,! ,M>XI/ ,IDEOLOGY 9 ,RUSSIA ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,K>L ,KORS* ,TEXT 3 ,FIR/ PUBLI%$3 9 ,LIV+ ,M>XISM _?#b1 #ai* ,S\RCE3 ,CLASS ,AGA9/ ,CLASS2 ,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,ZDRAVKO ,SAVESKI1 = M>XI/S4ORG #b#i2 ,COMMUNISM1 = US1 IS NOT A /ATE ( ?+S TO BE E/ABLI%$ NOR AN IDEAL TO :I* REALITY MU/ ADAPT ITSELF2 WE CALL COMMUNISM ! ACTUAL MOVEM5T :I* TRANS=MS EXI/+ CONDITIONS4 ,M>X ,WE HAVE TO DEAL H]E ) AN ESPECIALLY PO9T$ EXAMPLE ( ! /RIK+ DISCREPANCY :I* 9 ONE =M OR ANO!R IS NOTICEABLE 9 ALL PHASES ( ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>XISM4 ,IT MAY BE *>ACT]IZ$ AS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! ,M>XIAN IDEOLOGY ON ! ONE H&1 & ! ACTUAL HI/ORICAL MOVEM5T :I*1 AT A GIV5 TIME1 IS CONCEAL$ B5EA? ?AT IDEOLOGICAL DISGUISE4 ,IT IS N[ ALMO/ A C5TURY S9CE A SPECIAL C5SOR1 DISPAT*$ FROM ,B]L9 TO SUPPLANT ! LOCAL AU?ORITIES ( ,COLOGNE 9 ! DIFFICULT TASK ( G>ROT+ ! 0ULTRA-DEMOCRATIC0 PAP] $IT$ BY ! #bd YE> OLD ,K>L ,M>X1 REPORT$ TO ! ,PRUSSIAN GOV]NM5T ?AT ! ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG MIX10 HAD DEF9ITELY RETIR$ FROM HIS JOB & !RE WAS NO POSSIBILITY ( A SUCCESSOR CAPABLE ( KEEP+ UP ! 0ODI\S DIGNITY0 HI!RTO A*IEV$ BY ! PAP] OR ( 0PROSECUT+ ITS POLICY ) 5]GY40 ,?AT ADVICE1 H[EV]1 WAS NOT FOLL[$ BY ! ,PRUSSIAN AU?ORITIES :O 9 ?IS MATT] W]E DIRECT$1 AS HAS N[ BECOME KN[N1 BY ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ> ,NI*OLAS ,I :OSE VICE-*ANCELLOR1 ,C\NT DE ,NESSELRODE1 HAD JU/ !N ?REAT5$ ! ,PRUSSIAN AMBASSADOR 9 ,MOSC[ TO LAY BE=E ,HIS ,IMP]IAL ,MAJE/Y'S EYES 0! 9FAM\S ATTACK :I* ! ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG1 PUBLI%$ AT ,COLOGNE1 HAD REC5TLY MADE ON ! ,RUSSIAN CAB9ET40 ,?AT HAPP5$ 9 ,PRUSSIA1 #a#h#d#c4 ,?REE DECADES LAT]1 ! C5SOR%IP AU?ORITIES ( CZ>I/ ,RUSSIA H]SELF P]MITT$ ! PUBLICATION 9 ,RUSSIA ( ,M>X'S WORK-! FIR/ V]SION ( ,CAPITAL EV] TO APPE> 9 ANO!R ?AN ! ,G]MAN LANGUAGE4 ,! DECISION WAS BAS$ ON ?IS PRECI\S >GUM5T3 0,AL?\< ! POLITICAL CONVICTIONS ( ! AU?OR >E 5TIRELY SOCIALI/ & AL?\< ! :OLE BOOK IS ( A DEF9ITELY SOCIALI/ *>ACT]1 ! MANN] ( ITS PRES5TATION IS C]TA9LY NOT SU* AS TO MAKE ! BOOK OP5 TO ALL1 & 9 ADDITION IT IS WRITT5 9 A /RICTLY MA!MATICALLY SCI5TIFIC /YLE SO ?AT ! COMMITTEE DECL>ES ! BOOK TO BE IMMUNE FROM PROSECUTION40 ,! CZ>I/ REGIME :I* WAS SO EAG] TO SUPPRESS EV5 ! SLIELESS AS TO ! DANG]S IMPLI$ 9 ,M>X'S SCI5TIFIC EXPOSURE ( ! CAPITALI/IC WORLD AS A :OLE1 WAS 9 FACT NEV] T\*$ BY ! FI]CE ATTACKS DIRECT$ BY ,M>X 9 ALL HIS LAT] C>E] AGA9/ ! 0IMM5SE & UNRESI/$ 5CROA*M5TS ( ?AT B>B>\S P[] :OSE HEAD IS AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG & :OSE H&S >E 9 EV]Y CAB9ET ( ,EUROPE40 ,YET IT WAS TO SUCCUMB TO JU/ ?AT APP>5TLY ALTOGE!R REMOTE M5ACE :I* HAD 9VISIBLY LURK$ 9 ! ,TROJAN HORSE 9ADV]T5TLY ADMITT$ 9TO ! PREC9CTS ( ! ,HOLY ,EMPIRE4 ,IT WAS F9ALLY ?R[N OV] BY ! MASSES ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S :OSE VANGU>D HAD LE>N$ ITS REVOLUTION>Y LESSON FROM ?AT 0MA!MATICALLY SCI5TIFIC0 WORK ( A LONELY ?9K]1 ,DAS ,KAPITAL4 ,UNLIKE ,WE/]N ,EUROPE-:]E ! ,M>XI/ !ORY >OSE 9 A P]IOD :5 ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION WAS ALREADY APPROA*+ ITS CLOSE & ,M>XISM EXPRESS$ A REAL & ACTUALIZ$ T5D5CY TO PASS BEYOND ! GOALS ( ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 ! T5D5CY ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS - ,M>XISM 9 ,RUSSIA WAS FROM ! BEG9N+ NO?+ MORE ?AN AN IDEOLOGICAL =M ASSUM$ BY ! MAT]IAL /RUGGLE = PUTT+ ACROSS ! CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 A PRE-CAPITALI/ C\NTRY4 ,= ?IS PURPOSE ,M>XISM WAS TAK5 UP GRE$ILY AS ! LA/ WORD ( ,EUROPE BY ! 5TIRE PROGRESSIVE 9TELLIG5TSIA4 ,B\RGEOIS SOCIETY FULLY DEVELOP$ 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WAS H]E JU/ 9 ITS BIR? PANGS4 ,YET ON ?IS NEW SOIL ! B\RGEOIS PR9CIPLE C\LD NOT MAKE USE1 ONCE AGA91 ( ?OSE HI/ORICAL \TWORN ILLUSIONS & SELF-DECEPTIONS ) :I* IT HAD CONCEAL$ FROM ITSELF ! RE/RICT$ B\RGEOIS CONT5T ( ITS DEVELOPM5TAL /RUGGLES 9 ,ITS FIR/ H]OIC PHASE 9 ! ,WE/1 & HAD KEPT ITS PASSIONS TO ! LEVEL ( GREAT HI/ORICAL EV5TS4 ,= P5ETRATION 9TO ! ,EA/1 IT NE$$ A NEW IDEOLOGICAL CO/UME4 ,& IT WAS JU/ ! ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E TAK5 OV] FROM ! ,WE/ :I* SEEM$ TO BE MO/ ABLE TO R5D] ! GR[+ B\RGEOIS DEVELOPM5T 9 ,RUSSIA ?AT IMPORTANT HI/ORICAL S]VICE4 ,M>XISM WAS F> SUP]IOR1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 TO ! NATIVE ,RUSSIAN CRE$ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y ,N>ODNIKI 7POPULI/S74 ,:ILE ! LATT] />T$ FROM ! BELIEF ?AT CAPITALISM AS EXI/+ 9 ! 0UNHOLY0 C\NTRIES ( ! ,WE/ WAS IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,M>XISM1 BY REASON ( ITS [N HI/ORICAL ORIG91 PRESUPPOS$ A FULLY ACCOMPLI%$ CAPITALI/IC CIVILIZATION AS A NECESS>Y HI/ORICAL /AGE 9 ! PROCESS ( ! ULTIMATE REALIZATION ( A TRULY SOCIALI/IC SOCIETY4 ,YET 9 ORD] TO R5D] ! RIS+ B\RGEOIS SOCIETY 9 ,RUSSIA SU* IDEOLOGICAL MID-WIFE S]VICE1 ! ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E REQUIR$ A FEW MODIFICATIONS EV5 9 ITS PURELY !ORETICAL CONT5TS4 ,?IS IS ! BASIC REASON =4 ! CONSID]ABLE !ORETICAL CONCESSIONS1 O!RWISE H>D TO EXPLA91 :I* ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ! #gS & #hS MADE TO ! SET ( IDEAS1 ESS5TIALLY QUITE IRRECONCILABLE ) !IR !ORY1 ?AT UP TO !N HAD BE5 HELD BY ! ,RUSSIAN POPULI/S4 ,! F9AL & MO/ COMPREH5SIVE =M ( ?OSE CONCESSIONS IS CONTA9$ 9 ! WELL-KN[N ORACUL> /ATEM5T ( ! ,=EWORD TO ! ,RUSSIAN TRANSLATION ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O 7#a#h#h#b73 ,! OBJECT ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O WAS TO PROCLAIM AN 9EVITABLY IMP5D+ DISSOLUTION ( PRES5T-DAY B\RGEOIS PROP]TY4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 H[EV]1 WE F9D BY ! SIDE ( ! CAPITALI/ ORD] :I* IS DEVELOP+ ) FEV]I% HA/E & BY ! SIDE ( B\RGEOIS L&$ PROP]TY :I* IS AS YET 9 ! PROCESS ( =MATION1 ! L>G] HALF ( ! L& [N$ BY ! PEASANTS 9 COMMON4 ,?US >ISES ! QUE/ION4 ,CAN ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANT COMMUNITY 9 :I* ! PRIMITIVE COMMON [N]%IP ( ! SOIL SUBSI/S1 AL?\< 9 A /AGE ( ALREADY F> ADVANC$ DIS9TEGRATION1 BE IMM$IATELY TRANS=M$ 9TO A HI<] & COMMUNI/IC =M ( L&$ PROP]TY1 OR MU/ IT PREVI\SLY GO ?R\< ! SAME PROCESS ( DISSOCIATION :I* IS REPRES5T$ 9 ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,WE/8 ,! ONLY POSSIBLE ANSW] TO ?IS QUE/ION AT ! PRES5T TIME IS ! FOLL[+3-,IF ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION BECOMES ! SIGNAL = A WORK]S' REVOLUTION 9 ! ,WE/ SO ?AT ! TWO SUPPLEM5T EA* O!R1 !N ! PRES5T-DAY ,RUSSIAN SY/EM ( COMMON [N]%IP CAN S]VE AS A />T+ PO9T ( A COMMUNI/IC DEVELOPM5T4 ,9 !SE S5T5CES1 & 9 NUM]\S SIMIL> UTT]ANCES OCCURR+ 9 !IR CORRESPOND5CE1 9 ! LETT]S TO ! ,RUSSIAN POPULI/ WRIT] ,NIKOLAI-ON1 9 ! LETT] TO ,V]A ,SASSULIT*1 & 9 ,M>X'S REPLY TO A FATALI/IC 9T]PRETATION ( HIS !ORY ( NECESS>Y HI/ORICAL /AGES BY ! ,RUSSIAN CRITIC1 ,MI*AELOVSKI1 !RE IS ALREADY ANTICIPAT$ 9 A WAY ! :OLE ( ! LAT] DEVELOPM5T ( ,RUSSIAN ,M>XISM & ?US ALSO ! EV] WID5+ GAP BETWE5 ITS IDEOLOGY & ! ACTUAL HI/ORICAL CONT5T ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,M>X & ,5GELS QUALIFI$ !IR ACKN[L$GM5T ( ! 9TR9SIC SOCIALI/ POSSIBILITIES ( EXI/+ PRE-CAPITALI/IC CONDITIONS 9 ,RUSSIA BY ! CAUTI\S PROVISO ?AT IT WAS ONLY TOGE!R ) A WORK]S' REVOLUTION 9 ! ,WE/ ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION MI*AL & FEUDAL CONDITIONS DIRECTLY TO SOCIALI/ CONDITIONS4 7,! SAME PROVISO WAS LAT] REPEAT$ BY ,L5947 ,IT IS ALSO TRUE ?AT ?IS CONDITION WAS NOT FULFILL$ 7NEI!R !N NOR AFT] ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#g7 & ?AT1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! ,RUSSIAN PEASANT COMMUNITY TO :I* ,M>X AS LATE AS #ahhb ATTRIBUT$ SU* A P[]FUL FUTURE ROLE1 WAS %ORTLY AFT]W>DS COMPLETELY WIP$ \T ( EXI/5CE4 ,YET IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT EV5 SU* APP>5TLY ANTI- ,M>XIAN SLOGANS AS ! REC5T ,/AL9I/ 0!ORY0 ( BUILD+ UP SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY1 MISUS+ ,M>XISM AS AN IDEOLOGICAL CLOAK = A DEVELOPM5T :I* 9 ITS ACTUAL T5D5CY IS CAPITALI/IC1 CAN APPEAL NOT ONLY TO ! PREC$5T SET BY ! OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ ,L591 BUT EV5 TO ,M>X & ,5GELS !MSELVES4 ,!Y1 TOO1 HAD BE5 QUITE PREP>$1 UND] C]TA9 HI/ORICAL CONDITIONS1 TO REMOLD !IR CRITICO-MAT]IALI/IC 0,M>XI/0 !ORY 9TO A M]E IDEOLOGICAL ADORNM5T ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T :I* CLAIM$ TO BE SOCIALI/IC 9 ITS ULTIMATE T5D5CY1 BUT :I* 9 ITS ACTUAL PROCESS WAS 9EVITABLY SUBJECT TO ALL SORTS ( B\RGEOIS LIMITATIONS4 ,!RE IS ONLY ?IS DIFF]5CE1 & A REM>KABLE DIFF]5CE 9DE$1 ?AT ,M>X1 ,5GELS & ,L59 DID SO 9 ORD] TO PROMOTE A FUTURE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T :ILE ,/AL9 DEF9ITELY APPLI$ ! 0,M>XI/0 IDEOLOGY = ! DEF5SE ( A NON-SOCIALI/IC /ATUS QUO1 & AS A WEAPON AGA9/ EV]Y T5D5CY ( REVOLUTION>Y REALIZATION4 ,& SO BEGAN - ACTUALLY DUR+ ! LIFE-TIME & ) ! CONSCI\S & ACTIVE COLLABORATION ( ,M>X & ,5GELS-?AT P>TICUL> HI/ORICAL *ANGE ( FUNCTION ?R\< :I* ,M>XISM1 ADOPT$ AS A READY-MADE DOCTR9E BY ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTIONI/S1 WAS 9 ! FUR!R DEVELOPM5T TRANS=M$ FROM A !ORETICAL TOOL ( A PROLET>IAN SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION 9TO A M]E IDEOLOGICAL DISGUISE ( A B\RGEOIS-CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,AS WE HAVE SE51 ?AT *ANGE ( FUNCTION IMPLI$ FROM ! V]Y \TSET A C]TA9 TRANS=MATION ( ! DOCTR9E ITSELF :I* 9 ?IS CASE WAS A*IEV$ ?R\< A MUTUAL 9T]P5ETRATION & FUSION ( ! TRADITIONAL POPULI/ CRE$ & ! NEWLY ADOPT$ ,M>XI/ IDEOLOGICAL ELEM5TS4 ,?\< ?AT TRANS=MATION ( ! ,M>XI/ !ORY WAS AT FIR/ ADMITT$ BY ,M>X & ,5GELS 7AS !Y IMAG9$7 AS A TRANSITORY /EP ONLY1 TO BE RETRAC$ BY ! IMM95T 0WORK]S' REVOLUTION 9 ! ,WE/10 IT SOON TURN$ \T TO HAVE BE5 9 FACT ! FIR/ /EP T[>D ! P]MAN5T TRANS=MATION ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XI/ !ORY 9TO A M]E REVOLUTION>Y MY? :I* C\LD AT ! UTMO/ WORK AS AN 9SPIRATION = ! FIR/ /AGES ( A BEG9N+ REVOLUTION BUT 9 ITS F9AL \TCOME WAS B\ND TO ACT AS A BRAKE UPON ! REAL REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T RA!R ?AN AS ITS FUR!RANCE4 ,IT IS A SPECTACLE WOR? NOT+1 ! WAY ?IS HI/ORICAL PROCESS ( IDEOLOGICAL ADAPTATION ( ! ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E HAS BE5 WORK$ \T DUR+ ! FOLL[+ DECADES BY ! DIFF]5T S*OOLS ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION>IES !MSELVES4 ,IT MAY BE SAFELY SAID ?AT 9 ?OSE VIOL5T DEBATES ON ! P]SPECTIVE ( ! CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T 9 ,RUSSIA :I* W]E WAG$ 9 ! CLOSELY RE/RICT$ CIRCLES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,M>XI/S AT HOME & 9 EMIGRATION FROM ! #i'S TO ! \TBREAK ( ! W> & TO ! OV]?R[ ( ! CZ>I/ GOV]NM5T 9 #a#i#a#g1 & :I* HAVE F\ND !IR MO/ IMPORTANT !ORETICAL EXPRESSION 9 ! PR9CIPAL ECONOMIC WORK ( ,L591 ,! ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA 7#a#h#i#i71 ! TRUE CONT5T ( ! ORIG9AL ,M>XIAN !ORY AS A !ORETICAL =M ( AN 9DEP5D5T PROLET>IAN & /RICTLY SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T WAS1 9 FACT1 NO LONG] REPRES5T$ BY EI!R SIDE1 ,?IS IS C]TA9LY TRUE ) REG>D TO ! SO-CALL$ LEGAL ,M>XI/S :O 9 !IR 0SCI5TIFIC0 EXPOSITION ( ! OBJECTIVE ASPECT ( ! ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E BOA/$ ( A P>TICUL>LY UNADULT]AT$ 0PURITY10 BUT ABUNDANTLY MADE UP = ?AT DOCTR9AL RIXI/ PR9CIPLES :I* MIY ,M>XIAN !ORY REPRES5T$ BY O!R CURR5TS :I* DUR+ ?AT P]IOD S\N$ POPULI/ WRIT] ,NIKOLAI-ON1 ! ,RUSSIAN TRANSLATOR ( ,DAS ,KAPITAL1 :O 9 ! E>LY #i'S1 UND] ! DIRECT 9FLU5CE ( ! ,M>XIAN DOCTR9E1 MADE ! TRANSITION FROM ! OR?ODOX POPULI/ BELIEF 9 ! ABSOLUTE IMPOSSIBILITY ( CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA TO ! ,M>XI/ICALLY REVIS$ POPULI/ !ORY ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( A NORMAL & ORGANIC DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,H]E BELONGS TOO1 ! LU/Y MAT]IALI/IC OPPON5T ( POPULI/ 0IDEALISM10 ! OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ ,L591 & HIS FOLL[]S :O1 9 ! LAT] P]IOD1 AFT] !IR BREAK ) ! ,WE/]N-M9D$ 0,M5%EVIKS0 CLAIM$ TO BE 9 !IR !ORY AS WELL AS 9 !IR PRACTICE ! ONLY TRUE 9H]ITORS ( ! 5TIRE REVOLUTION>Y CONT5TS ( ,M>X'S !ORY AS REVIV$ & RE/ITUT$ 9 ! DOCTR9E ( ,BOL%EVI/ ,M>XISM4 ,:5 FROM \R PRES5T VANTAGE PO9T REA*$ BY HI/ORICAL EXP]I5CE WE LOOK BACK AT ! HEAT$ !ORETICAL DISPUTES ( ?AT E>LI] PHASE !RE SEEMS TO BE A QUITE OBVI\S RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! POPULI/ !ORY ( ! 0IMPOSSIBILITY ( A NORMAL & ORGANIC DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA0 7AS REPRES5T$ BY ! ,M>XIAN ,N>ODNIK ,NIKOLAI-ON & COMBAT$ AT ! TIME BY ! ,M>XI/S ( ALL %ADES1 ! 0LEGAL0 AS WELL AS ! 0REVOLUTION>Y10 ! ,M5%EVIKS & ,BOL%EVIKS7 ON ONE SIDE1 & ! TWO MUTUALLY OPPOS$ !ORIES :I* 9 A REC5T PHASE ( ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,RUSSIAN ,M>XISM FAC$ EA* O!R 9 ! =M ( A RUL+ 0,/AL9ISM0 & AN OPPOSITIONAL 0,TROTSKYISM40 ,P>ADOXICALLY 5\<1 BO? ! PREVAIL+ 0NATIONAL-SOCIALI/0 !ORY ( ,/AL9 AS TO ! POSSIBILITY ( BUILD+ UP SOCIALISM 9 ONE C\NTRY1 & ! APP>5TLY DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ 09T]NATIONALI/0 !SIS1 SET UP BY ,TROTSKY1 ( ! 9EVITABILITY ( A 0P]MAN5T0 REVOLUTION-?AT IS1 ( A REVOLUTION PASS+ BEYOND ! B\RGEOIS REVOLUTION>Y GOALS SIMULTANE\SLY ON ! ,RUSSIAN & ON ! ,EUROPEAN 7OR ! WORLD-WIDE7 SCALE-RE/ ON ! COMMON IDEOLOGICAL BASIS ( A NEO-,N>ODNIK BELIEF 9 ! ABS5CE OR IMPOSSIBILITY ( A 0NORMAL & ORGANIC0 DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,BO? ,TROTSKY & ,/AL9 BASE !IR V]SIONS ( ! ,M>XI/ IDEOLOGY ON ! AU?ORITY ( ,L594 ,9DE$1 EV5 ! MO/ OR?ODOX ( ! OR?ODOX ,M>XI/S :O HAD F\ODNIKISM ( ,NIKOLAI-ON & AGA9/ ! ,P>VUS-,TROTSKYI/ !ORY ( ! 0P]MAN5T REVOLUTION0 BE=E ,OCTOB]1 #a#i#a#g1 & :O1 9 ! SAME WAY1 HAD MO/ CONSI/5TLY OPPOS$ AFT] ,OCTOB] ! !N PREVAIL+ T5D5CY TO GLORIFY ! MEAG] A*IEVEM5TS ( ! LAT] SO-CALL$ W>-COMMUNISM ( #a#i#a#h-#b1 CONCLUD$ ?AT LIFE-LONG FIY REALISM BY UPHOLD+ AT A DECISIVE MOM5T ! NEO-POPULI/ CONCEPT ( A HOME-MADE ,RUSSIAN SOCIALISM AGA9/ ! ACTUALLY PREVAIL+ CONDITIONS4 ,)9 A FEW WEEKS ?OSE :O HAD OPPOS$ ! SOCIALI/IC IDEALIZATION ( ! FIR/ YE>S & :O AT ! FIR/ ANN\NCEM5T ( ! ,N,E,P ( #aiba HAD /ILL QUITE SOB]LY DECL>$ ?IS 0NEW ECONOMIC POLICY ( A WORK]'S & PEASANT'S /ATE0 TO BE A NECESS>Y /EP BACKW>D FROM ! FUR!R-GO+ ATTEMPTS ( W>-COMMUNISM1 DISCOV]$ ! SOCIALI/IC NATURE ( /ATE CAPITALISM & A COOP]ATIVELY T+$ YET ESS5TIALLY B\RGEOIS ECONOMY1 ,?US1 IT WAS NOT ! ,L59I/ EPIGONE ,/AL9 BUT ! OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ ,L59 :O1 AT ?AT HI/ORICAL TURN+-PO9T ( ! REVOLUTION>Y DEVELOPM5T :5 ! HI!RTO UNDECID$ PRACTICAL T5D5CIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION W]E 0S]I\SLY & = A LONG TIME0 DIRECT$ TO ! RE/ORATION ( A NON-SOCIALI/IC ECONOMY1 AT ! SAME TIME ADD$ :AT HE !N DEEM$ TO BE AN 9DISP5SABLE IDEOLOGICAL SUPPLEM5T TO ?AT F9AL RE/RICTION ( ITS PRACTICAL AIMS4 ,IT WAS ! OR?ODOX ,M>XI/ ,L59 :O 9 OPPOSITION TO ALL HIS E>LI] DECL>ATIONS FIR/ SET UP ! NEW ,M>XI/ MY? ( ! 9H]5TLY SOCIALI/ *>ACT] ( ! ,SOVIET /ATE & ( ! !REBY BASICALLY GU>ANTE$ POSSIBILITY ( A COMPLETE REALIZATION ( SOCIALI/ SOCIETY 9 AN ISOLAT$ ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS DEG5]ATION ( ! ,M>XIAN DOCTR9E TO A M]E IDEOLOGICAL JU/IFICATION ( :AT 9 ITS ACTUAL T5D5CY IS A CAPITALI/ /ATE & ?US1 9EVITABLY1 A /ATE BAS$ ON ! SUPPRESSION ( ! PROGRESSIVE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS1 CLOSES ! FIR/ PHASE ( ! HI/ORY ( ! ,M>XI/ IDEOLOGY 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS IS AT ! SAME TIME ! ONLY PHASE DUR+ :I* ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,M>XISM 9 ,RUSSIA SEEMS TO %[ AN 9DEP5D5T *>ACT]4 ,YET IT %\LD BE PO9T$ \T ?AT FROM A MORE COMPREH5SIVE VIEWPO9T1 9 SPITE ( APPE>ANCES & ( MANY REAL DIFF]5CES CAUS$ BY ! SPECIFIC CONDITIONS PREVAIL+ AT DIFF]5T TIMES 9 DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 ! HI/ORICAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,RUSSIAN ,M>XISM 79CLUSIVE ( ITS LA/ ,L59I/ & ,/AL9I/ /AGES7 IS ESS5TIALLY ! SAME AS ?AT ( SO-CALL$ ,WE/]N 7OR ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC7 ,M>XISM ( :I* IT REALLY WAS & /ILL IS AN 9TEGRAT+1 ?\< AT PRES5T \TW>DLY DETA*$1 COMPON5T4 ,JU/ AS ,RUSSIA NEV] WAS ! UNIQUE & HOLY C\NTRY AS DREAM$ BY ! ,PAN-SLAVI/S1 & BOL%EVISM NEV] WAS ?AT CRUDE & BACKW>D =M ( A PSEUDO-,M>XI/ !ORY CORRESPOND+ TO ! PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS ( ! CZ>I/ REGIME AS IT WAS REPRES5T$ BY ! W\LD-BE REF9$ ,M>XI/S ( ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 & ,G]MANY1 SO ! B\RGEOIS DEG5]ATION ( ,M>XISM 9 ,RUSSIA TODAY IS 9 NO WAY ESS5TIALLY DIFF]5T FROM ! \TCOME ( ! S]IES ( IDEOLOGICAL TRANS=MATIONS :I*1 DUR+ ! W> & PO/W> P]IODS &1 EV5 MORE VISIBLY1 AFT] ! ULTIMATE ANNIHILATION ( ALL =M] ,M>XI/ /RONI\S CURR5TS ( SO-CALL$ ,WE/]N ,M>XISM4 ,JU/ AS ! 0NATIONAL SOCIALISM0 ( ,H]R ,HITL] & ! 0CORPORATIVE /ATE0 ( ,MUSSOL9I VIE ) ! 0,M>XISM0 ( ,/AL9 9 AN ATTEMPT TO 9VADE1 BY ! USE ( A PSEUDO-SOCIALI/ IDEOLOGY1 ! V]Y BRA9S & S\LS ( !IR WORK]S AS WELL AS !IR PHYSICAL & SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 SO DOES ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 REGIME ( A PEOPLE'S FRONT GOV]NM5T PRESID$ BY ! 0,M>XI/0 ,LEON ,BLUM OR1 = ?AT MATT]1 BY ,MR4 ,*AUTEMPS HIMSELF1 DIFF] FROM ! PRES5T-DAY ,SOVIET /ATE NOT 9 SUB/ANCE1 BUT ONLY BY A LESS EFFICI5T EXPLOITATION ( ! ,M>XI/ IDEOLOGY4 ,LESS ?AN AT ANY PREVI\S TIME DOES ,M>XISM TODAY S]VE AS A !ORETICAL WEAPON 9 AN 9DEP5D5T /RUGGLE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 = ! PROLET>IAT1 & BY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,ALL SO-CALL$ 0,M>XI/0 P>TIES1 BO? !ORETICALLY & 9 !IR ACTUAL PRACTICE1 APPE> DEEPLY 5GAG$ 9 CONTRIBUT+1 AS M9OR P>TN]S ( ! LEAD+ B\RGEOIS PROTAGONI/S1 !IR MODE/ %>E TO ! SOLUTION ( ! PROBLEM :I* ! ,AM]ICAN 0,M>XI/10 ,L4 ,R4 ,B\D91 QUITE REC5TLY CALL$ 0! GREATE/ PROBLEM 9 ,M>XISM-\R RELATION TO ! 9T]NAL /RUGGLES ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY40 ,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,! ,M>XI/ ,IDEOLOGY 9 ,RUSSIA -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,! ,M>XI/ ,IDEOLOGY 9 ,RUSSIA -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/