,*APT] #h 
,NE$ = ,UNIT$ ,ACTION ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT DESID]ATUM :I* IS TO BE HOP$ = FROM ! ,G]MAN WORK+ CLASS 9 ! P]IOD ( GREAT /RUGGLES :I* WILL COME SOON] OR LAT] IS1 AFT] COMPLETE RESOLUT5ESS & CONSI/5CY ( TACTICS1 ! UTMO/ CAPACITY = ACTION1 & !RE=E ! UTMO/ POSSIBLE UNITY ( ! LEAD+ SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>T ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES4 ,MEAN:ILE ! FIR/ WEAK ATTEMPTS AT ! PREP>ATION ( GREAT MASS ACTIONS HAVE DISCOV]$ A S]I\S DRAWBACK 9 ?IS CONNECTION3 ! TOTAL SEP>ATION & 9DEP5D5CE ( ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ! TRADE UNIONS4 

,IT IS CLE> ON A CLOS] CONSID]ATION ( ! MASS /RIKES 9 ,RUSSIA AS WELL AS ( ! CONDITIONS 9 ,G]MANY ITSELF1 ?AT ANY GREAT MASS ACTION1 IF IT IS NOT CONF9$ TO A M]E ONE-DAY DEMON/RATION1 BUT IS 9T5D$ TO BE A REAL FI<T+ ACTION1 CANNOT POSSIBLY BE ?\<T ( AS A SO-CALL$ POLITICAL MASS /RIKE4 ,9 SU* AN ACTION 9 ,G]MANY ! TRADE-UNIONS W\LD BE IMPLICAT$ AS MU* AS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,NOT BECAUSE ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S IMAG9E ?AT ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 9 VIEW ( !IR SMALL] ORGANIZATION1 W\LD HAVE NO O!R RES\RCES ?AN ! COOP]ATION ( ONE & A QU>T] MILLION TRADE-UNIONI/S & )\T !M W\LD BE UNABLE TO DO ANY?+1 BUT BECAUSE ( A MU* MORE DEEP-LY+ MOTIVE3 BECAUSE EV]Y DIRECT MASS ACTION ( ! P]IOD ( OP5 CLASS /RUGGLES W\LD BE AT ! SAME TIME BO? POLITICAL & ECONOMIC4 ,IF 9 ,G]MANY1 FROM ANY CAUSE & AT ANY TIME1 IT %\LD COME TO GREAT POLITICAL /RUGGLES1 TO MASS /RIKES1 !N AT ?AT TIME AN ]A ( VIOL5T TRADE-UNION /RUGGLES W\LD BEG9 9 ,G]MANY1 & EV5TS W\LD NOT /OP TO 9QUIRE :E!R ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S HAD GIV5 !IR CONS5T TO ! MOVEM5T OR NOT4 ,:E!R !Y /& ASIDE OR 5DEAVOR TO RESI/ ! MOVEM5T1 ! RESULT ( !IR ATTITUDE WILL ONLY BE ?AT ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S1 LIKE ! P>TY LEAD]S 9 ! ANALOG\S CASE1 WILL SIMPLY BE SWEPT ASIDE BY ! RU% ( EV5TS1 & ! ECONOMIC & ! POLITICAL /RUGGLES ( ! MASSES WILL BE F\<T \T )\T !M4 

,AS A MATT]-(-FACT ! SEP>ATION ( ! POLITICAL1 & ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE & ! 9DEP5D5CE ( EA*1 IS NO?+ BUT AN >TIFICIAL PRODUCT ( ! P>LIAM5T>IAN P]IOD1 EV5 IF HI/ORICALLY DET]M9$4 ,ON ! ONE H& 9 ! PEACEFUL1 0NORMAL0 C\RSE ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE IS SPLIT 9TO A MULTITUDE ( 9DIVIDUAL /RUGGLES 9 EV]Y UND]TAK+ & DISSOLV$ 9 EV]Y BRAN* ( PRODUCTION4 ,ON ! O!R H& ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE IS NOT DIRECT$ BY ! MASSES !MSELVES 9 A DIRECT ACTION1 BUT 9 CORRESPOND5CE ) ! =M ( ! B\RGEOIS /ATE1 9 A REPRES5TATIVE FA%ION1 BY ! PRES5CE ( LEGISLATIVE REPRES5TATION4 ,AS SOON AS A P]IOD ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE COMM5CES1 ?AT IS1 AS SOON AS ! MASSES APPE> ON ! SC5E ( CONFLICT1 ! BREAK+ UP ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE 9TO MANY P>TS1 AS WELL AS ! 9DIRECT P>LIAM5T>Y =M ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE CEASES2 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MASS ACTION ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE CEASES2 9 A REVOLUTION>Y MASS ACTION ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /RUGGLE >E ONE1 & ! >TIFICIAL B\ND>Y BETWE5 TRADE UNION & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS TWO SEP>ATE1 :OLLY 9DEP5D5T =MS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 IS SIMPLY SWEPT AWAY4 ,BUT :AT F9DS CONCRETE EXPRESSION 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MASS MOVEM5T F9DS EXPRESSION ALSO 9 ! P>LIAM5T>Y P]IOD AS AN ACTUAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,!RE >E NOT TWO DIFF]5T CLASS /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 AN ECONOMIC & A POLITICAL ONE1 BUT ONLY ONE CLASS /RUGGLE1 :I* AIMS AT ONE & ! SAME TIME AT ! LIMITATION ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION )9 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 & AT ! ABOLITION ( EXPLOITATION TOGE!R ) B\RGEOIS SOCIETY ITSELF4 

,:5 !SE TWO SIDES ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE >E SEP>AT$ FROM ONE ANO!R = TE*NICAL REASONS 9 ! P>LIAM5T>Y P]IOD1 !Y DO NOT =M TWO P>ALLEL CONCURR5T ACTIONS1 BUT M]ELY TWO PHASES1 TWO /AGES ( ! /RUGGLE = EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE EMBRACES ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S1 & ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC /RUGGLE ! FUTURE 9T]E/S1 ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,! COMMUNI/S1 SAYS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 REPRES5T1 AS AGA9/ V>I\S GR\P 9T]E/S1 NATIONAL OR LOCAL1 ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ! COMMON 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT AS A :OLE1 & 9 ! V>I\S /AGES ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE1 !Y REPRES5T ! 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE MOVEM5T1 ?AT IS1 ! ULTIMATE GOAL - ! LIB]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! TRADE UNIONS REPRES5T ONLY ! GR\P 9T]E/S & ONLY ONE /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,SOCIAL DEMOCRACY REPRES5TS ! WORK+ CLASS & ! CAUSE ( ITS LIB]ATION AS A :OLE4 ,! RELATION ( ! TRADE UNIONS TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS !RE=E A P>T ( ! :OLE1 & :51 AMONG ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S1 ! !ORY ( 0EQUAL AU?ORITY0 ( TRADE-UNIONS & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY F9DS SO MU* FAVOR1 IT RE/S UPON A FUNDAM5TAL MISCONCEPTION ( ! ESS5CE ( TRADE-UNIONISM ITSELF & ( ITS ROLE 9 ! G5]AL /RUGGLE = FRE$OM ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,?IS !ORY ( ! P>ALLEL ACTION ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ! TRADE-UNIONS & ( !IR 0EQUAL AU?ORITY0 IS NEV]!LESS NOT ALTOGE!R )\T F\NDATION1 BUT HAS ITS HI/ORICAL ROOTS4 ,IT RE/S UPON ! ILLUSION ( ! PEACEFUL1 0NORMAL0 P]IOD ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY1 9 :I* ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY APPE>S TO BE CONSUM$ 9 ! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE4 ,! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE1 H[EV]1 ! C\NT]P>T ( ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE1 IS EQUALLY ) IT1 A FI<T CONDUCT$ EXCLUSIVELY ON ! BASIS ( ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD]4 ,IT IS BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 POLITICAL RE=M WORK1 AS ?AT ( ! TRADE-UNIONS IS ECONOMIC RE=M WORK4 ,IT REPRES5TS POLITICAL WORK = ! PRES5T1 AS TRADE-UNIONS REPRES5T ECONOMIC WORK = ! PRES5T4 ,IT IS1 LIKE !M1 M]ELY A PHASE1 A /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T 9 ! COMPLETE PROCESS ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE :OSE ULTIMATE GOAL IS AS F> BEYOND ! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE AS IT IS BEYOND ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE4 ,! P>LIAM5T>Y /RUGGLE IS1 9 RELATION TO SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC POLICY1 ALSO A P>T ( ! :OLE1 EXACTLY AS TRADE-UNION WORK IS4 ,SOCIAL DEMOCRACY TODAY COMPRISES ! P>LIAM5T>Y & ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE 9 ONE CLASS /RUGGLE AIM+ AT ! ABOLITION ( ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD]4 

,! !ORY ( ! 0EQUAL AU?ORITY0 ( TRADE-UNIONS & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS LIKEWISE NOT A M]E !ORETICAL MISUND]/&+1 NOT A M]E CASE ( CONFUSION BUT AN EXPRESSION ( ! WELL-KN[N T5D5CY ( ?AT OPPORTUNI/ W+ ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :I* R$UC$ ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y CONTE/1 & DESIRES TO *ANGE SOCIAL DEMOCRACY FROM A REVOLUTION>Y PROLET>IAN P>TY 9TO A PETTY-B\RGEOIS RE=M ONE4.<#a.> ,IF SOCIAL DEMOCRACY %\LD ACCEPT ! !ORY ( ! 0EQUAL AU?ORITY0 ( ! TRADE-UNIONS1 IT W\LD !REBY ACCEPT1 9DIRECTLY & TACITLY1 ?AT TRANS=MATION :I* HAS LONG BE5 /RIV5 = BY ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! OPPORTUNI/ T5D5CY4 

,9 ,G]MANY1 H[EV]1 !RE IS SU* A %IFT+ ( RELATIONS )9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS IS IMPOSSIBLE 9 ANY O!R C\NTRY4 ,! !ORETICAL CONCEPTION1 ACCORD+ TO :I* ! TRADE-UNIONS >E M]ELY A P>T ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 F9DS ITS CLASSIC EXPRESSION 9 ,G]MANY 9 FACT1 9 ACTUAL PRACTICE1 & ?AT 9 ?REE DIRECTIONS4 ,FIR/1 ! ,G]MAN TRADE-UNIONS >E A DIRECT PRODUCT ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY2 IT WAS SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :I* CREAT$ ! BEG9N+S ( ! PRES5T TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY & :I* 5ABL$ IT TO ATTA9 SU* GREAT DIM5SIONS1 & IT IS SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :I* SUPPLIES IT TO ?IS DAY ) ITS LEAD]S & ! MO/ ACTIVE PROMOT]S ( ITS ORGANIZATION4 

,SECOND1 ! ,G]MAN TRADE-UNIONS >E A PRODUCT ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ALSO 9 ! S5SE ?AT SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC TEA*+ IS ! S\L ( TRADE-UNION PRACTICE1 AS ! TRADE-UNIONS [E !IR SUP]IORITY OV] ALL B\RGEOIS & D5OM9ATIONAL TRADE-UNIONS TO ! IDEA ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE2 !IR PRACTICAL SUCCESS1 !IR P[]1 IS A RESULT ( ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT !IR PRACTICE IS ILLUM9AT$ BY ! !ORY ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM & !Y >E !REBY RAIS$ ABOVE ! LEVEL ( A N>R[-M9D$ SOCIALISM4 ,! /R5G? ( ! 0PRACTICAL POLICY0 ( ! ,G]MAN TRADE-UNIONS LIES 9 !IR 9SI<T 9TO ! DEEP] SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CONNECTIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM2 BUT !Y [E ?IS 9SI<T 5TIRELY TO ! !ORY ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM UPON :I* !IR PRACTICE IS BAS$4 ,VIEW$ 9 ?IS WAY1 ANY ATTEMPT TO EMANCIPATE ! TRADE-UNIONS FROM ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC !ORY 9 FAVOR ( SOME O!R 0TRADE-UNION !ORY0 OPPOS$ TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 IS1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! TRADE-UNIONS !MSELVES & ( !IR FUTURE1 NO?+ BUT AN ATTEMPT TO COMMIT SUICIDE4 ,! SEP>ATION ( TRADE-UNION PRACTICE FROM ! !ORY ( SCI5TIFIC SOCIALISM W\LD MEAN TO ! ,G]MAN TRADE-UNIONS ! IMM$IATE LOSS ( ALL !IR SUP]IORITY OV] ALL K9DS ( B\RGEOIS TRADE-UNIONS1 & !IR FALL FROM !IR PRES5T HEI<T TO ! LEVEL ( UN/EADY GROP+ & M]E DULL EMPIRICISM4 

,?IRDLY & F9ALLY1 ! TRADE-UNIONS >E1 AL?\< !IR LEAD]S HAVE GRADUALLY LO/ SI<T ( ! FACT1 EV5 AS REG>DS !IR NUM]ICAL /R5G?1 A DIRECT PRODUCT ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T & ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC AGITATION4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT 9 MANY DI/RICTS TRADE-UNION AGITATION PREC$ES SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC AGITATION1 & ?AT EV]Y:]E TRADE-UNION WORK PREP>ES ! WAY = P>TY WORK4 ,FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( EFFECT1 P>TY & TRADE-UNIONS ASSI/ EA* O!R TO ! FULLE/ EXT5T4 ,BUT :5 ! PICTURE ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ,G]MANY IS LOOK$ AT AS A :OLE & ITS MORE DEEP-SEAT$ ASSOCIATIONS1 ! PROPORTIONS >E CONSID]ABLY ALT]$4 ,MANY TRADE-UNION LEAD]S >E 9 ! HABIT ( LOOK+ D[N TRIUMPHANTLY FROM ! PR\D HEI<T ( !IR MEMB]%IP ( ONE & A QU>T] MILLION ON ! MIS]ABLE ORGANIZ$ MEMB]S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY1 NOT YET HALF A MILLION /RONG1 & ( RECALL+ ! TIME1 T5 OR TWELVE YE>S AGO1 :5 ?OSE 9 ! RANKS ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY W]E PESSIMI/IC AS TO ! PROSPECTS ( TRADE-UNION DEVELOPM5T4 

,!Y DO SEE ?AT BETWE5 !SE TWO ?+S - ! L>GE NUMB] ( ORGANIZ$ TRADE UNIONI/S & ! SMALL NUMB] ( ORGANIZ$ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS - !RE EXI/S 9 A C]TA9 DEGREE A DIRECT CAUSAL CONNECTION4 ,?\S&S & ?\S&S ( WORK]S DO NOT JO9 ! P>TY ORGANIZATIONS PRECISELY BECAUSE !Y JO9 ! TRADE-UNIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! !ORY1 ALL ! WORK]S MU/ BE D\BLY ORGANIZ$1 MU/ ATT5D TWO K9DS ( MEET+S1 PAY D\BLE CONTRIBUTIONS1 READ TWO K9DS ( WORK]S' PAP]S1 ETC4 ,BUT = ?IS IT IS NECESS>Y TO HAVE A HI<] /&>D ( 9TELLIG5CE & ( ?AT IDEALISM :I*1 FROM A PURE FEEL+ ( DUTY TO ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 IS PREP>$ = ! DAILY SACRIFICE ( TIME & MONEY1 & F9ALLY1 A HI<] /&>D ( ?AT PASSIONATE 9T]E/ 9 ! ACTUAL LIFE ( ! P>TY :I* CAN ONLY BE 5G5D]$ BY MEMB]%IP ( ! P>TY ORGANIZATION4 ,ALL ?IS IS TRUE ( ! MO/ 5LI<T5$ & 9TELLIG5T M9ORITY ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC WORK]S 9 ! L>GE T[NS1 :]E P>TY LIFE IS FULL & ATTRACTIVE & :]E ! WORK]S' /&>D ( LIV+ IS HI<4 ,AMONG ! WID] SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ MASSES 9 ! L>GE T[NS1 H[EV]1 AS WELL AS 9 ! PROV9CES1 9 ! SMALL] & ! SMALLE/ T[NS :]E POLITICAL LIFE IS NOT AN 9DEP5D5T ?+ BUT A M]E REFLEX ( ! C\RSE ( EV5TS 9 ! CAPITAL1 :]E CONSEQU5TLY1 P>TY LIFE IS POOR & MONOTON\S1 & :]E1 F9ALLY1 ! ECONOMIC /&>D ( LIFE ( ! WORK]S IS1 = ! MO/ P>T1 MIS]ABLE1 IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO SECURE ! D\BLE =M ( ORGANIZATION4 

,= ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATICALLY-M9D$ WORK] FROM ! MASSES ! QUE/ION WILL BE SOLV$ BY HIS JO9+ HIS TRADE-UNION4 ,! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( HIS ECONOMIC /RUGGLE :I* >E CONDITION$ BY ! NATURE ( ! /RUGGLE ITSELF CANNOT BE ADVANC$ 9 ANY O!R WAY ?AN BY MEMB]%IP ( A TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION4 ,! CONTRIBUTION :I* HE PAYS1 (T5 AMID CONSID]ABLE SACRIFICE ( HIS /&>D ( LIV+1 BR+ HIM IMM$IATE1 VISIBLE RESULTS4 ,HIS SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC 9CL9ATIONS1 H[EV]1 5ABLE HIM TO P>TICIPATE 9 V>I\S K9DS ( WORK )\T BELONG+ TO A SPECIAL P>TY ORGANIZATION2 BY VOT+ AT P>LIAM5T>Y ELECTIONS1 BY ATT5DANCE AT SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PUBLIC MEET+S1 BY FOLL[+ ! REPORTS ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC SPEE*ES 9 REPRES5TATIVES BODIES1 & BY READ+ ! P>TY PRESS4 ,COMP>E 9 ?IS CONNECTION ! NUMB] ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ELECTORS OR ! NUMB] ( SUBSCRIB]S TO ,VORW>TS ) ! NUMB] ( ORGANIZ$ P>TY MEMB]S 9 ,B]L96 

,& :AT IS MO/ DECISIVE1 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATICALLY-M9D$ AV]AGE WORK] :O1 AS A SIMPLE MAN1 CAN HAVE NO UND]/&+ ( ! 9TRICATE & F9E SO-CALL$ TWO-S\L !ORY1 FEELS ?AT HE IS1 EV5 9 ! TRADE UNION1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATICALLY ORGANIZ$4 ,AL?\< ! C5TRAL COMMITTEES ( ! UNIONS HAVE NO (FICIAL P>TY LABEL1 ! WORKMAN FROM ! MASSES 9 EV]Y CITY & T[N SEES ! HEAD ( HIS TRADE-UNION AS ! MO/ ACTIVE LEAD]1 ?OSE COLLEAGUES :OM HE KN[S ALSO AS COMRADES & SOCIAL DEMOCRATS 9 PUBLIC LIFE1 N[ AS ,REI*/AG1 ,L&/AG OR LOCAL REPRES5TATIVES1 N[ AS TRU/$ M5 ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 MEMB]S ( ELECTION COMMITTEES1 P>TY $ITORS & SECRET>IES1 OR M]ELY AS SPEAK]S & AGITATORS4 ,FUR!R1 HE HE>S EXPRESS$ 9 ! AGITATIONAL WORK ( HIS TRADE-UNION MU* ! SAME IDEAS1 PLEAS+ & 9TELLIGIBLE TO HIM1 ( CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 CLASS RELATIONS1 ETC41 AS ?OSE ?AT HAVE COME TO HIM FROM SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC AGITATION4 ,9DE$1 ! MO/ & BE/ LOV$ ( ! SPEAK]S AT TRADE-UNION MEET+S >E ?OSE SAME SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 

,?US EV]Y?+ COMB9ES TO GIVE ! AV]AGE CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK] ! FEEL+ ?AT HE1 9 BE+ ORGANIZ$ 9 HIS TRADE-UNION1 IS ALSO A MEMB] ( HIS LABOR P>TY & IS SOCIAL DEMOCRATICALLY ORGANIZ$1 & !RE9 LIES ! PECULI> RECRUIT+ /R5G? ( ! ,G]MAN TRADE-UNIONS4 ,NOT BECAUSE ( ! APPE>ANCE ( NEUTRALITY1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC REALITY ( !IR BE+1 HAVE ! C5TRAL UNIONS BE+ 5ABL$ TO ATTA9 !IR PRES5T /R5G?4 ,?IS IS SIMPLY ?R\< ! CO-EXI/5CE ( ! V>I\S UNIONS - ,CA?OLIC1 ,HIRS*-,DUNK]1 ETC4 - F\ND$ BY B\RGEOIS P>TIES BY :I* IT WAS S\<T TO E/ABLI% ! NECESSITY = ?AT POLITICAL 0NEUTRALITY40 ,:5 ! ,G]MAN WORK] :O HAS FULL FRE$OM ( *OICE TO ATTA* HIMSELF TO A ,*RI/IAN1 ,CA?OLIC1 ,EVANGELICAL OR ,FREE-?9K+ TRADE-UNION1 *OOSES NONE ( !SE BUT ! 0FREE TRADE-UNION0 9/EAD1 OR LEAVES ONE ( ! =M] TO JO9 ! LATT]1 HE DOES SO ONLY BECAUSE HE CONSID]S ?AT ! C5TRAL UNIONS >E ! AV[$ ORGANIZATIONS ( ! MOD]N CLASS /RUGGLE1 OR1 :AT IS ! SAME ?+ 9 ,G]MANY1 ?AT !Y >E SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC TRADE-UNIONS4 

,9 A WORD ! APPE>ANCE ( 0NEUTRALITY10 :I* EXI/S 9 ! M9DS ( MANY TRADE-UNION LEAD]S1 DOES NOT EXI/ = ! MASS ( ORGANIZ$ TRADE-UNIONI/S4 ,& ?AT IS ! GOOD =TUNE ( ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T4 ,IF ! APPE>ANCE ( 0NEUTRALITY01 ?AT ALI5ATION & SEP>ATION ( ! TRADE-UNIONS FROM SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 REALLY & TRULY BECOMES A REALITY 9 ! EYES ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 !N ! TRADE-UNIONS W\LD IMM$IATELY LOSE ALL !IR ADVANTAGES OV] COMPET+ B\RGEOIS UNIONS1 & !RE) !IR RECRUIT+ P[]1 !IR LIV+ FIRE4 ,?IS IS CONCLUSIVELY PROV$ BY ! FACTS :I* >E G5]ALLY KN[N4 ,! APPE>ANCE ( P>TY-POLITICAL 0NEUTRALITY0 ( ! TRADE-UNIONS C\LD1 AS A MEANS ( ATTRACTION1 R5D] 9E/IMABLE S]VICE 9 A C\NTRY 9 :I* SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ITSELF HAS NO CR$IT AMONG ! MASSES1 9 :I* ! ODIUM ATTA*+ A WORK]S' ORGANIZATION 9JURES IT 9 ! EYES ( ! MASSES RA!R ?AN ADVANTAGES IT - :]E1 9 A WORD1 ! TRADE-UNIONS MU/ FIR/ ( ALL RECRUIT !IR TROOPS FROM A :OLLY UN5LI<T5$1 B\RGEOIS-M9D$ MASS4 

,! BE/ EXAMPLE ( SU* A C\NTRY WAS1 ?R\<\T ! :OLE ( ! LA/ C5TURY1 & IS TO A C]TA9 EXT5T TODAY1 ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,9 ,G]MANY1 H[EV]1 P>TY RELATIONS >E ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T4 ,9 A C\NTRY1 9 :I* SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS ! MO/ P[]FUL POLITICAL P>TY1 9 :I* ITS RECRUIT+ P[] IS REPRES5T$ BY AN >MY ( OV] ?REE MILLION PROLET>IANS1 IT IS RIDICUL\S TO SPEAK ( ! DET]R5T EFFECT ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ( ! NECESSITY = A FI<T+ ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S TO 5SURE POLITICAL NEUTRALITY4 ,! M]E COMP>ISON ( ! FIGURES ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC VOT]S ) ! FIGURES ( ! TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATIONS 9 ,G]MANY IS SUFFICI5T TO PROVE TO ! MO/ SIMPLE-M9D$ ?AT ! TRADE-UNIONS 9 ,G]MANY DO NOT1 AS 9 ,5GL&1 DRAW !IR TROOPS FROM ! UN5LI<T5$ B\RGEOIS-M9D$ MASS1 BUT FROM ! MASS ( PROLET>IANS ALREADY >\S$ BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & WON BY IT TO ! IDEA ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,MANY TRADE-UNION LEAD]S 9DIGNANTLY REJECT ! IDEA - A REQUISITE ( ! 0!ORY ( NEUTRALITY0 - & REG>D ! TRADE-UNIONS AS A RECRUIT+ S*OOL = SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,?IS APP>5TLY 9SULT+1 BUT 9 REALITY1 HI<LY FLATT]+ PRESUMPTION IS 9 ,G]MANY R$UC$ TO M]E FANCY BY ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT ! POSITIONS >E REV]S$2 IT IS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :I* IS ! RECRUIT+ S*OOL = ! TRADE-UNIONS4 

,MOREOV]1 IF ! ORGANIZATIONAL WORK ( ! TRADE-UNIONS IS = ! MO/ P>T ( A V]Y DIFFICULT & TR\BLESOME K9D1 IT IS1 ) ! EXCEPTION ( A FEW CASES & SOME DI/RICTS1 NOT M]ELY BECAUSE ON ! :OLE1 ! SOIL HAS NOT BE5 PREP>$ BY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC PL[1 BUT ALSO BECAUSE ! TRADE-UNION SE$ ITSELF1 & ! S[] AS WELL1 MU/ ALSO BE 0R$10 SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC BE=E ! H>VE/ CAN PROSP]4 ,BUT :5 WE COMP>E 9 ?IS WAY ! FIGURES ( TRADE-UNION /R5G?1 NOT ) ?OSE ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS1 BUT - :I* IS ! ONLY CORRECT WAY - ) ?OSE ( ! MASS ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC VOT]S1 WE COME TO A CONCLUSION :I* DIFF]S CONSID]ABLY FROM ! CURR5T VIEW ( ! MATT]4 ,! FACT !N COMES TO LI<T ?AT ! 0FREE TRADE-UNIONS0 ACTUALLY REPRES5T TODAY BUT A M9ORITY ( ! CLASS-CONSCI\S WORK]S ( ,G]MANY1 ?AT EV5 ) !IR ONE & A QU>T] MILLION ORGANIZ$ MEMB]S !Y HAVE NOT YET BE5 ABLE TO DRAW 9TO !IR RANKS ONE-HALF ( ?OSE ALREADY >\S$ BY SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT CONCLUSION TO BE DRAWN FROM ! FACTS ABOVE CIT$ IS ?AT ! COMPLETE UNITY ( ! TRADE-UNION & ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5TS1 :I* IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = ! COM+ MASS /RUGGLES 9 ,G]MANY1 IS ACTUALLY H]E1 & ?AT IT IS 9CORPORAT$ 9 ! WIDE MASS :I* =MS ! BASIS AT ONCE ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & TRADE-UNIONISM1 & 9 :OSE CONSCI\SNESS BO? P>TS ( ! MOVEM5T >E M+L$ 9 A M5TAL UNITY4 ,! ALLEG$ ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & TRADE UNIONS %R9KS TO AN ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & A C]TA9 P>T ( ! TRADE-UNION (FICIALS1 :I* IS1 H[EV]1 AT ! SAME TIME AN ANTAGONISM )9 ! TRADE UNIONS BETWE5 ?IS P>T ( ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S & ! PROLET>IAN MASS ORGANIZ$ 9 TRADE UNIONS4 

,! RAPID GR[? ( ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T 9 ,G]MANY 9 ! C\RSE ( ! LA/ FIFTE5 YE>S1 ESPECIALLY 9 ! P]IOD ( GREAT ECONOMIC PROSP]ITY FROM #ahie TO #ai HAS BR\<T ) IT A GREAT 9DEP5D5CE ( ! TRADE-UNIONS1 A SPECIALIZ+ ( !IR ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE1 & F9ALLY ! 9TRODUCTION ( A REGUL> TRADE-UNION (FICIALDOM4 ,ALL !SE PH5OM5A >E QUITE UND]/&ABLE & NATURAL HI/ORICAL PRODUCTS ( ! GR[? ( ! TRADE-UNIONS 9 ?IS FIFTE5-YE> P]IOD1 & ( ! ECONOMIC PROSP]ITY & POLITICAL CALM ( ,G]MANY4 ,!Y >E1 AL?\< 9SEP>ABLE FROM C]TA9 DRAWBACKS1 )\T D\BT A HI/ORICALLY NECESS>Y EVIL4 ,BUT ! DIALECTICS ( DEVELOPM5T ALSO BR+S ) IT ! CIRCUM/ANCE ?AT !SE NECESS>Y MEANS ( PROMOT+ TRADE-UNION GR[? BECOME1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 OB/ACLES TO ?IS FUR!R DEVELOPM5T AT A C]TA9 /AGE ( ORGANIZATION & AT A C]TA9 DEGREE ( RIP5ESS ( CONDITIONS4 

,! SPECIALIZATION ( PR(ESSIONAL ACTIVITY AS TRADE-UNION LEAD]S1 AS WELL AS ! NATURALLY RE/RICT$ HORIZON :I* IS B\ND UP ) DISCONNECT$ ECONOMIC /RUGGLES 9 A PEACEFUL P]IOD1 LEADS ONLY TOO EASILY1 AMONG TRADE-UNION (FICIALS1 TO BUREAUCRATISM & A C]TA9 N>R[NESS ( \TLOOK4 ,BO?1 H[EV]1 EXPRESS !MSELVES 9 A :OLE S]IES ( T5D5CIES :I* MAY BE FATEFUL 9 ! HI<E/ DEGREE = ! FUTURE ( ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T4 ,!RE IS FIR/ ( ALL ! OV]VALUATION ( ! ORGANIZATION1 :I* FROM A MEANS HAS GRADUALLY BE5 *ANG$ 9TO AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 A PRECI\S ?+1 TO :I* ! 9T]E/S ( ! /RUGGLES %\LD BE SUBORD9AT$4 ,FROM ?IS ALSO COMES ?AT OP5LY ADMITT$ NE$ = PEACE :I* %R9KS FROM GREAT RISKS & PRESUM$ DANG]S TO ! /ABILITY ( ! TRADE-UNIONS1 & FUR!R1 ! OV]VALUATION ( ! TRADE-UNION ME?OD ( /RUGGLE ITSELF1 ITS PROSPECTS & ITS SUCCESSES4 

,! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S1 CON/ANTLY ABSORB$ 9 ! ECONOMIC GU]RILLA W> :OSE PLAUSIBLE TASK IT IS TO MAKE ! WORK]S PLACE ! HI<E/ VALUE ON ! SMALLE/ ECONOMIC A*IEVEM5T1 EV]Y 9CREASE 9 WAGES & %ORT5+ ( ! WORK+ DAY1 GRADUALLY LOSE ! P[] ( SEE+ ! L>G] CONNECTIONS & ( TAK+ A SURVEY ( ! :OLE POSITION4 ,ONLY 9 ?IS WAY CAN ONE EXPLA9 :Y MANY TRADE-UNION LEAD]S REF] ) ! GREATE/ SATISFACTION TO ! A*IEVEM5TS ( ! LA/ FIFTE5 YE>S1 9/EAD (1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 EMPHASIZ+ ! O!R SIDE ( ! M$AL2 ! SIMULTANE\S & IMM5SE R$UCTION ( ! PROLET>IAN /&>D ( LIFE BY L& USURY1 BY ! :OLE TAX & CU/OMS POLICY1 BY L&LORD RAPACITY :I* HAS 9CREAS$ H\SE R5TS TO SU* AN EXORBITANT EXT5T1 9 %ORT1 BY ALL ! OBJECTIVE T5D5CIES ( B\RGEOIS POLICY :I* HAVE L>GELY NEUTRALIZ$ ! ADVANTAGES ( ! FIFTE5 YE>S ( TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE4 ,FROM ! :OLE SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC TRU? :I*1 :ILE EMPHASIZ+ ! IMPORTANCE ( ! PRES5T WORK & ITS ABSOLUTE NECESSITY1 ATTA*ES ! *IEF IMPORTANCE TO ! CRITICISM & ! LIMITS TO ?IS WORK1 ! HALF TRADE-UNION TRU? IS TAK5 :I* EMPHASIZES ONLY ! POSITIVE SIDE ( ! DAILY /RUGGLE4 

,& F9ALLY1 FROM ! CONCEALM5T ( ! OBJECTIVE LIMITS DRAWN BY ! B\RGEOIS SOCIAL ORD] TO ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE1 !RE >ISES A HO/ILITY TO EV]Y !ORETICAL CRITICISM :I* REF]S TO !SE LIMITS 9 CONNECTION ) ! ULTIMATE AIMS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,FULSOME FLATT]Y & B\NDLESS OPTIMISM >E CONSID]$ TO BE ! DUTY ( EV]Y 0FRI5D ( ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T40 ,BUT AS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC /&PO9T CONSI/S PRECISELY 9 FI<T+ AGA9/ UNCRITICAL P>LIAM5T>Y OPTIMISM1 A FRONT IS AT LA/ MADE AGA9/ ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC !ORY3 M5 GROPE = A 0NEW TRADE-UNION !ORY10 ?AT IS1 A !ORY :I* W\LD OP5 AN ILLIMITABLE VI/A ( ECONOMIC PROGRESS TO ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE )9 ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 9 OPPOSITION TO ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC DOCTR9E4 ,SU* A !ORY HAS 9DE$ EXI/$ = SOME TIME - ! !ORY ( ,PR(ESSOR ,SOMB>T :I* WAS PROMULGAT$ ) ! EXPRESS 9T5TION ( DRIV+ A W$GE BETWE5 ! TRADE-UNIONS & ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY 9 ,G]MANY1 & ( 5TIC+ ! TRADE-UNIONS OV] TO ! B\RGEOIS POSITION4 

,9 CLOSE CONNECTION ) !SE !ORETICAL T5D5CIES IS A REVOLUTION 9 ! RELATIONS ( LEAD]S & RANK-&-FILE4 ,9 PLACE ( ! DIRECTION BY COLLEAGUES ?R\< LOCAL COMMITTEES1 ) !IR ADMITT$ 9ADEQUACY1 !RE APPE>S ! BUS9ESS-LIKE DIRECTION ( ! TRADE-UNION (FICIALS4 ,! 9ITIATIVE & ! P[] ( MAK+ DECISIONS !REBY DEVOLVE UPON TRADE-UNION SPECIALI/S1 SO TO SPEAK1 & ! MORE PASSIVE VIRTUE ( DISCIPL9E UPON ! MASS ( MEMB]S4 ,?IS D>K SIDE ( (FICIALDOM ALSO ASSUR$LY CONCEALS CONSID]ABLE DANG]S = ! P>TY1 AS FROM ! LATE/ 9NOVATION1 ! 9/ITUTION ( LOCAL P>TY SECRET>IES1 IT CAN QUITE EASILY RESULT1 IF ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC MASS IS NOT C>EFUL ?AT !SE SECRET>IATS MAY REMA9 M]E ORGANS = C>RY+ \T DECISIONS & NOT BE REG>D$ 9 ANY WAY ! APPO9T$ BE>]S ( ! 9ITIATIVE & ( ! DIRECTION ( LOCAL P>TY LIFE4 ,BUT BY ! NATURE ( ! CASE1 BY ! *>ACT] ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 !RE >E N>R[ B\NDS DRAWN TO BUREAUCRATISM 9 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY AS 9 TRADE-UNION LIFE4 

,BUT H]E ! TE*NICAL SPECIALIZ+ ( WAGE /RUGGLES AS1 = EXAMPLE1 ! CONCLUSION ( 9TRICATE T>IFF AGREEM5TS & = ! LIKE1 FREQU5TLY MEANS ?AT ! MASS ( ORGANIZ$ WORK]S >E PROHIBIT$ FROM TAK+ A 0SURVEY ( ! :OLE 9DU/RIAL LIFE10 & !IR 9CAPACITY = TAK+ DECISIONS IS !REBY E/ABLI%$4 ,A CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS CONCEPTION IS ! >GUM5T ) :I* EV]Y !ORETICAL CRITICISM ( ! PROSPECTS & POSSIBILITIES ( TRADE-UNION PRACTICE IS TABOO$ & :I* ALLEGES ?AT IT REPRES5TS A DANG] TO ! PI\S TRADE-UNION S5TIM5T ( ! MASSES4 ,FROM ?IS1 A PO9T ( VIEW HAS BE5 DEVELOP$1 ?AT IT IS ONLY BY BL9D1 *ILD-LIKE FAI? 9 ! EFFICACY ( ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES CAN BE WON & HELD = ! ORGANIZATION4 ,9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :I* BASES ITS 9FLU5CE ON ! UNITY ( ! MASSES AMID ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! EXI/+ ORD] & 9 ! COMPLICAT$ *>ACT] ( ITS DEVELOPM5T1 & ON ! CRITICAL ATTITUDE ( ! MASSES TO ALL FACTORS & /AGES ( !IR [N CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! 9FLU5CE & ! P[] ( ! TRADE-UNIONS >E F\ND$ UPON ! UPSIDE-D[N !ORY ( ! 9CAPACITY ( ! MASSES = CRITICISM & DECISION4 0,! FAI? ( ! PEOPLE MU/ BE MA9TA9$0 - ?AT IS ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE1 ACT+ UPON :I* MANY TRADE-UNION (FICIALS /AMP AS ATTEMPTS ON ! LIFE ( ?IS MOVEM5T1 ALL CRITICISMS ( ! OBJECTIVE 9ADEQUACY ( TRADE-UNIONISM4 

,& F9ALLY1 A RESULT ( ALL ?IS SPECIALIZATION & ?IS BUREAUCRATISM AMONG TRADE-UNION (FICIALS IS ! GREAT 9DEP5D5CE & ! 0NEUTRALITY0 ( ! TRADE-UNIONS 9 RELATION TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,! EXTREME 9DEP5D5CE ( ! TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION IS A NATURAL RESULT ( ITS GR[?1 AS A RELATION :I* HAS GR[N \T ( ! TE*NICAL DIVISION ( WORK BETWE5 ! POLITICAL & ! TRADE-UNION =MS ( /RUGGLE4 ,! 0NEUTRALITY0 ( ! ,G]MAN TRADE-UNIONS1 ON ITS P>T1 >OSE AS A PRODUCT ( ! REACTION>Y TRADE-UNION LEGISLATION ( ! ,PRUSSO-,G]MAN POLICE /ATE4 ,) TIME1 BO? ASPECTS ( !IR NATURE HAVE ALT]$4 ,FROM ! CONDITION ( POLITICAL 0NEUTRALITY0 ( ! TRADE-UNIONS IMPOS$ BY ! POLICE1 A !ORY ( !IR VOLUNT>Y NEUTRALITY HAS BE5 EVOLV$ AS A NECESSITY F\ND$ UPON ! ALLEG$ NATURE ( ! TRADE-UNION /RUGGLE ITSELF4 ,& ! TE*NICAL 9DEP5D5CE ( ! TRADE-UNIONS :I* %\LD RE/ UPON ! DIVISION ( WORK 9 ! UNIFI$ SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC CLASS /RUGGLE1 ! SEP>ATION ( ! TRADE-UNIONS FROM SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 FROM ITS VIEWS & ITS LEAD]%IP1 HAS BE5 *ANG$ 9TO ! SO-CALL$ EQUAL AU?ORITY ( TRADE-UNIONS & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,! APPE>ANCE ( SEP>ATION & EQUALITY ( TRADE-UNIONS & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS1 H[EV]1 9CORPORAT$ *IEFLY 9 ! TRADE-UNION (FICIALS1 & /R5G!N$ ?R\< ! MANAG+ APP>ATUS ( ! TRADE-UNIONS4 ,\TW>DLY1 BY ! CO-EXI/5CE ( A COMPLETE /AFF ( TRADE-UNION (FICIALS1 ( A :OLLY 9DEP5D5T C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 ( NUM]\S PR(ESSIONAL PRESS1 & F9ALLY ( A TRADE-UNION CONGRESS1 ! ILLUSION IS CREAT$ ( AN EXACT P>ALLEL ) ! MANAG+ APP>ATUS ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 ! P>TY EXECUTIVE1 ! P>TY PRESS & ! P>TY CONF]5CE4 ,?IS ILLUSION ( EQUALITY BETWE5 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ! TRADE-UNION HAD L$ TO1 AMONG O!R ?+S1 ! MON/R\S SPECTACLE ?AT1 9 P>T1 QUITE ANALOG\S AG5DAS >E DISCUSS$ AT SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC CONF]5CES & TRADE-UNION CONGRESSES1 & ?AT ON ! SAME QUE/IONS DIFF]5T1 & EV5 DIAMETRICALLY OPPOSITE1 DECISIONS >E TAK54 ,FROM ! NATURAL DIVISION ( WORK BETWE5 ! P>TY CONF]5CE 7:I* REPRES5TS ! G5]AL 9T]E/S & TASKS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T71 & ! TRADE-UNION CONGRESS 7:I* DEALS ) ! MU* N>R[] SPH]E ( SOCIAL QUE/IONS & 9T]E/S7 ! >TIFICIAL DIVISION HAS BE5 MADE ( A PRET5D$ TRADE-UNION & A SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC \TLOOK 9 RELATION TO ! SAME G5]AL QUE/IONS & 9T]E/S ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 

,?US ! PECULI> POSITION HAS >IS5 ?AT ?IS SAME TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T :I* BEL[1 9 ! WIDE PROLET>IAN MASSES1 IS ABSOLUTELY ONE ) SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 P>TS ABRUPTLY FROM IT ABOVE1 9 ! SUP]-/RUCTURE ( MANAGEM5T1 & SETS ITSELF UP AS AN 9DEP5D5T GREAT P[]4 ,! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T !RE=E ASSUMES ! PECULI> =M ( A D\BLE PYRAMID :OSE BASE & BODY CONSI/ ( ONE SOLID MASS BUT :OSE APEXES >E WIDE AP>T4 

,IT IS CLE> FROM ?IS PRES5TATION ( ! CASE 9 :AT WAY ALONE 9 A NATURAL & SUCCESSFUL MANN] ?AT COMPACT UNITY ( ! ,G]MAN LABOR MOVEM5T CAN BE ATTA9$ :I*1 9 VIEW ( ! COM+ POLITICAL CLASS /RUGGLES & ( ! PECULI> 9T]E/S ( ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! TRADE-UNIONS1 IS 9DISP5SABLY NECESS>Y4 ,NO?+ C\LD BE MORE P]V]SE OR MORE HOPELESS ?AN TO DESIRE TO ATTA9 ! UNITY DESIR$ BY MEANS ( SPORADIC & P]IODICAL NEGOTIATIONS ON 9DIVIDUAL QUE/IONS AFFECT+ ! LABOR MOVEM5T BETWE5 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY LEAD]%IP & ! TRADE-UNION C5TRAL COMMITTEES4 ,IT IS JU/ ! HI<E/ CIRCLES ( BO? =MS ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 :I* AS WE HAVE SE51 9CORPORATE !IR SEP>ATION & SELF-SUFFICI5CY1 :I* >E !MSELVES1 !RE=E1 ! PROMOT]S ( ! ILLUSION ( ! 0EQUAL AU?ORITY0 & ( ! P>ALLEL EXI/5CE ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & TRADE-UNIONISM4 

,TO DESIRE ! UNITY ( !SE ?R\< ! UNION ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE & ! G5]AL COMMISSION IS TO DESIRE TO BUILD A BRIDGE AT ! V]Y SPOT :]E ! DI/ANCE IS GREAT] & ! CROSS+ MORE DIFFICULT4 ,NOT ABOVE1 AMONG ! HEADS ( ! LEAD+ DIRECT+ ORGANIZATIONS & 9 !IR F$]ATIVE ALLIANCE1 BUT BEL[1 AMONG ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAN MASSES1 LIES ! GU>ANTEE ( ! REAL UNITY ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,9 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MILLION TRADE-UNIONI/S1 ! P>TY & ! TRADE UNIONS >E ACTUALLY ONE1 !Y REPRES5T 9 DIFF]5T =MS ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC /RUGGLE = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,& ! NECESSITY AUTOMATICALLY >ISES !REFROM ( REMOV+ ANY CAUSES ( FRICTION :I* HAVE >IS5 BETWE5 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & A P>T ( ! TRADE UNIONS1 ( ADAPT+ !IR MUTUAL RELATION TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! PROLET>IAN MASSES1 ?AT IS1 ( RE-JO9+ ! TRADE-UNIONS TO SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,! SYN!SIS ( ! REAL DEVELOPM5T :I* L$ FROM ! ORIG9AL 9CORPORATION ( ! TRADE-UNIONS TO !IR SEP>ATION FROM SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WILL !REBY BE EXPRESS$1 & ! WAY WILL BE PREP>$ = ! COM+ P]IOD ( GREAT PROLET>IAN MASS /RUGGLES DUR+ ! P]IOD ( VIGOR\S GR[?1 ( BO? TRADE-UNIONS & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & !IR REUNION1 9 ! 9T]E/S ( BO?1 WILL BECOME A NECESSITY4 

,IT IS NOT1 ( C\RSE1 A QUE/ION ( ! M]G+ ( ! TRADE-UNION ORGANIZATION 9 ! P>TY1 BUT ( ! RE/ORATION ( ! UNITY ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY & ! TRADE-UNIONS :I* CORRESPONDS TO ! ACTUAL RELATION BETWE5 ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS A :OLE & ITS P>TIAL TRADE-UNION EXPRESSION4 ,SU* A REVOLUTION WILL 9EVITABLY CALL =? A VIGOR\S OPPOSITION FROM A P>T ( ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]%IP4 ,BUT IT IS HI< TIME = ! WORK+ MASSES ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY TO LE>N H[ TO EXPRESS !IR CAPACITY = DECISION & ACTION1 & !RE) TO DEMON/RATE !IR RIP5ESS = ?AT TIME ( GREAT /RUGGLES & GREAT TASKS 9 :I* !Y1 ! MASSES1 WILL BE ! ACTUAL *ORUS & ! DIRECT+ BODIES WILL M]ELY ACT ! 0SPEAK+ P>TS10 ?AT IS1 WILL ONLY BE ! 9T]PRET]S ( ! WILL ( ! MASSES4 

,! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T IS NOT ?AT :I* IS REFLECT$ 9 ! QUITE UND]/&ABLE BUT IRRATIONAL ILLUSION ( A M9ORITY ( ! TRADE-UNION LEAD]S1 BUT ?AT :I* LIVES 9 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! MASS ( PROLET>IANS :O HAVE BE5 WON = ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,9 ?IS CONSCI\SNESS ! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T IS P>T ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 0,& :AT IT IS1 ?AT %\LD IT D>E TO APPE>40 

,FOOTNOTE 

.<#a.> ,AS ! EXI/5CE ( SU* A T5D5CY )9 ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS G5]ALLY D5I$1 ONE MU/ BE GRATEFUL = ! C&OR ) :I* ! OPPORTUNI/ TR5D HAS REC5TLY =MULAT$ ITS REAL AIMS & WI%ES4 ,AT A P>TY MEET+ 9 ,MAY5CE ON ,SEPTEMB] #a1 #a#i#i1 ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION1 PROPOS$ BY ,DR4 ,DAVID1 WAS C>RI$4 

0,:]EAS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY 9T]PRETS ! T]M 'REVOLUTION' NOT 9 ! S5SE ( VIOL5T OV]?R[1 BUT 9 ! PEACEFUL S5SE ( DEVELOPM5T1 ?AT IS1 ! GRADUAL REALIZATION ( A NEW ECONOMIC PR9CIPLE1 ! PUBLIC P>TY MEET+ AT ,MAY5CE REPUDIATES EV]Y K9D ( REVOLUTION>Y ROMANCE40 

0,! MEET+ SEES 9 ! CONQUE/ ( POLITICAL P[] NO?+ BUT ! W9N+ OV] ( ! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE TO ! IDEAS & DEM&S ( ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY2 A CONQUE/ :I* CANNOT BE A*IEV$ BY MEANS ( VIOL5CE1 BUT ONLY BY ! REVOLUTIONIZ+ ( ! M9D BY MEANS ( 9TELLECTUAL PROPAG&A & PRACTICAL RE=M WORK 9 ALL SPH]ES ( POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC & SOCIAL LIFE40 

0,9 ! CONVICTION ?AT SOCIAL DEMOCRACY FL\RI%ES F> BETT] :5 IT EMPLOYS LEGAL MEANS ?AT :5 IT RELIES ON ILLEGAL MEANS & REVOLUTION1 ! MEET+ REPUDIATES 'DIRECT MASS ACTION' AS A TACTICAL PR9CIPLE1 & HOLDS FA/ TO ! PR9CIPLE ( 'P>LIAM5T>Y RE=M ACTION1' ?AT IS1 IT DESIRES ?AT ! P>TY 9 ! FUTURE AS 9 ! PA/1 %ALL E>NE/LY 5DEAVOR TO A*IEVE ITS AIMS BY LEGISLATION & GRADUAL ORGANIZATIONAL DEVELOPM5T40 

0,! 9DISP5SABLE CONDITION = ?IS RE=MI/ ME?OD ( /RUGGLE IS ?AT ! POSSIBILITY ( P>TICIPATION ( ! DISPOSSESS$ MASSES ( ! PEOPLE 9 ! LEGISLATION ( ! EMPIRE & ( ! 9DIVIDUAL /ATES %ALL NOT BE LESS5$ BUT 9CREAS$ TO ! FULLE/ POSSIBLE EXT5T4 ,= ?IS REASON1 ! MEET+ DECL>ES IT TO BE AN 9CONTE/ABLE RI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS TO )HOLD ITS LABOR = A LONG] OR %ORT] P]IOD TO W>D (F ATTACKS ON ITS LEGAL RI<TS & TO GA9 FUR!R RI<TS1 :5 ALL O!R MEANS FAIL40 

0,BUT AS ! POLITICAL MASS /RIKE CAN ONLY BE VICTORI\SLY C>RI$ ?R\< :5 KEPT )9 /RICTLY LEGAL LIMITS & :5 ! /RIK]S GIVE NO REASONABLE EXCUSE TO ! AU?ORITIES TO RESORT TO >M$ =CE1 ! MEET+ P]CEIVES ! ONLY NECESS>Y & REAL PREP>ATION = ! EX]CISE ( ?IS ME?OD ( /RUGGLE 9 ! FUR!R EXT5SION ( ! POLITICAL1 TRADE-UNION & COOP]ATIVE ORGANIZATIONS4 ,BECAUSE ONLY 9 ?IS WAY CAN ! CONDITIONS BE CREAT$ AMONG ! WIDE MASSES ( ! PEOPLE :I* CAN GU>ANTEE ! SUCCESSFUL PROSECUTION ( A MASS /RIKE3 CONSCI\S DISCIPL9E & ADEQUATE ECONOMIC SUPPORT40 

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