,P>T #a - ,*APT] #a 
,/RUGGLE ,AGA9/ ,R5T 

#aibfaibf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO 

,TEXT 3 

,! MON? ( ,JUNE4 ,! PEASANTS ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLE RAION REFUS$ TO PAY ! SECOND 9/ALLM5T ( !IR L& R5T TO ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS4 ,!Y HOP$ ?AT AFT] ! H>VE/ !Y W\LD SEIZE ! L& !MSELVES )\T 5T]+ 9TO ANY NEGOTIATIONS ) EI!R ! [N]S ( ! GOV]NM5T :I* PROTECT$ ! [N]S4 ,!N ! PEASANTS W\LD DIVIDE ! L& BETWE5 !MSELVES & ANY FACTORY WORK]S :O WI%$ TO CULTIVATE IT !MSELVES4 

,SEV]AL O!R UYEZDS & RAIONS FOLL[$ ! EXAMPLE ( ,GULYAI-,POLE4 

,9 ,ALEKS&ROVSK !RE WAS AL>M AMONG ! GOV]NM5T AU?ORITIES & !IR AG5TS FROM ! ,SOCIALI/ & ,CON/ITUTIONAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TIES -- ! ,S-,RS1 ,S-,DS1 & ,KADETS4 ,) ! TE*NICAL & F9ANCIAL ASSI/ANCE ( ! ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEES & ! GOV]NM5T COMMISS>1 ! REVOLUTION>Y UYEZDS & RAIONS W]E 9UNDAT$ ) P>TY PROPAG&I/S-AGITATORS1 APPEAL+ TO ! PEASANTS NOT TO UND]M9E ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,PROVISIONAL 0,REVOLUTION>Y0 ,GOV]NM5T :I*1 !Y SAID1 WAS V]Y CONC]N$ ) ! FATE ( ! PEASANTS & 9T5D$ 9 ! V]Y NE> FUTURE TO CONV5E ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,& UNTIL ?IS 0COMPET5T0 9/ITUTION CONV5$1 & UNTIL IT HAS ISSU$ ITS OP9ION AB\T L& RE=M1 NO ONE HAD ! RI<T TO 9FR+E ON ! [N]%IP RI<TS ( ! POME%*IKS & O!R L&[N]S4 ,& HA/ILY1 ON ORD]S FROM ! TOP1 ! ,L& ,DEP>TM5TS W]E R5AM$ ,L& ,COMMITTEES & SEP>AT$ FROM ! ,PUBLIC ,COMMITTEES AS 9DEP5D5T 5TITIES4 ,!SE ,L& ,COMMITTEES W]E 9VE/$ ) ! RI<T TO COLLECT FROM ! PEASANTS ! R5T = L& R5T$ BY !M FROM ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS4 ,! LOCAL RAION ,L& ,COMMITTEES W]E SUPPOS$ TO S5D !SE PAYM5TS TO ! UYEZD ,L& ,COMMITTEES :I* W\LD !N H& OV] ! MONEY TO ! L&[N]S4 

,! PROPAG&I/-AGITATORS ( ! V>I\S P>TIES BRAZ5LY TOLD ! PEASANTS ?AT ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS /ILL HAD HUGE TAXES TO PAY = !IR L&4 0,\R REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T10 !Y SAID1 0IS DEM&+ PAYM5T & ! 'POOR' L&[N]S HAVE NO:]E ELSE TO GET ! MONEY ?AN FROM ! PEASANTS TO :OM !Y R5T$ !IR L&40 

,A BITT] /RUGGLE TOOK PLACE BETWE5 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P ( ,GULYAI-,POLE & ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNION ON ! ONE H& -- & !SE AG5TS & ! GOV]NM5T BUREAUCRACY :I* SUPPORT$ !M ON ! O!R H&4 ,& UND] ! PROTECTION ( ! GOV]NM5T W]E ! WELL-ORGANIZ$ RURAL1 9DU/RIAL1 & COMM]CIAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,! PEASANTS AT ! MEET+S HELD BY ORD] ( ! GOV]NM5T COMMISS>S DRAGG$ D[N FROM ! PODIUM ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ?OSE GR\PS :I* SUPPORT$ ! ,PROVISIONAL 0,REVOLUTION>Y0 ,GOV]NM5T & BEAT !M = !IR ABOM9ABLE SPEE*ES1 HYPOCRITICALLY ADORN$ ) REVOLUTION>Y PHRASES1 DESIGN$ TO DEFLECT ! PEASANTS FROM !IR MA9 GOAL3 TO TAKE POSSESSION ( !IR [N HI/ORICAL LEGACY -- ! L&4 

,9 SOME LOCALES1 ! BEWILD]$ PEASANTS1 D\BT+ !IR [N JU/ /RIV+S1 GA!R$ !IR LA/ KOPECK TO PAY !IR R5T TO F]OCI\S L&[N]S1 :O W]E SUPPORT$ BY ! ,*UR*1 ! ,/ATE1 & ITS HIR$ S]VANT -- ! GOV]NM5T4 

,BUT EV5 ?OSE PEASANTS :O W]E LEAD 9TO ]ROR DID NOT LOSE HOPE = VICTORY OV] !IR 5EMIES4 ,!Y LI/5$ ) GREAT ATT5TION TO ! CALL ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P & ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNION3 0,DON'T LOSE HOPE & BRAVELY PREP>E = ! NEXT BATTLE ) ! 5EMY40 

,?IS IS :AT ,I SAID AT ! TIME AT A MEET+ ( ?\S&S ( PEASANTS & WORK]S 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE1 9SPIR$ BY ! MA9 IDEA ( AN APPEAL LAUN*$ BY ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P & ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNION 7,I WAS SPEAK+ 9 ! NAME ( BO? ORGANIZATIONS73  
  

0,TOIL]S6 ,PEASANTS1 WORK]S1 & Y\ WORK]-9TELLECTUALS :O HAVE TAK5 SIDES ) US6 ,WE HAVE ALL SE5 H[1 9 ! SPACE ( F\R MON?S1 ! B\RGEOISIE HAS ORGANIZ$ ITSELF & SKILLFULLY DRAWN 9TO ITS RANKS ! SOCIALI/S1 :O HAVE BECOME ITS FAI?FUL S]VANTS4 ,IF ! PROPAG&A C>RI$ \T AMONG ! PEASANTS 9 FAVOR ( PAY+ R5T TO ! L&[N]S1 EV5 DUR+ ?IS REVOLUTION>Y TIME1 DOES NOT PROVIDE SUFFICI5T PRO(1 LET ME CITE O!R FACTS1 COMRADES1 :I* Y\ WILL F9D EV5 MORE CONV9C+3 

0,ON ,JULY #c ! ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT ROSE UP AGA9/ ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T1 :I* 9 ! NAME ( B\RGEOIS RI<TS WAS TRY+ TO SUPPRESS ! REVOLUTION4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! GOV]NM5T SUPPRESS$ A BUN* ( ,L& ,COMMITTEES 9 ! ,URALS :I* W]E ACT+ 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MANN] AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,! MEMB]S W]E ?R[N 9 PRISON4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ! SAME ?+ ) \R [N EYES1 :]E AG5TS ( ! GOV]NM5T -- SOCIALI/S -- >E URG+ ! PEASANTS TO PAY R5T TO ! POME%*IKS4 ,FROM ! #cRD TO #e? ( ,JULY ! BLOOD ( \R BRO!R-WORK]S FL[$ ON ! /REETS ( ,PETROGRAD4 ,! ,W> ,M9I/]1 ! SOCIALI/ ,K]5SKY1 SUMMON$ SEV]AL T5S ( ?\S&S ( ,COSSACKS -- HI/ORICALLY EXECUTION]S ( ! FREE LIFE ( ! LABOR+ CLASSES -- TO SUPPRESS ! REVOLT4 ,! SOCIALI/S 9 ! GOV]NM5T W5T CRAZY 9 ! S]VICE ( ! B\RGEOISIE & TOGE!R ) ! ,COSSACKS KILL$ ! BE/ FI<T]S ( \R WORK+ CLASS BRE?R54 ,BY DO+ ?IS ! SOCIALI/S >E 9VIT+ ! LABOR+ CLASSES TO RETALIATE AGA9/ !M & AGA9/ ! B\RGEOISIE :I* HAS 9CIT$ !SE ODI\S1 TOTALLY UNJU/IFIABLE ACTS4 

0,:AT WILL RESULT FROM ?IS CRIME ( ! 5EMIES ( \R EMANCIPATION & ( ! PEACEFUL1 HAPPY LIFE TO :I* WE ASPIRE8 ,A FI<T TO ! F9I%6 ,BUT NOT ONLY ?AT6 ,NO GOOD CAN COME \T ( ?IS = US4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE IT H>MS ! REVOLUTION1 SO LONG AWAIT$ & F9ALLY H]E BUT /ILL NOT FULLY DEVELOP$4 ,! LABOR+ MASSES HAVE /ILL NOT AWAK5$ FROM ! M9D-NUMB+ SLAV]Y :I* HAS OPPRESS$ !M = C5TURIES4 ,!Y >E /ILL FEEL+ !IR WAY AS ) EXTREME CAUTION !Y PRES5T TO ! NEW HANGM5 !IR DEM&S = FRE$OM & !IR RI<TS TO AN 9DEP5D5T LIFE4 ,BUT !SE RI<TS1 COMRADE1 >E MET ) ! CANNONS & MA*9E GUNS ( ! P[]FUL444 

0,LET US BE /RONG1 BRO!R WORK]S1 SO /RONG ?AT ! 5EMIES ( \R FRE$OM1 ( \R G5U9E LIB]ATION FROM EV]Y?+ EVIL & HATEFUL1 FEEL ?IS /R5G? 9 US4 

0,LET US GO =W>D ) SURE /EPS T[>DS SELF-ORGANIZATION & REVOLUTION>Y SELF-ACTIVITY6 ,! FUTURE1 ! NOT TOO DI/ANT FUTURE1 WILL BE \RS4 ,WE MU/ GET READY = IT444 40  
  

,AFT] ME SPOKE A ,UKRA9IAN ,S-,R :O BESEE*$ ! TOIL]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE TO REMEMB] ?AT AS A C\NT]BALANCE TO ! 0F\L ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T 9 ,PETROGRAD1 9 ,KIEV EXI/$ '\R' ,UKRA9IAN ,GOV]NM5T 9 ! =M ( ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA4 ,IT WAS G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y1 ! ONLY GOV]NM5T ON ,UKRA9IAN SOIL CAPABLE & COMPET5T TO RE/ORE FRE$OM & A HAPPY LIFE = ! ,UKRA9IAN PEOPLE04 ,9 CONCLUSION HE EXCLAIM$3 

0,DRIVE ! KATZAPS FROM \R L&6 -- ,DEA? TO !SE SUPPRESSORS ( \R NATIVE TONGUE6 ,9 \R NATIVE L& LONG LIVE '\R' P[] -- ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA -- & ITS ,SECRET>IAT6444 40 

,BUT ! TOIL]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE W]E DEAF TO ! APPEAL ( ! ,UKRA9IAN 0,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>Y04 ,NOT ONLY ?AT1 BUT !Y %\T$ AT HIM 9 UNISON3 0,D[N FROM ! TRIBUNE6 ,WE DON'T WANT Y\R GOV]NM5T60 ,!N !Y PASS$ ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3  
  

0,WE PAY \R RESPECTS BE=E ! BRAV]Y ( ! WORK+ CLASS W>RIORS :O FELL 9 BATTLE ) ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T ON ,JULY #c-#e4 ,WE1 ! PEASANTS & WORK]S ( ,GULYAI-,POLE1 WILL NOT =GET ?IS GOV]NM5T ATROCITY4444 ,DEA? & DAMNATION ON ! ,PROVISIONAL ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ,UKRA9E -- ! ,C5TRAL ,RADA & ITS ,SECRET>IAT1 ! WOR/ 5EMIES ( HUMAN FRE$OM04  
  

,= A LONG TIME AFT] ?IS DISCUSSION & ! RESOLUTION VOT$ BY ! PEASANTS & WORK]S1 ! ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN NATIONALI/S & ! /ATE-SOCIALI/S CURS$ ME & ! :OLE ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 BECAUSE IT WAS H5CE=? IMPOSSIBLE = !M TO S+ ! PRAISES ( !IR V>I\S GOV]NM5TS & !IR ROLE 9 ! TOIL]S' LIVES 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE4 ,! TOIL]S LOOK$ UPON !M AS HIR$ AG5TS & !Y W]E CON/ANTLY 9T]RUPT$ :5 !Y TRI$ TO PRAISE GOV]NM5T P[]4 

,SO DAY AFT] DAY PASS$1 ACCUMULAT+ 9TO WEEKS & MON?S1 AS MY COMRADES & ,I CIRCULAT$ ?R\< ! C\NTRYSIDE1 PROPAG&IZ+ ! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM4 

,SOON >RIV$ ! #bND ,CONGRESS ( ,PEASANTS' ,UNIONS ( \R UYEZD1 & \R ,UNION DID NOT FAIL TO S5D TWO DELEGATES1 ,COMRADE ,KRAT & MYSELF4 ,! ,CONGRESS WAS CR[D$4 ,EV]YONE SAID :AT HAD ALREADY BE5 SAID MANY TIMES4 ,! ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN ,S-,RS1 ! =M] REPRES5T$ BY ,S4 ,S4 ,POPOV1 ! LATT] BY ! TEA*] ,RADOMSKY1 PUT ON A DISPLAY ( SOLID>ITY BE=E ! PEASANT DELEGATES BY AGREE+ TO WORK TOGE!R 9 ! /RUGGLE = L& & FRE$OM = ! PEASANTRY4 ,AFT] EA* HAD EXP\ND$ HIS P>TY'S PROGRAM1 !Y /OOD BE=E ! PODIUM & %OOK H&S4 

,! PEASANT DELEGATES FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE1 ,KAMI%EVANSKY1 ,POZHDE/B5SKY1 & ,KONNO-,RAZDORSKY RAIONS TOLD !M3 0,IT'S ALL V]Y F9E ?AT Y\ >E AGREE+ TO /RUGGLE TOGE!R = L& & FRE$OM1 BUT :]E & AGA9/ :OM DO Y\ 9T5D TO /RUGGLE80 

0,EV]Y:]E & ) ANYONE :O DOES NOT WANT TO H& OV] L& TO ! PEASANTS )\T COMP5SATION10 REPLI$ ! ,S-,R DELEGATES4 

0,BUT ULTIMATELY WE WILL F9I% \R /RUGGLE 9 ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY10 SAID ! ,S-,R4 ,POPOV4 

0,9 ! ,ALL-,UKRA9IAN ,SEIM60 ADD$ ! TEA*] ,RADOMSKY4 

,& H]E WAS A SMALL DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION BETWE5 ! ,S-,R ALLIES4 ,!Y EX*ANG$ OP9IONS 9 :ISP]S :ILE ON ! B5*ES ( ! PEASANT DELEGATES SOME W]E LAU<+1 ! O!RS FR[N+4 

,AT ! 5D ( ! ,CONGRESS REPRES5TATIVES W]E ELECT$ TO GO TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS ( ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNIONS & ,SOVIETS ( ,WORK]S'1 ,PEASANTS' & ,SOLDI]S' ,DEPUTIES4 

,9 ELECTIONS ( DELEGATES FROM ! ,UYEZD ,CONGRESS TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS1 WE1 ! ,GULYAI-,POLE DELEGATES1 AB/A9$4 ,WE DECL>$ \R PROTE/ AGA9/ ! FACT ?AT DELEGATES TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS W]E NOT ELECT$ DIRECTLY BY ! GRASSROOTS4 ,?IS AB/5TION L$ TO US BE+ TREAT$ AS DI/URB]S ( ELECTORAL LAW & ORD] & !RE=E VIOL5TLY CRITICIZ$ BY ! LEAD]S ( ! CONGRESS -- ! ,S-,RS1 ,S-,DS1 & ,KADETS :O SAID WE W]E ! ONLY DELEGATES :O DID NOT WANT :AT ! PEASANTS WANT$4 ,?IS PROVOK$ MORE LAU<T] FROM ! PEASANT DELEGATES :I* SOON BECAME DISRUPTIVE :I/LES :5 ! BIG %OTS TRI$ TO SPEAK4 

,WE1 ! DELEGATES ( ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNION ( ,GULYAI-,POLE1 PROTE/$ ONCE MORE AGA9/ ! ME?OD ( ELECTIONS1 9SI/+ ?AT ! DELEGATES TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS BE ELECT$ DIRECTLY BY ! PEASANTS4 ,SU* AN ELECTION W\LD GIVE A TRUE PICTURE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y PEASANTRY ?R\<\T ! :OLE PROV9CE1 WE SAID4 ,BUT AGA9 WE W]E TREAT$ AS 9CORRECTLY UND]/&+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PEASANTS4 ,! 0LEAD]S0 ( ! CONGRESS PROPOS$ TO BR+ UP \R PO9T ( VIEW AT ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS ( PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,BUT S9CE WE REFUS$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ELECTIONS TO ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS FROM ! DELEGATES ( ! ,UYEZD ,CONGRESS1 !N WE C\LD NOT /& AS C&IDATES & W]E ?US EXCLUD$ FROM ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS4 

,H[EV]1 WE HAD NUM]\S REASONS TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ORGANIZATIONAL BUREAU ( ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS W\LD DIRECTLY 9VITE DELEGATES FROM ,GULYAI-,POLE BECAUSE ( AN EX*ANGE ( OP9IONS :I* HAD TAK5 PLACE BETWE5 ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNION ( ,GULYAI-,POLE & ! ,PROV9CIAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNIONS4 ,BUT ! 9ITIATIVE = ?IS W\LD HAVE TO COME FROM ,EKAT]9OSLAV1 NOT ,GULYAI-,POLE1 I4E4 NOT DIRECTLY BUT 9 AN 9DIRECT FA%ION4 ,SO WE W]E NOT C]TA9 ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS & RETURN$ TO ,GULYAI-,POLE ) A GLOOMY FEEL+ ?AT WE HAD SUFF]$ A DEFEAT ON ?IS OCCASION4 

,H[EV]1 \R L9E ( BEHAVIOR AT ! ,CONGRESS WAS ! CORRECT ONE FROM \R PO9T ( VIEW1 & WE W]E NOT WORRI$ AB\T ! REVOLUTION>Y FUTURE ( \R ,PEASANTS' ,UNION4 ,:5 WE GOT BACK HOME WE MADE A REPORT TO ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,PEASANTS' ,UNION AS WELL AS ! ,UNION ( ,METAL & ,C>P5TRY ,WORK]S :I* ALWAYS TOOK AN 9T]E/ 9 PEASANT CONGRESSES & ASK$ TO BE 9=M$ AB\T !M4 ,& !N WE MADE A REPORT TO A G5]AL MEET+ ( PEASANTS & WORK]S 9 ,GULYAI-,POLE & DI/RICT4 ,AT ! SAME TIME WE PREP>$ ! PEASANTS & WORK]S TO S5D DELEGATES TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS EV5 )\T AN 9VITATION4 ,\R GOAL WAS TO EXPOSE ! ATTITUDE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,UYEZD ,CONGRESS :I* HAD JU/ 5D$ & ALSO TO 9=M ! PEASANT DELEGATES TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS AB\T H[ ! ,S-,RS1 ,S-,DS1 & ,KADETS HAD TRI$ TO /IFLE ! REVOLUTION>Y 9ITIATIVE & SELF-ACTIVITY ( ! PEASANTRY1 H[ !IR AGITATOR-PROPAG&I/S ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( ! GOV]NM5T COMMISS>S TRAVEL$ >\ND ! CITIES & VILLAGES HOLD+ MEET+S :]E !Y DUP$ ! PEASANTS & SQUEEZ$ R5T MONEY \T ( !M = ! B5EFIT ( ! POME%*IKS1 R5D]+ ?US MORE DIFFICULT ! SITUATION ( ! PEASANTS :O1 IMPOV]I%$ BY ! RAVAGES ( W>1 HAD NOT TAK5 P>T 9 PILLAG+ & BRIG&AGE LIKE ! POME%*IKS & KULAKS1 & W]E NOT ABLE TO ACQUIRE ! MONEY NECESS>Y TO PAY ! L&[N]S = ! L& :I* !SE ?IEVES HAD APPROPRIAT$4 

,BUT :ILE WE W]E PREP>+ = ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS1 & ALSO GIV+ ADVICE TO ! PEASANTS ( RAIONS & UYEZDS BELONG+ TO O!R PROV9CES1 ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,PEASANT ,UNION ( ,GULYAI-,POLE RECEIV$ FROM ! ,PROV9CIAL ,SOVIET ( ,WORK]S'1 ,PEASANTS'1 ,SOLDI]S' & ,COSSACKS' ,DEPUTIES AN 9VITATION TO S5D TWO DELEGATES TO ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS & ,UNIONS ( ,PEASANTS'1 ,WORK]S'1 ,SOLDI]S' & ,COSSACKS' ,DEPUTIES4 

,WE DECID$ TO CALL A CONGRESS ( ! ,GULYAI-,POLE ,RAION ,PEASANT ,UNION4 ,AT ?IS TIME ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! ,UNION PREP>$ A REPORT APPROPRIATE = ! AG5DA ( ! ,PROV9CIAL ,CONGRESS4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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