,*APT] #ba 
,PLOTS1 ,PLANS & ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,/U>T ,*RI/IE 

,TEXT 3 

#b#a3 ,PLOTS1 ,PLANS & ! ,POPUL> ,FRONT 

  

,A S]IES ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL CRISES & MAJOR SC&ALS 9 LATE #aice 9VOLV+ ! BRIB]Y & CORRUPTION ( GOV]NM5T M9I/]S F9ALLY BR\<T D[N ! RI<T-W+ GOV]NM5T ( ,ALEJ&RO ,L]R\X4 ,! ,E/RAP]LO ,SC&AL1 ! ONE ?AT ATTRACT$ MO/ PUBLICITY1 9VOLV$ ! PRES5TATION ( GOLD WAT*ES TO MEMB]S ( ! GOV]NM5T & ,RADICAL ,P>TY 9 RETURN = ! LIC5S+ ( 'FIX$' ELECTRICAL R\LETTE :EELS 9 CAS9OS4 ,NEW ELECTIONS W]E >RANG$ = ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#f4 ,! ELECTORAL CAMPAIGN ( ! RI<T1 C5T]$ R\ND ,GIL ,ROBLES1 :OM ,PRESID5T ,ALCALA ,ZAMORA DISLIK$ & HAD BE5 AVOID+ APPO9T+ AS PRIME M9I/]1 WAS AIM$ AT E/ABLI%+ A TOTALIT>IAN REGIME4 

,! LEFT1 ON ! O!R H&1 UNWILL+ TO GO 9TO ! ELECTIONS DISUNIT$1 =M$ A ',POPUL> ,FRONT' COALITION CONSI/+ ( SOCIALI/S1 REPUBLICANS1 COMMUNI/S & O!R ,M>XI/ GR\P+S1 AS WELL AS ! ,CATALAN & O!R B\RGEOIS NATIONALI/ GR\PS4 ,ITS PROGRAM1 ! WORK ( ,AZANA & ,PRIETO1 WAS A MOD]ATE ONE1 PROMIS+ FULL RE/ORATION ( ! CON/ITUTION1 RE=M ( TAXATION1 POLICE1 ETC41 BUT IT REPUDIAT$ ! SOCIALI/ PROGRAM = ! NATIONALIZATION ( ! L&1 ! BANKS & 9DU/RY4 ,IT ALSO (F]$ AN AMNE/Y = ALL POLITICAL CRIMES COMMITT$ AFT] ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#c4 ,?IS WAS TO BE ! C>ROT = ! ,C,N,T4 

,COMPANYS1 9 ! MEANTIME1 HAD SMUGGL$ A LETT] FROM PRISON TO HIS DEPUTY1 ,JOSE ,ANTONIO ,TRABAL ,SANZ1 SUGGE/+ AN APPROA* BE MADE TO ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T TO ASK !M TO HALT !IR ANTI-ELECTION PROPAG&A 9 ! RUN-UP TO ! =?COM+ ELECTIONS4 

,TWO M5 APPROA*$ ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS1 A FREEMASON & A TRU/$ ASSOCIATE ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P ,F>R]AS1 ,GR& ,MA/] ( ! ,GR& ,LODGE ( ,CATALONIA & ! ,BALE>ICS1 & ,SALVAT ON BEHALF ( ! ,ESQU]RA4 ,A MEET+ WAS >RANG$ ) ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI & ,OLIV] TO DISCUSS ,COMPANYS'S PROPOSALS ?AT ! ,C,N,T REFRA9 FROM AN ACTIVE ANTI-ELECTION CAMPAIGN4 

,BE=E 9=M+ ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T AB\T ?IS APPROA*1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] CONV5$ A MEET+ ( ! LIKE-M9D$ COMRADES 9 ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P & ! ,CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA 7! TWO SO OV]LAPP$ AS TO BE ALMO/ 9DI/+UI%ABLE7 TO DISCUSS ! ,ESQU]RA PROPOSALS4 ,9 ,OLIV]'S VIEW1 IF !Y DUCK$ \T ( ! MEET+ ) ,COMPANYS'S 5VOYS !Y W\LD SEEK A SIMIL> ACCOMMODATION ) O!R ,C,N,T MILITANTS1 EI!R 9 ,CATALONIA OR ,MADRID4 ,A DECISION HAD TO BE MADE QUICKLY4 

,! CRUCIAL MEET+ WAS HELD 9 ,OLIV]'S AP>TM5T1 OPPOSITE ! ,JUPIT] FOOTBALL GR\ND 9 ,B>CELONA'S ,PUEBLO ,NUEVO DI/RICT4 ,ALL ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P ATT5D$ -- ,JOV]1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 ,DURRUTI1 9CLUD+ NEW MEMB]S ,ANTONIO ,ORTIZ & ,ANTONIO ,M>T9EZ4 ,ALSO PRES5T WAS ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS4 ,AP>T FROM ! ONE OR TWO MILITANTS :O HELD POSITIONS ( 9FLU5CE 9 ! UNION -- ,JOV] WAS A MEMB] ( ! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ BELONG$ TO ! ,LOCAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,B>CELONA'S ,C,N,T ,UNIONS -- ! AN>*I/S ASSEMBL$ ?AT DAY ALSO CON/ITUT$ ! 9FLU5TIAL ,CONF$]AL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ( ,CATALONIA1 ! JO9T ,C,N,T-,F,A,I BODY 5TRU/$ ) COORD9AT+ ! DEF5SE & REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY ( ! ORGANIZATION4 

,:5 ,VIVANCOS HAD \TL9$ ! PROPOSALS PUT TO HIM BY ! ,ESQU]RA & ,GR& ,LODGE1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] GAVE HIS VIEW ( ! SITUATION4 ,IF ! ,C,N,T HELP$ PUT ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' 9 IT W\LD PROVIDE !M ) ! MEANS TO ATTACK !M4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,C,N,T AB/A9$1 ! REACTION>IES W\LD GET 9 & ATTACK BO? !M & ! RE=MI/S TOGE!R1 MORALLY ! SAME AS VOT+ !M 91 SOME?+ :I* NO AN>*I/ C\LD EV] DO1 EV5 ?\< ! RE=MI/S W\LD PROBABLY TRY TO SELL !M \T TO ! REACTION>IES AS A B>GA9+ LEV]4 ,! ONLY VIABLE OPTION ! AN>*I/S W]E LEFT ) WAS TO SUPPORT A TACTICAL VOTE = ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' AS A MEANS ( KEEP+ ! FASCI/S \T LONG 5\< TO ALL[ !M TO PREP>E = :AT !Y =ESAW AS AN 9EVITABLE VIOL5T CONFRONTATION ) ! MILIT>Y4 ,OLIV] PROPOS$ ?AT 9 RETURN = SUPPORT+ ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' AT ! POLLS ! ,C,N,T %\LD BE PROVID$ ) SUFFICI5T WEAPONS TO RESI/ ! MILIT>Y UPRIS+4 

,NO?+1 H[EV]1 WAS TO BE AGRE$ UNTIL !Y HAD SECUR$ ! PROMISE ( WEAPONS 9 ADVANCE (1 OR IMM$IATELY AFT]1 ! ELECTORAL VICTORY ( ! LEFT4 

,! ,CATALAN AN>*I/S AGRE$ ?AT :5 ! ISSUE ( ! ANTI-ELECTION CAMPAIGN CAME UP = DISCUSSION 9 ! RUN-UP TO ! ELECTIONS1 !IR DUTY AS REVOLUTION>IES WAS TO SPELL \T :AT !Y SAW AS ! LIKELY CONSEQU5CES ( VOT+ OR AB/5TIONISM3  
  

',IF ! WORK+ CLASS AB/A9S FROM VOT+ ?IS TIME1 ELECTION VICTORY WILL GO TO ! FASCI/ RI<T4 ,%\LD !Y SUCCE$1 WE W\LD HAVE TO TAKE TO ! /REETS TO FI<T !M ) ALL AVAILABLE WEAPONRY4 

',%\LD ! WORK+ CLASS VOTE ?IS TIME1 & VOTE = ! LEFT1 ! RI<T1 BACK$ BY ! MILIT>Y1 WILL REVOLT BE=E SIX MON?S >E UP1 & WE W\LD HAVE TO TAKE TO ! /REETS TO FI<T !M ) WEAPONS4 

',SO WE DO NOT SAY TO Y\ ?AT Y\ %\LD ,N,O,T VOTE4 ,BUT NOR DO WE TELL Y\ ?AT Y\ %\LD VOTE4 ,LET EA* 9DIVIDUAL ACT AS HIS CONSCI5CE DICTATES4 ,BUT Y\ %\LD ALL BE READY = FI<T+ 9 ! /REETS1 NO MATT] :E!R IT IS ! RI<T :O W91 OR ! LEFT4'.<#a#h#e.>  
  

,TWO DAYS LAT] ,G>CIA ,VIVANCOS SET UP ! MEET+ BETWE5 ,COMPANYS'S 5VOYS ,TRABAL1 ,F>R]AS & ,SALVAT1 & ! AN>*I/S ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI & ,OLIV]4 ,A LETT] FROM ,COMPANYS WAS READ \T 9 :I* ! ,CATALAN NATIONALI/ DECL>$ HIS ADMIRATION = ! M5 ( ! ,C,N,T & HIS APOLOGIES = :AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d4 ,! PROBLEMS ?AT UNIT$ !M N[1 HE PO9T$ \T1 9CLUD$ ! ?\S&S ( POLITICAL PRISON]S ?R\<\T ,SPA94 ,IF ! RI<T1 UND] ,GIL ,ROBLES & HIS ,C,$,A ASSOCIATES WON ! ELECTIONS ! POLITICAL PRISON]S W\LD REMA9 9 JAIL = MANY YE>S4 ,IF1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! ,C,N,T WAS PREP>$ TO SUSP5D ITS ANTI-ELECTION PROPAG&A & 5C\RAGE ! ,SPANI% & ,CATALAN WORK]S TO VOTE = ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT'1 ! LEFT W\LD W9 & SECURE ! RELEASE ( ?OSE PRISON]S4 ,ASCASO1 ,DURRUTI & ,OLIV] W]E1 !RE=E URG$ TO USE !IR 9FLU5CE ) !IR COMRADES TO %IFT !IR ANTI-ELECTORAL POSITION4 

,OLIV] PUT ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE CASE1 PO9T+ \T ?AT ! UNION1 AL?\< IT HAD LOTS ( M5 AT ITS DISPOSAL1 LACK$ ! WEAPONS NECESS>Y = ! 9EVITABLE CONFRONTATION ) ! >MY IF ! LEFT WON ! ELECTIONS4 ,! ,C,N,T C\LD ONLY FACE ?AT RISK IF SUFFICI5T WEAPONS W]E DEPOSIT$ 9 ! AN>*I/ /RON<OLDS ( ,>AGON1 ,&ALUCIA & ! ,LEVANTE1 ! 'AN>*I/ TRIANGLE'1 EI!R IMM$IATELY OR1 AT ! LATE/1 )9 TWO MON?S ( A LEFTI/ ELECTORAL VICTORY4 

,COMPANYS'S REPLY CAME A =TNI<T LAT]4 ,HE >GU$ ?AT A MILIT>Y RIS+ WAS IMPROBABLE &1 !RE=E1 ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE DEM&S W]E EXCESSIVE & UNREASONABLE4 ,! RES\RCES ( A LEGITIMATE /ATE W\LD BE SUFFICI5T TO DET] ! RI<T4 ,! PROSPECTIVE ,CATALAN PREMI] DID1 H[EV]1 PROMISE TO PROVIDE ! AN>*I/ REVOLUTION>IES ) >MS ONCE VICTORY AT ! POLLS HAD BE5 ASSUR$4 ,HAV+ NO OPTION BUT TO MAKE DO ) ?IS SOME:AT AMBIVAL5T ASSURANCE1 ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO & ,OLIV] AGRE$ TO USE :AT 9FLU5CE !Y HAD TO PREV5T ! ,CONF$]ATION & ! ,F,A,I EMB>K+ ON AN ANTI-VOT+ CAMPAIGN 9 ! RUN-UP TO ! ,FEBRU>Y #aicf ELECTIONS4 

,L>GO ,CABALL]O1 ! ,P,S,O,E-,U,G,T LEAD]1 LIKE ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS & ! ,ESQU]RA POLITICIANS1 WAS EQUALLY S5SITIVE TO ! ELECTORAL IMPORTANCE ( ! #a1#f1 ,C,N,T MEMB]S4 ,! SUCCESSFUL ANTI-ELECTION CAMPAIGN RUN BY ! AN>*I/S 9 #aicc HAD HAD A DISA/R\S EFFECT ON HIS [N QUE/ = P[]4 ,SWALL[+ HIS HO/ILITY1 HE APPEAL$ TO ! ,C,N,T PUBLICLY TO SUPPORT ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' 9 ! =?COM+ ELECTIONS4 

,! ,C,N,T'S ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE 9 ,CATALONIA RESPOND$ QUICKLY4 ,IT CONV5$ A ,REGIONAL ,CONF]5CE ON #b#f--#b#i ,JANU>Y #aicf TO DISCUSS ! ISSUE ( SUPPORT+ ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' C&IDATES 9 ! =?COM+ ELECTIONS4 ,ANO!R IMPORTANT ITEM ON ! AG5DA WAS ! QUE/ION ( A =MAL REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE ) ! ,U,G,T4 ,! DISCUSSION REVEAL$ A HI< DEGREE ( CONFUSION & IDEOLOGICAL UNC]TA9TY AS TO :E!R ! ANTI-ELECTION /ANCE WAS A TACTICAL ISSUE OR A MATT] ( FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE4 ,! FACT ?AT ACTIVI/S ( SU* /&+ AS ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO & ,OLIV]1 AS WELL AS ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I1 W]E LOBBY+ EXT5SIVELY )9 ! MOVEM5T 9 SUPPORT ( TACTICAL VOT+ L5T CONSID]ABLE WEI<T TO ?AT POSITION4 .<#a#h#f.> 

,! SECRET>IAT ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/ 9T]NATIONAL1 ! ,A,I,T1 S5T A LETT] TO ! ,REGIONAL ,CONF]5CE W>N+ AGA9/ ! DANG]S ( EV5 TACTICAL P>TICIPATION 9 ! CAPITALI/ & /ATI/ ELECTORAL PROCESS3  
  

',! =?COM+ ELECTIONS S*$UL$ = ,FEBRU>Y HAVE PRODUC$ ! COLLECTIVE HALLUC9ATION ( AN AGE ( POSSIBLE SOCIAL A*IEVEM5T BE+ U%]$ 9 ?ANKS TO A VICTORY BY ! LEFT4 ,FROM MOD]ATE REPUBLICANS ?R\< TO ! COMMUNI/S1 ! SO-CALL$ ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,FRONT PROMISES TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ AL ! =CES ( REACTION4 

',9 V>I\S CONF$]AL BODIES 9 ,SPA9 ! ISSUE IS MOOT$ -- 0,IS IT PROP] TO VOTE8 ,%\LD WE VOTE OR NOT8 ,\<T ! CA/+ ( \R VOTES BE DEEM$ A FUNCTION ( \R IMMUTABLE PR9CIPLES1 OR %\LD IT BE CON/RU$ 9/EAD AS A M]E TACTIC ?AT MAY ALT] AS ! NE$S ( ! MOM5T ALT]8 ,IS !RE A DANG] 9 AB/A9+ 9 ?AT IT REPRES5TS A BOO/ TO ! RI<T80 ,ALL !SE QUE/IONS >E NOT HOTLY DEBAT$ 9 ! BOSOM ( \R ,SPANI% AFFILIATE4 ,SU* 9DECISIONS1 'CORRECT+ ( SI<TS'1 MU/ BE ATTRIBUT$ 5TIRELY TO ?IS COLLECTIVE PSY*OSIS :I* HAS ITS ORIG9S 9 ! P5D+ DANG]4 

',!RE >E BUT TWO ALT]NATIVES3 EI!R MANY ,SPANI% COMRADES1 P]SUAD$ ?AT ?IS TIME !IR AB/5TIONI/ PROPAG&A W\LD NOT BE AS EFFECTIVE AS IT WAS BACK 9 #a#i#c#c1 *OOSE TO KEEP TO IT BECAUSE IT RETA9S ALL ITS VALUES AS A DECL>ATION ( PR9CIPLES3 OR ?AT PROPAG&A WILL ONCE AGA9 LEAD TO A P>LIAM5T>Y & GOV]NM5TAL IMPASSE 9 ! C\NTRY1 9 :I* CASE ! ,C,N,T MU/ N[ TAKE ! NECESS>Y /EPS TO EXPLOIT ! SITUATION444 BY MEANS ( SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,= IT IS AN OP5 SECRET ?AT !RE IS ONLY ONE WAY \T ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ FASCISM2 ?AT IS1 ,REVOLUTION444'  
  

,AL?\< ! CONF]5CE (FICIALLY REAFFIRM$ ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN POSITION ( ! ,C,N,T1 ! ANTI-VOT+ CAMPAIGN IT ORGANIZ$ 9 ! RUN-UP TO ! ELECTIONS WAS HALF-HE>T$ TO SAY ! LEA/4 ,C,N,T HI/ORIAN ,JOSE ,PEIRATS DESCRIB$ IT AS 'SO P]FUNCTORY AS TO BE SC>CELY P]CEPTIBLE'4 ,A M9ORITY ( AN>*I/S DID AB/A91 BUT ! VA/ BULK ( ! ,C,N,T MEMB]S 7( :OM P]HAPS1 AT MO/1 HALF A MILLION MI<T HAVE DESCRIB$ !MSELVES AS AN>*I/S71 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,>AGON :]E VOT+ HAD BE5 RECOMM5D$1 & 9 ,CATALONIA1 IGNOR$ ! PA/ORAL LETT] ( ! ,A,I,T & VOT$ = PROGRESSIVE C&IDATES4 ,?US DID ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS PLAY AS DECISIVE A P>T 9 BR++ ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' ( #aicf TO P[] AS !Y HAD HAD 9 ! BIR? ( ! ,REPUBLIC 9 #aica & ! RI<TI/ VICTORY ( #a#i#c#c4 .<#a#h#g.> ,:E!R !Y VOT$ TO HA/5 ! REVOLUTION1 W]E PLAY+ = TIME OR W]E SWAY$ BY ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' BAIT ( TOTAL AMNE/Y = ! #a#e1 OR SO POLITICAL & SOCIAL PRISON]S 7MANY ( :OM W]E AN>*I/S & C5ETI/AS IMPRISON$ = !IR P>T 9 ! 9SURRECTIONS ( ,DECEMB] #aicc & ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d7 IS IMPOSSIBLE TO ASC]TA92 :AT IS C]TA9 IS ! CONF$]AL WORK]S DID NOT VOTE = ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' AS A SOLUTION TO !IR PROBLEMS4 

,IMM$IATELY AFT] ! ,C,N,T CONF]5CE1 A ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,PL5UM WAS HELD 9 ,MADRID ON #ca ,JANU>Y & #a ,FEBRU>Y4 ,! REPORTS FROM ! V>I\S REGIONAL F$]ATIONS & COMMITTEES W]E DISC\RAG+4 ,! NUMB] ( GR\PS AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,F,A,I HAD DROPP$ FROM ! ALL-TIME HI< 9 #aicc TO #d#f#i4 ,?IS DROP C\LD BE ATTRIBUT$ P>TLY TO ! REPRESSION ( ! PREVI\S TWO YE>S1 BUT IS ALSO REFLECT$ ! GR[+ UNEASE FELT AMONG AN>*I/S ) ! C5TRALIZ+ DIRECTION TAK5 BY ! ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( DE ,SANTILLAN'S ,N]VIO GR\P4 .<#a#h#h.> 

,WORRI$ BY ! DROP 9 NUMB] ( AFFILIAT$ GR\PS1 ! ,F,A,I ,PL5UM DECID$ TO M\NT A RECRUITM5T DRIVE 9 AN ATTEMPT TO D\BLE ! ORGANIZATION'S NUMB]S4 ,9 TWO YE>S ! ,F,A,I HAD LO/ #b1 9DIVIDUALS- FROM >\ND #e1#e 9 #aicc TO AN E/IMAT$ #c1#e 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,AN APPEAL WAS ISSU$ = ALL AN>*I/S TO JO9T ! ORGANIZATION4 ,IT ALSO AGRE$ TO C\NT] ! ',POPUL> ,FRONT' ALLIANCES BETWE5 ! B\RGEOISIE & WORK]S1 TO CONFRONT ! RIS+ FASCI/ DANG]1 & TO 9CREASE ! WORK ( ! ANTI-MILIT>I/ GR\PS 9 ! B>RACKS4 .<#a#h#i.> 

,ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT RESOLUTIONS PROPOS$ WAS ?AT ( ! ,B>CELONA ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ON 'REVOLUTION>Y PREP>$NESS' & ! COORD9ATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y DEF5SE =CES4 ,IT %[$ A CLE> AW>5ESS ( ! 9EVITABILITY ( ! MILIT>Y C\P & ! PROSPECTS ?IS OPPORTUNITY HELD \T = '5GAG+ 9 ULTIMATE BATTLE ) ! AG$ $IFICE ( CAPITALI/ MORALITY1 ECONOMICS & POLITICS4' ,!SE 'LOCAL REVOLUTION>Y PREP>$NESS COMMITTEES' W]E TO BE APPO9T$ BY ! LOCAL COMMITTEES & CONSI/ ( F\R MEMB]S1 TWO FROM ! ,CONF$]ATION & TWO FROM ! ,F,A,I1 EA* ) SPECIFIC TASKS3 ,TRANSPORT & ,COMMUNICATIONS2 ,TE*NICAL ,PREP>ATION = ,COMBAT2 ,9DU/RIAL ,ORGANIZATION2 & ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,DEPLOYM5T ( ! ,9SURRECTION>Y ,=CES4 

,!IR FUNCTION WAS TO ACT AS AN AN>*I/ G5]AL /AFF1 A =W>D-PLANN+ COMMITTEE ?AT W\LD PREP>E ! LOCAL DEF5SE COMMITTEES = ! REALITIES ( MOD]N COMBAT1 TO 'EXAM9E ! MEANS & ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE1 ! TACTICS TO BE DEPLOY$ & ! ORGANIZATION ( 9SURRECTION>Y ORGANIZATIONAL =CES4'.<#a#i.> ,BO? ! UNIONS & ! AN>*I/ GR\PS W]E TO F9ANCE ! WORK ( ! LOCAL PREP>$NESS COMMITTEES4 

,! ,>AGON1 ,RIOJA & ,NAV>RE DELEGATES OPPOS$ ! PROPOS$ REVOLUTION>Y PREP>$NESS COMMITTEES ON ! GR\NDS ?AT ?AT WAS A TASK BE/ LEFT TO ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES4 ,9 !IR VIEW1 ! ,F,A,I %\LD CONC5TRATE :OLLY ON IDEOLOGICAL PROPAG&A4 .<#a#i#a.> 

,O!R PLANS TO COPE ) W> OR A MILIT>Y RIS+ 9CLUD$ A NATIONAL SABOTAGE PLAN1 ! RELAUN*+ ( ! AN>*I/ PAP] = SOLDI]S ,SOLDADO DEL ,PUEBLO1 & ! SETT+ UP ( 9TELLIG5CE GA!R+ & REVOLUTION>Y CADRES 9SIDE ! B>RACKS4 

,ON ! QUE/ION ( ! =?COM+ ELECTIONS1 MO/ ,F,A,I DELEGATES REAFFIRM$ !IR CLASSICAL ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y /ANCE1 BUT ADD$ ?AT AL?\< ! #aicc ANTI-ELECTION CAMPAIGN WAS JU/IFI$ AT ! TIME IT WAS NOT APPROPRIATE TO REPEAT ! EX]CISE4 ,! RESOLUTION ?AT WAS F9ALLY APPROV$ WAS NOTICEABLY SIL5T ON ! QUE/ION ( AN ANTI-ELECTION CAMPAIGN3 ',WE REAFFIRM \R ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y & \R ANTI-ELECTORAL POSITION4 ,WORLD EV5TS1 BE>+ \T \R PR$ICTIONS1 HAVE ELOQU5TLY DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ALL DEMOCRATIC EXP]I5CES HAVE F\ND]$ & ?AT ONLY DIRECT 9T]V5TION BY ! WORK]S1 9 ! PROBLEMS ) :I* ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM CONFRONTS !M1 HAS ANY (F5SIVE OR DEF5SIVE VALUE AGA9/ ! REACTION4 ,! ,F,A,I1 !RE=E1 HAS NO?+ TO AM5D 9 ITS COMPLETE AB/5TION FROM ALL DIRECT & 9DIRECT COLLABORATION ) ANY ,/ATE POLITICK+4' 

,9T]E/+LY1 T[>DS ! 5D ( ! ,PL5UM1 ! DELEGATE FROM ! ,LEVANTE REF]R$ TO AN >TICLE 9 ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD ?AT HAD SUGGE/$ ?AT GO+ TO ! POLLS WAS A TACTICAL ISSUE & NOT A MATT] ( PR9CIPLE4 ,! $ITORIAL BO>D ( ! AN>*I/ PAP] EXPLA9$ ?AT IT WAS TRY+ TO CL>IFY :AT %\LD BE REG>D$ AS PR9CIPLE & :AT %\LD BE UND]/OOD AS TACTICAL3 ',! REVOLUTION ITSELF IS A QUE/ION ( TACTICS1 ME?OD1 PROC$URES4 ,PR9CIPLES1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E ! FUNDAM5TAL AIMS = :I* IT /RIVES3 H[ !SE >E TO BE A*IEV$ & 5COMPASS$ IS A MATT] ( TACTICS4'.<#a#i#b.> 

,! LEFT W]E ! UNDISPUT$ VICTORS 9 ! ELECTIONS4 ,A ',POPUL> ,FRONT' GOV]NM5T ( #bfc LEFTI/ DEPUTIES L$ BY ,MANUEL ,AZANA TOOK (FICE4 ,! C5T]1 ) #eb DEPUTIES1 & ! RI<T1 ) #a#b#i1 W]E P[]LESS AGA9/ SU* AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY4 ,! TRA9 ( EV5TS ?AT WAS TO LEAD 9EXORABLY TO A MILIT>Y UPRIS+ WAS GA!R+ MOM5TUM4 

,TWO DAYS BE=E ! ELECTION ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T ISSU$ A /ATEM5T TO ITS MEMB]S AS TO :AT IT SAW AS ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES ( A LEFTI/ VICTORY 9 ! ELECTIONS4 ,IT WAS ALSO A CLE> DECL>ATION ( 9T5T TO ! ,REPUBLICAN B\RGEOISIE AS WELL AS TO ! MILIT>Y PLOTT]S & ! L&$ OLIG>*S :OSE 9T]E/S !Y S]VE ?AT ! MO/ P[]FUL LABOR UNION 9 ,SPA9 W\LD RESPOND TO A MILIT>Y REVOLT ) ! ULTIMATE EXPRESSION ( WORK+-CLASS P[] -- SOCIAL REVOLUTION3  
  

',ON A W> FOOT+1 PROLET>IAT1 AGA9/ ! MON>*I/ & FASCI/ CONSPIRACY6 ,DAY BY DAY ! SUSPICION IS GR[+ ?AT RI<TI/ ELEM5TS >E READY TO PROVOKE 9T]V5TION BY ! MILIT>Y444 ,9SURRECTION HAS BE5 DEF]R$1 P5D+ ! \TCOME ( ! ELECTIONS4 ,!Y >E TO IMPLEM5T !IR !ORETICAL S*EME ( PREV5TION %\LD VICTORY AT ! POLLS GO TO ! LEFT4 ,FUR!RMORE1 WE HAVE NO HESITATION 9 RECOMM5D+ ?AT1 :]ESOEV] ! LEGIONNAIRES ( TYRANNY MAY LAUN* >M$ 9SURRECTION1 AN UND]/&+ BE UNHESITAT+LY REA*$ ) ANTI-FASCI/ GR\PS1 VIGOR\S PRECAUTIONS BE+ TAK5 TO 5SURE ?AT ! DEF5SIVE CONTRIBUTION ( ! MASSES MAY LEAD TO REAL SOCIAL REVOLUTION UND] ! AUSPICES ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM4 ,%\LD ! CONSPIRATORS OP5 FIRE1 ! ACT ( OPPOSITION MU/ BE PURSU$ TO ITS UTMO/ CONSEQU5CES )\T ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE & ITS ,M>XI/ ALLIES BE+ C\NT5ANC$ 9 !IR DESIRE TO APPLY ! BRAKES1 9 ! EV5T ( ! FASCI/ REBELLION'S BE+ DEFEAT$ 9 ITS FIR/ /AGES4449 ! C\RSE ( ! PEOPLE'S VICTORY ITS DEMOCRATIC ILLUSIONS W\LD BE DISPELL$2 %\LD IT GO O!RWISE1 ! NI<TM>E ( DICTATOR%IP WILL ANNIHILATE US4 ,NO MATT] :O OP5S ! HO/ILITIES S]I\SLY1 DEMOCRACY WILL P]I% BETWE5 TWO FIRES BECAUSE IT IS IRRELEVANT & HAS NO PLACE ON ! FIELD ( BATTLE4 ,EI!R FASCISM OR SOCIAL REVOLUTION444 ,BEG9N+ RI<T N[ & = ! P]IOD REMA9+ UNTIL ! REOP5+ ( ,P>LIAM5T -- IF ! S\RCES ( DANG] NOT$ BY US %\LD P]SI/ -- MILITANTS \<T TO CONTRIVE FREQU5T COM+S TOGE!R 9 EA* LOCALITY BY MEANS ( ! USUAL ORGANS ( LIAISON1 & KEEP 9 T\* ) ! CONF$]AL COMMITTEES SO ?AT ! LATT] MAY KEEP !M AU FAIT ) ! C\RSE ( EV5TS & UND]TAKE COORD9AT$ ACTIVITY4 ,ALBEIT 9 AN IRREGUL> FA%ION1 A WILL TO FI<T MU/ BE DISPLAY$4 ,ANY?+ IS BETT] ?AN \R REMA9+ ON ! F5CE & BE+ EXT]M9AT$ BY ! D>K HORDES ?R\< \R 9CR$ULITY1 :ILE ! O!RS >E LOAD$ ) *A9S 444'.<#a#i#c.>  
  

,! BACKS ( ! DEFEAT$ RI<T W]E N[ AGA9/ ! WALL4 ,LIKE !IR SOCIALI/ PR$ECESSORS 9 #aicd !Y1 TOO1 HAD REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ! DECISIONS ( ! ELECTORATE4 ,PRESID5T ,ZAMORA WAS APPROA*$ TO H& OV] P[] TO ,G5]AL ,FRANCO4 ,CLE>LY1 ! SOCIALLY CONS]VATIVE1 CORPORATE /ATE W\LD NOT BE 9TRODUC$ LEGALLY4 ,= ,GIL ,ROBLES & ! CLASSES HE REPRES5T$1 ! DIE HAD BE5 CA/4 ,AS ,PAUL ,PRE/ON NOTES3  
  

',DECEMB] #aice & ,FEBRU>Y #aicf REVEAL$ ?AT ! 5D WAS MORE IMPORTANT ?AN ! MEANS4 ,ONCE CONV9C$ ?AT ! LEGAL ROAD TO CORPORATIVISM WAS BLOCK$1 HE DID EV]Y?+ POSSIBLE TO HELP ?OSE :O W]E COMMITT$ TO VIOL5CE4 ,HE HAD ALREADY MADE TWO CRUCIAL CONTRIBUTIONS TO ! SUCCESS ( ! #aicf RIS+4 ,! FIR/1 ( :I* HE WAS LAT] TO BOA/1 WAS ! CREATION ( MASS RI<T-W+ MILITANCY4 ,! O!R WAS ! UND]M9+ ( SOCIALI/ FAI? 9 ! POSSIBILITIES ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4'.<#a#i#d.>  
  

,F\R DAYS AFT] ! ELECTIONS1 ON #b ,FEBRU>Y1 ! RI<TI/S MET TO BEG9 F9ALIZ+ !IR CONSPIRATORIAL PLANS4 ,!Y AGRE$ TO EMB>K ON A /RATEGY ( T5SION ?AT W\LD CULM9ATE 9 A MILIT>Y UPRIS+ & ! OV]?R[ ( ! B\RGEOIS LIB]AL REGIME4 

,FROM ,FEBRU>Y1 EV5TS RUMBL$ T[>DS !IR CLIMAX ON #ai ,JULY4 ,UNEMPLOYM5T CONT9U$ TO RISE & ! AGR>IAN RE=MS W]E DELIB]ATELY IGNOR$ BY ! L&$ OLIG>*Y4 ,FROM #b ,FEBRU>Y UNTIL #ai ,JULY IT WAS A P]IOD ( LAT5T CIVIL W> ?R\<\T MU* ( ! C\NTRY2 !RE W]E AN E/IMAT$ #aac G5]AL /RIKES & #bbh P>TIAL /OPPAGES2 #a1#b#h#g PEOPLE W]E W\ND$ 9 CLA%ES ) ! SECURITY =CES OR POLITICAL CONFRONTATIONS1 & #bfi PEOPLE KILL$4 ,!RE W]E #bac RECORD$ ASSASS9ATIONS1 OR ATTEMPT$ ASSASS9ATIONS1 ! MAJORITY ( !M C>RI$ \T BY GUNM5 ( ! ,FALANGE ,ESPANOLA1 ! ,SPANI% FASCI/ ORGANIZATION CALL$ 9TO BE+ BY A DESP]ATE & CORN]$ AGR>IAN CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,9 ! T[N ( ,YE/E1 9 ,ALBACETE1 = EXAMPLE1 #ag PEASANTS W]E KILL$ & A SIMIL> NUMB] W\ND$ DEF5D+ !IR L& AGA9/ ! ,CIVIL ,GU>D :O HAD BE5 ORD]$ TO CLE> IT = ! BUILD+ ( A RES]VOIR4 ,L& SEIZURES BY L&LESS PEASANTS ALSO 9CREAS$4 ,9 ,MADRID !RE WAS A MAJOR /RIKE ( BUILD+ WORK]S ORGANIZ$ BY ! ,C,N,T & SUPPORT$ BY ! ,U,G,T4 ,?IS /RIKE1 :I* BEGAN ) #d1 WORK]S & SOON ROSE TO OV] #a11 GAVE AN 5ORM\S BOO/ TO ! ,C,N,T UNIONS 9 ,MADRID1 AT ! EXP5SE ( ! ,U,G,T4 

,AGA9/ ?IS T5SE BACKGR\ND ! ,FIF? ,EXTRAORD9>Y ,CONGRESS ( ! ,C,N,T WAS HELD 9 ,Z>AGOZA ON #a ,MAY #a#i#c#f4 ,IT WAS TO BE ! LA/ REGUL> ,C,N,T ,CONGRESS TO MEET ON ,SPANI% SOIL UNTIL #a#i#g#g4 ,ATT5D+ W]E #fdi DELEGATES REPRES5T+ #ihb UNIONS ) A COMB9$ MEMB]%IP ( #e#e1#e#i#e1 9CLUD+ ! OPPOSITION TRE9TI/A UNIONS :O HAD BE5 9VIT$ ALONG 9 AN ATTEMPT TO RESOLVE ! DIFF]5CES )9 ! ,CONF$]ATION4 ,!RE HAD BE5 A CONSID]ABLE DROP 9 MEMB]%IP1 P>TICUL>LY 9 ,CATALONIA :]E MEMB]%IP HAD BE5 FALL+ /EADILY S9CE ITS ALL-TIME HI< ( #c#b#a1#c#i#d 9 ,AUGU/ #a#i#c#a4 ,! ,&ALUCIAN ,REGIONAL WAS ! MAJORITY DELEGATION REPRES5T+ #a#e#f1 WORK]S4 ,CLOSE BEH9D !M CAME ! ,CATALANS 7#a#d171 AFT] :I* CAME ! ,LEVANTE 7#e11 ,C5T] 7#c#i171 ,>AGON 7#c#e171 ,GALICIA 7#b#c171 & ,A/URIAS 7#b#b1#g#c#a74 

,ITEMS ON ! ,AG5DA 9CLUD$ AGR>IAN RE=M1 AN 9QUE/ ON ! REVOLUTION>Y RIS+S ( #aicc & ! ,OCTOB] REVOLT ( #a#i#c#d1 ! QUE/ION ( A POSSIBLE REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCE ) ! SOCIALI/ ,U,G,T UNION1 & ! DRAW+ UP ( A ?OR\< & CLE> /ATEM5T ( ! PR9CIPLES & AIMS ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AS ! OBJECTIVE ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 SPEAK+ AS A DELEGATE FROM ! ,B>CELONA ,WEAV+ & ,TEXTILE ,UNION1 GAVE HIS VIEW ( ! CONTROV]SIAL ISSUES ON ! ,AG5DA1 ONE ?AT PRESUMABLY REFLECT$ ! VIEW ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P & ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T AS WELL AS HIS [N UNION BRAN*3  
  

',YE/]DAY WE /AT$ ?AT ! REVOLUTION WAS FEASIBLE & WE SET \T ! REASONS MAK+ \R VICTORY1 ! VICTORY ( ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM1 A POSSIBILITY4 ,N[ AGA9 WE SAY1 AS WE DID 9 #a#i#c#a1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION CAN BE MADE4 ,BUT 9 ?OSE DAYS ! ,C,N,T WAS ! ONLY =CE4 ,!N !RE W]E SUP]IOR CIRCUM/ANCES ( A REVOLUTION>Y NATURE ?AT HAVE NOT RECURR$ S9CE4 ,TODAY !RE IS A /RONG /ATE1 DISCIPL9$ TROOPS1 AN >ROGANT B\RGEOISIE1 ETC4 ,& AL?\< REVOLUTION IS POSSIBLE1 & WE >E CONFID5T ( IT1 IT IS NO LONG] ! SAME AS 9 ! DAYS ( #a#i#c#a444 ,TODAY ! REVOLUTION IS %>$ ) O!R =CES & AT ?IS V]Y ,CONGRESS WE MU/ EXAM9E ! POSSIBILITY ( JO9T ACTION ) ! ,U,G,T4'  
  

,HE !N MOV$ ON TO DISCUSS ! ALLEG$ 9FLU5CE ( ! ,F,A,I ON ! ,C,N,T3  
  

',ANO!R ISSU$ RAIS$1 ?\< IT TOO CANNOT FURNI% ANY REASON .<= A SPLIT.> IS ! QUE/ION ( ! TRABAZON .<! SPECIAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I 9 MATT]S RELAT+ TO DEF5SE & SOLID>ITY.>4 ,MANY )9 ! ,C,N,T %>E ! ?9K+ ( ! ,OPPOSITION UNIONS ON ?IS PO9T -- BUT !Y DO NOT BREAK AWAY FROM ! ,C,N,T ON ACC\NT ( IT4 ,! UNION ,I MYSELF REPRES5T WILL BE PROPOS+ A NEW SY/EM ( /RUCTUR+ ! PRISON]S' AID COMMITTEES BY UNION4 ,! ,C,N,T HAS NOT PLAY$ SECOND FIDDLE TO ! ,F,A,I4 ,QUITE ! CONTR>Y4 ,! AN>*I/ GR\PS HAVE S]V$ ! ,C,N,T AS ! 9/RUM5TS ( ITS /RUGGLE4 ,BUT !RE HAS BE5 NO 9T]F]5CE4 ,CAN ONE MAKE AN ISSUE \T ( ! FACT :5 TODAY :AT IS BE+ ADVOCAT$ IS ALLIANCE ) ! SOCIALI/S :O1 :5 ALL IS SAID & DONE1 /& = A QUITE DIFF]5T WAY ( ?9K+8 ,IT IS A QUE/ION ( 9T]PRETATION ( DOCTR9ES1 A QUE/ION ( MAJORITIES & M9ORITIES444 

',I SAID E>LI]1 ?AT DUR+ ! SQUABBLE BETWE5 ! ,OPPOSITION & ! ,C,N,T WE US$ ALL SORTS ( WEAPONS TO SECURE VICTORY4 ,BUT ONLY 9 AN 9DIVIDUAL CAPACITY4 ,COLLECTIVELY WE W]E DEFEAT$4 ,:5 WE S\<T TO FOI/ DIRECTORS :OM WE PREF]R$ UPON ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 WE PICK$ UP ONLY A H&FUL ( VOTES4 ,BUT WE DID NOT ANN\NCE ANY SPLIT4 ,WE W5T ON FI<T+1 ZEAL\SLY4 ,& WE W5T TO ! #aica ,CONGRESS4 ,!RE1 TOO1 WE W]E DEFEAT$1 BUT WE W]E NOT WIP$ \T 9 T]MS ( ! VOTES3 BY !N WE HAD SUPPORT4 ,WE W5T LAT] TO ! ,CALLE DE ,CABANAS ,PL5UM & ?IS TIME WE WON & )9 F\R DAYS ! TRE9TI/A MANIFE/O HAD APPE>$4 

',COMRADES1 M9ORITIES ALWAYS W9 ?R\< :5 !Y HAVE RI<T ON !IR SIDE4 ,LET EV]YONE LE>N FROM US4 ,LET EV]YBODY /RIVE TO W9 OV] ! MAJORITY AS WE DO /RIVE4 ,ANYONE :O HAS RI<T ON HIS SIDE YET DOES NOT W9 ?R\<444 IT IS BECAUSE HE LACKS 5]GY4 ,/RUGGLE W9S1 BUT LET ! AGREEM5TS WORK$ \T AT ! ORGANIZATION'S GA!R+S BE RESPECT$ BY ONE & ALL4 ,LET OBS]VANCE ( !M BE ! NORM4 ,BUT LET US ALL REMA9 )9 ! ,CONF$]ATION4'.<#a#i#e.>  
  

,RE=MI/S & 'PLANN]S' ALIKE SAW ! RESOLUTIONS AGRE$ BY ! ,Z>AGOZA ,CONGRESS AS A VICTORY = ! REVOLUTION>Y W+ ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,CES> ,M4 ,LOR5ZO DESCRIB$ IT AS '! TOTAL TRIUMPH ( ! ,F,A,I'4 ,HORACIO ,PRIETO 7,LOR5ZO'S FA!R71 A ONE-TIME 'PURE' AN>*I/ :O HAD TURN$ COMPLETELY AB\T TO BECOME ONE ( ! MO/ \T/&+ REPRES5TATIVES ( CONF$]AL RE=MISM1 WAS VIRUL5TLY OPPOS$ TO :AT HE DESCRIB$ AS ! 'ULTRAS' ( BO? W+S4 ,PIQU$ BY ,CONGRESS'S ADOPTION ( ! ,PU5TE-9SPIR$ RESOLUTION ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM AGA9/ HIS RECOMM5DATIONS1 A RESOLUTION :I* HE DESCRIB$ AS ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 5VELOP+ ITSELF 9 'A UNIV]SE ( DREAMS'1 ?IS 'ULTRA' ( ! MY?IC C5T] 7ALSO1 9CID5TALLY1 A ,F,A,I AFFILIATE7 RESIGN$ AS NATIONAL SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,N,T4 .<#a#i#f.> ,F,A,I ,P59SUL> ,SECRET>Y DE ,SANTILLAN1 FRU/RAT$ P]HAPS AT ,CONGRESS PASS+ OV] HIS [N M9UTELY DETAIL$ ECONOMIC PLAN1 DESCRIB$ ! RESOLUTION AS BE+ '9SUFFICI5T = A MOD]N ECONOMIC /ATE'4 .<#a#i#g.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #d1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,*APT] #ba -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/