,=EWORD 

#aiadaiad 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ORD] TO UND]/& ! SOCIAL & DYNAMIC SIGNIFICANCE ( 
MOD]N DRAMATIC >T IT IS NECESS>Y1 ,I BELIEVE1 TO ASC]TA9 ! 
DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! FUNCTIONS ( >T = >T'S SAKE 
& >T AS ! MIRROR ( LIFE4 

,>T = >T'S SAKE PRESUPPOSES AN ATTITUDE ( ALO(NESS 
ON ! P>T ( ! >TI/ T[>D ! COMPLEX /RUGGLE ( LIFE3 
 HE MU/ RISE ABOVE ! EBB & TIDE ( LIFE4 ,HE IS TO BE M]ELY 
AN >TI/IC CONJUR] ( BEAUTIFUL =MS1 A CREATOR ( PURE FANCY4 

,?AT IS NOT ! ATTITUDE ( MOD]N >T1 :I* IS PREEM95TLY 
! REFLEX1 ! MIRROR ( LIFE4 ,! >TI/ BE+ A P>T ( LIFE 
CANNOT DETA* HIMSELF FROM ! EV5TS & OCCURR5CES ?AT PASS 
PANORAMA-LIKE BE=E HIS EYES1 IMPRESS+ !MSELVES UPON HIS 
EMOTIONAL & 9TELLECTUAL VISION4 

,! MOD]N >TI/ IS1 9 ! WORDS ( ,AUGU/ ,/R9DB]G1 0A 
LAY PREA*] POPUL>IZ+ ! PRESS+ QUE/IONS ( HIS TIME40 
,NOT NECESS>ILY BECAUSE HIS AIM IS TO PROSELYTE1 BUT BECAUSE HE 
CAN BE/ EXPRESS HIMSELF BY BE+ TRUE TO LIFE4 

,MILLET1 ,MEUNI]1 ,TURG5EV1 ,DO/OYEVSKY1 ,EM]SON1 ,WALT ,:ITMAN1 
,TOL/OY1 ,IBS51 ,/R9DB]G1 ,HAUPTMANN & A HO/ ( O!RS MIRROR 
9 !IR WORK AS MU* ( ! SPIRITUAL & SOCIAL REVOLT AS IS 
EXPRESS$ BY ! MO/ FI]Y SPEE* ( ! PROPAG&I/4 ,& MORE 
IMPORTANT /ILL1 !Y COMPEL F> GREAT] ATT5TION4 ,!IR CREATIVE 
G5IUS1 IMBU$ ) ! SPIRIT ( S9C]ITY & TRU?1 /RIKES 
ROOT :]E ! ORD9>Y WORD (T5 FALLS ON B>R5 SOIL4 

,! REASON ?AT MANY RADICALS AS WELL AS CONS]VATIVES FAIL TO 
GRASP ! P[]FUL MESSAGE ( >T IS P]HAPS NOT F> TO SEEK4 
,! AV]AGE RADICAL IS AS HIDEB\ND BY M]E T]MS AS ! MAN DEVOID 
( ALL IDEAS4 0,BLOAT$ PLUTOCRATS10 0ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM10 
0CLASS CONSCI\SNESS10 & SIMIL> EXPRESSIONS SUM UP 
= HIM ! SYMBOLS ( REVOLT4 ,BUT S9CE >T SPEAKS A LANGUAGE 
( ITS [N1 A LANGUAGE EMBRAC+ ! 5TIRE GAMUT ( HUMAN EMOTIONS1 
IT (T5 S\NDS MEAN+LESS TO ?OSE :OSE HE>+ HAS BE5 DULL$ 
BY ! D9 ( /]EOTYP$ PHRASES4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! CONS]VATIVE SEES DANG] ONLY 9 ! ADVOCACY 
( ! ,R$ ,FLAG4 ,HE HAS TOO LONG BE5 F$ ON ! HI/ORIC LEG5D 
?AT IT IS ONLY ! 0RABBLE0 :I* MAKES REVOLUTIONS1 
& NOT ?OSE :O WIELD ! BRU% OR P54 ,IT IS !RE=E LEGITIMATE 
TO APPLAUD ! >TI/ & H\ND ! RABBLE4 ,BO? RADICAL & CONS]VATIVE 
HAVE TO LE>N ?AT ANY MODE ( CREATIVE WORK1 :I* ) TRUE 
P]CEPTION PORTRAYS SOCIAL WRONGS E>NE/LY & BOLDLY1 MAY BE 
A GREAT] M5ACE TO \R SOCIAL FABRIC & A MORE P[]FUL 9SPIRATION 
?AN ! WILDE/ H>ANGUE ( ! SOAPBOX ORATOR4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 WE 9 ,AM]ICA HAVE SO F> LOOK$ UPON ! !AT] 
AS A PLACE ( AMUSEM5T ONLY1 EXCLUSIVE ( IDEAS & 9SPIRATION4 
,BECAUSE ! MOD]N DRAMA ( ,EUROPE HAS TILL REC5TLY BE5 9ACCESSIBLE 
9 PR9T$ =M TO ! AV]AGE !AT]-GO] 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 HE 
HAD TO CONT5T HIMSELF ) ! 9T]PRETATION1 OR RA!R MIS9T]PRETATION1 
( \R DRAMATIC CRITICS4 ,AS A RESULT ! SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE ( 
! ,MOD]N ,DRAMA HAS WELL NI< BE5 LO/ TO ! G5]AL PUBLIC4 

,AS TO ! NATIVE DRAMA1 ,AM]ICA HAS SO F> PRODUC$ V]Y LITTLE 
WOR?Y TO BE CONSID]$ 9 A SOCIAL LI<T4 ,LACK+ ! CULTURAL 
& EVOLUTION>Y TRADITION ( ! ,OLD ,WORLD1 ,AM]ICA HAS NECESS>ILY 
FIR/ TO PREP>E ! SOIL \T ( :I* SPR\TS CREATIVE G5IUS4 

,! HUNDR$ & ONE SPR+S ( LOCAL & SECTIONAL LIFE MU/ 
HAVE TIME TO FURR[ !IR COMMON *ANNEL 9TO ! SEE?+ SEA 
( LIFE AT L>GE1 & SOCIAL QUE/IONS & PROBLEMS MAKE !MSELVES 
FELT1 IF NOT CRY/ALLIZ$1 BE=E ! ?ROBB+ PULSE ( ! BIG 
NATIONAL HE>T CAN F9D ITS REFLEX 9 A GREAT LIT]ATURE--& 
SPECIFICALLY 9 ! DRAMA--( A SOCIAL *>ACT]4 ,?IS EVOLUTION 
HAS BE5 GO+ ON 9 ?IS C\NTRY = A CONSID]ABLE TIME1 %AP+ 
! WIDE-SPREAD UNRE/ ?AT IS N[ BEG9N+ TO ASSUME MORE OR 
LESS DEF9ITE SOCIAL =M & EXPRESSION4 

,!RE=E1 ,AM]ICA C\LD NOT SO F> PRODUCE ITS [N SOCIAL DRAMA4 
,BUT 9 PROPORTION AS ! CRY/ALLIZATION PROGRESSES1 & SECTIONAL 
& NATIONAL QUE/IONS BECOME CL>IFI$ AS FUNDAM5TALLY SOCIAL 
PROBLEMS1 ! DRAMA DEVELOPS4 ,9DE$1 V]Y COMM5DABLE BEG9N+S 
9 ?IS DIRECTION HAVE BE5 MADE )9 REC5T YE>S1 AMONG !M 
0,! ,EASIE/ ,WAY10 BY ,EUG5E ,WALT]1 0,KEEP+ ,UP 
,APPE>ANCES10 & O!R PLAYS BY ,BUTL] ,DAV5PORT1 0,N[ADAYS0 
& TWO O!R VOLUMES ( ONE-ACT PLAYS1 BY ,GEORGE ,MIDDLETON1--ATTEMPTS 
?AT HOLD \T AN 5C\RAG+ PROMISE = ! FUTURE4 

4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 

,! ,MOD]N ,DRAMA1 AS ALL MOD]N LIT]ATURE1 MIRRORS ! COMPLEX 
/RUGGLE ( LIFE1--! /RUGGLE :I*1 :ATEV] ITS 9DIVIDUAL 
OR TOPICAL EXPRESSION1 EV] HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! DEP? ( HUMAN 
NATURE & SOCIAL 5VIRONM5T1 & H5CE IS1 TO ?AT EXT5T1 UNIV]SAL4 
,SU* LIT]ATURE1 SU* DRAMA1 IS AT ONCE ! REFLEX & ! 9SPIRATION 
( MANK9D 9 ITS ET]NAL SEEK+ = ?+S HI<] & BETT]4 
,P]HAPS ?OSE :O LE>N ! GREAT TRU?S ( ! SOCIAL TRAVAIL 
9 ! S*OOL ( LIFE1 DO NOT NE$ ! MESSAGE ( ! DRAMA4 ,BUT 
!RE IS ANO!R CLASS :OSE NUMB] IS LEGION1 = :OM ?AT MESSAGE 
IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,9 C\NTRIES :]E POLITICAL OPPRESSION AFFECTS 
ALL CLASSES1 ! BE/ 9TELLECTUAL ELEM5T HAVE MADE COMMON CAUSE 
) ! PEOPLE1 HAVE BECOME !IR TEA*]S1 COMRADES1 & SPOKESM54 
,BUT 9 ,AM]ICA POLITICAL PRESSURE HAS SO F> AFFECT$ ONLY ! 
0COMMON0 PEOPLE4 ,IT IS !Y :O >E ?R[N 9TO PRISON2 
!Y :O >E P]SECUT$ & MOBB$1 T>R$ & DEPORT$4 ,!RE=E 
ANO!R M$IUM IS NE$$ TO >\SE ! 9TELLECTUALS ( ?IS C\NTRY1 
TO MAKE !M REALIZE !IR RELATION TO ! PEOPLE1 TO ! SOCIAL 
UNRE/ P]MEAT+ ! ATMOSPH]E4 

,! M$IUM :I* HAS ! P[] TO DO ?AT IS ! ,MOD]N ,DRAMA1 
BECAUSE IT MIRRORS EV]Y PHASE ( LIFE & EMBRACES EV]Y /RATA 
( SOCIETY1--! ,MOD]N ,DRAMA1 %[+ EA* & ALL CAU<T 9 
! ?ROES ( ! TREM5D\S *ANGES GO+ ON1 & =C$ EI!R 
TO BECOME P>T ( ! PROCESS OR BE LEFT BEH9D4 

,IBS51 ,/R9DB]G1 ,HAUPTMANN1 ,TOL/OY1 ,%AW1 ,GALSWOR?Y & ! 
O!R DRAMATI/S CONTA9$ 9 ?IS VOLUME REPRES5T ! SOCIAL 
ICONOCLA/S ( \R TIME4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT SOCIETY HAS GONE BEYOND 
! /AGE ( PAT*+ UP1 & ?AT MAN MU/ ?R[ (F ! DEAD 
WEI<T ( ! PA/1 ) ALL ITS <O/S & SPOOKS1 IF HE IS TO 
GO FOOT FREE TO MEET ! FUTURE4 

,?IS IS ! SOCIAL SIGNIFICANCE :I* DIFF]5TIATES MOD]N DRAMATIC 
>T FROM >T = >T'S SAKE4 ,IT IS ! DYNAMITE :I* UND]M9ES 
SUP]/ITION1 %AKES ! SOCIAL PILL>S1 & PREP>ES M5 & 
WOM5 = ! RECON/RUCTION4 

,FROM 3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,B]KELEY4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aiac 3 ,=EWORD -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#d1 #bag 3 ,=EWORD -- ,ADD$4 

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