,! ,POLTAVA UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 #aib 
,KHRI/OVOI1 ,BUHOVETSKY & ! RE/ 4444) A SPECIAL M5TION = ,S]GEI ,KIRI*5KO 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,NICK ,HEA? 

,TEXT 3 

,9 #aib ?R\<\T ,POLTAVA PROV9CE A G5]AL 9SURRECTION BEGAN AGA9/ ! ,R$S ) ! =MATION ( #b UNITS4 ,9 ! NOR? ( ,GADIA* C\NTY !RE W]E UNITS L$ BY ,ALEX&] ,KOVAL1 ,KRUPSKY1 ,DMITR5KO & ,BUHOVETSKY4 ,9 ,KREM5*UG C\NTY UNITS L$ BY ,KIKOT1 ,OVDI5KO1 & ,PRIKHODKO W]E SET UP & 9 ,KOBELYATSKY C\NTY ONE L$ BY ,LEV*5KO4 ,9 ,Z5KOV C\NTY OP]AT$ ! UNITS ( ,MAXIM ,M&YK1 ,PYLYP ,MASYUTA1 ,/EP5KO1 ,LATOHA1 ,ANTON5KO1 ,TIMO%5KO1 ,TUR*91 ,TYUTYUNNIK & O!RS4 ,MASYUTA HAD L$ ! RESI/ANCE TO ! ,:ITE =CES ( ,D5IK91 HAD BECOME ! ,R$ COMM&ANT ( ,Z5KOV BUT HAD DEFECT$ TO ! 9SURG5TS4 ,M&YK HAD S]V$ 9 ! ,R$ MILITIA 9 ,Z5KOV4 ,?IS WAS 9DICATIVE ( ! NUMB] ( (FIC]S AS WELL AS RANK & FILE SOLDI]S :O DES]T$ TO ! 9SURG5TS4 ,AS WAS USUAL ! ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORITIES DID NOT RECOGNIZE AN 9SURG5CY & REF]R$ TO !SE UNITS AS B&ITS4 

,:AT W]E ! CAUSES ( ?IS UPRIS+ :I* P]SI/$ = ! NEXT TWO YE>S UP TO ! 5D ( #a#i#b#b8 ,WELL1 ,BOL%EVIK DOCUM5TS ( ! P]IOD ?R[ SOME LI<T ON ! SITUATION4 ,! M9UTES ( ! MEET+ ( ! ,BOL%EVIK ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ,GADYA* ( ,DECEMB] #b#b1 #aiai %[ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS !MSELVES W]E =C$ TO CONDEMN ! ACTIONS ( ! FOOD REQUISITION] ,ZAM>9 & ?AT ! POPULATION HAD TURN$ V]Y HO/ILE T[>DS !IR P>TY4 ,ANO!R REASON WAS ! ATTEMPT BY ! ,R$ ,>MY TO CONSCRIPT LOCAL Y\? & S5D !M TO ! ,POLI% FRONT1 :I* WAS FI]CELY RESI/$4 

,AN>*I/ IDEAS W]E POPUL> 9 ! ,POLTAVA REGION1 :IL/ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,BOROTBI/S %\LD NOT BE UND]E/IMAT$4 ,! ,BOROTBI/S W]E NAM$ AFT] ! PAP] ,BOROTBA 7,/RUGGLE7 F\ND$ BY ! ,UKRA9IAN ,SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION>IES 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,) ! SPLIT 9 ! ,S,RS ! LEFT CAPTUR$ ! PAP]4 ,BUT ! ,UKRA9IAN ,LEFT ,S,RS W]E NOT COMPLETELY LIKE !IR COMRADES 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!Y W]E MORE SYMPA!TIC T[>DS ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 BUT CRITICIZ$ !M = !IR C5TRALIZ+ T5D5CIES1 !MSELVES ADVOCAT+ AN 9DEP5D5T ,UKRA9IAN SOCIALI/ REPUBLIC4 ,FOLL[+ ! ,R$ AB&ONM5T ( ! ,UKRA9E TO ,D5IK91 ! ,BOROTBI/S BROKE ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,AN ORD] = ! LIQUIDATION ( ! ,BOROTBI/S WAS DRAFT$ 9 ,MOSC[ AT ?IS TIME1 ) ,TROTSKY 9 P>TICUL> BE+ KE5 ( REMOV+ !M AS A MILIT>Y & POLITICAL ?REAT4 ,! ,BOROTBI/S !N M]G$ ) ! LEFT-W+ ,UKRA9IAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 ,?IS N[ BECAME ! ,UKRA9IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 7,BOROTBI/S74 ,9 ,M>* #aib ! ,BOL%EVIKS =C$ !M TO M]GE ) !IR P>TY4 ,A SIZABLE M9ORITY REFUS$ TO ACCEPT ?IS & WALK$ \T4 ,! 9SURG5T LEAD] ,ALEX&] ,KOVAL 9 A LETT] TO ! ,BOL%EVIK WROTE ?AT HE ?\<T ! COMB9+ ( =CES TO DRIVE \T ! ,D5IK9I/S W\LD HAVE L$ TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,SOVIET ,UKRA9E ON A F$]AL BASIS ) ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 0,! PROGRAM ( ! ,BOROTBI/S ,P>TY 7,COMMUNI/S7 COMPLETELY ANSW]$ MY ASPIRATIONS40 ,HE W5T ON TO SAY ?AT ! AUTONOMY ASK$ = BY ! ,BOROTBI/S WAS NOT GRANT$ & ?AT !Y W]E ORD]$ TO M]GE ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,KOVAL /RONGLY OBJECT$ TO ?IS4 ,HE HAD HOP$ ?AT CO-EXI/5CE ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS WAS POSSIBLE BUT BECAME CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS NE$$ TO BE F\<T PHYSICALLY4 ,PANAS ,KELEB]DA & ,DIMITR5KO ALSO APPE> TO HAVE BE5 9FLU5C$ BY ,BOROTBISM1 AL?\< IT APPE>S FROM :AT ,SAV9KOV SAYS ?AT !Y MOV$ T[>DS AN>*ISM4 

,9 ,Z5KOV UNITS >M$ !MSELVES ) RIFLES & HUNT+ RIFLES1 AS WELL AS SCY!S1 PIT*=KS1 /ICKS & AXES & DEFEAT$ ! LOCAL REQUISITION+ SQUAD ON ,MAY #b#d?4 ,ALL ?OSE CAPTUR$ W]E RELEAS$ ) ! UND]/&+ ?AT !Y W\LD NOT RETURN TO PLUND] ! PEASANTS4 ,!Y ELECT$ ,LEV 7,LEVKO7 ,O/APOVI* ,KHRI/OVOI AS !IR COMM&]4 ,KHRI/OVOI ANN\NC$ AT ! GA!R+ ?AT DECID$ ?IS TO LAUN* A MOBILIZATION 9 ! >EA SO ?AT ! SMALL UNIT1 ACCORD+ TO ! LOCAL ,*EKA1 ORGANIZ$ !MSELVES 9TO A 0L>GE ORGANIZ$ =CE40 

,LEVKO ,KHRI/OVOI1 UNLIKE MANY ( ! 9SURG5T COMM&]S 9 ! REGION1 CAME FROM A RI* & OLD ,COSSACK FAMILY4 ,HE WAS BORN ON ,JUNE #b#i? #ahih ON A F>M ( SEV5TY ACRES NE> ,SKAZH5YKOVOMU4 ,HIS FA!R ALSO [N$ A %OP4 ,HE HAD ?REE O!R BRO!RS & A SI/] 7ONE ( !SE1 ,VASILI1 WAS %OT BY ! ,D5IK9I/S 9 #aiai :IL/ ANO!R1 ,NIKOLAI1 DI$ 9 ! ,GADIA* PRISON MA9TA9$ BY ! ,R$S74 ,SOVIET AG5TS DESCRIB$ HIM AS ( AV]AGE HEI<T1 CLEAN %AV5 & GOOD LOOK+1 ) BR[N HAIR & AS 5]GETIC1 /UBBORN1 BRAVE & CLEV]4 ,HE HAD S]V$ 9 ! ,WORLD ,W> 9 ! CAVALRY1 BRIEFLY 9 ! >MY ( ! ,UKRA9IAN ,NATIONAL ,REPUBLIC1 HAD ORGANIZ$ LOCAL ,R$ ,GU>DS AS A SQUADRON COMM&] & SUBSEQU5TLY WAS *AIR ( ! ,Z5KOV ,*EKA4 ,HE HAD JO9$ ! ,NABAT ,CONF$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/S 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#a#i1 :I* HAD BEGUN TO ORGANIZE 9 ! >EA FROM AUTUMN ( ! PREVI\S YE>4 ,KHRI/OVOI DES]T$ FROM ! ,R$S 9 ,MAY #aiai HID+ 9 ! ,LIUT5KA WOODS ) DOZ5S ( DES]T]S & PEASANTS4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB]-,OCTOB] #aiai ,KHRI/OVOI'S DETA*M5T F\<T ! ,D5IK9I/S ALONGSIDE ! UNIT ( ,MASYUTA4 ,9 MID-,OCTOB] HIS UNIT AFFILIAT$ TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/S & HAD A =CE ( #ae COMBATANTS1 #a MA*9EGUNS & #a CANNON4 ,MAKHNO HOP$ ?AT !SE =CES W\LD EXP& 9TO ! ,POLTAVA ,MAKHNOVI/ CORPS ) UP TO #a1 9SURG5TS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,SAV9KOV ! LOCAL 9SURG5T LEAD]S BEGAN TO SET UP A COORD9AT+ /RUCTURE1 ! ,F$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,9SURG5TS4 ,IT WAS SUPPORT$ BY ,KOVAL1 ,PIOTR ,%UBA1 ,BIBIK1 ,OG>KOV1 ,DIABOL1 ,HONTA1 ,KHRI/OVOI1 ,BUHOVETSKY & ,PANAS ,KELEB]DA4 ,!SE DETA*M5TS ANN\NC$ !IR SUPPORT = ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 

,9 ,DECEMB] ,KHRI/OVOI'S DETA*M5T CONTRIBUT$ T[>DS ! DEFEAT ( ! ,:ITES 9 ,POLTAVA4 ,TWO WEEKS AFT] ! COLLAPSE ( ! ,:ITES ?ANKS TO JO9T ACTION BY ! ,MAKHNOVI/ & O!R 9SURG5T UNITS ! ,R$S >RIV$ & ! ,*EKA BEGAN TO >RE/ 9SURG5TS4 ,AS A RESULT 9 ,JANU>Y #aib ,KHRI/OVOI HAD TO HIDE 9 ! WOODS AGA9 9 ! ,Z5KOV & ,GADIA* >EAS4 ,ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#f? HE LAUN*$ A NEW UPRIS+ 9 ! ,GADIA* >EA4 ,9 ,GADIA* ITSELF ! ,R$ ,>MY G>RISON REVOLT$4 ,AN >MY WAS CREAT$ L$ BY ,KOVAL & ,BUHOVETSKY4 

,F$OR ,BUHOVETSKY 7OR ,BUTOVETSKY7 APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 A MEMB] ( ! ,POLI% M9ORITY 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,HE WAS BORN 9 ,GRODNO 7N[ 9 ,BEL>US7 & SUBSEQU5TLY WAS A WORK] 7OR TEA*] ACCORD+ TO ,SAV9KOV7 9 ,MIRGOROD4 ,AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/1 HE WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ TO JO9 ! ,NABAT ,CONF$]ATION ( ,AN>*I/S & 9 ,JANU>Y #aiai WAS SECRET>Y ( ITS ,MIRGOROD BRAN*4 ,9 SUMM] ( ! SAME YE> HE JO9$ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,ON ! #a/ ,OCTOB] #aiai HE S]V$ ON ! ,<,Q ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S & WAS APPO9T$ ,MAKHNOVI/ COMMISS> 9 ,POLTAVA PROV9CE4 ,SAV9KOV SAYS ?AT 9 SPR+ #aib ,BUHOVETSKY CONTROLL$ A L>GE >EA BETWE5 ! ,PSEL & ,SULA RIV]S :I* WAS KN[N AS A 0ZONE ( FRE$OM0 OR 0,SI*04 ,9 SUMM] #aib HE E/ABLI%$ CONTACT ) ,KHRI/OVOI4 ,9 ,SEPTEMB] ! DETA*M5T HAD #abe COMBATANTS4 ,9 E>LY ,OCTOB] ! UNITS L$ BY ,KRUPSKY & ,KOROLI UNIT$ ) IT4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] ! DETA*M5T L$ BY ,KUC]A :I* OP]AT$ 9 ,LEB$9SKY C\NTY UNIT$ ITS =CES ) ?OSE ( ,BUHOVETSKY4 ,9 ,OCTOB]-,DECEMB] #aib HE TOOK P>T 9 ! GU]RILLA /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,:ITES 9 ,MIRGOROD4 ,) ! >RIVAL ( ! ,R$ ,>MY 9 ,JANU>Y #aib HE WAS DECL>$ AN \TLAW4 ,HE HID 9 A CELL> & BEGAN TO ORGANIZE UND]GR\ND 9SURG5T UNITS 9 ,MIRGOROD4 ,HE UNIT$ HIS UNITS ) ,KHRI/OVOI 9 ,AUGU/ #aib 7#c 9FANTRY1 #c CAVALRY & >TILL]Y74 ,9 AUTUMN ( ! SAME YE> HIS UNITS F\<T ! ,:ITE =CES ( ,WRANGEL4 

,MEAN:ILE ,! ,LIUT5KA DETA*M5T L$ BY ,KHRI/OVOI GA!R$ TOGE!R #e COMBATANTS 9 ,JUNE & ,JULY & SUBSEQU5TLY WAS TO AFFILIATE TO ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T4 ,IT S\<T TO COMBAT ALL ! APP>ATUS ( REPRESSION AGA9/ ! PEASANTS ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD LAUN*$3 ! FOOD REQUISITION SQUADS1 ! SO CALL$ ,UNIONS ( ,POOR ,PEASANTS1 & ! 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES04 

,ON ,JULY #b#f? LOCAL ,BOL%EVIK (FICIALS 9 ,GADIA* AL]T$ ! ,POLTAVA EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE ?AT B&S W]E RIS+ EV]Y:]E1 SOME NUMB]+ AS MANY AS #c14,?AT MON? ,BUHOVETSKY1 ,KOVAL & ,KHRI/OVOI CAPTUR$ ! T[N1 DEFEAT$ ! ,R$ G>RISON & HELD IT = ?REE DAYS4 ,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD !Y DECL>$ = FREE SOVIETS & = SUPPORT ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S1 TRY+ TO CALL A PEASANT CONGRESS 7UEZD74 ,H[EV] !Y W]E ONLY ABLE TO >RE/ LOCAL ,BOL%EVIKS & AFT] TWO DAYS & ! ANN\NCEM5T AB\T ! FREE SY/EM !Y W]E =C$ TO QUIT ,GADYA*4 

,ON ,AUGU/ #g? #aib ,KHRI/OVOI & ,KOVAL CAPTUR$ ! :OLE ( ,GADYA* C\NTY GA!R+ TOGE!R #ae 9SURG5TS4 ,BETWE5 ,AUGU/ #a#b-#a#f? A L>GE DETA*M5T UND] ! COMM& ( ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO MOV$ 9TO ! C\NTIES ( ,GADIA*1 ,Z5KOV & ,MIRGOROD4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ OP]ATION 9 ,POLTAVA WAS TO HAVE MAJOR CONSEQU5CES AS IT 9VIGORAT$ ! LOCAL 9SURG5T UNITS4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD MET UP ) ! UNITS ( ,ZHIVOD] 7SEE LIBCOM BIOGRAPHY7 & ,&REI ,LEV*5KO4 ,Z5KOV T[N WAS CAPTUR$ AT LUN* TIME ON ,AUGU/ #i?4 ,! LOCAL ,R$ BATTALION WAS CAPTUR$ & DIS>M$4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK APP>AT*IKS FL$ 9 A PANIC1 ) ! MEMB]S ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y TRIBUNAL :I* WAS 9 SESSION LEAV+ !IR DOCUM5TS & CLO?+ BEH9D4 ,PRISON]S W]E FRE$ FROM ! ?REE /ORY PRISON :I* WAS BURNT D[N & #bb MILLION RUBLES W]E TAK5 FROM ! C\NTY TREASURY4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK FOOD /ORES W]E OP5$ & DI/RIBUT$ AMONG ! LOCAL POPULATION4 ,NO POGROMS & LOOT+ TOOK PLACE4 ,ONE ,MAKHNOVI/ WAS %OT 9 ! T[N C5T] = MOLE/ATION ( ,JEWI% WOM54 ,A MEET+ ) ,KHRI/OVOI & ,F$OR ,BUHOVETSKY & O!R LEAD]S ( LOCAL DETA*M5TS TOOK PLACE4 ,KHRI/OVOI WAS GIV5 A M&ATE TO =M A SPECIAL UNIT ( ! ,9SURG5T ,MAKHNOVI/S1 SIGN$ BY ,MAKHNO1 ! ,*IEF ( ,/AFF ,PETR5KO & ! HEAD ( ! ,OP]ATIONS ,DIVISION1 ,M>*5KO4 ,HE WAS GIV5 ! 9/RUCTIONS ?AT A HORSE C\LD BE TAK5 FROM LOCAL PEASANTS ONLY IF ! H\SEHOLD HAS AT LEA/ F\R WORK+ HORSES1 & REPLAC$ :]E POSSIBLE4 ,BY N[ ,KHRI/OVOI & ,BUHOVETSKY HAD UNITS ( #c1 P>TISANS & POSSESS$ #b MA*9E GUNS & TWO CANNONS4 ,MAKHNO & ! ,NABAT AN>*I/S HAD ALREADY CONCEIV$ ( A PROJECT TO CREATE A FREE >EA 9 ,POLTAVA PROV9CE :I* W\LD CONDUCT ! ' 0WORLD'S FIR/ EXP]IM5T 9 BUILD+ AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY0' 7,SAV9KOV74 ,?IS WAS NEV] ACCOMPLI%$ AS VA/ NUMB]S ( ,R$ ,>MY DETA*M5TS BEGAN TO SURR\ND ! >EA4 

,BE=E !Y MOV$ ON1 ! ,MAKHNOVI/S SUPPLI$ ! LOCAL 9SURG5TS ) SEV]AL HUNDR$ RIFLES CAPTUR$ FROM ! ,R$S1 AMMUNITION1 MONEY & #ad ( ITS [N COMBATANTS TO PROVIDE !M ) A SKILL$ ADVISORY =CE4 ,!Y LEFT A SMALL NUMB] ( UNITS 9 ! >EA NUMB]+ BETWE5 #e-#f1 :I* HAD ! TASK ( UNIT+ ) LOCAL 9SURG5T LEAD]S1 TO PROMOTE ! IDEAS ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM & ! ,?IRD 7SOCIAL7 REVOLUTION4 #a CAVALRY FROM ! UNITS L$ BY ,KOTSUR W]E LEFT 9 ! ,MIRGOROD REGION4 ,9 ,KREM5*UG C\NTY ,MAKHNO REE/ABLI%$ CONTACT ) ,ZHIVOD] & ) ! UNITS ( ! ,DON ,COSSACK ,DIMITRI ,MOL*ANOV1 AS WELL AS ) UNITS L$ BY ,PETR5KO & ,KELEB]DA4 ,!Y RECEIV$ MILIT>Y ASSI/ANCE FROM ! ,MAKHNOVI/S4 ,9 ,KOBELYATSKY C\NTY ! LOCAL GR\PS W]E GREATLY 9FLU5C$ BY AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 ,! L>GE/ UNITS W]E L$ BY ,ROMAN ,MATIAS ) #g COMBATANTS & ,LEV*5KO ) #e COMBATANTS4 ,H[EV] !Y C\LD NOT AGREE ON JO9T ACTION & AT A MEET+ 9 ,KITAYGOROD ,ZHIVOD] WAS APPO9T$ COMM&] 9 ! >EA4 ,LEV*5KO REFUS$ ?IS ORD] BECAUSE HE DID NOT WANT HIS UNITS TO LEAVE ! LOCAL >EA4 ,UND] S5T5CE ( DEA? HE & HIS UNIT FL$ T[>DS ! ,DNIEP]4 ,ZHIVOD] WAS TO DIE LAT] 9 FI<T+ ) ! ,R$S4 

,ANO!R COMM&] 9 ! ,POLTAVA REGION WAS ,IVAN ,BLO*1 :O 9 #a#i#b-#a#i#b#a ORGANIZ$ A ,MAKHNOVI/ DETA*M5T4 ,9 SPR+ & SUMM] #aiba HIS UNIT & ?AT ( ,KAM5YUK OP]AT$ JO9TLY 9 ,POLTAVA4 ,ON ! #a#h? ,JUNE ( ?AT YE> HIS DETA*M5T WAS ANNIHILAT$ BY ! ,R$ ,>MY1 AL?\< O!R ACC\NTS SAY ?AT HE WAS EXECUT$ BY ! ,*EKI/ ,M$V$EV ON ,JUNE #b#e? AT ,B>ANOVKA 9 ! ,LUGANSK REGION4 

,AFT] ! MA9 ,MAKHNOVI/ =CES LEFT ! >EA ON ! #a#f? ,AUGU/ #aib ! ,BOL%EVIKS S5T 9 HUGE NUMB]S ( TROOPS AGA9/ ,Z5KOV & ,LIUT5KA4 ,Z5KOV WAS ONLY HELD BY ,KHRI/OVOI & ,BUHOVETSKY = TW5TY F\R H\RS BE=E !Y W]E =C$ TO RETREAT 9TO ! WOODS4 ,9 ,LIUT5KA ! ,R$ ,>MY =CES 5T]$ ! T[N & BEGAN EXECUTIONS4 ,PETROL WAS P\R$ OV] BUILD+S & MANY SET ALI<T4 ,?OSE %OT 9CLUD$ WOM5 & ! ELD]LY4 ,SOME1 IT APPE>S1 W]E ?R[N 9TO ! FLAMES ALIVE4 ,T5 DAYS LAT] ! ,BOL%EVIK SQUADS RETURN$1 C>RY+ \T MORE EXECUTIONS & BURN+ ( BUILD+S4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK C5TRAL GOV]NM5T WAS AL]T$ TO ! DANG] & ,L59 ORD]$ ! COMPLETE BURN+ ( ! T[N & ! EVICTION ( ! POPULATION TO EA/]N >EAS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,EI<T HUNDR$ FAMILY F>MS W]E BURNT ON ,AUGU/ #a#i?4 ,LOCAL PEOPLE :O W]E T]RIFI$ BY ?IS S5T A DELEGATION TO ,KH>KOV DEM&+ P>DON FROM A ,BOL%EVIK SUPREMO 9 ! ,UKRA9E1 ,PETROVSKY4 ,?IS WAS GRANT$4 

,MEAN:ILE ,KHRI/OVOI DIVID$ HIS L>GE =CES 9TO MOBILE UNITS ON HORSES & C>TS :I* MADE SUDD5 ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4,UNIT COMM&]S 9CLUD$ ! TEA*] ,L4 ,/EPOVOI & ,LISOVSKY4 ,!Y HAD NOTABLE SUCCESSES AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,BUT 9 E>LY ,SEPTEMB] DUR+ A RAID NE> ! VILLAGE ( ,O/APOVKA ! MA9 BODY ( ,KHRI/OVOI1 TOGE!R ) A DETA*M5T L$ BY ,DMITR5KO W]E AMBU%$ & SUFF]$ HEAVY LOSSES & W]E =C$ TO RETREAT T[>DS ,LIUT5KA4 ,?IS DIFF]S FROM ! ACC\NT GIV5 BY ,SAV9KOV :]E HE /ATES ?AT ! UNITS ( ,KOVAL & ,KHRI/OVOI ) #e CAVALRY JO9$ ! MA9 ,MAKHNOVI/ =CES AT ,IZIUM TO COMBAT ! ,:ITE =CES ( ,WRANGEL & ?AT TOGE!R ) ,MAKHNO !Y 5T]$ 9TO ALLIANCE ) ! ,R$S4 ,SAV9KOV GOES ON TO SAY ?AT FROM MID-,OCTOB] TO MID- ,NOVEMB] #a#i#b1 ! ,KHRI/OVOI-,KOVAL DETA*M5T F\<T AS P>T ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ =CES AGA9/ ,WRANGEL 9 S\!RN ,UKRA9E4 ,HE ASS]TS ?AT ,KHRI/OVOI RETURN$ TO ,POLTAVA PROV9CE 9 MID-,NOVEMB] :IL/ ,KOVAL ) #a CAVALRY TOOK P>TS 9 RAIDS ) ,MAKHNO ?R\<\T ! ,UKRA9E 9TO SUMM] #a#i#b#a4 ,HE !N GOES ON TO SAY ?AT ,KOVAL RETURN$ TO ! 0,SI*0 TO FI<T AGA9/ B&IT UNITS :I* W]E PLUND]+ ! LOCAL PEASANTS & ?AT HE WAS KILL$ 9 A FI<T ) !M4 ,AFT] HIS DEA? A NEW 9SURG5T LEAD] ORI5T$ T[>DS ! ,MAKHNOVI/S EM]G$4 ,?IS WAS ,IVAN ,KRUPSKY1.<#a.> SON ( A N>ODNIK & A =M] 0FREE ,COSSACK04 ,ACCORD+ TO ,SAV9KOV1 ,BUHOVETSKY C>RI$ ON A GU]RILLA /RUGGLE UNTIL ,M>* #aiba 9 ! =E/S NE> ,NADRIGAILOV4 

,O!R ACC\NTS ASS]T ?AT AFT] ! DEFEAT AT ,O/APOVKA ,KHRI/OVOI DISMISS$ HALF ( HIS DECIMAT$ UNIT1 P>+ IT D[N TO #c COMBATANTS4 ,!RE WAS ! OLD PROBLEM ( LACK ( AMMUNITION AMONG ! 9SURG5TS1 ) EA* BE+ RATION$ TO A DOZ5 R\NDS1 AS WELL AS LACK ( FOOD4 ,! ,R$ =CES W]E 9CREAS$ BY ! DAY1 ) G>RISONS BE+ SET UP 9 ! T[NS & VILLAGES ( ! >EA & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A SPECIAL MOBILE UNIT4 ,9 MID-,NOVEMB]1 AFT] UNSUCCESSFUL NEGOTIATIONS = ! SURR5D] ( ! ,KHRI/OVOI DETA*M5T !Y W]E SURR\ND$ 9 ! MEAD[S NE> ! VILLAGE ( ,LYUT5SKIE ,MILLS4 ,! OP]ATION WAS P]SONALLY DIRECT$ BY ,VORON91 HEAD ( ! ,R$ ,>MY 9 ! PROV9CE4 ,MANY 9SURG5TS ?REW !MSELVES ONTO ! ?9 ICE ( ! ,PSEL RIV] & DR[N$4 ,PYLYP ,MASYUTA1 ,*IEF ( ,/AFF ( ! 9SURG5TS WAS ONE ( ?OSE :O DI$4 ,ONLY ! H]OIC ACTIONS ( ONE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/S :O HAD BE5 PLAC$ ) ,KHRI/OVOI'S UNIT1 ,S]GEI ,KIRI*5KO1 5ABL$ ,KHRI/OVOI & ! REMA9D] ( ! UNIT TO CROSS ! RIV] & ESCAPE4 ,HE OP]AT$ A ,MAXIM GUN KEEP+ BACK ! ,R$ =CES RI<T UP TO HIS LA/ BULLET4 ,HE WAS !N FI%$ \T ( ! ICY WAT] & CAPTUR$ BY ! ,R$S4 ,HE WAS %OT LAT] 0:IL/ TRY+ TO ESCAPE04 

,AFT] ?IS BATTLE !RE W]E ONLY #e COMBATANTS LEFT 9 ! UNIT4 ,KHRI/OVOI CONT9U$ ! GU]RILLA /RUGGLE MAK+ UNEXPECT$ ATTACKS AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES & !N DISAPPE>+ 9TO ! =E/4 ,9 RESPONSE TO !SE ACTIONS ! ,BOL%EVIKS LAUN*$ A R$ T]ROR1 %OOT+ #a HO/AGES 9 ! ,LIUT5KA >EA4 ,DESPITE HIS1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E UNABLE TO COLLECT ! SURPLUS 9 ! >EA = A YE>4 

,SAV9KOV SAYS ?AT ,KHRI/OVOI WAS ABLE TO BUILD UP HIS =CES AGA9 9 ,DECEMB] #aib & R5EW$ ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,HE SAYS ?AT 9 ,JANU>Y ) ! 5TRY ( ! MA9 ,MAKHNOVI/ =CES 9TO ,POLTAVA PROV9CE !Y ATTEMPT$ TO MEET UP ) ! LOCAL 9SURG5TS4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/S MET ! ,KHRI/OVOI DETA*M5T ON ,JANU>Y #a#e? AT ! VILLAGE ( ,BORKA4 ,! ,KHRI/OVOI =CES ONLY UNIT$ ) ?OSE ( ,MAKHNO = A FEW DAYS4 ,MAKHNO WANT$ TO BREAK ?R\< 9TO S\!RN ,RUSSIA TO JO9 UP ) ,KOLESNIKOV & ,ANTONOV :I/ ,KHRI/OVOI WANT$ TO PROTECT ! LOCAL >EA FROM ! ,*EKA & ! FOOD REQUISITION SQUADS4 ,! SAME HAPP5$ AT ,NADRIGAILOV :5 ,BUHOVETSKY REJECT$ ! (F] TO JO9 ! RAID 9TO S\!RN ,RUSSIA4 

,! ,MAKHNOVI/S ATTEMPT$ TO MEET UP ) ! =CES ( ,KHRI/OVOI & ,BUHOVETSKY AGA9 9 ,JUNE #aiba :5 !Y AGA9 CAME ?R\< ,POLTAVA PROV9CE4 ,BUT ! LATT]'S UNITS W]E ALREADY DECIMAT$ & DISP]S$4 ,9 ?IS MON? ,KHRI/OVOI'S =CES UNIT$ ) ! UNIT L$ BY ,ANTON5KO4 

,ONLY ON ,JULY #a#e? #aiba DID A ,BOL%EVIK SECRET AG5T MANAGE TO LOCATE ! HID+ PLACE ( ,KHRI/OVOI & HIS UNIT4 ,AT ,ZAGRUNOVKA 9 ,Z9KOVSKY C\NTY ! 9SURG5TS W]E WIP$ \T4 ,HE WAS ONLY #bc YE>S OLD AT HIS DEA?4 ,SAV9KOV DIFF]S FROM !SE ACC\NTS1 SAY+ ?AT ,KHRI/OVOI & ,IVAN ,KRUPSKY ONLY DEMOBILIZ$ !IR UNITS 9 AUTUMN #aiba ) ! ,N,E,P RE=MS1 ! AMNE/Y1 & ! CROSS+ OV] 9TO ,ROMANIA ( ,MAKHNO4 ,HE GIVES ! MU* LAT] DATE ( ! BEG9N+ ( ,M>* #a#i#b#b1 SAY+ ?AT ,KHRI/OVOI1 HIS WIFE & ANO!R 9SURG5T W]E LOCAT$ BY A MOBILE UNIT & DI$ DUR+ A FIREFI<T74 ,H[EV]1 LEG5DS CONT9U$ TO CIRCULATE ?AT HE HAD SURVIV$1 ) SI<T+S ( HIM 9 HIS NATIVE VILLAGE1 ! ,DONETS BAS9 & EA/ ( ! ,URALS EV5 9TO ! #a#i#fS6 

,A ,R$ ,T]ROR & =C$ COLLECTIVIZATION WAS LAUN*$ 9 ! REGION BY ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES4 ,! FIR/ ,COMMUNI/ CELL AT ,LIUT5KA WAS E/ABLI%$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aiba BUT !RE W]E ONLY #h MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ Y\? 9 ! REGION 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#e4 ,BECAUSE ( ITS 9SURG5CY ,LIUT5KA WAS 5T]$ ON ! BLACK LI/ ( VILLAGES & SMALL C\NTRY T[NS BY ! ,SOVIET AU?ORITIES4 ,REPRESSIVE MEASURES CONT9U$ 9 ! NEXT FEW DECADES AGA9/ ITS 9HABITANTS & IT HAD A HI< RATE ( MORTALITY DUR+ ! GREAT FAM9E 5G9E]$ BY ! ,SOVIETS4 

.<#a.> ,KRUPSKY JO9$ ! ,R$ ,>MY AT #ag & JO9$ ! ,MAKHNOVI/S AT ! AGE ( #a#i4 ,9 AUTUMN #aiba HE DISB&$ HIS UNIT & !N W5T ILLEGALLY TO ,MOSC[1 ON TO ,KH>KOV1 & !N F9ALLY SETTL$ 9 ,GADYA*4 ,H[EV]1 HE WAS SOON ID5TIFI$ & >RE/$4 ,HE MANAG$ TO ESCAPE4 ,UND] FALSE DOCUM5TS HE MOV$ TO ,POLTAVA & WORK$ AS A ,SOVIET POLICEMAN6 ,HE WAS AGA9 ID5TIFI$ & >RE/$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#b#c4 ,AFT] HIS >RE/ HE S]V$ T5 YE>S 9 PRISON 1 SOME ( !M 9 ! F> EA/ ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,AFT] HIS RELEASE HE WORK$ AS A BUILD+ WORK] & FACTORY WORK]4 ,HE HAD FIVE *ILDR54 ,HIS GREAT GR&SON1 ,NIKOLAI ,RIDNY1 AN ,UKRA9IAN FILMMAK]1 HAS MADE A FILM BAS$ ON ,KRUPSKY'S LIFE CALL$ ,GRAY ,HORSES4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#b1 #bba 3 ,! ,POLTAVA UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 #aib -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,! ,POLTAVA UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 #aib -- ,UPDAT$4 

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