,! ,TWO ,OCTOB]S 

#aibg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,>%9OV 

,TAGS 3 ORGANS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SELF-MANAGEM5T1 OCTOB] ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 SOCIAL *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION1 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC SELF-MANAGEM5T1 REVOLUTION ( ! WORK]S1 *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION1 SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES1 OCTOB] ( ! BOL%EVIKS1 P[] ( ! SOVIETS1 WORK]S & PEASANTS4 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY /EVE BOR[SKI1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,! VICTORI\S REVOLUTION ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS 9 #aiag WAS 
LEGALLY E/ABLI%$ 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK CAL5D> AS ! ,OCTOB] 
,REVOLUTION4 ,!RE IS SANE TRU? 9 ?IS1 BUT IT IS NOT 5TIRELY 
EXACT4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #aiag ! WORK]S & PEASANTS ( ,RUSSIA SURM\NT$ 
A COLOSSAL OB/ACLE TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( !IR ,REVOLUTION4 ,!Y 
ABOLI%$ ! NOM9AL P[] ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS1 BUT EV5 BE=E 
?AT !Y A*IEV$ SOME?+ ( EQUAL REVOLUTION>Y IMPORTANCE & 
P]HAPS EV5 MORE FUNDAM5TAL4 ,BY TAK+ ! ECONOMIC P[] FROM ! 
CAPITALI/ CLASS1 & ! L& FROM ! L>GE [N]S 9 ! 
C\NTRYSIDE1 !Y A*IEV$ ! RI<T TO FREE & UNCONTROLL$ WORK 9 
! T[NS1 IF NOT ! TOTAL CONTROL ( ! FACTORIES4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 
IT WAS WELL BE=E ,OCTOB] ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S DE/ROY$ 
! BASE ( CAPITALISM4 ,ALL ?AT WAS LEFT WAS ! SUP]/RUCTURE4 ,IF 
!RE HAD NOT BE5 ?IS G5]AL EXPROPRIATION ( ! CAPITALI/S BY 
! WORK]S1 ! DE/RUCTION ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE MA*9E - ! 
POLITICAL REVOLUTION - W\LD NOT HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 ANY WAY4 ,! 
RESI/ANCE ( ! [N]S W\LD HAVE BE5 MU* /RONG]4 ,ON ! O!R 
H&1 ! OBJECTIVES ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION 9 ,OCTOB] W]E NOT 
LIMIT$ TO ! OV]?R[ ( CAPITALI/ P[]4 ,A LONG P]IOD ( 
PRACTICAL DEVELOPM5T 9 SOCIAL SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS BE=E ! 
WORK]S1 BUT IT WAS TO FAIL 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>S4 

,!RE=E1 9 CONSID]+ ! EVOLUTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN SOCIALI/ 
,REVOLUTION AS A :OLE1 ,OCTOB] APPE>S ONLY AS A /AGE - A P[]FUL 
& DECISIVE /AGE1 IT IS TRUE4 ,?AT IS :Y ,OCTOB] DOES NOT BY 
ITSELF REPRES5T ! :OLE SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,9 ?9K+ ( ! 
VICTORI\S ,OCTOB] DAYS1 ONE MU/ CONSID] ?AT HI/ORICAL 
CIRCUM/ANCE AS DET]M9$ BY ! ,RUSSIAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 

,ANO!R NO LESS IMPORTANT PECULI>ITY IS ?AT ,OCTOB] HAS TWO 
MEAN+S - ?AT :I* ! WORK+' MASSES :O P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! 
SOCIAL REVOLUTION GAVE IT1 & ) !M ! ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/S1 
& ?AT :I* WAS GIV5 IT BY ! POLITICAL P>TY ?AT CAPTUR$ 
P[] FROM ?IS ASPIRATION TO SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & :I* BETRAY$ 
& /IFL$ ALL FUR!R DEVELOPM5T4 ,AN 5ORM\S GULF EXI/S BETWE5 
!SE TWO 9T]PRETATIONS ( ,OCTOB]4 ,! ,OCTOB] ( ! WORK]S & 
PEASANTS IS ! SUPPRESSION ( ! P[] ( ! P>ASITE CLASSES 9 
! NAME ( EQUALITY & SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK ,OCTOB] IS 
! CONQUE/ ( P[] BY ! P>TY ( ! REVOLUTION>Y 
9TELLIG5TSIA1 ! 9/ALLATION ( ITS ',/ATE ,SOCIALISM' & ( ITS 
'SOCIALI/' ME?ODS ( GOV]N+ ! MASSES4 

,! WORK]S ,OCTOB] 

,! ,FEBRU>Y ,REVOLUTION CAU<T ! DIFF]5T REVOLUTION>Y P>TIES 
9 COMPLETE DIS>RAY & )\T ANY D\BT !Y W]E CONSID]ABLY 
SURPRIS$ BY ! PR(\ND SOCIAL *>ACT] ( ! DAWN+ REVOLUTION4 
,AT FIR/1 NO ONE EXCEPT ! AN>*I/S WANT$ TO BELIEVE IT4 ,! 
,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 :I* MADE \T IT ALWAYS EXPRESS$ ! MO/ RADICAL 
ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK+-CLASS1 C\LD NOT GO BEYOND ! LIMITS ( 
! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION 9 ITS AIMS4 ,IT WAS ONLY AT ! ,APRIL 
CONF]5CE ?AT !Y ASK$ !MSELVES :AT WAS REALLY HAPP5+ 9 
,RUSSIA4 ,WAS IT ONLY ! OV]?R[ ( ,CZ>ISM4 OR WAS ! REVOLUTION 
GO+ FUR!R - AS F> AS !4 OV]?R[ ( CAPITALISM8 ,?IS LA/ 
EV5TUALLY POS$ TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS ! QUE/ION ( :AT TACTICS TO 
EMPLOY4 ,L59 BECAME CONSCI\S BE=E ! O!R ,BOL%EVIKS ( ! 
SOCIAL *>ACT] ( ! REVOLUTION1 & EMPHASIZ$ ! NECESSITY ( 
SEIZ+ P[]4 ,HE SAW A DECISIVE ADVANCE 9 ! WORK]S' & 
PEASANTS' MOVEM5T :I* WAS UND]M9+ ! 9DU/RIAL & RURAL 
B\RGEOISIE F\NDATIONS MORE & MORE4 ,A UNANIM\S AGREEM5T ON !SE 
QUE/IONS C\LD NOT BE REA*$ EV5 UP TO ! ,OCTOB] DAYS4 ,! ,P>TY 
MANEUV]$ ALL ?IS TIME 9 BETWE5 ! SOCIAL SLOGANS ( ! MASSES 
& ! CONCEPTION ( A SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC REVOLUTION1 FROM :]E !Y 
W]E CREAT$ & DEVELOP$4 ,NOT OPPOS+ ! SLOGAN ( PETIT- & 
GR&-B\RGEOISIE = A ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ! ,P>TY DID ITS BE/ 
TO CONTROL ! MASSES1 /RIV+ TO KEEP UP ) !IR EV]-9CREAS+ 
PACE4 

,DUR+ ?IS TIME1 ! WORK]S M>*$ IMPETU\SLY =W>D1 
REL5TLESSLY RUNN+ !IR 5EMIES ( LEFT & RI<T 9TO ! GR\ND4 
,! BIG RURAL L&[N]S BEGAN EV]Y:]E TO EVACUATE ! 
C\NTRYSIDE1 FLEE+ FROM ! 9SURG5T PEASANTRY & SEEK+ 
PROTECTION = !IR POSSESSIONS & !IR P]SONS 9 ! T[NS4 
,MEAN:ILE1 ! PEASANTRY PROCE$$ TO A DIRECT RE-DI/RIBUTION ( 
L&1 & DID NOT WANT TO HE> ( PEACEFUL CO-EXI/5CE ) ! 
L&LORDS4 ,9 ! T[NS AS WELL A SUDD5 *ANGE TOOK PLACE BETWE5 
! WORK]S & ! [N]S ( 5T]PRISES4 ,?ANKS TO ! EF=TS ( 
! COLLECTIVE G5IUS ( ! MASSES1 WORK]S' COMMITTEES SPRANG UP 9 
EV]Y 9DU/RY1 9T]V5+ DIRECTLY 9 PRODUCTION1 PUTT+ ASIDE ! 
ADMONI%M5TS ( ! [N]S & CONC5TRAT+ ON ELIM9AT+ !M 
FROM PRODUCTION4 ,?US 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ! C\NTRY1 ! WORK]S 
GOT D[N TO ! SOCIALIZATION ( 9DU/RY4 

,SIMULTANE\SLY1 ALL ( REVOLUTION>Y ,RUSSIA WAS COV]$ ) A 
VA/ NETWORK ( WORK]S' & PEASANT SOVIETS1 :I* BEGAN TO FUNCTION 
AS ORGANS ( SELF MANAGEM5T4 ,!Y DEVELOP$1 PROLONG$1 & DEF5D$ 
! ,REVOLUTION4 ,CAPITALI/ RULE & ORD] /ILL EXI/$ NOM9ALLY 9 
! C\NTRY1 BUT A VA/ SY/EM ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC WORK]S' 
SELF-MANAGEM5T WAS BE+ CREAT$ ALONGSIDE IT4 ,?IS REGIME ( 
SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES1 BY ! V]Y FACT ( ITS APPE>ANCE1 
M5AC$ ! /ATE SY/EM ) DEA? 4 ,IT MU/ BE MADE CLE> ?AT ! 
BIR? & DEVELOPM5T ( ! SOVIETS & FACTORY COMMITTEES HAD 
NO?+ DO ) AU?ORIT>IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y W]E 
9 ! FULL S5SE ( ! T]M ORGANS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 
SELF-MANAGEM5T ( ! MASSES1 & 9 NO CASE ! ORGANS ( /ATE 
P[]4 ,!Y W]E OPPOS$ TO ! /ATE MA*9E :I* S\<T TO DIRECT 
! MASSES1 & !Y PREP>$ = A DECISIVE BATTLE AGA9/ IT4 0,! 
FACTORIES TO ! WORK]S1 ! L& TO ! PEASANTS0 - !SE W]E ! 
SLOGANS BY :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y MASSES ( T[N & C\NTRY 
P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! DEFEAT ( ! ,/ATE MA*9E ( ! POSSESS+ 
CLASSES 9 ! NAME ( A NEW SOCIAL SY/EM :I* WAS F\ND$ ON ! 
BASIC CELLS ( ! FACTORY COMMITTEES & ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 
SOVIETS4 ,!SE CAT*-WORDS CIRCULAT$ FROM ONE 5D ( WORK]S' ,RUSSIA 
TO ! O!R1 DEEPLY AFFECT+ ! DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ! 
SOCIALI/-B\RGEOIS COALITION GOV]NM5T4 

,AS WAS EXPLA9$ ABOVE1 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS HAD ALREADY 
WORK$ T[>DS ! 5TIRE RECON/RUCTION ( ! 9DU/RIAL & 
AGR>IAN SY/EM ( ,RUSSIA BE=E ,OCTOB] #a#i#a#g4 ,! AGR>IAN QUE/ION 
WAS VIRTUALLY SOLV$ BY ! POOR PEASANTS AS E>LY AS ,JUNE - 
,SEPTEMB] #a#i#a#g4 ,! URBAN WORK]S1 = !IR P>T1 PUT 9TO OP]ATION 
ORGANS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC ,SELF-MANAGEM5T1 HAV+ SEIZ$ FROM ! 
,/ATE & ! [N]S ! ORGANIZATIONAL FUNCTIONS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! 
,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ( ! WORK]S OV]?REW ! LA/ & ! GREATE/ 
OB/ACLE TO !IR REVOLUTION ! /ATE P[] ( ! [N+ CLASSES1 
ALREADY DEFEAT$ & DISORGANIZ$4 ,?IS LA/ EVOLUTION OP5$ A VA/ 
HORIZON = ! A*IEVEM5T ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION PUTT+ IT ONTO 
! CREATIVE ROAD TO SOCIALI/ RECON/RUCTION ( SOCIETY1 ALREADY 
PO9T$ AT BY ! WORK]S 9 ! PREC$+ MON?S4 ,?AT IS ! 
,OCTOB] ( ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS4 ,IT MEANT A P[]FUL ATTEMPT 
BY ! EXPLOIT$ MANUAL WORK]S TO DE/ROY TOTALLY ! F\NDATIONS ( 
CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & TO BUILD A WORK]S' SOCIETY BAS$ ON ! 
PR9CIPLES ( EQUALITY1 9DEP5D5CE1 & SELF-MANAGEM5T BY ! 
PROLET>IAT ( ! T[NS & ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,?IS ,OCTOB] DID NOT 
REA* ITS NATURAL CONCLUSION4 ,IT WAS VIOL5TLY 9T]RUPT$ BY ! 
,OCTOB] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 :O PROGRESSIVELY EXT5D$ !IR 
DICTATOR%IP ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 

,! ,BOL%EVIK ,OCTOB] 

,ALL ! /ATI/ P>TIES1 9CLUD+ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 LIMIT$ ! 
B\ND>IES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION TO ! 9/ALLATION ( A 
SOCIAL-DEMOCRATIC REGIME4 ,IT WAS ONLY :5 ! WORK]S & PEASANTS 
( ALL ,RUSSIA BEGAN TO %AKE ! AGR>O-B\RGEOIS ORD]1 :5 ! 
SOCIAL REVOLUTION WAS PROV$ TO BE AN IRREV]SIBLE HI/ORICAL FACT1 
?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS BEGAN DISCUSS+ ! SOCIAL *>ACT] ( ! 
,REVOLUTION1 & ! CONSEQU5T NECESSITY ( MODIFY+ ITS TACTICS4 
,!RE WAS NO UNANIMITY 9 ! ,P>TY ON QUE/IONS ( ! *>ACT] & 
ORI5TATION ( ! EV5TS :I* HAD TAK5 PLACE1 EV5 UP TO ,OCTOB]4 
,FUR!RMORE1 ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION AS WELL AS ! EV5TS :I* 
FOLL[$ DEVELOP$ :ILE ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,P>TY WAS 
DIVID$ 9TO TWO T5D5CIES4 ,:IL/ A P>T ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE1 
,L59 AT ITS HEAD1 =ESAW ! 9EVITABLE SOCIAL REVOLUTION & 
PROPOS$ PREP>ATION = ! SEIZURE ( P[]1 ! O!R T5D5CY1 
L$ BY ,Z9OVIEV & ,KAM5EV1 D5\NC$ AS ADV5TURI/ ! ATTEMPT AT 
SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 & W5T NO FUR!R ?AN CALL+ = A ,CON/ITU5T 
,ASSEMBLY 9 :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS OCCUPI$ ! SEATS FUR!/ TO ! 
,LEFT4 ,L59'S PO9T ( VIEW PREVAIL$1 & ! ,P>TY BEGAN TO 
MOBILIZE ITS =CES 9 CASE ( A DECISIVE /RUGGLE BY ! MASSES 
AGA9/ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T4 

,! P>TY ?REW ITSELF 9TO 9FILTRAT+ ! FACTORY COMMITTEES 
& ! SOVIETS ( WORK]S' DEPUTIES1 DO+ ITS BE/ TO OBTA9 9 
!SE ORGANS ( SELF-MANAGEM5T ! MO/ M&ATES POSSIBLE 9 ORD] 
TO CONTROL !IR ACTIONS4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ! ,BOL%EVIK CONCEPTION (1 
& APPROA* TO1 ! SOVIETS & ! FACTORY COMMITTEES WAS 
FUNDAM5TALLY DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( ! MASSES4 ,:ILE ! MASS ( 
WORK]S CONSID]$ !M TO BE ! ORGANS ( SOCIAL & ECONOMIC 
SELF-MANAGEM5T1 ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY LOOK$ ON !M AS A MEANS BY 
:I* IT WAS POSSIBLE TO SNAT* ! P[] ( ! S9K+ B\RGEOISIE 
& AFT]W>DS TO USE ?IS P[] TO S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,P>TY4 
,?US AN 5ORM\S DIFF]5CE WAS REVEAL$ BETWE5 ! REVOLUTION>Y 
MASSES & ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY 9 !IR CONCEPTIONS & P]SPECTIVES 
( ,OCTOB]4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 IT WAS ! QUE/ION ( ! DEFEAT ( 
P[] ) ! VIEW ( RE9=C+ & 5L>G+ ! ALREADY 
CON/ITUT$ ORGANS ( WORK]S & PEASANTS SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,9 ! 
SECOND CASE1 IT WAS ! QUE/ION ( LEAN+ ON !SE ORGANS 9 ORD] 
TO SEIZE P[] & TO SUBORD9ATE ALL ! REVOLUTION>Y =CES TO ! 
,P>TY4 ,?IS DIV]G5CE PLAY$ A FATAL ROLE 9 DET]M9+ ! FUTURE 
C\RSE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 

,! SUCCESS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION - ?AT IS 
TO SAY1 ! FACT ?AT !Y F\ND !MSELVES 9 P[] & FROM !RE 
SUBORD9AT$ ! :OLE ,REVOLUTION TO !IR ,P>TY IS EXPLA9$ BY 
!IR ABILITY TO SUB/ITUTE ! IDEAS ( A ,SOVIET P[] = ! SOCIAL 
REVOLUTION & ! SOCIAL EMANCIPATION ( ! MASSES4 ,A PRIORI1 !SE 
TWO IDEAS APPE> AS NON-CONTRADICTORY = IT WAS POSSIBLE TO 
UND]/& ,SOVIET P[] AS ! P[] ( ! SOVIETS1 & ?IS 
FACILITAT$ ! SUB/ITUTION ( ! IDEA ( ,SOVIET P[] = ?AT ( 
! ,REVOLUTION4 ,NEV]!LESS1 9 !IR REALIZATION & CONSEQU5CES 
!SE IDEAS W]E 9 VIOL5T CONTRACTION TO EA* O!R4 ,! CONCEPTION 
( ,SOVIET ,P[] 9C>NAT$ 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE1 WAS TRANS=M$ 
9TO AN 5TIRELY TRADITIONAL B\RGEOIS P[] CONC5TRAT$ 9 A 
H&FUL ( 9DIVIDUALS :O SUBJECT$ TO !IR AU?ORITY ALL ?AT WAS 
FUNDAM5TAL & MO/ P[]FUL 9 ! LIFE ( ! PEOPLE - 9 ?IS 
P>TICUL> CASE1 ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,!RE=E1 ) ! HELP ( 
! 0P[] ( ! SOVIETS0 - 9 :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS MONOPOLIZ$ MO/ 
( ! PO/S - !Y EFFECTIVELY ATTA9$ A TOTAL P[] & C\LD 
PROCLAIM !IR DICTATOR%IP ?R\<\T ! REVOLUTION>Y T]RITORY4 
,?IS FURNI%$ !M ) ! POSSIBILITY ( /RANGL+ ALL ! 
REVOLUTION>Y CURR5TS ( ! WORK]S 9 DISAGREEM5T ) !IR 
DOCTR9E ( ALT]+ ! :OLE C\RSE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & 
( MAK+ IT ADOPT A MULTITUDE ( MEASURES CONTR>Y TO ITS ESS5CE4 
,ONE ( !SE MEASURES WAS ! MILIT>IZATION ( LABOR DUR+ ! 
YE>S ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM - MILIT>IZATION ( ! WORK]S SO ?AT 
MILLIONS ( SW9DL]S & P>ASITES C\LD LIVE 9 PEACE1 LUXURY & 
IDL5ESS4 ,ANO!R MEASURE WAS ! W> BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRY1 
PROVOK$ BY ! POLICY ( ! ,P>TY 9 CONSID]+ PEASANTS AS 
ELEM5TS UNRELIABLE & =EIGN TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,!RE WAS1 
F9ALLY1 ! /RANGL+ ( LIB]T>IAN ?\<T & ( ! ,AN>*I/ 
MOVEM5T :OSE SOCIAL IDEAS & CAT*WORDS W]E ! =CE ( ! 
,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ORI5TAT$ T[>DS A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,O!R 
MEASURES CONSI/$ ( ! PROSCRIPTION ( ! 9DEP5D5T WORK]S 
MOVEM5T1 ! SMO!R+ ( ! FRE$OM ( SPEE* ( WORK]S 9 
G5]AL4 ,ALL WAS R$UC$ TO A S+LE C5T]1 FROM :]E ALL 
9/RUCTIONS EMANAT$ CONC]N+ ! WAY ( LIFE1 ( ?\<T1 ( 
ACTION ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 

,?AT IS ! ,OCTOB] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,9 IT WAS 9C>NAT$ ! 
IDEAL FOLL[$ BY DECADES BY ! REVOLUTION>Y 9TELLIG5TSIA1 
9ITIALLY REALIZ$ N[ BY ! :OLESALE DICTATOR%IP ( ! 
,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,?IS IDEAL SATISFIES ! RUL+ 
9TELLIG5TSIA1 DESPITE ! CATA/ROPHIC CONSEQU5CES = ! 
WORK]S2 N[ !Y CAN CELEBRATE ) POMP ! ANNIV]S>Y ( T5 
YE>S ( P[]4 

,! ,AN>*I/S 

,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM WAS ! ONLY POLITICO SOCIAL-CURR5T TO 
EXTOLL ! IDEA ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION BY ! WORK]S & PEASANTS1 AS 
MU* DUR+ ! #aie ,REVOLUTION AS FROM ! FIR/ DAYS ( ! ,OCTOB] 
,REVOLUTION4 ,9 FACT1 ! ROLE !Y C\LD HAVE PLAY$ W\LD HAVE BE5 
COLOSSAL1 & SO C\LD HAVE BE5 ! MEANS ( /RUGGLE EMPLOY$ BY 
! MASSES !MSELVES4 ,LIKEWISE1 NO POLITICO-SOCIAL !ORY C\LD HAVE 
BL5D$ SO H>MONI\SLY ) ! SPIRIT & ORI5TATION ( ! 
,REVOLUTION4 ,! 9T]V5TIONS ( ! ,AN>*I/ ORATORS 9 #aiag W]E 
LI/5$ TO ) A R>E TRU/ & ATT5TION BY ! WORK]S4 ,ONE C\LD 
HAVE SAID ?AT ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( ! WORK]S & 
PEASANTS1 TOGE!R ) ! IDEOLOGICAL & TACTICAL P[] ( 
,AN>*ISM C\LD HAVE REPRES5T$ A =CE TO :I* NO?+ C\LD BE 
OPPOS$4 ,UNHAPPILY1 ?IS FUSION DID NOT TAKE PLACE4 ,SOME ISOLAT$ 
AN>*I/S OCCASIONALLY L$ 9T5SE REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY AMONG ! 
WORK]S1 BUT !RE WAS NOT AN ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION ( GREAT SIZE TO 
LEAD MORE CONT9U\S & COORD9AT$ ACTIONS1 7\TSIDE ( ! ,NABAT 
,CONF$]ATION & ! 
,MAKHNOV*T9A 9 ! 
,UKRA9E74 ,ONLY SU* AN ORGANIZATION C\LD HAVE UNIT$ ! ,AN>*I/S 
& ! MILLIONS ( WORK]S4 ,DUR+ SU* AN IMPORTANT & 
ADVANTAGE\S REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD1 ! ,AN>*I/S LIMIT$ !MSELVES 
TO ! RE/RICT$ ACTIVITIES ( SMALL GR\PS 9/EAD ( ORI5TAT+ 
!MSELVES TO MASS POLITICAL ACTION4 ,!Y PREF]R$ TO DR[N 
!MSELVES 9 ! SEA ( !IR 9T]NAL QU>RELS1 NOT ATTEMPT+ TO 
POSE ! PROBLEM ( A COMMON POLICY & TACTIC ( ,AN>*ISM ,BY ?IS 
DEFICI5CY1 !Y CONDEMN$ !MSELVES TO 9ACTION & /]ILITY 
DUR+ ! MO/ IMPORTANT MOM5TS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 

,! CAUSES ( ?IS CATA/ROPHIC /ATE ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 
RESID$ 9 ! DISP]SION1 ! DISORGANIZATION & ! ABS5CE ( A 
COLLECTIVE TACTIC - ?+S :I* HAVE NE>LY ALWAYS BE5 RAIS$ AS 
PR9CIPLES AMONG ,AN>*I/S1 PREV5T+ !M MAK+ A S+LE 
ORGANIZATIONAL /EP SO ?AT !Y C\LD ORI5TATE ! SOCIAL 
REVOLUTION 9 A DECISIVE FA%ION4 ,!RE IS NO ACTUAL ADVANTAGE 9 
D5\NC+ ?OSE :O1 BY !IR DEMAGOGY1 !IR ?\<TLESSNESS1 & 
!IR IRRESPONSIBILITY1 CONTRIBUT$ TO CREATE ?IS SITUATION4 ,BUT ! 
TRAGIC EXP]I5CE3 :I* L$ ! WORK+ MASSES TO DEFEAT1 & 
,AN>*ISM TO ! $GE ( ! ABYSS1 %\LD BE ASSIMILAT$ AS FROM 
N[4 ,WE MU/ COMBAT & PITILESSLY /IGMATIZE ?OSE :O 9 ONE WAY OR 
ANO!R1 CONT9UE TO P]PETUATE ! *AOS & CONFUSION 9 ,AN>*ISM1 
ALL ?OSE :O OB/RUCT ITS REE/ABLI%M5T OR ORGANIZATION4 ,9 O!R 
WORDS1 ?OSE :OSE ACTIONS GO AGA9/ ?OSE EF=TS ( ! MOVEM5T 
= ! EMANCIPATION ( LABOR & ! REALIZATION ( ! 
,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,! WORK+ MASSES APPRECIATE & >E 
9/9CTIVELY ATTRACT$ BY ,AN>*ISM1 BUT WILL NOT WORK ) ! 
,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T UNTIL !Y >E CONV9C$ ( ITS !ORETICAL & 
ORGANIZATIONAL COH]5CE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y = EV]YONE ( US TO TRY 
TO ! MAXIMUM TO ATTA9 ?IS 
COH]5CE4 

,CONCLUSIONS & ,P]SPECTIVES 

,! ,BOL%EVIK PRACTICE ( ! LA/ T5 YE>S %[S CLE>LY ! 
C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y .<ROLE.> ( !IR DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,P>TY4 
,EV]Y YE> IT RE/RA9S A LITTLE MORE ! SOCIAL-& POLITICAL RI<TS 
( ! WORK]S1 & TAKES !IR REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/S AWAY4 ,!RE 
IS NO D\BT ?AT ! 'HI/ORIC MISSION' ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY IS 
EMPTI$ ( ALL MEAN+ & ?AT IT WILL ATTEMPT TO BR+ ! ,RUSSIAN 
,REVOLUTION TO ITS F9AL OBJECTIVE 3 ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM ( ! 5SLAV+ 
SAL>IAT1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ( ! RE9=C$ P[] ( ! EXPLOIT]S 
& AT ! 9CREAS+ MIS]Y ( ! EXPLOIT$4 ,9 SPEAK+ ( ! 
,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY AS P>T ( ! SOCIALI/ 9TELLIG5TSIA1 EX]CIS+ 
ITS P[] OV] ! WORK+ MASSES ( T[N & C\NTRY1 WE HAVE 9 
VIEW ITS C5TRAL DIRECT+ NUCLEUS :I*1 BY ITS ORIG9S1 ITS 
=MATION1 & ITS LIFE-/YLE HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! WORK+ 
CLASS1 & DESPITE ?AT1 RULES ALL ! DETAILS ( LIFE ( ! ,P>TY 
& ( ! PEOPLE4 ,?AT NUCLEUS WILL ATTEMPT TO /AY ABOVE ! 
PROLET>IAT1 :O HAVE NO?+ TO EXPECT FROM IT4 ,! POSSIBILITIES 
= RANK & FILE ,P>TY MILITANTS1 9CLUD+ ! ,COMMUNI/ Y\?1 
APPE> DIFF]5T4 ,?IS MASS HAS PASSIVELY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! 
NEGATIVE & C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y POLICIES ( ! ,P>TY1 BUT HAV+ 
COME FROM ! WORK+-CLASS1 IT IS CAPABLE ( BECOM+ AW>E ( ! 
AU!NTIC ,OCTOB] ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS & ( COM+ T[>DS 
IT4 ,WE DO NOT D\BT ?AT FROM ?IS MASS WILL COME MANY FI<T]S = 
! WORK]S' ,OCTOB]4 ,LET US HOPE ?AT !Y RAPIDLY ASSIMILATE ! 
,AN>*I/ *>ACT] ( ?IS ,OCTOB]1 & ?AT !Y COME TO ITS AID4 
,ON \R SIDE1 LET US 9DICATE ?IS *>ACT] AS MU* AS POSSIBLE1 & 
HELP ! MASSES TO RECONQU] & CONS]VE ! GREAT REVOLUTION>Y 
A*IEVEM5TS4 

   ,TRANSLAT$ BY ,NICK ,HEA? = 

    
   ,NOR? ,LONDON ,ORGANIZATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y 
   ,AN>*I/S 
    
   = ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,REVIEW 
    
   ,NO4 #a ,W9T] #aigf 

,FROM 3 ,FLAG4,BLACK5$4NET4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibf 3 ,! ,TWO ,OCTOB]S -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #b1 #bag 3 ,! ,TWO ,OCTOB]S -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,! ,TWO ,OCTOB]S -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/