ! AIR ( HAV+ AN UNANSW]ABLE >GUM5T1 ?AT ?IS MAKES AN>*ISM IMPOSSIBLE4 

,BUT AN>*Y IS NOT P]FECT FRE$OM4 ,IT IS ONLY ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 OR CO]CIVE E/ABLI%M5TS4 ,TO %[ ?AT P]FECT FRE$OM IS IMPOSSIBLE IS NOT TO >GUE AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 BUT SIMPLY TO PROVIDE AN 9/ANCE ( ! G5]AL TRU? ?AT NO?+ IS P]FECT4 

,( C\RSE1 ! FEASIBILITY ( AN>*Y CANNOT BE C]TA9LY PROV$4 0,IS AN>*Y PRACTICABLE801 IS A HYPO!TICAL QUE/ION1 :I* CANNOT BE ANSW]$ = C]TA91 UNLESS & UNTIL AN>*Y EXI/S4 ,BUT ! QUE/ION1 0,IS AN>*Y WOR? /RIV+ =801 IS AN E?ICAL QUE/ION1 & TO ?IS EV]Y AN>*I/ WILL C]TA9LY ANSW] YES4 

0,AN>*Y0 9 ! ,S5SE ( ,SOCIAL ,DISORD] 

,BESIDES BE+ US$ 9 ! S5SE IMPLI$ BY ITS ,GREEK ORIG91 ! WORD 0AN>*Y0 IS ALSO US$ TO MEAN UNSETTL$ GOV]NM5T1 DISORD]LY GOV]NM5T1 OR GOV]NM5T AT ITS CRUDE/ 9 ! =M ( 9TIMIDATION BY M>AUD+ GANGS 70MILIT>Y AN>*Y074 

,?IS USAGE IS ETYMOLOGICALLY IMPROP]1 BUT AS A MATT] ( HI/ORICAL FACT IT IS OLD] ?AN ! PROP] ONE4 ,! POET ,%ELLEY HELD OP9IONS :I* >E N[ CALL$ AN>*I/IC1 BUT 9 HIS POEM 0,A ,MASK ( ,AN>*Y1 WRITT5 ON ! ,OCCASION ( ! ,MASSACRE AT ,MAN*E/]01 HE USES ! ALLEGORICAL FIGURE ( 0,AN>*Y0 TO MEAN TYRANNY4 7,! POEM WAS PUBLI%$ SEV]AL YE>S AFT] IT WAS WRITT51 & BY ?AT TIME AN>*I/S W]E BEG9N+ TO CALL !MSELVES AN>*I/S47 

,BO? ! PROP] & IMPROP] MEAN+S ( ! T]M 0AN>*Y0 >E N[ CURR5T1 & ?IS CAUSES CONFUSION4 ,A P]SON :O HE>S GOV]NM5T BY M>AUD+ GANGS DESCRIB$ AS 0AN>*Y0 ON TELEVISION NEWS1 & !N HE>S AN AN>*I/ ADVOCAT+ 0AN>*Y01 IS LIABLE TO CONCLUDE ?AT AN>*I/S WANT GOV]NM5T BY M>AUD+ GANGS4 

,SOME AN>*I/S HAVE TRI$ TO OV]COME ! CONFUSION BY CALL+ !MSELVES SOME?+ DIFF]5T1 SU* AS AUTONOMI/S OR LIB]T>IANS1 BUT ! EFFECT HAS BE5 TO REPLACE ONE AMBIGUITY ) ANO!R4 0,AUTONOMY0 7:I* MEANS MAK+ ONE'S [N LAWS7 COMMONLY REF]S TO 0AUTONOM\S REGIONS01 SECOND>Y GOV]NM5TS TO :I* SOME P[]S >E DEVOLV$ FROM ! PR9CIPAL GOV]NM5T4 0,LIB]T>IAN0 IS US$ 9 ,AM]ICA TO MEAN ONE :O OPPOSES M9IMUM WAGES1 ON ! GR\NDS ?AT !Y R$UCE ! PR(ITS ( EMPLOY]S4 

,! SIMPLE/ WAY TO AVOID CONFUSION W\LD BE TO RES]VE ! T]M 0AN>*Y0 = ITS ETYMOLOGICALLY CORRECT MEAN+1 & CALL SOCIAL DISORD] BY SOME O!R T]M1 SU* AS 0SOCIAL DISORD]04 ,5LI<T5$ J\RNALI/S >E ALREADY FOLL[+ ?IS PRACTICE4 

,AN>*ISM & ,T]RORISM 

,! WORD 0T]RORISM0 MEANS PLANT+ BOMBS & %OOT+ PEOPLE = POLITICAL 5DS1 )\T LEGAL AU?ORITY4 ,W>S USE MU* BIGG] BOMBS1 KILL MANY MORE PEOPLE1 & CAUSE MU* MORE T]ROR1 BUT W>S DO NOT C\NT AS T]RORISM BECAUSE !Y >E P]PETRAT$ ) LEGAL AU?ORITY4 

,T]RORISM HAS BE5 US$ BY AN>*I/S4 ,IT HAS ALSO BE5 US$ BY ,CA?OLIC ,*RI/IANS1 ,PROTE/ANT ,*RI/IANS1 ,MOHAMM$ANS1 ,H9DUS1 ,SIKHS1 ,M>XI/S1 FASCI/S1 NATIONALI/S1 PATRIOTS1 ROYALI/S & REPUBLICANS4 

,! VA/ MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S1 AT ALL TIMES & PLACES1 HAVE OPPOS$ T]RORISM AS MORALLY REPUGNANT & C\NT]-PRODUCTIVE4 ,SO HAVE ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ,*RI/IANS & SO ON1 BUT 9 !IR CASES IT IS NOT NECESS>Y TO SAY SO4 ,9 ! CASE ( AN>*I/S IT NE$S TO BE EMPHASIZ$ ?AT !Y ABHOR T]RORISM1 BECAUSE MALICI\S & ILL-9=M$ P]SONS SOMETIMES PORTRAY AN>*I/S AS WILD-EY$ BOMB]S ) NO OP9IONS AT ALL1 JU/ AN 9SANE URGE TO DE/ROY4 

,! 0AN>*I/ BOMB-?R[]0 IS A FOLK-MY?1 MO/LY D]IV$ FROM LIT]ATURE4 ,IT WAS ORIG9AT$ 9 ! 0P5NY BLOODS0 ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 & REVIV$ ) GU/O BY ! WRIT]S ( 0BOYS' /ORIES0 9 ! E>LY #a#i#bS1 :5 W> WAS \T ( FA%ION BUT FICTITI\S H]OES /ILL NE$$ 5EMIES4 

,LET IT BE EMPHASIZ$4 ,ONLY A SMALL M9ORITY ( T]RORI/S HAVE EV] BE5 AN>*I/S1 & ONLY A SMALL M9ORITY ( AN>*I/S HAVE EV] BE5 T]RORI/S4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS A :OLE HAS ALWAYS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT SOCIAL RELATION%IPS CANNOT BE ASSASS9AT$ OR BOMB$ \T ( EXI/5CE4 

,SOME ,>GUM5TS = ,GOV]NM5T 

,! DIFFICULTY ( >GU+ ! AN>*I/ CASE TODAY HAS BE5 COMP>$ ) ! DIFFICULTY ( >GU+ ! A!I/ CASE 9 M$IEVAL ,EUROPE4 

,9 ! MIDDLE AGES PEOPLE NEV] WOND]$ :E!R ,GOD EXI/$2 !Y JU/ ASSUM$1 )\T EV] CONSID]+ ! MATT]1 ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ,GOD WAS SELF-EVID5T4 ,9 \R TIME PEOPLE NEV] ASK !MSELVES :E!R GOV]NM5T IS NECESS>Y2 !Y JU/ ASSUME ?AT ! NECESSITY IS SELF-EVID5T4 ,& :5 AN>*I/S QUE/ION ! NE$ = GOV]NM5T1 MANY PEOPLE FAIL TO UND]/& ! QUE/ION4 

,IT WAS ONCE PUT TO ME AS AN >GUM5T AGA9/ AN>*ISM1 ?AT 0IF EV]YONE C\LD *OOSE :AT TO DO1 NO-ONE W\LD ELECT TO JO9 ! >MY1 & ! C\NTRY W\LD BE UNDEF5D$04 ,MY 9T]LOCUTOR WAS NOT AN IDIOT1 BUT C\LD JU/ NOT IMAG9E A WORLD )\T 0C\NTRIES0 ?AT NE$$ >MIES TO DEF5D !M AGA9/ =EIGN]S4 

,BEMUS$ PEOPLE ASK H[ ANYONE C\LD BE 9DUC$ TO WORK IF !RE W]E NO CO]CION 70:O WILL CLEAN ! SEW]S8074 ,YET EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT BE+ =C$ TO DO ?+S IS NOT ! ONLY REASON = DO+ ?+S4 ,RI* PEOPLE :O CAN AF=D TO DO NO?+1 WORK]S 9 !IR 0[N0 TIME1 PEOPLE :O 5JOY !IR JOBS1 EV5 PEOPLE :O ASK H[ ANYONE C\LD BE 9DUC$ TO WORK IF !RE W]E NO CO]CION1 DO ?+S = O!R REASONS4 

,PEOPLE :O WORK 9 SEW]S HAVE TOLD ME !Y >E PR\D ( ! IMPORTANCE ( !IR JOB4 ,PEOPLE DO ?+S BECAUSE !Y 5JOY DO+ !M1 OR >E PR\D ( !IR SKILL1 OR FEEL EMPA?Y ) ! SUFF]+1 OR >E ADMIR$ = :AT !Y DO1 OR GET BOR$ DO+ NO?+4 

,FE> ( ! LA%1 OR P5URY1 OR HELLFIRE1 IS NOT NE$$ = 9DUC+ PEOPLE TO DO USEFUL ?+S4 ,IT IS NE$$ TO MAKE PEOPLE 5DURE ! /RESSFUL 9DIGNITY :I* WORK+-CLASS PEOPLE CALL 0WORK03 RESPONSIBILITY )\T P[]1 PO9TLESS DRUDG]Y1 BE+ TALK$ D[N TO BY MORONS4 ,AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT EV]Y?+ WOR? DO+ CAN BE DONE )\T 0WORK04 

,MANY PEOPLE CONFUSE GOV]NM5T ) ORGANIZATION1 :I* MAKES !M SUPPOSE ?AT AN>*I/S >E AGA9/ B& LEAD]S & >*ITECTS4 ,BUT ORGANIZ]S & LEAD]S >E NOT ! SAME AS BOSSES4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE NO OBJECTION TO PEOPLE FOLL[+ 9/RUCTIONS1 PROVID$ !Y DO SO VOLUNT>ILY4 

,SOME :O CONC$E ?AT ORGANIZATION OCCURS )\T GOV]NM5T 9SI/ ?AT GOV]NM5T IS NECESS>Y = L>GE OR COMPLEX ORGANIZATION4 ,PEOPLE 9 AN>*Y1 !Y SAY1 C\LD ORGANIZE !MSELVES UP TO ! LEVEL ( AGR>IAN VILLAGES1 BUT C\LD NOT 5JOY ! B5EFITS ( HYDRO-ELECTRIC S*EMES & WEA!R SATELLITES4 ,AN>*I/S1 ON ! O!R H&1 SAY ?AT PEOPLE CAN ORGANIZE !MSELVES FREELY TO DO ANY?+ !Y ?9K WOR?:ILE4 ,GOV]NM5T ORGANIZATION IS ONLY NE$$ :5 ! JOB TO BE ORGANIZ$ HAS NO ATTRACTION = ?OSE :O DO IT4 

,GOV]NM5T IS EV5 ?\<T BY SOME TO BE RESPONSIBLE = PAIR-BOND+4 ,UNTIL QUITE REC5TLY A C\PLE MI<T LIVE TOGE!R = YE>S & BR+ UP A FAMILY1 YET !IR LOVE W\LD /ILL BE CLASS$ AS A CASUAL AFFAIR IF !Y DID NOT HAVE A M>RIAGE LIC5SE FROM ! /ATE4 

,ANO!R DAFT >GUM5T = GOV]NM5T IS ?AT PEOPLE >E NOT WISE OR ALTRUI/IC 5\< TO MAKE !IR [N DECISIONS1 & !RE=E NE$ A GOV]NM5T TO MAKE DECISIONS = !M4 ,! ASSUMPTION BEH9D ?IS CONT5TION IS1 EI!R ?AT ! GOV]NM5T DOES NOT CONSI/ ( PEOPLE1 OR ?AT ! PEOPLE 9 GOV]NM5T >E SO WISE & ALTRUI/IC ?AT !Y CAN NOT ONLY MAKE !IR [N DECISIONS1 BUT ALSO MAKE DECISIONS = O!RS4 ,BUT EV]YONE CAN SEE ?AT GETT+ 9TO P[] DOES NOT REQUIRE WISDOM OR ALTRUISM2 ! ESS5TIAL QUALIFICATION IS TO BE KE5 ON GETT+ 9TO P[]4 

,A P>TICUL> 9/ANCE ( ! >GUM5T1 ?AT PEOPLE >E NOT RESPONSIBLE 5\< TO MAKE !IR [N DECISIONS1 IS ! CONT5TION ?AT *ILDR5 NE$ 0DISCIPL9E0 TO PREV5T !M FROM GR[+ UP ANTI-SOCIAL4 ,AN>*I/S HAVE COMP>$ ?IS TO ! OLD >GUM5T ?AT BABIES NE$ TO BE TI<TLY B\ND1 TO PREV5T !M FROM 9JUR+ !MSELVES BY KICK+4 

,IT IS HUNDR$S ( YE>S S9CE SWADDL+ B&S HAVE BE5 US$1 BUT !RE HAS /ILL NOT BE5 A S+LE 9/ANCE ( A BABY 9JUR+ ITSELF BY KICK+4 ,NOR HAS !RE BE5 AN 9/ANCE ( A *ILD BE+ SPOIL$ BY ! ROD BE+ SP>$4 ,*ILDR5 B5EFIT FROM A /ABLE 5VIRONM5T1 BUT ?AT IS NOT ! SAME AS AN AU?ORIT>IAN ONE4 

,GOV]NM5TS AS ,/EPS T[>DS ,AN>*Y 

,!RE >E !ORIES ON BO? ! LEFT & RI<T ( POLITICS1 :I* ADVOCATE A PLANN$ SEQU5CE ( SOCIETIES1 CULM9AT+ 9 AN>*Y BUT BEG9N+ ) A NEW K9D ( AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETY4 

,BE/ KN[N ( !SE IS CLASSICAL ,M>XISM1 :I* HOLDS ?AT ! /ATE WILL WI!R AWAY1 :5 PEOPLE >E SO EQUAL & 9T]DEP5D5T ?AT !Y NO LONG] NE$ RE/RA9T4 ,! FIR/ /EP T[>DS ?IS GOAL IS TO IMPOSE A V]Y /RONG GOV]NM5T1 ( PEOPLE ( GOOD WILL :O ?OR\<LY UND]/& ! !ORY4 

,:]EV] ,M>XI/S HAVE SEIZ$ P[]1 !Y HAVE BEHAV$ LIKE O!R PEOPLE 9 P[]4 ,M>XI/S ACCUSE !M ( BETRAY+ ! REVOLUTION1 BUT AN>*I/S ?9K ! PRESSURES ( P[] MAKE ALL BOSSES BEHAVE 9 SUB/ANTIALLY ! SAME WAY4 7,! AN>*I/ ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$ AS E>LY AS #ahfg ?AT ,M>XI/ GOV]NM5T W\LD BE 0SLAV]Y & BRUTALITY047 

,!RE >E SELF-/YL$ 0AN>*O-CAPITALI/S0 7NOT TO BE CONFUS$ ) AN>*I/S ( ANY P]SUASION71 :O WANT ! /ATE ABOLI%$ AS A REGULATOR ( CAPITALISM1 & GOV]NM5T H&$ OV] TO CAPITALI/S4 ,MANY GO NO FUR!R1 BUT SOME SEE ! CONC5TRATION ( P[] 9 ! H&S ( CAPITALI/S AS ! FIR/ /EP T[>DS A SOCIETY :]E EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL IS HIS OR H] [N BOSS4 

,O!R =MS ( GOV]NM5T ADVOCAT$ AS 9T]M$IATE /EPS ON ! ROAD TO AN>*Y >E WORLD GOV]NM5T1 PROLIF]ATION ( SMALL 9DEP5D5T /ATES1 GOV]NM5T BY PRIE/S1 & GOV]NM5T BY DELEGATES ( TRADE UNIONS4 

,! AN>*I/S1 & ! AN>*I/S ALONE1 WANT TO GET RID ( GOV]NM5T AS ! FIR/ /EP 9 ! PROGRAM4 

,?IS DOES NOT MEAN !Y SUPPOSE GOV]NM5T CAN BE ABOLI%$ OV]NI<T4 ,IT MEANS !Y ?9K ! IDEA ( $UCAT+ PEOPLE = FRE$OM1 BY 9TIMIDAT+ !M 9TO SUBMISSION1 IS AN ABSURD IDEA4 ,AN>*I/S /RUGGLE = FRE$OM FROM CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS BY OPPOS+ CO]CIVE 9/ITUTIONS4 

,UNTIL & UNLESS A SOCIETY FREE ( GOV]NM5T EXI/S1 NOBODY CAN BE ABSOLUTELY C]TA9 ?AT SU* A SOCIETY IS FEASIBLE4 ,IF IT IS NOT1 !N ,M>XI/S & O!RS :O SET UP A /RONG GOV]NM5T 9 ! HOPE ( ELIM9AT+ GOV]NM5T1 DO NOT JU/ FAIL TO ATTA9 !IR OBJECTIVE1 BUT 5D UP ) MORE ( :AT !Y W]E HOP+ TO ELIM9ATE4 ,AN>*I/S AT LEA/ GIVE !MSELVES A *ANCE ( 5D+ UP ) A SOCIETY FRE] ?AN IT W\LD O!RWISE HAVE BE54 

,RE=MI/S MEASURE PROGRESS BY H[ NE> !Y >E TO ATTA9+ P[]4 ,AN>*I/S MEASURE PROGRESS BY ! EXT5T TO :I* PROHIBITIONS & 9EQUALITIES >E R$UC$1 & 9DIVIDUAL OPPORTUNITIES 9CREAS$4 

,! ,ORIG9 ( ,GOV]NM5T 

,= MO/ ( ITS EXI/5CE1 ! 5TIRE HUMAN SPECIES LIV$ BY =AG+4 ,MOD]N =AG+ SOCIETIES 9HABIT WIDELY DIFF]5T 5VIRONM5TS1 9 RA9 =E/S1 TROPICAL DES]TS & ! ,>CTIC4 ,NEV]!LESS !Y HAVE SIMIL> WAYS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 SO IT SEEMS REASONABLE TO SUPPOSE ?AT PREHI/ORIC =AG]S W]E SIMIL>LY ORGANIZ$4 

,!RE >E NO RUL]S1 BOSSES1 *IEFTA9S1 OR ELECT$ C\NCILS4 ,DAY-TO-DAY DECISIONS >E MADE BY CONS5SUS4 ,! RULES ( GOOD BEHAVIOR >E DECID$ BY CU/OM & CONS5SUS1 & 5=C$ BY :AT SOME AN?ROPOLOGI/S CALL 0DIFFUSE SANCTIONS04 

,AN>*I/S DO NOT ADVOCATE RETURN TO A =AG+ ECONOMY1 BUT USE ! FACT ?AT \R ANCE/ORS LIV$ = A MILLION YE>S )\T GOV]NM5T AS EVID5CE ?AT SOCIETIES )\T GOV]NM5T >E VIABLE4 

,?IS LEAVES AN>*I/S ) A QUE/ION TO BE ANSW]$4 ,IF ! FIR/ HUMAN SOCIETIES W]E AN>*IES1 !N ! FIR/ GOV]NM5T MU/ HAVE >IS5 \T ( AN>*Y4 ,H[ CAN ?IS HAVE HAPP5$8 

,!RE IS NO HI/ORICAL RECORD ( ! EV5T1 BECAUSE WRIT+ WAS NOT 9V5T$ UNTIL GOV]NM5TS W]E WELL E/ABLI%$4 ,BUT !RE >E PLAUSIBLE CONJECTURES1 CONSI/5T ) >*AEOLOGICAL & AN?ROPOLOGICAL EVID5CE4 

,F>M+ PEOPLE1 UNLIKE =AG+ PEOPLE1 NE$ TO PR$ICT ! CYCLE ( SEASONS1 SO ?AT !Y KN[ :5 TO DO ! PLANT+4 ,= E>LY F>M]S1 ! ME?OD ( PR$ICTION WAS TO OBS]VE & REMEMB] ! MOVEM5TS ( ! />S1 A SKILL$ JOB :I* MU/ BE DONE :5 MO/ PEOPLE >E ASLEEP4 ,P]HAPS E>LY F>M]S HAD SPECIALI/S 9 WEA!R PR$ICTION4 ,P]HAPS !SE SPECIALI/S ACQUIR$ A REPUTATION = ACTUALLY CONTROLL+ ! WEA!R1 & W]E GIV5 PRIVILEGES 9 RETURN = 5SUR+ ?AT ! SEASONS FOLL[$ ! REQUIR$ SEQU5CE4 

,A REPUTATION = MAGICAL P[] DOES NOT 9 ITSELF1 H[EV]1 MAKE ANYONE 9TO A BOSS4 ,AN>*I/S SEE A MORE LIKELY ORIG9 ( GOV]NM5T 9 SY/EMATIC ROBB]Y4 

,E>LY F>M]S W]E PROBABLY H>ASS$ BY =AG]S1 :O W\LD ( C\RSE REG>D A FIELD ( CROPS AS A BONANZA4 ,!RE MAY ALSO HAVE BE5 EX-F>M]S TURN$ ROBB]S BECAUSE !IR CROPS HAD FAIL$4 ,P]HAPS SOME ( ! ROBB]S LE>N$ TO TAKE ONLY P>T ( ! PRODUCE1 LEAV+ ! F>M]S 5\< TO LIVE ON4 ,P]HAPS !Y MADE !MSELVES TOL]ABLE TO ! F>M]S BY DRIV+ O!R W\LD-BE ROBB]S AWAY4 

,ANYWAY1 BY ! TIME WRIT+ WAS 9V5T$ ! FUNCTIONS ( WEA!R CONTROLL] & ROBB]-DEF5D] W]E COMB9$ 9 ! SAME P]SON4 ,A =MIDABLE COMB9ATION ( MAGIC & CO]CION4 

,ALL OV] ! WORLD1 !RE W]E ROYAL FAMILIES CONSID]$ TO BE DEMIGODS1 & A MEMB] ( ! ROYAL FAMILY WAS *OS5 TO BECOME A GOD OR ! MESS5G] ( ,GOD1 *IEF PRIE/1 ABSOLUTE RUL]1 LAW-GIV]1 & SUPREME COMM&] ( ! >M$ =CES4 

,MON>*Y REMA9$ ! UNIV]SAL =M ( TOP GOV]NM5T = ?\S&S ( YE>S1 & MO/ /ATES RETA9 SOME ( ! RITUAL TRAPP+S ( MON>*Y4 

,DEMOCRACY 

0,GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE1 BY ! PEOPLE1 = ! PEOPLE0 IS A POETIC PHRASE :I* USES 0! PEOPLE0 9 ?REE DIFF]5T S5SES3 ! PEOPLE AS A COLLECTION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 ! PEOPLE AS ! MAJORITY1 & ! PEOPLE AS A S+LE 5TITY4 ,9 PROSAIC T]MS1 IT MEANS P[] OV] 9DIVIDUALS1 EX]CIS$ BY ! MAJORITY ?R\< ITS ELECT$ (FIC]S1 = ! B5EFIT ( ! :OLE POPULATION4 ,?IS IS ! IDEAL ( DEMOCRACY4 

,VOT]S 9 A DEMOCRATIC ELECTION CONTRIBUTE TO ! *OICE ( :O %ALL EX]CISE P[] ON BEHALF ( ! MAJORITY1 & 9 DO+ SO CONS5T TO BE RUL$ BY :OEV] ! MAJORITY *OOSES4 

,= FIVE ?\S& YE>S1 MON>*Y WAS ! M>K ( CIVILIZATION4 ,9 LESS ?AN TWO HUNDR$ YE>S1 ! NORM ( CIVILIZATION HAS BECOME DEMOCRACY4 ,MILIT>Y USURP]S US$ TO CLAIM1 EI!R ?AT ! ?RONE WAS RI<TFULLY !IRS1 OR ?AT !Y W]E ACT+ ON BEHALF ( ! MON>*4 ,MILIT>Y DICTATORS TODAY CLAIM1 EI!R ?AT !Y HAVE A M&ATE FROM ! PEOPLE1 OR ?AT !Y >E GO+ TO ORGANIZE ELECTIONS :5 ORD] HAS BE5 RE/OR$4 

,IT US$ TO BE G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ ?AT PEOPLE HAD A DUTY TO SURR5D] !IR P[] UNCONDITIONALLY TO A H]$IT>Y MON>*4 ,N[ ! ACCEPT$ =M IS = CITIZ5S TO SURR5D] !IR P[] P]IODICALLY1 TO RUL]S *OS5 BY MAJORITY VOT+4 

,AN>*I/S >E AGA9/ ! SURR5D] ( P[]1 & !RE=E AGA9/ DEMOCRACY4 ,NOT JU/ AGA9/ ! P]V]SION ( DEMOCRACY 7?\< ?AT IS (T5 M5TION$71 BUT AGA9/ ! DEMOCRATIC IDEAL4 ,!Y DO NOT WANT PEOPLE TO GIVE P[] TO :OEV] !Y *OOSE2 !Y WANT PEOPLE TO KEEP !IR P[] = !MSELVES4 

,MAK+ ,PROGRESS ,T[>DS ,AN>*Y 

,AN>*I/S >E EXTREME LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/S1 0LIB]T>IAN0 MEAN+ ! DEM& = FRE$OM FROM PROHIBITION1 & 0SOCIALI/0 MEAN+ ! DEM& = SOCIAL EQUALITY4 

,FRE$OM & EQUALITY >E SOMETIMES REPRES5T$ AS ANTAGONI/S1 BUT AT ! EXTREMES !Y CO9CIDE4 ,COMPLETE FRE$OM IMPLIES EQUALITY1 S9CE IF !RE >E RI* & POOR1 ! POOR CANNOT BE P]MITT$ TO TAKE LIB]TIES ) RI*ES4 ,COMPLETE EQUALITY IMPLIES FRE$OM1 S9CE ?OSE :O SUFF] RE/RICTIONS CANNOT BE ! EQUALS ( ?OSE :O IMPOSE !M4 

,AN>*I/S WILL NOT BE CONT5T ) ANY?+ LESS ?AN COMPLETE FRE$OM & COMPLETE EQUALITY1 BUT !Y DO NOT HAVE AN ALL-OR-NO?+ ATTITUDE4 ,!Y VALUE P>TIAL FRE$OM & P>TIAL EQUALITY4 ,?IS IS %[N BY ! ANGRY 5?USIASM ) :I* AN>*I/S HAVE AGITAT$ AGA9/ ! ,POLL ,TAX1 ! COMM]CIALIZATION ( ! ,NATIONAL ,HEAL? ,S]VICE1 ANTI-IMMIGRATION LAWS1 BAD PRISON CONDITIONS1 & ! IMPRISONM5T ( 9NOC5T P]SONS4 

,AN>*I/S DO NOT1 H[EV]1 HELP ANYONE TO TAKE P[]4 ,!Y DO NOT D5Y ! S9C]ITY ( ?OSE :O WI% TO USE P[] = ! IMPROVEM5T ( SOCIETY1 BUT NOBODY CAN USE P[] = ANY?+1 UNLESS !Y FIR/ OBTA9 IT4 ,! FIR/ AIM ( PEOPLE SEEK+ P[]1 :ATEV] !Y 9T5D TO DO ) IT1 MU/ BE TO GET & KEEP AS MU* P[] AS POSSIBLE4 ,AS A GUIDE TO ACTION1 AN>*I/S ASSUME ?AT ! FIR/ AIM ( P[]-SEEK]S IS ! ONLY AIM4 ,?IS IS NOT ! :OLE TRU?1 BUT IT IS CLOSE 5\< = PRACTICAL PURPOSES4 

,! AN>*I/ /RATEGY = IMPROV+ SOCIETY IS TO 9FLU5CE PUBLIC OP9ION4 ,9 ! LONG RUN1 RUL]S NE$ ! CONS5T ( ! RUL$4 ,NO GOV]NM5T1 H[EV] DESPOTIC1 CAN KEEP GO+ IF IT GETS TOO MU* \T ( TUNE ) PUBLIC ATTITUDES4 ,IF 5\< ORD9>Y PEOPLE >E DET]M9$ ON SOME P>TICUL> RELAXATION ( GOV]NM5T1 !N ! GOV]NM5T MU/ EI!R CONC$E OR FALL4 

,A SUBTLE 9DICATOR ( AN>*I/ SUCCESS IS A GRADUAL DIM9UTION ( RESPECT = AU?ORITY G5]ALLY4 

,A MORE OBVI\S1 BUT P>ADOXICAL 9DICATOR ( SUCCESS 9 AN>*I/ 5DEAVORS 79 ALLIANCE ) ?OSE SEEK+ P>TICUL> P>TIAL FRE$OMS7 IS LEGISLATION1 = 9/ANCE ! ,ACTS ( ,P>LIAM5T 5D+ CONSCRIPTION1 OR PROHIBIT+ CORPORAL PUNI%M5T 9 S*OOLS4 ,APOLOGI/S = GOV]NM5T REPRES5T SU* LEGISLATION AS A B5EFIT ( GOV]NM5T4 ,AS AN>*I/S P]CEIVE IT1 H[EV]1 GOV]NM5TS REFUSE TO GIVE UP ANY P[] AT ALL1 EXCEPT AS AN ALT]NATIVE TO LOS+ P[] 5TIRELY4 ,:5 !Y >E =C$ TO SURR5D] A LITTLE1 !Y >E A/UTE 5\< NOT TO DO SO ) A GRUDG+ EXPRESSION1 BUT TO WE> A SMILE ( G5]OSITY4 

,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ASSEMBLY1 FRE$OM FROM UTT] P5URY1 FRE$OM ( ACCESS TO WAT] & M$IC9E1 :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 CONSID]$ UTOPIAN DREAMS 9 ?IS C\NTRY A C\PLE ( C5TURIES AGO1 >E N[ CONSID]$ ORD9>Y4 ,9 ! AN>*I/ VIEW1 !SE FRE$OMS W]E NOT GIV5 BY K9DHE>T$ RUL]S1 BUT CONC$$ BY BOSSES :O FELT ?REAT5$4 ,& PUBLIC PRESSURE MU/ BE MA9TA9$1 TO DET] ! BOSSES FROM TAK+ BACK :AT !Y HAVE CONC$$4 

,BY & L>GE1 ! /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY CON=MS TO :AT MO/ PEOPLE ?9K IS RI<T4 ,IF MO/ PEOPLE >E P]SUAD$ BY A SMALL P>T ( ! AN>*I/ MESSAGE1 ! RESULT IS A SMALL LESS5+ ( PROHIBITIONS OR 9EQUALITIES1 A SMALL WID5+ ( 9DIVIDUAL *OICES4 ,! *ANGE MAY OCCUR PEACEFULLY1 OR IT MAY TAKE AN 9SURRECTION4 ,! NEW /RUCTURE ( SOCIETY !N BECOMES ! ORD9>Y /RUCTURE1 FROM :I* PEOPLE MAY BE P]SUAD$ TO DEM& A FUR!R WID5+ ( *OICES4 

,EV]Y AN>*I/ W\LD LIKE EV]YONE 9 ! WORLD TO BE SUDD5LY P]SUAD$ ( ! :OLE ( ! AN>*I/ MESSAGE1 & = ! *ANGE FROM OPPRESSION TO AN>*Y TO HAPP5 9 A S+LE1 FANTA/IC1 REVOLUTION>Y LEAP4 ,BUT AS REALI/S1 AN>*I/S ALSO VALUE CREEP+ PROGRESS 9 ! RI<T DIRECTION4 

,H[ ,AN>*I/S ,DIFF] 

,MISAPPLICATIONS ( ! ,T]M 0,AN>*I/0 

,AN AN>*I/ IS ONE :O OPPOSES GOV]NM5T 9 ALL ITS =MS4 ,BUT SOMETIMES ! T]M 0AN>*I/0 IS MISAPPLI$ TO P]SONS :O DO NOT 9 ! LEA/ CON=M TO ! DEF9ITION4 

,SOMETIMES 0AN>*I/0 IS WRONGLY US$ = PEOPLE :O USE ILLEGAL MEANS = POLITICAL 5DS :I* >E NOT AN>*I/4 ,GUY ,FAWKES1 = 9/ANCE1 IS SOMETIMES DESCRIB$ AS AN AN>*I/1 AL?\< HIS AIM WAS TO REPLACE ! OPPRESSIVE ,5GLI% REGIME ) ONE RESEMBL+ ! ,SPANI%1 :I* WAS EV5 MORE OPPRESSIVE4 ,A REC5T ,BRITI% GR\P1 GIV5 TO DE/ROY+ MAGAZ9ES 9 BOOK%OPS1 CALL$ !MSELVES 0AN>*I/S0 AL?\< !IR AIM WAS AN 9CREASE 9 C5SOR%IP4 

,ANO!R MISAPPLICATION ( ! T]M 0AN>*I/0 IS TO ANYONE BLOODY-M9D$LY FIX$ 9 !IR OP9IONS4 ,I ONCE HE>D A DRUNK ON A BUS1 L\DLY ADVOCAT+ ALL SORTS ( AU?ORIT>IAN MEASURES1 9CLUD+ CONSCRIPTION1 CAPITAL PUNI%M5T1 & 0S5D ! F>K9 WOGS BACK01 ) OCCASIONAL REPETITIONS ( 0,IF ANYONE DISAF>K+REES1 LET 'EM F>K+ DISAGREE4 ,I A9'T F>K9 9RI/ID1 ,I'M A F>K9 AN>*I/04 

,!RE >E ALSO 0AN>*I/ ' POSEURS1 LIKE ! S>TORIAL /YLI/S :O PA9T ,A-9-A-CIRCLE SYMBOLS ON !IR LEA!R JACKETS )\T HAV+ ! LEA/ 9T]E/ 9 AN>*ISM AS AN IDEA1 & WRONGLY SELF-/YL$ 0AN>*I/S0 70AN>*O-CAPITALI/S07 :O WANT TO ABOLI% ! /ATE AS A REGULATORY & WELF>E 9/ITUTION1 BUT DO NOT OPPOSE CAPITALI/ OPPRESSION4 

,DIFF]5CES AMONG ,REAL ,AN>*I/S 

,AN>*ISM1 PROP]LY DEF9$1 EMBRACES A WIDE RANGE ( DIFF]5T OP9IONS1 BUT DIFF]5CES ( OP9ION DO NOT 9 !MSELVES LEAD TO SPLITS 9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,PACIFI/ AN>*I/S WORK ALONGSIDE ADVOCATES ( CLASS VIOL5CE1 A!I/S ALONGSIDE MY/ICS1 ) OCCASIONAL HEAT$ >GUM5TS BUT )\T RANCOR4 

,LET ME NOT GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT AN>*I/S NEV] QU>REL4 ,!RE >E DEEP & DAMAG+ SPLITS1 9 :I* AN>*I/S SLAG EA* O!R (F AS *EATS1 LI>S1 ?IEVES1 AG5TS ( ! SECRET POLICE1 & REPULSIVE P]SONS G5]ALLY4 ,BUT ! BASIS ( SU* SPLITS IS P]SONAL ANTAGONISM1 & IT IS R>E 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T = P]SONAL QU>RELS TO BE MASQU]AD$ AS DOCTR9AL DISPUTES4 

,9TELLECTUALI/S & ,WORK]I/S 

,! DIFF]5CE :I* MO/ (T5 CAUSES AN>*I/S TO SEP>ATE 9TO DIFF]5T GR\PS IS A DIFF]5CE1 NOT ( POLITICAL OP9ION1 BUT ( PRES5TATIONAL /YLE4 ,SOME AN>*I/S LIKE TO PRES5T AN>*ISM BY EXPLA9+ ! IDEAS & >GU+ ! CASE4 ,O!RS >E IMPATI5T ( >GUM5T1 PREF]R+ BLUNT /ATEM5TS & CALLS TO WORK+-CLASS ACTION4 

,9 BANT]1 !Y HAVE REF]R$ TO EA* O!R AS 0PEOPLE :O LIKE TO ?9K ( !MSELVES AS 9TELLECTUALS01 & 0PEOPLE :O LIKE TO ?9K ( !MSELVES AS WORK+-CLASS04 

,! DIFF]5CE IS NOT ONE ( SOCIAL CLASS OR $UCATIONAL BACKGR\ND4 0,9TELLECTUALI/S0 9CLUDE MANUAL WORK]S :OSE =MAL $UCATION /OPP$ AT COMPULSORY S*OOL-LEAV+ AGE OR BE=E1 9TELLECTUAL ONLY 9 ! S5SE ( 9TELLIG5T & ?\<TFUL4 0,WORK]I/S0 9CLUDE HI<LY $UCAT$ 9DIVIDUALS FROM RI* FAMILIES1 WORK+-CLASS ONLY 9 ! S5SE ?AT AT SOME TIME OR O!R !Y HAVE BE5 PAID1 OR EXPECT TO BE PAID1 = DO+ SOME?+4 

,:]E !RE >E AN>*I/S 9 SUFFICI5T NUMB]S1 9TELLECTUALI/S & WORK]I/S T5D TO ORGANIZE SEP>ATELY4 ,!Y EX*ANGE JOCUL> 9SULTS1 BUT 9 G5]AL !Y RESPECT EA* O!R'S DIFF]5T TA/ES1 & RECOGNIZE ?AT !Y COMPLEM5T EA* O!R'S EF=TS BY ADDRESS+ DIFF]5T AUDI5CES4 ,:5 IT SEEMS USEFUL1 ! WORK TOGE!R AMICABLY 5\<4 

,9DIVIDUAL ,AN>*ISM ,I,S ,CLASS-,/RUGGLE ,AN>*ISM 

,MANY AN>*I/S CALL !MSELVES BY SECOND>Y LABELS4 ,SOME1 SU* AS 0PACIFI/ AN>*I/0 & 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/01 9DICATE A DIFF]5CE ( OP9IONS FROM O!R AN>*I/S4 ,O!RS1 SU* AS 0AN>*I/ COMMUNI/0 & 0AN>*I/ SOCIALI/0 >E JU/ !RE TO DI/+UI% P]SONS ( AN>*I/ P]SUASION FROM P]SONS TO :OM ! T]M 0AN>*I/0 IS MISAPPLI$4 

,9 MOD]N P>LANCE1 0CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/0 & 09DIVIDUAL AN>*I/0 >E LABELS ( ! LATT] TYPE4 

,A HUNDR$ YE>S AGO1 09DIVIDUALISM0 WAS US$ TO MEAN COMPETITIV5ESS1 & SELF-/YL$ 09DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S0 HAD IDEAS SOME?+ LIKE ?OSE ( ! 0AN>*O-CAPITALI/S0 ( \R TIME4 ,TODAY1 ! T]M 09DIVIDUALI/0 IS APPLI$ TO AN>*I/S :O EMPHASIZE ! IMPORTANCE ( 9DIVIDUALS4 

,MU* MORE REC5TLY1 ! T]M 0CLASS-/RUGGLE0 WAS US$ BY ADH]5TS ( AN AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICAL MOVEM5T :I* D5I$ ! IMPORTANCE ( 9DIVIDUALS & EXTOLL$ A FACELESS AMALGAM1 SIGNIFICANTLY CALL$ 0! MASSES04 ,?OSE :O N[ CALL !MSELVES 0CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S01 H[EV]1 >E SIMPLY AN>*I/S :O EMPHASIZE ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ OPPRESSION CAN ONLY BE WON BY OPPRESS$ 9DIVIDUALS ACT+ ON !IR [N BEHALF4 

,SELF-/YL$ CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S & SELF-/YL$ 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/S >E NOT 9 DISAGREEM5T4 ,! DIFF]5T *OICE ( LABELS 9DICATES NO MORE ?AN A DIFF]5CE ( EMPHASIS4 ,!Y SOMETIMES ?9K !Y DISAGREE1 & SUSPECT ! BONA FIDES ( EA* O!RS' AN>*ISM1 BUT ?IS IS 5TIRELY ! RESULT ( OBSOLETE WORD ASSOCIATIONS4 

,IT MAY BE CONJECTUR$ ?AT ?OSE :O /YLE !MSELVES CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S T5D TO ! 0WORK]I/0 TA/E1 & 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S TO ! 09TELLECTUALI/02 BUT IF SU* A CORRELATION EXI/S AT ALL1 IT IS C]TA9LY NOT EXACT4 ,SOME TACITURN ACTIVI/S CALL !MSELVES 9DIVIDUALI/S1 & SOME SELF-/YL$ CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S DELI<T 9 HAIRSPLITT+ V]BOSITY4 

,REVOLUTION>Y ,VIOL5CE & ,PACIFI/ ,AN>*ISM 

,) A FEW EXCEPTIONS1 AN>*I/S >E AGRE$ ?AT W>S BETWE5 GOV]NM5TS %\LD NEV] BE SUPPORT$1 & ?AT GR\P VIOL5CE IS ACCEPTABLE ONLY IF IT IS US$ 9 FUR!RANCE ( ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION4 ,! DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION IS AB\T H[ MU* VIOL5CE IS USEFUL4 

,AT ONE EXTREME >E ?OSE :O >GUE ?AT ! REVOLUTION CAN ONLY SUCCE$ IF IT 9VOLVES NO VIOL5CE :ATEV]4 ,!Y CONT5D ?AT A SOCIETY E/ABLI%$ BY VIOL5T DEFEAT ( ! BOSSES C\LD ONLY BE MA9TA9$ BY VIOL5T SUPPRESSION ( ! EX-BOSSES4 ,!RE=E VIOL5CE CANNOT LEAD TO AN>*Y1 BUT ONLY TO A *ANGE ( BOSSES4 

,AT ! O!R EXTREME >E ?OSE :O HOLD ?AT ANY FI<T+ BETWE5 WORK+-CLASS PEOPLE & ! =CES ( AU?ORITY1 :ATEV] ! IMM$IATE MOTIVE & :OEV] W9S1 CONTRIBUTES TO ! REVOLUTION BY %[+ ?AT ! BOSSES CAN BE RESI/$4 ,AN>*I/S ( ?IS P]SUASION HAVE SOMETIMES JO9$ PEACEFUL DEMON/RATIONS & TRI$ TO PROVOKE ! POLICE 9TO ATTACK+ ! DEMON/RATORS4 7,AN>*I/S >E SOMETIMES SAID TO HAVE CAUS$ RIOTS BY 9/RUCT+ PEACEFUL DEMON/RATORS TO ATTACK ! POLICE4 ,?IS IS A RIDICUL\S ACCUSATION4 ,IF PEOPLE RIOT IT IS BECAUSE !Y >E ANGRY1 NOT BECAUSE SOMEONE TELLS !M TO RIOT47 

,BETWE5 ! EXTREMES ( PACIFISM & BELLICOSITY1 MO/ AN>*I/S ?9K VIOL5CE IS USEFUL AT SOME TIMES BUT C\NT]-PRODUCTIVE AT O!R TIMES4 ,9 G5]AL !Y DISLIKE VIOL5CE BECAUSE IT IS LIKELY TO 5D 9 DEFEAT OR 9JURY1 BUT !Y APPLAUD SUCCESSFUL RIS+S1 = 9/ANCE ! DEFEAT ( ,CEAUSESCU 9 ,ROMANIA4 

,AN>*I/S HAVE (T5 JO9$ >M$ RESI/ANCE GR\PS AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & AN>*I/ >MIES F\<T 9 ,UKRA9E & ,MEXICO 9 ! #a#i#bS1 9 ,SPA9 9 ! #a#i#cS1 & 9 ,KOREA UND] ,JAPANESE OCCUPATION 9 ! #a#i#dS4 ,9 ?OSE C\NTRIES N[1 ! COMMON /]EOTYPE ( AN AN>*I/ IS NOT A 0MAD BOMB]0 BUT A FRE$OM FI<T]4 

,!RE >E AN>*I/S N[ ALIVE1 :O VOLUNTE]$ TO FI<T AGA9/ ,FRANCO 9 ,SPA91 W5T TO PRISON RA!R ?AN JO9 ! ,BRITI% >MY TO FI<T ,HITL]1 & VOCIF]\SLY OPPOS$ ! REC5T W> AGA9/ ,SADDAM ,HUSSE94 ,!Y MI<T BE ACCUS$ ( 9CONSI/5CY1 9 ?AT !Y TOOK >MS AGA9/ ONE DICTATOR1 BUT REFUS$ TO TAKE >MS AGA9/ TWO O!RS EQUALLY BAD4 

,9 FACT1 H[EV]1 !IR ATTITUDE IS QUITE CONSI/5T1 BECAUSE IT IS POSITIVE4 ,!Y ACT ON !IR P]CEPTION ( :AT W>S >E =1 RA!R ?AN :AT !Y >E AGA9/4 ,! /AT$ OBJECTIVE ( ! W> AGA9/ ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9 WAS TO RE/ORE ! MON>*Y 9 ,KUWAIT4 ,! /AT$ OBJECTIVE ( ! W> AGA9/ ,HITL] WAS TO PRES]VE ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE4 ,! /AT$ OBJECTIVE ( ! AN>*I/ FI<T]S 9 ,SPA9 WAS A FREE SOCIETY4 ,( !SE1 ONLY ! OBJECTIVE ( ! ,SPANI% W> WAS CONSID]$ WOR? FI<T+ =4 

,WORK]S' ,CONTROL & ,AN>*O-,SYNDICALISM 

,ALL AN>*I/S BELIEVE 9 WORK]S' CONTROL1 9 ! S5SE ( 9DIVIDUALS DECID+ :AT WORK !Y DO1 H[ !Y WORK1 & :O !Y WORK )4 ,?IS FOLL[S LOGICALLY FROM ! AN>*I/ BELIEF ?AT NOBODY %\LD BE SUBJECT TO A BOSS4 

0,WORK]S' CONTROL0 IS ALSO US$ ) ANO!R MEAN+1 ?AT ( P[] BE+ VE/$ 9 ! WORK]S COLLECTIVELY1 & EX]CIS$ 9 PRACTICE BY ELECT$ (FIC]S ( ! WORK]S4 ,?IS IDEA IS CALL$ SYNDICALISM1 FROM SYDICAT1 ! ,FR5* = TRADE UNION4 

,ELABORATE CON/ITUTIONS HAVE BE5 9V5T$1 = SYNDICALI/ SY/EMS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,TYPICALLY !RE >E TO BE WORKPLACE COMMITTEES CONSI/+ ( DIRECTLY ELECT$ DELEGATES1 LOCAL COMMITTEES CONSI/+ ( DELEGATES FROM WORKPLACE COMMITTEES1 & SO ON UP ! PYRAMID TO A DELEGATE COMMITTEE :I* HAS OV]ALL CONTROL ( 9DU/RY4 ,DELEGATES >E ALSO S5T TO LOCAL & NATIONAL LEGISLATURES4 ,! PYRAMID /RUCTURE 5SURES ?AT ELECTORS AT DIFF]5T LEVELS KN[ !IR DELEGATES P]SONALLY1 & DELEGATES CAN BE RECALL$ AT ANY TIME1 :I* PREV5TS !M FROM MAK+ DECISIONS CONTR>Y TO ! ELECTORS' WI%ES4 

,! PURPOSE ( SU* PROPOS$ CON/ITUTIONS IS NOT AN>*I/IC BUT DEMOCRATIC2 NOT TO GET RID ( GOV]NM5T1 BUT TO MAKE GOV]NM5T ACC\NTABLE4 

,A LOOS] MEAN+ ( SYNDICALISM1 H[EV]1 IS QUITE COMPATIBLE ) AN>*ISM4 ,?IS IS SIMPLY TO USE ! P[] ( ! TRADE UNIONS1 NOT JU/ TO SECURE BETT] WAGES & CONDITIONS1 BUT TO BR+ AB\T REAL SOCIAL *ANGE4 ,IF ! SOCIAL *ANGE IS T[>DS AN>*Y1 ?IS IS CALL$ AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 

,MANY AN>*I/S ACTIVE 9 TRADE UNIONS >E AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S4 ,O!R AN>*I/ TRADE UNIONI/S1 H[EV]1 DISAGREE ) AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,!Y CONT5D ?AT AN EFFECTIVE TRADE UNION MU/ 9CLUDE WORK]S ( EV]Y POLITICAL P]SUASION1 :]EAS AN EFFECTIVE MOVEM5T = SOCIAL *ANGE MU/ RE/RICT ITS MEMB]%IP TO ?OSE :O FAVOR SOCIAL *ANGE4 

,AN>*ISM & ,RELIGION 

,! RELIGI\S OR ANTI-RELIGI\S OP9IONS ( MO/ AN>*I/S >E 9T]TW9$ ) !IR POLITICAL BELIEFS4 

0,NEI!R ,GOD NOR MA/]0 IS A TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ SLOGAN1 EXPRESS+ ! BELIEF ?AT ,GOD IS A LIE1 9V5T$1 TO MAKE SLAV]Y BE>ABLE4 ,MANY AN>*I/S W]E A!I/S FIR/ & BECAME AN>*I/S LAT]1 AFT] REJECTION ( DIV9E AU?ORITY HAD CLE>$ ! PA? = REJECTION ( HUMAN AU?ORITY4 

,MANY AN>*I/S EMBRACE CONSCI\S EGOISM1 ! DOCTR9E ?AT IT IS ABSURD TO CALL %AME ON SELFI%NESS1 BECAUSE SELFI%NESS IS UNAVOIDABLE4 ,! UNIV]SE HAS NO ABSOLUTE C5T]2 = A S5TI5T BE+1 ! PRACTICAL C5T] ( ! UNIV]SE IS ! PO9T FROM :I* ! UNIV]SE IS P]CEIV$3 ! SELF4 ,= ,GOD 7IF ,GOD EXI/S71 ! C5T] ( ! UNIV]SE IS ,GOD4 ,= ME1 ! C5T] ( ! UNIV]SE IS ME4 

,! NOTION ( A SUPREME ,DEITY1 0A TYRANT 9 ,HEAV501 IS CONSID]$ AN EXCUSE = TYRANTS ON ,E>?1 BY AN>*I/S :O >E A!I/S1 CONSCI\S EGOI/S1 HUMANI/S1 & AGNO/ICS4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 !RE >E AN>*I/S = :OM ! WOR%IP ( ,GOD IS ! V]Y BASIS ( !IR AN>*ISM4 ,!Y MAY BELIEVE ?AT HUMAN AU?ORITY IS AN AFFRONT TO DIV9E AU?ORITY4 ,OR !Y MAY BELIEVE ON RELIGI\S GR\NDS ?AT W> IS WRONG1 & ON EMPIRICAL GR\NDS ?AT W> IS 9SEP>ABLE FROM GOV]NM5T4 

,!RE >E ,*RI/IAN1 ,BUDDHI/1 ,JEWI%1 ,TAOI/1 ,H9DU & ,NEOPAGAN AN>*I/S1 = ALL ( :OM AN>*ISM & RELIGION >E 9EXTRICABLE1 AS SURELY AS AN>*ISM & ANTI-RELIGION >E 9EXTRICABLE = O!R AN>*I/S4 ,ONE ,NEOPAGAN HAS DESCRIB$ ! SUMM] SOL/ICE GA!R+ AS 0! PR9CIPAL EV5T 9 ! AN>*I/ CAL5D>04 

,AN>*ISM IMPLIES TOL]ANCE ( DIFF]5T BELIEFS1 SO LONG AS ?OSE BELIEFS DO NOT 9VOLVE CO]CION4 ,RELIGI\S & ANTI-RELIGI\S AN>*I/S MAY >GUE1 BUT !Y DO NOT REJECT EA* O!R4 ,!RE >E ?OSE1 H[EV]1 :O ?9K ! T]M 0,*RI/IAN AN>*I/0 AN ABSURD SELF-CONTRADICTION4 

,ANIMALS 

,AN>*I/S >E AV]SE TO SUFF]+1 & MO/ >E CONC]N$ TO PREV5T SUFF]+ 9 NON-HUMAN ANIMALS AS WELL AS HUMANS4 ,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 AN>*I/S :O W]E ALSO VEGET>IANS & VEGANS1 & MO/ MEAT-EAT+ AN>*I/S TAKE AN 9T]E/ 9 HUMANE SLAU<T]4 

,REC5TLY !RE HAS DEVELOP$ AN ANIMAL WELF>E MOVEM5T :I* GOES BEYOND ANIMAL WELF>E TO ANIMAL LIB]ATION1 & ) IT A S*OOL ( AN>*I/ ?\<T :I* SEES HUMAN LIB]ATION AS A SPECIAL CASE ( ANIMAL LIB]ATION4 

,COMMUNISM1 ,COLLECTIVISM1 ,MUTUALISM 

,AL?\< AN>*I/S >E C>EFUL NOT TO 0LAY D[N BLUEPR9TS = ! FREE SOCIETY01 !Y HAVE >GUM5TS AB\T :AT K9D ( SOCIAL >RANGEM5TS >E COMPATIBLE ) FRE$OM FROM AU?ORITY4 ,SOME AN>*I/S >E COMMUNI/S 9 ! /RICT S5SE1 MA9TA9+ ?AT ALL GOODS %\LD BE HELD 9 COMMON4 ,O!RS ALL[ PRIVATE [N]%IP AT 9DIVIDUAL & COMMUNITY LEVEL1 BUT NOT [N]%IP ( A FACTORY 9 :I* NON-[N]S DO ! WORK1 OR [N]%IP ( L& ON :I* NON-[N]S PAY R5T4 ,PROP]TY 9 ?AT S5SE IS SE5 AS !FT4 

,B>T] IS REJECT$ BY AN>*I/S1 AS ANY SY/EM :I* EX*ANGES GOODS ( EQUAL VALUE IS DESIGN$ TO MAKE SURE ! RI* REMA9 RI* & ! POOR1 POOR4 ,MONEY IS ALSO REJECT$ BY MO/ AN>*I/S1 AS NO MORE ?AN A SY/EM ( TRADE TOK5S = ! SIMPLIFICATION ( B>T]4 

,SOME AN>*I/S1 H[EV]1 BELIEVE ?AT ! BANK+ SY/EM IS FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! B>T] SY/EM1 & ?AT MONEY1 NOT AS TRADE TOK5S BUT AS BANK+ UNITS1 IS ESS5TIAL = ANY COMPLEX ECONOMIC UND]TAK+4 ,!Y ?9K A C5TRAL BANK NE$ NOT BE A CO]CIVE 9/ITUTION1 & MU/ BE A FEATURE ( ANY AN>*Y MORE COMPLEX ?AN A S]IES ( SELF-SUFFICI5T AGR>IAN COMMUNITIES4 

,?IS IDEA1 CALL$ COLLECTIVISM OR MUTUALISM1 IS NOT ACCEPT$ BY V]Y MANY AN>*I/S TODAY1 BUT WAS EMBRAC$ BY MANY N9ETE5? C5TURY AN>*I/S :OSE WORK IS /ILL PUBLI%$ & RESPECT$4 

,OPTIMI/S & ,PESSIMI/S 

,AN>*I/S HAVE DIFF]5T OP9IONS AB\T H[ CLOSELY & H[ QUICKLY ! IDEAL ( AN>*Y CAN BE A*IEV$4 

,IT SEEMS TO SOME Y\NG AN>*I/S ?AT AN>*ISM IS SO S5SIBLE & OBVI\S ?AT EV]YBODY MU/ AGREE ) ! IDEA AS SOON AS !Y HE> AB\T IT4 ,!SE Y\NG AN>*I/S >E CONV9C$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION CAN BE COMPLET$ )9 A %ORT TIME1 IF IT IS URG$ ) 5\< 5]GY4 

,AN>*I/S :O HAVE BE5 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T = SOME TIME FEEL COMPELL$ TO RECOGNIZE ?AT SOCIETY IS RESI/ANT TO RAPID *ANGE4 ,! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION HAS BE5 URG$ = WELL OV] A C5TURY1 BUT FEW HAVE BE5 CONV9C$ & PROGRESS IS V]Y SL[4 

,!RE >E V>I\S RESPONSES TO ?IS RECOGNITION4 ,SOME RETIRE FROM ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 DISILLUSION4 

,O!RS JU/ RETIRE !IR POLITICAL ?9K+ FROM ! REAL WORLD1 & P]SI/ WILLY-NILLY 9 ! CONVICTION ?AT ONE ( !SE DAYS1 ! WORK]S WILL SUDD5LY UND]/& ! MESSAGE & GOV]NM5T WILL BE ABOLI%$ 9 A TW9KL+4 ,!RE IS A GR\P ID5TIFI$ BY SOME AS AN>*I/S 7?\< !Y REJECT ! T]M !MSELVES71 :OSE PR9CIPAL ACTIVITY IS TO MEET REGUL>LY & REIT]ATE !IR FAI? 9 ! COM+1 SUDD51 WORLD REVOLUTION1 9 ! MANN] ( A RELIGI\S GR\P REIT]AT+ !IR FAI? 9 ,GOD4 

,!RE >E AN>*I/S :O BELIEVE ?AT W>S & W> PREP>ATIONS1 P5URY1 9TOL]ANCE1 OPPRESSION & O!R FEATURES ( GOV]NM5T >E P]MAN5T FEATURES ( SOCIETY1 & ?AT !RE=E ! ONLY ROLE = AN>*I/S IS 0P]MAN5T PROTE/01 CALL+ ATT5TION TO ! 9JU/ICES ( SOCIETY )\T HOP+ TO *ANGE ANY?+ MU*4 

,A MORE OPTIMI/IC IDEA IS ?AT 0! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION IS N[04 ,SOCIETY IS NOT P]MAN5TLY FIX$1 BUT 9 A P]MAN5T /ATE ( TRANSITION1 MO/LY SL[ BUT OCCASIONALLY RAPID4 ,SOME *ANGES MAKE GOV]NM5T /RONG] & SOME MAKE IT WEAK]2 BUT = ! PA/ FEW C5TURIES1 IT CAN BE >GU$1 ! OV]ALL TR5D ( SOCIAL *ANGE HAS BE5 9 ! DIRECTION ( WID] 9DIVIDUAL *OICES4 

,NOBODY MAKES ! IMPLAUSIBLE CLAIM ?AT AN>*I/ AGITATION HAS BE5 SOLELY1 OR MA9LY1 RESPONSIBLE = ?IS B5EFICIAL *ANGE4 ,BUT OPTIMI/IC1 0REVOLUTION-IS-N[0 AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT AN>*ISM HAS MADE1 & IS /ILL MAK+1 A USEFUL CONTRIBUTION4 

,:AT ,AN>*I/S ,DO 

,?IS *APT] IS 9T5D$ TO DESCRIBE 9 G5]AL T]MS1 )\T GIV+ NAMES1 :AT GOES ON 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,BRITA9 9 ! LATT] P>T ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY4 

,H[ ,MANY ,AN>*I/S ,>E ,!RE8 

,! SIZE ( AN>*I/ MOVEM5TS HAS V>I$ FROM PLACE TO PLACE & FROM TIME TO TIME4 ,AT SOME TIMES & PLACES ! NUMB]S HAVE BE5 OV]E/IMAT$1 AS PEOPLE NOT ( ! AN>*I/ P]SUASION HAVE JO9$ AN>*I/ >MIES1 TRADE UNIONS AN SO ON1 & HAVE BE5 9CLUD$ AS AN>*I/S 9 ! /ATI/ICS4 ,9 ?IS C\NTRY N[1 ! NUMB]S MAY WELL BE UND]E/IMAT$4 

,! LI/$ MEMB]%IP ( ! SEV]AL NATIONAL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS IS A FEW HUNDR$ AT MO/4 ,! NUMB] ( P>TICIPANTS 9 ! #aiib ANTI-ELECTION RALLY 9 ,TRAFALG> ,SQU>E WAS V>I\SLY E/IMAT$ AT #ge & #a1#b4 ,! TOTAL CIRCULATION ( AN>*I/ P]IODICALS IS LESS ?AN ?IRTY ?\S&1 9CLUD+ ?OSE SOLD TO NON-AN>*I/S4 ,JUDG+ BY !SE 9DICATORS1 ! AN>*I/S >E A M9USCULE M9ORITY4 

,O!R 9DICATORS1 H[EV]1 SUGGE/ RA!R L>GE NUMB]S4 

,9 ! LATE #a#i#eS & E>LY #a#i#fS1 L>GE NUMB]S ( PEOPLE M>*$ FROM ,ALD]MA/ON TO ,LONDON OV] ! ,EA/] WEEK5DS1 9 PROTE/ AGA9/ ATOMIC WEAPONS4 ,AT FIR/ EV]YONE M>*$ AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 BUT LAT] ! P>TICIPAT+ GR\PS W]E 9VIT$ BY ! ORGANIZ]S TO C>RY BANN]S4 ,MORE ?AN ONE 9 =TY ( ! M>*]S !N DECL>$ !MSELVES TO BE AN>*I/S4 

,IT SEEMS FAIR TO EXTRAPOLATE FROM ?IS ?AT AN>*I/S NUMB]$ MORE ?AN ONE 9 =TY ( ALL ?OSE 9 FAVOR ( NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T1 P]HAPS ONE P] C5T ( ! TOTAL POPULATION4 

,S9CE AB\T #aih ONE ( ! POLL+ ORGANIZATIONS1 ,I,C,M1 HAS RECORD$ ! NUMB]S ( ?OSE :O1 :5 ASK$ H[ !Y 9T5D TO VOTE1 DECL>E ?AT !Y WILL NOT VOTE AT ALL4 ,! PROPORTION ( REFUS]S-TO-VOTE HAS SELDOM FALL5 BEL[ SEV5 P] C5T4 

,!RE >E MANY REASONS = REFUS+ TO VOTE1 BUT IT SEEMS A CONS]VATIVE E/IMATE ?AT ONE 9 SEV5 ( ! REFUS]S1 OR MORE ?AN ONE P] C5T ( ! POPULATION1 REFUSE TO VOTE = ! AN>*I/ REASON ?AT 0IT ONLY 5C\RAGES !M04 

,IF IT IS CORRECT ?AT ! AN>*I/S >E BETWE5 ONE & TWO P] C5T ( ! ADULT POPULATION1 !N !RE >E AB\T HALF A MILLION ( !M2 A SMALL M9ORITY1 BUT NOT A M9USCULE M9ORITY4 

,! EXP]I5CE ( MO/ AN>*I/S IS ?AT !Y HAD LIV$ = SOME TIME BE=E !Y 5C\NT]$ AN>*ISM AS A S]I\S IDEA1 SO IT SEEMS LIKELY ?AT ! NUMB] ( UNWITT+ & POT5TIAL AN>*I/S IS L>G] ?AN ! NUMB] ( SELF-ID5TIFI$ AN>*I/S4 

,H[ ,OLD ,>E ,AN>*I/S8 

,MEMB]S ( AN>*I/ GR\PS >E MO/LY Y\NG 7UND] #c#e71 SOME OLD 7OV] #e71 & ONLY A FEW ( MIDDLE AGE4 ,Y\NG AN>*I/S (T5 CONCLUDE ?AT !RE MU/ HAVE BE5 A DECL9E 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T A C\PLE ( DECADES PA/1 OR EV5 ?AT AN>*ISM IS A V]Y REC5T IDEA2 BUT ?IS IS A WRONG CONCLUSION4 ,! AGE PR(ILE ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAS BE5 ! SAME = FIFTY YE>S AT LEA/4 

,:AT HAPP5S IS ?AT AN>*I/S 9 !IR MIDDLE YE>S /OP ATT5D+ AN>*I/ GR\P MEET+S1 AS !IR TIME IS TAK5 UP ) RAIS+ FAMILIES & PURSU+ C>E]S4 ,!Y DO NOT /OP BE+ AN>*I/S OR >GU+ ! AN>*I/ CASE1 BUT !Y BECOME LESS CONSPICU\S4 ,LAT]1 :5 !Y HAVE MORE SP>E TIME1 SOME BUT NOT ALL ( !M REAPPE> 9 ! CONSPICU\S MOVEM5T4 

,AT FIR/ SI<T POLITICAL P>TIES APPE> V]Y DIFF]5T1 9 ?AT !IR MO/ CONSPICU\S MEMB]S >E ( MIDDLE AGE4 ,BUT !SE MIDDLE AG$ ACTIVI/S >E 9 FACT PAID ORGANIZ]S & C>E] POLITICIANS4 ,! AGE PR(ILE ( UNPAID VOLUNTE]S 9 POLITICAL P>TIES IS AB\T ! SAME AS ?AT ( ! CONSPICU\S AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,WE MAY CONCLUDE ?AT ! APP>5T %ORTAGE ( MIDDLE-AG$ AN>*I/S IS CAUS$ BY ! ABS5CE ( JOBS & C>E]S 9 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 

,BECAUSE IT IS ALWAYS TRUE ?AT MO/ MEMB]S ( AN>*I/ GR\PS >E Y\NG1 ! MOVEM5T IS ALWAYS 5?USIA/IC1 5]GETIC & FULL ( FRE% IDEAS4 ,= ! SAME REASON IT LACKS PATI5CE & HAS LITTLE S5SE ( ITS [N HI/ORY4 

,SOMETIMES A NEW AN>*I/ GR\P IS F\ND$ :]E !RE WAS A FL\RI%+ GR\P A FEW YE>S E>LI]1 & ! NEW GR\P KN[S NO?+ :ATEV] ( ! E>LI] GR\P4 ,EX-MEMB]S ( ! E>LI] GR\P LOOK ON APPROV+LY1 BUT DO NOT 9TRODUCE !MSELVES BECAUSE !Y >E BUSY ) !IR [N AFFAIRS4 

,Y\NG PEOPLE 9 A MOVEM5T :]E NE>LY EV]YBODY IS Y\NG CAN TAKE DECISIONS ON !IR [N1 :I* IS ONE REASON :Y OLD] AN>*I/S REFRA9 FROM 9T]F]+4 ,9EXP]I5CE & ! OV]-OPTIMISM *>ACT]I/IC ( Y\? CAUSE A FEW FAILURES4 ,!RE >E 0MASS MEET+S0 AT :I* ONLY ! ORGANIZ]S TURN UP BECAUSE !Y HAVE NOT BE5 PUBLICIZ$1 & MAGNIFIC5T PUBLICITY CAMPAIGNS = BOOK FAIRS1 = :I* NOONE HAS ?\<T TO BOOK A HALL4 ,ON ! :OLE1 H[EV]1 Y\NG AN>*I/S ORGANIZE !MSELVES QUITE WELL4 

,H[ ,AN>*I/S ,>E ,ORGANIZ$8 

,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T CONSI/S ( AUTONOM\S GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,!Y PUBLI% & DI/RIBUTE LIT]ATURE1 ORGANIZE MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS1 RUN COMMUNES OR FREE S*OOLS OR ADVICE C5T]S OR CLUBS1 & DISCUSS AN>*ISM AMONG !MSELVES4 ,SOME GR\PS DO ALL !SE ?+S1 SOME JU/ ONE4 ,!Y MAY BE NAM$ = A LOCALITY1 OR ! FUNCTION !Y *OOSE TO P]=M 70,SU* & SU* ,PRESS GR\P071 OR BY SOME FANCIFUL NAME4 

,AS WELL AS CASUAL CONTACTS BETWE5 GR\PS1 !RE >E SEV]AL 9=MAL BUT DELIB]ATE COMMUNICATION NETWORKS1 & ?REE OR F\R 0NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS0 :I* CONSI/ 9 PRACTICE ( AUTONOM\S GR\PS 9 REGUL> COMMUNICATION1 :O SOMETIMES AGREE ON COMMON RESOLUTIONS & TAKE JO9T RESPONSIBILITY = PUBLICATIONS4 

,A FEW GR\PS HAVE =MAL MEMB]%IP1 BUT ?IS IS NOT USUAL4 ,= ! MO/ P>T1 ! MEMB]S ( A GR\P >E ?OSE :O >E ACTIVE 9 IT4 ,!RE >E 9DIVIDUALS 9T]MITT5TLY ACTIVE1 ( :OM NOBODY IS SURE :E!R !Y >E MEMB]S ( ! GR\P OR NOT4 ,MANY >E MEMB]S ( SEV]AL GR\PS SIMULTANE\SLY4 

,!RE >E TWO AN>*I/ ME?ODS ( ORGANIZ+ ACTIVITIES )9 ! GR\P4 ,ONE IS = ! MEMB]S TO DISCUSS :AT !Y %ALL DO & >RIVE AT A CONS5SUS1 OR OCCASIONALLY A MAJORITY DECISION4 ,! O!R1 EQUALLY AN>*I/IC1 IS = AN 5]GETIC 9DIVIDUAL TO DECL>E AN 9T5TION ( DO+ SOME?+1 & 9VITE O!RS TO JO9 94 ,SU* 0PRIME MOV]S0 MAY BE FLAMBOYANT OR RETIR+4 ,!Y MAY OR MAY NOT BE DESIGNAT$ FUNCTION>IES LIKE SECRET>IES OR CONV5]S4 ,(T51 ONLY ! MEMB]S ( ! GR\P KN[ :O !Y >E4 

,MIDDLE-AG$ AN>*I/S1 9 TEMPOR>Y RETIREM5T FROM CONSPICU\S ACTIVITY1 (T5 MA9TA9 CONTACT BY SUBSCRIB+ TO A P]IODICAL OR DI/RIBUTION NETWORK1 OR MEMB]%IP ( A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION4 

,AN>*I/ ,LIT]ATURE 

,A SEV5-YE> OLD ASK$ H] AN>*I/ P>5TS1 0,DO AN>*I/S HAVE TO SELL BOOKS80 

,S9CE ADVANCES 9 PR9T+ TE*NOLOGY 9 ! #a#i#gS MADE PUBLICATION LESS EXP5SIVE1 BOOKS1 PAMPHLETS1 P]IODICALS & FREE LEAFLETS HAVE BECOME ! MO/ VISIBLE ( AN>*I/ ACTIVITIES4 ,SOME GR\PS PUBLI% LIT]ATURE AS ONE ( MANY ACTIVITIES & SOME 79CLUD+ 0GR\PS0 CONSI/+ ON ONE 9DIVIDUAL7 SPECIALIZE 9 PUBLI%+4 ,PR9T+ IS SOMETIMES BY AMATEURS1 SOMETIMES BY LOCAL REPROGRAPHY %OPS1 & SOMETIMES BY AN AN>*I/ WORK]S' COOP]ATIVE :I* IS A FL\RI%+ COMM]CIAL PR9T]4 

,! /&>D ( BOOKS & PAMPHLETS IS GOOD4 ,!RE >E MANY REPR9TS ( WELL-TRI$ AN>*I/ WORKS4 ,NEW WORK IS G5]ALLY WELL WRITT5 &1 IF IT 9CLUDES ILLU/RATIONS1 WELL DRAWN4 ,PRODUCTION IS (T5 V]Y *EAP TO KEEP ! PRICE D[N1 BUT ) A FEW AWFUL EXCEPTIONS ! PRODUCT IS NEAT & LEGIBLE4 

,! /&>D ( AN>*I/ P]IODICALS V>IES FROM EXCELL5T TO ABYSMAL4 ,!RE >E SEV]AL USEFUL =TNI<TLY1 MON?LY1 & QU>T]LY MAGAZ9ES & NEWSPAP]S1 SOME NATIONAL & SOME LOCAL4 ,SOME COMMUNITY MAGAZ9ES1 & SOME SPECIALI/ NEWSLETT]S1 HAVE A REGUL> AN>*I/ 9PUT4 ,!RE >E ALSO NUM]\S1 %ORT-LIV$ AN>*I/ FANZ9ES :OSE *IEF M]IT IS ?AT !Y GIVE !IR PRODUC]S ! EXP]I5CE ( WRIT+ & PUBLI%+4 

,!RE >E PO/]S & FREE LEAFLETS1 SOME PUBLI%$ 9 CONNECTION ) SPECIFIC EV5TS1 & SOME 9T5D$ TO BE TIMELESS4 ,LIKE ! P]IODICALS1 !Y V>Y FROM EXCELL5T TO RUBBI%4 

,?REE GR\PS1 SEP>ATELY ORGANIZ$ BUT REGUL>LY COOP]AT+1 N[ UND]TAKE ! DI/RIBUTION ( AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE FROM PUBLI%]S 9 ,BRITA9 & O!R ,5GLI%-LANGUAGE C\NTRIES1 TO COMM]CIAL & RADICAL BOOK%OPS EV]Y:]E4 

,COMM]CIAL PUBLI%]S PRODUCE OCCASIONAL AN>*I/ WORKS1 BUT 9 ?IS C\NTRY NO AN>*I/ PUBLI%] OR DI/RIBUTOR MAKES A NET PR(IT4 ,IF !RE >E ANY GROSS PR(ITS1 !Y >E RE9VE/$4 ,DI/RIBUTORS USE !IR PR(ITS TO SUBSIDIZE PUBLI%+4 

,REC5TLY !RE HAVE BE5 ONE OR TWO ILLEGAL AN>*I/ RADIO /ATIONS4 ,!RE >E SOME PUBLI%$ RECORD+S1 & A FEW EXCELL5T VIDEOS1 MO/LY PRODUC$ BY /UD5TS US+ COLLEGE EQUIPM5T4 ,NO D\BT WE %ALL SEE MORE ( !SE1 AS EQUIPM5T BECOMES MORE ACCESSIBLE4 

,AN>*I/ LIT]ATURE IS SOLD 9 COMM]CIAL BOOK%OPS & RADICAL BOOK%OPS 9CLUD+ AN>*I/ %OPS4 ,OCCASIONAL AN>*I/ BOOK/ALLS >E PUT UP AT MEET+S1 GIGS1 & FE/IVALS1 & 9 COLLEGES & SOMETIMES /REET M>KETS4 ,!RE >E ALSO AN>*I/ MAIL-ORD] BOOK S]VICES4 

,!RE >E BOOK FAIRS1 AT :I* AN>*I/S CONGREGATE TO SELL LIT]ATURE 7& SOME TEE-%IRTS1 BADGES & SNACKS7 L>GELY1 BUT NOT EXCLUSIVELY1 TO EA* O!R4 ,! OLDE/ E/ABLI%$ ( !SE1 ! ANNUAL ,AN>*I/ ,BOOKFAIR 9 ,LONDON1 IS ! MA9 REGUL> AN>*I/ GA!R+4 

,MEET+S & ,DEMON/RATIONS 

,BE=E TELEVISION BECAME COMMON1 /REET-CORN] SOAPBOX ORATORY WAS A POPUL> 5T]TA9M5T & !RE W]E SOME BRILLIANT AN>*I/ ORATORS4 ,TODAY1 AS F> AS ,I KN[1 !RE >E NO REGUL> \TDOOR AN>*I/ MEET+S4 ,!RE >E REGUL> 9DOOR PUBLIC MEET+S1 :]E AL?\< ! PUBLIC IS 9VIT$1 MO/ ( ?OSE :O ACTUALLY ATT5D >E AN>*I/S4 

,AN>*I/S >E MORE (T5 SE5 9 DEMON/RATIONS ORGANIZ$ BY O!R GR\PS1 AIM$ AT LIMIT$ & SPECIFIC WID5+ ( 9DIVIDUAL *OICES4 ,9 PROCESSIONS :]E BANN]S >E C>RI$1 AN>*I/ GR\PS MAY ID5TIFY !MSELVES1 BUT AN>*I/S (T5 JO9 DEMON/RATIONS AS UNLABEL$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,!Y 9CLUDE MIDDLE-AG$ AN>*I/S 9 0TEMPOR>Y RETIREM5T0 FROM ! CONSPICU\S MOVEM5T4 

,AN>*I/S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 9VOLV$ 9 CAMPAIGNS = NUCLE> DIS>MAM5T4 ,!Y W]E AMONG ?OSE :O ORGANIZ$ ! SECOND ,ALD]MA/ON ,M>* 7! FIR/ WAS BY A LONE PACIFI/71 & TOOK P>T 9 ! ?IRD & SUBSEQU5T ONES ORGANIZ$ BY ,C,N,D 7:I* WAS UNTIL #aifd AN AFFILIATE ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY74 ,!Y W]E HEAVILY 9VOLV$ 9 ! ,COMMITTEE ( #a :I* DEMON/RAT$ AGA9/ ! ,BOMB BY OB/RUCT+ TRAFFIC1 & PRIM>ILY RESPONSIBLE = ! 0,SPIES = ,PEACE0 :O DISCOV]$ & REVEAL$ ! SECRET NUCLE> %ELT]S CALL$ ,REGIONAL ,SEATS ( ,GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y TOOK P>T 9 SOME ( ! 0,PEACE ,CAMPS0 AT ! GATES ( NUCLE> WEAPONS BASES4 ,A GR\P ( AN>*I/S W5T \T 9 A D+HY TO MEET ! FIR/ ,AM]ICAN NUCLE> SUBM>9E TO BE /ATION$ 9 A ,SCOTTI% LO*1 & ACTUALLY SUCCE$$ 9 L&+ ON ITS DECK4 

,ALD]MA/ON M>*ES >E NO LONG] ANNUAL EV5TS1 BUT !RE WAS ONE 9 #aihi 9 :I* MANY AN>*I/S TOOK P>T AS 9DIVIDUALS1 & ON ! LA/ DAY A L>GE NUMB] ( !M SUDD5LY PRODUC$ WIRE CUTT]S & ATTACK$ ! F5CE >\ND ! ,ALD]MA/ON SITE4 ,?IS ACTION HAD BE5 >RANG$ 9 ADVANCE ?R\< AN AN>*I/ NETWORK4 ,LAT] AN AN>*I/ CAME ACROSS AN OBSCURE JUDICIAL RUL+ ?AT A NUCLE> WEAPONS E/ABLI%M5T HAD A PUBLIC RI<T ( WAY ?R\< IT1 & A GR\P ( AN>*I/S EMB>ASS$ ! GU>DS BY 9SI/+ ON !IR LEGAL RI<T TO WALK ?R\< ! F5C$ >EA4 

,:5 ,NIREX1 ! QUANGO RESPONSIBLE = DISPOS+ ( WA/E FROM NUCLE> 5]GY PLANTS1 OP5$ 09=MATION C5T]S0 9 PLACES :]E !Y 9T5D$ TO DUMP WA/]1 ONE AN>*I/ DEMON/RAT$1 +5I\SLY & CONV9C+LY1 ?AT ! /AFF ( ! 09=MATION C5T]0 9 ,B$=D HAD NO 9=MATION AB\T NUCLE> DANG]S4 ,HE LEFT A PAP] PACKET ON A TABLE 9 ! C5T]1 & TOLD /AFF IT CONTA9$ MUD FROM NE> ,SELLAFIELD1 EMITT+ ALPHA RADIATION4 ,! /AFF RAN !IR ,GEIG] C\NT] OV] ! \TSIDE ( ! PACKET & GOT NO READ+4 ,:5 A J\RNALI/ FROM ! LOCAL NEWSPAP] TURN$ UP1 !Y TOLD HIM ! /ORY AB\T ALPHA RADIATION WAS A HOAX4 ,! J\RNALI/ WAS NO NUCLE> PHYSICI/1 BUT HE HAD 5\< LAYMAN'S KN[L$GE TO KN[ ?AT ALPHA RADIATION DOES NOT P5ETRATE PAP]1 & WAS AMAZ$ TO F9D ?AT ! /AFF ( ! 09=MATION C5T]0 DID NOT KN[4 

,AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 CLOSELY 9VOLV$ 9 SUCCESSFUL AGITATIONS = *ANGES ( ! LAW1 SU* AS ! ABOLITION ( ! DEA? P5ALTY1 & ! PROHIBITION ( CORPORAL PUNI%M5T 9 S*OOLS4 ,9 ! CASE ( ! DEA? P5ALTY1 ! F9AL1 SUCCESSFUL AGITATION :I* FOLL[$ ! EXECUTION ( ,D]EK ,B5TLEY WAS BEGUN BY AN>*I/S 9 ,LONDON1 ) TWO MEET+S1 ! FIR/ CALL$ 9 ! NAME ( AN AN>*I/ GR\P1 & ! SECOND CALL$ BY ! SAME GR\P CALL+ !MSELVES ! ,LEAGUE ,AGA9/ ,CAPITAL ,PUNI%M5T4 ,AFT] ! SECOND MEET+1 ! AN>*I/S /OOD ASIDE TO LET ! ,LEAGUE BE TAK5 OV] BY ! LAWY]S & POLITICIANS :O HAD RUN E>LI] ANTI-HANG+ CAMPAIGNS1 & ?IS TIME AT LA/ !Y W]E SUCCESSFUL4 

,:5 A LAW WAS PASS$ PROHIBIT+ L&LORDS FROM 9CLUD+ 0NO COLOR$0 9 ACCOMMODATION ADV]TISEM5TS1 AN>*I/S W]E AMONG ?OSE :O VISIT$ CORN] %OPS TO TELL ! [N]S ?AT !IR ADV]TIS+ BO>DS W]E BREAK+ ! LAW4 

,A MORE REC5T SUCCESSFUL CAMPAIGN 9VOLV+ AN>*I/S WAS AGA9/ ! ,POLL ,TAX4 ,!Y W]E PROM95T 9 /REET DEMON/RATIONS1 & DECOR\SLY MADE NUISANCES ( !MSELVES1 TAK+ UP ! TIME ( MAGI/RATES' C\RTS ) FOOTL+ DISPUTES4 

,AN>*I/S 5?USIA/ICALLY JO9$ ! WORK]S 9 TWO BIG CONFLICTS ) ! EMPLOY]S1 ! M9]S' /RIKE & ! ,MURDO* PR9T]S' /RIKE1 & MANY SMALL] ONES4 

,SOME AN>*I/S >E HUNT SABOTEURS1 & P>TICIPANTS 9 ! ANIMAL LIB]ATION MOVEM5T4 ,REC5T EV5TS ORGANIZ$ BY AN>*I/S HAVE 9CLUD$ 0,BA% ! RI*0 M>*ES T[>DS ! MILLIONAIRE DWELL+S ( ,HAMP/EAD1 & 0,/OP ! ,CITY0 DEMON/RATIONS 9 ! ,LONDON F9ANCIAL C5T]4 

,AN>*I/S JO9 DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ RACIAL VICTIMIZATION BY ! POLICE1 & HAVE BE5 ACCUS$1 PROBABLY FALSELY1 ( ORGANIZ+ 0RACE RIOTS04 ,) OR )\T AN>*I/ BANN]S1 !Y (T5 JO9 DEMON/RATIONS AGA9/ TYRANNIES ELSE:]E 9 ! WORLD4 

,! MO/ EXCLUSIVELY AN>*I/ DEMON/RATIONS OCCUR AT TIMES ( G5]AL ELECTIONS1 :5 ALL POLITICAL GR\PS >E EXCIT$ 9TO ACTIVITY1 & AN>*I/S RUN ANTI-ELECTION CAMPAIGNS4 ,?\S&S ( LEAFLETS >E PR9T$ & GIV5 AWAY1 DOZ5S ( MEET+S >E HELD1 & ! MEET+S ( C&IDATES >E HECKL$ TO MAKE ! AN>*I/ PO9T ?AT POLITICIANS WANT US TO SURR5D] \R P[] TO !M4 

,AGITATION AGA9/ AN ELECTION APPE>S TO HAVE NO EFFECT ON ! ELECTION1 BUT ! EXI/5CE & OP9IONS ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T BECOME KN[N TO PEOPLE1 9CLUD+ A FEW PEOPLE :O HAD NOT KN[N !Y W]E AN>*I/S4 

,DIRECT ,ACTION 

0,DIRECT ACTION0 ORIG9ALLY MEANT ACTION SU* AS /RIKES & SABOTAGE1 9T5D$ TO HAVE AN IMM$IATE EFFECT ON A SITUATION1 AS DI/9CT FROM POLITICAL ACTIVITY :I* MI<T HAVE A R\ND AB\T EFFECT ?R\< REPRES5TATIVES1 OR DEMON/RATIVE ACTIVITY :OSE EFFECT WAS TO GET PUBLICITY4 

,!SE DAYS DIRECT ACTION IS (T5 US$ TO MEAN DEMON/RATIONS :I* >E DANG]\S1 OR VIOL5T1 OR ILLEGAL1 BUT :OSE 9T5D$1 IMM$IATE EFFECT IS ONLY TO GET PUBLICITY = AN IDEA4 ,I HAVE 9CLUD$ SU* ACTIONS UND] 0,MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS0 ABOVE4 ,H]E1 ,I USE ! T]M 0DIRECT ACTION0 9 SOME?+ LIKE ITS ORIG9AL S5SE1 TO MEAN AN>*I/ ACTIVITY :I* HAS A DIRECT EFFECT ON ! RANGE ( *OICES = SOME 9DIVIDUALS4 

,!RE >E AN>*I/ WORK]S' CO-OP]ATIVES1 :I* CANNOT AVOID TRAD+ ) CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BUT >E NOT DIRECTLY DOM9AT$ BY A BOSS4 ,!RE >E AN>*I/ COMMUNITIES1 :]E PEOPLE LIVE 9 A NON-AU?ORIT>IAN 5VIRONM5T1 SOMETIMES HOLD+ ALL !IR ASSETS 9 COMMON4 ,A FEW H\SEHOLD COMMUNITIES >E ALSO WORK]S' CO-OP]ATIVES AT ! SAME TIME4 ,! AN>*I/S :O LIVE & WORK 9 !M NOT ONLY WID5 !IR [N *OICES1 BUT ALSO DEMON/RATE TO ! WORLD ?AT SU* NON-AU?ORIT>IAN WAYS ( LIFE >E FEASIBLE4 

,AN>*I/S >E DISGU/$ BY ! IDEA ( H\SES /&+ EMPTY :5 PEOPLE >E HOMELESS1 & HAVE ALWAYS SUPPORT$ SQUATT]S MOVEM5TS4 ,SEV]AL AN>*I/ GR\PS RUN SQUATT]S ADVICE C5T]S1 KEEP+ LI/S ( SUITABLE EMPTY BUILD+S AS WELL AS GIV+ LEGAL ADVICE4 ,ONE GR\P ( AN>*I/S W]E JAIL$ = PREV5T+ ! GUTT+ ( C\NCIL H\SES TO PREV5T SQUATT+1 & SUBSEQU5TLY 5GAG$ BY ! C\NCIL TO ORGANIZE SQUATT+ AS A TEMPOR>Y1 P>TIAL SOLUTION TO ! H\S+ %ORTAGE4 

,!RE HAVE BE5 & >E AN>*I/ CLUBS1 9 R5T$ & SQUATT$ PREMISES4 ,SOME BUILD+S SQUATT$ BY AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 OP5$ AS COMMUNITY RES\RCE C5T]S1 9CLUD+ CAFES :I* SELL V]Y *EAP FOOD4 ,AN>*I/ PROPAG&A IS AVAILABLE AT SU* PLACES1 BUT NOT =C$ ON ANYBODY4 ,SOMETIMES ! ORGANIZ]S HAVE BE5 (F]$ C\NCIL GRANTS = !IR S]VICES TO ! COMMUNITY1 & SOMETIMES !Y HAVE ACCEPT$ !M4 

,AN>*I/S (T5 UND]TAKE TO VISIT & COMMUNICATE ) PRISON]S :O HAVE FEW O!R FRI5DS4 ,(T5 ! PRISON]S HOLD AN>*I/ OP9IONS OR >E DEEM$ 9NOC5T1 OR BO?1 BUT ?IS IS NOT ALWAYS ! CASE4 

,! LA/ TWO P>AGRAPHS MAY MAKE AN>*I/S LOOK LIKE 0DOGOOD]S04 ,!Y W\LD OBJECT TO ?AT DESCRIPTION4 ,BUT !IR COMMITM5T TO WID5+ ! *OICES ( 9DIVIDUALS IS NOT JU/ A MATT] ( PUBLICIZ+ AN>*Y & ADVOCAT+ REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS ALSO A MATT] ( PRACTICAL1 DIRECT ACTION4 

,AN>*I/ ,APPROA*ES TO ,AN>*ISM 

,! ,WORD 0,AN>*Y0 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#a.> 

,! WORD 0AN>*Y0 WAS UNIV]SALLY US$ 9 ! S5SE ( DISORD] & CONFUSION2 & IT IS TO ?IS DAY US$ 9 ?AT S5SE BY ! UN9=M$ AS WELL AS BY POLITICAL OPPON5TS ) AN 9T]E/ 9 DI/ORT+ ! TRU?4 

,WE WILL NOT 5T] 9TO A PHILOLOGICAL DISCUSSION1 S9CE ! QUE/ION IS HI/ORICAL & NOT PHILOLOGICAL4 ,! COMMON 9T]PRETATION ( ! WORD RECOGNIZES ITS TRUE & ETYMOLOGICAL MEAN+2 BUT IT IS A D]IVATIVE ( ?AT MEAN+ DUE TO ! PREJUDIC$ VIEW ?AT GOV]NM5T WAS A NECESS>Y ORGAN ( SOCIAL LIFE1 & ?AT CONSEQU5TLY A SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T W\LD BE AT ! M]CY ( DISORD]1 & FLUCTUATE BETWE5 ! UNBRIDL$ >ROGANCE ( SOME1 & ! BL9D V5GEANCE ( O!RS4 

,! EXI/5CE ( ?IS PREJUDICE & ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! PUBLIC'S DEF9ITION ( ! WORD 0AN>*Y0 IS EASILY EXPLA9$4 ,MAN1 LIKE ALL LIV+ BE+S1 ADAPTS & ACCU/OMS HIMSELF TO ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* HE LIVES & PASSES ON ACQUIR$ HABITS4 ,?US1 HAV+ BE5 BORN & BR$ 9 BONDAGE1 :5 ! DESC5DANTS ( A LONG L9E ( SLAVES />T$ TO ?9K1 !Y BELIEV$ ?AT SLAV]Y WAS AN ESS5TIAL CONDITION ( LIFE & FRE$OM SEEM$ IMPOSSIBLE TO !M4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WORK]S :O = C5TURIES W]E OBLIG$1 & !RE=E ACCU/OM$1 TO DEP5D = WORK1 ?AT IS BREAD1 ON ! GOODWILL ( ! MA/]1 & TO SEE !IR LIVES ALWAYS AT ! M]CY ( ! [N]S ( ! L& & ( CAPITAL1 5D$ BY BELIEV+ ?AT IT IS ! MA/] :O FE$S !M1 & +5U\SLY ASK ONE H[ W\LD IT BE POSSIBLE TO LIVE IF !RE W]E NO MA/]S4 

,SO1 S9CE IT WAS ?\<T ?AT GOV]NM5T WAS NECESS>Y & ?AT )\T GOV]NM5T !RE C\LD ONLY BE DISORD] & CONFUSION1 IT WAS NATURAL & LOGICAL ?AT AN>*Y1 :I* MEANS ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 %\LD S\ND LIKE ABS5CE ( ORD]4 ,NOR IS ! PH5OM5ON )\T P>ALLEL 9 ! HI/ORY ( WORDS4 ,9 TIMES & 9 C\NTRIES :]E ! PEOPLE BELIEV$ 9 ! NE$ = GOV]NM5T BY ONE MAN 7MON>*Y7 ! WORD REPUBLIC1 :I* IS GOV]NM5T BY MANY1 WAS 9 FACT US$ 9 ! S5SE ( DISORD] & CONFUSION -- & ?IS MEAN+ IS /ILL TO BE F\ND 9 ! POPUL> LANGUAGE ( ALMO/ ALL C\NTRIES4 

,*ANGE OP9ION1 CONV9CE ! PUBLIC ?AT GOV]NM5T IS NOT ONLY UNNECESS>Y BUT EXTREMELY H>MFUL1 & !N ! WORD AN>*Y1 JU/ BECAUSE IT MEANS ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 WILL COME TO MEAN = EV]YBODY3 NATURAL ORD]1 UNITY ( HUMAN NE$S & ! 9T]E/S ( ALL1 COMPLETE FRE$OM )9 COMPLETE SOLID>ITY4 

,?OSE :O SAY1 !RE=E1 ?AT ! AN>*I/S HAVE BADLY *OS5 !IR NAME BECAUSE IT IS WRONGLY 9T]PRET$ BY ! MASSES & L5DS ITSELF TO WRONG 9T]PRETATIONS1 >E MI/AK54 ,! ]ROR DOES NOT COME FROM ! WORD BUT FROM ! ?+2 & ! DIFFICULTIES AN>*I/S FACE 9 !IR PROPAG&A DO NOT DEP5D ON ! NAME !Y HAVE TAK51 BUT ON ! FACT ?AT !IR CONCEPT CLA%ES ) ALL ! PUBLIC'S LONG E/ABLI%$ PREJUDICES ON ! FUNCTION ( GOV]NM5T1 OR ! ,/ATE AS IT IS ALSO CALL$4 

,! ,IDEAL ( ,AN>*Y 7,PET] ,KROPOTK97.<#b.> 

,AN>*ISM 7FROM ! ,GREEK AN- & >*E1 CONTR>Y TO AU?ORITY71 ! NAME GIV5 TO A PR9CIPLE OR !ORY ( LIFE & CONDUCT UND] :I* SOCIETY IS CONCEIV$ )\T GOV]NM5T -- H>MONY 9 SU* A SOCIETY BE+ OBTA9$1 NOT BY SUBMISSION TO LAW1 OR BY OB$I5CE TO ANY AU?ORITY1 BUT BY FREE AGREEM5TS CONCLUD$ BETWE5 ! V>I\S GR\PS1 T]RITORIAL & PR(ESSIONAL1 FREELY CON/ITUT$ = ! SAKE ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 AS ALSO = ! SATISFACTION ( ! 9F9ITE V>IETY ( NE$S & ASPIRATIONS ( A CIVILIZ$ BE+4 

,9 A SOCIETY DEVELOP$ ON !SE L9ES1 ! VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS :I* ALREADY N[ BEG9 TO COV] ALL ! FIELDS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY W\LD TAKE A /ILL GREAT] EXT5SION SO AS TO SUB/ITUTE !MSELVES = ! ,/ATE 9 ALL ITS FUNCTIONS4 ,!Y W\LD REPRES5T AN 9T]WOV5 NETWORK1 COMPOS$ ( AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( GR\PS & F$]ATIONS ( ALL SIZES & DEGREES1 LOCAL1 REGIONAL1 NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL -- TEMPOR>Y OR MORE OR LESS P]MAN5T -- = ALL POSSIBLE PURPOSES3 PRODUCTION1 CONSUMPTION & EX*ANGE1 COMMUNICATIONS1 SANIT>Y >RANGEM5TS1 $UCATION1 MUTUAL PROTECTION1 DEF5SE ( ! T]RITORY1 & SO ON2 &1 ON ! O!R SIDE1 = ! SATISFACTION ( AN EV] 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( SCI5TIFIC1 >TI/IC1 LIT]>Y & SOCIABLE NE$S4 ,MOREOV]1 SU* A SOCIETY W\LD REPRES5T NO?+ IMMUTABLE4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y --  AS IS SE5 9 ORGANIC LIFE AT L>GE -- H>MONY W\LD 7IT IS CONT5D$7 RESULT FROM AN EV]-*ANG+ ADJU/M5T & READJU/M5T ( EQUILIBRIUM BETWE5 ! MULTITUDES ( =CES & 9FLU5CES1 & ?IS ADJU/M5T W\LD BE ! EASI] TO OBTA9 AS NONE ( ! =CES W\LD 5JOY A SPECIAL PROTECTION FROM ! ,/ATE4 

,IF1 IT IS CONT5D$1 SOCIETY W]E ORGANIZ$ ON !SE PR9CIPLES1 MAN W\LD NOT BE LIMIT$ 9 ! FREE EX]CISE ( HIS P[]S 9 PRODUCTIVE WORK BY A CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY1 MA9TA9$ BY ! ,/ATE2 NOR W\LD HE BE LIMIT$ 9 ! EX]CISE ( HIS WILL BY A FE> ( PUNI%M5T1 OR BY OB$I5CE T[>DS 9DIVIDUALS OR METAPHYSICAL 5TITIES1 :I* BO? LEAD TO DEPRESSION ( 9ITIATIVE & S]VILITY ( M9D4 ,HE W\LD BE GUID$ 9 HIS ACTIONS BY HIS [N UND]/&+1 :I* NECESS>ILY W\LD BE> ! IMPRESSION ( A FREE ACTION & REACTION BETWE5 HIS [N SELF & ! E?ICAL CONCEPTIONS ( HIS SURR\ND+S4 ,MAN W\LD ?US BE 5ABL$ TO OBTA9 ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( ALL HIS FACULTIES1 9TELLECTUAL1 >TI/IC & MORAL1 )\T BE+ HAMP]$ BY OV]WORK = ! MONOPOLI/S1 OR BY ! S]VILITY & 9]TIA ( M9D ( ! GREAT NUMB]4 ,HE W\LD ?US BE ABLE TO REA* FULL 9DIVIDUALIZATION1 :I* IS NOT POSSIBLE EI!R UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM ( 9DIVIDUALISM1 OR UND] ANY SY/EM ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM 9 ! SO-CALL$ ,VOLKS/AAT 7,POPUL> ,/ATE74 

,! ,AN>*I/ WRIT]S CONSID]1 MOREOV]1 ?AT !IR CONCEPTION IS NOT A ,UTOPIA1 CON/RUCT$ ON ! A PRIORI ME?OD1 AFT] A FEW DESID]ATA HAVE BE5 TAK5 AS PO/ULATES4 ,IT IS D]IV$1 !Y MA9TA91 FROM AN ANALYSIS ( T5D5CIES ?AT >E AT WORK ALREADY1 EV5 ?\< ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM MAY F9D A TEMPOR>Y FAVOR ) ! RE=M]S4 ,! PROGRESS ( MOD]N TE*NICS1 :I* WOND]FULLY SIMPLIFIES ! PRODUCTION ( ALL ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE2 ! GR[+ SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE1 & ! RAPID SPREAD ( FREE 9ITIATIVE & FREE UND]/&+ 9 ALL BRAN*ES ( ACTIVITY -- 9CLUD+ ?OSE :I* =M]LY W]E CONSID]$ AS ! PROP] ATTRIBUTION ( ,*UR* & ,/ATE -- >E /EADILY RE9=C+ ! NO-GOV]NM5T T5D5CY4 

,! ,/ATE ORGANIZATION1 HAV+ ALWAYS BE51 BO? 9 ANCI5T & MOD]N HI/ORY 7,MAC$ONIAN EMPIRE1 ,ROMAN EMPIRE1 MOD]N ,EUROPEAN /ATES GR[N UP ON ! RU9S ( AUTONOM\S CITIES71 ! 9/RUM5T = E/ABLI%+ MONOPOLIES 9 FAVOR ( ! RUL+ M9ORITIES1 CANNOT BE MADE TO WORK = ! DE/RUCTION ( !SE MONOPOLIES4 ,! ,AN>*I/S CONSID]1 !RE=E1 ?AT TO H& OV] TO ! ,/ATE ALL ! MA9 S\RCES ( ECONOMICAL LIFE -- ! L&1 ! M9ES1 ! RAILWAYS1 BANK+1 9SURANCE1 & SO ON -- AS ALSO ! MANAGEM5T ( ALL ! MA9 BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY1 9 ADDITION TO ALL ! FUNCTIONS ALREADY ACCUMULAT$ 9 ITS H&S 7$UCATION1 ,/ATE-SUPPORT$ RELIGIONS1 DEF5SE ( ! T]RITORY1 @&C71 W\LD MEAN TO CREATE A NEW 9/RUM5T ( TYRANNY4 ,/ATE CAPITALISM W\LD ONLY 9CREASE ! P[]S ( BUREAUCRACY & CAPITALISM4 ,TRUE PROGRESS LIES 9 ! DIRECTION ( DEC5TRALIZATION1 BO? T]RITORIAL & FUNCTIONAL1 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! SPIRIT ( LOCAL & P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE1 & ( FREE F$]ATION FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMP\ND1 9 LIEU ( ! PRES5T HI]>*Y FROM ! C5T] TO ! P]IPH]Y4 

,9 COMMON ) MO/ ,SOCIALI/S1 ! ,AN>*I/S RECOGNIZE ?AT1 LIKE ALL EVOLUTION 9 NATURE1 ! SL[ EVOLUTION ( SOCIETY IS FOLL[$ FROM TIME TO TIME BY P]IODS ( ACCEL]AT$ EVOLUTION :I* >E CALL$ REVOLUTIONS2 & !Y ?9K ?AT ! ]A ( REVOLUTIONS IS NOT YET CLOS$4 ,P]IODS ( RAPID *ANGES WILL FOLL[ ! P]IODS ( SL[ EVOLUTION1 & !SE P]IODS MU/ BE TAK5 ADVANTAGE ( -- NOT = 9CREAS+ & WID5+ ! P[]S ( ! ,/ATE1 BUT = R$UC+ !M1 ?R\< ! ORGANIZATION 9 EV]Y T[N%IP OR COMMUNE ( ! LOCAL GR\PS ( PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S1 AS ALSO ! REGIONAL1 & EV5TUALLY ! 9T]NATIONAL F$]ATIONS ( !SE GR\PS4 

,9 VIRTUE ( ! ABOVE PR9CIPLES ! ,AN>*I/S REFUSE TO BE P>TY TO ! PRES5T ,/ATE ORGANIZATION & TO SUPPORT IT BY 9FUS+ FRE% BLOOD 9TO IT4 

,AN>*I/-,COMMUNISM 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#c.> 

,?OSE AN>*I/S :O CALL !MSELVES COMMUNI/S 7& ,I AM ONE ( !M7 DO SO NOT BECAUSE !Y WI% TO IMPOSE !IR P>TICUL> WAY ( SEE+ ?+S ON O!RS OR BECAUSE !Y BELIEVE ?AT \TSIDE COMMUNISM !RE CAN BE NO SALVATION1 BUT BECAUSE !Y >E CONV9C$1 UNTIL PROV$ WRONG1 ?AT ! MORE HUMAN BE+S >E JO9$ 9 BRO!RHOOD1 & ! MORE CLOSELY !Y CO-OP]ATE 9 !IR EF=TS = ! B5EFIT ( ALL CONC]N$1 ! GREAT] IS ! WELL-BE+ & FRE$OM :I* EA* CAN 5JOY4 ,!Y BELIEVE ?AT ,MAN1 EV5 IF FRE$ FROM OPPRESSION BY HIS FELL[ M51 /ILL REMA9S EXPOS$ TO ! HO/ILE =CES ( ,NATURE1 :I* HE CANNOT OV]COME ALONE1 BUT :I*1 9 ASSOCIATION ) O!RS1 CAN BE H>NESS$ & TRANS=M$ 9TO ! MEANS = HIS [N WELL BE+4 ,! MAN :O W\LD WI% TO PROVIDE = HIS MAT]IAL NE$S BY WORK+ ALONE IS A SLAVE TO HIS WORK1 AS WELL AS NOT BE+ ALWAYS SURE ( PRODUC+ 5\< TO KEEP ALIVE4 ,IT W\LD BE FANTA/IC TO ?9K ?AT SOME AN>*I/S1 :O CALL !MSELVES1 & 9DE$ >E1 COMMUNI/S1 %\LD DESIRE TO LIVE AS 9 A CONV5T1 SUBJECT$ TO COMMON RULES1 UNI=M MEALS & CLO!S1 ETC42 BUT IT W\LD BE EQUALLY ABSURD TO ?9K ?AT !Y %\LD WANT TO DO JU/ AS !Y LIKE )\T TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! NE$S ( O!RS OR ( ! RI<T ALL HAVE TO EQUAL FRE$OM4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT ,KROPOTK91 = 9/ANCE1 :O WAS ONE ( ! MO/ ACTIVE & ELOQU5T AN>*I/ PROPAG&I/S ( ! COMMUNI/ IDEA WAS AT ! SAME TIME A /AUN* DEF5D] ( ! 9DEP5D5CE ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & PASSIONATELY DESIR$ ?AT EV]YBODY %\LD BE ABLE TO DEVELOP & SATISFY FREELY !IR >TI/IC TAL5TS1 5GAGE 9 SCI5TIFIC RESE>*1 & SUCCE$ 9 E/ABLI%+ A H>MONI\S UNITY BETWE5 MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL ACTIVITY 9 ORD] TO BECOME HUMAN BE+S 9 ! NOBLE/ S5SE ( ! WORD4 ,FUR!RMORE COMMUNI/-AN>*I/S BELIEVE ?AT BECAUSE ( ! NATURAL DIFF]5CES 9 F]TILITY1 SALUBRITY & LOCATION ( ! L& MASSES1 IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO 5SURE EQUAL WORK+ CONDITIONS = EV]YBODY 9DIVIDUALLY & SO A*IEVE1 IF NOT SOLID>ITY1 AT LEA/1 JU/ICE4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME !Y >E AW>E ( ! IMM5SE DIFFICULTIES 9 ! WAY ( PUTT+ 9TO PRACTICE ?AT WORLD-WIDE1 FREE-COMMUNISM1 :I* !Y LOOK UPON AS ! ULTIMATE OBJECTIVE ( A HUMANITY EMANCIPAT$ & UNIT$1 )\T A LONG P]IOD ( FREE DEVELOPM5T4 ,& = ?IS REASON !Y >RIVE AT CONCLUSIONS :I* C\LD BE P]HAPS EXPRESS$ 9 ! FOLL[+ =MULA3 

,! A*IEVEM5T ( ! GREATE/ MEASURE ( 9DIVIDUALISM IS 9 DIRECT RATION TO ! AM\NT ( COMMUNISM ?AT IS POSSIBLE2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 A MAXIMUM ( SOLID>ITY 9 ORD] TO 5JOY A MAXIMUM ( FRE$OM4 

,SELFI%NESS & ,B5EVOL5CE 7,DONALD ,RO\M7.<#d.> 

,IT IS /ILL NOT ?\<T /RANGE TO D5\NCE BOSSES = PURSU+ !IR [N SELFI% ADVANTAGE1 AS IF TO SUGGE/ ?AT !Y W\LD BE ACCEPTABLE1 IF ONLY !Y W]E ALL 9CORRUPTIBLE IDEALI/S4 ,IT HAS BECOME OBVI\S ?AT B5D+ ! KNEE TO A GOD & T\*+ ! =ELOCK TO A BOSS >E MUTUALLY RE9=C+ ACTIVITIES1 BUT IT IS /ILL NOT CLE> TO EV]YONE ?AT CALL+ %AME ON SELFI%NESS IS ANO!R ACTIVITY ( ! SAME K9D4 

,!RE IS A V]BAL TRICK1 APP>5TLY PROV+ ?AT B5EVOL5CE DOES NOT OCCUR4 0,:Y >E Y\ GIV+ A FIV] TO ,OXFAM80 0,I ?9K IT MI<T RELIEVE SOMEONE'S DI/RESS40 0,DO Y\ LIKE ! ?\<T ( RELIEV+ SOMEONE'S DI/RESS80 0,YES40 0,!N Y\ >E NOT DO+ IT TO RELIEVE SOMEONE'S DI/RESS1 BUT = Y\R [N PLEASURE 9 RELIEV+ SOMEONE'S DI/RESS40 

,! TRICK IS EXPOS$ IF WE APPLY ! SAME PROC$URE TO AN ACT :I* IS NOT B5EVOL5T4 0,:Y >E Y\ S++ 9 ! BA?80 0,! REV]B]ATIONS MAKE MY VOICE S\ND GREAT40 0,DO Y\ LIKE Y\R VOICE TO S\ND GREAT80 0,YES40 0,!N Y\ >E NOT DO+ IT TO MAKE Y\R VOICE S\ND GREAT1 BUT = Y\R [N PLEASURE 9 MAK+ Y\R VOICE S\ND GREAT40 

,OBVI\SLY !RE IS NO DI/9CTION BETWE5 WANT+ ONE'S VOICE TO S\ND GREAT & WANT+ ! PLEASURE ( ONE'S VOICE S\ND+ GREAT4 ,NOR IS !RE ANY DI/9CTION BETWE5 WANT+ TO RELIEVE SOMEONE'S DI/RESS & WANT+ ! PLEASURE ( RELIEV+ SOMEONE'S DI/RESS4 ,! TRICK DEP5DS ON ! FALSE ASSUMPTION ?AT B5EVOL5CE & SELFI% PLEASURE >E 9COMPATIBLE4 

,AW>5ESS ( SOMEONE ELSE'S EMOTIONS CAUSES US TO EXP]I5CE A SEMBLANCE ( ! SAME EMOTIONS \RSELVES4 ,?IS PH5OM5ON IS CALL$ 0EMPA?Y04 ,:5 ! O!R P]SON'S EMOTION IS PA9FUL IT IS CALL$ 0PRIM>Y DI/RESS01 & ! RESPONSE IT PRODUCES IS CALL$ 0EMPA?IC DI/RESS04 

,EMPA?IC DI/RESS MAY BE RELIEV$ BY BECOM+ LESS AW>E ( ! PRIM>Y DI/RESS1 = 9/ANCE BY RUNN+ AWAY OR HID+ ONE'S EYES4 ,OR IT MAY BE RELIEV$ BY RELIEV+ ! PRIM>Y DI/RESS1 :I* IS A B5EVOL5T ACT4 

,TO OBTA9 MAXIMUM B5EVOL5CE FROM O!RS1 MAXIMIZE !IR AW>5ESS ( Y\R DI/RESS4 ,! ,E?IOPIAN FAM9E ( #aihd WAS A USUAL TYPE ( FAM9E1 :I* AT FIR/ PROVOK$ ONLY A USUAL TYPE ( C>+ RESPONSE4 ,!N ! FIR/ C>]S MANAG$ TO GET PICTURES ( ! SUFF]+ ON TELEVISION1 & A MASSIVE1 POPUL> RELIEF EF=T />T$4 ,PEOPLE W]E MORE MOV$ TO EMPA?IC DI/RESS BY ! SI<T ?AN !Y HAD BE5 BY ! NEWS4 

,EMPA?Y IS NOT ! ONLY MOTIVE = B5EVOL5CE4 ,SPECIES 9 :I* ! 9V>IABLE RESPONSE TO EMPA?IC DI/RESS IS TO RUN MAY C>E = !IR MATES & Y\NG FROM 5TIRELY DIFF]5T URGES4 ,9 HUMANS1 !RE IS ALSO ! PRIDE ( P]CEIV+ ONESELF TO BE B5EVOL5T4 ,!SE >E ALL SELFI% MOTIVES1 & ALL PRODUCE REAL B5EVOL5CE4 

,DIFF]5T ,VIEWS ON ,ORGANIZATION 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#e.> 

,!RE HAVE BE5 AN>*I/S1 & !RE >E /ILL SOME1 :O :ILE RECOGNIZ+ ! NE$ TO ORGANIZE TODAY = PROPAG&A & ACTION1 >E HO/ILE TO ALL ORGANIZATIONS :I* DO NOT HAVE AN>*ISM AS !IR GOAL OR :I* DO NOT FOLL[ AN>*I/ ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE4 ,TO !SE COMRADES IT SEEM$ ?AT ALL ORGANIZ$ =CES = AN OBJECTIVE LESS ?AN RADICALLY REVOLUTION>Y1 W]E =CES ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS BE+ DEPRIV$ (4 ,IT SEEMS TO US 9/EAD1 & EXP]I5CE HAS SURELY ALREADY CONFIRM$ \R VIEW1 ?AT !IR APPROA* W\LD CONDEMN ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO A /ATE ( P]PETUAL /]ILITY4 ,TO MAKE PROPAG&A WE MU/ BE AMONG ! PEOPLE1 & IT IS 9 ! WORK]S ASSOCIATIONS ?AT WORK]S F9D !IR COMRADES & ESPECIALLY ?OSE :O >E MO/ DISPOS$ TO UND]/& & ACCEPT \R IDEAS4 ,BUT EV5 :5 IT W]E POSSIBLE TO DO AS MU* PROPAG&A AS WE WI%$ \TSIDE ! ASSOCIATIONS1 ?IS C\LD NOT HAVE A NOTICEABLE EFFECT ON ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,AP>T FROM A SMALL NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS MORE $UCAT$ & CAPABLE ( AB/RACT ?\<T & !ORETICAL 5?USIASMS1 ! WORK] CANNOT >RIVE AT AN>*ISM 9 ONE LEAP4 ,TO BECOME A CONV9C$ AN>*I/1 & NOT 9 NAME ONLY1 HE MU/ BEG9 TO FEEL ! SOLID>ITY ?AT JO9S HIM TO HIS COMRADES1 & TO LE>N TO CO-OP]ATE ) O!RS 9 ! DEF5SE ( COMMON 9T]E/S & ?AT1 BY /RUGGL+ AGA9/ ! BOSSES & AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T :I* SUPPORTS !M1 %\LD REALIZE ?AT BOSSES & GOV]NM5TS >E USELESS P>ASITES & ?AT ! WORK]S C\LD MANAGE ! DOME/IC ECONOMY BY !IR [N EF=TS4 ,& :5 ! WORK] HAS UND]/OOD ?IS1 HE IS AN AN>*I/ EV5 IF HE DOES NOT CALL HIMSELF SU*4 

,FUR!RMORE1 TO 5C\RAGE POPUL> ORGANIZATIONS ( ALL K9DS IS ! LOGICAL CONSEQU5CE ( \R BASIC IDEAS1 & %\LD !RE=E BE AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( \R PROGRAM4 

,AN AU?ORIT>IAN P>TY1 :I* AIMS AT CAPTUR+ P[] TO IMPOSE ITS IDEAS1 HAS AN 9T]E/ 9 ! PEOPLE REMA9+ AN AMORPH\S MASS1 UNABLE TO ACT = !MSELVES & !RE=E ALWAYS EASILY DOM9AT$4 ,& IT FOLL[S1 LOGICALLY1 ?AT IT CANNOT DESIRE MORE ?AN ?AT MU* ORGANIZATION1 & ( ! K9D IT NE$S TO ATTA9 P[]3 ,ELECTORAL ORGANIZATIONS IF IT HOPES TO A*IEVE IT BY LEGAL MEANS2 ,MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS IF IT RELIES ON VIOL5T ACTION4 

,BUT WE AN>*I/S DO NOT WANT TO EMANCIPATE ! PEOPLE2 WE WANT ! PEOPLE TO EMANCIPATE !MSELVES4 ,WE DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! GOOD ?AT COMES FROM ABOVE & IMPOS$ BY =CE2 WE WANT ! NEW WAY ( LIFE TO EM]GE FROM ! BODY ( ! PEOPLE & CORRESPOND TO ! /ATE ( !IR DEVELOPM5T & ADVANCE AS !Y ADVANCE4 ,IT MATT]S TO US !RE=E ?AT ALL 9T]E/S & OP9IONS %\LD F9D !IR EXPRESSION 9 A CONSCI\S ORGANIZATION & %\LD 9FLU5CE COMMUNAL LIFE 9 PROPORTION TO !IR IMPORTANCE4 

,WE HAVE UND]TAK5 ! TASK ( /RUGGL+ AGA9/ EXI/+ SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 & ( OV]COM+ ! OB/ACLES TO ! ADV5T ( A NEW SOCIETY 9 :I* FRE$OM & WELL-BE+ W\LD BE ASSUR$ TO EV]YBODY4 ,TO A*IEVE ?IS OBJECTIVE WE ORGANIZE \RSELVES 9 A P>TY & SEEK TO BECOME AS NUM]\S & /RONG AS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT IF W]E ONLY \R P>TY ?AT WAS ORGANIZ$2 IF ! WORK]S W]E TO REMA9 ISOLAT$ LIKE SO MANY UNITS UNCONC]N$ AB\T EA* O!R & ONLY L9K$ BY ! COMMON *A92 IF WE \RSELVES BESIDES BE+ ORGANIZ$ AS AN>*I/S 9 A P>TY1 W]E NOT AS WORK]S ORGANIZ$ ) O!R WORK]S1 WE C\LD A*IEVE NO?+ AT ALL1 OR AT MO/1 WE MI<T BE ABLE TO IMPOSE \RSELVES1 & !N IT W\LD NOT BE ! TRIUMPH ( AN>*Y BUT \R TRIUMPH4 ,WE C\LD !N GO ON CALL+ \RSELVES AN>*I/S1 BUT 9 REALITY WE %\LD SIMPLY BE RUL]S1 & AS IMPOT5T AS ALL RUL]S >E :]E ! G5]AL GOOD IS CONC]N$4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,REVOLUTION 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#f.> 

,! ,REVOLUTION IS ! CREATION ( NEW LIV+ 9/ITUTIONS1 NEW GR\P+S1 NEW SOCIAL RELATION%IPS2 IT IS ! DE/RUCTION ( PRIVILEGES & MONOPOLIES2 IT IS ! NEW SPIRIT ( JU/ICE1 ( BRO!RHOOD1 ( FRE$OM :I* MU/ R5EW ! :OLE ( SOCIAL LIFE1 RAISE ! MORAL LEVEL & ! MAT]IAL CONDITIONS ( ! MASSES BY CALL+ ON !M TO PROVIDE1 ?R\< !IR DIRECT & CONSCI\S ACTION1 = !IR [N FUTURES4 ,REVOLUTION IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ALL PUBLIC S]VICES BY ?OSE :O WORK 9 !M 9 !IR [N 9T]E/ AS WELL AS ! PUBLIC'S2 ,REVOLUTION IS ! DE/RUCTION ( ALL CO]CIVE TIES2 IT IS ! AUTONOMY ( GR\PS1 ( COMMUNES1 ( REGIONS2 ,REVOLUTION IS ! FREE F$]ATION BR\<T AB\T BY A DESIRE = BRO!RHOOD1 BY 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE 9T]E/S1 BY ! NE$S ( PRODUCTION & DEF5SE2 ,REVOLUTION IS ! CON/ITUTION ( 9NUM]ABLE FREE GR\P+S BAS$ ON IDEAS1 WI%ES1 & TA/ES ( ALL K9DS ?AT EXI/ AMONG ! PEOPLE2 ,REVOLUTION IS ! =M+ & DISB&+ ( ?\S&S ( REPRES5TATIVE1 DI/RICT1 COMMUNAL1 REGIONAL1 NATIONAL BODIES :I*1 )\T HAV+ ANY LEGISLATIVE P[]1 S]VE TO MAKE KN[N & TO COORD9ATE ! DESIRES & 9T]E/S ( PEOPLE NE> & F> & :I* ACT ?R\< 9=MATION1 ADVICE & EXAMPLE4 ,REVOLUTION IS FRE$OM PROV$ 9 ! CRUCIBLE ( FACTS -- & LA/S SO LONG AS FRE$OM LA/S1 ?AT IS UNTIL O!RS1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! WE>9ESS ?AT OV]TAKES ! MASSES1 ( ! 9EVITABLE DISAPPO9TM5TS ?AT FOLL[ EXAGG]AT$ HOPES1 ( ! PROBABLE ]RORS & HUMAN FAULTS1 SUCCE$ 9 CON/ITUT+ A P[]1 :I* SUPPORT$ BY AN >MY ( CONSCRIPTS OR M]C5>IES1 LAYS D[N ! LAW1 >RE/S ! MOVEM5T AT ! PO9T IT HAS REA*$1 & !N BEG9S ! REACTION4 

,! GREAT MAJORITY ( AN>*I/S1 IF ,I AM NOT MI/AK51 HOLD ! VIEW ?AT AN>*Y W\LD NOT BE A*IEV$ EV5 9 A FEW ?\S& YE>S1 IF FIR/ ONE DID NOT CREATE BY ! REVOLUTION1 MADE BY A CONSCI\S M9ORITY1 ! NECESS>Y 5VIRONM5T = FRE$OM & WELL-BE+4 ,= ?IS REASON WE WANT TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION AS SOON AS POSSIBLE1 & TO DO SO WE NE$ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ALL POSITIVE =CES & EV]Y FAVORABLE SITUATION ?AT >ISES4 

,! TASK ( ! CONSCI\S M9ORITY IS TO USE EV]Y SITUATION TO *ANGE ! 5VIRONM5T 9 A WAY ?AT WILL MAKE POSSIBLE ! $UCATION & SPIRITUAL ELEVATION ( ! PEOPLE1 )\T :I* !RE IS NO REAL WAY \T4 ,& S9CE ! 5VIRONM5T TODAY1 :I* OBLIGES ! MASSES TO LIVE 9 MIS]Y1 IS MA9TA9$ BY VIOL5CE1 WE ADVOCATE & PREP>E = VIOL5CE4 ,?AT IS :Y WE >E REVOLUTION>IES1 NOT BECAUSE 0WE >E DESP]ATE M51 ?IR/+ = REV5GE & FILL$ ) HATE04 

,WE >E REVOLUTION>IES BECAUSE WE BELIEVE ?AT ONLY ! REVOLUTION1 ! VIOL5T REVOLUTION1 CAN SOLVE ! SOCIAL QUE/ION4 

,WE BELIEVE FUR!RMORE ?AT ! REVOLUTION IS AN ACT ( WILL -- ! WILL ( 9DIVIDUALS & ( ! MASSES2 ?AT IT NE$S = ITS SUCCESS C]TA9 OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS1 BUT ?AT IT DOES NOT HAPP5 ( NECESSITY1 9EVITABLY1 ?R\< ! S+LE ACTION ( ECONOMIC & POLITICAL =CES4 

,I TOLD ! JURY 7AT MY TRIAL7 9 ,MILAN ?AT ,I AM A REVOLUTION>Y NOT ONLY 9 ! PHILOSOPHICAL MEAN+ ( ! WORD BUT ALSO 9 ! POPUL> & 9SURRECTIONALI/ S5SE2 & ,I SAID SO 9 ORD] TO CLE>LY DI/+UI% BETWE5 MY VIEWS & ?OSE ( O!RS :O CALL !MSELVES REVOLUTION>IES1 BUT :O 9T]PRET ! WORLD EV5 A/RONOMICALLY SO AS NOT TO HAVE TO BR+ 9 ! FACT ( VIOL5CE1 ! 9SURRECTION1 :I* MU/ OP5 ! WAY TO REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS4 ,I DECL>$ ?AT ,I HAD NOT S\<T TO PROVOKE REVOLUTION BECAUSE AT ! TIME !RE WAS NO NE$ TO PROVOKE IT2 :AT WAS URG5TLY NE$$ 9/EAD WAS TO B5D ALL \R EF=TS = ! REVOLUTION TO SUCCE$ & NOT LEAD TO NEW TYRANNIES2 BUT ,I 9SI/$ ?AT ,I W\LD HAVE PROVOK$ IT IF ! SITUATION DEM&$ !N1 JU/ AS ,I W\LD 9 A SIMIL> SITUATION 9 ! FUTURE4 

,! ,ORIG9 ( ,SOCIETY 7,PET] ,KROPOTK97.<#g.> 

,MO/ PHILOSOPH]S ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY HAD V]Y ELEM5T>Y IDEAS ON ! ORIG9 ( SOCIETIES4 

,ACCORD+ TO !M1 9 ! BEG9N+ ,MANK9D LIV$ 9 SMALL ISOLAT$ FAMILIES1 & P]PETUAL W>F>E BETWE5 !M WAS ! NORMAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS ,BUT1 ONE F9E DAY1 REALIZ+ AT LA/ ! DISADVANTAGES ( !IR 5DLESS /RUGGLES1 M5 DECID$ TO SOCIALIZE4 ,A SOCIAL CONTRACT WAS CONCLUD$ AMONG ! SCATT]$ FAMILIES :O WILL+LY SUBMITT$ !MSELVES TO AN AU?ORITY :I* -- NE$ ,I SAY -- BECAME ! />T+ PO9T AS WELL AS ! 9ITIATOR ( ALL PROGRESS4 ,& DOES ONE NE$ TO ADD1 S9CE WE HAVE BE5 TOLD AS MU* AT S*OOL1 ?AT \R PRES5T GOV]NM5TS HAVE SO F> REMA9$ 9 !IR NOBLE ROLE AS ! SALT ( ! E>?1 ! PACIFI]S & CIVILIZ]S ( ! HUMAN RACE8 

,?IS IDEA DOM9AT$ ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 A P]IOD 9 :I* V]Y LITTLE WAS KN[N AB\T ! ORIG9S ( ,MAN1 & ONE MU/ ADD ?AT 9 ! H&S ( ! ,5CYCLOP$I/S & ( ,R\SSEAU1 ! IDEA ( ! 0SOCIAL CONTRACT0 BECAME A WEAPON ) :I* TO FI<T ! DIV9E RI<TS ( K+S4 ,NEV]!LESS1 9 SPITE ( ! S]VICES IT MAY HAVE R5D]$ 9 ! PA/1 ?IS !ORY MU/ BE SE5 TO BE FALSE4 

,! FACT IS ?AT ALL ANIMALS1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( SOME C>NIVORES & BIRDS ( PREY1 & SOME SPECIES :I* >E BECOM+ EXT9CT1 LIVE 9 SOCIETIES4 ,9 ! /RUGGLE = LIFE1 IT IS ! GREG>I\S SPECIES :I* HAVE AN ADVANTAGE OV] ?OSE ?AT >E NOT4 ,9 EV]Y ANIMAL CLASSIFICATION !Y >E AT ! TOP ( ! LADD] & !RE CANNOT BE ! SLI<TE/ D\BT ?AT ! FIR/ HUMAN BE+S ) HUMAN ATTRIBUTES W]E ALREADY LIV+ 9 SOCIETIES4 

,MAN DID NOT CREATE SOCIETY2 SOCIETY EXI/$ BE=E ,MAN4 

,WE N[ ALSO KN[ -- & IT HAS BE5 CONV9C+LY DEMON/RAT$ BY AN?ROPOLOGY -- ?AT ! PO9T ( DEP>TURE = MANK9D WAS NOT ! FAMILY BUT ! CLAN1 ! TRIBE4 ,! PATRI>*AL FAMILY AS WE KN[ IT1 OR AS IT IS DEPICT$ 9 ,HEBREW TRADITIONS1 DID NOT APPE> UNTIL V]Y MU* LAT]4 ,MAN SP5T T5S ( ?\S&S ( YE>S 9 ! CLAN OR TRIBAL PHASE -- LET US CALL IT ! PRIMITIVE TRIBE OR1 IF Y\ WI%1 ! SAVAGE TRIBE -- & DUR+ ?IS TIME MAN HAD ALREADY DEVELOP$ A :OLE S]IES ( 9/ITUTIONS1 HABITS & CU/OMS MU* E>LI] ?AN ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY4 

,9 !SE TRIBES1 ! SEP>ATE FAMILY NO MORE EXI/$ ?AN IT EXI/S AMONG SO MANY O!R SOCIABLE MAMMALS4 ,ANY DIVISION )9 ! TRIBE WAS MA9LY BETWE5 G5]ATIONS1 & FROM A F> DI/ANT AGE1 GO+ RI<T BACK TO ! DAWN ( ! HUMAN RACE1 LIMITATIONS HAD BE5 IMPOS$ TO PREV5T SEXUAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T G5]ATIONS1 :I* H[EV] W]E ALL[$ BETWE5 ?OSE ( ! SAME G5]ATION4 ,ONE CAN /ILL F9D TRACES ( ?AT P]IOD 9 SOME CONTEMPOR>Y TRIBES AS WELL AS 9 ! LANGUAGE1 CU/OMS & SUP]/ITIONS ( PEOPLE ( A MU* HI<] CULTURE4 

,! ,SIMPLICITY ( ,AN>*ISM 7,GEORGE ,NI*OLSON7.<#h.> 

,! MO/ FRI<T5+ ASPECT ( AN>*ISM TO ! REGIM5T$ M9D IS ! SIMPLICITY ( ! TRU?S IT CONTA9S4 ,:IL/ SOCIETY IS QUITE PREP>$ TO ACCEPT ! FEASIBILITY ( PLANET>Y FLI<T1 AL*EMI/RY & O!R ?+S )91 & BEYOND1 ! REALMS ( LOGIC1 ! SIMPLE POSSIBILITY ( MAN BE+ SELF-GOV]N+ & CAPABLE ( /&+ ON HIS [N FEET -- )\T ! AID ( POLITICAL OR LEGAL CRUT*ES -- IS REG>D$ AS SOME?+ AK9 TO LUNACY1 OR DANG]\SLY FANATICAL TO SAY ! LEA/4 

,! POT5TIAL HORRORS ( ATOMIC W>F>E & ! POSSIBLE OBLIT]ATION ( ! HUMAN RACE1 AL?\< H]E & !RE 9VOK+ A SUNDRY VOICE ( PROTE/ATION1 IS PRESUMABLY NO:]E NE> AS T]RIFY+ AS ! PROSPECT ( SOCIETY BE+ FRE$ FROM POLITICAL BONDAGE & GIV5 9DEP5D5CE TO ORGANIZE ITS [N ECONOMY BY MUTUAL AID & COOP]ATION4 

,GOV]NM5T PROVIDES ITS [N 9DICTM5T :5 IT SO BRAZ5LY PRESUMES ! HELPLESS IMBECILITY ( ITS SUBJECTS1 :I* IT REG>DS AS A MASS ( POT5TIAL LUNATICS RE/RA9$ ONLY BY ! LEA% ( POLITICS & LAW4 ,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT )\T ! SAV+ GRACE ( POLITICIANS1 ,B$LAM ITSELF W\LD BE LET LOOSE1 & ?AT >SON1 RAPE1 MURD] & LOOT+ W\LD BE ! ORD] ( ! DAY6 

,ONE MI<T BE IMP]T95T 5\< TO ASK :Y1 !N1 IF PEOPLE >E SO 9CAPABLE ( SELF-RE/RA9T !Y %\LD BE DEEM$ SUFFICI5TLY SANE TO ELECT O!RS TO CONTROL !M8 ,:Y1 = 9/ANCE1 DO POLITICIANS %\T1 MANEUV] & CONTRIVE TO GET ELECT$ BY L>GE MAJORITIES IF ?OSE MAJORITIES >E SU* POT5TIAL LUNATICS8 

,! AN>*I/ BELIEVES ?AT FRE$OM IS :AT ITS NAME IMPLIES1 & HE CAN'T CONCEIVE H[ IT IS POSSIBLE TO BE FREE & AT ! SAME TIME BE GOV]N$ BY O!RS --  NOR CAN HE SEE H[ IT IS POSSIBLE TO HELP O!RS TO BE FREE BY /ICK+ BAYONETS 9 !IR BODIES OR DROPP+ ATOM BOMBS ON !IR HOMES4 ,HE CONSID]S HIMSELF CAPABLE ( GOODNESS )\T RELIGION & ( DIGNITY )\T ! AID ( LAW1 & :IL/ HE IS PREP>$ TO GIVE FREELY & ( HIS BE/ 9 COOP]ATION ) O!RS = ! COMMONWEAL1 HE TAKES EXCEPTION TO ADM9I/]+ TO ! SELFI%NESS ( DRONES4 

,HE HAS NO FAI? 9 ! 9FALLIBILITY ( POLITICIANS1 NOR 9 ! WISDOM ( K+S4 ,:IL/ HE REPUDIATES ! NECESSITY ( LAW1 HE CONC$ES ! NECESSITY = ORD]3 NOT ! K9D ( ORD] DECRE$ BY POLITICIANS & 5=C$ ?REATS1 BUT NATURAL ORD] RESULT+ FROM ! H>MONI\S DEVELOPM5T ( MUTUAL RESPECT )9 SOCIETY1 :5 ONCE FRE$ FROM POLITICAL BONDAGE4 

,!RE IS SOME?+ RADICALLY WRONG1 HE DECL>ES1 9 A SY/EM ( SOCIETY ?AT FUNCTIONS & MA9TA9S ITS EXI/5CE BY ! IMPETUS ( VIOL5CE & =CE4 ,HE SEES NO?+ PRAISEWOR?Y 9 POLITICAL SOCIETY :I* HAS REC\RSE TO P]IODIC W>S1 OR ! NE$ ( JAILS1 GALL[S & BLUDGEONS --  & IT IS BECAUSE HE IS AW>E ?AT !SE BRUTAL WEAPONS >E ! 9/RUM5TS ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T & ,/ATE ?AT HE WORKS = !IR DE/RUCTION4 

,TO HIM1 FRE$OM IS SOME?+ MORE ?AN M]E POLITICAL CLAP-TRAP -- IT IS ! QU9TESS5CE ( BE+ & LIV+4 ,IT GIVES FOCUS TO ! EGO'S EXP&+ UNIV]SE1 & ECLIPSES ! P[] ( IGNORANCE & FE>4 ,GIV5 ! FRE$OM TO ASS]T ITS 9H]5T QUALITIES1 HE BELIEVES HUMANITY CAPABLE ( SOLV+ ITS [N SOCIAL PROBLEMS BY ! SIMPLE APPLICATION ( EQUITY & MUTUAL AID4 

,UNLIKE ! POLITICIAN1 HE DOES NOT REG>D DI%ONE/Y1 BRUTALITY & AV>ICI\SNESS AS NATURAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( HUMAN NATURE1 BUT AS ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES ( CO]CION & FRU/RATION 5G5D]$ BY >TIFICIAL LAW1 & HE BELIEVES ?AT !SE SOCIAL EVILS >E BE/ ]ADICAT$ NOT BY GREAT] P5ALTIES & FUR!R LEGISLATION1 BUT BY ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ! LAT5T =CES ( SOLID>ITY & SYMPA!TIC UND]/&+ :I* GOV]NM5T & LAW SO RU?LESSLY SUPPRESS4 

,FRE$OM WILL BE POSSIBLE :5 PEOPLE UND]/& & DESIRE IT -- = MAN CAN ONLY RULE :]E O!RS SUBS]VI5TLY OBEY4 ,:]E NONE OBEY1 NONE HAS P[] TO RULE4 

,AN>*ISM & ,VIOL5CE 

,AN>*ISM & ,HOMICIDAL ,\TRAGE 7,*>LOTTE ,WILSON7.<#i.> 

0,! PROPAG&I/S ( ,AN>*I/ DOCTR9ES WILL BE TREAT$ ) ! SAME SEV]ITY AS ! ACTUAL P]PETRATORS ( \TRAGE0 --  ,TELEGRAM FROM ,B>CELONA1 ,TIMES1 ,NOV4 #a 7#a#h#i#c74 

,IS ! ABOVE QUOT$ DECISION ( ! ,SPANI% ,GOV]NM5T A MEASURE = ! PROTECTION ( HUMAN LIFE1 JU/IFI$ BY ! PECULI> DOCTR9ES ( ,AN>*ISM8 ,OR IS IT M]ELY ONE ( ?OSE S5SELESS & CRUEL P]SECUTIONS ( NEW IDEAS DI/A/EFUL TO ! CLASS 9 P[]1 ?AT MAY BE EXPECT$ 9 ! ANCI5T HOME ( ! ,9QUISITION8 

,?IS QUE/ION MU/ HAVE /RUCK MANY ?\<TFUL M5 & WOM5 9 ,5GL&1 :O HAVE HE>D = ! FIR/ TIME ( ,AN>*ISM AS EXI/+ 9 !IR MID/ ?R\< ! REC5T VITUP]ATIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ PRESS1 & C]TA9 ,CONS]VATIVE MEMB]S ( ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS4 ,& WE1 ! PUBLI%+ GR\P ( ! OLDE/ & MO/ WIDELY CIRCULAT$ ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/ PAP] 9 ,5GL&1 WI% TO MEET ?IS QUE/ION FAIRLY & FRANKLY1 & 9 REPLY TO PLA9LY /ATE \R [N CONVICTIONS ON ! SUBJECT4 

,HUMAN BE+S HAVE SOMETIMES HELD BELIEFS ( :I* MURD] WAS ! LOGICAL & NECESS>Y \TCOME1 AS1 = 9/ANCE1 ! ,?UGS 9 ,9DIA1 :O LOOK$ UPON ! MURD] ( TRAVEL]S AS A RELIGI\S OBLIGATION3 IS ,AN>*ISM SU* A BELIEF8 ,IF IT IS1 !N ! ,SPANI% PEOPLE >E C]TA9LY JU/IFI$ 9 CLE>+ !IR C\NTRY ( ,AN>*I/S2 EV5 ?\< ! P]PETRATION ( ! ,B>CELONA \TRAGE BE NEV] DIRECTLY TRAC$ TO !M2 & ! ,5GLI% PEOPLE WILL BE JU/IFI$ 9 REG>D+ !IR ,AN>*I/ C\NTRYM5 AS 5EMIES1 DANG]\S 9 PROPORTION AS !Y >E 5]GETIC & S9C]E4 

,WE PROPOSE TO 9QUIRE1 FIR/LY1 IF HOMICIDAL \TRAGE IS ! LOGICAL \TCOME ( ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES2 SECONDLY1 IF SU* \TRAGE IS A NECESS>Y ME?OD 9 ! PRACTICAL ATTEMPT TO 9TRODUCE ,AN>*ISM AS A PR9CIPLE ( CONDUCT1 A TRANS=M+ AG5CY1 9TO EXI/+ SOCIETY2 ?IRDLY1 WE PROPOSE TO GIVE \R VIEW ( HOMICIDAL \TRAGE AS AN ACTUAL SOCIAL PH5OM5ON1 ! EXI/5CE ( :I*1 :ATEV] BE ITS CAUSE1 CANNOT BE DISPUT$4 

,I4 ,IS HOMICIDAL \TRAGE ! LOGICAL \TCOME ( ,AN>*I/ CONVICTIONS8 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,AN>*I/ LOOKS UPON HUMAN SOCIETIES AS1 ESS5TIALLY1 NATURAL GR\PS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 :O HAVE GR[N 9TO ASSOCIATION = ! SAKE ( MUTUALLY AID+ ONE ANO!R 9 SELF-PROTECTION & SELF-DEVELOPM5T4 ,>TIFICIALLY =M$ ,EMPIRES1 CON/RUCT$ & HELD TOGE!R BY =CE1 HE REG>DS AS MIS]ABLE %AMS4 ,! SOCIETIES HE RECOGNIZES >E ?OSE NATURALLY B\ND TOGE!R BY REAL SYMPA?IES & COMMON IDEAS & AIMS4 ,& 9 HIS EYES1 ! TRUE PURPOSE ( EV]Y SU* NATURAL SOCIETY1 :E!R IT BE A NATION OR A F$]ATION ( NATIONS1 A TRIBE OR A VILLAGE COMMUNITY1 IS TO GIVE TO EV]Y MEMB] ( IT ! L>GE/ POSSIBLE OPPORTUNITIES 9 LIFE4 ,! OBJECT ( ASSOCIAT+ IS TO 9CREASE ! OPPORTUNITIES ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,ONE ISOLAT$ HUMAN BE+ IS HELPLESS1 A HOPELESS SLAVE TO EXT]NAL NATURE2 :]EAS ! LIMITS ( :AT IS POSSIBLE TO HUMAN BE+S 9 FREE & RATIONAL ASSOCIATION >E AS YET UNIMAG9$4 

,N[ ! ,AN>*I/ HOLDS A NATURAL HUMAN SOCIETY GOOD 9 PROPORTION AS IT ANSW]S :AT HE BELIEVES TO BE ITS TRUE PURPOSE1 & BAD 9 PROPORTION AS IT DEP>TS FROM ?AT PURPOSE1 & 9/EAD ( 5L>G+ ! LIVES ( ! 9DIVIDUALS COMPOS+ IT CRU%ES & N>R[S !M4 

,= 9/ANCE1 :5 9 ,5GL& A COMP>ATIVELY FEW M5 CLAIM A RI<T TO EXCLUSIVE POSSESSION ( ! SOIL1 & !REBY PREV5T O!RS FROM 5JOY+ OR US+ IT EXCEPT UPON H>D & /9T+ T]MS1 ! ,AN>*I/ SAYS ?AT ,5GLI% ,SOCIETY1 9 SO F> AS IT RECOGNIZES SU* AN >RANGEM5T1 IS BAD & FAILS ( ITS PURPOSE2 BECAUSE SU* AN >RANGEM5T 9/EAD ( 5L>G+ ! OPPORTUNITIES = A FULL HUMAN LIFE = EV]YBODY1 CRUELLY CURTAILS !M = ALL AGRICULTURAL WORK]S & MANY O!RS1 & MOREOV] IS =C$ ON SUFF]]S AGA9/ !IR WILL1 & NOT >RIV$ AT1 AS ALL SOCIAL >RANGM5TS \<T TO BE1 BY MUTUAL AGREEM5T4 

,SU* BE+ HIS VIEW ( HUMAN SOCIETIES 9 G5]AL1 ! ,AN>*I/1 ( C\RSE1 5DEAVORS TO F9D \T1 & MAKE CLE> TO HIMSELF & O!RS1 ! MA9 CAUSES :Y \R [N EXI/+ SOCIETY IS H]E & N[ FAIL+ SO DISMALLY1 9 MANY DIRECTIONS1 TO FULFILL ITS TRUE FUNCTION4 ,& HE HAS >RIV$ AT ! CONCLUSION ?AT !SE CAUSES ( FAILURE >E MA9LY TWO4 ,FIR/1 ! UNHAPPY RECOGNITION ( ! AU?ORITY ( MAN OV] MAN AS A MORALLY RI<T PR9CIPLE1 A ?+ TO BE ACCEPT$ & SUBMITT$ TO1 9/EAD ( BE+ RESI/$ AS ESS5TIALLY EVIL & WRONG4 ,& SECOND1 ! EQUALLY UNHAPPY RECOGNITION ( ! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 I4E4 ! RI<T ( 9DIVIDUALS1 :O HAVE COMPLI$ ) C]TA9 LEGAL =MALITIES1 TO MONOPOLIZE MAT]IAL ?+S1 :E!R !Y >E US+ !M OR NE$ TO USE !M OR NOT1 & :E!R !Y HAVE PRODUC$ !M OR NOT4 ,TO ! ,AN>*I/1 ! /ATE ( ! PUBLIC CONSCI5CE :I* P]MITS !SE TWO PR9CIPLES ( AU?ORITY & PROP]TY TO HOLD SWAY 9 \R SOCIAL LIFE SEEMS TO LIE AT ! ROOT ( \R MIS]ABLY DESOCIALIS$ CONDITION2 & !RE=E HE IS AT W> ) ALL 9/ITUTIONS & ALL HABITS :I* >E BAS$ ON !SE PR9CIPLES OR T5D TO KEEP !M UP4 ,HE IS NOT ! 5EMY ( SOCIETY1 NEV] ( SOCIETY1 ONLY ( ANTI-SOCIAL ABUSES4 

,HE IS NOT ! 5EMY ( ANY MAN OR SET ( M51 BUT ( EV]Y SY/EM & WAY ( ACT+ :I* PRESSES CRUELLY UPON ANY HUMAN BE+1 & TAKES AWAY FROM HIM ANY ( ! *ANCES NATURE MAY HAVE ALL[$ HIM ( OPPORTUNITIES EQUAL TO ?OSE ( HIS FELL[ M54 

,SU*1 9 G5]AL T]MS1 IS ! M5TAL ATTITUDE ( ! ,AN>*I/ T[>DS ,SOCIETY1 & B5EA? ?IS ATTITUDE1 AT ! ROOT ( !SE !ORIES & BELIEFS LIES SOME?+ DEEP]3 A S5SE ( PASSIONATE REV]5CE = HUMAN P]SONALITY2 ?AT NEW-BORN S5SE -- P]HAPS ! PR(\NDE/ EXP]I5CE :I* ! AGES HAVE HI!RTO REVEAL$ TO MAN -- :I* IS YET DE/9$ TO TRANS=M HUMAN RELATIONS & ! HUMAN S\L2 ?AT S5SE :I* IS /ILL =MLESS & 9EXPRESSIBLE TO MO/ ( US1 EV5 ?OSE :OM IT MO/ /RONGLY /IRS1 & TO :I* ,WALT ,:ITMAN HAS GIV5 ! MO/ ADEQUATE1 & YET A MO/ 9ADEQUATE & P>TIAL VOICE3 

,EA* ( US IS 9EVITABLE1 
,EA* ( US IS LIMITLESS -- EA* ( US ) HIS OR H] RI<T UPON ! E>?1 
,EA* ( US ALL['D ! ET]NAL PURPORTS ( ! E>?1 
,EA* ( US H]E AS DIV9ELY AS ANY IS H]E4 

,IS ?IS AN ATTITUDE ( HE>T & M9D :I* MU/ LOGICALLY LEAD A MAN TO COMMIT HOMICIDAL \TRAGE8 ,) SU* FEEL+S1 ) SU* CONVICTIONS MU/ WE NOT RA!R ATTA* A PECULI> SANCTITY TO HUMAN LIFE8 ,&1 9 FACT1 ! G5U9E ,AN>*I/ LOOKS ) %E] HORROR UPON EV]Y DE/RUCTION1 EV]Y MUTILATION ( A HUMAN BE+1 PHYSICAL OR MORAL4 ,HE LOA!S W>S1 EXECUTIONS & IMPRISONM5TS1 ! GR9D+ D[N ( ! WORK]'S :OLE NATURE 9 A DRE>Y R\ND ( TOIL1 ! SEXUAL & ECONOMIC SLAV]Y ( WOM51 ! OPPRESSION ( *ILDR51 ! CRIPPL+ & POISON+ ( HUMAN NATURE BY ! PREV5TABLE CRUELTY & 9JU/ICE ( MAN TO MAN 9 EV]Y %APE & =M4 ,C]TA9LY1 ?IS FRAME ( M9D & HOMICIDAL \TRAGE CANNOT /& 9 ! RELATION ( CAUSE & EFFECT4 

,I,I4 ,?\< ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES DO NOT 9 !MSELVES LOGICALLY LEAD TO ! COMMISSION ( HOMICIDAL \TRAGES1 DO !Y PRACTICALLY DRIVE ! ACTIVE ,AN>*I/ 9TO ?IS C\RSE BY CLOS+ O!R MEANS ( ACTION8 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT HIS CONVICTIONS CLOSE TO ! CONSCI5TI\S ,AN>*I/ ONE =M ( SOCIAL ACTION1 JU/ N[ UN=TUNATELY POPUL>1 I4E4 P>LIAM5T>Y AGITATION4 

,HE CANNOT CONSCI5TI\SLY TAKE P>T 9 ANY SORT ( GOV]NM5T1 OR TRY TO RELIEVE ! CRUEL PRESSURE UPON HUMAN LIVES BY MEANS ( GOV]NM5TAL RE=MS1 BECAUSE ONE ( ! WOR/ POSSIBLE EVILS HE C\LD DO HIS FELL[ M5 W\LD1 9 HIS EYES1 BE TO /R5G!N !IR IDEA ?AT ! RULE ( MAN OV] MAN IS A RI<T & B5EFICIAL ?+4 ,=1 ( C\RSE1 EV]Y WELL MEANT ATTEMPT ( ! M5 9 P[] TO BETT] ?+S T5DS TO CONFIRM PEOPLE 9 ! BELIEF ?AT TO HAVE M5 9 P[] IS1 AFT] ALL1 NOT A SOCIAL EVIL4 ,:]EAS ! AIM ( ! ,AN>*I/ IS TO CONV9CE HIS FELL[ M5 ?AT AU?ORITY IS NO ESS5TIAL P>T ( HUMAN ASSOCIATION1 BUT A DISRUPTIVE ELEM5T RA!R1 & ONE TO BE ELIM9AT$1 IF WE W\LD HAVE SOCIAL UNION )\T UNJU/ & UNEQUAL SOCIAL PRESSURE4 ,! CURR5T POLITICAL MEANS ( ACTION & PROTE/1 !RE=E1 >E B>R$ TO ! ,AN>*I/1 BY ! NEW BORN CONCEPTION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS :I* IS ! KEY NOTE ( HIS CRE$4 ,ON ?IS PO9T HE DIFF]S FROM ALL O!R ,SOCIALI/S & SOCIAL RE=M]S4 

,BUT IS ! HOMICIDE ! NECESS>Y ANTI!SIS ( P>LIAM5T>Y AGITATION8 ,MU/ ! MAN :O LOOKS UPON POLITICAL ACTION1 AS COMMONLY UND]/OOD1 AS USELESS & WORSE1 NECESS>ILY 5DEAVOR TO SPREAD HIS VIEWS OR IMPROVE SOCIETY BY \TRAGES UPON HIS FELL[-M58 

,! QUE/ION IS OBVI\SLY ABSURD4 ,IF ONE P>TICUL> WAY IS B>R$1 AN 9F9ITE V>IETY ( O!R WAYS >E OP54 ,! GREAT *ANGES 9 ! WORLD'S HI/ORY1 ! GREAT ADVANCES 9 HUMAN DEVELOPM5T HAVE NOT BE5 EI!R SET AGO+ OR ACCOMPLI%$ BY ! AU?ORITY ( K+S & RUL]S1 BUT BY ! 9ITIATIVE ( ?IS MAN & ?AT 9 MAK+ FRE% ADAPTATIONS TO *ANG+ MAT]IAL CONDITIONS1 & BY ! NATURAL & VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION ( ?OSE :O SAW1 OR EV5 BL9DLY FELT ! NECESSITY = A NEW DEP>TURE4 ,& N[1 AS ALWAYS1 ! GREAT SOCIAL *ANGE :I* ! MO/ CALL\S FEEL TO BE AT \R DOORS1 IS SPR++ FROM ! MASSES1 ! 9MO/ DEP?S ( ! NATION 9 REVOLT AGA9/ UN5DURABLE MIS]Y1 & FIR$ ) A NEW HOPE = BETT] ?+S4 ,WE ,AN>*I/S HAVE ! :OLE ( ?IS VA/ SPH]E = \R ACTION3 ! NATURAL & VOLUNT>Y SOCIAL LIFE ( \R C\NTRYM54 ,NOT A SOCIETY F\ND$ ON PR9CIPLES ( VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION = ANY USEFUL PURPOSE :ATEV]1 BUT \R PLACE IS !RE4 ,NOT A NATURAL HUMAN RELATION%IP1 BUT IT IS \R WORK TO 9FUSE IT ) A NEW SPIRIT4 ,IS NOT ?IS FIELD WIDE 5\< = ! ZEAL ( ! MO/ FI]Y PROPAG&I/8 ,MORE P>TICUL>LY 9 ,5GL&1 AT ?IS MOM5T1 WE F9D AS A FIELD = \R 5DEAVORS ! VA/ =CE ( ! ORGANIZ$ LABOR MOVEM5T1 A =CE :I*1 RI<TLY APPLI$1 C\LD H]E & N[ BR+ AB\T ! ECONOMIC SIDE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 ,NOT ! P>LIAM5T1 NOT ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT ! ORGANIZ$ WORKM5 ( ,5GL& -- ?AT M9ORITY ( ! PRODUC]S :O >E ALREADY ORGANIZ$ -- C\LD1 IF !Y W\LD1 & IF !Y KNEW H[1 PUT AN 5D TO CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 L&LORD MONOPOLY1 TO ! />VATION ( ! POOR1 ! HOPELESSNESS ( ! UNEMPLOY$4 ,!Y HAVE1 :AT GOV]NM5T HAS NOT1 ! P[] TO DO ?IS2 !Y LACK ONLY ! 9TELLIG5CE TO GRASP ! SITUATION1 & ! RESOLUTION TO ACT4 ,9 ! FACE ( SU* A /ATE ( ?+S AS ?IS1 HAS ! PROPAG&I/ ( ,SOCIALISM1 :O WILL NONE ( P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS1 NO SPH]E ( ACTION LEFT BUT HOMICIDE8 ,SU* A QUE/ION1 WE SAY AGA91 IS ABSURD1 & WE ONLY RAISE & ANSW] IT H]E BECAUSE C]TA9 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS HAVE N[ & AGA9 CONSID]$ IT WOR? ASK+4 

,I,I,I4 ,:ILE HOMICIDAL \TRAGES >E NEI!R A LOGICAL \TCOME ( ,AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES NOR A PRACTICAL NECESSITY ( ,AN>*I/ ACTION1 !Y >E A SOCIAL PH5OM5ON :I* ,AN>*I/S & ALL ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES MU/ BE PREP>$ TO FACE4 

,!RE IS A TRUISM ?AT ! MAN 9 ! /REET SEEMS ALWAYS TO =GET1 :5 HE IS ABUS+ ! ,AN>*I/S1 OR :ATEV] P>TY HAPP5S TO BE HIS BETE NOIR = ! MOM5T1 AS ! CAUSE ( SOME \TRAGE JU/ P]PETRAT$4 ,?IS 9DISPUTABLE FACT IS ?AT HOMICIDAL \TRAGES HAVE1 FROM TIME IMMEMORIAL1 BE5 ! REPLY ( GOAD$ & DESP]ATE CLASSES1 & GOAD$ & DESP]ATE 9DIVIDUALS1 TO WRONGS FROM !IR FELL[ M5 :I* !Y HAVE FELT TO BE 9TOL]ABLE4 ,SU* ACTS >E ! VIOL5T RECOIL FROM VIOL5CE1 :E!R AGGRESSIVE OR REPRESSIVE2 !Y >E ! LA/ DESP]ATE /RUGGLE ( \TRAG$ & EXASP]AT$ HUMAN NATURE = BREA?+ SPACE & LIFE4 ,& !IR CAUSE LIES NOT 9 ANY SPECIAL CONVICTION1 BUT 9 ! DEP?S ( ?AT HUMAN NATURE ITSELF4 ,! :OLE C\RSE ( HI/ORY1 POLITICAL & SOCIAL1 IS /REWN ) EVID5CE ( ?IS FACT4 ,TO GO NO FUR!R1 TAKE ! ?REE MO/ NOTORI\S EXAMPLES ( POLITICAL P>TIES GOAD$ 9TO \TRAGE DUR+ ! LA/ ?IRTY YE>S3 ! ,MAZZ9IANS 9 ,ITALY1 ! ,F5IANS 9 ,IREL&1 & ! ,T]RORI/S 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,W]E !SE PEOPLE ,AN>*I/S8 ,NO4 ,! ,MAZZ9IANS W]E ,REPUBLICANS1 ! ,F5IANS POLITICAL SEP>ATI/S1 ! ,RUSSIANS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS OR ,CON/ITUTIONALI/S4 ,BUT ALL W]E DRIV5 BY DESP]ATE CIRCUM/ANCES 9TO ?IS T]RIBLE =M ( REVOLT4 ,& :5 WE TURN FROM P>TIES TO 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE ACT$ 9 LIKE MANN]1 WE /& APPALL$ BY ! NUMB] ( HUMAN BE+S GOAD$ & DRIV5 BY %E] DESP]ATION 9TO CONDUCT OBVI\SLY VIOL5TLY OPPOS$ TO !IR SOCIAL 9/9CTS4 

,N[ ?AT ,AN>*ISM HAS BECOME A LIV+ =CE 9 SOCIETY1 SU* DE$S HAVE BE5 SOMETIMES COMMITT$ BY ,AN>*I/S1 AS WELL AS BY O!RS4 ,= NO NEW FAI?1 EV5 ! MO/ ESS5TIALLY PEACEABLE & HUMANE ! M9D ( MAN HAS AS YET ACCEPT$1 BUT AT ITS FIR/ COM+ HAS BR\<T UPON E>? NOT PEACE BUT A SWORD2 NOT BECAUSE ( ANY?+ VIOL5T OR ANTI-SOCIAL 9 ! DOCTR9E ITSELF2 SIMPLY BECAUSE ( ! F]M5T ANY NEW & CREATIVE IDEA EXCITES 9 M5'S M9DS1 :E!R !Y ACCEPT OR REJECT IT4 ,& A CONCEPTION LIKE ,AN>*ISM1 :I*1 ON ! ONE H&1 ?REAT5S EV]Y VE/$ 9T]E/1 &1 ON ! O!R1 HOLDS \T A VISION ( A FREE & NOBLE LIFE TO BE WON BY /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXI/+ WRONGS1 IS C]TA9 TO R\SE ! FI]CE/ OPPOSITION1 & BR+ ! :OLE REPRESSIVE =CE ( ANCI5T EVIL 9TO VIOL5T CONTACT ) ! TUMULTU\S \TBUR/ ( A NEW HOPE4 

,UND] MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS ( LIFE1 ANY VISION ( ! POSSIBILITY ( BETT] ?+S MAKES ! PRES5T MIS]Y MORE 9TOL]ABLE1 & SPURS ?OSE :O SUFF] TO ! MO/ 5]GETIC /RUGGLES TO IMPROVE !IR LOT1 & IF !SE /RUGGLES ONLY IMM$IATELY RESULT 9 %>P] MIS]Y1 ! \TCOME IS (T5 %E] DESP]ATION4 ,9 \R PRES5T SOCIETY1 = 9/ANCE1 AN EXPLOIT$ WAGE-WORK]1 :O CAT*ES A GLIMPSE ( :AT WORK & LIFE MI<T & \<T TO BE1 F9DS ! TOILSOME R\T9E1 & ! SQUALOR ( HIS EXI/5CE ALMO/ 9TOL]ABLE2 & EV5 :5 HE HAS ! RESOLUTION & C\RAGE TO CONT9UE /EADILY WORK+ HIS BE/1 & WAIT+ TILL ! NEW IDEAS HAVE SO P]MEAT$ SOCIETY AS TO PAVE ! WAY = BETT] TIMES1 ! M]E FACT ?AT HE HAS SU* IDEAS1 & TRIES TO SPREAD !M1 BR+S HIM 9TO DIFFICULTIES ) HIS EMPLOY]S4 ,H[ MANY ?\S&S ( ,SOCIALI/S1 & ABOVE ALL ( ,AN>*I/S HAVE LO/ WORK1 & EV5 ! *ANCE ( WORK1 SOLELY ON ! GR\NDS ( !IR OP9IONS4 ,IT IS ONLY ! SPECIALLY GIFT$ CRAFTSMAN :O1 IF HE BE A ZEAL\S PROPAG&I/1 CAN HOPE TO RETA9 P]MAN5T EMPLOYM5T4 ,& :AT HAPP5S TO A MAN ) HIS BRA9S WORK+ ACTIVELY ) A F]M5T ( NEW IDEAS1 ) A VISION BE=E HIS EYES ( A NEW HOPE DAWN+ = TOIL+ & AGONIZ+ M51 ) ! KN[L$GE ?AT HIS SUFF]+ & ?AT ( HIS FELL[S 9 MIS]Y IS CAUS$ NOT BY ! CRUELTY ( ,FATE BUT BY ! 9JU/ICE ( O!R HUMAN BE+S1 -- :AT HAPP5S TO SU* A MAN :5 HE SEES ?OSE DE> TO HIM />V+1 :5 HE HIMSELF IS />V$8 ,SOME NATURES 9 SU* A PLI<T1 & ?OSE BY NO MEANS ! LEA/ SOCIAL OR ! LEA/ S5SITIVE1 WILL BECOME VIOL5T1 & WILL EV5 FEEL ?AT !IR VIOL5CE IS SOCIAL & NOT ANTI-SOCIAL1 ?AT 9 /RIK+ :5 & H[ !Y CAN1 !Y >E /RIK+ NOT = !MSELVES BUT = HUMAN NATURE1 \TRAG$ & DESPOIL$ 9 !IR P]SONS & 9 ?OSE ( !IR FELL[ SUFF]]S4 ,& >E WE1 :O \RSELVES >E NOT 9 ?IS HORRIBLE PR$ICAM5T1 TO /& BY & COLDLY CONDEMN !SE PITE\S VICTIMS ( ! ,FURIES & ! ,FATES8 ,>E WE TO DECRY AS MISCREANTS !SE HUMAN BE+S1 :O ACT (T5 ) H]OIC SELF-DEVOTION1 SACRIFIC+ !IR LIVES 9 PROTE/ :]E LESS SOCIAL & 5]GETIC NATURES W\LD LIE D[N & GROVEL 9 ABJECT SUBMISSION TO 9JU/ICE & WRONG8 ,>E WE TO JO9 ! IGNORANT & BRUTAL \TCRY :I* /IGMATIZES SU* M5 AS MON/]S ( WICK$NESS1 GRATUIT\SLY RUNN+ AMOK 9 A H>MONI\S & 9NOC5TLY PEACEFUL SOCIETY8 ,NO6 ,WE HATE MURD] ) A HATR$ ?AT MAY SEEM ABSURDLY EXAGG]AT$ TO APOLOGI/S = ,MATABELE MASSACRES1 TO CALL\S ACQUIESC]S 9 HANG+S & BOMB>DM5TS1 BUT WE DECL9E1 9 SU* CASES ( HOMICIDE OR ATTEMPT$ HOMICIDE AS ?OSE ( :I* WE >E TREAT+1 TO BE GUILTY ( ! CRUEL 9JU/ICE ( FL++ ! :OLE RESPONSIBILITY ( ! DE$ UPON ! IMM$IATE P]PETRATOR4 ,! GUILT ( !SE HOMICIDES LIES UPON EV]Y MAN & WOMAN :O1 9T5TIONALLY OR BY COLD 9DIFF]5CE1 HELPS TO KEEP UP SOCIAL CONDITIONS ?AT DRIVE HUMAN BE+S TO DESPAIR4 ,! MAN :O FL+S HIS :OLE S\L 9TO ! ATTEMPT1 AT ! CO/ ( HIS [N LIFE1 TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! WRONGS ( HIS FELL[ M51 IS A SA9T COMP>$ TO ! ACTIVE & PASSIVE UPHOLD]S ( CRUELTY & 9JU/ICE1 EV5 IF HIS PROTE/ DE/ROY O!R LIVES BESIDES HIS [N4 ,LET HIM :O IS )\T S9 9 SOCIETY CA/ ! FIR/ /ONE AT SU* AN ONE4 

,BUT WE SAY TO NO MAN3 0,G,O ,& ,D,O ,?,\ ,L,I,K,E,W,I,S,E40 

,! MAN :O 9 ORD9>Y CIRCUM/ANCES & 9 COLD BLOOD W\LD COMMIT SU* DE$S IS SIMPLY A HOMICIDAL MANIAC2 NOR DO WE BELIEVE !Y CAN BE JU/IFI$ UPON ANY M]E GR\ND ( EXP$I5CY4 ,LEA/ ( ALL DO WE ?9K ?AT ANY HUMAN BE+ HAS A RI<T TO EGG ON ANO!R P]SON TO SU* A C\RSE ( ACTION4 ,WE ACCEPT ! PH5OM5A ( HOMICIDAL \TRAGE AS AMONG ! MO/ T]RIBLE FACTS ( HUMAN EXP]I5CE2 WE 5DEAVOR TO LOOK SU* FACTS FULL 9 ! FACE ) ! UND]/&+ ( HUMANE JU/ICE2 & WE BELIEVE ?AT WE >E DO+ \R UTMO/ TO PUT AN 5D TO !M BY SPREAD+ ,AN>*I/ IDEAS ?R\<\T SOCIETY4 

,SUPPOSE A /REET :]E ! DRA9AGE SY/EM HAS GOT ?OR\<LY \T ( ORD]1 & ! F\LNESS ( ! SEW] GAS IS CAUS+ S]I\S ILLNESS ?R\<\T ! NEI<BORHOOD4 ,! 9TELLIG5T 9HABITANTS WILL FIR/ ( ALL SEEK ! CAUSE ( ! ILLNESS1 & !N1 HAV+ TRAC$ IT TO ! CONDITION ( ! DRA9AGE1 WILL 9SI/ UPON LAY+ ! SEW] OP51 9VE/IGAT+ ! /ATE ( ! PIPES1 & :]E NE$FUL1 LAY+ NEW ONES4 ,9 ?IS PROCESS IT IS V]Y PROBABLE 9DE$ ?AT ! ILLNESS 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD MAY BE TEMPOR>ILY 9CREAS$ BY ! LAY+ OP5 ( ! F\LNESS )91 & ?AT SOME ( ?OSE :O DO ! WORK MAY BE !MSELVES POISON$1 OR C>RY ! 9FECTION TO O!RS4 ,BUT IS ?AT A REASON = NOT OP5+ & REPAIR+ ! DRA98 ,OR W\LD IT BE FAIR OR RATIONAL TO SAY ! ILLNESS 9 ! NEI<BORHOOD WAS CAUS$ BY ! PEOPLE :O DID ?IS WORK OR 9SI/$ UPON IT BE+ DONE8 ,YET SU* IS MU* ! ATTITUDE ( ?OSE CRITICS ( ,AN>*ISM :O TRY TO MAKE IT APPE> ?AT WE ,AN>*I/S >E RESPONSIBLE = :AT IS ! NATURAL RESULT ( ! SOCIAL EVILS WE PO9T \T & /RUGGLE AGA9/4 

,& H[ AB\T ?OSE ,AN>*I/S :O USE BLOOD?IR/Y LANGUAGE8 ,NO WORDS CAN BE TOO /RONG TO D5\NCE ! WRONGS N[ 9FLICT$ BY ONE HUMAN BE+ UPON ANO!R2 BUT VIOL5T LANGUAGE IS BY NO MEANS ! SAME AS =CIBLE LANGUAGE1 & V]Y (T5 CONVEYS AN IMPRESSION ( WEAKNESS RA!R ?AN ( /R5G?4 ,SAVAGE TALK IS (T5 A SORT ( RELIEF1 :I* HALF DESP]ATE M5 GIVE TO !IR TORTUR$ N]VES2 SOMETIMES IT IS ! PASSIONATE EXPRESSION ( ! FR5ZY ( 9DIGNATION FELT BY AN 5?USIA/ICALLY SOCIAL NATURE AT ! SI<T ( OPPRESSION & SUFF]+2 OR IT MAY BE ONLY ! H>EBRA9$ RATTLE ( A FOOL SEEK+ A S5SATION2 BUT :ATEV] ITS NATURE1 \R POSITION ) REG>D TO IT IS WELL EXPRESS$ BY ,MR4 ,AUB]ON ,H]B]T 9 HIS LETT] TO ! ,WE/M9/] ,GAZETTE1 ,NOV4 #b#b3 0,( ALL ! MIS]ABLE1 UNPR(ITABLE1 +LORI\S W>S 9 ! WORLD IS ! W> AGA9/ WORDS4 ,LET M5 SAY JU/ :AT !Y LIKE4 ,LET !M PROPOSE TO CUT EV]Y ?ROAT & BUM EV]Y H\SE -- IF SO !Y LIKE IT4 ,WE HAVE NO?+ TO DO ) A MAN'S WORDS OR A MAN'S ?\<TS1 EXCEPT TO PUT AGA9/ !M BETT] WORDS OR BETT] ?\<TS1 & SO TO W9 9 ! GREAT MORAL & 9TELLECTUAL DUEL ?AT IS ALWAYS GO+ ON1 & ON :I* ALL PROGRESS DEP5DS40 

,EV]Y MAN1 ,AN>*I/ OR NOT1 MU/ SPEAK AS HE ?9KS FIT1 BUT IF AN ,AN>*I/ CANNOT RESI/ US+ ! LANGUAGE ( BLOOD?IR/Y REV5GE1 HE W\LD DO V]Y WELL TO FOLL[ ! HONE/ EXAMPLE REC5TLY SET BY ! $ITOR ( ! ,COMMONWEAL1 & PLA9LY SAY1 0,?IS IS NOT ,AN>*ISM40 

,GOV]NM5T & ,HOMICIDAL ,\TRAGE 7,M>IE ,L\ISE ,B]N]I7.<#a.> 

 ,:5 ! PORT ( ,NAPLES IS BOMB$1 IT IS ! ?ICKLY POPULAT$ WORK+ CLASS DI/RICT :I* SURR\NDS ! H>BOR ?AT SUFF]S MO/4 ,! BOMBS DO NOT HIT ! SUMPTU\S VILLAS ( RI* ,FASCI/S :I* >E SCATT]$ ALONG ! %ORES ( ! BAY ( ,NAPLES2 !Y HIT ?OSE HI< /ORI$ H\SES SO CR[D$ ONE ON TOP ( ! O!R ?AT ! /REETS >E NO MORE ?AN D>K PASSAGES BETWE5 !M2 H\SES :]E PEOPLE LIVE F\R OR FIVE TO A ROOM4 

,:5 ,G]MAN CITIES >E BOMB$ IT IS NOT ! ,NAZI ELITE :I* SUFF]S4 ,!Y HAVE DEEP & COM=TABLE %ELT]S JU/ LIKE ! ELITE 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,!IR FAMILIES HAVE BE5 EVACUAT$ TO SAFE DI/RICTS OR TO ,SWITZ]L&4 ,BUT ! WORK]S CANNOT ESCAPE4 ,! CITY PROLET>IAT1 ! ,FR5*1 ,DUT*1 ,BELGIAN & ,SC&9AVIAN WORK]S >E =C$ BY ,HIMML]'S FACTORY ,GE/APO TO GO ON WORK+ 9 SPITE ( HEAVY BOMB+4 ,= !M ESCAPE IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,WORK]S 9 ,BRITI% MUNITION FACTORIES & AIRCRAFT FACTORIES >E ASK$ TO REJOICE AT ?IS :OLESALE DE/RUCTION FROM :I* !RE IS NO ESCAP+4 ,PHOTOGRAPHS1 %[+ GREAT HEAPS ( RU9S1 >E PLA/]$ ALL OV] ! WALLS ) ! CAPTION 0,?IS IS Y\R WORK04 ,! RUL+ CLASS WANTS !M TO BE PR\D ?AT !Y HAVE HELP$ TO DE/ROY WORK+ CLASS FAMILIES4 ,= ?AT IS :AT !Y HAVE DONE4 ,!Y HAVE HELP$ !IR MA/]S TO /AGE MASSACRES COMP>$ ) :I* ! DE/RUCTION ( ,GU]NICA1 ! BOMB+ ( ,ROTT]DAM & ,W>SAW LOOK LIKE PLAY+ AT W>4 ,SU* PO/]S %\LD \TRAGE HUMANITY1 MAKE !M FEEL SICK AT ! ROLE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY CALLS UPON !M TO PLAY4 

,! ,ITALIAN WORK]S HAVE %[N ?AT1 9 SPITE ( TW5TY YE>S ( FASCI/ OPPRESSION1 !Y KNEW BETT] :]E !IR CLASS 9T]E/S LAY4 ,!Y HAVE REFUS$ TO BE WILL+ TOOLS 9 ! H&S ( ! BOSSES4 ,!Y HAVE GONE ON /RIKE1 HAVE SABOTAG$ W> 9DU/RY1 HAVE CUT TELEPHONE WIRES & DISORGANIZ$ TRANSPORT4 ,:AT IS ! ANSW] ( ,DEMOCRATIC ,BRITA9 TO !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM8 ,BOMB+ & MORE BOMB+4 ,! ,ALLIES HAVE ASK$ ! ,ITALIAN PEOPLE TO WEAK5 ,MUSSOL9I'S W> MA*9E1 & WE N[ TAKE ADVANTAGE ( !IR [N WEAKNESS TO BOMB !M TO BITS4 

,\R POLITICIANS PR(ESS$ TO WANT REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPE TO OV]?R[ FASCISM4 ,BUT IT IS N[ CLE>] ?AN EV] ?AT :AT !Y >E MO/ AFRAID ( IS ?AT FASCISM %\LD BE OV]?R[N BY POPUL> REVOLT4 ,!Y >E T]RIFI$ ( REVOLUTION1 T]RIFI$ ( 0,AN>*Y04 ,!Y WANT TO E/ABLI% 0ORD]01 & AS ALWAYS !Y >E PREP>$ TO WADE ?R\< RIV]S ( BLOOD TO SECURE !IR IDEA ( ORD] -- ORD] 9 :I* ! WORK]S ACCEPT !IR LOT ( POV]TY & PA9 ) RESIGNATION4 

,H[ MANY TIMES 9 ! PA/ HAVE WE HE>D ?AT ,AN>*ISM MEANS BOMBS1 ?AT AN>*I/S WORK = :OLESALE DE/RUCTION4 ,H[ MANY TIMES HAS RUL+ CLASS POLICE REPRESSION BE5 9/ITUT$ BECAUSE AN AN>*I/ HAS ATTEMPT$ TO ASSASS9ATE A S+LE RUL] OR REACTION>Y POLITICIAN8 ,BUT ONE S+LE ,HAMBURGIZ+ RAID KILLS MORE M5 & WOM5 & *ILDR5 ?AN HAVE BE5 KILL$ 9 ! :OLE ( HI/ORY1 TRUE OR 9V5T$1 ( AN>*I/ BOMBS4 ,! AN>*I/ BOMBS W]E AIM$ AT TYRANTS :O W]E RESPONSIBLE = ! MIS]Y ( MILLIONS2 RUL+ CLASS BOMBS JU/ KILL ?\S&S ( WORK]S 9DISCRIM9ATELY4 

0,DISORD]01 0,AN>*Y01 CRI$ ! B\RGEOIS ,PRESS :5 S+LE-H&$ RESOLUTES LIKE ,SB>DELOTTO1 ,S*IRRU & ,LUCETTI1 TRI$ TO KILL ,MUSSOL9I4 ,N[ ! SAME CAPITALI/S WANT TO RUB :OLE CITIES (F ! MAP ( ,EUROPE2 WANT TO R$UCE :OLE POPULATIONS TO />VATION1 ) ITS RESULT+ SC\RGE ( EPIDEMICS & DISEASE ALL OV] ! WORLD4 ,?IS IS ! PEACE & ORD] ?AT !Y WANT TO BR+ TO ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD ) !IR BOMBS4 

,AN>*ISM & ,VIOL5CE 7,V]NON ,RI*>DS7.<#a#a.> 

 ,VIOL5CE1 CONTR>Y TO POPUL> BELIEF1 IS NOT P>T ( ! AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY4 ,IT HAS REPEAT$LY BE5 PO9T$ \T BY AN>*I/ ?9K]S ?AT ! REVOLUTION CAN NEI!R BE WON1 NOR ! AN>*I/ SOCIETY E/ABLI%$ & MA9TA9$1 BY >M$ VIOL5CE4 ,REC\RSE TO VIOL5CE1 !N1 IS AN 9DICATION ( WEAKNESS1 NOT ( /R5G?1 & ! REVOLUTION ) ! GREATE/ POSSIBILITIES ( A SUCCESSFUL \TCOME WILL UND\BT$LY BE ! ONE 9 :I* !RE IS NO VIOL5CE1 OR 9 :I* VIOL5CE IS R$UC$ TO A M9IMUM1 = SU* A REVOLUTION W\LD 9DICATE ! NE> UNANIMITY ( ! POPULATION 9 ! OBJECTIVES ( ! REVOLUTION4 

,! USE ( VIOL5CE HAS BE5 JU/IFI$ BO? AS A PR9CIPLE & AS A MEANS TO AN 5D2 H>DLY EV]1 H[EV]1 BY AN>*I/S4 ,AT ! MO/ AN>*I/S HAVE JU/IFI$ ITS USE AS A REVOLUTION>Y NECESSITY1 OR TACTIC4 ,! MISUND]/&+ IS 9 P>T ! RESULT ( CONFUSION 9 T]MS = :I* ! AN>*I/S !MSELVES >E RESPONSIBLE4 ,WE REF]1 ( C\RSE1 TO ?OSE :O CALL !MSELVES PACIFI/-AN>*I/S1 & :O !REBY IMPLY ?AT ?OSE NOT 9CLUD$ 9 !SE CATEGORIES MU/ BE VIOL5T-AN>*I/S6 ,! FALLACY1 TO \R M9DS1 IS ?AT ( MAK+ NONVIOL5CE A PR9CIPLE1 :5 9 FACT IT IS NO MORE ?AN A TACTIC4 ,FUR!RMORE1 ! 0NONVIOL5T0 ADVOCATES FAIL TO MAKE A DI/9CTION BETWE5 VIOL5CE :I* IS US$ AS A MEANS = IMPOS+ ! WILL ( A GR\P OR CLASS1 & ?AT VIOL5CE :I* IS PURELY DEF5SIVE4 

,!RE >E MANY WAYS ( *ANG+ SOCIETY4 ,ONE IS BY EXT]M9AT+ MORALLY OR PHYSICALLY ALL ?OSE :O DISAGREE ) Y\R WAY ( ?9K+2 ! O!R IS BY FIR/ CONV9C+ SUFFICI5T PEOPLE ( ! RI<TNESS ( Y\R IDEAS4 ,BETWE5 !SE TWO EXTREMES >E A NUMB] ( V>IATIONS ( ! FIR/ !ME BUT1 WE SUBMIT1 !RE CAN BE NO V>IATIONS ON ! SECOND4 ,! SELF-/YL$ 0REALI/S0 AMONG ! LIB]T>IANS BELIEV$ ?AT COMPROMISE IS MORALLY JU/IFI$ S9CE IT PRODUCES RESULTS4 

,VIOL5CE AS A MEANS BRE$S VIOL5CE2 ! CULT ( P]SONALITIES AS A MEANS BRE$S DICTATORS -- BIG & SMALL -- & S]VILE MASSES2 GOV]NM5T -- EV5 ) ! COLLABORATION ( SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S -- BRE$S MORE GOV]NM5T4 ,SURELY !N1 FRE$OM AS A MEANS BRE$S MORE FRE$OM1 POSSIBLY EV5 ! ,FREE ,SOCIETY6 

,TO ?OSE :O SAY ?IS CONDEMNS ONE TO POLITICAL /]ILITY & ! ,IVORY ,T[] \R REPLY IS ?AT 0REALISM0 & !IR 0CIRCUM/ANTIALISM0 9V>IABLY LEAD TO DISA/]4 ,WE BELIEVE !RE IS SOME?+ MORE REAL1 MORE POSITIVE & MORE REVOLUTION>Y 9 RESI/+ W> ?AN 9 P>TICIPAT+ 9 IT2 ?AT IT IS MORE CIVILIZ$ & MORE REVOLUTION>Y TO DEF5D ! RI<T ( A FASCI/ TO LIVE ?AN TO SUPPORT ! ,TRIBUNALS :I* HAVE ! LEGAL P[]S TO %OOT HIM2 ?AT IT IS MORE REALI/IC TO TALK TO ! PEOPLE FROM ! GUTT] ?AN FROM GOV]NM5T B5*ES2 ?AT 9 ! LONG RUN IT IS MORE REW>D+ TO 9FLU5CE M9DS BY DISCUSSION ?AN TO MOLD !M BY CO]CION4 

,LA/1 BUT NOT LEA/1 ! QUE/ION IS ONE ( HUMAN DIGNITY1 ( SELF-RESPECT1 & ( RESPECT = ONE'S FELL[S4 ,!RE >E C]TA9 ?+S NO P]SON CAN DO )\T CEAS+ TO BE HUMAN4 ,AS AN>*I/S WE WILL+LY ACCEPT ! LIMITATIONS ?US IMPOS$ ON \R ACTIONS =1 9 ! WORDS ( ! OLD ,FR5* AN>*I/ ,SEBA/IAN ,FAURE3 0,I AM AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT IT IS NOT ALWAYS POSSIBLE TO DO :AT ONE %\LD DO2 BUT ,I KN[ ?AT !RE >E ?+S ?AT ON NO ACC\NT CAN ONE EV] DO04 

,>GUM5TS = ,GOV]NM5T ,ANSW]$ 

,! ,IDEA ( ,GOOD ,GOV]NM5T 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#a#b.> 

,NONE CAN JUDGE ) C]TA9TY :O IS RI<T & :O IS WRONG1 :O IS NE>E/ TO ! TRU?1 OR :I* IS ! BE/ WAY TO A*IEVE ! GREATE/ GOOD = EA* & EV]YONE4 ,FRE$OM C\PL$ ) EXP]I5CE1 IS ! ONLY WAY ( DISCOV]+ ! TRU? & :AT IS BE/2 & !RE CAN BE NO FRE$OM IF !RE IS A D5IAL ( ! FRE$OM TO ]R4 

,BUT :5 ONE TALKS ( FRE$OM POLITICALLY1 & NOT PHILOSOPHICALLY1 NOBODY ?9KS ( ! METAPHYSICAL BOGEY ( AB/RACT MAN :O EXI/S \TSIDE ! COSMIC & SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T & :O1 LIKE SOME GOD1 C\LD DO :AT HE WI%ES 9 ! ABSOLUTE S5SE ( ! WORD4 

,:5 ONE TALKS ( FRE$OM ONE IS SPEAK+ ( A SOCIETY 9 :I* NO ONE C\LD CON/RA9 HIS FELL[ BE+S )\T MEET+ ) VIGOR\S RESI/ANCE1 9 :I*1 ABOVE ALL1 NOBODY C\LD SEIZE & USE ! COLLECTIVE =CE TO IMPOSE HIS [N WI%ES ON O!RS & ON ! V]Y GR\PS :I* >E ! S\RCE ( P[]4 

,MAN IS NOT P]FECT1 AGRE$4 ,BUT ?IS IS ONE REASON MORE1 P]HAPS ! /RONGE/ REASON1 = NOT GIV+ ANYONE ! MEANS TO 0PUT ! BRAKES ON 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM40 

,MAN IS NOT P]FECT4 ,BUT !N :]E WILL ONE ALSO F9D M5 :O >E NOT ONLY GOOD 5\< TO LIVE AT PEACE ) O!RS1 BUT ALSO CAPABLE ( CONTROLL+ ! LIVES ( O!RS 9 AN AU?ORIT>IAN WAY8 ,& ASSUM+ ?AT !RE W]E1 :O W\LD APPO9T !M8 ,W\LD !Y IMPOSE !MSELVES8 ,BUT :O W\LD PROTECT !M FROM ! RESI/ANCE & ! VIOL5CE ( ! 0CRIM9ALS08 ,OR W\LD !Y BE *OS5 BY ! 0SOV]EIGN PEOPLE01 :I* IS CONSID]$ TOO IGNORANT & TOO WICK$ TO LIVE 9 PEACE1 BUT :I* SUDD5LY ACQUIRES ALL ! NECESS>Y GOOD QUALITIES :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( ASK+ IT TO *OOSE ITS RUL]S8 

,P[] ,CORRUPTS ! ,BE/ 7,MI*AEL ,BAKUN97.<#a#c.> 

,! ,/ATE IS NO?+ ELSE BUT ?IS DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION REGUL>IZ$ & SY/EMIZ$4 ,WE %ALL ATTEMPT TO DEMON/RATE IT BY EXAM9+ ! CONSEQU5CE ( ! GOV]NM5T ( ! MASSES ( ! PEOPLE BY A M9ORITY1 AT FIR/ AS 9TELLIG5T & AS DEVOT$ AS Y\ LIKE1 9 AN IDEAL ,/ATE1 F\ND$ ON A FREE CONTRACT4 

,SUPPOSE ! GOV]NM5T TO BE CONF9$ ONLY TO ! BE/ CITIZ5S4 ,AT FIR/ !SE CITIZ5S >E PRIVILEG$ NOT BY RI<T1 BUT BY FACT4 ,!Y HAVE BE5 ELECT$ BY ! PEOPLE BECAUSE !Y >E ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 CLEV]1 WISE1 & C\RAGE\S & DEVOT$4 ,TAK5 FROM ! MASS ( ! CITIZ5S1 :O >E REG>D$ AS ALL EQUAL1 !Y DO NOT YET =M A CLASS AP>T1 BUT A GR\P ( M5 PRIVILEG$ ONLY BY NATURE & = ?AT V]Y REASON S+L$ \T = ELECTION BY ! PEOPLE4 ,!IR NUMB] IS NECESS>ILY V]Y LIMIT$1 = 9 ALL TIMES & C\NTRIES ! NUMB] ( M5 5D[$ ) QUALITIES SO REM>KABLE ?AT !Y AUTOMATICALLY COMM& ! UNANIM\S RESPECT ( A NATION IS1 AS EXP]I5CE TEA*ES US1 V]Y SMALL4 ,!RE=E1 UND] PA9 ( MAK+ A BAD *OICE1 ! PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS BE =C$ TO *OOSE ITS RUL]S FROM AMONG !M4 

,H]E1 !N1 IS SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO TWO CATEGORIES1 IF NOT YET TO SAY TWO CLASSES1 ( :I* ONE1 COMPOS$ ( ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! CITIZ5S1 SUBMITS FREELY TO ! GOV]NM5T ( ITS ELECT$ LEAD]S1 ! O!R1 =M$ ( A SMALL NUMB] ( PRIVILEG$ NATURES1 RECOGNIZ$ & ACCEPT$ AS SU* BY ! PEOPLE1 & *>G$ BY !M TO GOV]N !M4 ,DEP5D5T ON POPUL> ELECTION1 !Y >E AT FIR/ DI/+UI%$ FROM ! MASS ( ! CITIZ5S ONLY BY ! V]Y QUALITIES :I* RECOMM5D$ !M TO !IR *OICE & >E NATURALLY1 ! MO/ DEVOT$ & USEFUL ( ALL4 ,!Y DO NOT YET ASSUME TO !MSELVES ANY PRIVILEGE1 ANY P>TICUL> RI<T1 EXCEPT ?AT ( EX]CIS+1 9S(> AS ! PEOPLE WI% IT1 ! SPECIAL FUNCTIONS ) :I* !Y HAVE BE5 *>G$4 ,= ! RE/1 BY !IR MANN] ( LIFE1 BY ! CONDITIONS & MEANS ( !IR EXI/5CE1 !Y DO NOT SEP>ATE !MSELVES 9 ANY WAY FROM ALL ! O!RS1 SO ?AT A P]FECT EQUALITY CONT9UES TO REIGN AMONG ALL4 ,CAN ?IS EQUALITY BE LONG MA9TA9$8 ,WE CLAIM ?AT IT CANNOT & NO?+ IS EASI] TO PROVE IT4 

,NO?+ IS MORE DANG]\S = MAN'S PRIVATE MORALITY ?AN ! HABIT ( COMM&4 ,! BE/ MAN1 ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 DIS9T]E/$1 G5]\S1 PURE1 WILL 9FALLIBLY & ALWAYS BE SPOIL$ AT ?IS TRADE4 ,TWO S5TIM5TS 9H]5T 9 P[] NEV] FAIL TO PRODUCE ?IS DEMORALIZATION2 !Y >E3 CONTEMPT = ! MASSES & ! OV]-E/IMATION ( ONE'S [N M]ITS4 

0,! MASSES10 A MAN SAYS TO HIMSELF1 0RECOGNIZ+ !IR 9CAPACITY TO GOV]N ON !IR [N ACC\NT1 HAVE ELECT$ ME !IR *IEF4 ,BY ?AT ACT !Y HAVE PUBLICLY PROCLAIM$ !IR 9F]IORITY & MY SUP]IORITY4 ,AMONG ?IS CR[D ( M51 RECOGNIZ+ H>DLY ANY EQUALS ( MYSELF1 ,I AM ALONE CAPABLE ( DIRECT+ PUBLIC AFFAIRS4 ,! PEOPLE HAVE NE$ ( ME2 !Y CANNOT DO )\T MY S]VICES1 :ILE ,I1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 CAN GET ALONG ALL RI<T BY MYSELF2 !Y1 !RE=E1 MU/ OBEY ME = !IR [N SECURITY1 & 9 CONDESC5D+ TO COMM& !M1 ,I AM DO+ !M A GOOD TURN40 

,IS NOT !RE SOME?+ 9 ALL ?AT TO MAKE A MAN LOSE HIS HEAD & HIS HE>T AS WELL1 & BECOME MAD ) PRIDE8 ,IT IS ?US ?AT P[] & ! HABIT ( COMM& BECOME = EV5 ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T & VIRTU\S M51 A S\RCE ( AB]RATION1 BO? 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL4 

,SOCIALISM & ,FRE$OM 7,RUDOLF ,ROCK]7.<#a#d.> 

,9 ,RUSSIA :]E ! SO-CALL$ DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT HAS RIP5$ 9TO REALITY1 ! ASPIRATIONS ( A P>TICUL> P>TY = POLITICAL P[] HAVE PREV5T$ ANY TRULY SOCIALI/IC REORGANIZATION ( ECONOMIC LIFE & HAVE =C$ ! C\NTRY 9TO ! SLAV]Y ( A GR9D+ /ATE-CAPITALISM4 ,! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 :I* NAIVE S\LS BELIEVE IS AN 9EVITABLE TRANSITION /AGE TO REAL ,SOCIALISM1 HAS TODAY GR[N 9TO A FRI<TFUL DESPOTISM & A NEW IMP]IALISM1 :I* LAGS BEH9D ! TYRANNY ( ,FASCI/ /ATES 9 NO?+4 ,! ASS]TION ?AT ! /ATE MU/ CONT9UE TO EXI/ UNTIL SOCIETY IS NO LONG] DIVID$ 9TO HO/ILE CLASSES ALMO/ S\NDS1 9 ! LI<T ( ALL HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE1 LIKE A BAD JOKE4 

,EV]Y TYPE ( POLITICAL P[] PRESUPPOSES SOME P>TICUL> =M ( HUMAN SLAV]Y1 = ! MA9T5ANCE ( :I* IT IS CALL$ 9TO BE+4 ,JU/ AS \TW>DLY1 ?AT IS1 9 RELATION TO O!R /ATES1 ! /ATE HAS TO CREATE C]TA9 >TIFICIAL ANTAGONISMS 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY ITS EXI/5CE1 SO ALSO 9T]NALLY ! CLEAVAGE ( SOCIETY 9TO CA/ES1 RANKS & CLASSES IS AN ESS5TIAL CONDITION ( ITS CONT9UANCE4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,BOL%EVI/ BUREAUCRACY 9 ,RUSSIA UND] ! ALLEG$ DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT -- :I* HAS NEV] BE5 ANY?+ BUT ! DICTATOR%IP ( A SMALL CLIQUE OV] ! PROLET>IAT & ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE -- IS M]ELY A NEW 9/ANCE ( AN OLD HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE :I* HAS REPEAT$ ITSELF C\NTLESS TIMES4 ,?IS NEW RUL+ CLASS1 :I* TODAY IS RAPIDLY GR[+ 9TO A NEW >I/OCRACY1 IS SET AP>T FROM ! GREAT MASSES ( ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS & WORK]S JU/ AS CLE>LY AS >E ! PRIVILEG$ CA/ES & CLASSES 9 O!R C\NTRIES FROM ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE4 ,& ?IS SITUATION BECOMES /ILL MORE UNBE>ABLE :5 A DESPOTIC /ATE D5IES TO ! L[] CLASSES ! FI<T TO COMPLA9 ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS1 SO ?AT ANY PROTE/ IS MADE AT ! RISK ( !IR LIVES4 

,BUT EV5 A F> GREAT] DEGREE ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY ?AN ?AT :I* EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA W\LD BE NO GU>ANTEE AGA9/ POLITICAL & SOCIAL OPPRESSION4 ,ECONOMIC EQUALITY ALONE IS NOT SOCIAL LIB]ATION4 ,IT IS PRECISELY ?IS :I* ALL ! S*OOLS ( AU?ORIT>IAN ,SOCIALISM HAVE NEV] UND]/OOD4 ,9 ! PRISON1 9 ! CLOI/]1 OR 9 ! B>RACKS ONE F9DS A FAIRLY HI< DEGREE ( ECONOMIC EQUALITY1 AS ALL ! 9MATES >E PROVID$ ) ! SAME DWELL+1 ! SAME FOOD1 ! SAME UNI=M1 & ! SAME TASKS4 ,! ANCI5T ,9CA /ATE 9 ,P]U & ! ,JESUIT /ATE 9 ,P>AGUAY HAD BR\<T EQUAL ECONOMIC PROVISION = EV]Y 9HABITANT TO A FIX$ SY/EM1 BUT 9 SPITE ( ?IS ! VILE/ DESPOTISM PREVAIL$ !RE1 & ! HUMAN BE+ WAS M]ELY ! AUTOMATON ( A HI<] WILL ON :OSE DECISIONS HE HAD NOT ! SLI<TE/ 9FLU5CE4 ,IT WAS NOT )\T REASON ?AT ,PR\DHON SAW 9 A 0,SOCIALISM0 )\T FRE$OM ! WOR/ =M ( SLAV]Y4 ,! URGE = SOCIAL JU/ICE CAN ONLY DEVELOP PROP]LY & BE EFFECTIVE :5 IT GR[S \T ( MAN'S S5SE ( FRE$OM & RESPONSIBILITY1 & IS BAS$ UPON IT4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 ,SOCIALISM WILL BE FREE OR IT WILL NOT BE AT ALL4 ,9 ITS RECOGNITION ( ?IS FACT LIES ! G5U9E & PR(\ND JU/IFICATION ( ,AN>*ISM4 

,AN>*ISM IS NOT PAT5T SOLUTION = ALL HUMAN PROBLEMS1 NO ,UTOPIA ( A P]FECT SOCIAL ORD] 7AS IT HAS SO (T5 BE5 CALL$71 S9CE1 ON PR9CIPLE1 IT REJECTS ALL ABSOLUTE S*EMES & CONCEPTS4 ,IT DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 ANY ABSOLUTE TRU?1 OR 9 ANY DEF9ITE F9AL GOALS = HUMAN DEVELOPM5T1 BUT 9 AN UNLIMIT$ P]FECTIBILITY ( SOCIAL PATT]NS & HUMAN LIV+ CONDITIONS :I* >E ALWAYS /RA9+ AFT] HI<] =MS ( EXPRESSION1 & TO :I*1 = ?IS REASON1 ONE CANNOT ASSIGN ANY DEF9ITE T]M9US NOR SET ANY FIX$ GOAL4 ,! GREATE/ EVIL ( ANY =M ( P[] IS JU/ ?AT IT ALWAYS TRIES TO =CE ! RI* DIV]SITY ( SOCIAL LIFE 9TO DEF9ITE =MS & ADJU/ IT TO P>TICUL> NORMS4 ,! /RONG] ITS SUPPORT]S FEEL !MSELVES1 ! MORE COMPLETELY !Y SUCCE$ 9 BR++ EV]Y FIELD ( SOCIAL LIFE 9TO !IR S]VICE1 ! MORE CRIPPL+ IS !IR 9FLU5CE ON ! OP]ATION ( ALL CREATIVE CULTURAL =CES1 ! MORE UN:OLESOMELY DOES IT AFFECT ! 9TELLECTUAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T ( P[] & A DIRE OM5 = \R TIMES1 = IT %[S ) FRI<TFUL CL>ITY TO :AT A MON/ROSITY ,HOBBES' ,LEVIA?AN CAN BE DEVELOP$4 ,IT IS ! P]FECT TRIUMPH ( ! POLITICAL MA*9E OV] M9D & BODY1 ! RATIONALIZATION ( HUMAN ?\<T1 FEEL+ & BEHAVIOR ACCORD+ TO ! E/ABLI%$ RULES ( ! (FICIALS &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 ! 5D ( ALL TRUE 9TELLECTUAL CULTURE4 

,:]E ! 9FLU5CE ( POLITICAL P[] ON ! CREATIVE =CES 9 SOCIETY IS R$UC$ TO A M9IMUM1 !RE CULTURE ?RIVES ! BE/1 = POLITICAL RUL]%IP ALWAYS /RIVES = UNI=MITY & T5DS TO SUBJECT EV]Y ASPECT ( SOCIAL LIFE TO ITS GU>DIAN%IP4 ,&1 9 ?IS1 IT F9DS ITSELF 9 UNESCAPABLE CONTRADICTIONS TO ! CREATIVE ASPIRATIONS ( CULTURAL DEVELOPM5T1 :I* IS ALWAYS ON ! QUE/ = NEW =MS & FIELDS ( SOCIAL ACTIVITY1 & = :I* FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION1 ! MANY-SID$NESS & ! CONT9UAL *ANG+ ( ?+S1 >E JU/ AS VITALLY NECESS>Y AS RIGID =MS1 DEAD RULES1 & ! =CIBLE SUPPRESSION ( IDEAS >E = ! CONS]VATION ( POLITICAL P[]4 ,EV]Y SUCCESSFUL PIECE ( WORK /IRS ! DESIRE = GREAT] P]FECTION & DEEP] 9SPIRATION2 EA* NEW =M BECOMES ! H]ALD ( NEW POSSIBILITIES ( DEVELOPM5T4 ,BUT P[] ALWAYS TRIES TO KEEP ?+S AS !Y >E1 SAFELY AN*OR$ TO /]EOTYPES4 ,?AT HAS BE5 ! REASON = ALL REVOLUTIONS 9 HI/ORY4 ,P[] OP]ATES ONLY DE/RUCTIVELY1 B5T ALWAYS ON =C+ EV]Y MANIFE/ATION ( SOCIAL LIFE 9TO ! /RAITJACKET ( ITS RULES4 ,ITS 9TELLECTUAL EXPRESSION IS DEAD DOGMA1 ITS PHYSICAL =M BRUTE =CE4 ,& ?IS UN9TELLIG5CE ( ITS OBJECTIVES SETS ITS /AMP ON ITS REPRES5TATIVES ALSO1 & R5D]S !M (T5 /UPID & BRUTAL1 EV5 :5 !Y W]E ORIG9ALLY 5D[$ ) ! BE/ TAL5TS4 ,ONE :O IS CON/ANTLY /RIV+ TO =CE EV]Y?+ 9TO A ME*ANICAL ORD] AT LA/ BECOMES A MA*9E HIMSELF & LOSES ALL HUMAN FEEL+S4 

,IT WAS FROM ?IS UND]/&+ ?AT MOD]N ,AN>*ISM WAS BORN & DRAWS ITS MORAL =CE4 ,ONLY FRE$OM CAN 9SPIRE M5 TO GREAT ?+S & BR+ AB\T 9TELLECTUAL & SOCIAL TRANS=MATIONS4 ,! >T ( RUL+ M5 HAS NEV] BE5 ! >T ( $UCAT+ & 9SPIR+ !M TO A NEW %AP+ ( !IR LIVES4 ,DRE>Y COMPULSION HAS AT ITS COMM& ONLY LIFELESS DRILL1 :I* SMO!RS ANY VITAL 9ITIATIVE AT ITS BIR? & BR+S =? ONLY SUBJECTS1 NOT FREE MAN4 ,FRE$OM IS ! V]Y ESS5CE ( LIFE1 ! IMPELL+ =CE 9 ALL 9TELLECTUAL & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 ! CREATOR ( EV]Y NEW \TLOOK 9 ! FUTURE ( MANK9D4 ,! LIB]ATION ( MAN FROM ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & FROM 9TELLECTUAL1 SOCIAL & POLITICAL OPPRESSION1 :I* F9DS ITS HI<E/ EXPRESSION 9 ! PHILOSOPHY ( ,AN>*ISM1 IS ! FIR/ PR]EQUISITE = ! REVOLUTION ( A HI<] SOCIAL CULTURE & A NEW HUMANITY4 

,AN>*ISM1 ,AU?ORIT>IAN ,SOCIALISM & ,COMMUNISM 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#a#e.> 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S HAVE ALWAYS PR(\NDLY DISAGRE$ 9 !IR CONCEPTS ( HI/ORIC EVOLUTION & ! REVOLUTION>Y CRISES ?AT ?IS EVOLUTION CREATES1 & CONSEQU5TLY !Y HAVE H>DLY EV] BE5 9 AGREEM5T ON ! MEANS TO ADOPT1 OR ! OPPORTUNITIES ?AT HAVE EXI/$ FROM TIME TO TIME TO OP5 UP ! WAY T[>DS HUMAN EMANCIPATION4 

,BUT ?IS IS ONLY AN 9CID5TAL & M9OR DISAGREEM5T4 ,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 SOCIALI/S :O HAVE BE5 9 A HURRY JU/ AS !RE >E ALSO AN>*I/S :O WANT TO ADVANCE ) LEAD5 FEET1 & EV5 SOME :O DO NOT BELIEVE AT ALL 9 REVOLUTION4 ,! IMPORTANT1 FUNDAM5TAL DISS5SION IS QUITE ANO!R3 SOCIALI/S >E AU?ORIT>IANS1 AN>*I/S >E LIB]T>IANS4 

,SOCIALI/S WANT P[]1 :E!R BY PEACEFUL MEANS OR BY =CE IS ( NO CONSEQU5CE TO !M1 & ONCE 9 (FICE1 WI% TO IMPOSE !IR PROGRAM ON ! PEOPLE BY DICTATORIAL OR DEMOCRATIC MEANS4 ,AN>*I/S 9/EAD MA9TA91 ?AT GOV]NM5T CANNOT BE O!R ?AN H>MFUL1 & BY ITS NATURE IT DEF5DS EI!R AN EXI/+ PRIVILEG$ CLASS OR CREATES A NEW ONE2 & 9/EAD ( ASPIR+ TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T AN>*I/S SEEK TO DE/ROY EV]Y ORGANISM :I* EMP[]S SOME TO IMPOSE !IR [N IDEAS & 9T]E/S ON O!RS1 = !Y WANT TO FREE ! WAY = DEVELOPM5T T[>DS BETT] =MS ( HUMAN FELL[%IP :I* WILL EM]GE FROM EXP]I5CE1 BY EV]YBODY BE+ FREE & HAV+1 ( C\RSE1 ! ECONOMIC MEANS TO MAKE FRE$OM POSSIBLE AS WELL AS A REALITY4 

,IT SEEMS UNBELIEVABLE ?AT EV5 TODAY1 AFT] :AT HAS HAPP5$ & IS HAPP5+ 9 ,RUSSIA 7#a#i#b#a71 !RE >E /ILL PEOPLE :O IMAG9E ?AT ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S IS ONLY ?AT ( WANT+ REVOLUTION SL[LY OR 9 A HURRY4 

,SOCIAL DEMOCRATS />T (F FROM ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ! ,/ATE1 GOV]NM5T1 IS NONE O!R ?AN ! POLITICAL ORGAN ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,9 A CAPITALI/IC SOCIETY1 !Y SAY1 ! ,/ATE NECESS>ILY S]VES ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/S & 5SURES = !M ! RI<T TO EXPLOIT ! WORK]S2 BUT ?AT 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 :5 PRIVATE PROP]TY W]E TO BE ABOLI%$1 & ) ! DE/RUCTION ( ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE CLASS DI/9CTIONS W\LD DISAPPE>1 !N ! ,/ATE W\LD REPRES5T EV]YBODY & BECOME ! IMP>TIAL ORGAN REPRES5T+ ! SOCIAL 9T]E/S ( ALL MEMB]S ( SOCIETY4 

,H]E A DIFFICULTY IMM$IATELY >ISES4 ,IF IT BE TRUE ?AT ,GOV]NM5T IS NECESS>ILY1 & ALWAYS1 ! 9/RUM5T ( ?OSE :O POSSESS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 H[ CAN ?IS MIRACLE ( A SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T >IS+ 9 ! MIDDLE ( A CAPITALI/ REGIME ) ! AIM ( ABOLI%+ CAPITALISM1 COME AB\T8 ,WILL IT BE AS ,M>X & ,BLANQUI WI%$ BY MEANS ( A DICTATOR%IP IMPOS$ BY REVOLUTION>Y MEANS1 BY A C\P DE =CE1 :I* BY REVOLUTION DECREES & IMPOSES ! CONFISCATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 FAVOR ( ! /ATE1 AS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! COLLECTIVITY8 ,OR WILL IT BE1 AS APP>5TLY ALL ,M>XI/S1 & MO/ MOD]N ,BLANQUI/S BELIEVE1 BY MEANS ( A SOCIALI/ MAJORITY ELECT$ TO ,P>LIAM5T BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE8 ,WILL ONE PROCE$ 9 ONE /EP TO ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! RUL+ CLASS BY ! ECONOMICALLY SUBJECT$ CLASS1 OR WILL ONE PROCE$ GRADUALLY 9 OBLIG+ PROP]TY [N]S & CAPITALI/S TO ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE DEPRIV$ ( ALL !IR PRIVILEGES A BIT AT A TIME8 

,ALL ?IS SEEMS /RANGELY 9 CONTRADICTION ) ! !ORY ( 0HI/ORIC MAT]IALISM0 :I* IS A FUNDAM5TAL DOGMA = ,M>XI/S4 

0,COMMUNISM IS ! ROAD ?AT LEADS 9 ! DIRECTION ( AN>*ISM40 ,?IS IS ! !ORY ( ! BOL%EVIKS2 ! !ORY ( M>XI/S & AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S ( ALL S*OOLS4 ,ALL RECOGNIZE ?AT AN>*Y IS A SUBLIME IDEAL1 ?AT IT IS ! GOAL T[>DS :I* MANK9D IS1 OR %\LD BE1 MOV+1 BUT !Y ALL WANT TO BECOME ! GOV]NM5T1 TO OBLIGE ! PEOPLE TO TAKE ! RI<T ROAD4 ,AN>*I/S SAY 9/EAD1 ?AT AN>*Y IS ! WAY ?AT LEADS TO COMMUNISM OR ELSE:]E4 

,TO A*IEVE COMMUNISM BE=E AN>*Y1 ?AT IS BE=E HAV+ CONQU]$ COMPLETE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIB]TY1 W\LD MEAN 7AS IT HAS MEANT 9 ,RUSSIA7 /ABLIS+ ! MO/ HATEFUL TYRANNY1 TO ! PO9T :]E PEOPLE LONG = ! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 & TO RETURN LAT] 7AS WILL HAPP5 9 ,RUSSIA7 TO A CAPITALI/IC SY/EM AS A RESULT ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ORGANIZ+ SOCIAL LIFE :I* IS BE>ABLE & AS A REACTION ( ! SPIRIT ( LIB]TY :I* IS NOT A PRIVILEGE ( ! 0LAT9 SPIRIT0 AS ! ,COMMUNI/ FOOLI%LY ACCUSES ME ( SAY+1 BUT A NECESSITY ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT = ACTION 9 ,RUSSIA NO LESS ?AN 9 ,ITALY4 

,H[EV] MU* WE DETE/ ! DEMOCRATIC LIE1 :I* 9 ! NAME ( ! 0PEOPLE0 OPPRESSES ! PEOPLE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( A CLASS1 WE DETE/ EV5 MORE1 IF ?AT IS POSSIBLE1 ! DICTATOR%IP :I*1 9 ! NAME ( ! 0PROLET>IAT0 PLACES ALL ! /R5G? & ! V]Y LIVES ( ! WORK]S 9 ! H&S ( ! CREATURES ( A SO-CALL$ COMMUNI/ P>TY1 :O WILL P]PETUATE !IR P[] & 9 ! 5D RECON/RUCT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM = !IR [N ADVANTAGE4 

,:5 ,F4 ,5GELS1 P]HAPS TO C\NT] AN>*I/ CRITICISMS1 SAID ?AT ONCE CLASSES DISAPPE> ! ,/ATE AS SU* HAS NO RAISON D'ETRE & TRANS=MS ITSELF FROM A GOV]NM5T OV] M5 9TO AN ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S1 HE WAS M]ELY PLAY+ ) WORDS4 ,:OEV] HAS P[] OV] ?+S HAS P[] OV] M52 :OEV] GOV]NS PRODUCTION ALSO GOV]NS ! PRODUC]S2 :O DET]M9ES CONSUMPTION IS MA/] OV] ! CONSUM]4 

,?IS IS ! QUE/ION2 EI!R ?+S >E ADM9I/]$ ON ! BASIS ( FREE AGREEM5T AMONG ! 9T]E/$ P>TIES1 & ?IS IS AN>*Y2 OR !Y >E ADM9I/]$ ACCORD+ TO LAWS MADE BY ADM9I/RATORS & ?IS IS GOV]NM5T1 IT IS ! ,/ATE1 & 9EVITABLY IT TURNS \T TO BE TYRANNICAL4 

,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( ! GOOD 9T5TIONS OR ! GOOD WILL ( ?IS OR ?AT MAN1 BUT ( ! 9EVITABILITY ( ! SITUATION1 & ( ! T5D5CIES :I* MAN G5]ALLY DEVELOPS 9 GIV5 CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,:AT IS ! TRUE BASIS ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ,/ATE COMMUNI/S8 ,WE >E = FRE$OM1 = ! WIDE/ & ! MO/ COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ?\<T1 ORGANIZATION & ACTION4 ,WE >E = ! FRE$OM ( ALL1 & IT IS !RE=E OBVI\S1 & NOT NECESS>Y TO CONT9UALLY SAY SO1 ?AT EV]YONE 9 EX]CIS+ HIS RI<T TO FRE$OM MU/ RESPECT ! EQUAL FRE$OM ( EV]YBODY ELSE2 O!RWISE !RE IS OPPRESSION ON ONE SIDE & ! RI<T TO RESI/ & TO REBEL ON ! O!R4 

,BUT ,/ATE COMMUNI/S1 TO AN EV5 GREAT] EXT5T ?AN ALL O!R AU?ORIT>IANS1 >E 9CAPABLE ( CONCEIV+ FRE$OM & ( RESPECT+ = ALL HUMAN BE+S ! DIGNITY ?AT !Y EXPECT1 OR %\LD EXPECT1 FROM O!RS4 ,IF ONE SPEAKS TO !M ( FRE$OM !Y IMM$IATELY ACCUSE ONE ( WANT+ TO RESPECT1 OR AT LEA/ TOL]ATE1 ! FRE$OM TO OPPRESS & EXPLOIT ONE'S FELL[ BE+S4 ,& IF Y\ SAY ?AT Y\ REJECT VIOL5CE :5 IT EXCE$S ! LIMITS IMPOS$ BY ! NE$S ( DEF5SE1 !Y ACCUSE Y\ ( PACIFISM1 )\T UND]/&+ ?AT VIOL5CE IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( AU?ORIT>IANISM1 JU/ AS ! REPUDIATION ( VIOL5CE IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( AN>*ISM4 

,AN>*ISM & ,PROP]TY 7,]RICO ,MALATE/A7.<#a#f.> 

 ,\R OPPON5TS1 9T]E/$ DEF5D]S ( ! EXI/+ SY/EM >E 9 ! HABIT ( SAY+1 TO JU/IFY ! RI<T TO PRIVATE PROP]TY1 ?AT IT IS ! CONDITION & GU>ANTEE ( FRE$OM4 

,& WE AGREE ) !M4 ,>E WE NOT ALWAYS REPEAT+ ?AT HE :O IS POOR IS A SLAVE8 ,!N :Y >E !Y \R OPPON5TS8 

,! REASON IS CLE> & IS ?AT 9 FACT ! PROP]TY !Y DEF5D IS CAPITALI/ PROP]TY1 ?AT IS1 PROP]TY :I* ALL[S SOME TO LIVE BY ! WORK ( O!RS & :I* !RE=E PRESUPPOSES A CLASS ( DISPOSSESS$1 PROP]TYLESS PEOPLE1 OBLIG$ TO SELL !IR LABOR P[] TO ! PROP]TY-[N]S = LESS ?AN ITS VALUE4 

,! PR9CIPLE REASON = ! BAD EXPLOITATION ( NATURE1 & ( ! MIS]IES ( ! WORK]S1 ( ! ANTAGONISMS & ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES1 IS ! RI<T TO PROP]TY :I* CONF]S ON ! [N]S ( ! L&1 ! RAW MAT]IALS & ( ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! POSSIBILITY TO EXPLOIT ! LABOR ( O!RS & TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION NOT = ! WELL-BE+ ( ALL1 BUT 9 ORD] TO GU>ANTEE A MAXIMUM PR(IT = ! [N]S ( PROP]TY4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y !RE=E TO ABOLI% PROP]TY4 

,! PR9CIPLE = :I* WE MU/ FI<T & ON :I* WE CANNOT COMPROMISE1 :E!R WE W9 OR LOSE1 IS ?AT ALL %\LD POSSESS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9 ORD] TO WORK )\T SUBJECTION TO CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION4 ,! ABOLITION ( 9DIVIDUAL PROP]TY1 9 ! LIT]AL S5SE ( ! WORD1 WILL COME1 IF IT COMES1 BY ! =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES1 BY ! DEMON/RABLE ADVANTAGES ( COMMUNI/IC MANAGEM5T1 & BY ! GR[+ SPIRIT ( BRO!RHOOD4 ,BUT :AT HAS TO BE DE/ROY$ AT ONCE1 EV5 ) VIOL5CE IF NECESS>Y1 IS CAPITALI/IC PROP]TY1 ?AT IS1 ! FACT ?AT A FEW CONTROL ! NATURAL WEAL? & ! 9/RUM5TS ( PRODUCTION & CAN ?US OBLIGE O!RS TO WORK = !M4 

,IMPOS$ COMMUNISM W\LD BE ! MO/ DETE/ABLE TYRANNY ?AT ! HUMAN M9D C\LD CONCEIVE4 ,& FREE & VOLUNT>Y COMMUNISM IS IRONICAL IF ONE HAS NOT ! POSSIBILITY TO LIVE 9 A DIFF]5T REGIME --  COLLECTIVI/1 MUTUALI/1 9DIVIDUALI/ -- AS ONE WI%ES1 ALWAYS ON CONDITION ?AT !RE IS NO OPPRESSION OR EXPLOITATION ( O!RS4 

,FREE !N IS ! PEASANT TO CULTIVATE HIS PIECE ( L&1 ALONE IF HE WI%ES2 FREE IS ! %OEMAK] TO REMA9 AT HIS LA/ OR ! BLACKSMI? 9 HIS SMALL =GE4 ,IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 :E!R NOT BE+ ABLE TO OBTA9 ASSI/ANCE OR PEOPLE TO EXPLOIT -- & HE W\LD F9D NONE BECAUSE NOBODY1 HAV+ A RI<T TO ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & BE+ FREE TO WORK ON HIS [N OR AS AN EQUAL ) O!RS 9 ! L>GE ORGANIZATIONS ( PRODUCTION W\LD WANT TO BE EXPLOIT$ BY A SMALL EMPLOY] -- ,I WAS SAY+1 IT REMA9S TO BE SE5 :E!R !SE ISOLAT$ WORK]S W\LD NOT F9D IT MORE CONV5I5T TO COMB9E ) O!RS & VOLUNT>ILY JO9 ONE ( ! EXI/+ COMMUNITIES4 

,! DE/RUCTION ( TITLE DE$S W\LD NOT H>M ! 9DEP5D5T WORK] :OSE REAL TITLE IS POSSESSION & ! WORK DONE4 

,:AT WE >E CONC]N$ ) IS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! TITLES ( ! PROPRIETORS :O EXPLOIT ! LABOR ( O!RS1 EXPROPRIAT+ !M 9 FACT 9 ORD] TO PUT ! L&1 H\SES1 FACTORIES & ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION AT ! DISPOSAL ( ?OSE :O DO ! WORK4 

,IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT =M] [N]S W\LD ONLY HAVE TO TAKE P>T 9 PRODUCTION 9 :ATEV] WAY !Y CAN1 TO BE CONSID]$ EQUALS ) ALL O!R WORK]S4 

,WILL PROP]TY 79 ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD7 HAVE TO BE 9DIVIDUAL OR COLLECTIVE8 ,& WILL ! COLLECTIVE HOLD+ ! UNDIVID$ GOODS BE ! LOCAL GR\P1 ! FUNCTIONAL GR\P1 ! GR\P BAS$ ON POLITICAL AFF9ITY1 ! FAMILY GR\P -- WILL IT COMPRISE ALL ! 9HABITANTS ( A NATION 5 BLOC & EV5TUALLY ALL HUMANITY8 

,:AT =MS WILL PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE ASSUME8 ,WILL IT BE ! TRIUMPH ( COMMUNISM 7PRODUCTION 9 COMMON & ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS ON ! BASIS ( ! WORK DONE BY EA* 9DIVIDUAL71 OR 9DIVIDUALISM 7TO EA* ! 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! 5JOYM5T ( ! FULL PRODUCT ( HIS LABOR71 OR O!R COMPOSITE =MS ?AT 9DIVIDUAL 9T]E/ & SOCIAL 9/9CT1 ILLUM9AT$ BY EXP]I5CE1 WILL SUGGE/8 

,PROBABLY EV]Y POSSIBLE =M ( POSSESSION & UTILIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ALWAYS ( DI/RIBUTION ( PRODUCE WILL BE TRI$ \T AT ! SAME TIME 9 ONE OR MANY REGIONS1 & !Y WILL COMB9E TO BE MODIFI$ 9 V>I\S WAYS UNTIL EXP]I5CE WILL 9DICATE :I* =M1 OR =MS1 IS OR >E1 ! MO/ SUITABLE4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ! NE$ = NOT 9T]RUPT+ PRODUCTION1 & ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( SUSP5D+ CONSUMPTION ( ! NECESSITIES ( LIFE1 WILL MAKE IT NECESS>Y TO TAKE DECISIONS = ! CONT9UATION ( DAILY LIFE AT ! SAME TIME AS EXPROPRIATION PROCE$S4 ,ONE WILL HAVE TO DO ! BE/ ONE CAN1 & SO LONG AS ONE PREV5TS ! CON/ITUTION & CONSOLIDATION ( NEW PRIVILEGE1 !RE WILL BE TIME TO F9D ! BE/ SOLUTIONS4 

,I CALL MYSELF A COMMUNI/1 BECAUSE COMMUNISM1 IT SEEMS TO ME1 IS ! IDEAL TO :I* MANK9D WILL ASPIRE AS LOVE BETWE5 M51 & AN ABUNDANCE ( PRODUCTION1 WILL FREE !M FROM ! FE> ( HUNG] & WILL ?US DE/ROY ! MAJOR OB/ACLE TO BRO!RHOOD BETWE5 !M4 ,BUT REALLY1 EV5 MORE ?AN ! PRACTICAL =MS ( ORGANIZATION :I* MU/ 9EVITABLY BE ADJU/$ ACCORD+ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 & WILL ALWAYS BE 9 A CON/ANT /ATE ( *ANGE1 :AT IS IMPORTANT IS ! SPIRIT :I* 9=MS ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS1 & ! ME?OD US$ TO BR+ !M AB\T2 :AT ,I BELIEVE IMPORTANT IS ?AT !Y %\LD BE GUID$ BY ! SPIRIT ( JU/ICE & ! DESIRE ( ! G5]AL GOOD1 & ?AT !Y %\LD ALWAYS A*IEVE !IR OBJECTIVES ?R\< FRE$OM & VOLUNT>ILY4 ,IF FRE$OM & A SPIRIT ( BRO!RHOOD TRULY EXI/1 ALL SOLUTIONS AIM AT ! SAME OBJECTIVE ( EMANCIPATION & WILL 5D BY BE+ RECONCIL$ BY FUSION4 ,IF1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !RE IS NO FRE$OM & ! DESIRE = ! GOOD ( ALL IS LACK+1 ALL =MS ( ORGANIZATION CAN RESULT 9 9JU/ICE1 EXPLOITATION & DESPOTISM4 

,! ,AU?ORITY ( ,GOV]NM5T 7,WILLIAM ,GODW97.<#a#g.> 

 ,AU?ORITY 9 ! LA/ ( ! ?REE S5SES ALLUD$ TO IS :]E A MAN1 9 ISSU+ HIS PRECEPT1 DOES NOT DELIV] ?AT :I* MAY BE NEGLECT$ ) IMPUNITY2 BUT HIS REQUISITION IS ATT5D$ ) A SANCTION1 & ! VIOLATION ( IT WILL BE FOLL[$ ) A P5ALTY4 ,?IS IS ! SPECIES ( AU?ORITY :I* PROP]LY CONNECTS ITSELF ) ! IDEA ( GOV]NM5T4 ,IT IS A VIOLATION ( POLITICAL JU/ICE TO CONF\ND ! AU?ORITY :I* DEP5DS UPON =CE1 ) ! AU?ORITY :I* >ISES FROM REV]5CE & E/EEM2 ! MODIFICATION ( MY CONDUCT :I* MI<T BE DUE 9 ! CASE ( WILD BEA/1 ) ! MODIFICATION :I* IS DUE TO SUP]IOR WISDOM4 ,!SE K9DS ( AU?ORITY MAY HAPP5 TO VE/ 9 ! SAME P]SON2 BUT !Y >E ALTOGE!R DI/9CT & 9DEP5D5T4 

,TO A GOV]NM5T1 !RE=E1 ?AT TALK$ TO US ( DEF]5CE TO POLITICAL AU?ORITY1 & HONOR TO BE R5D]$ TO \R SUP]IORS1 \R ANSW] %\LD BE3 0,IT IS Y\RS TO %ACKLE ! BODY1 & RE/RA9 \R EXT]NAL ACTIONS2 ?AT IS A RE/RA9T WE UND]/&4 ,ANN\NCE Y\R P5ALTIES2 & WE WILL MAKE \R ELECTION ( SUBMISSION OR SUFF]+4 ,BUT DO NOT SEEK TO 5?RALL$ \R M9DS4 ,EXHIBIT Y\R =CE 9 ITS PLA9E/ =M1 = ?AT IS Y\R PROV9CE2 BUT SEEK NOT TO 9VEIGLE & MISLEAD US4 ,OB$I5CE & EXT]NAL SUBMISSION IS ALL Y\ >E 5TITL$ TO CLAIM2 Y\ CAN HAVE NO RI<T TO EXTORT \R DEF]5CE1 & COMM& US NOT TO SEE1 & DISAPPROVE (1 Y\R ]RORS40 

,! ,RELEVANCE ( ,AN>*ISM 

,IS ,AN>*Y ,POSSIBLE8 7,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN7.<#a#h.> 

 0,IT MI<T BE POSSIBLE10 Y\ SAY1 0IF WE C\LD DO )\T GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT CAN WE80 

,P]HAPS WE CAN BE/ ANSW] Y\R QUE/ION BY EXAM9+ Y\R [N LIFE4 

,:AT ROLE DOES ! GOV]NM5T PLAY 9 Y\R EXI/5CE8 ,DOES IT HELP Y\ LIVE8 ,DOES IT FE$1 CLO! & %ELT] Y\8 ,DO Y\ NE$ IT TO HELP Y\ WORK OR PLAY8 ,IF Y\ >E ILL1 DO Y\ CALL ! PHYSICIAN OR ! POLICEMAN8 ,CAN ! GOV]NM5T GIVE Y\ GREAT] ABILITY ?AN NATURE 5D[$ Y\ )8 ,CAN IT SAVE Y\ FROM SICKNESS1 OLD AGE1 OR DEA?8 

,CONSID] Y\R DAILY LIFE & Y\ WILL F9D ?AT 9 REALITY ! GOV]NM5T IS NO FACTOR 9 IT ALL EXCEPT :5 IT BEG9S TO 9T]F]E 9 Y\R AFFAIRS1 :5 IT COMPELS Y\ TO DO C]TA9 ?+S OR PROHIBITS Y\ FROM DO+ O!RS4 ,IT =CES Y\1 = 9/ANCE1 TO PAY TAXES & SUPPORT IT1 :E!R Y\ WANT TO OR NOT4 ,IT MAKES Y\ DON A UNI=M & JO9 ! >MY4 ,IT 9VADES Y\R P]SONAL LIFE1 ORD]S Y\ AB\T1 CO]CES Y\1 PRESCRIBES Y\R BEHAVIOR1 & G5]ALLY TREATS Y\ AS IT PLEASES4 ,IT TELLS Y\ EV5 :AT Y\ MU/ BELIEVE & PUNI%ES Y\ = ?9K+ & ACT+ O!RWISE4 ,IT DIRECTS Y\ :AT TO EAT & DR9K1 & IMPRISONS OR %OOTS Y\ = DISOBEY+4 ,IT COMM&S Y\ & DOM9ATES EV]Y /EP ( Y\R LIFE4 ,IT TREATS Y\ AS A BAD BOY1 AS AN IRRESPONSIBLE *ILD :O NE$S ! /RONG H& ( A GU>DIAN1 BUT IF Y\ DISOBEY IT HOLDS Y\ RESPONSIBLE1 NEV]!LESS4 

,IS IT NOT PECULI> ?AT MO/ PEOPLE IMAG9E WE C\LD NOT DO )\T GOV]NM5T1 :5 9 FACT \R REAL LIFE HAS NO CONNECTION ) IT :ATEV]1 NO NE$ ( IT1 & IS ONLY 9T]F]$ ) :]E LAW & GOV]NM5T /EP 98 

0,BUT SECURITY & PUBLIC ORD]10 Y\ OBJECT1 0C\LD WE HAVE ?AT )\T LAW & GOV]NM5T8 ,:O WILL PROTECT US AGA9/ ! CRIM9AL80 

,! TRU? IS :AT IS CALL$ 0LAW & ORD]0 IS REALLY ! WOR/ DISORD]4 ,:AT LITTLE ORD] & PEACE WE DO HAVE IS DUE TO ! GOOD COMMONS5SE ( ! JO9T EF=TS ( ! PEOPLE1 MO/LY 9 SPITE ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,DO Y\ NE$ GOV]NM5T TO TELL Y\ NOT TO /EP 9 FRONT ( A MOV+ AUTOMOBILE8 ,DO Y\ NE$ IT TO ORD] Y\ NOT TO JUMP (F ! ,BROOKLYN ,BRIDGE OR FROM ! ,EIFFEL ,T[]8 

,MAN IS A SOCIAL BE+3 HE CANNOT EXI/ ALONE2 HE LIVES 9 COMMUNITIES OR SOCIETIES4 ,MUTUAL NE$ & COMMON 9T]E/S RESULT 9 C]TA9 >RANGEM5TS TO AF=D US SECURITY & COM=T4 ,SU* CO-WORK+ IS FREE1 VOLUNT>Y2 IT NE$S NO COMPULSION BY ANY GOV]NM5T4 ,Y\ JO9 A SPORT+ CLUB OR A S++ SOCIETY BECAUSE Y\R 9CL9ATIONS LIE ?AT WAY1 & Y\ CO-OP]ATE ) ! O!R MEMB]S )\T ANY ONE CO]C+ Y\4 ,! MAN ( SCI5CE1 ! WRIT]1 ! >TI/1 & ! 9V5TOR SEEK !IR [N K9D ( 9SPIRATION & MUTUAL WORK4 ,!IR IMPULSES & NE$S >E !IR BE/ URGE2 ! 9T]F]5CE ( ANY GOV]NM5T OR AU?ORITY CAN ONLY H9D] !IR EF=TS4 

,ALL ?R\< LIFE Y\ WILL F9D ?AT ! NE$S & 9CL9ATIONS ( PEOPLE MAKE = ASSOCIATION1 = MUTUAL PROTECTION & HELP4 ,?AT IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 MANAG+ ?+S & GOV]N+ M52 BETWE5 DO+ SOME?+ FROM FREE *OICE & BE+ COMPELL$4 ,IT IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 LIB]TY & CON/RA9T1 BETWE5 AN>*ISM & GOV]NM5T1 BECAUSE AN>*ISM MEANS VOLUNT>Y COOP]ATION 9/EAD ( =C$ P>TICIPATION4 ,IT MEANS H>MONY & ORD] 9 PLACE ( 9T]F]5CE & DISORD]4 

0,BUT :O WILL PROTECT US AGA9/ CRIME & CRIM9ALS80 Y\ DEM&4 ,RA!R ASK Y\RSELF :E!R GOV]NM5T REALLY PROTECTS US AGA9/ !M4 ,DOES NOT GOV]NM5T ITSELF CREATE & UPHOLD CONDITIONS :I* MAKE = CRIME8 ,DOES NOT ! 9VASION & VIOL5CE UPON :I* ALL GOV]NM5TS RE/ CULTIVATE ! SPIRIT ( 9TOL]ANCE & P]SECUTION1 ( HATR$ & MORE VIOL5CE8 ,DOES NOT CRIME 9CREASE ) ! GR[? ( POV]TY & 9JU/ICE FO/]$ BY GOV]NM5T8 ,IS NOT GOV]NM5T ITSELF ! GREATE/ 9JU/ICE & CRIME8 

,CRIME IS ! RESULT ( ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1 ( SOCIAL 9EQUALITY1 ( WRONGS & EVILS ( :I* GOV]NM5T & MONOPOLY >E P>5TS4 ,GOV]NM5T & LAW CAN ONLY PUNI% ! CRIM9AL4 ,!Y NEI!R CURE NOR PREV5T CRIME4 ,! ONLY REAL CURE = CRIME IS TO ABOLI% ITS CAUSES1 & ?IS ! GOV]NM5T CAN NEV] DO BECAUSE IT IS !RE TO PRES]VE ?OSE V]Y CAUSES4 ,CRIME CAN BE ELIM9AT$ ONLY BY DO+ AWAY ) ! CONDITIONS ?AT CREATE IT4 ,GOV]NM5T CANNOT DO IT4 

,AN>*ISM MEANS TO DO AWAY ) ?OSE CONDITIONS4 ,CRIMES RESULT+ FROM GOV]NM5T1 FROM ITS OPPRESSION & 9JU/ICE1 FROM 9EQUALITY & POV]TY1 WILL DISAPPE> UND] AN>*Y4 ,!SE CON/ITUTE BY F> ! GREATE/ P]C5TAGE ( CRIME4 

,! TRU? IS1 PRES5T LIFE IS IMPRACTICAL1 COMPLEX & CONFUS$1 & NOT SATISFACTORY FROM ANY PO9T ( VIEW4 ,?AT IS :Y !RE IS SO MU* MIS]Y & DISCONT5T4 ,! WORK] IS NOT SATISFI$2 NOR IS ! MA/] HAPPY 9 HIS CON/ANT ANXIETY OV] 0BAD TIMES0 9VOLV+ LOSS ( PROP]TY & P[]4 ,! SPECT] ( FE> = TOMORR[ DOGS ! /EPS ( POOR & RI* ALIKE4 

,C]TA9LY ! WORK] HAS NO?+ TO LOSE BY A *ANGE FROM GOV]NM5T & CAPITALISM TO A CONDITION ( NO GOV]NM5T1 ( AN>*Y4 

,! MIDDLE CLASSES >E ALMO/ AS UNC]TA9 ( !IR EXI/5CE AS ! WORK]S4 ,!Y >E DEP5D5T UPON ! GOODWILL ( ! MANUFACTUR] & :OLESAL]1 ( ! L>GE COMB9ES ( 9DU/RY & CAPITAL1 & !Y >E ALWAYS 9 DANG] ( BANKRUPTCY & RU94 

,EV5 ! BIG CAPITALI/ HAS LITTLE TO LOSE BY ! *ANG+ ( ! PRES5T-DAY SY/EM TO ONE ( AN>*Y1 = UND] ! LATT] EV]Y ONE W\LD BE ASSUR$ ( HIS LIV+ & COM=T2 ! FE> ( COMPETITION W\LD BE ELIM9AT$ ) ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE [N]%IP4 ,EV]Y ONE W\LD HAVE FULL & UNH9D]$ OPPORTUNITY TO LIVE & 5JOY HIS LIFE TO ! UTMO/ ( HIS CAPACITY4 

,ADD TO ?IS ! CONSCI\SNESS ( PEACE & H>MONY2 ! FEEL+ ?AT COMES ) FRE$OM FROM F9ANCIAL OR MAT]IAL WORRIES2 ! REALIZATION ?AT Y\ >E 9 A FRI5DLY WORLD ) NO 5VY OR BUS9ESS RIVALRY TO DI/URB Y\R M9D2 9 A WORLD ( BRO!RS2 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( LIB]TY & G5]AL WELF>E4 

,IT IS ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE TO CONCEIVE ( ! WOND]FUL OPPORTUNITIES :I* W\LD OP5 UP TO MAN 9 A SOCIETY ( COMMUNI/ AN>*ISM4 ,! SCI5TI/ C\LD FULLY DEVOTE HIMSELF TO HIS BELOV$ PURSUITS1 )\T BE+ H>ASS$ AB\T HIS DAILY BREAD4 ,! 9V5TOR W\LD F9D EV]Y FACILITY AT HIS DISPOSAL TO B5EFIT HUMANITY BY HIS DISCOV]IES & 9V5TIONS4 ,! WRIT]1 ! POET1 ! >TI/ -- ALL W\LD RISE ON ! W+S ( LIB]TY & SOCIAL H>MONY TO GREAT] HEI<TS ( ATTA9M5T4 

,CRIME 9 ,AN ,AN>*Y 7,WILLIAM ,MORRIS7.<#a#i.> 

 0,WELL10 SAID ,I1 0?AT IS UND]/OOD1 & ,I AGREE ) IT2 BUT H[ AB\T CRIMES ( VIOL5CE8 W\LD NOT !IR OCCURR5CE 7& Y\ ADMIT ?AT !Y OCCUR7 MAKE CRIM9AL LAW NECESS>Y80 

,SAID HE3 0,9 Y\R S5SE ( ! WORD1 WE HAVE NO CRIM9AL LAW EI!R4 ,LET US LOOK AT ! MATT] CLOS]1 & SEE :5CE CRIMES ( VIOL5CE SPR+4 ,BY F> ! GREAT] P>T ( !SE 9 PA/ DAYS W]E ! RESULT ( ! LAWS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 :I* =BADE ! SATISFACTION ( !IR NATURAL DESIRES TO ALL BUT A PRIVILEG$ FEW1 & ( ! G5]AL VISIBLE CO]CION :I* CAME ( !SE LAWS4 ,ALL ?AT CAUSE ( VIOL5T CRIME IS GONE4 ,AGA91 MANY VIOL5T ACTS CAME FROM ! >TIFICIAL P]V]SION ( ! SEXUAL PASSIONS1 :I* CAUS$ OV]-WE5+ JEAL\SY & ! LIKE MIS]IES4 ,N[1 :5 Y\ LOOK C>EFULLY 9TO !SE1 Y\ WILL F9D ?AT :AT LAY AT ! BOTTOM ( !M WAS MO/LY ! IDEA 7A LAW-MADE IDEA7 ( ! WOMAN BE+ ! PROP]TY ( MAN1 :E!R HE W]E HUSB&1 FA!R1 BRO!R1 OR :AT NOT4 ,?AT IDEA HAS ( C\RSE VANI%$ ) PRIVATE PROP]TY1 AS WELL AS C]TA9 FOLLIES AB\T ! 'RU9' ( WOM5 = FOLL[+ !IR NATURAL DESIRES 9 AN ILLEGAL WAY :I* ( C\RSE WAS A CONV5TION CAUS$ BY ! LAWS ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 

0,ANO!R COGNATE CAUSE ( CRIMES ( VIOL5CE WAS ! FAMILY TYRANNY1 :I* WAS ! SUBJECT ( SO MANY NOVELS & /ORIES ( ! PA/1 & :I* ONCE MORE WAS ! RESULT ( PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,( C\RSE ?AT IS ALL 5D$1 S9CE FAMILIES >E HELD TOGE!R BY NO BOND ( CO]CION1 LEGAL OR SOCIAL1 BUT BY MUTUAL LIK+ & AFFECTION1 & EV]YBODY IS FREE TO COME & GO AS HE OR %E PLEASES4 ,FUR!RMORE1 \R /&>DS ( HONOR & PUBLIC E/IMATION >E V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ! OLD ONES2 SUCCESS 9 BE/+ \R NEI<BORS IS A ROAD TO R5[N N[ CLOS$1 LET US HOPE = EV]4 ,EA* MAN IS FREE TO EX]CISE HIS SPECIAL FACULTY TO ! UTMO/1 & EV]Y ONE 5C\RAGES HIM 9 SO DO+4 ,SO ?AT WE HAVE GOT RID ( ! SC[L+ 5VY1 C\PL$ BY ! POETS ) HATR$1 & SURELY ) GOOD REASON2 HEAPS ( UNHAPP9ESS & ILL-BLOOD W]E CAUS$ BY IT1 :I* ) IRRITABLE & PASSIONATE M5 -- I4E41 5]GETIC & ACTIVE M5 -- (T5 L$ TO VIOL5CE40 

,I LAU<$1 & SAID3 0,SO ?AT Y\ N[ )DRAW Y\R ADMISSION1 & SAY ?AT !RE IS NO VIOL5CE AMONG Y\80 

0,NO01 SAID HE1 0,I )DRAW NO?+2 AS ,I TOLD Y\1 SU* ?+S WILL HAPP54 ,HOT BLOOD WILL ]R SOMETIMES4 ,A MAN MAY /RIKE ANO!R1 & ! /RICK5 /RIKE BACK AGA91 & ! RESULT BE A HOMICIDE1 TO PUT IT AT ! WOR/4 ,BUT :AT !N8 ,%ALL WE ! NEI<BORS MAKE IT WORSE /ILL8 ,%ALL WE ?9K SO POORLY ( EA* O!R AS TO SUPPOSE ?AT ! SLA9 MAN CALLS ON US TO REV5GE HIM1 :5 WE KN[ ?AT IF HE HAD BE5 MAIM$1 HE W\LD1 :5 9 COLD BLOOD & ABLE TO WEI< ALL ! CIRCUM/ANCES1 HAVE =GIV5 HIS MAIM]8 ,OR WILL ! DEA? ( ! SLAY] BR+ ! SLA9 MAN TO LIFE AGA9 & CURE ! UNHAPP9ESS HIS LOSS HAS CAUS$80 

0,YES10 ,I SAID1 0BUT CONSID]1 MU/ NOT ! SAFETY ( SOCIETY BE SAFEGU>D$ BY SOME PUNI%M5T80 

0,!RE1 NEI<BOR60 SAID ! OLD MAN1 ) SOME EXULTATION4 0,Y\ HAVE HIT ! M>K4 ,?AT PUNI%M5T ( :I* M5 US$ TO TALK SO WISELY & ACT SO FOOLI%LY1 :AT WAS IT BUT ! EXPRESSION ( !IR FE>8 ,& !Y HAD NE$ TO FE>1 S9CE !Y -- I4E41 ! RUL]S ( SOCIETY -- W]E DWELL+ LIKE AN >M$ B& 9 A HO/ILE C\NTRY4 ,BUT WE :O LIVE AMONG \R FRI5DS NE$ NEI!R FE> NOR PUNI%4 ,SURELY IF WE1 9 DREAD ( AN OCCASIONAL R>E HOMICIDE1 AN OCCASIONAL R\< BL[1 W]E SOLEMNLY & LEGALLY TO COMMIT HOMICIDE1 WE C\LD ONLY BE A SOCIETY ( F]OCI\S C[>DS4 ,DON'T Y\ ?9K SO1 NEI<BOR80 

0,YES1 ,I DO1 :5 ,I COME TO ?9K ( IT FROM ?AT SIDE10 SAID ,I4 

0,YET Y\ MU/ UND]/&10 SAID ! OLD MAN1 0?AT :5 ANY VIOL5CE IS COMMITT$1 WE EXPECT ! TRANSGRESSOR TO MAKE ANY ATONEM5T POSSIBLE TO HIM1 & HE HIMSELF EXPECTS IT4 ,BUT AGA91 ?9K IF ! DE/RUCTION OR S]I\S 9JURY ( A MAN MOM5T>ILY OV]COME BY WRA? OR FOLLY CAN BE ANY ATONEM5T TO ! COMMONWEAL?8 ,SURELY IT CAN ONLY BE AN ADDITIONAL 9JURY TO IT40 

,SAID ,I3 0,BUT SUPPOSE ! MAN HAS A HABIT ( VIOL5CE1 KILLS A MAN A YE>1 = 9/ANCE80 

0,SU* A ?+ IS UNKN[N10 SAID HE4 0,9 A SOCIETY :]E !RE IS NO PUNI%M5T TO EVADE1 NO LAW TO TRIUMPH OV]1 REMORSE WILL C]TA9LY FOLL[ TRANSGRESSION40 

0,& LESS] \TBREAKS ( VIOL5CE10 SAID ,I1 0H[ DO Y\ DEAL ) !M8 = HI!RTO WE HAVE BE5 TALK+ ( GREAT TRAG$IES1 ,I SUPPOSE80 

,SAID ,HAMMOND3 0,IF ! ILL-DO] IS NOT SICK OR MAD 79 :I* CASE HE MU/ BE RE/RA9$ TILL HIS SICKNESS OR MADNESS IS CUR$7 IT IS CLE> ?AT GRIEF & HUMILIATION MU/ FOLL[ ! ILL-DE$2 & SOCIETY 9 G5]AL WILL MAKE ?AT PRETTY CLE> TO ! ILL-DO] IF HE %\LD *ANCE TO BE DULL TO IT2 & AGA91 SOME K9D ( ATONEM5T WILL FOLL[1 -- AT ! LEA/1 AN OP5 ACKN[L$GM5T ( ! GRIEF & HUMILIATION4 ,IS IT SO H>D TO SAY1 ,I ASK Y\R P>DON1 NEI<BOR8 -- ,WELL1 SOMETIMES IT IS H>D -- & LET IT BE40 

0,Y\ ?9K ?AT 5\<80 SAID ,I4 

0,YES10 SAID HE1 0& MOREOV] IT IS ALL ?AT WE CAN DO4 ,IF 9 ADDITION WE TORTURE ! MAN1 WE TURN HIS GRIEF 9TO ANG]1 & ! HUMILIATION HE W\LD O!RWISE FEEL = HIS WRONG-DO+ IS SWALL[$ UP BY A HOPE ( REV5GE = \R WRONG-DO+ TO HIM4 ,HE HAS PAID ! LEGAL P5ALTY REMITT$ BE=E HE SAID 0,GO & S9 NO MORE40 ,LET ALONE ?AT 9 A SOCIETY ( EQUALS Y\ WILL NOT F9D ANY ONE TO PLAY ! P>T ( TORTUR] OR JAIL]1 ?\< MANY TO ACT AS NURSE OR DOCTOR40 

0,SO10 SAID ,I1 0Y\ CONSID] CRIME A M]E SPASMODIC DISEASE1 :I* REQUIRES NO BODY ( CRIM9AL LAW TO DEAL ) IT80 

0,PRETTY MU* SO10 SAID HE2 0& S9CE1 AS ,I HAVE TOLD Y\1 WE >E A HEAL?Y PEOPLE G5]ALLY1 SO WE >E NOT LIKELY TO BE MU* TR\BL$ ) ?IS DISEASE40 

,SMALL ,/EPS 9 ! ,DIRECTION ( ,AN>*Y 7,COL9 ,W>D7.<#b.> 

 ,AS ,ALEX&] ,H]Z5 PUT IT OV] A C5TURY AGO3 0,A GOAL :I* IS 9F9ITELY REMOTE IS NOT A GOAL AT ALL1 IT IS A DECEPTION4 ,A GOAL MU/ BE CLOS] -- AT ! V]Y LEA/ ! LABOR]'S WAGE OR PLEASURE 9 ! WORK P]=M$4 ,EA* EPO*1 EA* G5]ATION1 EA* LIFE HAS HAD1 & HAS1 ITS [N EXP]I5CE1 & ! 5D ( EA* G5]ATION MU/ BE ITSELF40 

,! *OICE BETWE5 LIB]T>IAN & AU?ORIT>IAN SOLUTIONS IS NOT A ONCE-&-=-ALL CATACLYSMIC /RUGGLE1 IT IS A S]IES ( RUNN+ 5GAGEM5TS1 MO/ ( !M NEV] CONCLUD$1 :I* OCCUR1 & HAVE OCCURR$1 ?R\<\T HI/ORY4 ,EV]Y HUMAN SOCIETY1 EXCEPT ! MO/ TOTALIT>IAN ( UTOPIAS OR ANTI-UTOPIAS1 IS A PLURAL SOCIETY ) L>GE >EAS :I* >E NOT 9 CON=MITY ) ! (FICIALLY IMPOS$ OR DECL>$ VALUES4 ,AN EXAMPLE ( ?IS CAN BE SE5 9 ! ALLEG$ DIVISION ( ! WORLD 9TO CAPITALI/ & COMMUNI/ BLOCKS3 !RE >E VA/ >EAS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES :I* >E NOT GOV]N$ BY CAPITALI/ PR9CIPLES1 & !RE >E MANY ASPECTS ( ! SOCIALI/ SOCIETIES :I* CANNOT BE DESCRIB$ AS SOCIALI/4 ,Y\ MI<T EV5 SAY ?AT ! ONLY ?+ ?AT MAKES LIFE LIVABLE 9 ! CAPITALI/ WORLD IS UNACKN[L$G$ NON-CAPITALI/ ELEM5T )9 IT1 & ! ONLY ?+ ?AT MAKES SURVIVAL POSSIBLE 9 ! COMMUNI/ WORLD IS ! UNACKN[L$G$ CAPITALI/ ELEM5T 9 IT4 ,?IS IS :Y A CONTROLL$ M>KET IS A LEFT-W+ DEM& 9 A CAPITALI/ ECONOMY -- ALONG ) /ATE CONTROL1 :ILE A FREE M>KET IS A LEFT-W+ DEM& 9 A COMMUNI/ SOCIETY -- ALONG ) WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! DEM&S >E = :ITTL+ AWAY P[] FROM ! C5T]1 :E!R IT IS ! P[] ( ! /ATE OR CAPITALISM1 OR /ATE-CAPITALISM4 

,SO :AT >E ! PROSPECTS = 9CREAS+ ! AN>*I/ CONT5T ( ! REAL WORLD8 ,FROM ONE PO9T ( VIEW ! \TLOOK IS BLEAK3 C5TRALIZ$ P[]1 :E!R ?AT ( GOV]NM5TS OR SUP]-GOV]NM5TS1 OR ( PRIVATE CAPITALISM OR SUP]-CAPITALISM ( GIANT 9T]NATIONAL CORPORATIONS1 HAS NEV] BE5 GREAT]4 ,! PROPHESIES ( N9ETE5?-C5TURY AN>*I/S LIKE ,PR\DHON & ,BAKUN9 AB\T ! P[] ( ! /ATE OV] ! CITIZ5 HAVE A RELEVANCE TODAY :I* MU/ HAVE SEEM$ UNLIKELY TO !IR CONTEMPOR>IES4 

,FROM ANO!R /&PO9T ! \TLOOK IS 9F9ITELY PROMIS+4 ,! V]Y GR[? ( ! /ATE & ITS BUREAUCRACY1 ! GIANT CORPORATION & ITS PRIVILEG$ HI]>*Y1 >E EXPOS+ !IR VULN]ABILITY TO NON-COOP]ATION1 TO SABOTAGE1 & TO ! EXPLOITATION ( !IR WEAKNESSES BY ! WEAK4 ,!Y >E ALSO GIV+ RISE TO P>ALLEL ORGANIZATIONS1 C\NT] ORGANIZATIONS1 ALT]NATIVE ORGANIZATIONS1 :I* EXEMPLIFY ! AN>*I/ ME?OD4 ,9DU/RIAL M]G]S & RATIONALIZATION HAVE BR$ ! REVIVAL ( ! DEM& = WORK]S' CONTROL1 FIR/ AS A SLOGAN OR A TACTIC LIKE ! WORK-91 ULTIMATELY AS A DE/9ATION4 ,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! S*OOL & ! UNIV]SITY AS BROIL]-H\SES = A PLACE 9 ! OCCUPATIONAL PECK+-ORD] HAVE GIV5 RISE TO ! DE-S*OOL+ MOVEM5T & ! IDEA ( ! ANTI-UNIV]SITY4 ,! USE ( M$IC9E & PSY*IATRY AS AG5TS ( CON=MITY HAS L$ TO ! IDEA ( ! ANTI-HOSPITAL & ! SELF-HELP !RAPEUTIC GR\P4 ,! FAILURE ( ,WE/]N SOCIETY TO H\SE ITS CITIZ5S HAS PROMPT$ ! GR[? ( SQUATT] MOVEM5TS & T5ANTS' CO-OP]ATIVES4 ,! TRIUMPH ( ! SUP]M>KET 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES HAS BEGUN A MU%ROOM+ ( FOOD CO-OP]ATIVES4 ,! DELIB]ATE PAUP]IZATION ( ?OSE :O CANNOT WORK HAS L$ TO ! RECOV]Y ( SELF-RESPECT ?R\< ,CLAIMANTS' ,UNIONS4 

,COMMUNITY ORGANIZATIONS ( EV]Y CONCEIVABLE K9D1 COMMUNITY NEWSPAP]S1 MOVEM5TS = *ILD WELF>E1 COMMUNAL H\SEHOLDS HAVE RESULT$ FROM ! NEW CONSCI\SNESS ?AT LOCAL AS WELL AS C5TRAL GOV]NM5T EXPLOIT ! POOR & >E UNRESPONSIVE TO ?OSE :O >E UNABLE TO EX]T EFFECTIVE PRESSURE = !MSELVES4 ,! 0RATIONALIZATION0 ( LOCAL ADM9I/RATION 9 ,BRITA9 9TO 0L>G] & MORE EFFECTIVE UNITS0 IS EVOK+ A RESPONSE 9 ! DEM& = NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS4 ,A NEW SELF-CONFID5CE & ASS]TION ( !IR RI<T TO EXI/ ON !IR [N T]MS HAS SPRUNG UP AMONG ! VICTIMS ( P>TICUL> K9DS ( DISCRIM9ATION -- BLACK LIB]ATION1 WOM5'S LIB]ATION1 HOMOSEXUAL LIB]ATION1 PRISON]S' LIB]ATION1 *ILDR5'S LIB]ATION3 ! LI/ IS ALMO/ 5DLESS & IS C]TA9LY GO+ TO GET LONG] AS MORE & MORE PEOPLE BECOME MORE & MORE CONSCI\S ?AT SOCIETY IS ORGANIZ$ 9 WAYS :I* D5Y !M A PLACE 9 ! SUN4 ,9 ! AGE ( MASS POLITICS & MASS CON=MITY1 ?IS IS A MAGNIFIC5T REASS]TION ( 9DIVIDUAL VALUES & ( HUMAN DIGNITY4 

,NONE ( !SE MOVEM5TS IS YET A ?REAT TO ! P[] /RUCTURE1 & ?IS IS SC>CELY SURPRIS+ S9CE H>DLY ANY ( !M EXI/$ BE=E ! LATE #a#i#fS4 ,NONE ( !M FITS 9TO ! FRAMEWORK ( CONV5TIONAL POLITICS4 ,9 FACT1 !Y DON'T SPEAK ! SAME LANGUAGE AS ! POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,!Y TALK ! LANGUAGE ( AN>*ISM & !Y 9SI/ ON AN>*I/IC PR9CIPLES ( ORGANIZATION1 :I* !Y HAVE LE>N$ NOT FROM POLITICAL !ORY BUT FROM !IR [N EXP]I5CE4 ,!Y ORGANIZE 9 LOOSELY ASSOCIAT$ GR\PS :I* >E VOLUNT>Y1 FUNCTIONAL1 TEMPOR>Y & SMALL4 ,!Y DEP5D1 NOT ON MEMB]%IP C>DS1 VOTES1 A SPECIAL LEAD]%IP & A H]D ( 9ACTIVE FOLL[]S BUT ON SMALL1 FUNCTIONAL GR\PS :I* EBB & FL[1 GR\P & REGR\P1 ACCORD+ TO ! TASK 9 H&4 ,!Y >E NETWORKS1 NOT PYRAMIDS4 

,AT ! V]Y TIME :5 ! 0IRRESI/IBLE TR5DS ( MOD]N SOCIETY0 SEEM$ TO BE LEAD+ US TO A MASS SOCIETY ( 5SLAV$ CONSUM]S !Y >E REM9D+ US ( ! TRU? ?AT ! IRRESI/IBLE IS SIMPLY ?AT :I* IS NOT RESI/$4 ,OBVI\SLY A :OLE S]IES ( P>TIAL & 9COMPLETE VICTORIES1 ( CONCESSIONS WON FROM ! HOLD]S ( P[]1 WILL NOT LEAD TO AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY4 ,BUT IT WILL WID5 ! SCOPE ( FREE ACTION & ! POT5TIALITY = FRE$OM 9 ! SOCIETY WE HAVE4 

,! IDEA ( ONE-/EP1 ONCE-=-ALL REVOLUTION HAS ITS ATTRACTIONS4 ,BUT SU* COMPROMISES ( AN>*I/ NOTIONS W\LD HAVE TO BE MADE1 SU* AU?ORIT>IAN B$FELL[S *OS51 = A FRONTAL ATTACK ON ! P[] /RUCTURE1 ?AT ! AN>*I/ ANSW] TO CRIES = REVOLUTION>Y UNITY IS LIKELY TO BE 0,:OSE NOOSE >E Y\ 9VIT+ ME TO PUT R\ND MY NECK ?IS TIME80 

,! ,RELEVANCE ( ,AN>*ISM 7,BILL ,*RI/OPH]1 ,JACK ,ROB9SON1 ,PHILIP ,SANSOM1 & ,PET] ,TURN]7.<#b#a.> 

 ,AN>*ISM IS A PHILOSOPHY ( FRE$OM4 ,IT IS A BODY ( REVOLUTION>Y IDEAS :I* RECONCILES1 AS NO O!R REVOLUTION>Y CONCEPT DOES1 ! NECESSITY = 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM ) ! DEM&S ( SOCIETY4 ,IT IS A COMMUNE-I/ PHILOSOPHY :I* />TS FROM ! 9DIVIDUAL & WORKS UPW>DS1 9/EAD ( />T+ FROM ! ,/ATE & WORK+ D[NW>D4 ,SOCIAL /RUCTURE 9 AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY W\LD BE C>EFULLY & CONSCI\SLY KEPT TO A M9IMUM & W\LD BE /RICTLY FUNCTIONAL2 :]E ORGANIZATION IS NECESS>Y1 IT W\LD BE MA9TA9$1 BUT !RE W\LD BE NO ORGANIZATION = ITS [N SAKE4 ,?IS W\LD HELP TO PREV5T ! H>D5+ ( ORGANIZATIONS 9TO 9/ITUTIONS -- ! H>D CORE ( GOV]NM5T4 

,! HE>T ( AN>*ISM IS ITS OPPOSITION TO GOV]NM5T4 ,NOT JU/ A P>TICUL> ,GOV]NM5T1 BUT GOV]NM5T AS AN 9/ITUTION4 ,?IS IS EXPLICITLY EXPRESS$ 9 ! WORD 0AN>*ISM0 MEAN+ ! PHILOSOPHY OR IDEOLOGY :I* AIMS AT 0AN>*Y03 ! ABS5CE ( GOV]NM5T4 ,! AIM IS %>$ BY O!R IDEOLOGIES -- SOCIALI/ & COMMUNI/ --  :O SEE ! 0WI!R+ AWAY ( ! ,/ATE0 AS A DESIRABLE GOAL1 BUT CONCEIVE ! WAY T[>DS ?AT GOAL AS LY+ ?R\< ! USE ( ! V]Y 9/ITUTIONS !Y WANT TO ABOLI%4 ,AN>*I/S MA9TA9 ?AT ! USE ( !SE REPRESSIVE 9/ITUTIONS 9 ! NAME ( ! REVOLUTION1 OR ( PROGRESS1 OR ( FRE$OM1 CORRUPTS ! REVOLUTION1 9HIBITS PROGRESS & CRU%ES FRE$OM4 

,= AN>*I/S1 ! 5D DET]M9ES ! MEANS4 ,IF Y\R 5D IS A SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T1 !N Y\ DO NOT DO ANY?+ TO SUPPORT ! IDEA OR FACT ( GOV]NM5T OR TO 5C\RAGE ! IDEA ?AT GOV]NM5T CAN 9 ANY WAY BE DESIRABLE4 ,IF Y\R AIM IS ! ABOLITION ( ! ,/ATE -- :I* IS ! CONC5TRATION ( ! 9/ITUTIONS ( GOV]NM5T --  !N Y\ DO NO?+ TO 5C\RAGE ! LIFE ( ! ,/ATE BY PRET5D+ IT CAN BE US$ = LIB]ATION3 ,ALL ! MEANS BY :I* PEOPLE >E GOV]N$ >E ANA!MA TO AN>*ISM4 

,?IS ADDS UP TO A COH]5T & LOGICAL IDEOLOGY & )9 ITSELF AN>*ISM IS A P]FECT SET ( IDEAS4 ,9 ITS APPLICATION TO ! EXI/+ 0REAL0 WORLD1 H[EV]1 IT IS BE+ APPLI$ TO V]Y IMP]FECT SITUATIONS4 ,& FUR!RMORE1 AN>*I/S !MSELVES DIFF] 9 !IR 9T]PRETATIONS ( AN>*ISM1 BO? 9 RELATION TO CURR5T EV5TS & 9 ! EMPHASIS !Y PUT UPON ! V>I\S ASPECTS ( ! OV]ALL PHILOSOPHY4 

,?IS CAN LEAD TO APP>5T CONTRADICTIONS4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O ADVOCATE ! ABOLITION ( ! WAGE SY/EM SUPPORT WORK]S ON /RIKE = HI<] WAGES2 9DIVIDUALI/S :O >E OPPOS$ TO ! ,/ATE SEE NO REASON :Y !Y %\LD NOT AVAIL !MSELVES ( ! SOCIAL S]VICES :5 !Y >E UNEMPLOY$2 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS SUPPORT ! ABOLITION ( A LAW 7HANG+1 ABORTION1 HOMOSEXUALITY7 :I* CAN ONLY BE DONE ?R\< ,P>LIAM5T2 ANTI-IMP]IALI/S CONDEMN 0NATIONAL LIB]ATION0 MOVEM5TS :I* >E FI<T+ AN IMP]IALI/ OPPRESSOR2 ANTI-W> MILITANTS :O HAVE GONE TO PRISON RA!R ?AN TAKE UP >MS SUPPORT A VIOL5T REVOLUTION 444 & SO ON4 

,?IS IS NOT QUITE SO ABSURD AS IT MAY APPE>4 ,WE HAVE TO LIVE 9 ! WORLD AS IT IS -- BUT AS AN>*I/S WE >E GO+ TO DO \R DAMN$E/ TO MAKE IT AS WE W\LD LIKE IT TO BE4 ,WE KN[ H[ BEAUTIFUL LIFE C\LD BE1 BUT WE HAVE TO />T FROM ! UGLY REALITY4 

,N[ EA* AN>*I/ WILL MAKE HIS [N MOVES & IF WE RESPECT EA* O!R WE WILL RESPECT \R COMRADE'S [N SCALE ( PRIORITIES4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ WILL BE CONC]N$ PRIM>ILY ) A*IEV+ WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY1 & ?IS NECESSITATES BUILD+ UP WORK]S' CONFID5CE 9 !IR [N P[]S4 ,EV]Y VICTORY 9 EV5 A M9OR /RUGGLE 5C\RAGES ?IS CONFID5CE2 EV]Y DEFEAT DIM9I%ES IT4 ,SO ! AN>*I/ 9 AN 9DU/RIAL CONTEXT WILL ?R[ 9 HIS EF=T TO HELP W9 A DISPUTE :I* P]HAPS 9 ITSELF IS IRRELEVANT AS F> AS A MONEY-LESS SOCIETY IS CONC]N$1 BUT :I* WILL TEA* ! WORK]S MORE AB\T TACTICS1 AB\T ! VALUE ( DIRECT ACTION1 AB\T !IR IMPORTANCE 9 SOCIETY1 ! /R5G? !Y GA9 ?R\< SOLID>ITY1 ! CREATIVITY ( !IR WORK1 !IR DIGNITY AS HUMAN BE+S -- P]HAPS A HUNDR$ LESSONS4 

,= WE %\LD NOT =GET ?AT !RE >E TWO SETS ( ASPECTS ( AN>*ISM3 ! 5D & ! MEANS4 ,WE HAVE IMPLI$ ! 5D3 AN>*Y1 ! SOCIETY )\T GOV]NM5T OR ANY ( ! MEANS ( GOV]NM5T1 )\T MONEY & ! WAGE SY/EM & ! EXPLOITATION !Y BR+2 )\T ! ,/ATE :I* DEF5DS ?AT EXPLOITATION ?R\< ! LAW1 ! POLICE1 ! PRISONS1 ! CON/ITUTIONAL MURD] ( ! GALL[S OR ! GAS *AMB]1 ALL BACK$ UP BY ! >MY1 NAVY & AIR =CE2 ! 9CULCATION :I* PASSES = $UCATION1 ! SUBTLE PRESSURES ( ! BUREAUCRACY & ! ,*UR*4 ,AN>*Y MEANS ! REPLACEM5T ( !SE ANTI-SOCIAL =CES BY FREE ASSOCIATION & MUTUAL AID1 BY FREE ACCESS TO ! MEANS ( LIFE1 BY ! JOY ( MAK+ & %>+ & LIV+4 ,A DELI<TFUL IDEAL6 

,AN>*ISM ALSO MEANS ! /RUGGLE TO A*IEVE ALL ?IS4 ,A BITT] /RUGGLE AGA9/ RU?LESS =CES :I* WILL APP>5TLY /OP AT NO?+ TO MA9TA9 ! P[] SET-UP AS IT IS4 ,! GREAT ADVANTAGE AN>*ISM HAS IS ?AT IT IS NOT SIDE-TRACK$ 9TO DIV]SIONS LIKE ! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE1 LIKE 0WORK]S' GOV]NM5T0 OR ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT01 TRY+ TO A*IEVE P[] 9 ORD] TO ABOLI% IT OR ! HI/ORICAL PROCESS OR ANY O!R MY?OLOGY4 ,AN>*ISM TEA*ES ! GOV]N$ TO USE !IR /R5G? :]E IT MATT]S -- AT ! PO9T ( PRODUCTION2 & TO USE IT 9 ! WAY IT MATT]S -- BY DIRECT ACTION4 

,! MEANS ( FRE$OM = ! 5D ( FRE$OM3 ?AT IS ! RELEVANCE & /R5G? ( AN>*ISM4 

.<#a.> ,FROM ,AN>*Y1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 ,ITALIAN 9 #a#h#i#a1 ,5GLI% TRANSLATION PUBLI%$ BY ,FRE$OM ,PRESS4 

.<#b.> ,?IS P$ANTIC DESCRIPTION ( AN>*Y IS FROM ! 5TRY ON 0,AN>*ISM0 9 ,5CYCLOP$IA ,BRITANNICA1 #aia $ITION 7REPR9T$ 9 ,AN>*ISM & ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 ,! WORD 09DIVIDUALISM0 HAS *ANG$ ITS MEAN+ S9CE ?AT TIME2 ,KROPOTK9 USES IT TO MEAN COMPETITIV5ESS1 :ILE TODAY IT MEANS ! URGE T[>DS :AT ,KROPOTK9 CALLS 09DIVIDUATION04 

.<#c.> ,FROM ,P5SI]O @& ,VOLONTA #a#i#b#f4 ,9CLUD$ 9 ,MALATE/A ,LIFE & ,IDEAS1 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS4 

.<#d.> ,FROM 0,AN>*ISM & ,SELFI%NESS01 A CONSCI\S EGOI/ AN>*I/ >TICLE 9 ,! ,RAV5 #c 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#e.> ,FROM ,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#f.> ,FROM ,UMANITA ,NOVA #a#i#b-#a#i#b#d 9CLUD$ 9 ,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#g.> ,FROM ,! ,/ATE1 ITS HI/ORIC ROLE1 WRITT5 9 ,FR5* 9 #ahif & 9T5D$ = DELIV]Y AS A LECTURE4 ,5GLI% TRANSLATION N[ PUBLI%$ BY ,FRE$OM ,PRESS4 ,EVID5CE = ,KROPOTK9'S CONT5TION IS SET \T 9 HIS ,MUTUAL ,AID1 ALSO FROM ,FRE$OM ,PRESS4 

.<#h.> ,FROM ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,FRE$OM1 #a#i#e#e4 

.<#i.> ,*>LOTTE ,WILSON WAS ! MA9 F\ND] & FIR/ $ITOR ( ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,FRE$OM4 ,?IS >TICLE 7SIGN$ 0,! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P0 ?\< IT IS C]TA9 ?AT %E WAS ! AU?OR7 WAS PUBLI%$ 9 #ahic 9 RESPONSE TO A DECL>ATION FROM ! ,SPANI% GOV]NM5T4 ,9 EXPLA9+ ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 AN>*ISM & BOMB?R[+ IT SETS \T AN>*ISM CLE>LY1 & WAS !RE=E ISSU$ AS A ,FRE$OM ,PAMPHLET BY ,WILSON'S SUCCESSORS 9 #a#i#i4 

.<#a.> ,P>T ( A #aidc $ITORIAL FROM ,W> ,COMM5T>Y1 9CLUD$ 9 ,NEI!R ,EA/ NOR ,WE/ 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#a.> ,FROM ,LESSONS ( ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#b.> ,FROM ,UMANITA ,NOVA #a#i#b4 ,9CLUD$ 9 ,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#c.> ,WRITT5 9 #a#h#f#g4 ,FROM ,K4,J4 ,K5AFIK 7$7 ,M>XISM1 ,FRE$OM1 & ! ,/ATE 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#d.> ,EXTRACT FROM AN >TICLE ON AN>*ISM FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#g#c4 ,N[ PUBLI%$ ) ANO!R ESSAY 9 ,AN>*ISM & ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#e.> ,V>I\S PUBLICATIONS #a#h#i#g-#a#i#b#c4 ,9CLUD$ 9 ,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#f.> ,FROM ,UMANITA ,NOVA & ,IL ,RISVEGLIO #a#i#b#a-#a#i#b#i4 ,9CLUD$ 9 ,MALATE/A3 ,LIFE & ,IDEAS 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#g.> ,FROM ,AN 9QUIRY CONC]N+ POLITICAL JU/ICE 7#a#g#i#c74 ,9CLUD$ 9 ,PET] ,M>%ALL 7$7 ,! ,AN>*I/ ,WRIT+S ( ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#a#h.> ,FROM ,A,B,C ( ,AN>*ISM 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS71 FIR/ PUBLI%$ #a#i#b#g4 

.<#a#i.> ,MORRIS 5VISAG$ ! ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5T BY ,ACT ( ,P>LIAM5T1 & !RE=E DESCRIB$ HIMSELF AS A SOCIALI/ & NOT AN AN>*I/4 ,H[EV]1 ! UTOPIA HE IMAG9ES 9 ,NEWS FROM ,NO:]E 7#a#h#i7 IS UND\BT$LY AN AN>*Y4 ,9 ?IS PASSAGE HE DISCUSSES ! QUE/ION ( H[ AN>*Y MI<T DEAL ) CRIME4 ,SEE ,M>IE ,L\ISE ,B]N]I1 ,J\RNEY ?R\< ,UTOPIA 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#b.> ,FROM ,AN>*Y 9 ,ACTION 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

.<#b#a.> ,WRITT5 & PUBLI%$ BY ! $ITORS ( ,FRE$OM 9 #a#i#g4 ,9CLUD$ 9 ,*>LES ,CRUTE 7$7 ,! ,/ATE IS ,Y\R ,5EMY 7,FRE$OM ,PRESS74 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiid 3 ,:AT ,IS ,AN>*ISM8 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,APRIL #a#i1 #bb 3 ,:AT ,IS ,AN>*ISM8 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bbb 3 ,:AT ,IS ,AN>*ISM8 ,AN ,9TRODUCTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/