,! ,SLAV]Y ,( ,\R ,TIMES 

#ai 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,AU?OR 3 ,AYLM] ,MAUDE 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,SPYROS ,!ODORITSIS1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,9,T,R,O,D,U,C,T,I,O,N 

,BY ,AYLM] ,MAUDE 

,?IS LITTLE BOOK %[S1 9 A %ORT1 CLE>1 & SY/EMATIC MANN]1 H[ ! PR9CIPLE ( ,NON-,RESI/ANCE1 AB\T :I* ,TOL/OY HAS WRITT5 SO MU*1 IS RELAT$ TO ECONOMIC & POLITICAL LIFE4 

,! GREAT MAJORITY ( M51 )\T KN[+ :Y1 >E CON/RA9$ TO LABOR LONG H\RS AT TASKS !Y DISLIKE1 & (T5 TO LIVE 9 UNHEAL?Y CONDITIONS4 ,IT IS NOT ?AT MAN HAS SO LITTLE CONTROL OV] NATURE ?AT TO OBTA9 A SUBSI/5CE IT IS NECESS>Y TO WORK 9 ?IS WAY1 BUT BECAUSE M5 HAVE MADE LAWS AB\T L&1 TAXES1 & PROP]TY1 :I* RESULT 9 PLAC+ ! GREAT BULK ( ! PEOPLE 9 CONDITIONS :I* COMPEL !M TO LABOR ?US1 OR GO TO ! WORKH\SE1 OR />VE4 

,IT MAY BE SAID ?AT MAN'S NATURE IS SO BAD ?AT W]E IT NOT = !SE LAWS AN EV5 WORSE /ATE ( ?+S W\LD EXI/2 ?AT ! LAWS WE MAKE & TOL]ATE >E \TW>D & VISIBLE SIGNS ( AN 9W>D & SPIRITUAL DISGRACE -- ! SELFI%NESS ( MAN1 :I* IS ! REAL ROOT ( ! EVIL4 ,BUT GRANT+ ?AT1 9 A S5SE1 ?IS MAY BE TRUE1 WE NE$ NOT SUPPOSE MAN'S NATURE TO BE IMMUTABLE1 & ALL PROGRESS = EV] IMPOSSIBLE4 ,NOR NE$ WE SUPPOSE IT \R DUTY TO LEAVE PROGRESS 9 ! H&S ( SOME K9D ( A SELF-ACT+ EVOLUTION1 :OSE OP]ATIONS WE CAN ONLY WAT* AS A PASS5G] WAT*ES ! WORK+ ( A %IP'S 5G9ES4 ,WE MAY CONSID] ! EFFECT ( ! LAWS WE HAVE MADE1 APPROVE OR DISAPPROVE ( !M1 DISC]N ! DIRECTION 9 :I* IT IS POSSIBLE TO ADVANCE1 & TAKE \R P>T 9 FUR!R+ OR HAMP]+ ?AT ADVANCE4 

,LAWS >E MADE BY ,GOV]NM5TS1 & >E 5=C$ BY PHYSICAL VIOL5CE4 ,WE HAVE BE5 SO LONG TAU<T ?AT IT IS GOOD = SOME PEOPLE TO MAKE LAWS = O!RS1 ?AT MO/ M5 APPROVE ( ?IS4 ,JU/ AS 0G5TEEL0 PEOPLE HAVE BE5 KN[N TO APPROVE ( :OLESALE :ILE !Y TURN$ UP !IR NOSES AT RETAIL BUS9ESS1 SO PEOPLE 9 G5]AL1 :ILE DISAPPROV+ ( ROBB]Y & MURD] :5 DONE ON A SMALL SCALE1 ADMIRE !M :5 !Y >E ORGANIZ$1 & :5 !Y RESULT 9 ALLOTT+ MO/ ( ! L& ON :I* =TY MILLIONS HAVE TO LIVE TO A FEW ?\S&S1 & 9 P]IODICALLY S5D+ \T ?\S&S ( M5 TO KILL & TO BE KILL$4 ,NOR >E PEOPLE MU* %OCK$ AT ISOLAT$ MURD]S1 ! RESPONSIBILITY = :I* IS SUBDIVID$ BETWE5 ! ,QUE51 ! HANGMAN1 ! JUDGE1 JURY1 & (FICIALS4 

,TO ,TOL/OY'S M9D1 VIOL5CE DONE BY MAN TO MAN IS WRONG4 ,WE CANNOT ESCAPE ! WRONGNESS BY DO+ IT :OLESALE1 OR BY SUBDIVID+ ! RESPONSIBILITY4 

,BUT :AT W\LD HAPP5 IF WE CEAS$ TO ABET IT8 

,IF IT W]E POSSIBLE =CIBLY TO OBLIGE M5 TO CEASE FROM US+ =CE1 ! SELFI%NESS :I* IS AT ! ROOT ( ! MATT] W\LD1 NO D\BT1 BUR/ \T 9 SOME FRE% =M4 ,?AT IS1 9 FACT1 PRETTY MU* :AT HAS HAPP5$ 3 WE>Y ( /RIFE & PRIVATE FEUDS1 PEOPLE CONS5T$ TO LEAVE TO ,GOV]NM5TS ! USE ( =CE4 ,EXT]NAL PEACE AMONG 9DIVIDUALS HAS 5SU$1 BUT 9 PLACE ( /RIFE ) CLUB OR SWORD1 A NEW /RUGGLE ALMO/ AS FI]CE IS C>RI$ ON UND] LEGAL & COMM]CIAL =MS1 ,TOL/OY'S DESIRE IS NOT ?AT PEOPLE %\LD BE COMPELL$ TO CEASE FROM VIOL5CE1 BUT ?AT VIOL5CE %\LD BECOME TO !M ABHORR5T1 & ?AT !Y %\LD NOT WI% TO SWAY O!RS MORE ?AN !Y CAN BE SWAY$ BY REASON & BY SYMPA?Y4 ,W]E ?AT ACCOMPLI%$1 SURELY WE MAY TRU/ ?AT GOOD W\LD COME ( GOOD1 AS N[ ILL COMES ( ILL4 ,AT ANYRATE1 AS ,TOL/OY %[S1 !RE IS NO O!R PA? ( ADVANCE4 ,WE CAN NEI!R REV]T TO ! BELIEF ?AT TO USE VIOL5CE IS A DIV9E RI<T ( K+S1 NOR CAN WE MA9TA9 ! CURR5T BELIEF ?AT TO DO SO IS A DIV9E RI<T ( MAJORITIES4 ,TO BE SUBJECT$ BY =CE TO A RULE WE DISAPPROVE ( IS SLAV]Y1 & WE >E ALL SLAVES OR SLAVE-[N]S 7SOMETIMES BO? TOGE!R7 AS LONG AS \R SOCIETY BASES ITSELF ON VIOL5CE4 

,BUT CAN WE ABOLI% ! USE ( VIOL5CE1 & CEASE TO IMPRISON & KILL \R FELL[-M58 

,WE CAN AT LEA/ CONSID] :AT ,TOL/OY SAYS ON ! MATT]1 & REALIZE ?AT ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE EXI/S CLAIM+ \R APPROVAL1 & ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO )HOLD ?AT APPROVAL4 ,AS = ABOLI%+ VIOL5CE -- IT IS = US NOT A QUE/ION ( YES OR NO1 BUT IT IS A QUE/ION ( MORE OR LESS4 ,! AM\NT ( VIOL5CE COMMITT$ DEP5DS ON ! AM\NT ( SUPPORT ! VIOLATORS RECEIVE4 ,!RE >E PLACES :]E IT IS N[ IMPOSSIBLE TO GET ANYONE TO BECOME A HANGMAN1 & EV5 9 ,5GL&1 COMP>ATIVELY BRUTAL AS WE >E1 IT W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE TO RE5ACT ! P5AL CODE ( ,GEORGE ,I,I,I1 UND] :I* #af DIFF]5T CRIMES W]E PUNI%ABLE ) DEA?4 ,TO %AKE \RSELVES COMPLETELY FREE FROM ALL %>E 9 VIOL5CE1 IF WE >E NOT QUITE READY TO BECOME M>TYRS1 MAY SEEM & DOES SEEM IMPOSSIBLE4 ,TOL/OY HIMSELF DOES NOT PR(ESS TO HAVE CEAS$ TO USE PO/AGE-/AMPS :I* >E ISSU$1 OR ! HI<WAY ?AT IS MA9TA9$1 BY A ,GOV]NM5T :I* COLLECTS TAXES BY =CE2 BUT RE=MS COME BY M5 DO+ :AT !Y CAN1 NOT :AT !Y CAN'T4 ,IT W\LD BE A V]Y EASY1 & A V]Y SILLY1 REPLY TO ! TEA*+ ( ,JESUS1 TO SAY ?AT AS ,HE TELLS US TO BE P]FECT1 & WE CAN'T BE P]FECT1 WE CAN GET NO GUIDANCE FROM ,HIS TEA*+4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ANYONE :O WI%ES TO BE LOGICAL BUT NOT REASONABLE1 MAY SAY ?AT AS ,TOL/OY TELLS US TO /& ASIDE FROM ALL VIOL5CE1 & AS WE CANNOT DO SO1 HIS GUIDANCE IS USELESS4 ,TOL/OY RELIES ON HIS READ]S TO USE COMMON S5SE1 & ! COMMON S5SE ( ! MATT] IS1 ?AT IF WE >E SO 5ME%$ 9 A SY/EM BAS$ ON VIOL5CE1 & IF WE \RSELVES >E SO WEAK & FAULTY1 ?AT WE CANNOT AVOID BE+ P>TIES TO ACTS ( VIOL5CE1 WE %\LD AVOID ?IS AS MU* AS WE CAN4 

,! M9D IS MORE FREE ?AN ! BODY1 -- LET US1 AT LEA/1 TRY TO UND]/& ! TRU? ( ! MATT]1 & NOT EXCUSE A VICI\S SY/EM 9 ORD] TO %ELT] \RSELVES4 ,:5 WE HAVE UND]/OOD ! MATT]1 LET US NOT FE> TO SPEAK \T2 & :5 WE HAVE CONFESS$ \R VIEWS1 LET US TRY TO BR+ \R LIVES MORE & MORE 9 H>MONY ) !M4 

,TO FREE \RSELVES FROM ! P]PLEXITY PRODUC$ BY ! DUAL /&>D ( LEGALITY & ( RI<T1 W\LD ALONE BE AN 5ORM\S GA94 ,TAKE1 = 9/ANCE1 ! DR9K TRAFFIC 9 ,5GL&2 -- :AT FRICTION & WA/E ( P[] HAS RESULT$ FROM ! ATTEMPTS TO LEGISLATE ON ! MATT]4 ,H[ GREATLY BREW]S1 DI/ILL]S1 & DEAL]S HAVE GA9$ 9 RESPECTABILITY BY ! FACT ?AT !IR OCCUPATIONS W]E LEGAL1 IF NOT RI<T4 ,& IS IT NOT BECOM+ EVID5T ?AT IT IS NOT BY LAWS ?AT SU* EVILS AS ! DR9K TRADE CAN BE MET8 

,BUT1 WE >E TOLD1 PEOPLE >E SO 9CONSID]ATE & SO WRONG-HEAD$ ?AT NO?+ BUT ! /RONG >M ( ! LAW WILL RE/RA9 !M4 ,TO DI/URB !IR RESPECT = ! LAW IS DANG]\S4 

,( C\RSE IT IS DANG]\S6 ,EV]Y GREAT MORAL MOVEM5T & EV]Y /RONG RE=M MOVEM5T HAS ITS V]Y REAL DANG]S4 ,A C5TURY & A HALF AFT] ,/4 ,FRANCIS ( ,ASSISI HAD /IRR$ ,EUROPE BY HIS EXAMPLE ( SELF-R5UNCIATION & DEVOTION TO ! S]VICE ( O!RS1 SU* A CR[D ( IMPUD5T M5DICANTS %IRK+ ! DRUDG]Y ( A WORKADAY WORLD W]E PREY+ ON SOCIETY 9 HIS NAME1 ?AT ,WYCLIF D5\NC$ !M AS /URDY BEGG>S1 & /RONGLY C5SUR$ ANY 0MAN :O GIVES ALMS TO A BEGG+ FRI>40 

,HI/ORY IS APT TO REPEAT ITSELF 9 SU* MATT]S1 &1 NO D\BT1 ,TOL/OY'S VIEWS WILL BE AGA9 & AGA9 EXPLOIT$ BY UNWOR?Y DISCIPLES4 ,BUT IS HUMANITY TO /AGNATE BECAUSE :AT IS EVIL IS SO EASILY GRAFT$ ON :AT IS GOOD8 ,TO ?9K & TO MOVE MAY BE DANG]\S1 BUT TO /AGNATE IS TO DIE2 & PROGRESS ALONG ! PA? ( VIOL5CE -- AS ,BABYLON1 ,ASSYRIA1 ,EGYPT1 ,ROME1 ,SPA91 & MANY O!R NATIONS HAVE %[N -- IS PROGRESS TO DE/RUCTION4 

,NO D\BT1 TOO1 MANY GOOD PEOPLE WILL BE %OCK$ AT ,TOL/OY'S /ATEM5T ?AT 0,LAWS >E RULES MADE BY PEOPLE :O GOV]N BY MEANS ( ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE40 ,!Y WILL PLEAD ?AT1 9 MOD]N ,GOV]NM5TS1 ! ADM9I/RATIVE FUNCTIONS >E BECOM+ MORE & MORE PR$OM9ANT1 & ! CO]CIVE ONES >E FALL+ MORE & MORE 9TO ABEYANCE ,BUT ! REPLY IS1 ?AT ,GOV]NM5TS NE$ ONLY DROP !SE DW9DL+ & SECOND>Y FUNCTIONS 9 ORD] TO ESCAPE ! CRITICISM H]E LEVEL$ AT !M4 ,GOV]NM5TS :I*1 )\T 9SI/+ ON HAV+ !IR S]VICES ACCEPT$1 >E CONT5T TO (F] TO ORGANIZE SOCIETY ON A VOLUNT>Y BASIS -- KILL+ NO ONE1 IMPRISON+ NO ONE1 & RELY+ ON REASON & P]SUASION TO MAKE !IR DECREES PREVAIL -- >E NOT H]E ATTACK$4 

,& :ATEV] GOOD-NATUR$ PEOPLE MAY WI% TO BELIEVE AB\T ,GOV]NM5TS1 ! FACT IS ?AT EXI/+ ,GOV]NM5TS RELY ON =CE1 & ?AT :5 !Y DO NOT RELY ON =CE WE DO NOT CALL !M ,GOV]NM5TS1 BUT VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATIONS4 

,?AT M5 CONC]N$ 9 GOV]N+ O!RS KN[ ?IS1 IS %[N ALL ?R\< HI/ORY1 & HAS BE5 AGA9 %[N REC5TLY 9 ,S\? ,AFRICA4 ,AS LONG AS ,KRUG] & HIS P>TY HAD ! >M$ =CE1 ! ,BO] RE=M P>TY1 ! M9]S1 & EVEU ,MESSRS4 ,BEIT1 ,RHODES1 @& ,CO41 HAD TO SUBMIT4 ,9 ! TIME ( ! ,RAID ! QUE/ION :O1 9 FUTURE1 %\LD MAKE ! LAWS1 HUNG 9 ! BALANCE -- IT MI<T BE ,KRUG]1 OR ,RHODES1 OR SOMEBODY ELSE2 BUT IT WAS SURE TO BE ! MAN1 OR M51 :O C\LD OBTA9 ! ADVANTAGE ( BE+ ALL[$ OP5LY1 SY/EMATICALLY1 & UNBLU%+LY1 TO DO VIOL5CE TO ?OSE :O DISOBEY$ !M4 ,M5 :O W]E ORGANIZ+ ! BUCCANE]S ONE DAY1 MI<T BECOME 7& MAY YET BECOME7 A 0,GOV]NM5T0 ANO!R DAY4 ,9 FACT1 JU/ AS 9 ,SP>TA IT WAS CONSID]$ IMMORAL1 NOT TO ?IEVE1 BUT TO BE CAU<T ?IEV+1 SO AMONG MOD]N MORALI/S 7SU* AS ,PALEY7 IT HAS BE5 GRAVELY >GU$ ?AT ! MORALITY ( US+ VIOL5CE AGA9/ ! M5 9 P[] DEP5DS ON ! *ANCE ( BE+ SUCCESSFUL4 

,TOL/OY SAYS ?AT ! SY/EMATIC USE ( ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE LIES AT ! ROOT ( ! ILLS FROM :I* \R SOCIETY SUFF]S2 & :ILE AGREE+ 9 ! 9DICTM5T ,SOCIALISM BR+S AGA9/ ! PRES5T SY/EM1 HE PO9TS \T ?AT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,SOCIALI/ ,/ATE W\LD 9VOLVE ! 5=CEM5T ( A FRE% =M ( SLAV]Y -- DIRECT COMPULSION TO LABOR4 ,& IF HE IS NOT AT ONE ) ! ,SOCIALI/S1 NEI!R IS HE AT ONE ) ! ,REVOLUTION>Y P>TY ( ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S USUALLY SPOK5 ( 9 ,5GL& AS 0,NIHILI/S40 ,!Y1 9DE$1 >E (T5 V]Y BITT] 9 !IR D5UNCIATIONS ( ,TOL/OY1 :OSE 9FLU5CE HAS 9CREAS$ ! MORAL REPUGNANCE FELT = !IR POLICY ( ASSASS9ATION4 ,!IR ACCUSATION ?AT ,TOL/OY WI%ES TO OPPOSE DESPOTISM BY M]E METAPHYSICS IS1 H[EV]1 MET 9 ! PRES5T WORK BY A DIRECT & EXPLICIT APPEAL TO CONSCI5TI\S PEOPLE NOT VOLUNT>ILY TO PAY TAXES TO ,GOV]NM5TS :I* SP5D ! MONEY ON ORGANIZ+ VIOL5CE & MURD]4 

,?IS VIEW ( ! DUTY ( 9DIVIDUALS T[>DS ,GOV]NM5TS HAS HAD EXPON5TS 9 \R [N LANGUAGE4 ,! SA9TLY ,QUAK] ,JOHN ,WOOLMAN WROTE 9 HIS J\RNAL 9 #ageg -- 

0 ,A FEW YE>S PA/1 MONEY BE+ MADE CURR5T 9 \R PROV9CE = C>RY+ ON W>S1 & TO BE CALL$ 9 AGA9 BY TAXES LAID ON ! 9HABITANTS1 MY M9D WAS (T5 AFFECT$ ) ! ?\<TS ( PAY+ SU* TAXES 4 4 4 !RE WAS 9 ! DEP? ( MY M9D A SCRUPLE :I* ,I NEV] C\LD GET OV]2 & AT C]TA9 TIMES ,I WAS GREATLY DI/RESS$ ON ?AT ACC\NT4 ,I BELIEV$ ?AT !RE W]E SOME UPRI<T-HE>T$ M5 :O PAID SU* TAXES1 YET C\LD NOT SEE ?AT !IR EXAMPLE WAS A SUFFICI5T REASON = ME TO DO SO1 :ILE ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! SPIRIT ( TRU? REQUIR$ ( ME1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 TO SUFF] PATI5TLY ! DI/RESS ( GOODS1 RA!R ?AN PAY ACTIVELY40 
,HE F\ND HE WAS NOT ALONE AMONG ! ,FRI5DS ( ,PHILADELPHIA 9 ?IS MATT]4 

,NE>LY A C5TURY LAT] ,H5RY ,?OREAU WROTE 9 HIS ADMIRABLE ESSAY ON 0,CIVIL ,DISOB$I5CE0 -- 

0 ,I HE>TILY ACCEPT ! MOTTO -- ',?AT ,GOV]NM5T IS BE/ :I* GOV]NS LEA/'2 & ,I %\LD LIKE TO SEE IT ACT$ UP TO MORE RAPIDLY & SY/EMATICALLY4 ,C>RI$ \T1 IT F9ALLY AM\NTS TO ?IS1 :I* ALSO ,I BELIEVE1 -- ',?AT ,GOV]NM5T IS BE/ :I* GOV]NS NOT AT ALL'2 & :5 M5 >E PREP>$ = IT1 ?AT WILL BE ! K9D ( ,GOV]NM5T :I* !Y WILL HAVE4 4 4 4 

0 ,IT IS NOT A MAN'S DUTY1 AS A MATT] ( C\RSE1 TO DEVOTE HIMSELF TO ! ]ADICATION ( ANY1 EV5 ! MO/ 5ORM\S WRONG2 HE MAY PROP]LY HAVE O!R CONC]NS TO 5GAGE HIM 2 BUT IT IS HIS DUTY1 AT LEA/1 TO WA% HIS H&S ( IT1 &1 IF HE GIVES IT NO ?\<T LONG]1 NOT TO GIVE IT PRACTICALLY HIS SUPPORT4 

0 ,I DO NOT HESITATE TO SAY ?AT ?OSE :O CALL !MSELVES ,ABOLITIONI/S %\LD AT ONCE EFFECTUALLY )DRAW !IR SUPPORT1 BO? 9 P]SON & PROP]TY1 FROM ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,MASSA*USETTS1 & NOT WAIT TILL !Y CON/ITUTE A MAJORITY ( ONE1 BE=E !Y SURF] ! RI<T TO PREVAIL ?R\< !M4 ,I ?9K IT IS 5\< IF !Y HAVE ,GOD ON !IR SIDE1 )\T WAIT+ = ?AT O!R ONE4 ,MOREOV]1 ANY MAN MORE RI<T ?AN HIS NEI<BORS CON/ITUTES A MAJORITY ( ONE ALREADY40 

,HOLD+ !SE VIEWS1 HE REFUS$ TO PAY ! POLL-TAX1 & WAS PUT 9 PRISON = ONE NI<T1 TILL SOMEONE PAID ! TAX = HIM -- MU* TO HIS DISGU/4 

,TOL/OY1 !RE=E1 IS 9 GOOD COMPANY 9 HOLD+ ! VIEW ?AT IT W]E BETT] TO (F] A PASSIVE RESI/ANCE TO ,GOV]NM5TS ?AN VOLUNT>ILY TO PAY :AT !Y DEM& & MISAPPLY4 ,SU* REFUSALS MI<T BR+ AB\T ! BLOODLESS REVOLUTION ( :I* ,?OREAU SPOKE -- 

0 ,IF A ?\S& M5 W]E NOT TO PAY !IR TAX BILLS ?IS YE>1 ?AT W\LD NOT BE A VIOL5T & BLOODY MEASURE1 AS IT W\LD BE TO PAY !M1 & 5ABLE ! ,/ATE TO COMMIT VIOL5CE & %$ 9NOC5T BLOOD4 ,?IS IS1 9 FACT1 ! DEF9ITION ( A PEACEFUL REVOLUTION1 IF ANY SU* IS POSSIBLE4 ,IF ! TAX-GA!R] OR ANY O!R PUBLIC (FIC] ASKS ME1 AS ONE HAS DONE1 ',BUT :AT %ALL ,I DO8' MY ANSW] IS1 ',IF Y\ REALLY WI% TO DO ANY?+1 RESIGN Y\R (FICE4' ,:5 ! SUBJECT HAS REFUS$ ALLEGIANCE1 & ! (FIC] HAS RESIGN$ HIS (FICE1 !N ! REVOLUTION IS ACCOMPLI%$40 

,BUT :ILE WE REMEMB] ?AT ,TOL/OY IS 9 GOOD COMPANY 9 ?IS MATT]1 & ?AT HE H]E (F]S JU/ :AT SOME PEOPLE P9E = -- SOME?+ DEF9ITE & DECID$ TO DO OR TO REFUSE TO DO -- WE %ALL1 ,I ?9K1 MAKE A SAD MI/AKE IF WE FAIL TO DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ! MA9 9T5TION & DRIFT ( HIS WORK1 & SU* A PIECE ( PRACTICAL ADVICE AS ?IS4 

,! MA9 9T5TION & DRIFT ( ! WORK IS TO %[ ?AT PROGRESS 9 HUMAN WELL-BE+ CAN ONLY BE A*IEV$ BY RELY+ MORE & MORE ON REASON & CONSCI5CE1 & LESS & LESS ON MAN-MADE LAWS2 ?AT WE MU/ BE READY TO SACRIFICE ! MAT]IAL PROGRESS WE HAVE BE5 TAU<T TO E/EEM SO HI<LY1 RA!R ?AN ACQUIESCE 9 SU* 9JU/ICE & 9EQUALITY AS IS FLAGRANT AMONG US TO-DAY2 ?AT :AT WE DESIRE IS ! SUPREMACY ( TRU? & GOODNESS1 & ?AT CONSEQU5TLY VIOL5CE FROM MAN TO MAN MU/ MORE & MORE BE RECOGNIZ$ AS EVIL1 :E!R IT BOA/S ITSELF 9 HI< PLACES OR LURKS 9 SLUMS -- & ?AT WE MU/ MORE & MORE FREE \RSELVES FROM ! TA9T ( MURD] ?AT CL+S TO ALL ROBES ( /ATE4 

,!SE ?+S1 TO MY M9D1 SEEM C]TA9LY TRUE2 WE MU/ TURN \R BACK ON ! RELIGION ( ,JESUS IF WE W\LD REBUT !M4 

,BUT AS SOON AS IT COMES TO ANY DEF9ITE PRECEPT & EXT]NAL RULE TO DO ?IS1 OR NOT TO DO ?AT -- !RE IS ROOM = REPLY4 ,:AT IS REALLY NE$$1 & :AT ,TOL/OY IS AIM+ AT1 IS ?AT MANK9D %\LD /EADILY ADVANCE T[>DS P]FECTION1 & NO ONE ACTION CAN BE ! NEXT /EP = ALL M5 9 ALL PLACES4 ,SO :5 WE COME TO ! 9JUNCTION TO PAY NO TAX1 WE MAY REMEMB] ! PASSAGE 7,MATT4 XVII4 #b#d-#b#g7 9 :I* ,JESUS IS REPORT$ TO HAVE TOLD ,PET] TO CAT* FI% & PAY ! TAX = !M BO?4 ,! PASSAGE SEEMS TO MEAN3 0,WE >E 9 NO WAY B\ND TO PAY1 BUT IF !Y DEM& ! TAX ( Y\1 GIVE IT1 NOT BECAUSE Y\ >E UND] ANY OBLIGATION1 BUT BECAUSE WE MU/ NOT RESI/ HIM ?AT IS EVIL4 ,IF ANY MAN W\LD TAKE Y\R CLOAK1 GIVE HIM Y\R COAT ALSO40 ,& ?AT IS :AT ,TOL/OY ?\<T IT MEANT :5 HE WROTE ,! ,F\R ,GOSPELS4 

,9 ! PRES5T WORK1 H[EV]1 HE IS NOT 9T]PRET+ ! ,GOSPELS1 BUT IS DEAL+ ) PRES5T PROBLEMS ON ! PLANE ( ?\<T ( ! JURI/S & ! ECONOMI/S4 ,& :ATEV] MAY BE ! BE/ ME?OD ( UND]M9+ ! AU?ORITY ( ! PR9CE ( ?IS WORLD1 HIS CONDEMNATION BY ,JESUS MAKES 9 ! SAME DIRECTION AS ,?OREAU'S 0,CIVIL ,DISOB$I5CE0 & ,TOL/OY'S !ORY ( 0,NON-,RESI/ANCE40 ,EA* 9 HIS [N WAY SAYS1 0,! K+S ( ! ,G5TILES HAVE LORD%IP OV] !M2 & !Y ?AT HAVE AU?ORITY OV] !M >E CALL$ ,B5EFACTORS4 ,BUT YE %ALL NOT BE SO3 BUT HE ?AT IS ! GREAT] AMONG Y\1 LET HIM BECOME AS ! Y\NG]2 & HE ?AT IS *IEF1 AS HE ?AT DO? S]VE0 7,LUKE XXII4 #b#e1 #b#f74 

,! PR9CE ( ?IS WORLD IS JUDG$1 -- ! *ANGE =E%AD[$ IS A VA/ ONE1 & MU/ COMM5CE ) A *ANGE ( EA* MAN'S 9N] SELF4 ,BUT ITS \TW>D MANIFE/ATIONS MAY BE AS V>I\S AS ! FL[]S ( ! FIELD :I* >E ALL F$ BY ! SAME RA9 & SUN%9E FROM ABOVE4 

,GKEAT ,BADD[1 ,*ELMS=D1 

,OCTOB] #a#i4 

,A,U,?,O,R',S ,P,R,E,F,A,C,E 

0,!Y ?AT TAKE ! SWORD %ALL P]I% BY ! SWORD40 

,NE>LY FIFTE5 YE>S AGO ! C5SUS 9 ,MOSC[ EVOK$ 9 ME A S]IES ( ?\<TS & FEEL+S :I* ,I EXPRESS$ AS BE/ ,I C\LD 9 A BOOK CALL$ ,:AT ,MU/ ,WE ,DO ,!N8 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( LA/ YE> 7#a#h#i#i7 ,I ONCE MORE RECONSID]$ ! SAME QUE/IONS1 & ! CONCLUSIONS TO :I* ,I CAME W]E ! SAME AS 9 ?AT BOOK4 ,BUT AS ,I ?9K ?AT DUR+ !SE T5 YE>S ,I HAVE REFLECT$ ON ! QUE/IONS DISCUSS$ 9 ,:AT ,MU/ ,WE ,DO ,!N8 MORE QUIETLY & M9UTELY 9 RELATION TO ! TEA*+S AT PRES5T EXI/+ & DIFFUS$ AMONG US1 ,I N[ (F] ! READ] NEW CONSID]ATIONS1 LEAD+ TO ! SAME REPLIES AS BE=E4 ,I ?9K !SE CONSID]ATIONS MAY BE ( USE TO PEOPLE :O >E HONE/LY TRY+ TO ELUCIDATE !IR POSITION 9 SOCIETY & CLE>LY TO DEF9E ! MORAL OBLIGATIONS FL[+ FROM ?AT POSITION4 ,I1 !RE=E1 PUBLI% !M4 

,! FUNDAM5TAL ?\<T BO? ( ?AT BOOK & ( ?IS >TICLE IS ! REPUDIATION ( VIOL5CE4 ,?AT REPUDIATION ,I LE>N$ & UND]/OOD FROM ! ,GOSPELS1 :]E IT IS MO/ CLE>LY EXPRESS$ 9 ! WORDS3 ,IT WAS SAID TO Y\1 ,AN EYE = AN EYE10 4 4 4 I4E4 Y\ HAVE BE5 TAU<T TO OPPOSE VIOL5CE BY VIOL5CE1 BUT ,I TEA* Y\3 TURN ! O!R *EEK :5 Y\ >E /RUCK -- ?AT IS1 SUFF] VIOL5CE1 BUT DO NOT EMPLOY IT4 ,I KN[ ?AT ! USE ( ?OSE GREAT WORDS -- 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! UNREFLECT+LY P]V]T$ 9T]PRETATIONS ALIKE ( ,LIB]ALS & ( ,*UR*M51 :O ON ?IS MATT] AGREE -- WILL BE A REASON = MO/ SO-CALL$ CULTUR$ PEOPLE NOT TO READ ?IS >TICLE1 OR TO BE BIAS$ AGA9/ IT2 BUT1 NEV]!LESS1 ,I PLACE ?OSE WORDS AS ! EPIGRAPH ( ?IS WORK4 

,I CANNOT PREV5T PEOPLE :O CONSID] !MSELVES 5LI<T5$ FROM CONSID]+ ! ,GOSPEL TEA*+ TO BE AN OBSOLETE GUIDE TO LIFE -- A GUIDE LONG \TLIV$ BY HUMANITY4 ,BUT ,I CAN 9DICATE ! S\RCE FROM :I* ,I DREW MY CONSCI\SNESS ( A TRU? :I* PEOPLE >E AS YET F> FROM RECOGNIZ+1 & :I* ALONE CAN SAVE M5 FROM !IR SUFF]+S4 ,& ?IS ,I DO4 

#aa ,JULY1 #a#i4 

0,YE HAVE HE>D ?AT IT WAS SAID1 ,AN ,EYE = AN ,EYE1 & A ,TOO? = A ,TOO?0 7,MATT4 V4#c#h2 ,EX4 XXI4 #b#d74 

0,BUT ,I SAY UNTO Y\1 ,RESI/ NOT HIM ?AT IS EVIL2 BUT :OSOEV] SMITE? !E ON ?Y RI<T *EEK1 TURN TO HIM ! O!R ALSO0 7,MATT4 V4#c#i74 

0,& IF ANY MAN W\LD GO TO LAW ) !E1 & TAKE AWAY ?Y COAT1 LET HIM HAVE ?Y CLOAK ALSO0 7,MATT4 V4#d74 

0,GIVE TO EV]Y ONE ?AT ASKE? !E2 & ( HIM ?AT TAKE? AWAY ?Y GOODS ASK !M NOT AGA90 7,LUKE VI4 #c74 

0,& AS YE W\LD ?AT M5 %\LD DO TO Y\1 DO YE ALSO TO !M LIKEWISE0 7,LUKE VI4 #c#a74 

0,& ALL ?AT BELIEV$ W]E TOGE!R1 & HAD ALL ?+S COMMON0 7,ACTS II4 #d#d74 

0,& ,JESUS SAID1 ,:5 IT IS EV5+1 YE SAY1 IT WILL BE FAIR WEA!R1 = ! HEAV5 IS R$0 7,MATT4 XVI4 #b74 

0,& 9 ! MORN+1 ,IT WILL BE F\L WEA!R TO-DAY3 = ! HEAV5 IS R$ & L[]+4 ,YE HYPOCRITES1 YE KN[ H[ TO DISC]N ! FACE ( ! HEAV52 BUT YE CANNOT DISC]N ! SIGNS ( ! TIMES0 7,MATT4 XVI4 #c74 

0,! SY/EM ON :I* ALL ! NATIONS ( ! WORLD >E ACT+ IS F\ND$ 9 GROSS DECEPTION1 9 ! DEEPE/ IGNORANCE1 OR A MIXTURE ( BO?2 SO ?AT UND] NO POSSIBLE MODIFICATION ( ! PR9CIPLES ON :I* IT IS BAS$ CAN IT EV] PRODUCE GOOD TO MAN2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ITS PRACTICAL RESULTS MU/ EV] BE TO PRODUCE EVIL CONT9UALLY40 --,ROB]T ,[54 

0,WE HAVE MU* /UDI$ & MU* P]FECT$ ( LATE ! GREAT CIVILIZ$ 9V5TION ( ! DIVISION ( LABOR1 ONLY WE GIVE IT A FALSE NAME4 ,IT IS NOT1 TRULY SPEAK+1 ! LABOR ?AT IS DIVID$1 BUT ! M5 -- DIVID$ 9TO M]E SEGM5TS ( M5 -- BROK5 9TO SMALL FRAGM5TS & CRUMBS ( LIFE2 SO ?AT ALL ! LITTLE PIECE ( 9TELLIG5CE ?AT IS LEFT 9 A MAN IS NOT 5\< TO MAKE A P9 OR A NAIL1 BUT EXHAU/S ITSELF 9 MAK+ ! PO9T ( A P9 OR ! HEAD ( A NAIL4 ,N[1 IT IS A GOOD & DESIRABLE ?+1 TRULY1 TO MAKE MANY P9S A DAY2 BUT IF WE C\LD ONLY SEE ) :AT CRY/AL S& !IR PO9TS W]E POLI%$ -- S& ( HUMAN S\LS -- WE %\LD ?9K !RE MI<T BE SOME LOSS 9 IT ALSO4 

0,M5 MAY BE BEAT51 *A9$1 TORM5T$1 YOK$ LIKE CATTLE1 SLAU<T]$ LIKE SUMM] FLIES1 & YET REMA9 9 ONE S5SE1 & ! BE/ S5SE1 FREE4 ,BUT TO SMO!R !IR S\LS )9 !M1 TO BLI<T & HEW 9TO ROTT+ POLL>DS ! SUCKL+ BRAN*ES ( !IR HUMAN 9TELLIG5CE1 TO MAKE ! FLE% & SK9 4 4 4 9TO LEA!RN ?ONGS TO YOKE MA*9]Y ) -- ?IS IS TO BE SLAVE -- MA/]S 9DE$4 4 ,IT IS V]ILY ?IS DEGRADATION ( ! OP]ATIVE 9TO A MA*9E :I* IS LEAD+ ! MASS ( ! NATIONS 9TO VA91 9COH]5T1 DE/RUCTIVE /RUGGL+ = A FRE$OM ( :I* !Y CANNOT EXPLA9 ! NATURE TO !MSELVES4 ,!IR UNIV]SAL \TCRY AGA9/ WEAL? & AGA9/ NOBILITY IS NOT =C$ FROM !M EI!R BY ! PRESSURE ( FAM9E OR ! /+ ( MORTIFI$ PRIDE4 ,!SE DO MU* & HAVE DONE MU* 9 ALL AGES2 BUT ! F\NDATIONS ( SOCIETY W]E NEV] YET %AK5 AS !Y >E AT ?IS DAY4 

0,IT IS NOT ?AT M5 >E ILL-F$1 BUT ?AT !Y HAVE NO PLEASURE 9 ! WORK BY :I* !Y MAKE !IR BREAD1 &1 !RE=E1 LOOK TO WEAL? AS ! ONLY MEANS ( PLEASURE4 

0,IT IS NOT ?AT M5 >E PA9$ BY ! SCORN ( ! UPP] CLASSES1 BUT !Y CANNOT 5DURE !IR [N2 = !Y FEEL ?AT ! K9D ( LABOR TO :I* !Y >E CONDEMN$ IS V]ILY A DEGRAD+ ONE1 & MAKES !M LESS ?AN M54 ,NEV] HAD ! UPP] CLASSES SO MU* SYMPA?Y ) ! L[]1 OR *>ITY = !M1 AS !Y HAVE AT ?IS DAY1 & YET NEV] W]E !Y SO MU* HAT$ BY !M40 -- ,FROM ,! ,/ONES ( ,V5ICE1 BY ,JOHN ,RUSK91 ,VOL4 ,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,V,I41 88 #a#c-#a#f4 

,! ,S,L,A,V,],Y ,( ,\,R ,T,I,M,E,S 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I - ,G,O,O,D,S-,P,O,R,T,],S ,:,O ,W,O,R,K ,?,I,R,T,Y-,S,E,V,5 ,H,\,R,S 

,AN ACQUA9TANCE ( M9E :O WORKS ON ! ,MOSC[-,KURSK ,RAILWAY AS A WEI<]1 9 ! C\RSE ( CONV]SATION M5TION$ TO ME ?AT ! M5 :O LOAD ! GOODS ON TO HIS SCALES WORK = ?IRTY-SEV5 H\RS ON 5D4 

,?\< ,I HAD FULL CONFID5CE 9 ! SPEAK]'S TRU?FULNESS ,I WAS UNABLE TO BELIEVE HIM4 ,I ?\<T HE WAS MAK+ A MI/AKE1 OR EXAGG]AT+1 OR ?AT ,I MISUND]/OOD SOME?+4 

,BUT ! WEI<] N>RAT$ ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ?IS WORK IS DONE SO EXACTLY ?AT !RE WAS NO ROOM LEFT = D\BT4 ,HE TOLD ME ?AT !RE >E TWO HUNDR$ & FIFTY SU* GOODS-PORT]S AT ! ,KURSK /ATION 9 ,MOSC[4 ,!Y W]E ALL DIVID$ 9TO GANGS ( FIVE M51 & W]E ON PIECE-WORK1 RECEIV+ FROM ONE RUBLE TO ,R4 #a4#a#e 7SAY TWO %ILL+S TO TWO & F\RP5CE1 OR =TY-EI<T C5TS TO FIFTY-SIX C5TS7 = ONE ?\S& POODS 7OV] SIXTE5 TONS7 ( GOODS RECEIV$ OR DISPAT*$4 

,!Y COME 9 ! MORN+1 WORK = A DAY & A NI<T AT UNLOAD+ ! TRUCKS1 & 9 ! MORN+1 AS SOON AS ! NI<T IS 5D$1 !Y BEG9 TO RELOAD1 & WORK ON = ANO!R DAY4 ,SO ?AT 9 TWO DAYS !Y GET ONE NI<T'S SLEEP4 

,!IR WORK CONSI/S ( UNLOAD+ & MOV+ BALES ( SEV51 EI<T1 & UP TO T5 POODS 7SAY EI<TE5 .<#b#e#c LB4.>1 TW5TY .<#b#h LB4.>1 & UP TO NE>LY TW5TY-SIX /ONE .<#c#f#d LB4.>74 ,TWO M5 PLACE ! BALES ON ! BACKS ( ! O!R ?REE :O C>RY !M4 ,BY SU* WORK !Y E>N LESS ?AN A RUBLE 7#b %ILL+S .<#d#h C5TS.> A DAY4 ,!Y WORK CONT9UALLY )\T HOLIDAY4 

,! ACC\NT GIV5 BY ! WEI<] WAS SO CIRCUM/ANTIAL ?AT IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO D\BT IT1 BUT1 NEV]!LESS1 ,I DECID$ TO V]IFY IT ) MY [N EYES1 & ,I W5T TO ! ,GOODS ,/ATION4 

,F9D+ MY ACQUA9TANCE AT ! ,GOODS ,/ATION1 ,I TOLD HIM ?AT ,I HAD COME TO SEE :AT HE HAD TOLD ME AB\T4 

0,NO ONE ,I M5TION IT TO BELIEVES IT10 SAID ,I4 

,)\T REPLY+ TO ME1 ! WEI<] CALL$ TO SOME ONE 9 A %$4 0,NIKITA1 COME H]E40 

,FROM ! DOOR APPE>$ A TALL1 LEAN WORKMAN 9 A TORN COAT4 

0,:5 DID Y\ BEG9 WORK80 

0,:58 ,YE/]DAY MORN+40 

0,& :]E W]E Y\ LA/ NI<T80 

0,I WAS UNLOAD+1 ( C\RSE40 

0,DID Y\ WORK DUR+ ! NI<T80 ASK$ ,I4 

0,( C\RSE WE WORK$40 

0,& :5 DID Y\ BEG9 WORK TO-DAY80 

0,WE BEGAN 9 ! MORN+ -- :5 ELSE %\LD WE BEG980 

0,& :5 WILL Y\ F9I% WORK+80 

0,:5 !Y LET US GO2 !N WE %ALL F9I%60 

,! F\R O!R WORKM5 ( HIS GANG CAME UP TO US4 ,!Y ALL WORE TORN COATS & W]E )\T OV]COATS1 ?\< !RE W]E AB\T TW5TY DEGREES ,REAUMUR ( COLD 7?IRTE5 DEGREES BEL[ Z]O1 ,FAHR5HEIT74 

,I BEGAN TO ASK !M AB\T ! CONDITIONS ( !IR WORK1 & EVID5TLY SURPRIS$ !M BY TAK+ AN 9T]E/ 9 SU* A SIMPLE & NATURAL ?+ 7AS IT SEEM$ TO !M7 AS !IR ?IRTY-SIX H\R WORK4 

,!Y W]E ALL VILLAG]S2 = ! MO/ P>T FELL[ C\NTRYM5 ( MY [N -- FROM ,TULA2 SOME1 H[EV]1 W]E FROM ,ORLA1 & SOME FROM ,VORONE%4 ,!Y LIV$ 9 ,MOSC[ 9 LODG+S1 SOME ( !M ) !IR FAMILIES1 BUT MO/ ( !M )\T4 ,?OSE :O HAVE COME H]E ALONE S5D !IR E>N+S HOME TO ! VILLAGE4 

,!Y BO>D ) CONTRACTORS4 ,!IR FOOD CO/S !M T5 RUBLES 7SAY ,G,B,P#a #aS4 .<FIVE DOLL>S.> P] MON?74 ,!Y ALWAYS EAT MEAT1 DISREG>D+ ! FA/S4 ,!IR WORK ALWAYS KEEPS !M OCCUPI$ MORE ?AN H\RS RUNN+1 BECAUSE IT TAKES MORE ?AN HALF AN H\R TO GET TO !IR LODG+S & FROM !IR LODG+S1 &1 BESIDES1 !Y >E (T5 KEPT AT WORK BEYOND ! TIME FIX$4 

,PAY+ = !IR [N FOOD1 !Y E>N1 BY SU* ?IRTY-SEV5-H\R ON-5D WORK1 AB\T ,RS4 #be 7@&,P\ND#b1 #a#bS1 #fD47 A MON? 4 

,TO MY QUE/ION1 0,:Y !Y DID SU* CONVICT WORK80 !Y REPLI$ -- 

0,:]E IS ONE TO GO TO80 

0,BUT :Y WORK ?IRTY-SIX H\RS ON 5D8 ,CANNOT ! WORK BE >RANG$ 9 %IFTS80 

0,WE DO :AT WE'RE TOLD TO40 

0,YES2 BUT :Y DO Y\ AGREE TO IT80 

0,WE AGREE BECAUSE WE HAVE TO FE$ \RSELVES4 ',IF Y\ DON'T LIKE IT -- BE (F6' ,IF ONE'S EV5 AN H\R LATE1 ONE HAS ONE'S TICKET %I$ AT ONE1 & IS TOLD TO M>*2 & !RE >E T5 M5 READY TO TAKE ! PLACE40 

,! M5 W]E ALL Y\NG1 ONLY ONE WAS SOME:AT OLD]1 P]HAPS AB\T =TY4 ,ALL !IR FACES W]E LEAN1 & HAD EXHAU/$1 WE>Y EYES1 AS IF ! M5 W]E DRUNK4 ,! LEAN WORKMAN TO :OM ,I FIR/ SPOKE /RUCK ME ESPECIALLY BY ! /RANGE WE>9ESS ( HIS LOOK4 ,I ASK$ HIM :E!R HE HAD NOT BE5 DR9K+ TODAY4 

0,I DON'T DR9K10 ANSW]$ HE1 9 ! DECID$ WAY 9 :I* M5 :O REALLY DO NOT DR9K ALWAYS REPLY TO ?AT QUE/ION4 

0,& ,I DO NOT SMOKE10 ADD$ HE4 

0,DO ! O!RS DR9K80 ASK$ ,I4 

0,YES2 IT IS BR\<T H]E40 

0,! WORK IS NOT LI<T1 & A DR9K ALWAYS ADDS TO ONE'S /R5G?10 SAID ! OLD] WORKMAN4 

,?IS WORKMAN HAD BE5 DR9K+ ?AT DAY1 BUT IT WAS NOT 9 ! LEA/ NOTICEABLE4 

,AFT] SOME MORE TALK ) ! WORKM5 ,I W5T TO WAT* ! WORK4 

,PASS+ LONG R[S ( ALL SORTS ( GOODS1 ,I CAME TO SOME WORKM5 SL[LY PU%+ A LOAD$ TRUCK4 ,I LE>N$ AFT]W>DS ?AT ! M5 HAVE TO %UNT ! TRUCKS !MSELVES & TO KEEP ! PLAT=M CLE> ( SN[1 )\T BE+ PAID = ! WORK4 ,IT IS SO /AT$ 9 ! 0,CONDITIONS ( ,PAY40 ,!SE WORKM5 W]E JU/ AS TATT]$ & EMACIAT$ AS ?OSE ) :OM ,I HAD BE5 TALK+4 ,:5 !Y HAD MOV$ ! TRUCK TO ITS PLACE ,I W5T UP TO !M & ASK$ :5 !Y HAD BEGUN WORK1 & :5 !Y HAD D9$4 

,I WAS TOLD ?AT !Y HAD />T$ WORK AT SEV5 O'CLOCK1 & HAD ONLY JU/ D9$4 ,! WORK HAD PREV5T$ !IR BE+ LET (F SOON]4 

0,& :5 DO Y\ GET AWAY80 

0,AS IT HAPP5S2 SOMETIMES NOT TILL T5 O'CLOCK10 REPLI$ ! M51 AS IF BOA/+ ( !IR 5DURANCE4 ,SEE+ MY 9T]E/ 9 !IR POSITION1 !Y SURR\ND$ ME1 &1 PROBABLY TAK+ ME = AN 9SPECTOR1 SEV]AL ( !M SPEAK+ AT ONCE1 9=M$ ME ( :AT WAS EVID5TLY !IR *IEF SUBJECT ( COMPLA9T -- NAMELY1 ?AT ! AP>TM5T 9 :I* !Y C\LD SOMETIMES W>M !MSELVES & SNAT* AN H\R'S SLEEP BETWE5 ! DAY-WORK & ! NI<T-WORK WAS CR[D$4 ,ALL ( !M EXPRESS$ GREAT DISSATISFACTION AT ?IS CR[D+4 

0,!RE MAY BE ONE HUNDR$ M51 & NO:]E TO LIE D[N2 EV5 UND] ! %ELVES IT IS CR[D$10 SAID DISSATISFI$ VOICES4 0,HAVE A LOOK AT IT Y\RSELF -- IT IS CLOSE H]E40 

,! ROOM WAS C]TA9LY NOT L>GE 5\<4 ,9 ! ?IRTY-SIX-FOOT ROOM AB\T =TY M5 MI<T F9D PLACE TO LIE D[N ON ! %ELVES4 

,SOME ( ! M5 5T]$ ! ROOM ) ME1 & !Y VI$ ) EA* O!R 9 COMPLA9+ ( ! SCANT9ESS ( ! ACCOMMODATION4 

0,EV5 UND] ! %ELVES !RE IS NO:]E TO LIE D[N10 SAID !Y4 

,!SE M5 -- :O 9 TW5TY DEGREES ( FRO/1 )\T OV]COATS1 C>RY ON !IR BACKS TW5TY /ONE .<#b#d P\ND.> LOADS DUR+ ?IRTY-SIX H\RS2 :O D9E & SUP NOT :5 !Y NE$ FOOD1 BUT :5 !IR OV]SE] ALL[S !M TO EAT2 LIV+ ALTOGE!R 9 CONDITIONS F> WORSE ?AN ?OSE ( DRAY HORSES1 IT SEEM$ /RANGE ?AT !SE PEOPLE ONLY COMPLA9$ ( 9SUFFICI5T ACCOMMODATION 9 ! ROOM :]E !Y W>M !MSELVES4 ,BUT ?\< ?IS SEEM$ TO ME /RANGE AT FIR/1 YET1 5T]+ FUR!R 9TO !IR POSITION1 ,I UND]/OOD :AT A FEEL+ ( TORTURE !SE M51 :O NEV] GET 5\< SLEEP1 & :O >E HALF-FROZ51 MU/ EXP]I5CE :51 9/EAD ( RE/+ & BE+ W>M$1 !Y HAVE TO CREEP ON ! DIRTY FLOOR UND] ! %ELVES1 & !RE1 9 ! /UFFY & VITIAT$ AIR1 BECOME /ILL WEAK] & MORE BROK5 D[N4 

,ONLY1 P]HAPS1 9 ?AT MIS]ABLE H\R ( VA9 ATTEMPT TO GET RE/ & SLEEP DO !Y PA9FULLY REALIZE ALL ! HORROR ( !IR LIFE-DE/ROY+ ?IRTY-SEV5-H\R WORK1 & ?AT IS :Y !Y >E SPECIALLY AGITAT$ BY SU* AN APP>5TLY 9SIGNIFICANT CIRCUM/ANCE AS ! OV]CR[D+ ( !IR ROOM4 

,HAV+ WAT*$ SEV]AL GANGS AT WORK1 & HAV+ TALK$ ) SOME MORE ( ! M5 & HE>D ! SAME /ORY FROM !M ALL1 ,I DROVE HOME1 HAV+ CONV9C$ MYSELF ?AT :AT MY ACQUA9TANCE HAD TOLD ME WAS TRUE4 

,IT WAS TRUE ?AT = MONEY1 ONLY 5\< TO SUBSI/ ON1 PEOPLE CONSID]+ !MSELVES FREE M5 ?\<T IT NECESS>Y TO GIVE !MSELVES UP TO WORK SU* AS1 9 ! DAYS ( S]FDOM1 NOT ONE SLAVE-[N]1 H[EV] CRUEL1 W\LD HAVE S5T HIS SLAVES TO4 ,LET ALONE SLAVE-[N]S1 NOT ONE CAB-PROPRIETOR W\LD S5D HIS HORSES TO SU* WORK1 = HORSES CO/ MONEY1 & IT W\LD BE WA/EFUL1 BY EXCESSIVE1 ?IRTY-SEV5-H\R WORK1 TO %ORT5 ! LIFE ( AN ANIMAL ( VALUE4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I - ,S,O,C,I,E,T,Y',S ,9,D,I,F,F,],5,C,E ,:,I,L,E ,M,5 ,P,],I,% 

,TO OBLIGE M5 TO WORK = ?IRTY-SEV5 H\RS CONT9U\SLY )\T SLEEP1 BESIDES BE+ CRUEL IS ALSO UNECONOMICAL4 ,& YET SU* UNECONOMICAL EXP5DITURE ( HUMAN LIVES CONT9UALLY GOES ON >\ND US4 

,OPPOSITE ! H\SE 9 :I* ,I LIVE#a IS A FACTORY ( SILK GOODS1 BUILT ) ! LATE/ TE*NICAL IMPROVEM5TS4 ,AB\T ?REE ?\S& WOM5 & SEV5 HUNDR$ M5 WORK & LIVE !RE4 ,AS ,I SIT 9 MY ROOM N[ ,I HE> ! UNCEAS+ D9 ( ! MA*9]Y1 & KN[ -- = ,I HAVE BE5 !RE -- :AT ?AT D9 MEANS4 ,?REE ?\S& WOM5 /&1 = TWELVE H\RS A DAY1 AT ! LOOMS AMID A DEAF5+ RO>2 W9D+1 UNW9D+1 >RANG+ ! SILK ?READS TO MAKE SILK /UFFS4 ,ALL ! WOM5 7EXCEPT ?OSE :O HAVE JU/ COME FROM ! VILLAGES7 HAVE AN UNHEAL?Y APPE>ANCE4 ,MO/ ( !M LEAD A MO/ 9TEMP]ATE & IMMORAL LIFE4 ,ALMO/ ALL1 :E!R M>RI$ OR UNM>RI$1 AS SOON AS A *ILD IS BORN TO !M S5D IT (F EI!R TO ! VILLAGE OR TO ! ,F\NDL+S' ,HOSPITAL -- :]E #h P] C5T ( !SE *ILDR5 P]I%4 ,= FE> ( LOS+ !IR PLACES ! MO!RS RESUME WORK ! NEXT DAY1 OR ON ! ?IRD DAY AFT] !IR CONF9EM5T4 

,SO ?AT DUR+ TW5TY YE>S1 TO MY KN[L$GE1 T5S ( ?\S&S ( Y\NG1 HEAL?Y WOM5 -- MO!RS -- HAVE RU9$ & >E N[ RU9+ !IR LIVES & ! LIVES ( !IR *ILDR51 9 ORD] TO PRODUCE VELVETS & SILK /UFFS4 

,I MET A BEGG> YE/]DAY1 A Y\NG MAN ON CRUT*ES1 /URDILY BUILT1 BUT CRIPPL$4 ,HE US$ TO WORK AS A NAVVY1 ) A :EELB>R[1 BUT SLIPP$ & 9JUR$ HIMSELF 9T]NALLY4 ,HE SP5T ALL HE HAD ON PEASANT-WOM5 HEAL]S & ON DOCTORS1 & HAS N[ = EI<T YE>S BE5 HOMELESS1 BEGG+ HIS BREAD1 & COMPLA9+ ?AT ,GOD DOES NOT S5D HIM DEA?4 

,H[ MANY SU* SACRIFICES ( LIFE !RE >E ?AT WE EI!R KN[ NO?+ (1 OR KN[ (1 BUT H>DLY NOTICE1 CONSID]+ !M 9EVITABLE4 

,I KN[ M5 WORK+ AT ! BLA/-FURNACES ( ! ,TULA ,IRON ,F\NDRY :O1 TO HAVE ONE ,SUNDAY FREE EA* =TNI<T1 WILL WORK = TW5TY-F\R H\RS2 ?AT IS1 AFT] WORK+ ALL DAY !Y WILL GO ON WORK+ ALL NI<T4 ,I HAVE SE5 !SE M54 ,!Y ALL DR9K VODKA TO KEEP UP !IR 5]GY1 & OBVI\SLY1 LIKE ?OSE GOODS-PORT]S ON ! RAILWAY1 !Y QUICKLY EXP5D NOT ! 9T]E/1 BUT ! CAPITAL ( !IR LIVES4 

,& :AT ( ! WA/E ( LIVES AMONG ?OSE :O >E EMPLOY$ ON ADMITT$LY H>MFUL WORK1 9 LOOK+-GLASS1 C>DRIDGE1 MAT*1 SUG>1 TOBACCO1 & GLASS FACTORIES2 9 M9ES OR AS GILD]S8 

,!RE >E ,5GLI% /ATI/ICS %[+ ?AT ! AV]AGE L5G? ( LIFE AMONG PEOPLE ( ! UPP] CLASSES IS FIFTY-FIVE YE>S1 & ! AV]AGE ( LIFE AMONG WORK+ PEOPLE 9 UNHEAL?Y OCCUPATIONS IS TW5TY-N9E YE>S4 

,KN[+ ?IS 7& WE CANNOT HELP KN[+ IT71 WE :O TAKE ADVANTAGE ( LABOR ?AT CO/S HUMAN LIVES %\LD1 ONE W\LD ?9K 7UNLESS WE >E BEA/S71 NOT BE ABLE TO 5JOY A MOM5T'S PEACE4 ,BUT ! FACT IS ?AT WE -- WELL-TO-DO PEOPLE1 LIB]ALS & HUMANIT>IANS1 V]Y S5SITIVE TO ! SUFF]+S NOT ( PEOPLE ONLY1 BUT ALSO ( ANIMALS -- UNCEAS+LY MAKE USE ( SU* LABOR1 & TRY TO BECOME MORE & MORE RI*1 I4E4 TO TAKE MORE & MORE ADVANTAGE ( SU* WORK4 ,& WE REMA9 P]FECTLY TRANQUIL4 

,= 9/ANCE1 HAV+ LE>N$ ( ! ?IRTY-SEV5-H\R LABOR ( ! GOODS-PORT]S1 & ( !IR BAD ROOM1 WE AT ONCE S5D !RE AN 9SPECTOR1 :O RECEIVES A GOOD SAL>Y1 & WE =BID PEOPLE TO WORK MORE ?AN TWELVE H\RS1 LEAV+ ! WORKM5 7:O >E ?US DEPRIV$ ( ONE-?IRD ( !IR E>N+S7 TO FE$ !MSELVES AS BE/ !Y CAN2 & WE COMPEL ! ,RAILWAY ,COMPANY TO ]ECT A L>GE & CONV5I5T ROOM = ! WORKM54 ,!N ) P]FECTLY QUIET CONSCI5CES WE CONT9UE TO RECEIVE & DISPAT* GOODS BY ?AT RAILWAY1 & WE \RSELVES CONT9UE TO RECEIVE SAL>IES1 DIVID5DS1 R5TS FROM H\SES OR FROM L&1 ETC4 ,HAV+ LE>N$ ?AT ! WOM5 & GIRLS AT ! SILK FACTORY1 LIV+ F> FROM !IR FAMILIES1 RU9 !IR [N LIVES & ?OSE ( !IR *ILDR51 & ?AT A L>GE HALF ( ! WA%]WOM5 :O IRON \R />*$ %IRTS1 & ( ! TYPESETT]S :O PR9T ! BOOKS & PAP]S ?AT :ILE AWAY \R TIME1 GET CONSUMPTION -- WE ONLY %RUG \R %\LD]S & SAY ?AT WE >E V]Y SORRY ?+S %\LD BE SO1 BUT ?AT WE CAN DO NO?+ TO ALT] IT1 & WE CONT9UE ) TRANQUIL CONSCI5CES TO BUY SILK /UFFS1 TO WE> />*$ %IRTS & TO READ \R MORN+ PAP]4 ,WE >E MU* CONC]N$ AB\T ! H\RS ( ! %OP ASSI/ANTS1 & /ILL MORE AB\T ! LONG H\RS ( \R [N *ILDR5 AT S*OOL2 WE /RICTLY =BID C>T]S TO MAKE !IR HORSES DRAG HEAVY LOADS1 & WE EV5 ORGANIZE ! KILL+ ( CATTLE 9 SLAU<T]-H\SES1 SO ?AT ! ANIMALS MAY FEEL IT AS LITTLE AS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT H[ WOND]FULLY BL9D WE BECOME AS SOON AS ! QUE/ION CONC]NS ?OSE MILLIONS ( WORK]S :O P]I% SL[LY1 & (T5 PA9FULLY1 ALL >\ND US1 AT LABORS ! FRUITS ( :I* WE USE = \R CONV5I5CE & PLEASURE6 

,NOTES 

#a ,?IS EVID5TLY RELATES TO HIS WIFE'S H\SE 9 ,MOSC[1 :]E ,TOL/OY SP5DS ! W9T] MON?S4 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,I,I - ,J,U,/,I,F,I,C,A,T,I,O,N ,( ,! ,E,X,I,/,+ ,P,O,S,I,T,I,O,N ,B,Y ,S,C,I,5,C,E 

,?IS WOND]FUL BL9DNESS :I* BEFALLS PEOPLE ( \R CIRCLE CAN ONLY BE EXPLA9$ BY ! FACT ?AT :5 PEOPLE BEHAVE BADLY !Y ALWAYS 9V5T A PHILOSOPHY ( LIFE :I* REPRES5TS !IR BAD ACTIONS TO BE NOT BAD ACTIONS AT ALL1 BUT M]ELY RESULTS ( UNALT]ABLE LAWS BEYOND !IR CONTROL4 ,9 =M] TIMES SU* A VIEW ( LIFE WAS F\ND 9 ! !ORY ?AT AN 9SCRUTABLE & UNALT]ABLE WILL ( ,GOD EXI/$ :I* =EORDA9$ TO SOME M5 A HUMBLE POSITION & H>D WORK & TO O!RS AN EXALT$ POSITION & ! 5JOYM5T ( ! GOOD ?+S ( LIFE4 

,ON ?IS !ME AN 5ORM\S QUANTITY ( BOOKS W]E WRITT5 & AN 9NUM]ABLE QUANTITY ( S]MONS PREA*$4 ,! !ME WAS WORK$ UP FROM EV]Y POSSIBLE SIDE4 ,IT WAS DEMON/RAT$ ?AT ,GOD CREAT$ DIFF]5T SORTS ( PEOPLE3 SLAVES & MA/]S2 & ?AT BO? %\LD BE SATISFI$ ) !IR POSITION4 ,IT WAS FUR!R DEMON/RAT$ ?AT IT W\LD BE BETT] = ! SLAVES 9 ! NEXT WORLD2 & AFT]W>DS IT WAS %[N ?AT AL?\< ! SLAVES W]E SLAVES & \<T TO REMA9 SU*1 YET !IR CONDITION W\LD NOT BE BAD IF ! MA/]S W\LD BE K9D TO !M4 ,!N ! V]Y LA/ EXPLANATION1 AFT] ! EMANCIPATION ( ! SLAVES1#a WAS ?AT WEAL? IS 5TRU/$ BY ,GOD TO SOME PEOPLE 9 ORD] ?AT !Y MAY USE P>T ( IT 9 GOOD WORKS1 & SO !RE IS NO H>M 9 SOME PEOPLE'S BE+ RI* & O!RS POOR4 

,!SE EXPLANATIONS SATISFI$ ! RI* & ! POOR 7ESPECIALLY ! RI*7 = A LONG TIME4 ,BUT ! DAY CAME :5 !SE EXPLANATIONS BECAME UNSATISFACTORY1 ESPECIALLY TO ! POOR1 :O BEGAN TO UND]/& !IR POSITION4 ,!N FRE% EXPLANATIONS W]E NE$$4 ,& JU/ AT ! PROP] TIME !Y W]E PRODUC$4#b ,!SE NEW EXPLANATIONS CAME 9 ! =M ( SCI5CE3 POLITICAL ECONOMY1 :I* DECL>$ ?AT IT HAD DISCOV]$ ! LAWS :I* REGULATE DIVISION ( LABOR & ( ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! PRODUCTS ( LABOR AMONG M54 ,!SE LAWS1 ACCORD+ TO ?AT SCI5CE1 >E ?AT ! DIVISION ( LABOR & ! 5JOYM5T ( ITS PRODUCTS DEP5D ON SUPPLY & DEM&1 & CAPITAL1 R5T1 WAGES ( LABOR1 VALUES1 PR(ITS1 ETC42 9 G5]AL1 ON UNALT]ABLE LAWS GOV]N+ MAN'S ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES4 

,SOON1 ON ?IS !ME AS MANY BOOKS & PAMPHLETS W]E WRITT5 & LECTURES DELIV]$ AS !RE HAD BE5 TREATISES WRITT5 & RELIGI\S S]MONS PREA*$ ON ! =M] !ME1 & /ILL UNCEAS+LY M\NTA9S ( PAMPHLETS & BOOKS >E BE+ WRITT5 & LECTURES >E BE+ DELIV]$2 & ALL !SE BOOKS & LECTURES >E AS CL\DY & UN9TELLIGIBLE AS ! !OLOGICAL TREATISES & ! S]MONS1 & !Y1 TOO1 LIKE ! !OLOGICAL TREATISES1 FULLY A*IEVE !IR APPO9T$ PURPOSE1 I4E4 !Y GIVE SU* AN EXPLANATION ( ! EXI/+ ORD] ( ?+S AS JU/IFIES SOME PEOPLE 9 TRANQUILLY REFRA9+ FROM LABOR & 9 UTILIZ+ ! LABOR ( O!RS4 

,! FACT ?AT1 = ! 9VE/IGATIONS ( ?IS PSEUDO-SCI5CE1 NOT ! CONDITION ( ! PEOPLE 9 ! :OLE WORLD ?R\< ALL HI/ORIC TIME WAS TAK5 TO %[ ! G5]AL ORD] ( ?+S1 BUT ONLY ! CONDITION ( PEOPLE 9 A SMALL C\NTRY1 9 MO/ EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES -- ,5GL& AT ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? & ! BEG9N+ ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURIES#c -- ?IS FACT DID NOT 9 ! LEA/ H9D] ! ACCEPTANCE AS VALID ( ! RESULT TO :I* ! 9VE/IGATORS >RIV$2 ANY MORE ?AN A SIMIL> ACCEPTANCE IS N[ H9D]$ BY ! 5DLESS DISPUTES & DISAGREEM5TS AMONG ?OSE :O /UDY ?AT SCI5CE & >E QUITE UNABLE TO AGREE AS TO ! MEAN+ ( R5T1 SURPLUS VALUE1 PR(ITS1 ETC4 ,ONLY ! ONE FUNDAM5TAL POSITION ( ?AT SCI5CE IS ACKN[L$G$ BY ALL-NAMELY1 ?AT ! RELATIONS AMONG M5 >E CONDITION$1 NOT BY :AT PEOPLE CONSID] RI<T OR WRONG1 BUT BY :AT IS ADVANTAGE\S = ?OSE :O OCCUPY AN ADVANTAGE\S POSITION4 

,IT IS ADMITT$ AS AN UND\BT$ TRU? ?AT IF 9 SOCIETY MANY ?IEVES & ROBB]S HAVE SPRUNG UP :O TAKE FROM ! LABOR]S ! FRUITS ( !IR LABOR1 ?IS HAPP5S NOT BECAUSE ! ?IEVES & ROBB]S HAVE ACT$ BADLY1 BUT BECAUSE SU* >E ! 9EVITABLE ECONOMIC LAWS1 :I* CAN ONLY BE ALT]$ SL[LY BY AN EVOLUTION>Y PROCESS 9DICAT$ BY SCI5CE2 & !RE=E1 ACCORD+ TO ! GUIDANCE ( SCI5CE1 PEOPLE BELONG+ TO ! CLASS ( ROBB]S1 ?IEVES OR RECEIV]S ( /OL5 GOODS MAY QUIETLY CONT9UE TO UTILIZE ! ?+S OBTA9$ BY !FTS & ROBB]Y4 

,?\< ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE 9 \R WORLD DO NOT KN[ ! DETAILS ( !SE TRANQUILIZ+ SCI5TIFIC EXPLANATIONS ANY MORE ?AN !Y =M]LY KNEW ! DETAILS ( ! !OLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS :I* JU/IFI$ !IR POSITION1 YET !Y ALL KN[ ?AT AN EXPLANATION EXI/S2 ?AT SCI5TIFIC M51 WISE M51 HAVE PROV$ CONV9C+LY1 & CONT9UE TO PROVE1 ?AT ! EXI/+ ORD] ( ?+S IS :AT IT \<T TO BE1 & ?AT1 !RE=E1 WE MAY LIVE QUIETLY 9 ?IS ORD] ( ?+S )\T \RSELVES' TRY+ TO ALT] IT4 

,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY CAN ,I EXPLA9 ! AMAZ+ BL9DNESS ( GOOD PEOPLE 9 \R SOCIETY :O S9C]ELY DESIRE ! WELF>E ( ANIMALS1 BUT YET ) QUIET CONSCI5CES DEV\R ! LIVES ( !IR BRO!R M54 

,NOTES 

#a ,! S]FS 9 ,RUSSIA & ! SLAVES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ( ,AM]ICA W]E EMANCIPAT$ AT ! SAME TIME #a#h#f#a-#f#d4 7,TRANS474 

#b ,! FIR/ VOLUME ( ,K>L ,M>X'S ,KAPITAL APPE>$ 9 #a#h#f#g4 7,TRANS474 

#c ,COMP>E ,WALT] ,BAGEHOT'S WORDS 0,! WORLD :I* \R POLITICAL ECONOMI/S TREAT ( IS A V]Y LIMIT$ & PECULI> WORLD ALSO4 ,!Y 7PEOPLE7 (T5 IMAG9E ?AT :AT !Y READ IS APPLICABLE TO ALL /ATES ( SOCIETY1 & TO ALL EQUALLY2 :]EAS IT IS ONLY TRUE ( & ONLY PROV$ AS TO /ATES ( SOCIETY 9 :I* COMM]CE HAS L>GELY DEVELOP$1 & :]E IT HAS TAK5 ! =M ( DEVELOPM5T1 OR SOME?+ NE> ! =M1 :I* IT HAS TAK5 9 ,5GL&40 -- ,! ,PO/ULATES ( ,POLITICAL ,ECONOMY4 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,V - ,! ,A,S,S,],T,I,O,N ,( ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,C ,S,C,I,5,C,E ,?,A,T ,R,U,R,A,L ,L,A,B,O,R,],S ,M,U,/ ,5,T,] ,! ,F,A,C,T,O,R,Y ,S,Y,/,E,M 

,! !ORY ?AT IT IS ,GOD'S WILL ?AT SOME PEOPLE %\LD [N O!RS SATISFI$ PEOPLE = A V]Y LONG TIME4 ,BUT ?AT !ORY1 BY JU/IFY+ CRUELTY1 CAUS$ SU* CRUELTY AS EVOK$ RESI/ANCE1 & PRODUC$ D\BTS AS TO ! TRU? ( ! !ORY4 

,SO N[ ) ! !ORY ?AT AN ECONOMIC EVOLUTION IS PROGRESS+1 GUID$ BY 9EVITABLE LAWS1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( :I* SOME PEOPLE MU/ COLLECT CAPITAL1 & O!RS MU/ LABOR ALL !IR LIVES TO 9CREASE ?OSE CAPITALS1 PREP>+ !MSELVES MEAN:ILE = ! PROMIS$ COMMUNALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION2 ?IS !ORY1 CAUS+ SOME PEOPLE TO BE YET MORE CRUEL TO O!RS1 ALSO BEG9S 7ESPECIALLY AMONG COMMON PEOPLE NOT /UPEFI$ BY SCI5CE7 TO EVOKE C]TA9 D\BTS4 

,= 9/ANCE1 Y\ SEE GOODS-PORT]S DE/ROY+ !IR LIVES BY ?IRTY-SEV5 H\R LABOR OR WOM5 9 FACTORIES1 OR LAUNDRESSES1 OR TYPESETT]S1 OR ALL ?OSE MILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O LIVE 9 H>D1 UNNATURAL CONDITIONS ( MONOTON\S1 /UPEFY+1 SLAVI% TOIL1 & Y\ NATURALLY ASK3 :AT HAS BR\<T !SE PEOPLE TO SU* A /ATE8 ,& H[ >E !Y TO BE DELIV]$ FROM IT8 ,& SCI5CE REPLIES ?AT !SE PEOPLE >E 9 ?IS CONDITION BECAUSE ! RAILWAY BELONGS TO ?IS COMPANY1 ! SILK FACTORY TO ?AT G5TLEMAN1 & ALL ! F\NDRIES1 FACTORIES1 TYPOGRAPHIES1 & LAUNDRIES TO CAPITALI/S1 & ?AT ?IS /ATE ( ?+S WILL COME RI<T BY WORK-PEOPLE =M+ UNIONS1 COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES1 /RIKES1 & TAK+ P>T 9 GOV]NM5T1 & MORE & MORE SWAY+ ! MA/]S & ! GOV]NM5T TILL ! WORK]S FIR/ OBTA9 %ORT] H\RS & 9CREAS$ WAGES1 & F9ALLY ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION WILL PASS 9TO !IR H&S1 & !N -- ALL WILL BE WELL4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ALL IS GO+ ON AS IT %\LD GO1 & !RE IS NO NE$ TO ALT] ANY?+4 

,?IS ANSW] MU/ SEEM TO AN UNLE>N$ MAN1 & P>TICUL>LY TO \R ,RUSSIAN FOLK1 V]Y SURPRIS+4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 NEI!R 9 RELATION TO ! GOODS-PORT]S1 NOR ! FACTORY WOM51 NOR ALL ! MILLIONS ( O!R LABOR]S SUFF]+ FROM HEAVY1 UNHEAL?Y1 /UPEFY+ LABOR DOES ! POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION BY CAPITALI/S EXPLA9 ANY?+4 ,! AGRICULTURAL MEANS ( PRODUCTION ( ?OSE M5 :O >E N[ WORK+ AT ! RAILWAY HAVE NOT BE5 SEIZ$ BY CAPITALI/S3 !Y HAVE L&1 & HORSES1 & PL[S1 & H>R[S1 & ALL ?AT IS NECESS>Y TO TILL ! GR\ND2 ALSO !SE WOM5 WORK+ AT ! FACTORY >E NOT ONLY NOT =C$ TO IT BY BE+ DEPRIV$ ( !IR IMPLEM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y HAVE 7= ! MO/ P>T AGA9/ ! WI% ( ! ELD] MEMB]S ( !IR FAMILIES7 LEFT ! HOMES :]E !IR WORK WAS MU* WANT$1 & :]E !Y HAD IMPLEM5TS ( PRODUCTION4 

,MILLIONS ( WORK PEOPLE 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 O!R C\NTRIES >E 9 LIKE CASE4 ,SO ?AT ! CAUSE ( ! MIS]ABLE POSITION ( ! WORK]S CANNOT BE F\ND 9 ! SEIZURE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION BY CAPITALI/S4 ,! CAUSE MU/ LIE 9 ?AT :I* DRIVES !M FROM ! VILLAGES4 ,?AT1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,SECONDLY1 ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S FROM ?IS /ATE ( ?+S 7EV5 9 ?AT DI/ANT FUTURE 9 :I* SCI5CE PROMISES !M LIB]TY7 CAN BE ACCOMPLI%$ NEI!R BY %ORT5+ ! H\RS ( LABOR1 NOR BY 9CREAS+ WAGES1 NOR BY ! PROMIS$ COMMUNALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 

,ALL ?AT CANNOT IMPROVE !IR POSITION4 ,= ! MIS]Y ( ! LABOR]'S MIS]Y -- ALIKE ON ! RAILWAY1 9 ! SILK FACTORY & 9 EV]Y O!R FACTORY OR WORK%OP -- CONSI/S NOT 9 ! LONG] OR %ORT] H\RS ( WORK 7AGRICULTURI/S SOMETIMES WORK EI<TE5 H\RS A DAY1 & AS MU* AS ?IRTY-SIX H\RS ON 5D1 & CONSID] !IR LIVES HAPPY ONES72 NOR DOES IT CONSI/ 9 ! L[ RATE ( WAGES1 NOR 9 ! FACT ?AT ! RAILWAY OR ! FACTORY IS NOT !IRS1 BUT IT CONSI/S 9 ! FACT ?AT !Y >E OBLIG$ TO WORK 9 H>MFUL1 UNNATURAL CONDITIONS (T5 DANG]\S & DE/RUCTIVE TO LIFE1 & TO LIVE A B>RACKS LIFE 9 T[NS -- A LIFE FULL ( TEMPTATIONS & IMMORALITY -- & TO DO COMPULSORY LABOR AT ANO!R'S BIDD+4 

,LATT]LY ! H\RS ( LABOR HAVE DIM9I%$ & ! RATE ( WAGES HAS 9CREAS$2 BUT ?IS DIM9UTION ( ! H\RS ( LABOR & ?IS 9CREASE 9 WAGES HAVE NOT IMPROV$ ! POSITION ( ! WORK]1 IF ONE TAKES 9TO ACC\NT NOT !IR MORE LUXURI\S HABITS -- WAT*ES ) *A9S1 SILK K]*IEFS1 TOBACCO1 VODKA1 BEEF1 BE]1 ETC4 -- BUT !IR TRUE WELF>E1 I4E4 !IR HEAL? & MORALITY1 & *IEFLY !IR FRE$OM4 

,AT ! SILK FACTORY ) :I* ,I AM ACQUA9T$1 TW5TY YE>S AGO ! WORK WAS *IEFLY DONE BY M51 :O WORK$ F\RTE5 H\RS A DAY1 E>N$ ON AN AV]AGE FIFTE5 RUBLES A MON?1 & S5T ! MONEY = ! MO/ P>T TO !IR FAMILIES 9 ! VILLAGES4 ,N[ NE>LY ALL ! WORK IS DONE BY WOM5 WORK+ ELEV5 H\RS1 SOME ( :OM E>N AS MU* AS TW5TY-FIVE RUBLES A MON? 7OV] FIFTE5 RUBLES ON ! AV]AGE71 & = ! MO/ P>T NOT S5D+ IT HOME1 BUT SP5D ALL !Y E>N H]E *IEFLY ON DRESS1 DRUNK5NESS & VISE4 ,! DIM9UTION ( ! H\RS ( WORK M]ELY 9CREASES ! TIME !Y SP5D 9 ! TAV]NS4 

,! SAME ?+ IS HAPP5+1 TO A GREAT] OR LESS] EXT5T1 AT ALL ! FACTORIES & WORKS4 ,EV]Y:]E1 NOT)/&+ ! DIM9UTION ( ! H\RS ( LABOR & ! 9CREASE ( WAGES1 ! HEAL? ( ! OP]ATIVES IS WORSE ?AN ?AT ( C\NTRY WORK]S1 ! AV]AGE DURATION ( LIFE IS %ORT]1 & MORALITY IS SACRIFIC$1 AS CANNOT BUT OCCUR :5 PEOPLE >E TORN FROM ?OSE CONDITIONS :I* MO/ CONDUCE TO MORALITY3 FAMILY LIFE1 & FREE1 HEAL?Y1 V>I$ & 9TELLIGIBLE AGRICULTURAL WORK4 

,IT IS V]Y POSSIBLY TRUE ?AT1 AS SOME ECONOMI/S ASS]T1 ) %ORT] H\RS ( LABOR1 MORE PAY1 & IMPROV$ SANIT>Y CONDITIONS 9 MILLS & FACTORIES1 ! HEAL? ( ! WORK]S & !IR MORALITY IMPROVE 9 COMP>ISON ) ! =M] CONDITION ( FACTORY WORK]S4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ALSO ?AT LATT]LY1 & 9 SOME PLACES1 ! POSITION ( ! FACTORY H&S IS BETT] 9 EXT]NAL CONDITIONS ?AN ! POSITION ( ! C\NTRY POPULATION4 ,BUT ?IS IS SO 7& ONLY 9 SOME PLACES7 BECAUSE ! GOV]NM5T & SOCIETY1 9FLU5C$ BY ! AFFIRMATION ( SCI5CE1 DO ALL ?AT IS POSSIBLE TO IMPROVE ! POSITION ( ! FACTORY POPULATION AT ! EXP5SE ( ! C\NTRY POPULATION4 

,IF ! CONDITION ( ! FACTORY WORK]S 9 SOME PLACES IS 7?\< ONLY 9 EXT]NALS7 BETT] ?AN ?AT ( C\NTRY PEOPLE1 IT ONLY %[S ?AT ONE CAN1 BY ALL K9DS ( RE/RICTIONS1 R5D] LIFE MIS]ABLE 9 :AT %\LD BE ! BE/ EXT]NAL CONDITIONS1 & ?AT !RE IS NO POSITION SO UNNATURAL & BAD ?AT M5 MAY NOT ADAPT !MSELVES TO IT IF !Y REMA9 9 IT = SOME G5]ATIONS4 

,! MIS]Y ( ! POSITION ( A FACTORY H&1 & 9 G5]AL ( A T[N WORK]1 DOES NOT CONSI/ 9 HIS LONG H\RS & SMALL PAY1 BUT 9 ! FACT ?AT HE IS DEPRIV$ ( ! NATURAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 T\* ) NATURE1 IS DEPRIV$ ( FRE$OM1 IS COMPELL$ TO COMPULSORY & MONOTON\S TOIL AT ANO!R MAN'S WILL4 

,&1 !RE=E1 ! REPLY TO ! QUE/IONS1 :Y FACTORY & T[N WORK]S >E 9 A MIS]ABLE CONDITION1 & H[ TO IMPROVE !IR CONDITION1 CANNOT BE ?AT ?IS >ISES BECAUSE CAPITALI/S HAVE POSSESS$ !MSELVES ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & ?AT ! WORK]S' CONDITION WILL BE IMPROV$ BY DIM9I%+ !IR H\RS ( WORK1 9CREAS+ !IR WAGES1 & COMMUNALIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 

,! REPLY TO !SE QUE/IONS MU/ CONSI/ 9 9DICAT+ ! CAUSES :I* HAVE DEPRIV$ ! WORK]S ( ! NATURAL CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 T\* ) NATURE1 & HAVE DRIV5 !M 9TO FACTORY BONDAGE1 & 9 9DICAT+ MEANS TO FREE ! WORK]S FROM ! NECESSITY ( =EGO+ A FREE1 C\NTRY LIFE1 & GO+ 9TO SLAV]Y AT ! FACTORIES4 

,&1 !RE=E1 ! QUE/ION :Y T[N WORK]S >E 9 A MIS]ABLE CONDITION 9CLUDES1 FIR/ ( ALL1 ! QUE/ION3 :AT REASONS HAVE DRIV5 !M FROM ! VILLAGES1 :]E !Y & !IR ANCE/ORS HAVE LIV$ & MI<T LIVE1 :]E1 9 ,RUSSIA1 PEOPLE SU* AS !Y DO N[ LIVE8 & :AT IT IS ?AT DROVE & CONT9UES TO DRIVE !M AGA9/ !IR WILL TO ! FACTORIES & WORKS8 

,IF !RE >E WORKM51 AS 9 ,5GL&1 ,BELGIUM1 OR ,G]MANY1 :O = SOME G5]ATIONS HAVE LIV$ BY FACTORY WORK1 EV5 !Y LIVE SO NOT AT !IR [N FREE WILL1 BUT BECAUSE !IR FA!RS1 GR&FA!RS1 & GREAT-GR&FA!RS W]E1 9 SOME WAY1 COMPELL$ TO EX*ANGE ! AGRICULTURAL LIFE :I* !Y LOV$ = LIFE :I* SEEM$ TO !M H>D1 9 T[NS & 9 FACTORIES4 ,FIR/1 ! C\NTRY PEOPLE W]E DEPRIV$ ( !IR L& BY VIOL5CE1 SAYS ,K>L ,M>X1 W]E EVICT$ & BR\<T TO VAGABONDAGE1 & !N1 BY CRUEL LAWS1 !Y W]E TORTUR$ ) P9C]S1 ) R$-HOT IRONS1 & W]E :IPP$1 TO MAKE !M SUBMIT TO ! CONDITION ( BE+ HIR$ LABOR]S4 ,!RE=E1 ! QUE/ION H[ TO FREE ! WORK]S FROM !IR MIS]ABLE POSITION %\LD1 ONE W\LD ?9K1 NATURALLY LEAD TO ! QUE/ION H[ TO REMOVE ?OSE CAUSES :I* HAVE ALREADY DRIV5 SOME1 & >E N[ DRIV+ OR ?REAT5+ TO DRIVE1 ! RE/ ( ! PEASANTS FROM ! POSITION :I* !Y CONSID]$ & CONSID] GOOD1 & HAVE DRIV5 & >E DRIV+ !M TO A POSITION :I* !Y CONSID] BAD4 

,ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 AL?\< IT 9DICATES 9 PASS+ ! CAUSES ?AT DROVE ! PEASANTS FROM ! VILLAGES1 DOES NOT CONC]N ITSELF ) ! QUE/ION H[ TO REMOVE !SE CAUSES1 BUT DIRECTS ALL ITS ATT5TION TO ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! WORK]'S POSITION 9 ! EXI/+ FACTORIES & WORKS1 ASSUM+1 AS IT W]E1 ?AT ! WORK]'S POSITION AT !SE FACTORIES & WORK%OPS IS SOME?+ UNALT]ABLE1 SOME?+ :I* MU/ AT ALL CO/S BE MA9TA9$ = ?OSE :O >E ALREADY 9 ! FACTORIES1 & MU/ ABSORB ?OSE :O HAVE NOT YET LEFT ! VILLAGES OR AB&ON$ AGRICULTURAL WORK4 

,MOREOV]1 ECONOMIC SCI5CE IS SO SURE ?AT ALL ! PEASANTS HAVE 9EVITABLY TO BECOME FACTORY OP]ATIVES 9 T[NS1 ?AT ?\< ALL ! SAGES & ALL ! POETS ( ! WORLD HAVE ALWAYS PLAC$ ! IDEAL ( HUMAN HAPP9ESS 9 ! CONDITIONS ( AGRICULTURAL WORK1 -- ?\< ALL ! WORK]S :OSE HABITS >E UNP]V]T$ HAVE ALWAYS PREF]R$1 & /ILL PREF]1 AGRICULTURAL LABOR TO ANY O!R1 -- ?\< FACTORY WORK IS ALWAYS UNHEAL?Y & MONOTON\S1 :ILE AGRICULTURE IS ! MO/ HEAL?Y & V>I$1 -- ?\< AGRICULTURAL WORK IS FREE1#a ?AT IS1 ! PEASANT ALT]NATES TOIL & RE/ AT HIS [N WILL1 :ILE FACTORY WORK1 EV5 IF ! FACTORY BELONGS TO ! WORKM51 IS ALWAYS 5=C$1 9 DEP5D5CE ON ! MA*9ES1 -- ?\< FACTORY WORK IS D]IVATIVE1 :ILE AGRICULTURAL WORK IS FUNDAM5TAL1 & )\T IT NO FACTORY C\LD EXI/1 -- YET ECONOMIC SCI5CE AFFIRMS ?AT ALL ! C\NTRY PEOPLE NOT ONLY >E NOT 9JUR$ BY ! TRANSITION FROM ! C\NTRY TO ! T[N1 BUT !MSELVES DESIRE IT & /RIVE T[>DS IT4 

,NOTES 

#a ,9 ,RUSSIA1 AS 9 MANY O!R C\NTRIES1 ! GREAT] P>T ( ! AGRICULTURAL WORK /ILL IS DONE BY PEASANTS WORK+ !IR [N L& ON !IR [N ACC\NT4 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V - ,:,Y ,L,E,>,N,$ ,E,C,O,N,O,M,I,/,S ,A,S,S,],T ,:,A,T ,I,S ,F,A,L,S,E 

,H[EV] OBVI\SLY UNJU/ MAY BE ! ASS]TION ( ! M5 ( SCI5CE ?AT ! WELF>E ( HUMANITY MU/ CONSI/ 9 ! V]Y ?+ ?AT IS PR(\NDLY REPULSIVE TO HUMAN FEEL+S -- 9 MONOTON\S1 5=C$ FACTORY LABOR -- ! M5 ( SCI5CE W]E 9EVITABLY L$ TO ! NECESSITY ( MAK+ ?IS OBVI\SLY UNJU/ ASS]TION1 JU/ AS ! !OLOGIANS ( OLD W]E 9EVITABLY L$ TO MAKE ! EQUALLY EVID5T UNJU/ ASS]TION ?AT SLAVES & !IR MA/]S W]E CREATURES DIFF]+ 9 K9D1 & ?AT ! 9EQUALITY ( !IR POSITION 9 ?IS WORLD W\LD BE COMP5SAT$ 9 ! NEXT4 

,! CAUSE ( ?IS EVID5TLY UNJU/ ASS]TION IS ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE =MULAT$1 & :O >E =MULAT+1 ! LAWS ( SCI5CE BELONG TO ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES1 & >E SO ACCU/OM$ TO ! CONDITIONS1 ADVANTAGE\S = !MSELVES1 AMONG :I* !Y LIVE1 ?AT !Y DO NOT ADMIT ! ?\<T ?AT SOCIETY C\LD EXI/ UND] O!R CONDITIONS4 

,! CONDITION ( LIFE TO :I* PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES >E ACCU/OM$ IS ?AT ( AN ABUNDANT PRODUCTION ( V>I\S >TICLES NECESS>Y = !IR COM=T & PLEASURE1 & !SE ?+S >E OBTA9$ ONLY ?ANKS TO ! EXI/5CE ( FACTORIES & WORKS ORGANIZ$ AS AT PRES5T4 ,&1 !RE=E1 DISCUSS+ ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! WORK]S' POSITION1 ! M5 ( SCI5CE BELONG+ TO ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES ALWAYS HAVE 9 VIEW ONLY SU* IMPROVEM5TS AS WILL NOT DO AWAY ) ! SY/EM ( FACTORY-PRODUCTION & ?OSE CONV5I5CES ( :I* !Y AVAIL !MSELVES4 

,EV5 ! MO/ ADVANC$ ECONOMI/S -- ! ,SOCIALI/S1 :O DEM& ! COMPLETE CONTROL ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION = ! WORK]S -- EXPECT PRODUCTION ( ! SAME OR ALMO/ ( ! SAME >TICLES AS >E PRODUC$ N[ TO CONT9UE 9 ! PRES5T OR 9 SIMIL> FACTORIES ) ! PRES5T DIVISION ( LABOR4 

,! DIFF]5CE1 AS !Y IMAG9E IT1 WILL ONLY BE ?AT 9 ! FUTURE NOT !Y ALONE1 BUT ALL M51 WILL MAKE USE ( SU* CONV5I5CES AS !Y ALONE N[ 5JOY4 ,!Y DIMLY PICTURE TO !MSELVES ?AT1 ) ! COMMUNALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 !Y1 TOO -- M5 ( SCI5CE1 & 9 G5]AL ! RUL+ CLASSES -- WILL DO SOME WORK1 BUT *IEFLY AS MANAG]S1 DESIGN]S1 SCI5TI/S OR >TI/S4 ,TO ! QUE/IONS1 :O WILL HAVE TO WE> A MUZZLE & MAKE :ITE LEAD8 :O WILL BE /OK]S1 M9]S1 & CESSPOOL CLEAN]S8 !Y >E EI!R SIL5T1 OR =ETELL ?AT ALL !SE ?+S WILL BE SO IMPROV$ ?AT EV5 WORK AT CESSPOOLS & UND]GR\ND WILL AF=D PLEASANT OCCUPATION4 ,?AT IS H[ !Y REPRES5T TO !MSELVES FUTURE ECONOMIC CONDITIONS1 BO? 9 ,UTOPIAS SU* AS ?AT ( ,BELLAMY & 9 SCI5TIFIC WORKS4 

,ACCORD+ TO !IR !ORIES1 ! WORK]S WILL ALL JO9 UNIONS & ASSOCIATIONS1 & CULTIVATE SOLID>ITY AMONG !MSELVES BY UNIONS1 /RIKES1 & P>TICIPATION 9 ,P>LIAM5T TILL !Y OBTA9 POSSESSION ( ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 AS WELL AS ! L&1 & !N !Y WILL BE SO WELL F$1 SO WELL DRESS$1 & 5JOY SU* AMUSEM5TS ON HOLIDAYS ?AT !Y WILL PREF] LIFE 9 T[N1 AMID BRICK BUILD+S & SMOK+ *IMNEYS1 TO FREE VILLAGE LIFE AMID PLANTS & DOME/IC ANIMALS2 & MONOTON\S1 BELL-REGULAT$ MA*9E WORK TO ! V>I$1 HEAL?Y1 & FREE AGRICULTURAL LABOR4 

,?\< ?IS ANTICIPATION IS AS IMPROBABLE AS ! ANTICIPATION ( ! !OLOGIANS AB\T A HEAV5 TO BE 5JOY$ H]EAFT] BY WORKM5 9 COMP5SATION = !IR H>D LABOR H]E1 YET LE>N$ & $UCAT$ PEOPLE ( \R SOCIETY BELIEVE ?IS /RANGE TEA*+1 JU/ AS =M]LY WISE & LE>N$ PEOPLE BELIEV$ 9 A HEAV5 = WORKM5 9 ! NEXT WORLD4 

,& LE>N$ M5 & !IR DISCIPLES -- PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES -- BELIEVE ?IS BECAUSE !Y MU/ BELIEVE IT4 ,?IS DILEMMA /&S BE=E !M3 EI!R !Y MU/ SEE ?AT ALL ?AT !Y MAKE USE ( 9 !IR LIVES1 FROM RAILWAYS TO LUCIF] MAT*ES & CIG>ETTES1 REPRES5TS LABOR :I* CO/S ! LIVES ( !IR BRO!R M51 & ?AT !Y1 NOT %>+ 9 ?AT TOIL1 BUT MAK+ USE ( IT1 >E V]Y DI%ONORABLE M52 OR !Y MU/ BELIEVE ?AT ALL ?AT TAKES PLACE TAKES PLACE = ! G5]AL ADVANTAGE 9 ACCORD ) UNALT]ABLE LAWS ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE4 ,!RE9 LIES ! 9N] PSY*OLOGICAL CAUSE1 COMPELL+ M5 ( SCI5CE1 M5 WISE & $UCAT$1 BUT NOT 5LI<T5$1 TO AFFIRM POSITIVELY & T5ACI\SLY SU* AN OBVI\S UNTRU? AS ?AT ! LABOR]S1 = !IR [N WELL-BE+1 %\LD LEAVE !IR HAPPY & HEAL?Y LIFE 9 T\* ) NATURE1 & GO TO RU9 !IR BODIES & S\LS 9 FACTORIES & WORK%OPS4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I - ,B,A,N,K,R,U,P,T,C,Y ,( ,! ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,/ ,I,D,E,A,L 

,BUT EV5 ALL[+ ! ASS]TION 7EVID5TLY UNF\ND$ AS IT IS1 & CONTR>Y TO ! FACTS ( HUMAN NATURE7 ?AT IT IS BETT] = PEOPLE TO LIVE 9 T[NS & TO DO COMPULSORY MA*9E WORK 9 FACTORIES RA!R ?AN TO LIVE 9 VILLAGES & WORK FREELY AT H&ICRAFTS1 !RE REMA9S1 9 ! V]Y IDEAL ITSELF1 TO :I* ! M5 ( SCI5CE TELL US ! ECONOMIC REVOLUTION IS LEAD+1 AN 9SOLUBLE CONTRADICTION4 ,! IDEAL IS ?AT ! WORK]S1 HAV+ BECOME ! MA/]S ( ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 >E TO OBTA9 ALL ! COM=TS & PLEASURES N[ POSSESS$ BY WELL-TO-DO PEOPLE4 ,!Y WILL ALL BE WELL CLO!D1 & H\S$1 & WELL N\RI%$1 & WILL ALL WALK ON ELECTRICALLY LI<T$1 ASPHALT /REETS1 & FREQU5T CONC]TS & !AT]S1 & READ PAP]S & BOOKS1 & RIDE ON MOTOR C>S1 ETC4 ,BUT ?AT EV]YBODY MAY HAVE C]TA9 ?+S1 ! PRODUCTION ( ?OSE ?+S MU/ BE APPORTION$1 & CONSEQU5TLY IT MU/ BE DECID$ H[ LONG EA* WORKMAN IS TO WORK4 

,H[ IS ?AT TO BE DECID$8 

,/ATI/ICS MAY %[ 7?\< V]Y IMP]FECTLY7 :AT PEOPLE REQUIRE 9 A SOCIETY FETT]$ BY CAPITAL1 BY COMPETITION1 & BY WANT4 ,BUT NO /ATI/ICS CAN %[ H[ MU* IS WANT$ & :AT >TICLES >E NE$$ TO SATISFY ! DEM& 9 A SOCIETY :]E ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION WILL BELONG TO ! SOCIETY ITSELF1 I4E4 :]E ! PEOPLE WILL BE FREE4 

,! DEM&S 9 SU* A SOCIETY CANNOT BE DEF9$1 & !Y WILL ALWAYS 9F9ITELY EXCE$ ! POSSIBILITY ( SATISFY+ !M4 ,EV]YBODY WILL WI% TO HAVE ALL ?AT ! RI*E/ N[ POSSESSES1 &1 !RE=E1 IT IS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE TO DEF9E ! QUANTITY ( GOODS ?AT SU* A SOCIETY WILL REQUIRE4 

,FUR!RMORE1 H[ >E PEOPLE TO BE 9DUC$ TO WORK AT >TICLES :I* SOME CONSID] NECESS>Y & O!RS CONSID] UNNECESS>Y OR EV5 H>MFUL8 

,IF IT BE F\ND NECESS>Y = EV]YBODY TO WORK1 SAY SIX H\RS A DAY1 9 ORD] TO SATISFY ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! SOCIETY1 :O 9 A FREE SOCIETY CAN COMPEL A MAN WORK ?OSE SIX H\RS1 IF HE KN[S ?AT P>T ( ! TIME IS SP5T 9 PRODUC+ ?+S HE CONSID]S UNNECESS>Y OR EV5 H>MFUL8 

,IT IS UND5IABLE ?AT UND] ! PRES5T /ATE ( ?+S MO/ V>I$ >TICLES >E PRODUC$ ) GREAT ECONOMY ( EX]TION1 ?ANKS TO MA*9]Y1 & ?ANKS ESPECIALLY TO ! DIVISION ( LABOR :I* HAS BE5 BR\<T TO AN EXTREME NICETY & C>RI$ TO ! HI<E/ P]FECTION1 & ?AT ?OSE >TICLES >E PR(ITABLE TO ! MANUFACTUR]S1 & ?AT WE F9D !M CONV5I5T & PLEASANT TO USE4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT !SE >TICLES >E WELL MADE & >E PRODUC$ ) LITTLE EXP5DITURE ( /R5G?1 ?AT !Y >E PR(ITABLE TO ! CAPITALI/S & CONV5I5T = US1 DOES NOT PROVE ?AT FREE M5 W\LD1 )\T COMPULSION1 CONT9UE TO PRODUCE !M4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ,KRUPP1 ) ! PRES5T DIVISION ( LABOR1 MAKES ADMIRABLE CANNONS V]Y QUICKLY & >TFULLY2 ,N4 ,M4 V]Y QUICKLY & >TFULLY PRODUCES SILK MAT]IALS2 ,X1 ,Y1 & ,Z4 PRODUCE TOILET-SC5TS1 P[D] TO PRES]VE ! COMPLEXION1 OR GLAZ$ PACKS ( C>DS1 & ,K4 PRODUCES :ISKEY ( *OICE FLAVOR1 ETC42 &1 NO D\BT1 BO? = ?OSE :O WANT !SE >TICLES & = ! [N]S ( ! FACTORIES 9 :I* !Y >E MADE IT IS V]Y ADVANTAGE\S4 ,BUT CANNONS & SC5TS & :ISKEY >E WANT$ BY ?OSE :O WI% TO OBTA9 CONTROL ( ! ,*9ESE M>KET1 OR :O LIKE TO GET DRUNK1 OR >E CONC]N$ AB\T !IR COMPLEXIONS2 BUT !RE WILL BE SOME :O CONSID] ! PRODUCTION ( !SE >TICLES H>MFUL4 ,& !RE WILL ALWAYS BE PEOPLE :O CONSID] ?AT BESIDES !SE >TICLES1 EXHIBITIONS1 ACADEMIES1 BE] & BEEF >E UNNECESS>Y & EV5 H>MFUL4 ,H[ >E !SE PEOPLE TO BE MADE TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( SU* >TICLES8 

,BUT EV5 IF A MEANS C\LD BE F\ND TO GET ALL TO AGREE TO PRODUCE C]TA9 >TICLES 7?\< !RE IS NO SU* MEANS1 & CAN BE NONE1 EXCEPT CO]CION71 :O1 9 A FREE SOCIETY1 )\T CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION1 COMPETITION1 & ITS LAW ( SUPPLY & DEM&1 WILL DECIDE :I* >TICLES >E TO HAVE ! PREF]5CE8 ,:I* >E TO BE MADE FIR/1 & :I* AFT]8 ,>E WE FIR/ TO BUILD ! ,SIB]IAN ,RAILWAY & =TIFY ,PORT ,>?UR1 & !N MACADAMIZE ! ROADS 9 \R C\NTRY DI/RICTS1 OR VISE-V]SA8 ,:I* IS TO COME FIR/1 ELECTRIC LI<T+ OR IRRIGATION ( ! FIELDS8 ,& !N COMES ANO!R QUE/ION1 9SOLUBLE ) FREE WORKM53 :I* M5 >E TO DO :I* WORK8 ,EVID5TLY ALL WILL PREF] HAYMAK+ OR DRAW+ TO /OK+ OR CESSPOOL CLEAN+4 ,H[1 9 APPORTION+ ! WORK1 >E PEOPLE TO BE 9DUC$ TO AGREE8 

,NO /ATI/ICS CAN ANSW] !SE QUE/IONS4 ,! SOLUTION CAN BE ONLY !ORETICAL3 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT !RE WILL BE PEOPLE TO :OM P[] WILL BE GIV5 TO REGULATE ALL !SE MATT]S4 ,SOME PEOPLE WILL DECIDE !SE QUE/IONS & O!RS WILL OBEY !M4 

,BUT BESIDES ! QUE/IONS ( APPORTION+ & DIRECT+ PRODUCTION & ( SELECT+ WORK1 :5 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E COMMUNALIZ$1 !RE WILL BE ANO!R & MO/ IMPORTANT QUE/ION1 AS TO ! DEGREE ( DIVISION ( LABOR ?AT CAN BE E/ABLI%$ 9 A SOCIALI/ICALLY ORGANIZ$ SOCIETY4 ,! N[ EXI/+ DIVISION ( LABOR IS CONDITION$ BY ! NECESSITIES ( ! WORK]S4 ,A WORK] ONLY AGREES TO LIVE ALL HIS LIFE UND]GR\ND1 OR TO MAKE ! ONE-HUNDR$? P>T ( ONE >TICLE ALL HIS LIFE1 OR TO MOVE HIS H&S UP & D[N AMID ! RO> ( MA*9]Y ALL HIS LIFE1 BECAUSE HE WILL O!RWISE NOT HAVE MEANS TO LIVE4 ,BUT IT WILL ONLY BE BY COMPULSION ?AT A WORKMAN1 [N+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & NOT SUFF]+ WANT1 CAN BE 9DUC$ TO ACCEPT SU* /UPEFY+ & S\L-DE/ROY+ CONDITIONS ( LABOR AS ?OSE 9 :I* PEOPLE N[ WORK4 ,DIVISION ( LABOR IS UND\BT$LY V]Y PR(ITABLE & NATURAL TO PEOPLE2 BUT IF PEOPLE >E FREE1 DIVISION ( LABOR IS ONLY POSSIBLE UP TO A C]TA9 V]Y LIMIT$ EXT5T1 :I* HAS BE5 F> OV]/EPP$ 9 \R SOCIETY4 

,IF ONE PEASANT OCCUPIES HIMSELF *IEFLY ) BOOTMAK+1 & HIS WIFE WEAVES1 & ANO!R PEASANT PL[S1 & A ?IRD IS A BLACKSMI?1 & !Y ALL1 HAV+ ACQUIR$ SPECIAL DEXT]ITY 9 !IR [N WORK1 AFT]W>DS EX*ANGE :AT !Y HAVE PRODUC$1 SU* DIVISION ( LABOR IS ADVANTAGE\S TO ALL1 & FREE PEOPLE WILL NATURALLY DIVIDE !IR WORK 9 ?IS WAY4 ,BUT A DIVISION ( LABOR BY :I* A MAN MAKES ONE ONE-HUNDR$? ( AN >TICLE1 OR A /OK] WORKS 9 #ad DEGREES 7,FAHR5HEIT7 ( HEAT1 OR IS *OK$ ) H>MFUL GASES -- SU* DIVISIONS ( LABOR IS DISADVANTAGE\S1 BECAUSE ?\< IT FUR!RS ! PRODUCTION ( 9SIGNIFICANT >TICLES1 IT DE/ROYS ?AT :I* IS MO/ PRECI\S --! LIFE ( MAN4 ,&1 !RE=E1 SU* DIVISION ( LABOR AS N[ EXI/S CAN ONLY EXI/ :]E !RE IS COMPULSION4 ,RODB]TUS#a SAYS ?AT COMMUNAL DIVISION ( LABOR UNITES MANK9D4 ,?AT IS TRUE1 BUT IT IS ONLY FREE DIVISION -- SU* AS PEOPLE VOLUNT>ILY ADOPT -- ?AT UNITES4 

,IF PEOPLE DECIDE TO MAKE A ROAD1 & ONE DIGS1 ANO!R BR+S /ONES1 A ?IRD BREAKS !M1 ETC41 ?AT SORT ( DIVISION ( WORK UNITES PEOPLE4 

,BUT IF1 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! WI%ES1 & SOMETIMES AGA9/ ! WI%ES1 ( ! WORK]S1 A /RATEGICAL RAILWAY IS BUILT1 OR AN ,EIFFEL T[]1 OR /UPIDITIES SU* AS FILL ! ,P>IS EXHIBITION2 & ONE WORKMAN IS COMPELL$ TO OBTA9 IRON1 ANO!R TO DIG COAL1 A ?IRD TO MAKE CA/+S1 A F\R? TO CUT D[N TREES1 & A FIF? TO SAW !M UP1 )\T EV5 HAV+ ! LEA/ IDEA :AT ! ?+S !Y >E MAK+ >E WANT$ =1 !N SU* DIVISION ( LABOR NOT ONLY DOES NOT UNITE M51 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT DIVIDES !M4 

,&1 !RE=E1 ) COMMUNALIZ$ IMPLEM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 IF PEOPLE >E FREE1 !Y WILL ONLY ADOPT DIVISION ( LABOR 9 SO F> AS ! GOOD RESULT+ WILL \TWEI< ! EVILS IT OCCASIONS TO ! WORK]S4 ,& AS EA* MAN NATURALLY SEES GOOD 9 EXT5D+ & DIV]SIFY+ HIS ACTIVITIES1 SU* DIVISION ( LABOR AS N[ EXI/S WILL EVID5TLY BE IMPOSSIBLE 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 

,TO SUPPOSE ?AT ) COMMUNALIZ$ MEANS ( PRODUCTION !RE WILL BE SU* AN ABUNDANCE ( ?+S AS IS N[ PRODUC$ BY COMPULSORY DIVISION ( LABOR IS LIKE SUPPOS+ ?AT AFT] ! EMANCIPATION ( ! S]FS ! DOME/IC OR*E/RAS & !AT]S1 ! HOME-MADE C>PETS & LACES & ! ELAB\RATE G>D5S :I* DEP5D$ ON S]F-LABOR W\LD CONT9UE TO EXI/ AS BE=E4 ,SO ?AT ! SUPPOSITION ?AT :5 ! ,SOCIALI/ IDEAL IS REALIZ$ EV]Y ONE WILL BE FREE1 & WILL AT ! SAME TIME HAVE AT HIS DISPOSAL EV]Y?+1 OR ALMO/ EV]Y?+1 ?AT IS N[ MADE USE ( BY ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES1 9VOLVES AN OBVI\S SELF-CONTRADICTION4 

,NOTES 

#a ,A LEAD] ( ,G]MAN SCI5TIFIC ,SOCIALISM 7#a#h#e-#g#e74 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I - ,C,U,L,T,U,R,E ,O,R ,F,R,E,$,O,M 

,JU/ :AT HAPP5$ :5 S]FDOM EXI/$ IS N[ BE+ REPEAT$4 ,!N ! MAJORITY ( ! S]F-[N]S & ( PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES1 IF !Y ACKN[L$G$ ! S]F'S POSITION TO BE NOT QUITE SATISFACTORY1 YET RECOMM5D$ ONLY SU* ALT]ATIONS AS W\LD NOT DEPRIVE ! [N]S ( :AT WAS ESS5TIAL TO !IR PR(IT2 N[1 PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES1 ADMITT+ ?AT ! POSITION ( ! WORK]S IS NOT ALTOGE!R SATISFACTORY1 PROPOSE = ITS AM5DM5T ONLY SU* MEASURES AS WILL NOT DEPRIVE ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES ( !IR ADVANTAGES4 ,AS WELL-DISPOS$ [N]S !N SPOKE ( 0PAT]NAL AU?ORITY10 &1 LIKE ,GOGOL1#a ADVIS$ [N]S TO BE K9D TO !IR S]FS1 & TO TAKE C>E ( !M1 BUT W\LD NOT TOL]ATE ! IDEA ( EMANCIPATION1#b CONSID]+ IT H>MFUL & DANG]\S1 JU/ SO ! MAJORITY ( WELL-TO-DO PEOPLE TO-DAY ADVISE EMPLOY]S TO LOOK AFT] ! WELL-BE+ ( !IR WORK PEOPLE1 BUT DO NOT ADMIT ! ?\<T ( ANY SU* ALT]ATION ( ! ECONOMIC /RUCTURE ( LIFE AS W\LD SET ! LABOR]S QUITE FREE4 

,& JU/ AS ADVANC$ ,LIB]ALS !N1 :ILE CONSID]+ S]FDOM TO BE AN IMMUTABLE >RANGEM5T1 DEM&$ ?AT ! GOV]NM5T %\LD LIMIT ! P[] ( ! [N]S1 & SYMPA?IZ$ ) ! S]FS' AGITATION1 SO ! ,LIB]ALS ( TODAY1 :ILE CONSID]+ ! EXI/+ ORD] IMMUTABLE DEM& ?AT ,GOV]NM5T %\LD LIMIT ! P[]S ( CAPITALI/S & MANUFACTUR]S1 & !Y SYMPA?IZE ) UNIONS1 & /RIKES1 &1 9 G5]AL1 ) ! WORK]S' AGITATION4 ,& JU/ AS ! MO/ ADVANC$ M5 !N DEM&$ ! EMANCIPATION ( ! S]FS1 BUT DREW UP A PROJECT :I* LEFT ! S]FS DEP5D5T ON PRIVATE L&[N]S1 OR FETT]$ !M ) TRIBUTES & L&-TAXES -- SO N[ ! MO/ ADVANC$ PEOPLE DEM& ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORKM5 FROM ! P[] ( ! CAPITALI/S1 ! COMMUNALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 BUT YET W\LD LEAVE ! WORK]S DEP5D5T ON ! PRES5T APPORTIONM5T & DIVISION ( LABOR1 :I*1 9 !IR OP9ION1 MU/ REMA9 UNALT]$4 ,! TEA*+S ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE :I* >E ADOPT$1 ?\< )\T CLOSELY EXAM9+ !IR DETAILS BY ALL ?OSE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES :O CONSID] !MSELVES 5LI<T5$ & ADVANC$1 SEEM ON A SUP]FICIAL EXAM9ATION TO BE LIB]AL & EV5 RADICAL1 CONTA9+ AS !Y DO ATTACKS ON ! WEAL?Y CLASSES ( SOCIETY2 BUT ESS5TIALLY ?AT TEA*+ IS 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE CONS]VATIVE1 GROSS & CRUEL4 ,ONE WAY OR ANO!R ! M5 ( SCI5CE1 & 9 !IR TRA9 ALL ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES1 WI% AT ALL CO/ TO MA9TA9 ! PRES5T SY/EM ( DI/RIBUTION & DIVISION ( LABOR1 :I* MAKES POSSIBLE ! PRODUCTION ( ?AT GREAT QUANTITY ( GOODS :I* !Y MAKE USE (4 ,! EXI/+ ECONOMIC ORD] IS -- BY ! M5 ( SCI5CE &1 FOLL[+ !M1 BY ALL ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES -- CALL$ CULTURE2 & 9 ?IS CULTURE3 RAILWAYS1 TELEGRAPHS1 TELEPHONES1 PHOTOGRAPHS1 ,RO5TG5 RAYS1 CL9ICAL HOSPITALS1 EXHIBITIONS1 &1 *IEFLY1 ALL ! APPLIANCES ( COM=T -- !Y SEE SOME?+ SO SACROSANCT ?AT !Y WILL NOT ALL[ EV5 A ?\<T ( ALT]ATIONS :I* MI<T DE/ROY IT ALL1 OR BUT 5DANG] A SMALL P>T ( !SE ACQUISITIONS4 ,EV]Y?+ MAY1 ACCORD+ TO ! TEA*+S ( ?AT SCI5CE1 BE *ANG$ EXCEPT :AT IT CALLS CULTURE4 ,BUT IT BECOMES MORE & MORE EVID5T ?AT ?IS CULTURE CAN EXI/ ONLY :ILE ! WORK]S >E COMPELL$ TO WORK4 ,YET M5 ( SCI5CE >E SO SURE ?AT ?IS CULTURE IS ! GREATE/ ( BLESS+S ?AT !Y BOLDLY PROCLAIM ! CONTR>Y ( :AT ! LAWY]S ONCE SAID3 FIAT JU/ITIA1 P]EAT MUNDUS#d ,!Y N[ SAY3 FIAT CULTURA1 P]EAT JU/ITIA4#e ,& !Y NOT ONLY SAY IT1 BUT ACT ACCORD+LY4 ,EV]Y?+ MAY BE *ANG$ 9 PRACTICE & 9 !ORY1 BUT NOT CULTURE2 NOT ALL ?AT IS GO+ ON 9 WORK%OPS & FACTORIES1 & C]TA9LY NOT :AT IS BE+ SOLD 9 ! %OPS4 

,BUT ,I ?9K ?AT 5LI<T5$ PEOPLE1 PR(ESS+ ! ,*RI/IAN LAW ( BRO!RHOOD & LOVE TO ONE'S NEI<BOR1 %\LD SAY JU/ ! CONTR>Y4 

,ELECTRIC LI<TS & TELEPHONES & EXHIBITIONS >E EXCELL5T1 & SO >E ALL ! PLEASURE-G>D5S1 ) CONC]TS & P]=MANCES1 & ALL ! CIG>S1 & MAT*-BOXES1 & BRACES1 & MOTOR C>S1 BUT !Y MAY ALL GO TO P]DITION1 & NOT !Y ALONE1 BUT ! RAILWAYS1 & ALL ! FACTORY-MADE *9TZ /UFFS & CLO?S 9 ! WORLD1 IF TO PRODUCE !M IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT #ii P] C5T4 ( ! PEOPLE %\LD REMA9 9 SLAV]Y & P]I% BY ?\S&S 9 FACTORIES NE$$ = ! PRODUCTION ( !SE >TICLES4 ,IF1 9 ORD] ?AT ,LONDON OR ,PET]SBURG MAY BE LI<T$ BY ELECTRICITY1 OR 9 ORD] TO CON/RUCT EXHIBITION BUILD+S1 OR 9 ORD] ?AT !RE MAY BE BEAUTIFUL PA9TS1 OR 9 ORD] TO WEAVE BEAUTIFUL /UFFS QUICKLY & ABUNDANTLY1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT EV5 A V]Y FEW LIVES %\LD BE DE/ROY$1 OR RU9$1 OR %ORT5$ -- & /ATI/ICS %[ US H[ MANY >E DE/ROY$ -- LET ,LONDON OR ,PET]SBURG RA!R BE LIT BY GAS OR OIL2 LET !RE RA!R BE NO EXHIBITION1 NO PA9TS1 OR MAT]IALS1 ONLY LET !RE BE NO SLAV]Y1 & NO DE/RUCTION ( HUMAN LIVES RESULT+ FROM IT4 ,TRULY 5LI<T5$ PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS AGREE RA!R TO GO BACK TO RID+ ON HORSES & US+ PACK-HORSES1 OR EV5 TO TILL+ ! E>? ) /ICKS OR ) ONE'S H&S1 ?AN TO TRAVEL ON RAILWAYS :I* REGUL>LY EV]Y YE> CRU% SO MANY PEOPLE AS IS DONE 9 ,*ICAGO#f M]ELY BECAUSE ! PROPRIETORS ( ! RAILWAY F9D IT MORE PR(ITABLE TO COMP5SATE ! FAMILIES ( ?OSE KILL$ ?AN TO BUILD ! L9E SO ?AT IT %\LD NOT KILL PEOPLE4 ,! MOTTO = TRULY 5LI<T5$ PEOPLE IS NOT FIAT CULTURA1 P]EAT JU/ITIA1 BUT FIAT JU/ITIA1 P]EAT CULTURA4 

,BUT CULTURE1 USEFUL CULTURE1 WILL NOT BE DE/ROY$4 ,LET JU/ICE BE DONE1 ?\< ! WORLD P]I%4 ,IT WILL C]TA9LY NOT BE NECESS>Y = PEOPLE TO REV]T TO TILLAGE ( ! L& ) /ICKS OR TO LI<T+ UP ) TOR*ES4 ,IT IS NOT = NO?+ ?AT MANK9D1 9 !IR SLAV]Y1 HAVE A*IEV$ SU* GREAT PROGRESS 9 TE*NICAL MATT]S4 ,IF ONLY IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT WE MU/ NOT SACRIFICE ! LIVES ( \R FELL[-M5 = \R PLEASURE1 IT WILL BE POSSIBLE TO APPLY TE*NICAL IMPROVEM5TS )\T DE/ROY+ M5'S LIVES1 & TO >RANGE LIFE SO AS TO PR(IT BY ALL SU* ME?ODS GIV+ US CONTROL ( NATURE AS HAVE BE5 DEVIS$ & CAN BE APPLI$ )\T KEEP+ \R BRO!R M5 9 SLAV]Y4 

,NOTES 

#a ,N4 ,V4 ,GDGOL 7#a#h#i-#e#b71 AN ADMIRABLE WRIT] & A MO/ WOR?Y MAN4 7,TRANS474 

#b ,TOL/OY HIMSELF SET AN EXAMPLE BY VOLUNT>ILY EMANCIPAT+ ALL HIS S]FS4 7,TRANS474 

#c ,IT %\LD BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT $UCAT$ ,RUSSIANS1 ?\< POLITICALLY MU* LESS FREE1 >E 9TELLECTUALLY F> MORE FREE ?AN ! CORRESPOND+ SECTION ( ! ,5GLI% POPULATION4 ,VIEWS ON ECONOMICS1 & ON RELIGION1 :I* >E H]E HELD ONLY BY V]Y 0ADVANC$0 PEOPLE1 HAVE BE5 POPUL> AMONG ,RUSSIAN UNIV]SITY /UD5TS = A G5]ATION PA/4 ,9 P>TICUL>1 ! DOCTR9ES ( ,K>L ,M>X1 & ( ,G]MAN SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL1 HAVE HAD A MU* WID] ACCEPTANCE !RE ?AN H]E4 7,TRANS474 

#d ,LET JU/ICE BE DONE1 ?\< ! WORLD P]I%4 

#e ,LET CULTURE BE PRES]V$1 ?\< JU/ICE P]I%ES4 

#f ,WE HAVE A SOME:AT SIMIL> CASE NE>] HOME4 ,9 #ahii ! NUMB] ( RAILWAY S]VANTS KILL$ 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM WAS #a#h#e1 BESIDES NE>LY #e 9JUR$1 YET ,COMPANIES WI% TO DEF] ! 9TRODUCTION ( SU* A PRECAUTION AS AUTOMATIC C\PL+S TILL YET MORE HAVE BE5 KILL$4 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I,I,I - ,S,L,A,V,],Y ,E,X,I,/,S ,A,M,O,N,G ,U,S 

,IMAG9E A MAN FROM ! C\NTRY QUITE DIFF]5T FROM \R [N1 ) NO IDEA ( \R HI/ORY OR ( \R LAWS1 & SUPPOSE ?AT1 AFT] %[+ HIM ! V>I\S ASPECTS ( \R LIFE1 WE W]E TO ASK HIM :AT WAS ! *IEF DIFF]5CE HE NOTIC$ 9 ! LIVES ( PEOPLE ( \R WORLD8 ,! *IEF DIFF]5CE :I* SU* A MAN W\LD NOTICE 9 ! WAY PEOPLE LIVE IS ?AT SOME PEOPLE -- A SMALL NUMB] -- :O HAVE CLEAN1 :ITE H&S1 & >E WELL N\RI%$ & CLO!D & LODG$1 DO V]Y LITTLE & V]Y LI<T WORK1 OR EV5 DO NOT WORK AT ALL1 BUT ONLY AMUSE !MSELVES1 SP5D+ ON !SE AMUSEM5TS ! RESULTS ( MILLIONS ( DAYS DEVOT$ BY O!R PEOPLE TO SEV]E LABOR2 BUT O!R PEOPLE1 ALWAYS DIRTY1 POORLY CLO!D & LODG$ & F$1 ) DIRTY1 HORNY H&S1 TOIL UNCEAS+LY FROM MORN+ TO NI<T1 & SOMETIMES ALL NI<T LONG1 WORK+ = ?OSE :O DO NOT WORK1 BUT :O CONT9UALLY AMUSE !MSELVES4 

,IF BETWE5 ! SLAVES & SLAVE-[N]S ( TO-DAY IT IS DIFFICULT TO DRAW AS %>P A DIVID+ L9E AS ?AT :I* SEP>AT$ ! =M] SLAVES FROM !IR MA/]S1 & IF AMONG ! SLAVES ( TODAY !RE >E SOME :O >E ONLY TEMPOR>ILY SLAVES & !N BECOME SLAVE-[N]S1 OR SOME :O1 AT ONE & ! SAME TIME1 >E SLAVES & SLAVE-[N]S1 ?IS BL5D+ ( ! TWO CLASSES AT !IR PO9TS ( CONTACT DOES NOT UPSET ! FACT ?AT ! PEOPLE ( \R TIME >E DIVID$ 9TO SLAVES & SLAVE-[N]S AS DEF9ITELY AS1 9 SPITE ( ! TWILI<T1 EA* TW5TY-F\R H\RS IS DIVID$ 9TO DAY & NI<T4 

,IF ! SLAVE-[N] ( \R TIMES HAS NO SLAVE1 ,JOHN1 :OM HE CAN S5D TO ! CESSPOOL1 HE HAS FIVE %ILL+S1 ( :I* HUNDR$S ( SU* ,JOHNS >E 9 SU* NE$ ?AT ! SLAVE-[N] ( \R TIMES MAY *OOSE ANY ONE \T ( HUNDR$S ( ,JOHNS & BE A B5EFACTOR TO HIM BY GIV+ HIM ! PREF]5CE1 & ALL[+ HIM1 RA!R ?AN ANO!R1 TO CLIMB D[N 9TO ! CESSPOOL4#a 

,! SLAVES ( \R TIMES >E NOT ALL ?OSE FACTORY & WORK%OP H&S ONLY :O MU/ SELL !MSELVES COMPLETELY 9TO ! P[] ( ! FACTORY & F\NDRY-[N]S 9 ORD] TO EXI/1 BUT NE>LY ALL ! AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S >E SLAVES1 WORK+1 AS !Y DO1 UNCEAS+LY TO GR[ ANO!R'S CORN ON ANO!R'S FIELD1 & GA!R+ IT 9TO ANO!R'S B>N2 OR TILL+ !IR [N FIELDS ONLY 9 ORD] TO PAY TO BANK]S ! 9T]E/ ON DEBTS !Y CANNOT GET RID (4 ,& SLAVES ALSO >E ALL ! 9NUM]ABLE FOOTM51 COOKS1 PORT]S1 H\SEMAIDS1 COA*M51 BA?M51 WAIT]S1 ETC41 :O ALL !IR LIFE LONG P]=M DUTIES MO/ UNNATURAL TO A HUMAN BE+1 & :I* !Y !MSELVES DISLIKE4 

,SLAV]Y EXI/S 9 FULL VIGOR1 BUT WE DO NOT P]CEIVE IT1 JU/ AS 9 ,EUROPE AT ! 5D ( ! ,EI<TE5? ,C5TURY ! SLAV]Y ( S]FDOM WAS NOT P]CEIV$4 

,PEOPLE ( ?AT DAY ?\<T ?AT ! POSITION ( M5 OBLIG$ TO TILL ! L& = !IR LORDS1 & TO OBEY !M1 WAS A NATURAL1 9EVITABLE1 ECONOMIC CONDITION ( LIFE1 & !Y DID NOT CALL IT SLAV]Y4 

,IT IS ! SAME AMONG US3 PEOPLE ( \R DAY CONSID] ! POSITION ( ! LABOR] TO BE A NATURAL1 9EVITABLE ECONOMIC CONDITION1 & !Y DO NOT CALL IT SLAV]Y4 ,& AS1 AT ! 5D ( ! ,EI<TE5? ,C5TURY1 ! PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE BEGAN LITTLE BY LITTLE TO UND]/& ?AT :AT =M]LY SEEM$ A NATURAL & 9EVITABLE =M ( ECONOMIC LIFE -- NAMELY1 ! POSITION ( PEASANTS :O W]E COMPLETELY 9 ! P[] ( !IR LORDS -- WAS WRONG1 UNJU/ & IMMORAL1 & DEM&$ ALT]ATION1 SO N[ PEOPLE TODAY >E BEG9N+ TO UND]/& ?AT ! POSITION ( HIR$ WORKM51 & ( ! WORK+ CLASSES 9 G5]AL1 :I* =M]LY SEEM$ QUITE RI<T & QUITE NORMAL1 IS NOT :AT IT %\LD BE1 & DEM&S ALT]ATION4 

,! QUE/ION ( ! SLAV]Y ( \R TIMES IS JU/ 9 ! SAME PHASE N[ 9 :I* ! QUE/ION ( S]FDOM /OOD 9 ,EUROPE#b T[>DS ! 5D ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY1 & 9 :I* ! QUE/IONS ( S]FDOM AMONG US & ( SLAV]Y 9 ,AM]ICA /OOD 9 ! SECOND QU>T] ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 

,! SLAV]Y ( ! WORK]S 9 \R TIME IS ONLY BEG9N+ TO BE ADMITT$ BY ADVANC$ PEOPLE 9 \R SOCIETY2 ! MAJORITY AS YET >E CONV9C$ ?AT AMONG US NO SLAV]Y EXI/S4 

,A ?+ ?AT HELPS PEOPLE TODAY TO MISUND]/& !IR POSITION 9 ?IS MATT] IS ! FACT ?AT WE HAVE1 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 ,AM]ICA1 ONLY REC5TLY ABOLI%$ SLAV]Y4 ,BUT 9 REALITY ! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM & ( SLAV]Y WAS ONLY ! ABOLITION ( AN OBSOLETE =M ( SLAV]Y ?AT HAD BECOME UNNECESS>Y1 & ! SUB/ITUTION = IT ( A FIRM] =M ( SLAV]Y & ONE ?AT HOLDS A GREAT] NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9 BONDAGE4 ,! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM & ( SLAV]Y WAS LIKE :AT ! ,T>T>S ( ! ,CRIMEA DID ) !IR PRISON]S4 ,!Y 9V5T$ ! PLAN ( SLITT+ ! SOLES ( ! PRISON]S' FEET & SPR9KL+ *OPP$-UP BRI/LES 9TO ! W\NDS4 ,HAV+ P]=M$ ?AT OP]ATION1 !Y RELEAS$ !M FROM !IR WEI<TS & *A9S4 ,! ABOLITION ( S]FDOM 9 ,RUSSIA & ( SLAV]Y 9 ,AM]ICA1 ?\< IT ABOLI%$ ! =M] ME?OD ( SLAV]Y1 NOT ONLY DID NOT ABOLI% :AT WAS ESS5TIAL 9 IT1 BUT WAS ONLY ACCOMPLI%$ :5 ! BRI/LES HAD =M$ SORES 9 ! SOLES1 & ONE C\LD BE QUITE SURE ?AT )\T *A9S OR WEI<TS ! PRISON]S W\LD NOT RUN AWAY1 BUT W\LD HAVE TO WORK4 7,! ,NOR!RN]S 9 ,AM]ICA BOLDLY DEM&$ ! ABOLITION ( ! =M] SLAV]Y BECAUSE AMONG !M ! NEW1 MONET>Y SLAV]Y HAD ALREADY %[N ITS P[] TO %ACKLE ! PEOPLE4 ,! ,S\!RN]S DID NOT P]CEIVE ! PLA9 SIGNS ( ! NEW SLAV]Y1 &1 !RE=E1 DID NOT CONS5T TO ABOLI% ! OLD =M47 

,AMONG US 9 ,RUSSIA S]FDOM WAS ABOLI%$ ONLY :5 ALL ! L& HAD BE5 APPROPRIAT$4 ,:5 L& WAS GRANT$ TO ! PEASANTS IT WAS BURD5$ ) PAYM5TS1 :I* TOOK ! PLACE ( ! L&-SLAV]Y4 ,9 ,EUROPE TAXES ?AT KEPT ! PEOPLE 9 BONDAGE BEGAN TO BE ABOLI%$ ONLY :5 ! PEOPLE HAD LO/ !IR L&1 W]E UNACCU/OM$ TO AGRICULTURAL WORK &1 HAV+ ACQUIR$ T[N TA/ES1 W]E QUITE DEP5D5T ON ! CAPITALI/S4 ,ONLY !N W]E ! TAXES ON CORN ABOLI%$ 9 ,5GL&4 ,& !Y >E N[ BEG9N+1 9 ,G]MANY & 9 O!R C\NTRIES1 TO ABOLI% ! TAXES ?AT FALL ON ! WORK]S & TO %IFT !M ON TO ! RI*1 ONLY BECAUSE ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE >E ALREADY 9 ! H&S ( ! CAPITALI/S4 ,ONE =M ( SLAV]Y IS NOT ABOLI%$ UNTIL ANO!R HAS ALREADY REPLAC$ IT4 ,!RE >E SEV]AL SU* =MS4 ,& IF NOT ONE1 !N ANO!R 7& SOMETIMES SEV]AL ( !SE MEANS TOGE!R7 KEEPS A PEOPLE 9 SLAV]Y1 I4E4 PLACES IT 9 SU* A POSITION ?AT ONE SMALL P>T ( ! PEOPLE HAS FULL P[] OV] ! LABOR & ! LIFE ( A L>G] NUMB]4 ,9 ?IS 5SLAVEM5T ( ! L>G] P>T ( ! PEOPLE BY A SMALL] P>T LIES ! *IEF CAUSE ( ! MIS]ABLE CONDITION ( ! PEOPLE4 ,&1 !RE=E1 ! MEANS ( IMPROV+ ! POSITION ( ! WORK]S MU/ CONSI/ 9 ?IS3 ,FIR/1 9 ADMITT+ ?AT AMONG US SLAV]Y EXI/S NOT 9 SOME FIGURATIVE1 METAPHORICAL S5SE1 BUT 9 ! SIMPLE/ & PLA9E/ S5SE2 SLAV]Y :I* KEEPS SOME PEOPLE -- ! MAJORITY1 9 ! P[] ( O!RS -- ! M9ORITY2 SECONDLY1 HAV+ ADMITT$ ?IS1 9 F9D+ ! CAUSES ( ! 5SLAVEM5T ( SOME PEOPLE BY O!RS2 & ?IRDLY1 HAV+ F\ND !SE CAUSES1 TO DE/ROY !M4 

,NOTES 

#a ,MOSC[ HAS A V]Y DEFECTIVE SY/EM ( DRA9AGE1 & A L>GE NUMB] ( PEOPLE >E 5GAG$1 EV]Y NI<T1 PUMP+ & BAL+ ! CONT5TS ( ! CESSPOOLS 9TO HUGE B>RELS1 & C>T+ IT AWAY FROM ! CITY4 7,TRANS474 

#b ,I HAVE LEFT ! DI/9CTION BETWE5 ,EUROPE & ,RUSSIA 7QUITE NATURAL & CU/OM>Y TO A ,RUSSIAN WRIT]7 AS IT /&S 9 ! ORIG9AL4 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,I,X - ,:,A,T ,I,S ,S,L,A,V,],Y8 

,9 :AT DOES ! SLAV]Y ( \R TIME CONSI/8 ,:AT >E ! =CES ?AT MAKE SOME PEOPLE ! SLAVES ( O!RS8 ,IF WE ASK ALL ! WORK]S 9 ,RUSSIA & 9 ,EUROPE & 9 ,AM]ICA ALIKE 9 ! FACTORIES & 9 V>I\S SITUATIONS 9 :I* !Y WORK = HIRE1 9 T[NS & VILLAGES1 :AT HAS MADE !M *OOSE ! POSITION 9 :I* !Y >E LIV+1 !Y WILL ALL REPLY ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 BR\<T TO IT EI!R BECAUSE !Y HAD NO L& ON :I* !Y C\LD & WI%$ TO LIVE & WORK 7?AT WILL BE ! REPLY ( ALL ! ,RUSSIAN WORKM5 & ( V]Y MANY ( ! ,EUROPEANS71 OR ?AT TAXES1 DIRECT & 9DIRECT1 W]E DEM&$ ( !M1 :I* !Y C\LD ONLY PAY BY SELL+ !IR LABOR1 OR ?AT !Y REMA9 AT FACTORY WORK 5SN>$ BY ! MORE LUXURI\S HABITS !Y HAVE ADOPT$1 & :I* !Y CAN GRATIFY ONLY BY SELL+ !IR LABOR & !IR LIB]TY4 

,! FIR/ TWO CONDITIONS -- ! LACK ( L& & ! TAXES -- DRIVE M5 TO COMPULSORY LABOR2 :ILE ! ?IRD1 HIS 9CREAS$ & UNSATISFI$ NE$S -- DECOY HIM TO IT & KEEP HIM AT IT4 

,WE CAN IMAG9E ?AT ! L& MAY BE FRE$ FROM ! CLAIMS ( PRIVATE PROPRIETORS BY ,H5RY ,GEORGE'S PLAN1 & ?AT1 !RE=E1 ! FIR/ CAUSE DRIV+ PEOPLE 9TO SLAV]Y -- ! LACK ( L& -- MAY BE DONE AWAY )4 ,) REF]5CE TO TAXES 7BESIDES ! S+LE-TAX PLAN7 WE MAY IMAG9E ! ABOLITION ( TAXES1 OR ?AT !Y %\LD BE TRANSF]R$ FROM ! POOR TO ! RI*1 AS IS BE+ DONE N[ 9 SOME C\NTRIES2 BUT UND] ! PRES5T ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ONE CANNOT EV5 IMAG9E A POSITION ( ?+S UND] :I* MORE & MORE LUXURI\S1 & (T5 H>MFUL1 HABITS ( LIFE %\LD NOT1 LITTLE BY LITTLE1 PASS TO ?OSE ( ! L[] CLASSES :O >E 9 CONTACT ) ! RI* AS 9EVITABLY AS WAT] S9KS 9TO DRY GR\ND1 & ?AT ?OSE HABITS %\LD NOT BECOME SO NECESS>Y TO ! WORK]S ?AT 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO SATISFY !M !Y WILL BE READY TO SELL !IR FRE$OM4 

,SO ?AT ?IS ?IRD CONDITION1 ?\< IT IS A VOLUNT>Y ONE 7I4E4 IT W\LD SEEM ?AT A MAN MI<T RESI/ ! TEMPTATION71 & ?\< SCI5CE DOES NOT ACKN[L$GE IT TO BE A CAUSE ( ! MIS]ABLE CONDITION ( ! WORK]S1 IS ! FIRME/ & MO/ IRREMOVABLE CAUSE ( SLAV]Y4 

,WORKM5 LIV+ NE> RI* PEOPLE ALWAYS >E 9FECT$ ) NEW REQUIREM5TS1 & OBTA9 MEANS TO SATISFY !SE REQUIREM5TS ONLY TO ! EXT5T TO :I* !Y DEVOTE !IR MO/ 9T5SE LABOR TO ?IS SATISFACTION4 ,SO ?AT WORKM5 9 ,5GL& & ,AM]ICA1 RECEIV+ SOMETIMES T5 TIMES AS MU* AS IS NECESS>Y = SUBSI/5CE1 CONT9UE TO BE JU/ SU* SLAVES AS !Y W]E BE=E4 

,?REE CAUSES1 AS ! WORKM5 !MSELVES EXPLA91 PRODUCE ! SLAV]Y 9 :I* !Y LIVE2 & ! HI/ORY ( !IR 5SLAVEM5T & ! FACTS ( !IR POSITION CONFIRM ! CORRECTNESS ( ?IS EXPLANATION4 

,ALL ! WORK]S >E BR\<T TO !IR PRES5T /ATE & >E KEPT 9 IT BY !SE ?REE CAUSES4 ,!SE CAUSES1 ACT+ ON PEOPLE FROM DIFF]5T SIDES1 >E SU* ?AT NONE CAN ESCAPE FROM !IR 5SLAVEM5T4 ,! AGRICULTURI/ :O HAS NO L&1 OR :O HAS NOT 5\<1 WILL ALWAYS BE OBLIG$ TO GO 9TO P]PETUAL OR TEMPOR>Y SLAV]Y TO ! L&[N]1 9 ORD] TO HAVE ! POSSIBILITY ( FE$+ HIMSELF FROM ! L&4 ,%\LD HE 9 ONE WAY OR O!R OBTA9 L& 5\< TO BE ABLE TO FE$ HIMSELF FROM IT BY HIS [N LABOR1 SU* TAXES1 DIRECT & 9DIRECT1 >E DEM&$ FROM HIM ?AT 9 ORD] TO PAY !M HE HAS AGA9 TO GO 9TO SLAV]Y4 

,IF TO ESCAPE FROM SLAV]Y ON ! L& HE CEASES TO CULTIVATE L&1 &1 LIV+ ON SOME ONE ELSE'S L&1 BEG9S TO OCCUPY HIMSELF ) A H&ICRAFT1 OR TO EX*ANGE HIS PRODUCE = ! ?+S HE NE$S1 !N1 ON ! ONE H&1 TAXES1 & ON ! O!R H&1 ! COMPETITION ( CAPITALI/S PRODUC+ SIMIL> >TICLES TO ?OSE HE MAKES1 BUT ) BETT] IMPLEM5TS ( PRODUCTION1 COMPEL HIM TO GO 9TO TEMPOR>Y OR P]PETUAL SLAV]Y TO A CAPITALI/4 ,IF WORK+ = A CAPITALI/ HE MI<T SET UP FREE RELATIONS ) HIM1 & NOT BE OBLIG$ TO SELL HIS LIB]TY1 YET ! NEW REQUIREM5TS :I* HE ASSIMILATES DEPRIVE HIM ( ANY SU* POSSIBILITY4 ,SO ?AT ONE WAY OR ANO!R ! LABOR] IS ALWAYS 9 SLAV]Y TO ?OSE :O CONTROL ! TAXES1 ! L&1 & ! >TICLES NECESS>Y TO SATISFY HIS REQUIREM5TS4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X - ,L,A,W,S ,C,O,N,C,],N,+ ,T,A,X,E,S1 ,L,& ,& ,P,R,O,P,],T,Y 

,! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S HAVE T]M$ ! COMB9ATION ( CONDITIONS :I* PUT ! WORK] 9 SUBJECTION TO ! CAPITALI/S ! IRON LAW ( WAGES1 IMPLY+ BY ! WORD 0IRON'' ?AT ?IS LAW IS IMMUTABLE4 ,BUT 9 !SE CONDITIONS !RE IS NO?+ IMMUTABLE4 ,!SE CONDITIONS M]ELY RESULT FROM HUMAN LAWS CONC]N+ TAXES1 L&1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 CONC]N+ ?+S :I* SATISFY \R REQUIREM5TS1 I4E4 CONC]N+ PROP]TY4 ,LAWS >E FRAM$ & REPEAL$ BY HUMAN BE+S4 ,SO ?AT IT IS NOT SOME SOCIOLOGICAL 0IRON LAW10 BUT ORD9>Y1 MAN-MADE LAW ?AT PRODUCES SLAV]Y4 ,9 ! CASE 9 H& ! SLAV]Y ( \R TIMES IS V]Y CLE>LY & DEF9ITELY PRODUC$ NOT BY SOME 0IRON0 ELEM5TAL LAW1 BUT BY HUMAN 5ACTM5TS AB\T L&1 AB\T TAXES1 & AB\T PROP]TY4 ,!RE IS ONE SET ( LAWS BY :I* ANY QUANTITY ( L& MAY BELONG TO PRIVATE PEOPLE1 & MAY PASS FROM ONE TO ANO!R BY 9H]ITANCE1 OR BY WILL1 OR MAY BE SOLD2 !RE IS ANO!R SET ( LAWS BY :I* EV]Y ONE MU/ PAY ! TAXES DEM&$ ( HIM UNQUE/ION+LY2 & !RE IS A ?IRD SET ( LAWS TO ! EFFECT ?AT ANY QUANTITY ( >TICLES1 BY :ATEV] MEANS ACQUIR$1 MAY BECOME ! ABSOLUTE PROP]TY ( ! PEOPLE :O HOLD !M4 ,& 9 CONSEQU5CE ( !SE LAWS SLAV]Y EXI/S4 

,WE >E SO ACCU/OM$ TO ALL !SE LAWS ?AT !Y SEEM TO US JU/ AS NECESS>Y & NATURAL TO HUMAN LIFE AS ! LAWS MA9TA9+ S]FDOM & SLAV]Y SEEM$ 9 =M] TIMES2 NO D\BT AB\T !IR NECESSITY & JU/ICE SEEMS POSSIBLE1 & NO ONE NOTICES ANY?+ WRONG 9 !M4 ,BUT JU/ AS A TIME CAME :5 PEOPLE1 HAV+ SE5 ! RU9\S CONSEQU5CES ( S]FDOM1 QUE/ION$ ! JU/ICE & NECESSITY ( ! LAWS :I* MA9TA9$ IT1 SO N[1 :5 ! P]NICI\S CONSEQU5CES ( ! PRES5T ECONOMIC ORD] HAVE BECOME EVID5T1 ONE 9VOLUNT>ILY QUE/IONS ! JU/ICE & 9EVITABILITY ( ! LEGISLATION AB\T L&1 TAXES & PROP]TY :I* PRODUCES !SE RESULTS4 

,AS PEOPLE =M]LY ASK$1 ,IS IT RI<T ?AT SOME PEOPLE %\LD BELONG TO O!RS1 & ?AT ! =M] %\LD HAVE NO?+ ( !IR [N1 BUT %\LD GIVE ALL ! PRODUCE ( !IR LABOR TO !IR [N]S8 SO N[ WE MU/ ASK \RSELVES1 ,IS IT RI<T ?AT PEOPLE MU/ NOT USE L& ACC\NT$ ! PROP]TY ( O!R PEOPLE2 IS IT RI<T ?AT PEOPLE %\LD H& OV] TO O!RS1 9 ! =M ( TAXES1 :ATEV] P>T ( !IR LABOR IS DEM&$ ( !M8 ,IS IT RI<T ?AT PEOPLE MAY NOT MAKE USE ( >TICLES CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( O!R PEOPLE8 

4 4 4 4 4 4 

,IS IT RI<T ?AT PEOPLE %\LD NOT HAVE ! USE ( L& :5 IT IS CONSID]$ TO BELONG TO O!RS :O >E NOT CULTIVAT+ IT8 

,IT IS SAID ?AT ?IS LEGISLATION IS 9/ITUT$ BECAUSE L&$ PROP]TY IS AN ESS5TIAL CONDITION IF AGRICULTURE IS TO FL\RI%1 & IF !RE W]E NO PRIVATE PROP]TY PASS+ BY 9H]ITANCE PEOPLE W\LD DRIVE ONE ANO!R FROM ! L& !Y OCCUPY1 & NO ONE W\LD WORK OR IMPROVE ! L& ON :I* HE IS SETTL$4 ,IS ?IS TRUE8 ,! ANSW] IS TO BE F\ND 9 HI/ORY & 9 ! FACTS ( TODAY4 ,HI/ORY %[S ?AT PROP]TY 9 L& DID NOT >ISE FROM ANY WI% TO MAKE ! CULTIVATOR'S T5URE MORE SECURE1 BUT RESULT$ FROM ! SEIZURE ( COMMUNAL L&S BY CONQU]ORS & ITS DI/RIBUTION TO ?OSE :O S]V$ ! CONQU]OR4 ,SO ?AT PROP]TY 9 L& WAS NOT E/ABLI%$ ) ! OBJECT ( /IMULAT+ ! AGRICULTURI/S4 ,PRES5T-DAY FACTS %[ ! FALLACY ( ! ASS]TION ?AT L&$ PROP]TY 5ABLES ?OSE :O WORK ! L& TO BE SURE ?AT !Y WILL NOT BE DEPRIV$ ( ! L& !Y CULTIVATE4 ,9 REALITY1 JU/ ! CONTR>Y HAS EV]Y:]E HAPP5$ & IS HAPP5+4 ,! RI<T ( L&$ PROP]TY1 BY :I* ! GREAT PROPRIETORS HAVE PR(IT$ & >E PR(IT+ MO/1 HAS PRODUC$ ! RESULT ?AT ALL1 OR MO/1 I4E4 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! AGRICULTURI/S1 >E N[ 9 ! POSITION ( PEOPLE :O CULTIVATE O!R PEOPLE'S L&1 FROM :I* !Y MAY BE DRIV5 AT ! :IM ( M5 :O DO NOT CULTIVATE IT4 ,SO ?AT ! EXI/+ RI<T ( L&$ PROP]TY C]TA9LY DOES NOT DEF5D ! RI<TS ( ! AGRICULTURI/S TO 5JOY ! FRUITS ( ! LABOR HE PUTS 9TO ! L&1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS A WAY ( DEPRIV+ ! AGRICULTURI/S ( ! L& ON :I* !Y WORK & H&+ IT OV] TO ?OSE :O HAVE NOT WORK$ IT2 &1 !RE=E1 IT IS C]TA9LY NOT A MEANS = ! IMPROVEM5T ( AGRICULTURE1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 A MEANS ( DET]IORAT+ IT4 

,AB\T TAXES IT IS SAID ?AT PEOPLE \<T TO PAY !M BECAUSE !Y >E 9/ITUT$ ) ! G5]AL1 EV5 ?\< SIL5T1 CONS5T ( ALL1 & >E US$ = PUBLIC NE$S TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ALL4 ,IS ?IS TRUE8 

,! ANSW]S TO ?IS QUE/ION IS GIV5 9 HI/ORY & 9 PRES5T-DAY FACTS4 ,HI/ORY %[S ?AT TAXES NEV] W]E 9/ITUT$ BY COMMON CONS5T1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y ALWAYS ONLY 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! FACT ?AT SOME PEOPLE HAV+ OBTA9$ P[] BY CONQUE/1 OR BY O!R MEANS OV] O!R PEOPLE1 IMPOS$ TRIBUTE NOT = PUBLIC NE$S1 BUT = !MSELVES4 ,& ! SAME ?+ IS /ILL GO+ ON4 ,TAXES >E TAK5 BY ?OSE :O HAVE ! P[] ( TAK+ !M4 ,IF N[ADAYS SOME PORTION ( !SE TRIBUTES1 CALL$ TAXES & DUTIES1 >E US$ = PUBLIC PURPOSES1 = ! MO/ P>T IT IS = PUBLIC PURPOSES ?AT >E H>MFUL RA!R ?AN USEFUL TO MO/ PEOPLE4 

,= 9/ANCE1 9 ,RUSSIA ONE-?IRD ( ! REV5UE IS DRAWN FROM ! PEASANTS1 BUT ONLY ONE-FIFTIE? ( ! REV5UE IS SP5T ON !IR GREATE/ NE$1 ! $UCATION ( ! PEOPLE2 & EV5 ?AT AM\NT IS SP5T ON A K9D ( $UCATION :I*1 BY /UPEFY+ ! PEOPLE1 H>MS !M MORE ?AN IT B5EFITS !M4 ,! O!R =TY-N9E FIFTIE?S >E SP5T ON UNNECESS>Y ?+S H>MFUL = ! PEOPLE1 SU* AS EQUIPP+ ! >MY1 BUILD+ /RATEGICAL RAILWAYS1 =TS & PRISONS1 OR SUPPORT+ ! PRIE/HOOD & ! C\RT1 & ON SAL>IES = MILIT>Y & CIVIL (FICIALS1 I4E4 ON SAL>IES = ?OSE PEOPLE :O MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO TAKE ?IS MONEY FROM ! PEOPLE4 

,! SAME ?+ GOES ON NOT ONLY 9 ,P]SIA1 ,TURKEY & ,9DIA1 BUT ALSO 9 ALL ! ,*RI/IAN & CON/ITUTIONAL /ATES & DEMOCRATIC ,REPUBLICS2 MONEY IS TAK5 FROM ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE QUITE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! CONS5T OR NON-CONS5T ( ! PAY]S1 & ! AM\NT COLLECT$ IS NOT :AT IS REALLY NE$FUL1 BUT AS MU* AS CAN BE GOT 7IT IS KN[N H[ ,P>LIAM5TS >E MADE UP1 & H[ LITTLE !Y REPRES5T ! WILL ( ! PEOPLE71 & IT IS US$ NOT = ! COMMON ADVANTAGE1 BUT = :AT ! GOV]N+ CLASSES CONSID] NECESS>Y = !MSELVES3 ON W>S 9 ,CUBA OR ! ,PHILIPP9ES1 ON TAK+ & KEEP+ ! RI*ES ( ! ,TRANSVAAL1 & SO =?4 ,SO ?AT ! EXPLANATION ?AT PEOPLE MU/ PAY TAXES BECAUSE !Y >E 9/ITUT$ ) G5]AL CONS5T1 & >E US$ = ! COMMON GOOD1 IS AS UNJU/ AS ! O!R EXPLANATION ?AT PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L& IS E/ABLI%$ TO 5C\RAGE AGRICULTURE4 

,IS IT TRUE ?AT PEOPLE %\LD NOT USE >TICLES NE$FUL TO SATISFY !IR REQUIREM5TS IF !SE >TICLES >E ! PROP]TY ( O!R PEOPLE8 

,IT IS ASS]T$ ?AT ! RI<TS ( PROP]TY 9 ACQUIR$ >TICLES IS E/ABLI%$ 9 ORD] TO MAKE ! WORK] SURE ?AT NO ONE WILL TAKE FROM HIM ! PRODUCE ( HIS LABOR4 

,IS ?IS TRUE8 

,IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO GLANCE AT :AT IS DONE 9 \R WORLD1 :]E PROP]TY RI<TS >E DEF5D$ ) ESPECIAL /RICTNESS1 9 ORD] TO BE CONV9C$ H[ COMPLETELY ! FACTS ( LIFE RUN C\NT] TO ?IS EXPLANATION4 

,9 \R SOCIETY1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( PROP]TY RI<TS 9 ACQUIR$ >TICLES1 ! V]Y ?+ HAPP5S :I* ?AT RI<T IS 9T5D$ TO PREV5T3 NAMELY1 ALL >TICLES :I* HAVE BE51 & CONT9UALLY >E BE+1 PRODUC$ BY WORK+ PEOPLE1 >E POSSESS$ BY 7& AS !Y >E PRODUC$ >E CONT9UALLY TAK5 BY7 ?OSE :O HAVE NOT PRODUC$ !M4 

,SO ?AT ! ASS]TION ?AT ! RI<T ( PROP]TY SECURES TO ! WORK]S ! POSSIBILITY ( 5JOY+ ! PRODUCTS ( !IR LABOR IS EVID5TLY /ILL MORE UNJU/ ?AN ! ASS]TION CONC]N+ PROP]TY 9 L&1 & IT IS BAS$ ON ! SAME SOPHI/RY2 FIR/1 ! FRUIT ( !IR TOIL IS UNJU/LY & VIOL5TLY TAK5 FROM ! WORK]S1 & !N ! LAW /EPS 91 & !SE V]Y >TICLES :I* HAVE BE5 TAK5 FROM ! WORKM51 -- UNJU/LY & BY VIOL5CE1 -- >E DECL>$ TO BE ! ABSOLUTE PROP]TY ( ?OSE :O HAVE TAK5 !M4 

,PROP]TY3 = 9/ANCE1 A FACTORY ACQUIR$ BY A S]IES ( FRAUDS & BY TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! WORKM51 IS CONSID]$ A RESULT ( LABOR & IS HELD SACR$2 BUT ! LIVES ( ?OSE WORKM5 :O P]I% AT WORK 9 ?AT FACTORY & !IR LABOR >E NOT CONSID]$ !IR PROP]TY1 BUT >E RA!R CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( ! FACTORY [N]1 IF HE -- TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! NECESSITIES ( ! WORK]S -- HAS B\ND !M D[N 9 A MANN] CONSID]$ LEGAL4 ,HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( BU%ELS ( CORN1 COLLECT$ FROM ! PEASANTS BY USURY & BY A S]IES ( EXTORTIONS1 >E CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( ! M]*ANT1 :ILE ! GR[+ CORN RAIS$ BY ! PEASANTS IS CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( SOME ONE ELSE IF HE HAS 9H]IT$ ! L& FROM A GR&FA!R OR GREAT-GR&FA!R :O TOOK IT FROM ! PEOPLE4 ,IT IS SAID ?AT ! LAW DEF5DS EQUALLY ! PROP]TY ( ! MILL[N]1 ( ! CAPITALI/1 ( ! L&[N]1 & ( ! FACTORY OR C\NTRY LABOR]4 ,! EQUALITY ( ! CAPITALI/ & ( ! WORK] IS LIKE ! EQUALITY ( TWO FI<T]S :5 ONE HAS HIS >MS TI$ & ! O!R HAS WEAPONS1 BUT DUR+ ! FI<T C]TA9 RULES >E APPLI$ TO BO? ) /RICT IMP>TIALITY4 ,SO ?AT ALL ! EXPLANATIONS ( ! JU/ICE & NECESSITY ( ! ?REE SETS ( LAWS :I* PRODUCE SLAV]Y >E AS UNTRUE AS W]E ! EXPLANATIONS =M]LY GIV5 ( ! JU/ICE & NECESSITY ( S]FDOM4 ,ALL ?OSE ?REE SETS ( LAWS >E NO?+ BUT ! E/ABLI%M5T ( ?AT NEW =M ( SLAV]Y :I* HAS REPLAC$ ! OLD =M4 ,AS PEOPLE =M]LY E/ABLI%$ LAWS 5ABL+ SOME PEOPLE TO BUY & SELL O!R PEOPLE1 & TO [N !M1 & TO MAKE !M WORK -- & SLAV]Y EXI/$1 SO N[ PEOPLE HAVE E/ABLI%$ LAWS ?AT M5 MAY NOT USE L& ?AT IS CONSID]$ TO BELONG TO SOME ONE ELSE1 MU/ PAY ! TAXES DEM&$ ( !M1 & MU/ NOT USE >TICLES CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( O!RS -- & WE HAVE ! SLAV]Y ( \R TIMES4 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I - ,L,A,W,S ,! ,C,A,U,S,E ,( ,S,L,A,V,],Y 

,! SLAV]Y ( \R TIMES RESULTS FROM ?REE SETS ( LAWS3 ?OSE AB\T L&1 TAXES1 & PROP]TY4 ,&1 !RE=E1 ALL ! ATTEMPTS ( ?OSE :O WI% TO IMPROVE ! POSITION ( ! WORK]S >E 9EVITABLY1 ?\< UNCONSCI\SLY1 DIRECT$ AGA9/ ?OSE ?REE LEGISLATIONS4 

,ONE SET ( PEOPLE REPEAL TAXES WEI<+ ON ! WORK+ CLASSES & TRANSF] !M ON TO ! RI*2 O!RS PROPOSE TO ABOLI% ! RI<T ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L&1 & ATTEMPTS >E BE+ MADE TO PUT ?IS 9 PRACTICE BO? 9 ,NEW ,ZEAL& & 9 ONE ( ! ,AM]ICAN ,/ATES 7! LIMITATION ( ! L&LORD'S RI<TS 9 ,IREL& IS A MOVE 9 ! SAME DIRECTION72 A ?IRD SET -- ! ,SOCIALI/S -- PROPOSE TO COMMUNALIZE ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 TO TAX 9COMES & 9H]ITANCES1 & TO LIMIT ! RI<TS ( CAPITALI/ EMPLOY]S4 ,IT W\LD1 !RE=E1 SEEM AS IF ! LEGISLATIVE 5ACTM5TS :I* CAUSE SLAV]Y W]E BE+ REPEAL$1 & ?AT WE MAY1 !RE=E1 EXPECT SLAV]Y TO BE ABOLI%$ 9 ?IS WAY4 ,BUT WE NE$ ONLY LOOK MORE CLOSELY AT ! CONDITIONS UND] :I* ! ABOLITION ( ?OSE LEGISLATIVE 5ACTM5TS IS ACCOMPLI%$ OR PROPOS$ TO BE CONV9C$ ?AT NOT ONLY ! PRACTICAL1 BUT EV5 ! !ORETICAL PROJECTS = ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! WORK]S' POSITION >E M]ELY ! SUB/ITUTION ( ONE LEGISLATION PRODUC+ SLAV]Y = ANO!R E/ABLI%+ A NEW] =M ( SLAV]Y4 ,?US1 = 9/ANCE1 ?OSE :O ABOLI% TAXES & DUTIES ON ! POOR1 FIR/ ABOLI%+ DIRECT DUES & !N TRANSF]R+ ! BURD5 ( TAXATION FROM ! POOR TO ! RI*1 NECESS>ILY HAVE TO RETA91 & DO RETA91 ! LAWS MAK+ PRIVATE PROP]TY ( L&$ PROP]TY1 MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & O!R >TICLES1 ON TO :I* ! :OLE BURD5 ( ! TAXES IS %IFT$4 ,! RET5TION ( ! LAWS CONC]N+ L& & PROP]TY KEEPS ! WORK]S 9 SLAV]Y TO ! L&[N]S & ! CAPITALI/S1 EV5 ?\< ! WORK]S >E FRE$ FROM TAXES4 ,?OSE :O1 LIKE ,H5RY ,GEORGE & HIS P>TISANS1 W\LD ABOLI% ! LAWS MAK+ PRIVATE PROP]TY ( L&1 PROPOSE NEW LAWS IMPOS+ AN OBLIGATORY R5T ON ! L&4 ,& ?IS OBLIGATORY L& R5T WILL NECESS>ILY CREATE A NEW =M ( SLAV]Y1 BECAUSE A MAN COMPELL$ TO PAY R5T1 OR ! S+LE TAX1 MAY AT ANY FAILURE ( ! CROPS OR O!R MIS=TUNE HAVE TO BORR[ MONEY FROM A MAN :O HAS SOME TO L5D1 & HE WILL AGA9 LAPSE 9TO SLAV]Y4 ,?OSE :O -- LIKE ! ,SOCIALI/S -- 9 !ORY1 WI% TO ABOLI% ! LEGISLATION ( PROP]TY 9 L& & 9 MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 RETA9 ! LEGALIZATION ( TAXES1 & MU/1 MOREOV]1 9EVITABLY 9TRODUCE LAWS ( COMPULSORY LABOR -- I4E4 !Y MU/ REE/ABLI% SLAV]Y 9 ITS PRIMITIVE =M4 

,SO ?AT1 ?IS WAY OR ?AT WAY1 ALL ! PRACTICAL & !ORETICAL REPEALS ( C]TA9 LAWS MA9TA9+ SLAV]Y 9 ONE =M HAVE ALWAYS & DO ALWAYS REPLACE IT BY NEW LEGISLATION CREAT+ SLAV]Y 9 ANO!R & FRE% =M4 

,:AT HAPP5S IS SOME?+ LIKE :AT A JAIL] MI<T DO :O %IFT$ A PRISON]'S *A9S FROM ! NECK TO ! >MS1 & FROM ! >MS TO ! LEGS1 OR TOOK !M (F & SUB/ITUT$ BOLTS & B>S4 ,ALL ! IMPROVEM5TS ?AT HAVE HI!RTO TAK5 PLACE 9 ! POSITION ( ! WORK]S HAVE BE5 ( ?IS K9D4 

,! LAWS GIV+ A MA/] ! RI<T TO COMPEL HIS SLAVES TO DO COMPULSORY WORK W]E REPLAC$ BY LAWS ALL[+ ! MA/]S TO [N ALL ! L&4 ,! LAWS ALL[+ ALL ! L& TO BECOME ! PRIVATE PROP]TY ( ! MA/]S MAY BE REPLAC$ BY TAXATION LAWS1 ! CONTROL ( ! TAXES BE+ 9 ! H&S ( ! MA/]S4 ,! TAXATION LAWS >E REPLAC$ BY O!RS DEF5D+ ! RI<T ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 >TICLES ( USE & 9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! LAWS ( RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 L& & 9 >TICLES ( USE & MEANS ( PRODUCTION IT IS PROPOS$ TO REPLACE BY ! 5ACTM5T ( COMPULSORY LABOR4 

,SO IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! ABOLITION ( ONE =M ( LEGALIZATION PRODUC+ ! SLAV]Y ( \R TIME1 :E!R TAXES1 OR L&[N+1 OR PROP]TY 9 >TICLES ( USE OR 9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 WILL NOT DE/ROY SLAV]Y1 BUT WILL ONLY REPEAL ONE ( ITS =MS1 :I* WILL IMM$IATELY BE REPLAC$ BY A NEW ONE1 AS WAS ! CASE ) ! ABOLITION ( *ATTEL SLAV]Y1 ( S]FDOM1 & ) ! REPEALS ( TAXES4 ,EV5 ! REPEAL ( ALL ?REE GR\PS ( LAWS TOGE!R WILL NOT ABOLI% SLAV]Y1 BUT EVOKE A NEW & AS YET UNKN[N =M ( IT1 :I* IS N[ ALREADY BEG9N+ TO %[ ITSELF & TO RE/RA9 ! FRE$OM ( LABOR BY LEGISLATION CONC]N+ ! H\RS ( WORK1 ! AGE & /ATE ( HEAL? ( ! WORK]S1 AS WELL AS BY DEM&+ OBLIGATORY ATT5DANCE AT S*OOLS1 D$UCTIONS = OLD-AGE 9SURANCE OR ACCID5TS1 BY ALL ! MEASURES ( FACTORY 9SPECTION1 ETC4 ,ALL ?IS IS NO?+ BUT ! TRANSF]5CE ( LEGALIZATION -- PREP>+ A NEW & AS YET UNTRI$ =M ( SLAV]Y4 

,SO ?AT IT BECOMES EVID5T ?AT ! ESS5CE ( SLAV]Y LIES NOT 9 ?OSE ?REE ROOTS ( LEGISLATION ON :I* IT N[ RE/S1 & NOT EV5 9 SU* OR SU* O!R LEGISLATIVE 5ACTM5TS1 BUT 9 ! FACT ?AT LEGISLATION EXI/S2 ?AT !RE >E PEOPLE :O HAVE P[] TO DECREE LAWS PR(ITABLE = !MSELVES1 & ?AT AS LONG AS PEOPLE HAVE ?AT P[] !RE WILL BE SLAV]Y4 

,=M]LY IT WAS PR(ITABLE = PEOPLE TO HAVE *ATTEL SLAVES1 & !Y MADE LAWS AB\T *ATTEL SLAV]Y4 ,AFT]W>DS IT BECAME PR(ITABLE TO [N L&1 TO TAKE TAXES1 & TO KEEP ?+S ONE HAD ACQUIR$1 & !Y MADE LAWS CORRESPOND+LY4 ,N[ IT IS PR(ITABLE = PEOPLE TO MA9TA9 ! EXI/+ DIRECTION & DIVISION ( LABOR2 & !Y >E DEVIS+ SU* LAWS AS WILL COMPEL PEOPLE TO WORK UND] ! PRES5T APPORTIONM5T & DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,?US ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE ( SLAV]Y IS LEGISLATION3 ! FACT ?AT !RE >E PEOPLE :O HAVE ! P[] TO MAKE LAWS4 

,:AT IS LEGISLATION8 & :AT GIVES PEOPLE ! P[] TO MAKE LAWS8 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,I - ,! ,E,S,S,5,C,E ,( ,L,E,G,I,S,L,A,T,I,O,N ,I,S ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,$ ,V,I,O,L,5,C,E 

,:AT IS LEGISLATION8 ,& :AT 5ABLES PEOPLE TO MAKE LAWS8 

,!RE EXI/S A :OLE SCI5CE1 MORE ANCI5T & MORE M5DACI\S & CONFUS$ ?AN POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ! S]VANTS ( :I* 9 ! C\RSE ( C5TURIES HAVE WRITT5 MILLIONS ( BOOKS 7= ! MO/ P>T CONTRADICT+ ONE ANO!R7 TO ANSW] !SE QUE/IONS4 ,BUT AS ! AIM ( ?IS SCI5CE1 AS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 IS NOT TO EXPLA9 :AT N[ IS & :AT \<T TO BE1 BUT RA!R TO PROVE ?AT :AT N[ EXI/S1 IS :AT \<T TO BE1 IT HAPP5S ?AT 9 ?IS SCI5CE 7( JURISPRUD5CE7 WE F9D V]Y MANY DISS]TATIONS AB\T RI<TS1 AB\T OBJECT & SUBJECT1 AB\T ! IDEA ( A /ATE & O!R SU* MATT]S :I* >E UN9TELLIGIBLE BO? TO ! /UD5TS & TO ! TEA*]S ( ?IS SCI5CE1 BUT WE GET NO CLE> REPLY TO ! QUE/ION -- :AT IS LEGISLATION8 

,ACCORD+ TO SCI5CE1 LEGISLATION IS ! EXPRESSION ( ! WILL ( ! :OLE PEOPLE2 BUT AS ?OSE :O BREAK ! LAWS1 OR :O WI% TO BREAK !M1 & ONLY REFRA9 FROM FE> ( BE+ PUNI%$1 >E ALWAYS MORE NUM]\S ?AN ?OSE :O WI% TO C>RY \T ! CODE1 IT IS EVID5T ?AT LEGISLATION CAN C]TA9LY NOT BE CONSID]$ AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! WILL ( ! :OLE PEOPLE4 

,= 9/ANCE1 !RE >E LAWS AB\T NOT 9JUR+ TELEGRAPH PO/S1 AB\T %[+ RESPECT TO C]TA9 PEOPLE1 AB\T EA* MAN P]=M+ MILIT>Y S]VICE#a OR S]V+ AS A JURYMAN1 AB\T NOT TAK+ C]TA9 GOODS BEYOND A C]TA9 B\ND>Y1 OR AB\T NOT US+ L& CONSID]$ ! PROP]TY ( SOME ONE ELSE1 AB\T NOT MAK+ MONEY TOK5S2 NOT US+ >TICLES :I* >E CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( O!RS1 & AB\T MANY O!R MATT]S4 

,ALL !SE LAWS & MANY O!RS >E EXTREMELY COMPLEX1 & MAY HAVE BE5 PASS$ FROM ! MO/ DIV]SE MOTIVES1 BUT NOT ONE ( !M EXPRESSES ! WILL ( ! :OLE PEOPLE4 ,!RE IS BUT ONE G5]AL *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL !SE LAWS1 NAMELY1 ?AT IF ANY MAN DOES NOT FULFILL !M1 ?OSE :O HAVE MADE !M WILL S5D >M$ M51 & ! >M$ M5 WILL BEAT1 DEPRIVE ( FRE$OM1 OR EV5 KILL ! MAN :O DOES NOT FULFILL ! LAW4 

,IF A MAN DOES NOT WI% TO GIVE AS TAXES SU* P>T ( ! PRODUCE ( HIS LABOR AS IS DEM&$ ( HIM1 >M$ M5 WILL COME & TAKE FROM HIM :AT IS DEM&$1 & IF HE RESI/S HE WILL BE BEAT51 DEPRIV$ ( FRE$OM1 & SOMETIMES EV5 KILL$4 ,! SAME WILL HAPP5 TO A MAN :O BEG9S TO MAKE USE ( L& CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( ANO!R4 ,! SAME WILL HAPP5 TO A MAN :O MAKES USE ( ?+S HE WANTS1 TO SATISFY HIS REQUIREM5TS OR TO FACILITATE HIS WORK1 IF !SE ?+S >E CONSID]$ TO BE ! PROP]TY ( SOME ONE ELSE4 ,>M$ M5 WILL COME & WILL DEPRIVE HIM ( :AT HE HAS TAK51 & IF HE RESI/S !Y WILL BEAT HIM1 DEPRIVE HIM ( LIB]TY1 OR EV5 KILL HIM4 ,! SAME ?+ WILL HAPP5 TO ANY ONE :O WILL NOT %[ RESPECT TO ?OSE :OM IT IS DECRE$ ?AT WE >E TO RESPECT1 & TO HIM :O WILL NOT OBEY ! DEM& ?AT HE %\LD GO AS A SOLDI]1 OR :O MAKES MONET>Y TOK5S4 

,= EV]Y NON-FULFILLM5T ( ! E/ABLI%$ LAWS !RE IS PUNI%M5T3 ! (F5D] IS SUBJECT$ BY ?OSE :O MAKE ! LAWS TO BL[S1 TO CONF9EM5T1 OR EV5 TO LOSS ( LIFE4 

,MANY CON/ITUTIONS HAVE BE5 DEVIS$1 BEG9N+ ) ! ,5GLI% & ! ,AM]ICAN1 & 5D+ ) ! ,JAPANESE & ! ,TURKI%1 ACCORD+ TO :I* PEOPLE >E TO BELIEVE ?AT ALL LAWS E/ABLI%$ 9 !IR C\NTRY >E E/ABLI%$ AT !IR DESIRE4 ,BUT EV]Y ONE KN[S ?AT NOT 9 DESPOTIC C\NTRIES ONLY1 BUT ALSO 9 ! C\NTRIES NOM9ALLY MO/ FREE -- ,5GL&1 ,AM]ICA1 ,FRANCE1 & O!RS -- ! LAWS >E MADE1 NOT BY ! WILL ( ALL1 BUT BY ! WILL ( ?OSE :O HAVE P[]2 &1 !RE=E1 ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E >E ONLY SU* AS >E PR(ITABLE TO ?OSE :O HAVE P[]3 :E!R !Y >E MANY1 A FEW1 OR ONLY ONE MAN4 ,EV]Y:]E & ALWAYS ! LAWS >E 5=C$ BY ! ONLY MEANS ?AT HAS COMPELL$1 & /ILL COMPELS1 SOME PEOPLE TO OBEY ! WILL ( O!RS1 I4E4 BY BL[S1 BY DEPRIVATION ( LIB]TY1 OR BY MURD]4 ,!RE CAN BE NO O!R WAY4 

,IT CANNOT BE O!RWISE4 ,= LAWS >E DEM&S TO EXECUTE C]TA9 RULES2 & TO COMPEL SOME PEOPLE TO OBEY C]TA9 RULES 7I4E4 TO DO :AT O!R PEOPLE WANT ( !M7 CANNOT BE DONE EXCEPT BY BL[S1 BY DEPRIVATION ( LIB]TY1 OR BY MURD]4 ,IF !RE >E LAWS1 !RE MU/ BE ! =CE ?AT CAN COMPEL PEOPLE TO OBEY !M1 & !RE IS ONLY ONE =CE ?AT CAN COMPEL PEOPLE TO OBEY RULES 7I4E4 TO OBEY ! WILL ( O!RS7 -- & ?AT IS VIOL5CE2 NOT ! SIMPLE VIOL5CE :I* PEOPLE DO TO ONE ANO!R 9 MOM5TS ( PASSION1 BUT ! ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE US$ BY PEOPLE :O HAVE P[]1 9 ORD] TO COMPEL O!RS TO OBEY ! LAWS !Y 7! P[]FUL7 HAVE MADE -- 9 O!R WORDS1 TO DO !IR WILL4 

,& SO ! ESS5CE ( LEGISLATION DOES NOT LIE 9 ! SUBJECT OR OBJECT1 9 RI<TS OR 9 ! IDEA ( ! DOM9ION ( ! COLLECTIVE WILL ( ! PEOPLE1 OR 9 O!R SU* 9DEF9ITE & CONFUS$ CONDITIONS2 BUT IT LIES 9 ! FACT ?AT PEOPLE :O WIELD ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE HAVE ! P[] TO COMPEL O!RS TO OBEY !M & TO DO AS !Y LIKE4 

,SO ?AT ! EXACT & IRREFUTABLE DEF9ITION ( LEGISLATION1 9TELLIGIBLE TO ALL1 IS ?AT3 ,LAWS >E RULES MADE BY PEOPLE :O GOV]N BY MEANS ( ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE1 = COMPLIANCE ) :I* ! NON-COMPLI] IS SUBJECT$ TO BL[S1 TO LOSS ( LIB]TY1 OR EV5 TO BE+ MURD]$4 

,?IS DEF9ITION FURNI%ES ! REPLY TO ! QUE/ION1 ,:AT IS IT ?AT R5D]S IT POSSIBLE = PEOPLE TO MAKE LAWS8 ,! SAME ?+ MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO E/ABLI% LAWS AS 5=CES OB$I5CE TO !M1 ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 

,NOTES 

#a ,IT MU/ NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT CONSCRIPTION1 ) :I* WE 9 ,5GL& >E ONLY ?REAT5$1 ALREADY EXI/S 9 ,RUSSIA4 7,TRANS474 

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,! CAUSE ( ! MIS]ABLE CONDITION ( ! WORK]S IS SLAV]Y4 ,! CAUSE ( SLAV]Y IS LEGISLATION4 ,LEGISLATION RE/S ON ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 

,IT FOLL[S ?AT AN IMPROVEM5T 9 ! CONDITION ( ! PEOPLE IS POSSIBLE ONLY ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 

0,BUT ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE IS GOV]NM5T1 & H[ CAN WE LIVE )\T GOV]NM5TS8 ,)\T GOV]NM5TS !RE WILL BE *AOS1 AN>*Y2 ALL ! A*IEVEM5TS ( CIVILIZATION WILL P]I%1 & PEOPLE WILL REV]T TO !IR PRIMITIVE B>B>ISM40 

,IT IS USUAL1 -- NOT ONLY = ?OSE TO :OM ! EXI/+ ORD] IS PR(ITABLE1 BUT EV5 = ?OSE TO :OM IT IS EVID5TLY UNPR(ITABLE1 BUT :O >E SO ACCU/OM$ TO IT !Y CANNOT IMAG9E LIFE )\T GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE1 -- TO SAY WE MU/ NOT D>E TO T\* ! EXI/+ ORD] ( ?+S4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( GOV]NM5T WILL1 SAY !Y1 PRODUCE ! GREATE/ MIS=TUNES -- RIOT1 !FT1 & MURD] -- TILL F9ALLY ! WOR/ M5 WILL AGA9 SEIZE P[] & 5?RALL$ ALL ! GOOD PEOPLE4 ,BUT NOT TO M5TION ! FACT ?AT ALL ?IS -- I4E4 RIOTS1 !FTS & MURD]S1 FOLL[$ BY ! RULE ( ! WICK$ & ! 5SLAVEM5T ( ! GOOD -- ALL ?IS IS :AT HAS HAPP5$ & IS HAPP5+1 ! ANTICIPATION ?AT ! DI/URBANCE ( ! EXI/+ ORD] WILL PRODUCE RIOTS & DISORD] DOES NOT PROVE ! PRES5T ORD] TO BE GOOD4 

0,ONLY T\* ! PRES5T ORD] & ! GREATE/ EVILS WILL FOLL[40 

,ONLY T\* ONE BRICK ( ! ?\S& BRICKS PIL$ 9TO A N>R[ COLUMN SEV]AL Y>DS HI< & ALL ! BRICKS WILL TUMBLE D[N & SMA%6 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT ANY BRICK EXTRACT$ OR ANY PU% ADM9I/]$ WILL DE/ROY SU* A COLUMN & SMA% ! BRICKS C]TA9LY DOES NOT PROVE IT TO BE WISE TO KEEP ! BRICKS 9 SU* AN UNNATURAL & 9CONV5I5T POSITION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT %[S ?AT BRICKS %\LD NOT BE PIL$ 9 SU* A COLUMN1 BUT ?AT !Y %\LD BE RE>RANG$ SO ?AT !Y MAY LIE FIRMLY1 & SO ?AT !Y CAN BE MADE USE ( )\T DE/ROY+ ! :OLE ]ECTION4 ,IT IS ! SAME ) ! PRES5T /ATE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! /ATE ORGANIZATION IS EXTREMELY >TIFICIAL & UN/ABLE1 & ! FACT ?AT ! LEA/ PU% MAY DE/ROY IT NOT ONLY DOES NOT PROVE ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 %[S ?AT1 IF ONCE UPON A TIME IT WAS NECESS>Y IT IS N[ ABSOLUTELY UNNECESS>Y1 & IS1 !RE=E1 H>MFUL & DANG]\S4 

,IT IS H>MFUL & DANG]\S BECAUSE ! EFFECT ( ?IS ORGANIZATION ON ALL ! EVIL ?AT EXI/S 9 SOCIETY IS NOT TO LESS5 & CORRECT1 BUT RA!R TO /R5G!N & CONFIRM ?AT EVIL4 ,IT IS /R5G!N$ & CONFIRM$ BY BE+ EI!R JU/IFI$ & PUT 9 ATTRACTIVE =MS OR SECRET$4 

,ALL ?AT WELL BE+ ( ! PEOPLE :I* WE SEE 9 SO-CALL$ WELL-GOV]N$ /ATES1 RUL$ BY VIOL5CE1 IS BUT AN APPE>ANCE -- A FICTION4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT W\LD DI/URB ! EXT]NAL APPE>ANCE ( WELL-BE+ -- ALL ! HUNGRY PEOPLE1 ! SICK1 ! REVOLT+LY VICI\S -- >E ALL HIDD5 AWAY :]E !Y CANNOT BE SE54 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT WE DO NOT SEE !M DOES NOT %[ ?AT !Y DO NOT EXI/2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MORE !Y >E HIDD5 ! MORE !RE WILL BE ( !M1 & ! MORE CRUEL T[>DS !M WILL ?OSE BE :O >E ! CAUSE ( !IR CONDITION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT EV]Y 9T]RUPTION1 & YET MORE1 EV]Y /OPPAGE ( GOV]NM5TAL ACTION1 I4E4 ( ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE1 DI/URB ?IS EXT]NAL APPE>ANCE ( WELL-BE+ 9 \R LIFE1 BUT SU* DI/URBANCE DOES NOT PRODUCE DISORD]1 BUT M]ELY DISPLAYS :AT WAS HIDD51 & MAKES POSSIBLE ITS AM5DM5T4 

,UNTIL N[1 SAY TILL ALMO/ ! 5D ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 PEOPLE ?\<T & BELIEV$ ?AT !Y C\LD NOT LIVE )\T ,GOV]NM5TS4 ,BUT LIFE FL[S ONW>D1 & ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE & PEOPLE'S VIEWS *ANGE4 ,& NOT)/&+ ! EF=TS ( ,GOV]NM5TS TO KEEP PEOPLE 9 ?AT *ILDI% CONDITION 9 :I* AN 9JUR$ MAN FEELS AS IF IT W]E BETT] = HIM TO HAVE SOME ONE TO COMPLA9 TO1 PEOPLE -- ESPECIALLY ! LABOR+ PEOPLE1 BO? 9 ,EUROPE & 9 ,RUSSIA -- >E MORE & MORE EM]G+ FROM *ILDHOOD & BEG9N+ TO UND]/& ! TRUE CONDITIONS ( !IR LIFE4 

0,Y\ TELL US BUT ?AT = Y\ WE %ALL BE CONQU]$ BY NEI<BOR+ NATIONS3 BY ! ,*9ESE OR ! ,JAPANESE10 M5 ( ! PEOPLE N[ SAY1 0BUT WE READ ! PAP]S1 & KN[ ?AT NO ONE IS ?REAT5+ TO ATTACK US1 & ?AT IT IS ONLY Y\ :O GOV]N US :O1 = SOME AIMS1 UN9TELLIGIBLE TO US1 EXASP]ATE EA* O!R1 & !N1 UND] PRET5SE ( DEF5D+ Y\R [N PEOPLE1 RU9 US ) TAXES = ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! FLEET1 = >MAM5TS1 OR = /RATEGICAL RAILWAYS1 :I* >E ONLY REQUIR$ TO GRATIFY Y\R AMBITION & VANITY2 & !N Y\ >RANGE W>S ) ONE ANO!R1 AS Y\ HAVE N[ DONE AGA9/ ! PEACEFUL ,*9ESE4 ,Y\ SAY ?AT Y\ DEF5D L&$ PROP]TY = \R ADVANTAGE2 BUT Y\R DEF5SE HAS ?IS EFFECT3 ?AT ALL ! L& EI!R HAS PASS$ OR IS PASS+ 9TO ! CONTROL ( RI* BANK+ COMPANIES1 :I* DO NOT WORK1 :ILE WE1 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE1 >E BE+ DEPRIV$ ( L& & LEFT 9 ! P[] ( ?OSE :O DO NOT LABOR4 ,Y\ ) Y\R LAWS ( L&$ PROP]TY DO NOT DEF5D L&$ PROP]TY1 BUT TAKE IT FROM ?OSE :O WORK IT4 ,Y\ SAY Y\ SECURE TO EA* MAN ! PRODUCE ( HIS LABOR1 BUT Y\ DO JU/ ! REV]SE2 ALL ?OSE :O PRODUCE >TICLES ( VALUE >E1 ?ANKS TO Y\R PSEUDO-PROTECTION1 PLAC$ 9 SU* A POSITION ?AT !Y NOT ONLY NEV] RECEIVE ! VALUE ( !IR LABOR1 BUT >E ALL !IR LIVES LONG 9 COMPLETE SUBJECTION TO & 9 ! P[] ( NON-WORK]S40 

,?US DO PEOPLE1 AT ! 5D ( ! C5TURY1 BEG9 TO UND]/& & TO SPEAK4 ,& ?IS AWAK5+ FROM ! LE?>GY 9 :I* GOV]NM5TS HAVE KEPT !M IS GO+ ON 9 SOME RAPIDLY 9CREAS+ RATIO4 ,)9 ! LA/ FIVE OR SIX YE>S ! PUBLIC OP9ION ( ! COMMON FOLK1 NOT ONLY 9 ! T[NS1 BUT 9 ! VILLAGES1 & NOT ONLY 9 ,EUROPE1 BUT ALSO AMONG US 9 ,RUSSIA1 HAS ALT]$ AMAZ+LY4 

,IT IS SAID ?AT )\T GOV]NM5TS WE %\LD NOT HAVE ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS1 5LI<T5+1 $UCATIONAL & PUBLIC1 ?AT >E NE$FUL = ALL4 

,BUT :Y %\LD WE SUPPOSE ?IS8 ,:Y ?9K ?AT NON-(FICIAL PEOPLE C\LD NOT >RANGE !IR LIFE !MSELVES AS WELL AS GOV]NM5T PEOPLE >RANGE IT1 NOT = !MSELVES1 BUT = O!RS8 

,WE SEE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ?AT 9 ! MO/ DIV]SE MATT]S PEOPLE 9 \R TIMES >RANGE !IR [N LIVES 9COMP>ABLY BETT] ?AN ?OSE :O GOV]N !M >RANGE = !M4 ,)\T ! LEA/ HELP FROM GOV]NM5T1 & (T5 9 SPITE ( ! 9T]F]5CE ( GOV]NM5T1 PEOPLE ORGANIZE ALL SORTS ( SOCIAL UND]TAK+S -- WORKM5'S UNIONS1 COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES1 RAILWAY COMPANIES1 >TELS1#a & SYNDICATES4 ,IF COLLECTIONS = PUBLIC WORKS >E NE$$1 :Y %\LD WE SUPPOSE ?AT FREE PEOPLE C\LD NOT )\T VIOL5CE VOLUNT>ILY COLLECT ! NECESS>Y MEANS1 & C>RY \T ALL ?AT IS C>RI$ \T BY MEANS ( TAXES1 IF ONLY ! UND]TAK+S 9 QUE/ION >E REALLY USEFUL = EV]YBODY8 ,:Y SUPPOSE ?AT !RE CANNOT BE TRIBUNALS )\T VIOL5CE8 ,TRIAL BY PEOPLE TRU/$ BY ! DISPUTANTS HAS ALWAYS EXI/$ & WILL EXI/1 & NE$S NO VIOL5CE4 ,WE >E SO DEPRAV$ BY LONG-CONT9U$ SLAV]Y ?AT WE CAN H>DLY IMAG9E ADM9I/RATION )\T VIOL5CE4 ,& YET1 AGA91 ?AT IS NOT TRUE3 ,RUSSIAN COMMUNES MIGRAT+ TO DI/ANT REGIONS1 :]E \R GOV]NM5T LEAVES !M ALONE1 >RANGE !IR [N TAXATION1 ADM9I/RATION1 TRIBUNALS1 & POLICE1 & ALWAYS PROSP] UNTIL GOV]NM5T VIOL5CE 9T]F]ES ) !IR ADM9I/RATION4 ,& 9 ! SAME WAY1 !RE IS NO REASON TO SUPPOSE ?AT PEOPLE C\LD NOT1 BY COMMON CONS5T1 DECIDE H[ ! L& IS TO BE APPORTION$ = USE4 

,I HAVE KN[N PEOPLE -- ,COSSACKS ( ! ,\RAL -- :O HAVE LIV$ )\T ACKN[L$G+ PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 L&4 ,& !RE WAS SU* WELL-BE+ & ORD] 9 !IR COMMUNE AS DOES NOT EXI/ 9 SOCIETY1 :]E L&$ PROP]TY IS DEF5D$ BY VIOL5CE4 ,& ,I N[ KN[ COMMUNES ?AT LIVE )\T ACKN[L$G+ ! RI<T ( 9DIVIDUALS TO PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,)9 MY RECOLLECTION ! :OLE ,RUSSIAN PEASANTRY DID NOT ACCEPT ! IDEA ( L&$ PROP]TY4#b ,! DEF5SE ( L&$ PROP]TY BY GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE NOT M]ELY DOES NOT ABOLI% ! /RUGGLE = L&$ PROP]TY1 BUT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 /R5G!NS ?AT /RUGGLE1 & 9 MANY CASES CAUSES IT4 

,W]E IT NOT = ! DEF5SE ( L&$ PROP]TY1 & ITS CONSEQU5T RISE 9 PRICE1 PEOPLE W\LD NOT BE CR[D$ 9TO SU* N>R[ SPACES1 BUT W\LD SCATT] OV] ! FREE L&1 ( :I* !RE IS /ILL SO MU* 9 ! WORLD4 ,BUT AS IT IS1 A CONT9UAL /RUGGLE GOES ON = L&$ PROP]TY2 A /RUGGLE ) ! WEAPONS GOV]NM5T FURNI%ES BY MEANS ( ITS LAWS ( L&$ PROP]TY4 ,& 9 ?IS /RUGGLE IT IS NOT ?OSE :O WORK ON ! L&1 BUT ALWAYS ?OSE :O TAKE P>T 9 GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE1 ?AT HAVE ! ADVANTAGE4 

,IT IS ! SAME ) REF]5CE TO ?+S PRODUC$ BY LABOR4 ,?+S REALLY PRODUC$ BY A MAN'S [N LABOR1 & ?AT HE NE$S1 >E ALWAYS DEF5D$ BY CU/OM1 BY PUBLIC OP9ION1 BY FEEL+S ( JU/ICE & RECIPROCITY1 & !Y DO NOT NE$ TO BE PROTECT$ BY VIOL5CE4 

,T5S ( ?\S&S ( ACRES ( =E/ L&S BELONG+ TO ONE PROPRIETOR -- :ILE ?\S&S ( PEOPLE CLOSE BY HAVE NO FUEL -- NE$ PROTECTION BY VIOL5CE4 ,SO1 TOO1 DO FACTORIES & WORKS :]E SEV]AL G5]ATIONS ( WORKM5 HAVE BE5 DEFRAUD$1 >E /ILL BE+ DEFRAUD$4 ,YET MORE DO HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( BU%ELS ( GRA91 BELONG+ TO ONE [N]1 :O HAS HELD !M BACK TILL A FAM9E HAS COME1 TO SELL !M AT TRIPLE PRICE4 ,BUT NO MAN1 H[EV] DEPRAV$ -- EXCEPT A RI* MAN OR A ,GOV]NM5T (FICIAL -- W\LD TAKE FROM A C\NTRYMAN LIV+ BY HIS [N LABOR ! H>VE/ HE HAS RAIS$ OR ! C[ HE HAS BR$1 & FROM :I* HE GETS MILK = HIS *ILDR51 OR ! SOKHAS1#c ! SCY!S1 & ! SPADES HE HAS MADE & USES4 ,IF EV5 A MAN W]E F\ND :O DID TAKE FROM ANO!R >TICLES ! LATT] HAD MADE & REQUIR$1 SU* A MAN W\LD R\SE AGA9/ HIMSELF SU* 9DIGNATION FROM EV]Y ONE LIV+ 9 SIMIL> CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT HE W\LD H>DLY F9D HIS ACTION PR(ITABLE = HIMSELF4 ,A MAN SO IMMORAL AS TO DO IT UND] SU* CIRCUM/ANCES W\LD BE SURE TO DO IT UND] ! /RICTE/ SY/EM ( PROP]TY DEF5SE BY VIOL5CE4 ,IT IS G5]ALLY SAID1 0,ONLY ATTEMPT TO ABOLI% ! RI<TS ( PROP]TY 9 L& & 9 ! PRODUCE ( LABOR1 & NO ONE WILL TAKE ! TR\BLE TO WORK1 LACK+ ! ASSURANCE ?AT HE WILL NOT BE DEPRIV$ ( :AT HE HAS PRODUC$40 ,WE %\LD SAY JU/ ! OPPOSITE3 ! DEF5SE BY VIOL5CE ( ! RI<TS ( PROP]TY IMMORALLY OBTA9$1 :I* IS N[ CU/OM>Y1 IF IT HAS NOT QUITE DE/ROY$1 HAS CONSID]ABLY WEAK5$ PEOPLE'S NATURAL CONSCI\SNESS ( JU/ICE 9 ! MATT] ( US+ >TICLES1 I4E4 ! NATURAL & 9NATE RI<T ( PROP]TY1 )\T :I* HUMANITY C\LD NOT EXI/1 & :I* HAS ALWAYS EXI/$ & /ILL EXI/S AMONG ALL M54 

,&1 !RE=E1 !RE IS NO REASON TO ANTICIPATE ?AT PEOPLE WILL NOT BE ABLE TO >RANGE !IR LIVES )\T ORGANIZ$ VIOL5CE4 

,( C\RSE1 IT MAY BE SAID ?AT HORSES & BULLS MU/ BE GUID$ BY ! VIOL5CE ( RATIONAL BE+S -- M52 BUT :Y MU/ M5 BE GUID$1 NOT BY SOME HI<] BE+S1 BUT BY PEOPLE SU* AS !MSELVES8 ,:Y \<T PEOPLE TO BE SUBJECT TO ! VIOL5CE ( JU/ ?OSE PEOPLE :O >E 9 P[] AT A GIV5 TIME8 ,:AT PROVES ?AT !SE PEOPLE >E WIS] ?AN ?OSE ON :OM !Y 9FLICT VIOL5CE8 

,! FACT ?AT !Y ALL[ !MSELVES TO USE VIOL5CE T[>D HUMAN BE+S 9DICATES ?AT !Y >E NOT ONLY NOT MORE WISE1 BUT >E LESS WISE ?AN ?OSE :O SUBMIT TO !M4 ,! EXAM9ATIONS 9 ,*9A = ! (FICE ( ,M&>9 DO NOT1 WE KN[1 5SURE ?AT ! WISE/ & BE/ PEOPLE %\LD BE PLAC$ 9 P[]4 ,& JU/ AS LITTLE IS ?IS 5SUR$ BY 9H]ITANCE1 OR ! :OLE MA*9]Y ( PROMOTIONS 9 RANK1 OR ! ELECTIONS 9 CON/ITUTIONAL C\NTRIES4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 P[] IS ALWAYS SEIZ$ BY ?OSE :O >E LESS CONSCI5TI\S & LESS MORAL4 

,IT IS SAID1 0,H[ CAN PEOPLE LIVE )\T GOV]NM5TS1 I4E4 )\T VIOL5CE80 ,BUT IT %\LD1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 BE ASK$1 0,H[ CAN PEOPLE :O >E RATIONAL LIVE1 ACKN[L$G+ ?AT ! VITAL BOND ( !IR SOCIAL LIFE IS VIOL5CE1 & NOT REASONABLE AGREEM5T80 

,ONE ( TWO ?+S3 EI!R PEOPLE >E RATIONAL BE+S OR !Y >E IRRATIONAL BE+S4 ,IF !Y >E IRRATIONAL BE+S1 !N !Y >E ALL IRRATIONAL1 & !N EV]Y?+ AMONG !M IS DECID$ BY VIOL5CE2 & !RE IS NO REASON :Y C]TA9 PEOPLE %\LD & O!RS %\LD NOT HAVE A RI<T TO USE VIOL5CE4 ,& 9 ?AT CASE GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE HAS NO JU/IFICATION4 ,BUT IF M5 >E RATIONAL BE+S1 !N !IR RELATIONS %\LD BE BAS$ ON REASON1 & NOT ON ! VIOL5CE ( ?OSE :O HAPP5 TO HAVE SEIZ$ P[]4 ,& 9 ?AT CASE1 AGA91 GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE HAS NO JU/IFICATION4 

,NOTES 

#a ,! >TEL1 9 ITS MO/ USUAL =M1 IS AN ASSOCIATION ( WORKM51 OR EMPLOYES1 = EA* ( :OM ! >TEL IS COLLECTIVELY RESPONSIBLE4 --7,TRANS474 

#b ,S]FDOM WAS LEGALIZ$ AB\T #aeig BY ,BORIS ,GODUN(1 :O =BADE ! PEASANTS TO LEAVE ! L& ON :I* !Y W]E SETTL$4 ,! PEASANTS' !ORY ( ! MATT] WAS ?AT !Y BELONG$ TO ! PROPRIETOR1 BUT ! L& BELONG$ TO !M4 0,WE >E Y\RS1 BUT ! L& IS \RS10 WAS A COMMON SAY+ AMONG !M TILL !IR EMANCIPATION UND] ,ALEX&] ,I,I41 :5 MANY ( !M FELT !MSELVES DEFRAUD$ BY ! >RANGEM5T :I* GAVE MU* L& TO ! PROPRIETORS4 -- 7,TRANS474 

#c ,! SOKHA IS A LI<T PL[1 SU* AS ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANTS MAKE & USE4 -- 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,I,V - ,H,[ ,C,A,N ,G,O,V,],N,M,5,T,S ,B,E ,A,B,O,L,I,%,$8 

,SLAV]Y RESULTS FROM LAWS1 LAWS >E MADE BY GOV]NM5TS1 &1 !RE=E1 PEOPLE CAN ONLY BE FRE$ FROM SLAV]Y BY ! ABOLITION ( ,GOV]NM5TS4 

,BUT H[ CAN ,GOV]NM5TS BE ABOLI%$8 

,ALL ATTEMPTS TO GET RID ( ,GOV]NM5TS BY VIOL5CE HAVE HI!RTO1 ALWAYS & EV]Y:]E1 RESULT$ ONLY 9 ?IS3 ?AT 9 PLACE ( ! DEPOS$ ,GOV]NM5TS NEW ONES E/ABLI%$ !MSELVES1 (T5 MORE CRUEL ?AN ?OSE !Y REPLAC$4 

,NOT TO M5TION PA/ ATTEMPTS TO ABOLI% ,GOV]NM5TS BY VIOL5CE1 ACCORD+ TO ! ,SOCIALI/ !ORY1 ! COM+ ABOLITION ( ! RULE ( ! CAPITALI/S1 I4E4 ! COMMUNALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! NEW ECONOMIC ORD] ( SOCIETY1 IS ALSO TO BE C>RI$ \T BY A FRE% ORGANIZATION ( VIOL5CE1 & WILL HAVE TO BE MA9TA9$ BY ! SAME MEANS4 ,SO ?AT ATTEMPTS TO ABOLI% VIOL5CE BY VIOL5CE NEI!R HAVE 9 ! PA/ NOR1 EVID5TLY1 CAN 9 ! FUTURE EMANCIPATE PEOPLE FROM VIOL5CE NOR1 CONSEQU5TLY1 FROM SLAV]Y4 

,IT CANNOT BE O!RWISE4 

,AP>T FROM \TBUR/S ( REV5GE OR ANG]1 VIOL5CE IS US$ ONLY 9 ORD] TO COMPEL SOME PEOPLE1 AGA9/ !IR [N WILL1 TO DO ! WILL ( O!RS4 ,BUT ! NECESSITY TO DO :AT O!R PEOPLE WI% AGA9/ Y\R [N WILL IS SLAV]Y4 ,&1 !RE=E1 AS LONG AS ANY VIOL5CE1 DESIGN$ TO COMPEL SOME PEOPLE TO DO ! WILL ( O!RS1 EXI/S !RE WILL BE SLAV]Y4 

,ALL ! ATTEMPTS TO ABOLI% SLAV]Y BY VIOL5CE >E LIKE EXT+UI%+ FIRE ) FIRE1 /OPP+ WAT] ) WAT]1 OR FILL+ UP ONE HOLE BY DIGG+ ANO!R4 

,!RE=E1 ! MEANS ( ESCAPE FROM SLAV]Y1 IF SU* MEANS EXI/1 MU/ BE F\ND1 NOT 9 SETT+ UP FRE% VIOL5CE1 BUT 9 ABOLI%+ :ATEV] R5D]S GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE POSSIBLE4 ,& ! POSSIBILITY ( GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE1 LIKE EV]Y O!R VIOL5CE P]PETRAT$ BY A SMALL NUMB] ( PEOPLE UPON A L>G] NUMB]1 HAS ALWAYS DEP5D$1 & /ILL DEP5DS1 SIMPLY ON ! FACT ?AT ! SMALL NUMB] >E >M$ :ILE ! L>GE NUMB] >E UN>M$1 OR ?AT ! SMALL NUMB] >E BETT] >M$ ?AN ! L>GE NUMB]4 

,?AT HAS BE5 ! CASE 9 ALL ! CONQUE/S3 IT WAS ?US ! ,GREEKS1 ! ,ROMANS1 ! ,KNI<TS1 & ,PIZ>ROS CONQU]$ NATIONS1 & IT IS ?US ?AT PEOPLE >E N[ CONQU]$ 9 ,AFRICA & ,ASIA4 ,& 9 ?IS SAME WAY 9 TIMES ( PEACE ALL GOV]NM5TS HOLD !IR SUBJECTS 9 SUBJECTION4 

,AS ( OLD1 SO N[1 PEOPLE RULE OV] O!R PEOPLE ONLY BECAUSE SOME >E >M$ & O!RS >E NOT4 

,9 OLD5 TIMES ! W>RIORS1 ) !IR *IEFS1 FELL UPON ! DEF5SELESS 9HABITANTS1 SUBDU$ !M & ROBB$ !M1 & ALL DIVID$ ! SPOILS 9 PROPORTION TO !IR P>TICIPATION1 C\RAGE & CRUELTY2 & EA* W>RIOR SAW CLE>LY ?AT ! VIOL5CE HE P]PETRAT$ WAS PR(ITABLE TO HIM4 ,N[1 >M$ M5 7TAK5 *IEFLY FROM ! WORK+ CLASSES7 ATTACK DEF5SELESS PEOPLE3 M5 ON /RIKES1 RIOT]S1 OR ! 9HABITANTS ( O!R C\NTRIES1 & SUBDUE !M & ROB !M 7I4E4 MAKE !M YIELD ! FRUITS ( !IR LABOR71 NOT = !MSELVES1 BUT = PEOPLE :O DO NOT EV5 TAKE A %>E 9 ! SUBJUGATION4 

,! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! CONQU]ORS & ! GOV]NM5TS IS ONLY ?AT ! CONQU]ORS HAVE !MSELVES1 ) !IR SOLDI]S1 ATTACK$ ! UN>M$ 9HABITANTS & HAVE1 9 CASES ( 9SUBORD9ATION1 C>RI$ !IR ?REATS TO TORTURE & TO KILL 9TO EXECUTION2 :ILE ! GOV]NM5TS1 9 CASES ( 9SUBORD9ATION1 DO NOT !MSELVES TORTURE OR EXECUTE ! UN>M$ 9HABITANTS1 BUT OBLIGE O!RS TO DO IT :O HAVE BE5 DECEIV$ & SPECIALLY BRUTALIZ$ = ! PURPOSE1 & :O >E *OS5 FROM AMONG ! V]Y PEOPLE ON :OM ! ,GOV]NM5T 9FLICTS VIOL5CE4 ,?US1 VIOL5CE WAS =M]LY 9FLICT$ BY P]SONAL EF=T1 BY ! C\RAGE1 CRUELTY & AGILITY ( ! CONQU]ORS !MSELVES2 BUT N[ VIOL5CE IS 9FLICT$ BY MEANS ( FRAUD4 

,SO ?AT IF =M]LY1 9 ORD] TO GET RID ( >M$ VIOL5CE1 IT WAS NECESS>Y TO >M ONESELF & TO OPPOSE >M$ VIOL5CE BY >M$ VIOL5CE1 N[ :5 PEOPLE >E SUBDU$1 NOT BY DIRECT VIOL5CE1 BUT BY FRAUD1 9 ORD] TO ABOLI% VIOL5CE IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y TO EXPOSE ! DECEPTION :I* 5ABLES A SMALL NUMB] ( PEOPLE TO EX]CISE VIOL5CE UPON A L>G] NUMB]4 

,! DECEPTION BY MEANS ( :I* ?IS IS DONE CONSI/S 9 ! FACT ?AT ! SMALL NUMB] :O RULE1 ON OBTA9+ P[] FROM !IR PR$ECESSORS1 :O W]E 9/ALL$ BY CONQUE/1 SAY TO ! MAJORITY3 0,!RE >E A LOT ( Y\1 BUT Y\ >E /UPID & UN$UCAT$1 & CANNOT EI!R GOV]N Y\RSELVES OR ORGANIZE Y\R PUBLIC AFFAIRS1 &1 !RE=E1 WE WILL TAKE ?OSE C>ES ON \RSELVES2 WE WILL PROTECT Y\ FROM =EIGN FOES1 & >RANGE & MA9TA9 9T]NAL PEACE AMONG Y\2 WE WILL SET UP C\RTS ( JU/ICE1 >RANGE = Y\ & TAKE C>E ( PUBLIC 9/ITUTIONS3 S*OOLS1 ROADS1 & ! PO/AL S]VICE & 9 G5]AL WE WILL TAKE C>E ( Y\R WELL-BE+2 & 9 RETURN = ALL ?IS Y\ ONLY HAVE TO FULFILL ?OSE SLI<T DEM&S :I* WE MAKE1 &1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 Y\ MU/ GIVE 9TO \R COMPLETE CONTROL A SMALL P>T ( Y\R 9COMES1 & Y\ MU/ Y\RSELVES 5T] ! >MIES :I* >E NE$$ = Y\R [N SAFETY & GOV]NM5T40 

,& MO/ PEOPLE AGREE TO ?IS1 NOT BECAUSE !Y HAVE WEI<$ ! ADVANTAGES & DISADVANTAGES ( !SE CONDITIONS 7!Y NEV] HAVE A *ANCE TO DO ?AT71 BUT BECAUSE FROM !IR V]Y BIR? !Y HAVE F\ND !MSELVES 9 CONDITIONS SU* AS !SE4 

,IF D\BTS SUGGE/ !MSELVES TO SOME PEOPLE AS TO :E!R ALL ?IS IS NECESS>Y1 EA* ONE ?9KS ONLY AB\T HIMSELF1 & FE>S TO SUFF] IF HE REFUSES TO ACCEPT !SE CONDITIONS2 EA* ONE HOPES TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( !M = HIS [N PR(IT1 & EV]Y ONE AGREES1 ?9K+ ?AT BY PAY+ A SMALL P>T ( HIS MEANS TO ! ,GOV]NM5T1 & BY CONS5T+ TO MILIT>Y S]VICE1 HE CANNOT DO HIMSELF V]Y MU* H>M4 

,BUT AS SOON AS ! ,GOV]NM5TS HAVE ! MONEY & ! SOLDI]S1 9/EAD ( FULFILL+ !IR PROMISES TO DEF5D !IR SUBJECTS FROM =EIGN 5EMIES1 & TO >RANGE ?+S = !IR B5EFIT1 !Y DO ALL !Y CAN TO PROVOKE ! NEI<BOR+ NATIONS & TO PRODUCE W>2 & !Y NOT ONLY DO NOT PROMOTE ! 9T]NAL WELL-BE+ ( !IR PEOPLE1 BUT !Y RU9 & CORRUPT !M4 

,9 ! ,>ABIAN NI<TS !RE IS A /ORY ( A TRAVEL] :O1 BE+ CA/ UPON AN UN9HABIT$ ISL&1 F\ND A LITTLE OLD MAN ) WI!R$ LEGS SITT+ ON ! GR\ND BY ! SIDE ( A /REAM4 ,! OLD MAN ASK$ ! TRAVEL] TO TAKE HIM ON HIS %\LD]S & TO C>RY HIM OV] ! /REAM4 ,! TRAVEL] CONS5T$2 BUT NO SOON] WAS ! OLD MAN SETTL$ ON ! TRAVEL]'S %\LD]S ?AN ! =M] TW9$ HIS LEGS R\ND ! LATT]'S NECK & W\LD NOT GET (F AGA94 ,HAV+ CONTROL ( ! TRAVEL]1 ! OLD MAN DROVE HIM AB\T AS HE LIK$1 PLUCK$ FRUIT FROM ! TREES & ATE IT HIMSELF1 NOT GIV+ ANY TO HIS BE>]1 & ABUS$ HIM 9 EV]Y WAY4 

,?IS IS JU/ :AT HAPP5S ) ! PEOPLE :O GIVE SOLDI]S & MONEY TO ! ,GOV]NM5TS4 ,) ! MONEY ! ,GOV]NM5TS BUY GUNS1 & HIRE1 OR TRA9 BY $UCATION1 SUBS]VI5T1 BRUTALIZ$ MILIT>Y COMM&]S4 ,& !SE COMM&]S1 BY MEANS ( AN >TFUL SY/EM ( /UPEFACTION1 P]FECT$ 9 ! C\RSE ( AGES & CALL$ DISCIPL9E1 MAKE ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 TAK5 AS SOLDI]S 9TO A DISCIPL9$ >MY4 ,DISCIPL9E CONSI/S 9 ?IS1 ?AT PEOPLE :O >E SUBJECT$ TO ?IS TRA9+1 & REMA9 UND] IT = SOME TIME1 >E COMPLETELY DEPRIV$ ( ALL ?AT IS VALUABLE 9 HUMAN LIFE1 & ( MAN'S *I$ ATTRIBUT -- RATIONAL FRE$OM -- & BECOME SUBMISSIVE MA*9E-LIKE 9/RUM5TS ( MURD] 9 ! H&S ( !IR ORGANIZ$1 HI]>*ICAL /RATOCRACY4 ,& IT IS 9 ?IS DISCIPL9$ >MY ?AT ! ESS5CE ( ! FRAUD DWELLS1 :I* GIVES TO MOD]N ,GOV]NM5TS DOM9ION OV] ! PEOPLES4 ,:5 ! GOV]NM5TS HAVE 9 !IR P[] ?IS 9/RUM5T ( VIOL5CE & MURD]1 ?AT POSSESSES NO WILL ( ITS [N1 ! :OLE PEOPLE >E 9 !IR H&S1 & !Y DO NOT LET !M GO AGA91 & NOT ONLY PREY UPON !M1 BUT ALSO ABUSE !M1 9/ILL+ 9TO ! PEOPLE1 BY MEANS ( A PSEUDO-RELIGI\S & PATRIOTIC $UCATION1 LOYALTY TO & EV5 ADORATION (1 !MSELVES1 I4E4 ( ! V]Y M5 :O TORM5T ! :OLE PEOPLE BY KEEP+ !M 9 SLAV]Y4 

,IT IS NOT = NO?+ ?AT ALL ! K+S1 EMP]ORS1 & PRESID5TS E/EEM DISCIPL9E SO HI<LY1 >E SO AFRAID ( ANY BREA* ( DISCIPL9E1 & ATTA* ! HI<E/ IMPORTANCE TO REVIEWS1 MANEUV]S1 P>ADES1 C]EMONIAL M>*ES & O!R SU* NONS5SE4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT IT ALL MA9TA9S DISCIPL9E1 & ?AT NOT ONLY !IR P[]1 BUT !IR V]Y EXI/5CE DEP5DS ON DISCIPL9E4 

,DISCIPL9E >MIES >E ! MEANS BY :I* !Y1 )\T US+ !IR [N H&S1 ACCOMPLI% ! GREATE/ ATROCITIES1 ! POSSIBILITY ( P]PETRAT+ :I* GIVE !M P[] OV] ! PEOPLE4 

,&1 !RE=E1 ! ONLY MEANS TO DE/ROY ,GOV]NM5TS IS NOT =CE1 BUT IT IS ! EXPOSURE ( ?IS FRAUD4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y PEOPLE %\LD UND]/&3 ,FIR/1 ?AT 9 ,*RI/5DOM !RE IS NO NE$ TO PROTECT ! PEOPLES ONE FROM ANO!R2 ?AT ALL ! 5MITY ( ! PEOPLES1 ONE TO ANO!R1 >E PRODUC$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5TS !MSELVES1 & ?AT >MIES >E ONLY NE$$ BY ! SMALL NUMB] ( ?OSE :O RULE = ! PEOPLE IT IS NOT ONLY UNNECESS>Y1 BUT IT IS 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE H>MFUL1 S]V+ AS ! 9/RUM5T TO 5?RALL$ !M4 ,SECONDLY1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT PEOPLE %\LD UND]/& ?AT ! DISCIPL9E :I* IS SO HI<LY E/EEM$ BY ALL ! GOV]NM5TS IS ! GREATE/ ( CRIMES ?AT MAN CAN COMMIT1 & IS A CLE> 9DICATION ( ! CRIM9ALITY ( ! AIMS ( GOV]NM5TS4 ,DISCIPL9E IS ! SUPPRESSION ( REASON & ( FRE$OM 9 MAN1 & CAN HAVE NO O!R AIM ?AN PREP>ATION = ! P]=MANCE ( CRIMES SU* AS NO MAN CAN COMMIT :ILE 9 A NORMAL CONDITION4 ,IT IS NOT EV5 NE$$ = W>1 :5 ! W> IS DEF5SIVE & NATIONAL1 AS ! ,BO]S HAVE REC5TLY %[N4 ,IT IS WANT$ & WANT$ ONLY = ! PURPOSE 9DICAT$ BY ,WILLIAM ,I,I43 = ! COMMITTAL ( ! GREATE/ CRIMES1 FRATRICIDE & P>RICIDE4 

,! T]RIBLE OLD MAN :O SAT ON ! TRAVEL]'S %\LD]S BEHAV$ AS ! ,GOV]NM5TS DO4 ,HE MOCK$ HIM & 9SULT$ HIM1 KN[+ ?AT AS LONG AS HE SAT ON ! TRAVEL]'S NECK ! LATT] WAS 9 HIS P[]4 

,& IT IS JU/ ?IS FRAUD1 BY MEANS ( :I* A SMALL NUMB] ( UNWOR?Y PEOPLE1 CALL$ ! ,GOV]NM5T1 HAVE P[] OV] ! PEOPLE1 & NOT ONLY IMPOV]I% !M1 BUT DO :AT IS ! MO/ H>MFUL ( ALL ACTIONS -- P]V]T :OLE G5]ATIONS FROM *ILDHOOD UPW>DS2 JU/ ?IS T]RIBLE FRAUD :I* %\LD BE EXPOS$1 9 ORD] ?AT ! ABOLITION ( ,GOV]NM5T & ( ! SLAV]Y ?AT RESULTS FROM IT MAY BECOME POSSIBLE4 

,! ,G]MAN WRIT]1 ,EUG5E ,S*MITT1 9 ! NEWSPAP] ,OHNE ,/AAT1 ?AT HE PUBLI%$ 9 ,BUDAPE/1 WROTE AN >TICLE ?AT WAS PR(\NDLY TRUE & BOLD1 NOT ONLY 9 EXPRESSION1 BUT 9 ?\<T4 ,9 IT HE %[$ ?AT ,GOV]NM5TS1 JU/IFY+ !IR EXI/5CE ON ! GR\ND ?AT !Y 5SURE A C]TA9 K9D ( SAFETY TO !IR SUBJECTS1 >E LIKE ! ,CALABRIAN ROBB]-*IEF :O COLLECT$ A REGUL> TAX FROM ALL :O WI%$ TO TRAVEL 9 SAFETY ALONG ! HI<WAYS4 ,S*MITT WAS COMMITT$ = TRIAL = ?AT >TICLE1 BUT WAS ACQUITT$ BY ! JURY4 

,WE >E SO HYPNOTIZ$ BY ! GOV]NM5TS ?AT SU* A COMP>ISON SEEMS TO US AN EXAGG]ATION1 A P>ADOX1 OR A JOKE2 BUT 9 REALITY IT IS NOT A P>ADOX OR A JOKE2 ! ONLY 9ACCURACY 9 ! COMP>ISON IS ?AT ! ACTIVITY ( ALL ! ,GOV]NM5TS IS MANY TIMES MORE 9HUMAN &1 ABOVE ALL1 MORE H>MFUL ?AN ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,CALABRIAN ROBB]4 ,! ROBB] G5]ALLY PLUND]$ ! RI*2 ! ,GOV]NM5TS G5]ALLY PLUND] ! POOR & PROTECT ?OSE RI* :O ASSI/ 9 !IR CRIMES4 ,! ROBB] DO+ HIS WORK RISK$ HIS LIFE1 :ILE ! ,GOV]NM5TS RISK NO?+1 BUT BASE !IR :OLE ACTIVITY ON LIES & DECEPTION4 ,! ROBB] DID NOT COMPEL ANY ONE TO JO9 HIS B&1 ! ,GOV]NM5TS G5]ALLY 5ROLL !IR SOLDI]S BY =CE4 ,ALL :O PAID ! TAX TO ! ROBB] HAD EQUAL SECURITY FROM DANG]4 ,BUT 9 ! /ATE1 ! MORE ANY ONE TAKES P>T 9 ! ORGANIZ$ FRAUD ! MORE HE RECEIVES NOT M]ELY ( PROTECTION1 BUT ALSO ( REW>D4 ,MO/ ( ALL1 ! EMP]ORS1 K+S & PRESID5TS >E PROTECT$ 7) !IR P]PETUAL BODYGU>DS71 & !Y CAN SP5D ! L>GE/ %>E ( ! MONEY COLLECT$ FROM ! TAXPAY+ SUBJECTS4 ,NEXT 9 ! SCALE ( P>TICIPATION 9 ! GOV]NM5TAL CRIMES COME ! COMM&]S-9-*IEF1 ! M9I/]S1 ! HEADS ( POLICE1 GOV]NORS1 & SO ON1 D[N TO ! POLICEM51 :O >E LEA/ PROTECT$1 & :O RECEIVE ! SMALLE/ SAL>IES ( ALL4 ,?OSE :O DO NOT TAKE ANY P>T 9 ! CRIMES ( GOV]NM5T1 :O REFUSE TO S]VE1 TO PAY TAXES1 OR TO GO TO LAW1 >E SUBJECT$ TO VIOL5CE2 AS AMONG ! ROBB]S4 ,! ROBB] DOES NOT 9T5TIONALLY VITIATE PEOPLE2 BUT ! GOV]NM5TS1 TO ACCOMPLI% !IR 5DS1 VITIATE :OLE G5]ATIONS FROM *ILDHOOD TO MANHOOD ) FALSE RELIGIONS & PATRIOTIC 9/RUCTION4 ,ABOVE ALL1 NOT EV5 ! MO/ CRUEL ROBB]1 NO ,/5KA ,RAZ9#a OR ,C>T\*E#b CAN BE COMP>$ = CRUELTY1 PITILESSNESS & +5UITY 9 TORTUR+1 ,I WILL NOT SAY ) ! VILLA9 K+S NOTORI\S = !IR CRUELTY1 -- ,JOHN ! ,T]RIBLE1 ,L\IS ,X,I41 ! ,ELIZABE?S1 ETC41 -- BUT EV5 ) ! PRES5T CON/ITUTIONAL & ,LIB]AL ,GOV]NM5TS1 ) !IR SOLIT>Y CELLS1 DISCIPL9>Y BATTALIONS1 SUPPRESSIONS ( REVOLTS1 & !IR MASSACRES 9 W>4 

,T[>DS ,GOV]NM5TS1 AS T[>DS ,*UR*ES1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO FEEL O!RWISE ?AN ) V5]ATION OR AV]SION4 

,UNTIL A MAN HAS UND]/OOD :AT A ,GOV]NM5T IS & UNTIL HE HAS UND]/OOD :AT A ,*UR* IS HE CANNOT BUT FEEL V5]ATION T[>DS ?OSE 9/ITUTIONS4 ,AS LONG AS HE IS GUID$ BY !M HIS VANITY MAKES IT NECESS>Y = HIM TO ?9K ?AT :AT GUIDES HIM IS SOME?+ PRIMAL1 GREAT & HOLY2 BUT AS SOON AS HE UND]/&S ?AT :AT GUIDES HIM IS NOT SOME?+ PRIMAL & HOLY1 BUT ?AT IT IS A FRAUD C>RI$ \T BY UNWOR?Y PEOPLE1 :O1 UND] ! PRET5SE ( GUID+ HIM1 MAKE USE ( HIM = !IR [N P]SONAL 5DS1 HE CANNOT BUT AT ONCE FEEL AV]SION T[>DS !SE PEOPLE1 & ! MORE IMPORTANT ! SIDE ( HIS LIFE ?AT HAS BE5 GUID$ ! MORE AV]SION WILL HE FEEL4 

,PEOPLE CANNOT BUT FEEL ?IS :5 !Y HAVE UND]/OOD :AT ,GOV]NM5TS >E4 

,PEOPLE MU/ FEEL ?AT !IR P>TICIPATION 9 ! CRIM9AL ACTIVITY ( ,GOV]NM5TS1 :E!R BY GIV+ P>T ( !IR WORK 9 ! =M ( MONEY1 OR BY DIRECT P>TICIPATION 9 MILIT>Y S]VICE1 IS NOT1 AS IS G5]ALLY SUPPOS$1 AN 9DIFF]5T ACTION1 BUT1 BESIDES BE+ H>MFUL TO ONE'S SELF & TO ONE'S BRO!RS1 IS A P>TICIPATION 9 ! CRIMES UNCEAS+LY COMMITT$ BY ALL ,GOV]NM5TS & A PREP>ATION = NEW CRIMES1 :I* ,GOV]NM5TS >E ALWAYS PREP>+ BY MA9TA9+ DISCIPL9$ >MIES4 

,! AGE ( V5]ATION = GOV]NM5TS1 NOT)/&+ ALL ! HYPNOTIC 9FLU5CE !Y EMPLOY TO MA9TA9 !IR POSITION1 IS MORE & MORE PASS+ AWAY4 ,& IT IS TIME = PEOPLE TO UND]/& ?AT ,GOV]NM5TS NOT ONLY >E NOT NECESS>Y1 BUT >E H>MFUL & MO/ HI<LY IMMORAL 9/ITUTIONS1 9 :I* A SELF-RESPECT+1 HONE/ MAN CANNOT & MU/ NOT TAKE P>T1 & ! ADVANTAGES ( :I* HE CANNOT & %\LD NOT 5JOY4 

,& AS SOON AS PEOPLE CLE>LY UND]/& ?AT1 !Y WILL NATURALLY CEASE TO TAKE P>T 9 SU* DE$S1 I4E4 CEASE TO GIVE ! ,GOV]NM5TS SOLDI]S & MONEY4 ,& AS SOON AS A MAJORITY ( PEOPLE CEASES TO DO ?IS ! FRAUD :I* 5SLAVES PEOPLE WILL BE ABOLI%$4 

,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY CAN PEOPLE BE FRE$ FROM SLAV]Y4 

,NOTES 

#a ,! ,COSSACK LEAD] ( A =MIDABLE 9SURRECTION 9 ! LATT] HALF ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY4 -- 7,TRANS474 

#b ,! *IEF ( A ,P>IS B& ( ROBB]S 9 ! E>LY YE>S ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY4 -- 7,TRANS474 

,*,A,P,T,] ,X,V - ,:,A,T ,%,\,L,D ,E,A,* ,M,A,N ,D,O8 

0,BUT ALL !SE >E G5]AL CONSID]ATIONS1 & :E!R !Y >E CORRECT OR NOT1 !Y >E 9APPLICABLE TO LIFE10 WILL BE ! REM>K MADE BY PEOPLE ACCU/OM$ TO !IR POSITION1 & :O DO NOT CONSID] IT POSSIBLE1 OR :O DO NOT WI%1 TO *ANGE IT4 

0,TELL US :AT TO DO1 & H[ TO ORGANIZE SOCIETY10 IS :AT PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES USUALLY SAY4 

,PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES >E SO ACCU/OM$ TO !IR ROLE ( SLAVE [N]S ?AT :5 !RE IS TALK ( IMPROV+ ! WORK]S' CONDITION1 !Y AT ONCE BEG91 LIKE \R S]F [N]S BE=E ! EMANCIPATION1 TO DEVISE ALL SORTS ( PLANS = !IR SLAVES2 BUT IT NEV] OCCURS TO !M ?AT !Y HAVE NO RI<T TO DISPOSE ( O!R PEOPLE1 & ?AT IF !Y REALLY WI% TO DO GOOD TO PEOPLE1 ! ONE ?+ !Y CAN & %\LD DO IS TO CEASE TO DO ! EVIL !Y >E N[ DO+4 ,& ! EVIL !Y DO IS V]Y DEF9ITE & CLE>4 ,IT IS NOT M]ELY ?AT !Y EMPLOY COMPULSORY SLAVE LABOR1 & DO NOT WI% TO CEASE FROM EMPLOY+ IT1 BUT ?AT !Y ALSO TAKE P>T 9 E/ABLI%+ & MA9TA9+ ?IS COMPULSION ( LABOR4 ,?AT IS :AT !Y %\LD CEASE TO DO4 

,! WORK+ PEOPLE >E ALSO SO P]V]T$ BY !IR COMPULSORY SLAV]Y ?AT IT SEEMS TO MO/ ( !M ?AT IF !IR POSITION IS A BAD ONE1 IT IS ! FAULT ( ! MA/]S1 :O PAY !M TOO LITTLE & :O [N ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,IT DOES NOT 5T] !IR HEADS ?AT !IR BAD POSITION DEP5DS 5TIRELY ON !MSELVES1 & ?AT IF ONLY !Y WI% TO IMPROVE !IR [N & !IR BRO!RS' POSITIONS1 & NOT M]ELY EA* TO DO ! BE/ HE CAN = HIMSELF1 ! GREAT ?+ = !M TO DO IS !MSELVES TO CEASE TO DO EVIL4 ,& ! EVIL ?AT !Y DO IS ?AT1 DESIR+ TO IMPROVE !IR MAT]IAL POSITION BY ! SAME MEANS :I* HAVE BR\<T !M 9TO BONDAGE1 -- ! WORK]S 7= ! SAKE ( SATISFY+ ! HABITS !Y HAVE ADOPT$71 SACRIFIC+ !IR HUMAN DIGNITY & FRE$OM1 ACCEPT HUMILIAT+ & IMMORAL EMPLOYM5T OR PRODUCE UNNECESS>Y & H>MFUL >TICLES1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 !Y MA9TA9 ,GOV]NM5TS1 -- TAK+ P>T 9 !M BY PAY+ TAXES & BY DIRECT S]VICE -- & ?US !Y 5?RALL$ !MSELVES4 

,9 ORD] ?AT ! /ATE ( ?+S MAY BE IMPROV$1 BO? ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES & ! WORK]S MU/ UND]/& ?AT IMPROVEM5T CANNOT BE EFFECT$ BY SAFEGU>D+ ONE'S [N 9T]E/S4 ,S]VICE 9VOLVES SACRIFICE1 &1 !RE=E1 IF PEOPLE REALLY WI% TO IMPROVE ! POSITION ( !IR BRO!R M51 & NOT M]ELY !IR [N1 !Y MU/ BE READY NOT ONLY TO ALT] ! WAY ( LIFE TO :I* !Y >E ACCU/OM$1 & TO LOSE ?OSE ADVANTAGES :I* !Y HAVE HELD1 BUT !Y MU/ BE READY = AN 9T5SE /RUGGLE1 NOT AGA9/ GOV]NM5TS1 BUT AGA9/ !MSELVES & !IR FAMILIES1 & MU/ BE READY TO SUFF] P]SECUTION = NON-FULFILLM5T ( ! DEM&S ( ,GOV]NM5T4 

,&1 !RE=E1 ! REPLY TO ! QUE/ION -- ,:AT IS IT WE MU/ DO8 -- IS V]Y SIMPLE1 & NOT M]ELY DEF9ITE1 BUT ALWAYS 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE APPLICABLE & PRACTICABLE = EA* MAN1 ?\< IT IS NOT :AT IS EXPECT$ BY ?OSE :O1 LIKE PEOPLE ( ! WELL-TO-DO CLASSES1 >E FULLY CONV9C$ ?AT !Y >E APPO9T$ TO CORRECT NOT !MSELVES 7!Y >E ALREADY GOOD71 BUT TO TEA* & CORRECT O!R PEOPLE2 & BY ?OSE :O1 LIKE ! WORKM51 >E SURE ?AT NOT !Y 7BUT ONLY ! CAPITALI/S7 >E 9 FAULT = !IR PRES5T BAD POSITION1 & ?9K ?AT ?+S CAN ONLY BE PUT RI<T BY TAK+ FROM ! CAPITALI/S ! ?+S !Y USE1 & >RANG+ SO ?AT ALL MI<T MAKE USE ( ?OSE CONV5I5CES ( LIFE :I* >E N[ ONLY US$ BY ! RI*4 ,! ANSW] IS V]Y DEF9ITE1 APPLICABLE1 & PRACTICABLE1 = IT DEM&S ! ACTIVITY ( ?AT ONE P]SON OV] :OM EA* ( US HAS REAL1 RI<TFUL1 & UNQUE/IONABLE P[]1 NAMELY1 ONESELF2 & IT CONSI/S 9 ?IS1 ?AT IF A MAN -- :E!R SLAVE OR SLAVE [N] -- REALLY WI%ES TO BETT] NOT HIS POSITION ALONE1 BUT ! POSITION ( PEOPLE 9 G5]AL1 HE MU/ NOT HIMSELF DO ?OSE WRONG ?+S :I* 5?RALL$ HIM & HIS BRO!RS4 ,& 9 ORD] NOT TO DO ! EVIL :I* PRODUCES MIS]Y = HIMSELF & = HIS BRO!RS1 HE %\LD1 FIR/ ( ALL1 NEI!R WILL+LY NOR UND] COMPULSION TAKE ANY P>T 9 ,GOV]NM5TAL ACTIVITY1 & %\LD1 !RE=E1 BE NEI!R A SOLDI]1 NOR A ,FIELD-,M>%AL1 NOR A ,M9I/]-(-,/ATE1 NOR A TAX- COLLECTOR1 NOR A WITNESS1 NOR AN ALD]MAN1 NOR A JURYMAN1 NOR A GOV]NOR1 NOR A ,MEMB] ( ,P>LIAM5T1 NOR1 9 FACT1 HOLD ANY (FICE CONNECT$ ) VIOL5CE4 ,?AT IS ONE ?+4 

,SECONDLY1 SU* A MAN %\LD NOT VOLUNT>ILY PAY TAXES TO GOV]NM5TS1 EI!R DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY2 NOR %\LD HE ACCEPT MONEY COLLECT$ BY TAXES1 EI!R AS SAL>Y1 OR AS P5SION1 OR AS A REW>D2 NOR %\LD HE MAKE USE ( GOV]NM5TAL 9/ITUTIONS1 SUPPORT$ BY TAXES COLLECT$ BY VIOL5CE FROM ! PEOPLE4 ,?AT IS ! SECOND ?+4 

,?IRDLY1 A MAN :O DESIRES NOT TO PROMOTE HIS [N WELL-BE+ ALONE1 BUT TO BETT] ! POSITION ( PEOPLE 9 G5]AL1 %\LD NOT APPEAL TO ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE = ! PROTECTION ( HIS [N POSSESSIONS 9 L& OR 9 O!R ?+S1 NOR TO DEF5D HIM & HIS NE> ONES2 BUT %\LD ONLY POSSESS L& & ALL PRODUCTS ( HIS [N OR O!R PEOPLE'S TOIL1 9 SO F> AS O!RS DO NOT CLAIM !M FROM HIM4 

0,BUT SU* AN ACTIVITY IS IMPOSSIBLE2 TO REFUSE ALL P>TICIPATION 9 ,GOV]NM5TAL AFFAIRS MEANS TO REFUSE TO LIVE0 -- IS :AT PEOPLE WILL SAY4 0,A MAN :O REFUSES MILIT>Y S]VICE WILL BE IMPRISON$2 A MAN :O DOES NOT PAY TAXES WILL BE PUNI%$ & ! TAX WILL BE COLLECT$ FROM HIS PROP]TY2 A MAN :O1 HAV+ NO O!R MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD1 REFUSES ,GOV]NM5T S]VICE1 WILL P]I% ( HUNG] ) HIS FAMILY2 ! SAME WILL BEFALL A MAN :O REJECTS ,GOV]NM5TAL PROTECTION = HIS PROP]TY & HIS P]SON2 NOT TO MAKE USE ( ?+S ?AT >E TAX$ OR ( ,GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS1 IS QUITE IMPOSSIBLE1 AS ! MO/ NECESS>Y >TICLES >E (T5 TAX$2 & JU/ 9 ! SAME WAY IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO DO )\T ,GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS1 SU* AS ! PO/1 ! ROADS1 ETC40 

,IT IS QUITE TRUE ?AT IT IS DIFFICULT = A MAN ( \R TIMES TO /& ASIDE FROM ALL P>TICIPATION 9 ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE4 ,BUT ! FACT ?AT NOT EV]Y ONE CAN SO >RANGE HIS LIFE AS NOT TO P>TICIPATE 9 SOME DEGREE 9 ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE DOES NOT AT ALL %[ ?AT IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO FREE ONE'S SELF FROM IT MORE & MORE4 ,NOT EV]Y MAN WILL HAVE ! /R5G? TO REFUSE CONSCRIPTION 7?\< !RE >E & WILL BE SU* M571 BUT EA* MAN CAN AB/A9 FROM VOLUNT>ILY 5T]+ ! >MY1 ! POLICE =CE1 & ! JUDICIAL OR REV5UE S]VICE2 & CAN GIVE ! PREF]5CE TO A WORSE PAID PRIVATE S]VICE RA!R ?AN TO A BETT] PAID PUBLIC S]VICE4 ,NOT EV]Y MAN WILL HAVE ! /R5G? TO R5\NCE HIS L&$ E/ATES 7?\< !RE >E PEOPLE :O DO ?AT71 BUT EV]Y MAN CAN1 UND]/&+ ! WRONGFULNESS ( SU* PROP]TY1 DIM9I% ITS EXT5T4 ,NOT EV]Y MAN CAN R5\NCE ! POSSESSION ( CAPITAL 7!RE >E SOME :O DO7 OR ! USE ( >TICLES DEF5D$ BY VIOL5CE1 BUT EA* MAN CAN1 BY DIM9I%+ HIS [N REQUIREM5TS1 BE LESS & LESS 9 NE$ ( >TICLES :I* PROVOKE O!R PEOPLE TO 5VY4 ,NOT EV]Y (FICIAL CAN R5\NCE HIS ,GOV]NM5T SAL>Y 7?\< !RE >E M5 :O PREF] HUNG] TO DI%ONE/ ,GOV]NM5TAL EMPLOYM5T71 BUT EV]Y ONE CAN PREF] A SMALL] SAL>Y TO A L>G] ONE = ! SAKE ( HAV+ DUTIES LESS B\ND UP ) VIOL5CE2 NOT EV]Y ONE CAN REFUSE TO MAKE USE ( ,GOV]NM5T S*OOLS#a 7?\< !RE >E SOME :O DO71 BUT EV]Y ONE CAN GIVE ! PREF]5CE TO PRIVATE S*OOLS1 & EA* CAN MAKE LESS & LESS USE ( >TICLES ?AT >E TAX$1 & ( ,GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS4 

,BETWE5 ! EXI/+ ORD]1 BAS$ ON BRUTE =CE1 & ! IDEAL ( A SOCIETY BAS$ ON REASONABLE AGREEM5T CONFIRM$ BY CU/OM1 !RE >E AN 9F9ITE NUMB] ( /EPS1 :I* MANK9D >E ASC5D+1 & ! APPROA* TO ! IDEAL IS ONLY ACCOMPLI%$ TO ! EXT5T TO :I* PEOPLE FREE !MSELVES FROM P>TICIPATION 9 VIOL5CE1 FROM TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( IT1 & FROM BE+ ACCU/OM$ TO IT4 

,WE DO NOT KN[ & CANNOT SEE1 /ILL LESS1 LIKE ! PSEUDO-SCI5TIFIC M51 =ETELL1 9 :AT WAY ?IS GRADUAL WEAK5+ ( GOV]NM5TS & EMANCIPATION ( PEOPLE WILL COME AB\T2 NOR DO WE KN[ :AT NEW =MS MAN'S LIFE WILL TAKE AS ! GRADUAL EMANCIPATION PROGRESSES1 BUT WE C]TA9LY DO KN[ ?AT ! LIFE ( PEOPLE :O1 HAV+ UND]/OOD ! CRIM9ALITY & H>MFULNESS ( ! ACTIVITY ( ,GOV]NM5TS1 /RIVE NOT TO MAKE USE ( !M1 OR TO TAKE P>T 9 !M1 WILL BE QUITE DIFF]5T & MORE 9 ACCORD ) ! LAW ( LIFE & \R [N CONSCI5CES ?AN ! PRES5T LIFE1 9 :I* PEOPLE !MSELVES P>TICIPAT+ 9 ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE & TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( IT1 MAKE A PRET5SE ( /RUGGL+ AGA9/ IT1 & TRY TO DE/ROY ! OLD VIOL5CE BY NEW VIOL5CE4 

,! *IEF ?+ IS ?AT ! PRES5T >RANGEM5T ( LIFE IS BAD2 AB\T ?AT ALL >E AGRE$4 ,! CAUSE ( ! BAD CONDITIONS & ( ! EXI/+ SLAV]Y LIES 9 ! VIOL5CE US$ BY ,GOV]NM5TS4 ,!RE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO ABOLI% ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE3 ?AT PEOPLE %\LD AB/A9 FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 VIOL5CE4 ,&1 !RE=E1 :E!R IT BE DIFFICULT OR NOT1 TO AB/A9 FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE1 & :E!R ! GOOD RESULTS ( SU* AB/95CE WILL OR WILL NOT BE SOON APP>5T1 -- >E SUP]FLU\S QUE/IONS2 BECAUSE TO LIB]ATE PEOPLE FROM SLAV]Y !RE IS ONLY ?AT ONE WAY1 -- & NO O!R6 

,TO :AT EXT5T & :5 VOLUNT>Y AGREEM5T1 CONFIRM$ BY CU/OM1 WILL REPLACE VIOL5CE 9 EA* SOCIETY & 9 ! :OLE WORLD WILL DEP5D ON ! /R5G? & CLE>NESS ( PEOPLE'S CONSCI\SNESS & ON ! NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS :O MAKE ?IS CONSCI\SNESS !IR [N4 ,EA* ( US IS A SEP>ATE P]SON1 & EA* CAN BE A P>TICIPATOR 9 ! G5]AL MOVEM5T ( HUMANITY BY HIS GREAT] OR LESS] CLE>NESS ( RECOGNITION ( ! AIM BE=E US1 OR HE CAN BE AN OPPON5T ( PROGRESS4 ,EA* WILL HAVE TO MAKE HIS *OICE3 TO OPPOSE ! WILL ( ,GOD1 BUILD+ UPON ! S&S ! UN/ABLE H\SE ( HIS BRIEF1 ILLUSIVE LIFE1 -- OR TO JO9 9 ! ET]NAL1 DEA?LESS MOVEM5T ( TRUE LIFE 9 ACCORDANCE ) ,GOD'S WILL4 

,BUT P]HAPS ,I AM MI/AK51 & ! RI<T CONCLUSIONS TO DRAW FROM HUMAN HI/ORY >E !SE1 & ! HUMAN RACE IS NOT MOV+ T[>D EMANCIPATION FROM SLAV]Y2 P]HAPS IT CAN BE PROV$ ?AT VIOL5CE IS A NE$FUL FACTOR ( PROGRESS1 & ?AT ! /ATE1 ) ITS VIOL5CE1 IS A NECESS>Y =M ( LIFE1 & ?AT IT WILL BE WORSE = PEOPLE IF ,GOV]NM5TS >E ABOLI%$ & IF ! DEF5SE ( \R P]SONS & PROP]TY IS ABOLI%$4 

,LET US GRANT IT TO BE SO1 & SAY ?AT ALL ! =EGO+ REASON+ IS WRONG2 BUT BESIDES ! G5]AL CONSID]ATIONS AB\T ! LIFE ( HUMANITY1 EA* MAN HAS ALSO TO FACE ! QUE/ION ( HIS [N LIFE2 & NOT)/&+ ANY CONSID]ATIONS AB\T ! G5]AL LAWS ( LIFE1 A MAN CANNOT DO :AT HE ADMITS TO BE NOT M]ELY H>MFUL1 BUT WRONG4 

0,V]Y POSSIBLY ! REASON+ %[+ ! /ATE TO BE A NECESS>Y =M ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 & ,GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE TO BE NECESS>Y = ! GOOD ( ,SOCIETY1 CAN ALL BE D$UC$ FROM HI/ORY1 & >E ALL CORRECT10 EA* HONE/ & S9C]E MAN ( \R TIMES WILL REPLY2 0BUT MURD] IS AN EVIL1 ?AT ,I KN[ MORE C]TA9LY ?AN ANY REASON+S2 BY DEM&+ ?AT ,I %\LD 5T] ! >MY OR PAY = HIR+ & EQUIPP+ SOLDI]S1 OR = BUY+ CANNONS & BUILD+ IRONCLADS1 Y\ WI% TO MAKE ME AN ACCOMPLICE 9 MURD]1 & ?AT ,I CANNOT & WILL NOT BE4 ,NEI!R DO ,I WI%1 NOR CAN ,I1 MAKE USE ( MONEY Y\ HAVE COLLECT$ FROM HUNGRY PEOPLE ) ?REATS ( MURD]2 NOR DO ,I WI% TO MAKE USE ( L& OR CAPITAL DEF5D$ BY Y\1 BECAUSE ,I KN[ ?AT Y\R DEF5SE RE/S ON MURD]4 

0,I C\LD DO !SE ?+S :5 ,I DID NOT UND]/& ALL !IR CRIM9ALITY1 BUT :5 ,I HAVE ONCE SE5 IT1 ,I CANNOT AVOID SEE+ IT1 & CAN NO LONG] TAKE P>T 9 !SE ?+S4 

0,I KN[ ?AT WE >E ALL SO B\ND UP BY VIOL5CE ?AT IT IS DIFFICULT TO AVOID IT ALTOGE!R1 BUT ,I WILL1 NEV]!LESS1 DO ALL ,I CAN NOT TO TAKE P>T 9 IT2 ,I WILL NOT BE AN ACCOMPLICE TO IT1 & WILL TRY NOT TO MAKE USE ( :AT IS OBTA9$ & DEF5D$ BY MURD]4 

0,I HAVE BUT ONE LIFE1 & :Y %\LD ,I1 9 ?IS BRIEF LIFE ( M9E1 ACT CONTR>Y TO ! VOICE ( CONSCI5CE & BECOME A P>TN] 9 Y\R ABOM9ABLE DE$S8 -- ,I CANNOT1 & ,I WILL NOT4 

0,& :AT WILL COME ( ?IS8 ,I DO NOT KN[4 ,ONLY ,I ?9K NO H>M CAN RESULT FROM ACT+ AS MY CONSCI5CE DEM&S40 

,SO 9 \R TIME %\LD EA* HONE/ & S9C]E MAN REPLY TO ALL ! >GUM5TS AB\T ! NECESSITY ( GOV]NM5TS & ( VIOL5CE1 & TO EV]Y DEM& OR 9VITATION TO TAKE P>T 9 !M4 

,! CONCLUSION TO :I* G5]AL REASON+ %\LD BR+ US1 IS ?US CONFIRM$ TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 BY ?AT SUPREME & UNIMPA*ABLE JUDGE -- ! VOICE ( CONSCI5CE4 

,NOTES 

#a ,) REF]5CE TO S*OOLS1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES >E DIFF]5T 9 ,RUSSIA TO :AT !Y >E 9 ,5GL&4 ,FREE ,5GL& HAS COMPULSORY $UCATION2 ,RUSSIA HAS NOT4 ,BUT 9 ,RUSSIA ! ,GOV]NM5T H9D]S ! E/ABLI%M5T ( PRIVATE S*OOLS1 & R$UCES EV5 ! UNIV]SITIES TO ! POSITION ( ,GOV]NM5T 9/ITUTIONS1 WAT*$ BY SPIES4 7,TRANS474 

,A,N ,A,F,T,],W,O,R,D 

0,BUT ?IS IS AGA9 ! SAME OLD S]MON3 ON ! ONE H&1 URG+ ! DE/RUCTION ( ! PRES5T ORD] ( ?+S )\T PUTT+ ANY?+ 9 ITS PLACE2 ON ! O!R H&1 EXHORT+ TO NON-ACTION1 IS :AT MANY WILL SAY ON READ+ :AT ,I HAVE WRITT54 0,GOV]NM5TAL ACTION IS BAD1 SO IS ! ACTION ( ! L&[N] & ( ! MAN ( BUS9ESS2 EQUALLY BAD IS ! ACTIVITY ( ! SOCIALI/ & ( ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/S2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ALL REAL1 PRACTICAL ACTIVITIES >E BAD1 & ONLY SOME SORT ( MORAL1 SPIRITUAL1 9DEF9ITE ACTIVITY :I* BR+S EV]Y?+ TO UTT] *AOS & 9ACTION IS GOOD40 ,?US ,I KN[ MANY S]I\S & S9C]E PEOPLE WILL ?9K & SPEAK6 

,:AT SEEMS TO PEOPLE MO/ DI/URB+ 9 ! IDEA ( NO VIOL5CE IS ?AT PROP]TY WILL NOT BE PROTECT$1 & ?AT EA* MAN WILL1 !RE=E1 BE ABLE TO TAKE FROM ANO!R :AT HE NE$S OR M]ELY LIKES1 & TO GO UNPUNI%$4 ,TO PEOPLE ACCU/OM$ TO ! DEF5SE ( PROP]TY & P]SON BY VIOL5CE IT SEEMS ?AT )\T SU* DEF5SE !RE WILL BE P]PETUAL DISORD]1 A CON/ANT /RUGGLE ( EV]Y ONE AGA9/ EV]Y ONE ELSE4 

,I WILL NOT REPEAT :AT ,I HAVE SAID ELSE:]E TO %[ ?AT ! DEF5SE ( PROP]TY BY VIOL5CE DOES NOT LESS51 BUT 9CREASES1 ?IS DISORD]4 ,BUT ALL[+ ?AT 9 ! ABS5CE ( DEF5SE DISORD] MAY OCCUR1 :AT >E PEOPLE TO DO :O HAVE UND]/OOD ! CAUSE ( ! CALAMITIES FROM :I* !Y >E SUFF]+8 

,IF WE HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT WE >E ILL FROM DRUNK5NESS1 WE MU/ CONT9UE TO DR9K1 HOP+ TO M5D MATT]S BY DR9K+ MOD]ATELY1 OR CONT9UE DR9K+ & TAKE M$IC9ES ?AT %ORTSI<T$ DOCTORS GIVE US4 

,& IT IS ! SAME ) \R SOCIAL SICKNESS4 ,IF WE HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT WE >E ILL BECAUSE SOME PEOPLE USE VIOL5CE TO O!RS1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO IMPROVE ! POSITION ( SOCIETY EI!R BY CONT9U+ TO SUPPORT ! GOV]NM5TAL VIOL5CE ?AT EXI/S1 OR BY 9TRODUC+ A FRE% K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y OR SOCIALI/ VIOL5CE4 ,?AT MI<T HAVE BE5 DONE AS LONG AS ! FUNDAM5TAL CAUSE ( PEOPLE'S MIS]Y WAS NOT CLE>LY SE54 ,BUT AS SOON AS IT HAS BECOME 9DUBITABLY CLE> ?AT PEOPLE SUFF] FROM ! VIOL5CE DONE BY SOME TO O!RS1 IT IS ALREADY IMPOSSIBLE TO IMPROVE ! POSITION BY CONT9U+ ! OLD VIOL5CE OR BY 9TRODUC+ A NEW K9D4 ,AS ! SICK MAN SUFF]+ FROM ALCOHOLISM HAS BUT ONE WAY TO BE CUR$ -- BY REFRA9+ FROM 9TOXICANTS :I* >E ! CAUSE ( HIS ILLNESS2 SO !RE IS ONLY ONE WAY TO FREE M5 FROM ! EVIL >RANGEM5T ( SOCIETY1 & ?AT IS1 TO REFRA9 FROM VIOL5CE1 ! CAUSE ( ! SUFF]+1 FROM P]SONAL VIOL5CE1 FROM PREA*+ VIOL5CE1 & FROM 9 ANY WAY JU/IFY+ VIOL5CE4 

,& NOT ONLY IS ?IS ! SOLE MEANS TO DELIV] PEOPLE FROM !IR ILLS1 BUT WE MU/ ALSO ADOPT IT BECAUSE IT CO9CIDES ) ! MORAL CONSCI\SNESS ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL MAN ( \R TIMES4 ,IF A MAN ( \R DAY HAS ONCE UND]/OOD ?AT EV]Y DEF5SE ( PROP]TY OR P]SON BY VIOL5CE IS OBTA9$ ONLY BY ?REAT5+ TO MURD] OR BY MURD]+1 HE CAN NO LONG] ) A QUIET CONSCI5CE MAKE USE ( ?AT :I* IS OBTA9$ BY MURD] OR BY ?REATS ( MURD]1 & /ILL LESS CAN HE TAKE P>T 9 ! MURD]S OR 9 ?REAT5+ TO MURD]4 ,SO ?AT :AT IS WANT$ TO FREE PEOPLE FROM !IR MIS]Y IS ALSO NE$$ = ! SATISFACTION ( ! MORAL CONSCI\SNESS ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL4 ,&1 !RE=E1 = EA* 9DIVIDUAL !RE CAN BE NO D\BT ?AT BO? = ! G5]AL GOOD & TO FULFILL ! LAW ( HIS LIFE HE MU/ TAKE NO P>T 9 VIOL5CE1 NOR JU/IFY IT1 NOR MAKE USE ( IT4 

,! ,5,D 

7,S\RCE3 ,! ,FREE ,AGE ,PRESS1 ,MALDON1 ,ESSEX #a#i47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

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