,! ,LAW ( ,NUMB]S 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RIC>DO ,MELLA 

,TEXT 3 

,NOTE FROM ! ,TRANSLATOR 

,RIC>DO ,MELLA ,CEA 7#a#h#f#a-#a#i#b#e71 ONE ( ! FIR/ WRIT]S1 9TELLECTUALS & AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S ( ! LATE #a#i? & E>LY #b? C5TURIES 9 ,SPA91 WAS CONSID]$ TO BE ONE ( ! DEEPE/1 MO/ P5ETRAT+ & MO/ LUCID ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/ ?9K]S4 ,9 ?IS WORK HE ADDRESSES ! QUE/ION ( VOT+ & ! NATURE ( P>LIAM5T>Y DEMOCRACY4 

,I -- ,SUP]/ITION & ! FRAUDUL5CE ( VOT+ 

,SP5C] HAS IT ?AT ! GREAT POLITICAL SUP]/ITION ( ! DIV9E RI<T ( K+S HAS BE5 REPLAC$ BY ! GREAT POLITICAL SUP]/ITION ( ! DIV9E RI<T ( P>LIAM5TS4 ,HE GOES ON TO SAY1 0,! ANO9T+ OIL SEEMS TO HAVE SWIT*$ UNDETECT$ FROM ONE HEAD TO MANY1 CONSECRAT+ !M & !IR RI<TS40 

,LET US TAKE A LOOK AT ! GREAT SUP]/ITION :I* DREW SU* ELOQU5T WORDS FROM ! PREMI] POSITIVE PHILOSOPH]4 

,:E!R WE >E TALK+ AB\T MON>*IES OR REPUBLICS1 ! ORIG9 ( P>LIAM5T IS ! WILL ( ! MAJORITY1 9 !ORY AT ANY RATE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! SUPREMACY ( ! GREAT] NUMB] RE/S UPON ITS 9CONTROV]TIBLE RI<T TO GOV]N EV]YONE1 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY4 ,! CLAIM IS -- & ! QU]Y+ ( IT IS SC>CELY TOL]AT$ -- ?AT ! MAJORITY IS MORE F>-SI<T$ ON EV]Y ISSUE ?AN ! M9ORITY & ?AT1 S9CE ALL M5 HAVE MU* 9 COMMON1 IT IS ONLY REASONABLE & NECESS>Y ?AT ! MAJORITY %\LD DET]M9E H[ & 9 :AT MANN] G5]AL PURPOSES >E TO BE S]V$4 

,FROM :I* FL[S A S]IES ( /RICTLY PRECISE CONSEQU5CES4 

,! MAJORITY AMONG ! 9HABITANTS ( A C\NTRY IS 5TITL$ TO REGULATE ! POLITICAL1 RELIGI\S1 ECONOMIC1 >TI/IC & SCI5TIFIC LIFE ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,5JOYS AN ALL-5COMPASS+ RI<T TO DECIDE UPON ALL MATT]S & DEAL ) !M AS ITS KN[L$GE & UND]/&+ SUGGE/4 ,IS 5TITL$ TO AFFIRM & D5Y :ATSOEV] IT PLEASES AT ANY PO9T1 TE>+ D[N ONE DAY'S H&IWORK ! V]Y NEXT DAY4 ,9 POLITICS1 TO LAY D[N ! LAW & RULES FROM :I* NO ONE IS EXEMPT4 ,9 ECONOMICS1 IT DET]M9ES & FA%IONS *ANGES1 GOV]NS PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION & 5ABLES OR RULES \T *EAP LIV+1 DEP5D+ UPON H[ IT FEELS AT ! TIME4 ,9 RELIGION1 IT OV]RULES EV]Y CONSCI5CE & IMPOSES DOGMA ON EV]YONE ON PA9 ( SEV]E PUNI%M5T & BY MEANS ( BURD5SOME TAXATION4 ,9 ! >TS & SCI5CES1 IT EX]CISES A MONOPOLY ON $UCATION & AF=DS ! (FICIAL TRU? PRIVILEG$ /ATUS4 

,IT DET]M9ES & SETS ! RULES ( HYGI5E & MORAL BEHAVIOR TO BE OBS]V$1 :I* SOCIAL ROLES BEHOOVE ! GR\P & :I* ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ! CONDITIONS 9 :I* WORK IS TO BE DONE1 WEAL? ACQUIR$1 ASSETS SEIZ$1 ?+S ALT]$ & P]SONS RELAT$ TO4 ,F9ALLY1 TO CAP IT ALL1 IT REW>DS & PUNI%ES & ACTS AS ACCUS]1 LAWY] & JUDGE1 AN ALMI<TY GOD :OSE REA* EXT5DS EV]Y:]E1 :O >RANGES EV]Y?+ & ABOVE ALL /&S GU>D OV] EV]Y?+1 WAT*FUL & JEAL\S4 

,!RE IS NO EXAGG]ATION 9 !SE D$UCTIONS ONCE IT HAS BE5 ACCEPT$ ?AT ! LAW ( NUMB]S IS ! SUPREME LAW4 

,BUT1 S9CE MAJORITIES CANNOT ACCOMPLI% SO MANY ?+S UNAID$1 S9CE !Y CANNOT POSSIBLY H&LE SU* A V>IETY ( ISSUES ON A DAILY BASIS1 ( NECESSITY LAW & P>LIAM5T>Y DELEGATION POP UP TO COMPLEM5T IT4 ,& 9DE$1 ON ! BASIS ( MAJORITY1 DELEGATES OR REPRES5TATIVES >E ALSO *OS5 :O1 CON/ITUT$ AS A BODY1 ASSUME ALL ( ! P[]S ( ?OSE :OM !Y REPRES5T1 OR RA!R ( ! 5TIRE NATION1 & ?IS IS H[ ! OMNIPOT5T P[]S & DIV9E RI<T ( P>LIAM5TS COME 9TO BE+4 

,& LO & BEHOLD1 9SIDE !SE *AMB]S OR GA!R+S ( ! ELECT1 ! RADICAL LAW ( NUMB]S IS APPLI$ &1 ON A BASIS ( MAJORITY1 LAWS >E DECRE$ = ! PURPOSE ( SAGE GOV]NANCE ( PUBLIC & PRIVATE 9T]E/S1 SU* IS ! OMNISCI5CE ( ! LAW-MAK]S4 ,?US DO A H&FUL ( AV]AGELY $UCAT$ CITIZ5S1 MO/ (T5 COMMON]S1 ATTA9 TO ! GRACE ( SUPREME WISDOM4 ,HYGI5E1 M$IC9E1 JURISPRUD5CE1 SOCIOLOGY1 MA!MATICS1 !Y KN[ IT ALL BECAUSE ! HOLY SPIRIT ( MAJORITIES HOV]S CON/ANTLY OV] !IR HEADS4 ,?AT1 9 ALL ITS />KNESS1 IS ! !ORY4 

,QU]Y+ ( IT IS REG>D$ AS RA%1 D5IAL ( IT MADNESS4 

,9SULT IS ! >GUM5T ( ! IDIOT4 

,BUT WISDOM IS ! 5CAPSULATION ( TRU?4 0,! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE0 - SAYS ! POSITIVI/ - 0APPO9TS ITS REPRES5TATIVES & CREATES ! GOV]NM5T4 ,! GOV]NM5T1 9 TURN1 CONJURES UP RI<TS & CONF]S !SE SEP>ATELY UPON EA* MEMB] ( ! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE1 FROM :I* IT ITSELF EMANATES4 ,:AT A WOND]FUL FEAT ( POLITICAL MUMBO-JUMBO60 

,BUT ! MUMBO-JUMBO DOES NOT /OP !RE4 ,IT REA*ES 9TO ! V]Y DEEPE/ RECESSES ( POLITICAL SY/EMS BECAUSE1 ONCE ! LAW ( MAJORITIES HAS BE5 AFFIRM$1 IT TURNS1 AS WE %ALL V]Y SOON SEE1 9TO A TREM5D\S FICTION ?AT ALL[S A FEW TO 5SCONCE !MSELVES 9 ! CRADLE ( P[] & DICTATE & IMPOSE !IR MI<TY WILL UPON AN 5TIRE PEOPLE4 

,SO1 BE=E WE CRITIQUE ! LAW1 LET US TRY TO DELVE DEEP] 9TO ?IS POLITICAL MY/]Y & EXPOSE TO ! READ]'S GAZE ! REALITY ?AT IT 5CAPSULATES4 

,I,I -- ,FICTIONAL MAJORITIES & ! FALLACIES ( P>LIAM5T>Y VOTES 

,>E CON/ITUTIONAL C\NTRIES REALLY GOV]N$ BY MAJORITY DECISIONS8 ,DOES ! WILL ( ! MAJORITY PREVAIL 9 EV]Y?+ OR 9 ANY?+8 ,LET US SEE4 ,! GOV]NM5T ( A NATION - ,SPA91 SAY - CONV5ES G5]AL ELECTIONS EV]Y SO (T54 ,! P>TIES GIRD !IR LO9S = ! COM+ CONTE/ & ! DAY ( CONT5TION F9ALLY >RIVES4 ,9 EV]Y DI/RICT AT LEA/ TWO C&IDATES WILL (F] !MSELVES4 ,?IS IS MO/ COMMONLY ! CASE4 ,EV5 SO1 9 SOME ( !M EV5 MORE /& & !RE WILL BE PL5TY :]E !RE WILL BE BUT ONE C&IDATE4 

,LET US /ICK TO ! G5]ALITY & ASSUME ! MO/ P]FECT IMP>TIALITY 9 ELECTION CONTE/S 7:I* W\LD BE A REAL TURN-UP = ! BOOKS74 ,LET'S DO A FEW SUMS4 ,)\T QUOT+ EXAMPLES & AMASS+ FIGURES ?AT ANYONE C\LD F9D = HIMSELF )\T MU* EF=T1 ALL[ US TO /ATE ?AT1 BROADLY SPEAK+1 SOME #c.0 TO #e.0 ( ELECTORS 767 AB/A9 FROM CA/+ !IR VOTES6 ,REGRETTABLY1 WE DO NOT HAVE ! FIGURES = ,SPA94 ,BUT 9 ,FRANCE & DUR+ AN EXTRAORD9>ILY TURBUL5T TIME1 :I* IS TO SAY 9 #a#h#h#f1 SEV5 \T ( T5 MILLION VOT]S VOT$1 OR1 TO PUT ?AT ANO!R WAY1 NE>LY A ?IRD ( VOT] NUMB]S AB/A9$2 & ! AU?OR FROM :OM WE HAVE BORR[$ !SE FIGURES NOTES ?AT ! NUMB]S AB/A9+ W]E REA*+ AL>M+ PROPORTIONS4 ,SO IF1 9 ABNORMAL CIRCUM/ANCES & 9 A L& :]E POLITICAL /RIFE IS LIVELI] ?AN 9 ,SPA91 SOME #c#h.0 ( VOT]S AB/A9$1 WE CAN SC>CELY BE ACCUS$ ( EXAGG]AT+ IF WE CR$IT \R [N C\NTRY ) #d.0 AB/5TION1 :I* IS TO SAY1 ! M$IAN ( ! TWO FIGURES QUOT$ ABOVE4 ,& H[ DOES ! REMA9+ #f.0 BREAK D[N8 ,ORD9>ILY1 ! DEFEAT$ C&IDATE IS )9 RANGE ( ! W9N+ C&IDATE :O IS VIRTUALLY ALWAYS ! (FICIAL C&IDATE4 ,9 V]Y R>E CASES1 ! W9N] TAKES TWICE ! VOTE ( ! LOS]4 ,SO IT WILL NOT BE GO+ \T ON A LIMB IF WE CR$IT ! DEFEAT$ C&IDATE ) #b.0 ( ! VOT]S4 ,TO RECAP3 #d \T ( EV]Y #a VOT]S AB/A9S1 #b VOTE = ! LOS+ C&IDATE1 MAK+ #f.0 & ! REMA9+ #d.0 MAKE UP ! MAJORITY :I* ! SUCCESSFUL C&IDATE WILL BE REPRES5T+ 9 P>LIAM5T4 ,?AT1 ?\<1 IS A RA!R ROSY VIEW ( ?+S AS !Y AFFECT ?OSE ELECT$4 ,BUT EV5 IF ?IS W]E NOT ! CASE1 EV5 IF ! DEFEAT$ C&IDATE TOOK ONLY #a.0 ( ! VOTES1 EV5 IF WE W]E TO /ACK UP ALL ! FAVORABLE EVID5CE SO AS TO CALCULATE 9 A WAY FLATT]+ TO ! W9N]1 HE W\LD /ILL TURN \T TO BE REPRES5TATIVE ( A M9ORITY4 ,NOTE1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT 9 EV]Y?+ SAID !RE HAS BE5 NO M5TION MADE ( WOM5 :O ACC\NT = R\<LY HALF ! NATION & HAVE1 AS MAN DOES1 RI<TS & 9T]E/S 9 NE$ ( DEF5D+4 ,& WE MI<T EV5 ADD ?AT ALSO LEFT \T ( ! RECKON+ >E UND]-AGE *ILDR5 :O1 AS ,T>DE HAS PO9T$ \T1 5JOY FULL CIVIL RI<TS ?R\< A PROXY 7FA!R OR TUTOR7 & :O1 SIMIL>LY1 %\LD ALSO HAVE ! RI<T TO VOTE 9 ELECTIONS4 ,9 :I* CASE ! UP%OT W\LD BE ?AT1 ) ?REE F\R?S ( ! POPULATION 7,FRANCE #ahhe & #a#h#h#f7 NOT 5TITL$ TO VOTE1 NO C&IDATE C\LD SPEAK = A MAJORITY ( ! 9DIVIDUALS 9 HIS CON/ITU5CY4 

,H[EV]1 LET US PASS OV] !SE CALCULATIONS &1 ADOPT+ ANO!R TACK1 SEE H[ REPRES5TATIVE ! ELECT$ C&IDATE ACTUALLY IS4 ,NO MATT] H[ IMP>TIAL A GOV]NM5T MAY BE1 NO MATT] H[ MU* IT SEEKS TO ACT )9 ! LAW & SUPPOS+ ?AT IT HAS ! MO/ >D5T DESIRE = JU/ICE1 IT CANNOT HELP TILT+ ! ELECTORAL SCALES ?R\< ITS 9FLU5CE1 EV5 9VOLUNT>ILY4 ,WE HAVE \T-&-\T LOBBY+1 BRAZ5 VIOL5CE & IMMORAL TRICK]Y4 ,IT IS ONLY NATURAL ?AT SU* 9FLU5CE WILL EXI/1 IMP]SONAL & ?\<TLESS 9FLU5CE IF Y\ LIKE1 BUT ALL ! MORE EFFECTIVE & EFFICACI\S = ?AT4 ,PUBLIC S]VANTS WILL VOTE1 )\T ANYONE'S ORD]+ !M TO1 !Y WILL VOTE WILLY-NILLY = ! (FICIAL C&IDATE4 ,! FRI5DS & DEBTORS ( ?AT C&IDATE WILL LIKEWISE BE CAU<T UP 9 BR++ 9FLU5CE TO BE> ON ?OSE ) :OM !Y HAVE ANY SORT ( A SOCIAL RELATION%IP1 ALBEIT A MORAL 9FLU5CE EXPRESS$ ?R\< !IR SPOK5 WORDS & ADVICE4 ,! C\RT1 *UR*1 MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES & SO ON1 ALBEIT REMA9+ 5TIRELY PASSIVE1 WILL BE SE5 AS RECOMM5DATIONS ON ! BASIS ( :I* MANY CA/ !IR VOTE = ! GOV]NM5T OR ! POLITICAL BOSS1 )\T A ?\<T = !IR [N IDEAS4 ,! FACT IS ?AT ! DEBTORS1 FRI5DS & RELATIVES ( ! OPPOSITION C&IDATE WILL DO ! SAME3 BUT !IR 9FLU5CE & P[] WILL NOT MAT* ! P[] & 9FLU5CE ( GOV]NM5T P]SONNEL4 

,IS !RE ANY?+ TO BE QU]I$ 9 :AT WE HAVE SAID8 ,!N LET'S NOT GET 9TO ACC\NTS2 >I?METIC WILL MORE ?AN SUFFICE4 ,! ELECT$ 9DIVIDUAL WILL ACTUALLY REPRES5T A SL5D] M9ORITY ?AT EMBRACES )\T A QUIBBLE :ATEV] REPRES5TATIVE IS NOM9AT$ BY ! P>TY OR ACTUAL GOV]NM5T AU?ORITIES4 

,& :AT >E WE TO SAY :]E !RE >E MORE ?AN TWO C&IDATES8 ,CAN ! P]SON ELECT$ EV] REPRES5T ! MAJORITY ( ELECTORS8 ,IT WILL ALWAYS BE ! CASE ?AT ! VOTES ( ! DEFEAT$ PLUS ! AB/A9]S WILL ADD UP TO A FIGURE HI<] ?AN ?AT SCOR$ BY ! W9N+ C&IDATE4 

,WE WILL BE TOLD ?AT 9 MANY 9/ANCES !RE IS NO ELECTION CONTE/ BECAUSE !RE IS ONLY ONE C&IDATE4 ,F9E4 ,:5 !RE IS ONLY ONE C&IDATE /&+ 9 A DI/RICT OR LOCALITY ?AT IS DUE EI!R TO 9DIFF]5CE ON ! P>T ( ! VOT+ PUBLIC OR TO ! C]TA9TY ?AT NO?+ CAN BE DONE 9 DEFIANCE ( ! GOV]NM5T'S 9FLU5CE4 ,9 :I* CASE1 AB/5TION IS ALMO/ UNIV]SAL4 ,EV]YBODY KN[S IT & ADMITS IT IS SO1 AL?\< ,L,E,G,A,L,L,Y !RE IS /ILL ! APPE>ANCE ( A L>GE TURN-\T4 ,ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 ! P]SON ELECT$ REPRES5TS1 AT BE/1 ! GOV]NM5T & ITS (FICIAL BOSSES & ?US IS NOT REALLY REPRES5TATIVE ( ANY VOT]4 

,9 MO/ RURAL >EAS1 ?AT BE+ :]E S+LE C&IDATES >E MORE (T5 TO BE F\ND1 POLL+ /ATIONS DO NOT EV5 OP5 UP4 ,! MO/ 9FLU5TIAL 9DIVIDUALS1 OR ! MEMB]S ( ! T[N C\NCIL1 :O >E NE>LY ALWAYS ! SAME PEOPLE1 GET TOGE!R SOME DAY & IT IS !Y ?AT FREELY DECIDE UPON ! >EA'S P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVE4 ,ALL VOTES SAVE ONE 7! ONE MA/]-VOTE1 AS IT IS CALL$7 GO TO ! PREVI\SLY SELECT$ C&IDATE4 ,A RECORD IS MADE & DULY /AMP$ & ! ELECTION IS DONE4 ,SOMETIMES ! LOCAL BOSS IS S5T BLANK M9UTES4 ,WE HAVE WITNESS$ ?IS 9 ,GALICIA1 9 ,CA/ILE & 9 ,&ALUSIA & WILL NOT GO F> WRONG IF WE ASS]T ?AT1 9 ONE %APE OR ANO!R1 IT GOES ON ALL OV] ,SPA94 

,! REPRES5TATIVES *OS5 BY ?IS CURI\S ME?OD >E1 9 MO/ CASES1 UNFAMILI> ) !IR DI/RICTS1 NOR DO !IR DI/RICTS KN[ !M & SO1 BETWE5 ONE & ! O!R !RE CAN BE NO EMPA?Y ) NE$S NOR1 ON ! P>T ( ?OSE ELECT$1 ANY DESIRE TO LOOK \T = 9T]E/S ( :I* !Y >E IGNORANT4 ,! VOT] REMA9S 9DIFF]5T 9 ! FACE ( ALL ?IS AS IF KN[+ 9 ADVANCE ?AT HE NE$ P9 NO HOPES ON ! LEGISLATOR & ?AT ! :OLE ?+ IS A ?REE C>D TRICK4 

,SO H[ REPRES5TATIVE C\LD A BODY ?US COMPOS$ CLAIM TO BE8 ,REPRES5TATIVE ( A MICROSCOPIC M9ORITY1 AT MO/4 

,LET US IMAG9E1 H[EV]1 ?AT \R ANALYSIS IS MI/AK5 & AGREE ?AT EV]Y ONE ( ! NATION'S REPRES5TATIVES 5JOYS ?AT /ATUS ?ANKS TO ! FREELY MANIFE/$ WILL ( A MAJORITY4 ,EV5 !N EA* REPRES5TATIVE IS GO+ TO F9D HIMSELF FREQU5TLY TORN BETWE5 ! WID] 9T]E/S :I* ! LAW COMM&S HIM TO LOOK \T = & ! PRIVATE 9T]E/S ?AT HIS VOT]S 9SI/ HE S]VE4 ,IT MAY BE >GU$ ?AT1 COLLECTIVELY1 ! DEPUTIES PRODUCE A H>MONI\S \TCOME ?AT SATISFIES BO? ! NATION'S COMMON 9T]E/ & ! SECTIONAL 9T]E/S 9 EA* LOCALITY4 ,BUT EV5 GRANT+ SU* A METAPHYSICAL RECONCILIATION ( 9T]E/S1 DO REPRES5TATIVES ALWAYS SEE EYE TO EYE ON :AT IS GOOD = ! NATION8 ,TO PUT ?AT ANO!R WAY1 DO !Y EV]8 ,& IF !Y DO1 DO !Y REALLY CAT] = ! 9T]E/S & REQUIREM5TS ( ?OSE :OM !Y REPRES5T8 

,TAKE1 SAY1 BOO/+ :EAT IMPORTATION DUTY4 ,! DEPUTIES FROM ,CA/ILE WILL BE ALL = AN 9CREASE4 ,BUT ! DEPUTIES FROM ,GALICIA1 ,VAL5CIA1 ,>AGON1 ETC41 WILL >GUE = :EAT'S BE+ ABLE TO 5T] ,SPA9 FREELY4 ,IF IT COMES TO TEXTILES1 ,CATALONIA WILL TAKE AN OPPOSITE /ANCE TO MU* ( ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,9 ! CASE ( W9E1 ,&ALUSIA & ,CA/ILE = 9/ANCE WILL NOT SEE EYE TO EYE ) ,GALICIA & ,A/URIAS4 ,:AT WILL HAPP58 ,! DEPUTIES1 PRIM>ILY M9DFUL ( ! GOV]NM5T'S 9/RUCTIONS1 RA!R ?AN ! NATION'S WILL1 :I* 9 ANY CASE CANNOT BE FRAM$ AS A S+LE EXPRESSION1 WILL RESORT TO :EEL+ & DEAL+ & ACCOMMODATIONS \T ( :I* WILL EM]GE SOME CONTRADICTORY OR 9SIPID LAW1 A LAW ?AT WILL SATISFY NO PUBLIC OR PRIVATE 9T]E/1 A LAW ?AT WILL LEAVE EV]YBODY UNHAPPY & TRIGG] /ORMS ( PROTE/2 A LAW1 9 %ORT1 ?AT WILL SUIT NO 9T]E/S BUT ! GOV]NM5T'S 9T]E/S1 A HOT*POT* /UPIDLY CONTRIV$ = ! LAW-MAK]'S [N B5EFIT4 

,COLLECTIVELY1 P>LIAM5TS REPRES5T !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES4 ,A MOTLEY CREW ( M5 /AKES A CLAIM TO BE REPRES5TATIVE ( AN 5TIRE NATION4 ,ITS MISSION IS TO WORK 9 CON=MITY ) ! G5]AL 9T]E/ RA!R ?AN ?OSE ( EA* GR\P ( VOT]S4 ,SO ! !ORY GOES1 AT ANY RATE4 ,BUT H[ >E !SE REPRES5TATIVES SUPPOS$ TO KN[ ! BROAD] 9T]E/S & NE$S :5 !Y CANNOT EV5 REGI/] ! MO/ %ORT-T]M NE$S & 9T]E/S ( ! GR\PS ?AT ELECT$ !M8 ,9 PRACTICE1 ?+S OP]ATE DIFF]5TLY4 ,! C\NTRY'S REPRES5TATIVES \T ( %E] CONV5I5CE SEEK TO ACCOMMODATE !MSELVES TO ! SUPPOS$ NE$S ( ! COM>CA TO :I* !Y BELONG2 BUT AS IT TURNS \T1 EV5 ?\< ,CA/ILIAN DEPUTIES VOTE = :AT ,CA/ILE WANTS1 SAY1 !Y WILL ALWAYS BE \TVOT$ BY ! REMA9D] ( !IR P>LIAM5T>Y COLLEAGUES & SO ! ,CA/ILIANS >E GO+ TO HAVE TO PUT UP ) :ATEV] ! O!R COM>CAS ?RU/ UPON !M4 ,& ?IS WILL BE ! G5]AL RULE1 UNLESS1 JU/ ONCE 9 HI/ORY1 IT SO HAPP5S ?AT SIXTE5 OR TW5TY MILLION M5 AGREE UPON ! ADOPTION ( SOME LAW1 SOME REGULATION4 ,H5CE !RE IS NO LAW ?AT G5U9ELY CAT]S = ! G5]AL 9T]E/ & NE$S1 BUT !RE IS A C]TA9 METAPHYSICAL1 VAGUE & 9DET]M9ATE 5TITY1 A %AD[2 BUT IT IS A %AD[ )\T SUB/ANCE :I* IS :AT ! GOV]NM5T LAW-MAK+ FICTION ADDS UP TO4 

,?AT ASIDE1 WE CAN READILY UND]/& ?AT1 BECAUSE ( ?IS V]Y PROC$URE1 NO LAW CAN ACCOMPLI% ! BROAD PURPOSES ATTRIBUT$ TO IT4 ,S9CE ! MEMB]S ( P>LIAM5T W]E *OS5 AT ! BALLOT BOX1 EV5 IF EV]Y S+LE ONE ( !M HAD A G5U9E MAJORITY ( ! VOTES1 LOTS ( GR\PS ( CITIZ5S >E /ILL B]EFT ( REPRES5TATION & ?US )HOLD !IR CONS5T FROM ! LAWS FRAM$4 ,& S9CE !SE LAWS NEV] COMM& ! UNANIM\S SUPPORT ( ! LEGISLATURE1 ! UP%OT IS ?AT EV]Y LAW HAS TO BE D5I$ ! CONS5T ( ?OSE VOT]S DEFEAT$ AT ! POLLS1 ! CONS5T ( ?OSE REPRES5T$ BY DEPUTIES :O TAKE ISSUE ) ! MAJORITY &1 LA/LY1 ! CONS5T ( ! VOT]S :O AB/A9$2 :I*1 TO CUT A LONG /ORY %ORT1 MEANS ?AT IT IS D5I$ ! SUPPORT ( ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! C\NTRY4 

,WE WILL /ILL HAVE TO DEAL ) ! >GUM5TS ( ! F$]ALI/S4 ,!Y WILL TELL US ?AT EV]Y?+ WE HAVE SAID IS /RICTLY SPEAK+ TRUE1 BUT ?AT IT HAPP5S BECAUSE ( ! C5TRALIZ+ >RANGEM5T BY :I* \R POLITICAL ORGANIZATION IS 9=M$4 ,LET US UND]/& ONE ANO!R4 ,:AT WE HAVE SAID REG>D+ NATIONAL P>LIAM5TS W\LD BE EQUALLY TRUE ( COM>CAL P>LIAM5TS OR ( MUNICIPALITIES4 ,F$]ATION REPLICATES ! PROBLEM RA!R ?AN SOLV+ IT4 ,:AT APPLIES TODAY TO A L>GE NATION W\LD BE APPLICABLE TOMORR[ TO A S]IES ( F$]ALLY CON/ITUT$ M9I-NATIONS4 ,AUTONOMY SIMPLY POSES ! QUE/ION 9 A SMALL] SETT+4 ,BESIDES1 EV5 )9 A F$]ATION1 A NUMB] ( ISSUES REMA9 ! PRES]VE ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITY2 SO ?AT !RE W\LD BE 9/ANCES 9 :I* \R CRITIQUE W\LD BE P]FECTLY APPLICABLE TO NATIONAL ASSEMBLIES & O!RS 9 :I* IT MI<T EQUALLY APPLY TO CANTONAL *AMB]S & MUNICIPALITIES4 

,BECAUSE ! PROBLEM DOES NOT D]IVE FROM ! MORE OR LESS C5TRALI/IC M9D-SET ( A BODY BUT FROM ! LAW-MAK+ & NUM]ICAL TYRANNY :I* IS EQUALLY EMBRAC+ ( F$]ALISM AS A PR9CIPLE ( POLITICAL ACTION AS IT IS ( S+UL>ITY4 

,9 FACT1 !RE=E1 :ATEV] ! POLITICAL >RANGEM5T TURNS \T TO BE1 ! \TCOME IS ALWAYS ?AT A M9ORITY GOV]NS IT4 

,EV5 DISC\NT+ ! GROSS IMMORALITY ( ! VOT+ BODY1 ! EXCESSES ( ! POLITICAL BOSS SY/EM 7CACIQUISMO7 & ! V]Y P[]FUL GOV]NM5TAL 9FLU5CE1 :I* >E NOT1 DESPITE :AT HAS BE5 SAID1 AN AFFLICTION CONF9$ SOLELY TO ,SPA9 BUT :I* P]MEATE ALL CON/ITUTIONAL NATIONS FROM TOP TO BOTTOM1 ! LAW ( MAJORITIES IS A R$\BTABLE FIGM5T ?AT ALL[S BRAZ5LY ORGANIZ$ /OCK-JOBB+ BY ?OSE :O HAVE MADE POLITICS A LUCRATIVE TRADE &1 UND] ITS EGIS1 BOO/ !IR WEAL? BY MEANS BAS] ?AN ?OSE EMPLOY$ 9 ! ,SI]RA ,MOR5A OR 9 ! HILLS >\ND ,TOL$O BY ! CLASSICAL B&IT FROM ! CLASSIC L& ( ,DON ,QUIJOTE & ,SAN*O ,PANZA4 

,& >GU+ ?AT WID5+ ( ! SUFFRAGE & VICTORY = DEMOCRACY WILL MAKE ! LAW ( NUMB]S COME TRUE WILL NOT DO1 BECAUSE1 AP>T FROM ! EXAMPLE WE >E SET BY REPUBLICAN C\NTRIES1 WE NE$ TO REMEMB] ! REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD 9 ,SPA91 ) ITS DEPUTIES IMPOS$ FROM BEL[ AT ! 5D ( A ROPE1 IF NOT AT ! PO9T ( A GUN2 WE NE$ TO REMEMB] ?AT1 ?\< GOV]NM5T CLI5TELISM MAY BE A ?+ ( ! PA/1 LOCAL & P>TY & COMMITTEE CLI5TELISM >E /ILL ) US2 WE NE$ TO REMEMB] ?AT ?R\<\T ?AT P]IOD ALL :O BECAME IRKSOME ON ACC\NT ( !IR IMPATI5CE1 OR BECAUSE !Y W]E ,9T]NATIONALI/S OR BECAUSE ( A ?\S& O!R PETTY CONSID]ATIONS1 W]E H>RI$1 ?RA%$1 JAIL$ & DEPORT$ & ?AT SU* P]SECUTION WAS DESIGN$ SIMPLY TO 5SURE A SEMBLANCE ( MAJORITY1 :I* PROP WAS NE$$ 9 ORD] TO CL+ TO P[] 7#a#h#g#c74 ,& 9 ! F9AL ANALYSIS1 9 ! FACE ( 9SI/5CE ?AT ! MO/ P]FECT DEMOCRATIC EQUITY W\LD BR+ \R CRITIQUE TUMBL+ D[N1 LET US ASK FUR!R3 ,& H[ >E WE TO 5SURE EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS & ?US ! VOT+ FRE$OM ( ! PEASANT :O RELIES UPON ! WAGE PAID HIM BY ! MA/]1 ! LOAN MADE TO HIM BY ! MONEY-L5D] & ! H5*MAN ?AT ?REAT5S HIM8 ,H[ CAN WE BE SURE ?AT ! PRIE/ WILL NOT CRAMP HIS P]SONAL LIB]TY BY MEANS ( ANA!MAS & EXCOMMUNICATION8 ,& ?AT ! SLAVE 9 HIS WORK%OP CAN VOTE 9 DEFIANCE ( HIS MA/] & ?AT ! MANUFACTUR] CANNOT G>N] A FEW HUNDR$ VOTES SIMPLY BY MAK+ ?REATS1 VEIL$ OR O!RWISE1 TO D5Y HIS SLAVES ! FOLL[+ DAY'S BREAD8 ,H[ CAN WE 5SURE ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( SOCIETY :I* LIVES 9 HUMILIAT+ DEP5D5CY UPON ! MONEY$ M9ORITY CAN VOTE FREELY8 

,! WORK] & ! PEASANT >E WELL AW>E ?AT !Y DO NOT HAVE FREE DISPOSAL ( !IR [N VOTE & ?AT IT BELONGS TO ! BOSS1 EV5 ?\< ! LATT] MAY NOT ASK = IT4 ,9 ?\S&S ( CASES1 ALL IT TAKES IS FE> ( LOS+ ONE'S WAGE = ! WORK] & PEASANT WILL+LY TO ABDICATE ALL !IR 9DIVIDUAL RI<TS4 ,! PUBLIC S]VANT & ! /AFF ( PRIVATE FIRMS ?9K ! SAME & EF=TLESSLY VOLUNTE] 9 ADVANCE = SLAV]Y & ! SURR5D] ( !IR WILLS4 ,! 9DU/RIALI/ & SMALL TRAD] CANNOT =GET !IR COMMITM5TS TO ! BIG CAPITALI/ :O HOLDS 9VOICES & ORD] =MS :I* >E V]Y (T5 PAID LATE & POORLY4 ,& SO ! FRE$OM ( :I* !Y ONCE DREAM$ SLIPS FROM !IR F+]S4 ,& NO MON>*Y & NO REPUBLIC CAN PREV5T ?AT4 

,IT IS PO9TLESS1 UTT]LY PO9TLESS1 TO TAKE ?IS MATT] TO ITS LOGICAL EXTREME4 ,P>T & P>CEL ( ! LAW ( MAJORITIES IS ! DESPOTIC RULE ( ! LESS] NUMB]1 ?OSE :O 5JOY ! PRIVILEGES ( A LORD%IP :I* IS AW>D$ NOT ON ! BASIS ( SOME WILL+ DEF]5CE TO TAL5T OR VIRTUE BUT IS F\ND$ UPON ALL MANN] ( TRICK]Y & 9IQUITY4 

,SUP]/ITION WILL C>RY 5\< WEI<T TO 5SURE ?AT M]ELY TO QUE/ION ! VIRTUE & WISDOM ( MAJORITIES & ! VALUE ( !IR DECISION-MAK+ IS /ILL VIEW$ AS LUNACY2 BUT EXP]I5CE & CONSID]ATION %[ ! LAW ( MAJORITIES TO BE FALSE & ?AT1 9ESCAPABLY1 IT TURNS 9TO ! UNRE/RA9$ DESPOTISM ( ! FEW4 

,I,I,I -- ,REASON NOT ! PRES]VE ( MAJORITIES1 BUT 9TELLIG5CE BUILT ?R\< ! EX]CISE ( FRE$OM4 ,! LAW-MAK+ FUNCTION IS NEGATIVE & C5TRALI/IC2 FREE CONS5T BOO/S AUTONOMY & VITALITY4 ,! AFFLICTION LIES 9 LAW P] SE & NO AM\NT ( T9K]+ CAN ALT] IT4 

,IF SCRUT9Y ( ! FACTS CAN %[ ! FALS5ESS ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S1 ALL REASON$ CRITICISM ( ! PR9CIPLES UPON :I* IT IS BAS$ W\LD SEEM TO BE R$UNDANT4 ,BUT GIV5 ! GRIP ( ! PREOCCUPATION ?AT WILL MAKE LOTS ( DISBELIEV]S IMPATI5T DESPITE \R D$UCTIVE REASON+1 ! TASK WE >E AB\T TO EMB>K UPON WILL NOT BE CONSID]$ PO9TLESS4 

,! UN:OLESOM5ESS ( ! V]Y PR9CIPLE C\LD BE ASCRIB$ TO AWKW>D REALITY &1 DESPITE EV]Y EXP]I5CE TO ! CONTR>Y1 IT MI<T BE ASS]T$ ?AT !RE IS A FEASIBILITY TO BE+ GOV]N$ BY MAJORITY DECISION-MAK+4 ,9 :I* CASE IT FALLS TO US TO DEMON/RATE ! FALS5ESS ( ?AT SO-CALL$ 'LAW' 9 EV]Y REG>D1 EV5 AT ! RISK ( REPEAT+ \RSELVES4 

,P]SUAD$ ( ! RADICAL ANTAGONISM BETWE5 ! FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! OV]P[]+ PREPOND]ANCE ( ! MASS1 WE REPUDIATE ALL E/ABLI%$ AU?ORITY1 :E!R D]IV$ FROM =CE OR FROM /R5G? ( NUMB]S4 ,IF ! 9DIVIDUAL & ! GR\P >E TO COEXI/ )\T DE/ROY+ EA* O!R1 EV]Y =M ( IMPOSITION UPON ONE BY ! O!R HAS TO BE ]ADICAT$4 ,AS = ?OSE ( US :O BASE \R IDEALS UPON UNB\ND$ FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 ,A,U,T,O-,>,*,Y IS ! M&ATORY MODE ( SOCIAL CO-EXI/5CE4 ,! GOOD ( ONE IS EV]Y BIT AS RESPECTABLE AS ! GOOD ( ALL & SO FRE$OM CAN BE R5D]$ EFFECTIVE ONLY IF !SE 9T]E/S MAT*4 ,:I* IS :Y WE >E LIB]T>IANS & :Y WE >E SOCIALI/S2 BECAUSE1 AS WE SEE IT1 ! ROOT ( ANY CLA% BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS OR BETWE5 COLLECTIVES OR BETWE5 BO? IS ! =M ASSUM$ BY :AT ! 9DIVIDUAL CLAIMS AS HIS [N1 FROM :I* \R D$UCTION IS ?AT SOCIAL H>MONY HAS TO BE BR\<T AB\T BY MEANS ( COMMON [N]%IP ( WEAL? & COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ACTION = 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS ALIKE4 

,& S9CE FRE$OM ?US CON/RU$ RULES \T ANY NOTION ( SUBORD9ATION TO MAJORITIES1 WE %ALL PROVE ?AT ! LAW ( NUMB]S IS 9H]5TLY FALSE & ?AT SOCIETY CAN ORD] ITS AFFAIRS )\T RESORT+ TO VOT+ PROC$URES4 

,IT MAY BE >GU$ BY SUPPORT]S ( ?AT SUPPOS$ LAW ?AT MAJORITIES1 OR RA!R1 SUPPOS$ MAJORITIES1 >E NOT LIMIT$ 9 !IR RI<TS & PRACTICE C]TA9LY CONFIRMS ?AT CLAIM4 

,H[EV]1 LAWS >E H>DLY EV] OBS]V$2 MO/ PEOPLE SKIRT >\ND !M2 ! MORE \TSPOK5 REPUDIATE !M4 ,:AT IS BEH9D ?IS8 ,! ACTUAL IMPOSSIBILITY ( DEVIS+ A S+LE LAW OR BATT]Y ( LAWS ?AT CAN 5COMPASS AN IMMEASURABLE RANGE ( 9T]E/S1 USAGES & CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL & EV]Y COLLECTIVE T5DS TO BE DIFF]5T & COMES 9TO BE+ 9 A DIFF]5T MANN]1 :]EAS LAW TRIES TO TREAT !M AS UNI=M & =CE !M TO OP]ATE & BEHAVE 9 ! SAME MANN]4 ,%>$ 9T]E/S CANNOT BE DANC$ TO A S+LE TUNE BECAUSE ! COMMUNITY IS NEV] SO N>R[ AS NOT TO HAVE ROOM = FRAGM5TATION & REPLICATION1 DIV]G5CE & OPPOSITION4 ,= !RE TO BE EFFECTIVE MAT*+ ( 9T]E/S1 FELL[%IP HAS TO VOLUNT>ILY & SPONTANE\SLY WELL UP FROM BEL[1 BETWE5 ONE 9DIVIDUAL & ANO!R & ONE GR\P & ANO!R SO ?AT ! MORE OR LESS EFFECTIVE \TCOME IS ?AT IT REA*ES \T TO 9CLUDE EV]Y MEMB] ( SOCIETY4 ,:]EUPON1 ?R\< S]IAL ORGANIZATION ( ! COMPON5T P>TS1 EV]Y P>T CAN RETA9 ITS SPECIAL FLAVOR & P]SONALITY1 MEAN+ ALL ITS FRE$OM4 ,!RE BE+ NO REAL CALL = IT ANY MORE1 REBELLION WILL CEASE1 ESPECIALLY S9CE ?AT ORGANIZATION W\LD NOT BY ITS V]Y NATURE BE UNSUSCEPTIBLE TO *ANGE1 BUT RA!R BE ! DELIB]ATE \TCOME ( ! WILL ( ITS COMPON5T P>TS AS MANIFE/$ 9 EA* TIME & PLACE4 

,BUT SU* AN >RANGEM5T IS ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( ! RULE ( MAJORITIES &1 BE+ ! PRODUCT ( UNRE/RICT$ P]SONALITY & F\ND$ UPON PRECISELY ?AT1 IT REPRES5TS :OLESALE REPUDIATION ( ! LAW-MAK+ RI<TS ATTRIBUT$ TO SU* MAJORITIES4 

,LET US !RE=E ANALYZE :AT IT IS ?AT IS BE+ REJECT$ & !N DEMON/RATE ! RI<TE\SNESS ( ! REJECTION4 

,LET US N>R[ ! FOCUS D[N TO SOME S+LE C\NTRY4 

,= 9/ANCE1 IT IS A MATT] TO 9T]E/ TO ALL ( US :O LIVE 9 ,SPA9 ?AT WE MA9TA9 TRAD+ RELATIONS ) O!R C\NTRIES4 ,:AT >E WE TO DO8 ,%ALL WE COME D[N ON ! SIDE ( FREE TRADE8 ,%ALL WE VOTE = PROTECTIONISM8 ,! ISSUE IS ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE & %\LD REQUIRE WELL NI< UNANIM\S AGREEM5T4 ,NEV]!LESS1 OP9ION WILL BE GREATLY DIVID$2 SOME WILL WANT *EAP FOOD & CLO?+ )\T A C>E = DOME/IC \TPUT'S GR9D+ TO A HALT2 O!RS WILL WANT TO 5C\RAGE ?AT PRODUCTION1 NOT C>+ A :IT = H[ DE> BREAD1 MEAT1 W9E1 CLO?+1 ETC41 GET4 ,>E ! =M] TO HAVE ! RI<T TO FOI/ UNEMPLOYM5T & MIS]Y UPON US8 ,OR ! LATT] TO =CE US TO WORK LIKE MULES & !N ALSO F9I% UP JOBLESS & HUNGRY ONCE ! IMPLICATIONS ( ?IS >RANGEM5T HAVE PLAY$ !MSELVES \T8 

,ACCORD+ TO SUPPORT]S ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S1 ! REAL SOLUTION LIES 9 ! H&S ( A FEW ?\S& IMBECILES :O1 BECAUSE !Y >E ! GREAT] NUMB]1 5JOY ! SUPREME RI<T ( GOV]N+ US4 ,ACTUALLY1 ! MAJORITY IS CALL$ UPON TO SAY :AT WILL BE ! /RAI<TE/ ROAD TO G5]AL WRET*$NESS2 RI<TLY OR WRONGLY1 ! MAJORITY WILL AGREE ?AT ! C\NTRY %\LD P]I% EI!R FROM A GLUT ( IMPORT$ GOODS OR FROM A DE>? ( HOMEGR[N GOODS2 ! MAJORITY WILL HAVE ! B>B>\S RI<T TO S5T5CE US TO DEA? BY />VATION2 ! MAJORITY WILL BE 5D[$ ) 5\< P[] TO DO :AT IT PLEASES )\T A SECOND ?\<T OR COMPUNCTION4 

,LET US TAKE ANO!R EXAMPLE4 

,IT IS 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ALL ,SPANI>DS TO LIVE 9 PEACE ) O!R PEOPLES4 ,BUT 91 SAY1 ,*9A1 SOME ,SPANI>DS >E ,R,I,<,T,L,Y ,O,R ,W,R,O,N,G,L,Y MURD]$4 ,PASSIONS BECOME 5FLAM$ &1 AS EV]1 ! PATRIOTS1 EV5 ?\< !Y !MSELVES MAY SIT QUIETLY AT HOME1 WILL CRY \T = V5GEANCE4 ,WE LEVEL-HEAD$ FOLK OR ! M9ORITY 7:I* AM\NTS TO ! SAME ?+7 - REMEMB] ?AT WE >E TAK+ IT = GRANT$ ?AT ! SY/EM IS RULE BY MAJORITY - MAY RECKON ?AT ! DEA?S ( A FEW ,SPANI>DS AT ! H&S ( A FEW ,*9ESE IS NOT GR\NDS 5\< = ?\<TLESSLY PLUNG+ 9TO A W> ( EXT]M9ATION TWO PEOPLES :O >E1 AT WOR/1 9DIFF]5T T[>DS EA* O!R4 ,& YET COMMON S5SE WILL NOT PREVAIL2 IT WILL BE ! BL9D WILL ( SOME AUTOMATIC MAJORITY ?AT HAS ! RI<T TO COMM& US TO KILL & TO P]I%4 

,:AT >E WE TO SAY AB\T H[ ! C\NTRY IS ORGANIZ$8 ,WE %\LD LIVE WELL & ! LIFE ( SOCIETY H+ES UPON ! POLITICAL =MULAS ESP\S$4 ,%ALL WE PLUMP = A REPUBLIC8 ,OR EMBRACE ! MON>*Y8 ,OPT = C5TRALIZATION8 ,OR %ALL WE BE F$]ALI/S8 ,! MAJORITY1 ! ALL-P[]FUL MAJORITY WILL DECIDE4 ,I1 WANT+ NO K+1 WILL HAVE TO GR9 & BE> HIM4 ,IF IT PLUMPS = A PRESID5T1 ,I'LL HAVE TO PUT UP ) HIM1 NO MATT] H[ MU* ,I DETE/ HIM4 ,:IL/ ,I AM EQUALLY REPELL$ BY S+UL>ITY & F$]ATION1 ,I MU/ PATI5TLY C>RY ! V]Y HEAVY CROSS ( !IR COMPLICAT$ ME*ANICS4 ,& ! RELIGI\S QUE/ION8 ,IT WORKS \T ! SAME :E!R ,I BELIEVE OR DO NOT BELIEVE1 ,I'LL BE PAY+ = A FAI? & A CL]GY & LIV+ & DY+ 9 ! NAME ( ,GOD DUE TO ! IMPOSITION ( ! MAJORITY'S WISDOM4 

,:Y GO ON PIL+ UP MORE EXAMPLES8 

,S9CE ! MAJORITY IS EQUIPP$ TO PRON\NCE UPON EV]Y?+1 IT IS GO+ TO HAVE TO IMPOSE ITS WILL UPON ALL ! SCI5CES4 ,BUT ITS IGNORANCE IS AS HUGE AS ITS PR]OGATIVES >E B\NDLESS4 ,9 SPITE ( EV]Y?+1 IT WILL BE ABLE TO 5=CE ! GREATE/ HYGI5IC NONS5SE AS B9D+ UPON PUBLIC HEAL?4 ,IT WILL BE ABLE TO REGULATE F>M WORK BY ORD]+ SE$S TO BE PLANT$ & H>VE/$ :5EV] ! NOTION TAKES IT4 ,IT WILL BE ABLE TO BR+ ITS LAWS 9TO ! WORK%OP1 FACTORY & HOME &1 9 ! H\R ( DEA? & 9 \R DEA? ?ROES1 ITS REGULATIONS WILL BE ! BOON COMPANION ( \R DECOMPOSITION1 PL[+ ON UNTIL \R BODIES LIE SIX FEET UND]4 

,WE WILL BE TOLD ?AT ITS RI<TS >E NOT LIMITLESS4 ,EV5 SO1 IS !RE ANY D5Y+ ?AT ! MAJORITY OV]RIDES US FROM BIR? TO DEA?8 ,IS !RE ANY D5Y+ ?AT HYGI5E1 WORK & \R 5TIRE LIFE-TIME >E SUBJECT TO ITS REGULATION8 ,& ULTIMATELY1 IF !RE IS A LIMIT TO ITS RI<TS1 :O SETS ! B\ND>Y8 ,PHILOSOPH]S1 METAPHYSICIANS & !OLOGIANS ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S WILL DEVISE PRODIGI\S CIRCUMV5TIONS ( ! TRU?1 BUT :O IS GO+ TO SET ?AT B\ND>Y BUT ! MAJORITY ITSELF8 ,VOLUNT>ILY LIMIT+ & SETT+ A B\ND>Y TO ITS [N RI<TS6 ,N[ !RE'S A WOND]FUL FEAT ( CONJUR+ IF EV] !RE WAS ONE6 

,NO D\BT AB\T IT4 ,! LAW ( MAJORITIES IS NOT ! LAW ( REASON1 NOT EV5 ! LAW ( ! LIKELIHOOD ( REASON4 ,SOCIETY M>*ES TO A DIFF]5T DRUMM]1 ACTUALLY TO ! DRUM-BEAT ( M9ORITIES1 OR1 BETT] YET1 DRIV5 ON BY ! REBEL OP5LY SWIMM+ AGA9/ ! TIDE4 ,EV]Y /EP =W>D WE HAVE TAK5 HAS BE5 TAK5 BY VIRTUE ( REPEAT$ 9DIVIDUAL DEFIANCE ( :AT HUMANITY HAS AFFIRM$ WAS RI<T4 ,TRUE1 HUMANITY LAT] EMBRAC$ ?AT 9DIVIDUAL'S CASE & CR[N$ HIS EF=TS2 BUT ! DRIVE HAS NEV] COME FROM MAJORITIES4 

,FLY+ 9 ! FACE ( G5]AL OP9ION1 A NEW WORLD WAS DISCOV]$ & ! E>? C>RIES ON SP9N+ & SP9N+ 9 9F9ITE SPACE4 ,FLY+ 9 ! FACE ( ! MAJORITY OP9ION1 ! LOCOMOTIVE HURTLES ALONG ! RAILS & MESSAGES FLY FROM ONE PLACE TO ANO!R AT A SPE$ TO MAKE ! HEAD SP94 ,DESPITE ! VIEWS ( \R ELD]S1 WE CAN SAIL )\T SAILS & O>S & AGA9/ ! W9D & TIDE4 ,& ULTIMATELY1 DESPITE :AT MO/ FOLK MAY ?9K ! W9DS WILL BE PL[$ & ! DEP?S ( ! OCEAN PLUMB$1 JU/ AS1 NOT SO LONG FROM N[1 A BETT] WORLD =ETOLD BY A H&FUL ( DREAM]S1 ( :I* WE HAVE ! HONOR ( BE+ ONE1 WILL BE BUILT UPON ! RU9S ( TODAY'S WORLD4 

,HAV5'T ! ABSOLUTE K+S BE5 TOPPL$ DESPITE ! OP9ION ( MAJORITIES8 ,HAV5'T ! CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*S BE5 DEPOS$8 ,HAVE WE NOT DONE AWAY ) SLAV]Y8 ,DID WE NOT DO ! SAME ) S]FDOM8 ,%ALL WE NOT V]Y %ORTLY BE DO+ ! SAME ) ! PROLET>IAT1 ! LATE/ =M ( DEP5D5T RELATIONS BETWE5 M58 ,DO WE NOT F9D ! SAME ASPECTS & MODALITIES 9 RELIGI\S TR5DS1 SO MU* SO ?AT !SE DAYS ! WORLD BELONGS TO ! NEGATION ( DOGMA1 TO FREE-?\<T & TO A!ISM1 DESPITE ! RELIGI\S AU?ORITIES /ILL CL++ ON8 

,! :OLE ( HI/ORY - ABSOLUTELY ALL ( IT - IS A REBUTTAL ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S1 ( ! B>B>IC 7YES1 B>B>IC7 LAW ( NUMB]S4 ,EV]Y /EP WE HAVE TAK5 WAS 9 OP5 DEFIANCE ( EV]YBODY ELSE4 ,9 ! SCI5CES & 9 ! >TS1 AS WELL AS 9 POLITICS & ECONOMICS1 AS WELL AS 9 ! PRACTICALITIES ( LIFE1 EV]Y?+ HAS BE5 DONE 9 SPITE ( ! WI%ES & DECISIONS ( MAJORITIES4 

,%ALL WE C>RY ON S++ ! PRAISES ( NUMB]S1 ( !IR ULTIMATE WISDOM & ULTIMATE \T-REASON+ ( ! RE/8 ,OR IS QU]Y+ ( ! RI<TS ( ! MAJORITY1 BE !Y LIMIT$ OR B\NDLESS1 TO BE LOOK$ UPON AS LITTLE %ORT ( RA%8 

,I,V -- ,EXAMPLES & ]RORS ( ! LAW ( MAJORITIES 

,LET US MOVE ON N[ TO A DIFF]5T SORT ( CONSID]ATION4 

,LET US SAY ?AT1 TOMORR[ TW5TY1 =TY OR A HUNDR$ 9DIVIDUALS LAUN* A SOCIETY TO SPONSOR SECUL> $UCATION4 ,EA* ( !M BR+S TO ITS HIS MORAL MI<T1 HIS /&+ 9 SOCIETY & HIS MONEY 9 ORD] TO HELP BR+ AB\T ! AIMS WE ALL /RIVE AFT]4 ,WILL ?AT MAJORITY BE ABLE TO SO >RANGE IT ?AT1 ! DAY AFT] ?AT1 ALL ( ! FUNDS & ALL ( ! EF=TS ( ! GR\P %\LD BE P\R$ 9TO RELIGI\S $UCATION8 ,IF NOT1 !N ! LAW ( NUMB]S AM\NTS TO NO?+1 = IT IS LIMIT$4 ,IF \R HYPO!SIS HOLDS WAT]1 !N ! LAW ( MAJORITIES IS ! LAW ( MI<T & ! LAW ( ?IEV]Y DRESS$ UP AS ! PR9CIPLE ( JU/ICE4 

,COMMON S5SE DICTATES ?AT1 9 ANY EV5T1 IF ! MEMB]S ( A SOCIETY FALL \T OV] !IR AIMS1 ?AT SOCIETY %\LD BE W\ND UP4 ,!REBY LEAV+ EV]YONE FREE TO 5T] 9TO ASSOCIATION ) ?OSE :O %>E HIS PURPOSES & ?US HAVE HIS ASPIRATIONS MET4 

,! SAME W\LD APPLY IF1 EV5 ?\< ! P>TN]S >E AGRE$ UPON !IR 5DS1 !Y DIFF] OV] MEANS4 ,SOME MI<T WANT ! $UCATION SY/EM TO CAT] = FOLK :O CAN MEET C]TA9 SPECIFICATIONS4 ,O!RS MI<T WANT IT DISP5S$ TO EV]YBODY1 )\T ANY DIFF]5TIATION4 ,W\LD IT BE REASONABLE = ! RE/RICT$ APPROA* TO C>RY ! DAY JU/ BECAUSE ! MAJORITY BACKS IT8 ,IF ?AT W]E ! CASE1 IT W\LD BE TANTAM\NT TO BUILD+ ALT>S TO PRIVILEGE & ITS *AMPIONS1 PLAC+ IGNORANCE & SELFI%NESS ON A HI<] PLANE ?AN REASON & DIS9T]E/4 ,& !N1 AS EV]1 ! LAW ( NUMB]S W\LD AM\NT TO ! RULE ( MI<T & ?UGG]Y4 

,! DIS9TEGRATION ( SOCIETY REFLECTS SU* DIFF]5CES ( \TLOOK1 N[ & 9 ! PA/4 ,EA* FACTION W\LD BE FREE TO DO AS IT ?\<T BE/ & TRIAL & ]ROR W\LD DEMON/RATE TO EV]YONE :I* WAS ! BE/ WAY TO A*IEVE ! PURPOSE4 

,AS TO ANY QUIBBLES ?AT MI<T BE RAIS$ AB\T ! 9/ABILITY ( ASSOCIATIONS1 WE CAN ANSW] 9 ADVANCE ?AT NO?+ LA/+ OR PRACTICAL IS TO BE EXPECT$ ( SUBORD9AT+ ! ?9K+ & P]=MANCE ( SOME P>TN]S TO ?OSE ( O!RS &1 EXP]I5CE BE+ ! GREAT T\*/ONE 9 EV]Y CLA% ( VIEWS1 MULTIPLICITY ( PRACTICES IS ALWAYS GO+ TO BE PREF]ABLE TO RE/RICTION ( ALREADY CONV5TIONAL PRACTICES4 ,!N AGA91 IT IS \R UND]/&+ ?AT EV]Y GR\P+ %\LD BE SPECIFIC & CLE> AS TO ITS PURPOSES BE=E IT IS LAUN*$ & BE=E ! MEANS TO BE EMPLOY$ >E DET]M9$1 C>E BE+ TAK5 AT ALL TIMES TO 5SURE COMPLETE 9DEP5D5CE ( ! P]SON4 ,IF ?IS HAPP5S1 !RE WILL BE NO?+ OR NEXT TO NO?+ LEFT TO BE RESOLV$ LAT]2 & TRIVIAL MATT]S T[>DS :I* ! MEMB]S >E G5]ALLY 9DIFF]5T BECAUSE ! DO+ ( !M IS NOT WOR? FALL+ \T OV]1 WILL BE SORT$ \T BY COMMON >RANGEM5T & )\T ANY PO9TLESS WRANGL+4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 9 REGIM5T$ SOCIETIES SUBJECT TO ! LAW ( NUMB]S1 IT IS NOT ! MAJORITIES ?AT DECIDE ON SU* PETTY MATT]S1 BUT ! WILL ( ! MO/ ACTIVE MEMB]S1 BE !Y FEW OR MANY 9 NUMB]4 ,9 SU* PRIVATE GR\PS1 :]E ! LAW LACKS ! TRANSC5D5CE ( A G5]AL PR9CIPLE1 :I* IS TO SAY ( A PROP] LAW1 ! SAME ?+ OCCURS1 H[EV]1 AS 9 POLITICAL SOCIETY4 ,A T9Y B& ( 9DIVIDUALS >RANGES EV]Y?+1 SORTS EV]Y?+ \T & C>RIES EV]Y?+ \T4 

,ANYONE :O HAS BE5 A MEMB] ( A RECREATIONAL1 COOP]ATIVE OR POLITICAL SOCIETY1 ETC41 WILL HAVE SE5 OR IS GO+ TO SEE VIOL5T /RUGGLES ]UPT )9 IT OV] REAL TRIVIALITIES4 ,DESPITE ! ALLEG$ LAW1 UND] ! ULTRA-WISE TUTELAGE ( ! MAJORITY ONE KN[S NOT A MOM5T'S PEACE4 ,OV] ! MO/ TRIVIAL NONS5SE1 HACKLES RISE1 TEMP]S FRAY & !RE IS ?IS CON/ANT COMPETITION TO GET ONE'S WAY1 RI<TLY OR WRONGLY & MO/ (T5 WRONGLY4 ,?IS IS AN EXACT PRO( ( >BITR>9ESS1 9 ?AT IT PROVOKES BUT BROOKS NO REBELLION & ALSO BECAUSE1 9 SPITE ( IT1 SOCIAL AFFAIRS PROCE$ 9 AN UTT]LY %AMBOLIC WAY :5 ! V]Y OPPOSITE IS ! AIM4 

,IS !RE NO?+ ?AT SPEAKS TO US ( ! 9EFFICACY ( ?IS SUPPOS$ LAW8 ,NO?+ 9 ITS NEGATIVE \TCOMES8 ,NO?+ 9 ITS ?\S&-FOLD MAYHEM8 

,H[ >E WE TO ACC\NT = ! G5]AL PUBLIC'S P]SI/5T ASS]TION ( & SUPPORT = ! LAW ( NUMB]S DESPITE ALL ( ! DATA & ALL ( ! EVID5CE ?AT MAKE A NONS5SE ( IT8 

,H[ >E WE TO ACC\NT = EV]Y HUMAN ]ROR8 ,ON ! ONE H&1 9 T]MS ( ! CONC]N ( ! B5EFICI>IES TO S*OOL US 9 ?IS OBSESSION4 ,ON ! O!R1 9 T]MS ( ! V]Y SAME CONC]N BEQUEA!D & PASS$ ON FROM ONE TO ANO!R OV] ! C5TURIES4 

,9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ! MO/ HONE/ PEOPLE AGREE ?AT ! CASE AGA9/ RULE BY MAJORITY IS A REASONABLE ONE1 BUT !Y CANNOT FA?OM H[ ?+S MI<T BE DONE DIFF]5TLY 9 SOCIETY4 ,!Y CONC$E ?AT ! HABIT ( RELY+ ON BABY-WALK]S IS DIRE1 YET !Y CANNOT CONCEIVE ( BE+ ABLE TO WALK UNAID$4 

,NO SOON] HAS A LAW BE5 PROMULGAT$ BY SOME ALLEG$ OR REAL MAJORITY ?AN MASSES ( MALCONT5TS CALL = IT TO BE REVIS$ & AM5D$1 A CALL ?AT GOES \T TO ! V]Y FOLK :O FRAM$ IT1 PASS$ IT & PROMULGAT$ IT4 ,:E!R RE=M COMES OR NOT1 ! FACT IS ?AT ! MAJORITY1 OR ITS REPRES5TATIVES1 HAVE MADE A FAUX PAS & MAKE FAUX PAS DAY 9 & DAY \T4 ,YET !Y >E ! ONES TO :OM ! CALL GOES \T = A MI/AKE 7:I* !Y DO NOT ACKN[L$GE IS A MI/AKE7 TO BE SET RI<T4 

,SU* >E ! NATURAL FRUITS ( ! GREAT POLITICAL SUP]/ITION ( P>LIAM5TS1 A SP9-(F FROM ! SUP]/ITION SURR\ND+ MAJORITIES4 ,E>? REMA9S FIX$ AT ! C5T] ( !IR UNIV]SE1 DESPITE ALL ! DEMON/RATIONS & EXP]IM5TAL PRO(S TO ! CONTR>Y4 

,V-- ,SOCIAL RI<TE\SNESS & FREE P]SONALITY 

,DO Y\ UND]/& N[1 READ]1 H[ ! PREOCCUPATION COMES AB\T & DEVELOPS8 ,DO Y\ N[ HAVE ! MEASURE ( ! FULL EXT5T ( ! AFFLICTION8 ,HAVE Y\ PLUMB$ ! DEP?S ( ?IS FETI%ISM ( NUMB]S :I* IS AT ! ROOT ( ALL \R MIS=TUNES8 ,>E Y\ AW>E ( ! SL[ IMPACT ( ! WAT] DRIP-DRIPP+ 9TO \R BRA9S FROM ! MOM5T ( BIR? UP UNTIL WE DIE & H[ IT P]PETUATES SUP]/ITION & 9FLATES IT UNTIL WE >E SMO!R$8 

,UNLESS Y\ >E IMP]VI\S TO LOGICAL >GUM5T1 Y\ WILL ALSO UND]/& :Y WE >E SOLD AS AXIOMATIC ! PR9CIPLE ( /RIFE BETWE5 HUMAN BE+S1 :I* PITS SOME HUMANS AGA9/ O!R HUMANS LIKE WILD ANIMALS AT A CIRCUS2 Y\ WILL APPRECIATE :Y WE >E S*OOL$ 9 ! BELIEF ?AT ! WORLD CANNOT MAKE PROGRESS O!R ?AN ACROSS A C>PET ( RUBBLE & CORPSES & Y\ WILL ALSO UND]/& ?AT1 9 ORD] TO JU/IFY ! PREEM95CE ( ! FEW1 SCI5CE IS TA9T$1 $UCATION CORRUPT$ & USAGES W>P$4 ,EV]YBODY HAS TO BE MADE TO SEE ! 9EVITABILITY ( ! AFFLICTION & ! ET]NAL NECESSITY ( W>1 AS LONG AS IT IS NOT ! L[]-D[NS DECL>+ IT UPON ! HI<]-UPS4 

,TEA*+S LIKE !SE POISON MANY A M9D DRIV5 TO DESPAIR & PESSIMISM AS A WAY ( CRU%+ ITS OPPOSITION OR SECUR+ ITS 9DIFF]5CE4 

,/RIFE BETWE5 M5 IS NOT SOME 9ESCAPABLE LAW ( NATURE1 NOR IS IT AN 9ESCAPABLE LAW ( NATURE ?AT ALL PROGRESS BE B\<T AT ! PRICE ( W>S ( EXT]M9ATION BECAUSE1 IF ! RULE ( =CE1 ! CONCRETE EXPRESSION ( ! SUPPOS$ SUPREMACY ( MAJORITIES1 WAS TO BE DONE AWAY )1 EV]Y /EP =W>D W\LD HAVE TO BE MADE PEACEABLY ?R\< ! SWIFT OR SL[ EMBRAC+ ( IMPROVEM5T BY ! G5]ALITY ( M54 ,! SWAY ( =CE IS TRANSITORY BECAUSE IT D]IVES FROM ! W>-LIKE ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY :I* PROCLAIMS ! RI<TE\SNESS ( MI<T1 ATTRIBUT+ EV]Y?+ WRE/$ FROM ,NATURE TO CUNN+4 ,W]E SOCIETY ORGANIZ$ ) AN EYE TO PEACE & JU/ICE1 W]E IT ORGANIZ$ ) AN EYE TO COOP]ATION1 RA!R ?AN ) AN EYE TO /RIFE1 GIV5 ?AT 9 ! RE/ ( ,NATURE MUTUAL AID BETWE5 CREATURES IS AS SIGNIFICANT AS OR MORE SIGNIFICANT ?AN ! PRECEPT ( ! /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL1 MI<T1 B]EFT ( ANY VEHICLE TO SPEAK = IT1 W\LD BE NULLIFI$1 LEAV+ ! WAY WIDE OP5 TO REASON & TO C\RSES SET 9 ACCORDANCE ) EXP]I5CE OR ! 9T]PLAY ( ! V>I\S APPLICATIONS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY4 

,BUT :AT WE >E REALLY DEAL+ ) 9 ANY DISCUSSION ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S IS A POLITICAL MY/ICISM ?AT WE NE$ TO BANI%1 ! POLITICAL MY/ICISM ( SOCIAL RI<TE\SNESS1 9 ! NAME ( :I* A ?\S& P>TIES & S*OOLS ( ?\<T HAVE BE5 SET UP ) ! VA9 PURPOSE ( REG5]AT+ ! WORLD FROM POSITIONS ( HI< AU?ORITY & US+ ! V]Y SAME ME?ODS ?AT >E1 9 !ORY1 REJECT$4 ,ACTUALLY :AT IS AT ISSUE IS :E!R ! COLLECTIVE CAN LAY D[N RULES = ITS COMPON5T MEMB]S1 BECAUSE1 IF IT CAN1 !RE IS NO WAY = ?AT RI<T TO BE EX]CIS$ O!R ?AN BY MEANS ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S2 :]EAS1 9 ! ABS5CE ( SU* P[]1 MAJORITY RULE IS )\T F\NDATION4 

,:AT IS SOCIETY8 ,NOT SO MU* AN AGGREGATE OR A SUM1 BUT ALSO NOT A DEF9ITE1 H>D-&-FA/1 F9I%$ PRODUCT & AN AGGREGATION ( P]SONS1 A CONGREGATION IF Y\ WILL4 ,IS IT SOME?+ DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE P]SONS1 SOME?+ MORE P[]FUL ?AN !M & ) GREAT] P[]S8 

,MI<T SOCIETY P]HAPS BE A HI<] ELITE ) A P]SONALITY ( ITS [N1 SET AP>T FROM ! COMPON5T MEMB]S8 ,/RICTLY SPEAK+1 SOCIETY IS AN AB/RACT CON/RUCT ( \R M9DS1 DEVIS$ AS A R\< EXPRESSION = AN AMALGAM ?AT IS MORE IDEAL ?AN ACTUAL4 

,N[ S9CE WE HAVE NO GRASP ( EV]Y?+ & ( NO?+ BEYOND ! AB/RACTIONS :I* DAY TO DAY OBS]VATION ( ! LIMIT$ & CONCRETE SUGGE/ TO US1 SO WE HAVE ONLY A CRUDE NOTION ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 A NOTION D]IV+ FROM AN 9EVITABLE CA/ ( M9D4 

,SO1 IF SOCIETY IS POSSESS$ ( NO ACTUAL P]SONHOOD1 :]E DOES ! SO-CALL$ RI<T ( MAK+ ! RULES = SOCIETY SPR+ FROM8 ,( :AT DOES ?AT RI<T ITSELF CONSI/8 ,NO?+3 NO?+ BUT METAPHYSICS & POLITICAL !OLOGY4 ,IT IS RELIGI\S SUP]/ITION APPLI$ & 5C\RAG$ 9 ! REALM ( ORD9>Y LIFE4 

,SO1 JU/ AS ?\S&S ( SELFLESS BE+S :O LIV$ = ! FUTURE HAVE BE5 SACRIFIC$ 9 ! NAME ( RELIGI\S SUP]/ITION1 & JU/ AS ! TRU? HAS BE5 CONDEMN$1 EXCOMMUNICAT$ & \TLAW$ AT ALL TIMES1 SO1 9 ! NAME ( ! POLITICAL SUP]/ITION ( SOCIAL LAW-MAK+1 ! HUMAN P]SONALITY HAS BE5 SACRIFIC$1 ! RI<TS ( ! P]SON TRESPASS$ AGA9/ & RIDD5 OV] R\<-%OD1 & ! TRU? BOLDLY ASS]T$ BY ! MAN ( SCI5CE OR SOMEBODY SELFLESSLY TRY+ TO PUT PAID TO ! MIS=TUNES ( HIS FELL[ MAN1 OR 1 F9ALLY1 SOMEONE TRY+ TO ASSET HIS [N RI<TS AGA9/ ! BRUTE =CE ( NUMB]S1 BE5 DR[N$ 9 BLOOD4 

,UND] COV] ( SOCIETY'S RI<TS1 = ! SAKE ( 'PUBLIC SAFETY' AS ! MY/ICAL REVOLUTION>IES HAVE IT1 ALL MANN] ( TORM5T & VEXATION IS VISIT$ UPON ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,UND] COV] ( SOCIETY'S RI<TS1 & AS ALWAYS = ! SAKE ( 'PUBLIC SAFETY'1 ANY?+ ?AT CAUSES DISRUPTION IS SACRIFIC$1 & ON A DAILY BASIS ! V]Y SAME BODY ( SOCIETY ELEVAT$ TO ! /ATUS ( A HI<]1 ALL-P[]FUL BE+1 SUFF]S MUTILATION4 ,IF IT TAKES ! DECAPITATION ( TW5TY ?\S& OR A HUNDR$ ?\S& HUMAN BE+S TO 5SURE SU*-&-SU* 7ALWAYS FICTITI\S7 B5EFITS = ! REMA9D]1 A HUNDR$ ?\S& OR TW5TY ?\S& HEADS WILL ROLL B5EA? ! EXECUTION]'S AX4 ,IF RI<TS & FRE$OMS REQUIRE TO BE CURTAIL$1 EV]Y?+ WILL BE TRIMM$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO 5SURE ?AT SOCIETY IS REV5G$ 9 FULL4 ,IF IT MEANS ?AT TWO OR MORE PEOPLES1 EA* ) NO GRIEVANCES AGA9/ ! O!R1 MU/ BE DISPAT*$ TO SLAU<T] ON ! BATTLEFIELD1 DISPAT*$ TO ! SLAU<T] !Y WILL BE1 )\T A QUALM ( CONSCI5CE ON ! P>T ( ! WISE LAW-MAK]S :O1 9VOK+ SOCIETY'S RI<TS1 T5D & WAT* OV] ! WELF>E ( HUMANITY4 ,SOCIETY'S RI<TS >E ! IDEA ( ,GOD MADE POLITICAL FLE%4 ,SU* IS ! SCALE ( ! IMPOSITION UPON HUMANITY 7:I* HAS BE5 PUT ?R\< A ,CALV>Y ( <A/LY SUFF]+7 9 ! NAME ( ?AT IDEA ?AT !SE DAYS ! IMPOSITION IS MADE 9 ! NAME ( ! O!R NOTION BY ! IDIOSYNCRATIC REVOLUTION>IES ( POLITICS1 =C+ US TO PROCE$ UND] ! BUFFET+ ( CONT9UAL MORAL & MAT]IAL TORM5T4 

,9/EAD ( ! ALLEG$ RI<TS ( SOCIETY1 WE NE$ TO HOI/ V]Y HI< ! BANN] ( ! FREE 9DIVIDUAL4 ,RA!R ?AN ! DESPOTISM ( ! GR\P1 WE NE$ TO ASS]T 9DEP5D5CE & RESPECT = HUMAN P]SONALITY4 

,MY RI<TS1 MY FRE$OM1 MY HEAL?1 MY WELF>E >E EV]Y BIT AS VALUABLE AS ! RI<TS1 WELF>E1 FRE$OM & HEAL? ( O!RS4 ,I WILL NOT C\NT5ANCE NOR CONS5T TO IMPOSITION FROM ANY QU>T]4 ,NUMB]S HOLD NO *>M = ME4 ,EV]YONE IS AT LIB]TY TO PROCE$ H[EV] HE PLEASES4 ,IF WE M5 REQUIRE HELP1 LET US AF=D SU* HELP & IF ! NE$ IS ON \R P>T WE %\LD FREELY SEEK IT ?R\< COMB9+ & COOP]AT+ ON COMMON PURPOSES4 ,BUT WE %ALL DO SO & WE WANT TO DO SO1 AS \RSELVES1 ( \R [N VOLITION1 RA!R ?AN AS A RESULT ( IMPOSITION BY ANYONE4 ,TOGE!R ) ! LAW ( MAJORITIES1 SOCIETY'S RI<TS AM\NT TO NEV]-5D+ W>D%IP = PEOPLES1 SACRIFIC+ ! 9DIVIDUAL & OBLIT]AT+ ?\<T1 PLUS DEA? = ?OSE MO/ CLOSELY CONC]N$4 ,9 DEFIANCE ( ?AT NOXI\S TEA*+1 REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM PROCLAIMS ! COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ! P]SON & FRE$OM ( ACTION = ALL HUMAN BE+S 9 A WORLD ( EQUALITY1 SOLID>ITY & JU/ICE4 

,V,I -- ,LEGISLAT$ SOCIAL RI<TS LEAD TO DIS9TEGRATION4 ,RESPECT = MAN ! DRIV+1 COHESIVE PR9CIPLE4 ,REASON & FREE AGREEM5T RA!R ?AN LAW & SUFFRAGE 

,) ! PRACTICE & !ORY ( ! LAW ( NUMB]S EXPOS$ AS FALSE1 !RE IS NO WAY ( TELL+ :I* ( ! V>I\S SOCIAL FACTIONS COMPET+ TO RUN PUBLIC AFFAIRS HAS RI<T ON ITS SIDE4 ,& S9CE WE ALSO ASS]T ! RI<TS ( ! P]SON OV] ! SUPPOS$ RI<TS ( MAJORITIES1 IT N[ FALLS TO US TO EXPLORE ! PR9CIPLE AS IT RELATES TO \R NEGATION & WEI< IT UP 9 PRACTICE4 

,9 CONTRA/ TO ! RI<TS ( SOCIETY1 EXPRESS+ ! DESPOTISM ( CLIQUES1 & 9 CONTRA/ TO ! AU?ORIT>IAN1 GOV]NM5TAL PR9CIPLE1 UPON :I* LAW-MAK+ IS BUILT1 WE AFFIRM ! PR9CIPLE ( FREE CONTRACT AS ! MEANS & 9/RUM5T ( 9T]-P]SONAL RELATIONS4 

,! NOTION ( CONTRACT IS IMM$IATELY IMPLICIT 9 ! NOTION ( FRE$OM ( ACTION4 ,EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 MA/] ( HIS [N FATE1 %\LD & ASSUR$LY WILL1 AT ! PROMPT+ ( NE$S ( :I* HE IS S5SIBLE1 5T] 9TO RECIPROCAL RELATIONS ) HIS PE]S 9 PR(ESSION1 TA/E & 9CL9ATIONS4 ,EV5 TODAY IT IS NECESSITY ?AT BR+S SOME P]SONS 9TO CONTACT ) O!RS & :I* PROMPT GR\PS TO REA* SOME ACCOMMODATION ) ONE ANO!R REG>D+ %>$ PURPOSES4 ,= ALL ITS COMPLICAT$ MA*9]Y1 GOV]NM5T M]ELY UPSETS ! H>MONY ( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,9 RESPECT ( WORK1 PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 CONTRACT IS ! PR9CIPLE UND]P9N+ EV]Y AG5CY2 ! MUTUAL COMPATIBILITY ( ! P>TS IS ! SOLE GU>ANTOR ( REGUL> EXI/5CE2 FRE$OM IS ! SOLE MEANS ( IRON+ \T ALL DIFF]5CES4 ,LIKEWISE1 :5 IT COMES TO MORAL RELATIONS1 IT IS CU/OMS ?AT >E ! REGULATOR ( ! EVOLUTION 9 HUMAN EXI/5CE4 

,) EV]Y OB/ACLE REMOV$1 ALL GOV]NM5T OR LEGISLATIVE RE/RICTION UPON 9DIVIDUAL & COLLECTIVE EVOLUTION BANI%$1 EVOLV+ CU/OMS & EVOLUTION 9 ! :]E)AL ( SOCIAL COEXI/5CE1 AS WELL AS 9 ! LIVES ( 9DIVIDUALS & ?+S1 9 %ORT1 PROGRESS1 9 ITS BROADE/ S5SE1 CAN MAKE ITS WAY )\T LET OR H9DRANCE4 

,WE CONT5D ?AT ?AT :I* IS RESOLV$ BY VIOL5CE & BROK5 D[N BY VIOL5CE CAN BE RESOLV$ & BROK5 D[N PEACEFULLY4 ,ANY COHESION OR DIS9TEGRATION ?AT IS ! 9ESCAPABLE \TCOME ( OV]RID+ NE$S %\LD BE BR\<T AB\T1 NOT BY /RIFE & =CE1 BUT ?R\< ! 5TIRELY UNFETT]$1 SPONTANE\S & EMPHATIC MANIFE/ATION ( ! FACTORS ?AT ?OSE NE$S SUGGE/4 ,WE PROCLAIM ! !ORY ( FRE$OM 9 ALL ITS PURITY4 ,WE WANT 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS TO /& ON AN EQUAL FOOT+ & TO BE FREE TO REA* AGREEM5T1 SEEK ONE ANO!R \T1 COME TOGE!R OR /& AP>T4 ,WE WANT HUMAN ASSOCIATION TO BE ! RESULT ( 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE & SPONTANEITY RA!R ?AN IMPOS$ BY SOME POLITICAL1 ECONOMIC OR RELIGI\S AG5CY4 ,A F$]ATION ( FREE PRODUC]S WILL BE ! 9EVITABLE \TCOME ( AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,SU* AN >RANGEM5T1 A /RANG] TO ALL LEGISLATIVE UNI=MITY1 WILL ( NECESSITY DISPLAY ! FEATURES ( ! WIDE/ V>IETY ( =MS1 MEANS & 5DS4 ,9 KEEP+ ) LIFE'S HET]OG5EITY1 & ) ! FULLE/ EXPANSION ( 9DU/RY & SCI5CE1 ! MULTIPLICITY ( GR\P+S1 PURPOSES & ME?ODS WILL *IME H>MONI\SLY ) ! IMMEASURABLE V>IETY ( NE$S4 ,GR\PS WILL BE FREE TO W9D !MSELVES UP & AM5D !MSELVES AS (T5 !IR MEMB]S FEEL NECESS>Y4 ,!Y WILL BE ABLE TO DISB& & RE-=M & FRAGM5T OR AMALGAMATE AS (T5 AS IS NECESS>Y4 ,%\LD ONE GR\P+ NOT AGREE ) ! RE/1 IT W\LD BE AT LIB]TY TO PL[ ITS [N FURR[ & NO ONE W\LD BE ABLE TO /OP IT4 ,IF AN 9DIVIDUAL FALLS \T ) HIS ASSOCIATES1 HE W\LD BE FREE TO SEEK \T O!RS ) :OM HE SEES EYE TO EYE4 ,ONLY ON ?OSE CONDITIONS C\LD ! LIFE ( SOCIETY BE PURSU$ H>MONI\SLY & PEACEFULLY2 ONLY AT ?IS PRICE WILL ORD] EM]GE AS ! %ORT-T]M & NECESS>Y \TCOME ( ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE FRE$OM ( ! 9DIVIDUAL4 

,WE MI<T HE> ! >GUM5T RAIS$ AGA9/ US ?AT :AT WE >E ADVOCAT+ IS A REV]SION TO PRIMITIVE CONDITIONS1 TO SAVAG]Y4 ,TO :I* \R ANSW] WILL BE ?AT \R BRILLIANT CIVILIZATION HAS MU* TO 5VY 9 ! PRIMITIVE CONDITION SPOK5 ( SO UNJU/LY ) SU* SCORN & SO DISMISSIVELY4 

,ASIDE FROM ! FACT ?AT ! >RANGEM5T WE ADVOCATE IS A GOOD FIT = ! 9F9ITE V>IETY ( LIFE TODAY2 & ASIDE FROM ! FACT ?AT \R OBVI\S ADVANCES PRECLUDE ANY REV]SION TO SAVAG]Y1 & GIV5 ?AT1 NO MATT] :AT ! SOCIAL >RANGEM5T 9 :I* WE LIVE MAY BE1 ! GA9S ( PROGRESS & SCI5CE WILL SURVIVE1 WE HAVE PL5TY ( GR\NDS = >GU+ ?AT ! TRUE PR9CIPLE UND]LY+ ! LIFE ( SOCIETY1 ALBEIT OV]%AD[$ OR ECLIPS$ 9 \R DAY BY ! UNREL5T+ W>F>E 9 :I* WE >E CAU<T UP1 RETA9S A LAT5T PRES5CE4 

0,9 SMALL1 UNDEVELOP$ SOCIETIES0 - SAYS ,SP5C] - 0:]E COMPLETE PEACE HAS PREVAIL$ OV] A P]IOD ( C5TURIES1 !RE IS NO?+ AK9 TO :AT WE T]M GOV]NM5T2 !Y HAVE NO CO]CIVE ORGANIZATION1 ONLY AT BE/ AN HONORIFIC SUZ]A9TY4 ,9 SU* EXCEPTIONAL COMMUNITIES1 :I* >E NOT AGGRESSIVE & :I* >E1 = SPECIAL REASONS1 FREE ( ALL AGGRESSION1 ! DEP>TURES FROM ! BASIC VIRTUES ( TRU?FULNESS1 HONE/Y1 FAIRNESS & G5]OSITY >E SO R>E ?AT ALL ?AT IS NE$$ TO CONTA9 !M IS ?AT PUBLIC OP9ION %\LD BE EXPRESS$ FROM TIME TO TIME AT GA!R+S ( ELD]S CONV5$ AT IRREGUL> 9T]VALS40 

,H>T%ONE TELLS US3 0,! ,VEHDA ,BU%M51 :O HAVE NO SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 REG>D IT AS UN?9KABLE ?AT ANYBODY %\LD BE ABLE TO LAY H&S ON ?AT :I* DOES NOT BELONG TO HIM1 9JURE HIS COMRADE OR UTT] A LIE40 

0,! ,BE*UANAS0 - SEE ,BUR*ELL'S ,TRIPS 9TO ! ,S\!RN ,AFRICAN ,9T]IOR - 0ABIDE BY TIME-HONOR$ CU/OM40 

,AMONG ! ,KOR>MA ,HOTT5TOTS1 0PROVID$ ?AT ! OLD WAYS DO NOT =BID ?IS1 ANYONE CAN ASSUME ?AT HE IS 5TITL$ TO ?AT :I* HE HIMSELF SEES AS JU/40 7,?OMSON1 ,J\RNEYS ,?R\< ,S\!RN ,AFRICA74 

,! ,>AUCANIANS 0>E GUID$ SOLELY BY PRIMITIVE CU/OMS OR UNSPOK5 CONV5TION40 7,?OMSON1 ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,DICTION>Y & ,HI/ORIAS DE ,AM]ICA1 BY ,ALC$O74 

,BAJAH ,BROOKE SAYS ( ! ,DYAKS ?AT 0APP>5TLY CU/OM HAS QUITE SIMPLY ACQUIR$ ! /ATUS ( LAW & BREA*ES ( IT >E PUNI%ABLE BY F9ES40 7,T5 ,YE>S 9 ,S>AWAK74 

,AMONG ! ,NOR? ,AM]ICAN ,9DIANS1 SU* AS ! ,SNAKE ,9DIANS1 :O HAVE NO GOV]NM5T1 HORSE [N]%IP IS RESPECT$4 ,AMONG ! ,*IPPEWA :O HAVE NO PROP] GOV]NM5T1 GAME TRAPP$ 9 PRIVATELY-[N$ SN>ES IS REG>D$ AS PRIVATE PROP]TY4 7,S*OOLCRAFT1 ,EXP$ITION TO ! ,S\RCES ( ! ,MISSISSIPPI74 ,WE C\LD QUOTE A LOT ( SIMIL> FACTS AB\T ! CU/OMS ( ! ,A?S1 ! ,COMAN*E1 ! ,ESKIMOS & ! ,9DIANS ( ,BRAZIL4 0,AMONG ! V>I\S UNCIVILIZ$ PEOPLES0 - ,SP5C] GOES ON TO SAY - 0! CU/OM HAS GR[N UP ( RESPECT+ RI<TS OV] ! FRUIT ?AT GR[S 9 ! TILL$ FIELD1 BUT NOT OV] ! SOIL ITSELF40 

,>E ! ORGANIZ$ ?IEV]Y & LAWFUL ?IEV]Y ( ! CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES REALLY AN IMPROVEM5T UPON ALL ?IS8 ,IS IT NOT ! TRU? ?AT \R BLATANT IMMORALITY1 \R C\NTLESS DEPRAVITIES1 \R CRIMES )\T NUMB]1 & ! <A/LY DECL9E 9 \R MORES PLACE US A ?\S& RUNGS BEL[ !SE SAVAGE PEOPLES1 !SE CONTEMPTIBLE B>B>IANS8 ,& LET US NOT GET 9TO ! BASIC VIRTUES ( TRU?FULNESS1 HONE/Y1 FAIRNESS & G5]OSITY4 ,!RE >E LOT ( ?+S AB\T ! UN=TUNATE ,VEHDAS1 ,>AUCANIANS1 ,HOTT5TOTS1 ,BE*UANAS1 & ALL ! =LORNLY BRUTI% PRIMITIVE PEOPLES = US TO 5VY4 

,NOT)/&+ ! FACTS CIT$ & A LOT MORE BESIDES ?AT WE C\LD ADD1 SU* IS ! GRIP ( ! GOV]NM5T FETI%ISM1 SE DEEP-SEAT$ ! LEGISLATIVE SUP]/ITION1 SO DEEPLY EMB$D$ ! BELIEF 9 BLESS$ OMNISCI5T MAJORITIES1 ?AT !RE WILL /ILL BE ?OSE :O EMPHATICALLY ASS]T ! RIDICUL\SNESS ( AN ALLEG$ LUR* BACKW>DS1 A NONS5SICAL REV]SION TO :AT !Y CONT5D IS ! MO/ REPUGNANT B>B>ISM & TO ! HUMAN RACE'S ORIG9AL ANIMAL CONDITION4 

,EV5 ! EXAMPLE ( :AT GOES ON AT PRES5T WILL NOT P]SUADE !M4 ,C\NTLESS MATT]S >E REGULAT$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) CU/OM RA!R ?AN LEGISLATION &1 MANY A TIME1 9 DEFIANCE ( ! LAWS4 ,BUS9ESS MAKES LOANS )\T ANY REQUIREM5T ( LAW & A LOT ( ITS EXPANSION OCCURS \TSIDE ! LAW4 ,! MO/ COMPLICAT$ BUS9ESS DEAL+S >E PURSU$ BY MEANS ( >RANGEM5TS & ABIDE BY TIME-HONOR$ CU/OM4 ,! CODES .<( LAW.> >E LATE-COM]S TO ! SC5E & A REAL 9CONV5I5CE4 ,!Y CANNOT EV5 PUNI% BAD FAI? S9CE FRAUDUL5T BANKRUPTCIES CIRCUMV5T ALL ! RULES4 

,9 PUBLIC & PRIVATE DEAL+S1 9 MATT]S ( 9DU/RY & LABOR1 9 ! 5TIRETY ( SOCIAL LIFE1 CU/OMS OV]RULE LAWS4 ,AS F> AS FOLK >E CONC]N$ MANY A LAW IS DEADWEI<T4 ,LAWS >E REALLY AN 9TRUSION 9TO ! LIVES ( PEOPLES2 !Y >E ! JAWS ( A TRAP ?AT ONLY LAWY]S & LITIGANTS FULLY UND]/&4 ,) !IR TREM5D\S V>IETY FROM ONE NATION TO ! NEXT1 FROM COM>CA TO COM>CA & FROM PEOPLE TO PEOPLE1 CU/OMS >E1 BY CONTRA/1 ! REGULATORS ( \R EV]Y MOVE & ! V]Y /UFF ( \R LIVES4 ,:I* IS :Y M5 NE$ TO LIVE \T !IR LIVES TO ! ACCOMPANIM5T ( CONT9U\S REBELLIONS & RUSES ( EV]Y SORT4 ,FUR!RMORE1 9 ORD] TO WRIGGLE \T ( ! EFFECTS ( ! LAW1 9 ORD] TO OP]ATE 9 A MANN] CONSI/5T ) ONE'S [N WI%ES1 ONE IS OBLIG$ TO BECOME DI%ONORABLE1 UNJU/ & SELFI% & PLACE ONE'S P]SONAL 9T]E/ ABOVE ANY O!R CONSID]ATION1 ! UP%OT BE+ ?AT ! LAW CONJUR$ UP BY ! MAJORITY IS ! CAUSE ( ALL \R AFFLICTIONS & ! UTT] NEGATION ( P]SONAL 9TEGRITY & HUMAN FRE$OM & ALL = ! B5EFIT ( A HUGE NUMB] ( N9COMPOOPS OR A M9ORITY ( ROGUES4 

,SO1 IF ! /RAI<T=W>D1 PRACTICAL LIFE ( SOME PEOPLES C\LD BE W$D$ TO ! REALITY ( A CIVILIZ$ EXI/5CE 9 DEFIANCE ( ! LAW1 ?AT JU/ GOES TO %[ ?AT RULE BY MAJORITY IS NOT ONLY PHONY BUT ALSO UNNECESS>Y & H>MFUL4 ,SO :AT >E WE TO SAY TO ! DISBELIEV]S1 ! FANATICAL SUPPORT]S ( NUMB]S1 ! WOR%IP]S ( ?IS MOD]N FETI%8 

,ATROPHI$ BRA9S >E 9CAPABLE ( COMPREH5D+ ! G5U9ELY POSITIVE ASPECTS ( LIFE 9 SOCIETY & ONLY MANAGE TO GLIMPSE ITS >TIFICIAL SIDE4 ,PREOCCUPATION ) POLITICS BL9DS !M & EV]Y EF=T MADE TO RE/ORE !IR SI<T PROVES PO9TLESS4 ,WE EV5 QUE/ION :E!R !Y >E SUSCEPTIBLE TO TAK+ !IR PLACE 9 A NEW WORLD & CAPABLE ( ADAPT+ TO NEW WAYS ( LIFE4 

,V,I,I -- ,! EX]CISE & PRACTICE ( ASSOCIATION F\ND$ UPON TRIAL & ]ROR 

,& !N SOMEBODY WILL SAY TO US3 %[ US H[ SOCIAL GR\PS WILL BE ABLE TO SORT !MSELVES \T )\T REC\RSE TO SUFFRAGE BECAUSE1 BETWE5 PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES & TODAY'S SOCIETY1 !RE IS ( C\RSE1 A HUGE DIFF]5CE1 ) ! LATT]'S SPH]E ( ACTION BE+ RA!R 9F9ITE AS COMP>$ ) ! RE/4 ,9 ! =M]1 MEANS & 5DS >E CONCRETE & DET]M9$ :]EAS 9 ! LATT] !Y V>Y WIDELY & >E 9DET]M9ATE4 ,LET US ASSUME ?AT Y\ SET UP PRODUCTION1 EX*ANGE & CONSUMPTION ASSOCIATIONS1 ?AT EV]YONE IS FREE TO MAKE :ATEV] >RANGEM5TS HE DEEMS BE/1 ?AT EV]YBODY 5JOYS ! SAME RI<TS & ! SAME MEANS ( SURVIVAL4 ,H[1 9 T]MS ( PRACTICALITIES1 W\LD Y\ PROCE$8 

,WELL1 9 PRECISELY ! SAME WAY AS TRADE & 9DU/RY PROCE$ TODAY4 ,TAKE A TRAD+ COMPANY3 ! P>TN]%IP AGREEM5T IS DRAWN UP & ! P>TN]S NEV] HAVE ANY CALL TO RESORT TO VOT+4 ,EA* ( !M HAS A WELL-DEF9$ P>T TO PLAY4 ,! ADM9I/RATOR ADM9I/]S 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! RULES ( ACC\NTANCY4 ,! MANAG] 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! TE*NICAL 9/RUCTIONS ISSU$ TO HIM4 ,IT NEV] OCCURS TO !M TO PUT ! NORMAL OP]ATION ( ! BUS9ESS TO A VOTE4 ,IF EV] ! P>TN]S TRY TO TAKE ON NEW WORK OR WID5 ! SCOPE ( !IR BUS9ESS1 ?IS IS ALWAYS DONE ) AGREEM5T ACROSS ! BO>D4 ,IF SU* AGREEM5T IS NOT !RE1 ! COMPANY WILL C>RY ON1 RE/RICT+ ITSELF TO ?AT :I* HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 AGRE$4 ,?IS IS ! DAY-TO-DAY PRACTICE4 ,BUT IF1 BY *ANCE1 & ?IS W\LD BE A REAL EXCEPTION1 SOME ( ! P>TN]S 9SI/ UPON EXPLOR+ FRE% AV5UES1 !N ! COMPANY IS IMM$IATELY W\ND UP4 ,WE >E DISC\NT+ ! V]Y R>E CASES 9 :I* ! DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION ]UPTS 9TO A NOISY DISPUTE BECAUSE1 ! PRIVILEGES ( [N]%IP NOT BE+ AT ISSUE1 SU* CLA%ES ( 9T]E/S CANNOT COME AB\T & ANY O!R P]SONAL DIFF]5CE CAN ALWAYS BE SORT$ \T ?R\< AMICABLE M$IATORS 9 A COMPANY 9 :I* !RE >E NO PRIVILEG$ RUL]S NOR JUDGES4 

,IS ! EXAMPLE WE QUOTE AU!NTIC OR NOT8 ,IS IT OR IS IT NOT CAPABLE ( S]V+ AS A MODEL8 

,PLA9LY IT IS AU!NTIC & YES1 IT CAN SET ! PATT]N4 ,SO LET US APPLY ?IS APPROA* TO FUTURE PRODUCTION ASSOCIATIONS1 :IL/ RESOLV+1 9 ! IMPLEM5TATION ( IT1 V>I\S PRACTICAL EXAMPLES PUT TO US ON OCCASION BY WORK]S ) :OM WE HAVE TIES ( FRI5D%IP & COMRADE%IP4 ,TAKE1 SAY1 A ME*ANICS' ASSOCIATION SET UP TO CAT] = ! REQUIREM5TS ( SU*-&-SU* A BRAN* ( PRODUCTION4 ,ON JO9+1 !Y WILL NATURALLY PRESCRIBE ! WORK+ CONDITIONS1 E/ABLI% H[ !IR DAY-TO-DAY AFFAIRS %\LD BE H&L$ & PAY ESPECIAL ATT5TION TO ! RECIPROCAL DEAL+S 9CUMB5T UPON EV]Y S+LE ONE ( !M4 ,UNLESS !Y CAN SEE EYE TO EYE1 ! ASSOCIATION WILL NOT BE =M$4 ,JU/ LIKE TODAY1 EA* GR\P WILL BE MADE UP ( P]SONNEL :O SEE EYE TO EYE ) ONE ANO!R4 ,IT MAY !N BE ! CASE ?AT1 9/EAD ( ONE SOCIETY1 !RE >E TW5TY ( !M1 9 :I* WE DO NOT SEE A PROBLEM1 ESPECIALLY :51 ?ANKS TO ! LAW ( NECESSITY1 ?OSE SUNDRY ASSOCIATIONS WILL T5D TO COAGULATE & FUZE 9TO JU/ ONE4 ,TRIAL & ]ROR WILL TEA* EV]YONE ! COMMON PA?1 IF !RE ACTUALLY IS ONLY ! ONE4 

,LET US LOOK AT A FEW SPECIFIC 9/ANCES4 ,TAKE A F\NDRY ?AT IS1 AS WE W\LD DEF9E IT1 PROP]LY ORGANIZ$4 ,WE DO NOT ?9K ?AT !RE IS ANYONE :O WILL NOT ?9K ?AT ?AT MU* IS POSSIBLE4 ,ALONG CAME ! SUMM]1 WE W]E TOLD BY ONE OLD FRI5D1 & CONDITIONS )9 ! WORK%OP MADE WORK ON]\S4 ,!RE WAS A Z9C RO(1 9ADEQUATE V5TILATION &1 AS A RESULT1 ! HEAT GREW UNBE>ABLE4 ,:AT W\LD WE DO8 ,WORK ONLY DUR+ ! E>LY MORN+ H\RS8 ,MANY A ONE W\LD PREF] ANY?+ RA!R ?AN AN E>LY MORN+ />T4 ,%\LD SOME WORK ! MORN+S & O!RS ! EV5+S8 ,! NATURE ( ! WORK W\LD LIKELY REQUIRE ?AT !Y ALL WORK ! SAME H\RS4 ,!Y W\LD HAVE TO COME TO SOME >RANGEM5T1 OR DEF] TO SOME SORT ( DIRECTION4 

,! ANSW]1 !N1 IS SIMPLE4 ,! FIR/ ?+ TO BE DONE W\LD BE TO ALT] ! CONDITIONS )9 ! WORK%OP1 V5TILAT+ IT1 PREV5T+ ! 5TRY ( ! SUN'S RAYS &1 9 %ORT1 SORT+ EV]Y?+ \T SO ?AT ! WORK MI<T BE C>RI$ \T UND] GOOD CONDITIONS4 ,EV]YONE1 SURELY1 W\LD BE 9 AGREEM5T ) ?AT >RANGEM5T4 ,?AT DONE1 ! MATT] IS NO LONG] S]I\S4 ,IF ! NATURE ( ! TASK ALL[S1 ! IMM$IATE SOLUTION IS = EV]YBODY TO AGREE TO WORK DUR+ ! E>LY H\RS ( ! MORN+ & 9 ! LAT] EV5+4 ,BECAUSE1 ASSUM+ ?AT !Y ALL HAVE A P]SONAL 9T]E/ 9 SUPPORT+ ! ASSOCIATION 9 C>RY+ \T ITS TASKS1 & !RE IS NO D5Y+ ?AT !Y DO1 !RE CAN BE NO QUE/ION BUT ?AT !Y W\LD ALL DEF] TO & ALL ACCEPT SOME SMALL SACRIFICE4 

,9 ! 5D1 ! ISSUE IS ( SO LITTLE ACC\NT ?AT ONE WAY OR ANO!R ! REQUISITE AGREEM5T W\LD HAVE TO BE REA*$4 ,9 ?IS 9/ANCE PUTT+ MATT]S TO A VOTE W\LD RESOLVE NO?+4 ,:AT !Y >E COMPELL$ TO DO TODAY BY !IR BOSS1 W\LD !Y NOT HAVE TO DO 9 !IR V]Y [N 9T]E/S8 ,IT %\LD BE BORNE 9 M9D ?AT ! APPETITE = WORK & SACRIFICE IS NEV] GREAT] ?AN :5 ONE'S [N 9T]E/S >E AT /AKE4 ,LET US TAKE ! CASE ( A HAT-MAK]S' ASSOCIATION4 ,IMAG9E A FACTORY1 

,TAKE A FACTORY = EXAMPLE1 A WORK%OP GIV5 OV] TO ! MANUFACTURE ( HATS & F\ND$1 RUN & MANAG$ ALONG ! SAME L9ES AS ?AT F\NDRY4 ,LET US IMAG9E ?AT ! P>TN]S HAVE URG5T NE$ ( A MA*9E TO SIMPLIFY !IR OP]ATIONS & 9VITE ! ME*ANICS TO COME UP ) ! NEW APP>ATUS !Y WANT4 ,LET US IMAG9E ?AT !Y >E (F]$ A RANGE ( MA*9ES FROM :I* !Y MU/ SELECT ONE & GIVE IT PREF]5CE OV] ! RE/4 ,IT IS1 WE HAVE BE5 TOLD1 9EVITABLE ?AT !Y WILL HAVE TO DEF] TO ! WI%ES ( ! MAJORITY6 ,NOT AT ALL4 

,! SOLUTION1 AS EV]Y ONE ( ! P>TN]S W\LD IMM$IATELY APPRECIATE1 W\LD BE TO DEPLOY ALL ( ! MA*9E OPTIONS PRES5T$ & TRY !M \T4 ,:Y W\LD MAJORITY RULE COME 9TO IT :5 IT COMES TO ! ACT ( *OOS+8 ,EXP]I5CE1 TRIAL & ]ROR WILL 9DICATE :I* OPTION IS TO BE PREF]R$4 ,& IF IT %\LD /ILL BE ! CASE ?AT TWO OR MORE ( ! MA*9ES >E RANK$ MORE OR LESS EQUALLY1 !RE IS /ILL ! SOLUTION ( TRY+ !M \T OV] A LONG] P]IOD ( TIME UNTIL IT BECOMES PLA9 :I* ONE (F]S ! MO/ ADVANTAGES OR IF !Y W\LD BO? S]VE EQUALLY WELL4 ,?IS IS :AT ! PRACTICE IS !SE DAYS1 SO :Y W\LD IT NOT CONT9UE 9 ! FUTURE8 

,9 %ORT1 !RE IS NO QUE/ION BUT ?AT 9 ! FUTURE OP]ATIONAL PROBLEMS WILL >ISE ?AT TRIAL & ]ROR WILL NOT BE ABLE TO RESOLVE4 ,& !N :AT DO WE DO8 ,WELL1 QUITE SIMPLY1 BREAK UP ! TEAMS SO ?AT EA* CAN OP]ATE BY ITS [N SPECIAL ME?OD2 &1 W]E ! MATT] SU* ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO M]IT 9 SUBDIVISION OR IF IT WAS NECESS>Y = ALL ! P]SONNEL TO /AY TOGE!R AS A BODY1 !Y W\LD ( C\RSE ALL >RANGE TO BE GUID$ EI!R BY ! VIEWS ( ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T AMONG !M OR BY ?AT ( ! MO/ PRACTICAL ( !IR NUMB] & - %\LD ?AT FAIL - ULTIMATELY1 BY ! OP9ION ( ! MAJORITY1 BECAUSE 9 ?AT ASSUR$LY EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCE1 ! ISSUE W\LD NOT RANK AS A G5]ALLY M&ATORY PR9CIPLE OR LAW TO BE C>RI$ \T & W\LD C>RY NONE ( ! COMPULSION WE F9D AT PRES5T4 ,BESIDES1 IT W\LD BE M]ELY A TRANSITIONAL >RANGEM5T ) NO IMPLICATIONS = ! RE/ ( ! BODY ( SOCIETY AS LONG AS IT DID NOT GO BEYOND PRIVATE OP]ATIONS OR ! BAILIWICK ( ! SPECIFIC COLLECTIVE IMPLEM5T+ IT ON A REGUL> BASIS4 

,N[ LET US APPLY ! SAME ANALYSIS TO MORE TRANSC5D5TAL EXAMPLES4 

,H[ >E F>M]S GO+ TO COME TO AGREEM5T OV] ! CULTIVATION ( ! SOIL8 ,:O IS GO+ TO CONC5TRATE ON ! RUNN+ ( TRA9S1 ORGANIZ+ COMMUNICATIONS & TRANSPORT S]VICES8 ,H[ IS WORK TO BE %>$ \T & :O WILL APPO9T ! TE*NICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE /AFF8 ,& H[ >E MATT]S ( $UCATION1 ASSI/ANCE & SECURITY TO BE H&L$8 

,!SE >E QUE/IONS WE CAN WRIGGLE \T ( ANSW]+ BECAUSE 9 ACTUAL FACT WE CANNOT BE ASK$ TO DET]M9E 9 ADVANCE EV]Y JOT & TITTLE ( :AT SOCIAL LIV+ WILL BE LIKE 9 ! FUTURE4 

,IS !RE ANY REAL PROBLEM ) ANSW]+ !M1 ?\<1 :5 WE HAVE ALREADY LAID D[N ! G5]AL PR9CIPLE UPON :I* ! BODY ( SOCIETY MU/1 AS A MATT] ( LOGIC1 BE F\ND$8 

,= ONE ?+1 LET US PO9T \T ?AT1 JU/ AS MATT]S M$ICAL1 ME*ANICAL1 >*ITECTURAL & MANY ANO!R >E NOT SUBJECT TO MAJORITY RULE1 SO MATT]S AGRICULTURAL1 ECONOMICAL & 1 BASICALLY1 ANY O!RS RELAT+ TO MAN'S EXI/5CE %\LD NOT BE SUBJECT TO SU* RULE EI!R2 9/EAD1 SU* MATT]S1 JU/ LIKE ! ONES WE FIR/ M5TION$1 %\LD BE 5TRU/$ TO P]SONS WELL V]S$ 9 ! >EA1 TO EXP]T P]SONNEL1 ) ! G5]AL /IPULATION ?AT !SE BE SUBJECT TO CRITICISM & ANALYSIS FROM ?OSE REQUIR$ TO ACT UPON !IR ADVICE OR PRESCRIPTIONS4 

,JU/ AS WE TAKE ! DOCTOR'S OP9ION AT FACE VALUE1 ALBEIT RES]V+ \R RI<T TO REPUDIATE IT & FOLL[ ! OP9ION ( SOMEONE WE DEEM MORE COMPET5T1 SO 9 O!R MATT]S TOO WE CAN EMBRACE ! VIEWS ( ! EXP]TS1 :IL/1 H[EV]1 RES]V+ \R RI<T TO DROP !M 9 FAVOR ( O!RS :O MI<T /RIKE US AS NE>] ! M>K4 

,9 MATT]S AGRICULTURAL1 = 9/ANCE1 IT IS = ! EXP]T1 ! AGRONOMI/ TO DECIDE :AT SORT ( CULTIVATION IS APPROPRIATE = EA* TRACT1 H[ IT %\LD BE/ BE WORK$1 :I* F]TILIZ]S >E TO BE PREF]R$4 ,IT FOLL[S ?AT ?OSE TO :OM IT FALLS TO S]VE 9 ?AT EXP]T CAPACITY MU/ JO9 ! F>M+ ASSOCIATIONS4 ,:]E ELSE W\LD !Y GO8 

,D\BT MAY BE CA/ UPON ! READ9ESS ( ! PEASANTS TO ACCEPT !IR CONTRIBUTION1 & \R ANSW] TO ?AT IS ?AT ?AT W\LD C]TA9LY BE A MATT] ( REGRET1 BUT ?AT IT W\LD HAVE TO BE LEFT TO TIME TO ]ADICATE ! CONC]NS 5G5D]$ BY SOCIETY'S PRES5T /ATUS1 CONC]NS UTT]LY EXTRANE\S TO ! SOCIETY WE HAVE 9 M9D4 

,BE ?AT AS IT MAY1 ! TASK ( ?OSE ) EXP]TIZE 9 F>M+ W\LD BE TO W9 ACCEPTANCE FROM ?OSE CURR5TLY B]EFT ( ALL EXP]TIZE2 WE ALREADY KN[ ! HUGE POT5TIAL ( ! EXP]T IF HE P]SI/S 9 US+ SOLICITUDE & EXP]I5CE TO W9 PEOPLE OV]4 ,ALSO1 EV5 %\LD ! PEASANTS MAKE !IR [N WAY )\T ANY \TSIDE ADVICE1 IF AN AGRONOMI/'S ADVICE CAN BE SO DESCRIB$1 IT W\LD C]TA9LY NOT 5T] !IR HEADS TO PUT MATT]S RELAT+ TO F>M+ & CULTIVATION ( ! SOIL TO A MAJORITY VOTE4 ,EV5 BY CURR5T /&>DS1 !Y HAVE 5\< EXP]TIZE TO USEFULLY DIRECT !IR EF=TS 9 :AT IS !IR CON/ANT UND]TAK+4 

,:5 IT COMES TO ! OP]ATION ( ! RAILWAYS & COMMUNICATIONS-TRANSPORT S]VICES1 IT SEEMS TO US ?AT S9CE EA* PRODUC] CANNOT HAVE A TRA9 AT HIS BECK & CALL1 SU* S]VICES >E GO+ TO HAVE TO BE MANAG$ BY ! GR\PS *>G$ ) !M & TAILOR$ TO G5]AL REQUIREM5TS4 ,AS EV]1 GIV5 !IR EXP]TIZE 9 ! >EA & 9 ! 9=MATION ?R[N UP BY /ATI/ICS1 TE*NICAL /AFF WILL SEE TO IT ?AT ?+S >E H&L$ 9 SU* A WAY AS TO MEET ?OSE G5]AL REQUIREM5TS4 ,WE WILL BE TOLD ?AT !RE IS A PREF]5CE 9 ?AT :I* CONF]S UPON ?AT MAJORITY C]TA9 RI<TS ABOVE & BEYOND ! RE/ ( SOCIETY2 BUT ?IS IS A PREF]5CE :I* DOES NOT APPLY WILLY-NILLY TO EV]Y :IM ( ?AT MAJORITY1 BUT IS A REASONABLE PREF]5CE TO :I* NONE MAY TAKE EXCEPTION 9 ?IS DAY & AGE4 

,WE /ILL RECKON ?AT MAN IS 9 ACTUAL FACT NEV] 5TIRELY FREE1 BUT1 AS ,PI Y ,M>GALL HAS PUT IT1 IS 5 R\TE TO BECOM+ SO4 ,WE SEEK COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ACTION1 & :5 WE SAY COMPLETE1 WE MEAN )\T LIMITS O!R ?AN NATURAL LIMITS & NONE ( ! FICTITI\S LIMITS ?AT MAN SETS = HIMSELF AT PRES5T4 

,?AT MAN CANNOT FLY IS A NATURAL FACT1 9 ?AT HE IS NOT SUITABLY EQUIPP$ TO DO SO1 SO IT W\LD BE LAU<ABLE TO LOBBY = HIM TO HAVE ! FRE$OM TO SO> ?R\< ! CL\DS4 ,!RE W\LD BE A CASE IF ! TIME %\LD COME :5 HE HAD ! MEANS TO FLY & IF !RE WAS SOME >TIFICIAL OB/ACLE PREV5T+ HIM FROM DO+ SO4 ,SIMIL>LY1 MAN DOES NOT YET POSSESS ! MEANS TO BE ABLE TO TRAVEL AS & H[ HE PLEASES1 SO IT IS RIDICUL\S RAIS+ QUE/IONS AB\T HIS GREAT] OR LESS] FRE$OM = HE SIMPLY CANNOT DO IT4 ,HAD MAN SU* MEANS1 !RE W\LD BE NO CONTE/1 BECAUSE !N1 9 ?IS AS 9 EV]Y?+ ELSE1 EA* MAN W\LD BE FREE TO DO AS HE PLEAS$1 ) PREJUDICE TO NONE & )\T HAV+ TO DEF] TO ANY 

BODY1 :E!R HE BELONG$ TO ! MAJORITY OR NOT4 ,MATT]S RELAT+ TO $UCATION1 9SURANCE & ASSI/ANCE W\LD HAVE TO BE RESOLV$ ! SAME WAY4 ,EA* COLLECTIVE W\LD RESORT TO ONE OR MORE APPROA*ES & TRIAL & ]ROR W\LD SEE TO ! ELIM9ATION ( ! 9EFFECTIVE & H>MFUL ONES4 ,IF ! TEA*+ BODY WAS NOT ( ONE M9D 9 AN >EA1 SAY1 EA* P]SON OR GR\P W\LD /RIVE TO APPLY HIS_/!IR P>TICUL> ME?ODS1 BR++ =? GOOD 9/EAD ( BAD4 ,IF ANY DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION HAD TO BE RESOLV$ BY ! MAJORITY :I*1 BE+ OMNISCI5T IS ALL-COMPET5T1 !N IT W\LD BE WOR? DISP5S+ ) TEA*]S BECAUSE !IR EXP]TIZE W\LD C\NT = NO?+ ALONGSIDE ! BL9D WILL ( A H&FUL ( M54 ,IF ! RESID5TS ( SOME CITY C\LD NOT SEE EYE TO EYE OV] ASSI/ANCE & 9SURANCE AGA9/ UN=ESE5 ACCID5TS1 :E!R D]IV+ FROM NATURE OR FROM MAN1 !RE W\LD LIKEWISE BE NO REASON TO RESORT TO MAJORITY RULE :I* W\LD PRODUCE RESULTS H]E AS BAD AS IT DOES 9 ! FIELD ( POLITICS4 ,EV]Y P>TN] W\LD ALWAYS BE FREE1 EI!R ON HIS [N OR 9 CONC]T ) O!RS1 TO DO AS HE SAW FIT4 ,ONCE AGA91 TRIAL & ]ROR W\LD AT ALL TIMES %[ UP ! EFFECTIV5ESS ( ONE >RANGEM5T & ! 9EFFECTUALITY ( A RIVAL ONE4 

,& :AT ( ! DI/RIBUTION & RECOMP5SE ( LABOR8 WE WILL BE ASK$4 ,H[ WILL A TRAD+ OR 9DU/RIAL CONC]N SU* AS ! ONE CIT$ AT ! />T ( ?IS ANALYSIS GO AB\T ! ALLOCATION ( WORK8 ,H[ WILL ?AT WORK BE REW>D$8 ,:Y1 9 ACCORDANCE ) A CONTRACT4 ,NO MORE1 NO LESS4 ,SO MU* = LIFE 9 ! FUTURE4 ,EA* PRODUC] ASSOCIATION WILL HAVE ALL !SE ?+S SET \T 9 A CONTRACT 9 ADVANCE4 ,COMMUNI/1 COLLECTIVI/ OR MUTUALI/ >RANGEM5TS CAN BE PROP]LY PUT 9TO PRACTICAL EFFECT4 ,WON'T ! P>TN]S BE 5TITL$ TO DO JU/ ?AT8 ,WILL !Y NOT HAVE A COMPLETELY FREE H& TO PROCE$ AS !Y SEE FIT8 ,APPLICATION ( RULE BY MAJORITY H]E W\LD HAVE DAMAG+ IMPLICATIONS4 ,9 A HAT-MAK+ FACTORY !RE W\LD BE NO >GUM5T OV] :O DOES ! METALWORK & :O DOES ! IRON+4 ,WELL ! SAME W\LD APPLY TO O!R TRADES AS WELL1 BECAUSE 9 PRACTICE1 WORK+ LIFE IS NOT SOME METAPHYSICAL PURSUIT BEYOND M]E MORTALS BUT SOME?+ REAL 9 :I* EV]YONE HAS A SAY4 ,!RE WILL BE DIFF]5T RATES ( PAY S9CE ACC\NT MAY BE TAK5 9 ONE CONTEXT ( 9DIVIDUAL EF=T1 :]EAS 9 A DIFF]5T CONTEXT ?AT WILL NOT BE ! CASE4 ,:]E P]SONAL EF=T IS TAK5 9TO ACC\NT1 IT W\LD TAKE ONLY A /RAI<T=W>D PACT1 A CONTRACT1 TO IRON \T ANY ISSUES4 ,9 %ORT1 ALL \R BUS9ESS W\LD BE SORT$ \T BY MEANS ( SIMPLE AGREEM5TS & IT WILL NOT TAKE MU* BE=E WE >E APPLY+ TO WORK ?AT :I* IS APPLI$ 9 MA!MATICS PROP]4 ,GO VISIT ! WORK%OPS & ! WORK]S WILL TELL Y\ :E!R SU* AGREEM5TS >E FEASIBLE OR NOT4 

,! SAME WILL APPLY :]E NO ACC\NT IS TAK5 ( 9DIVIDUAL EF=T BUT :]E ATT5TION IS PAID TO NE$S 7COMMUNISM74 ,! BASIS ( ! RECOMP5SE ( LABOR OR ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS WILL /ILL BE ! COMPACT & ! MUTUAL >RANGEM5T REA*$ 9 ADVANCE4 

,:I* /ILL LEAVES ! ?ORNY ISSUE ( TE*NICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE /AFF4 ,NO TRAD+ OR 9DU/RIAL COMPANY HAS EV] BE5 KN[N TO APPO9T ITS CA%I] BY MAJORITY VOTE1 ANY MORE ?AN ITS BOOK-KEEP] OR !IR ASSI/ANTS4 ,! LAW ( NUMB]S IS A LAW ?AT DOES NOT APPLY \TSIDE ( POLITICAL SOCIETIES OR SOCIETIES :I* >E NOT POLITICAL BUT :I* >E \T TO APE !M4 ,)9 EA* COLLECTIVE1 EV]Y P]SON HAS BE5 ALLOCAT$ A FUNCTION ON ! BASIS ( HIS APTITUDES & ABILITIES4 ,&1 %\LD !RE BE MORE P]SONS SUIT$ TO A P>TICUL> FUNCTION ?AN >E REQUIR$ 9 ANY COLLECTIVE1 SOME >E GO+ TO HAVE TO MAKE DO ) P]=M+ SOME O!R ROLE OR QUIT ! COLLECTIVE4 ,! NE$S ( PRODUCTION W\LD !N1 AS EV]1 GOV]N H[ WORK IS DI/RIBUT$4 ,ON PA9 ( SUICIDE1 M5 W\LD AGREE TO C>RY \T ?OSE DUTIES MO/ CRITICALLY IMPORTANT = G5]AL EXI/5CE4 

,ALL ( ! ISSUES ?AT MI<T /ACK UP >\ND ! FUTURE EVAPORATE LIKE SMOKE 9 FACE ( ! *AOS AT PRES5T 444 ,! ?\S&S ( WORK]S P]I%+ 9 POV]TY >E NOT IDLE BECAUSE ( SOME LAU<ABLE PREF]5CE = ?IS FUNCTION OV] SOME O!R FUNCTION4 ,W]E !Y ABLE TO ANSW] ! CALL ( !IR NE$S1 !Y W\LD GLADLY TURN !IR H& TO ANY TRADE 9 RETURN = A LIVELIHOOD4 

,WE SEE NO NE$ = FUR!R EXAMPLES4 ,LOTS ( ASSOCIATIONS TODAY LIVE )\T GOV]NORS & )\T VOT+4 ,:AT HOLDS TRUE ) REG>D TO A GIV5 NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS HOLDS TRUE ALSO = AN EV5 BIGG] NUMB] )9 A UNIT4 ,:AT HOLDS TRUE = ?IS LATT] EXAMPLE IS EQUALLY TRUE IF A FUR!R UNIT IS ADD$ ON4 ,& REG>DLESS ( ! NUMB]S ( P]SONS 9VOLV$4 ,SU* IS MA!MATICS4 

,! EXI/5CE ( JU/ ONE GR\P ( PEOPLE1 SURVIV+ )\T VOTES & GOV]NM5T >RANGEM5TS1 IS PRO( ?AT SOCIETY AS A :OLE CAN SURVIVE )\T GOV]NORS & )\T VOT+1 PRO( ?AT \R >GUM5T IS NO UTOPIA1 NO IMPOSSIBLE DREAM1 S9CE IT ALL BOILS D[N TO A G5]AL APPLICATION ( ! PRACTICALITIES ( A SPECIFIC EXP]I5CE4 

,V,I,I,I -- ,AGA9/ DIVISIVE1 CO]CIVE AU?ORITY3 ! UNFETT]$ EX]CISE ( 9TELLIG5CE AS A CREATIVE1 ORGANIZ+ 9FLU5CE 

,& /ILL1 9 A LA/ DIT* EF=T1 !RE WILL BE SOMEONE :O WILL PIPE UP & ASK3 ,WON'T EA* & EV]Y ONE ( ?OSE ADM9I/RATORS BE A BOSS8 ,WON'T EA* & EV]Y ONE ( ?OSE TE*NICAL DIRECTORS BE A NEW MA/]8 ,WON'T EA* & EV]Y ONE ( ?OSE ASSOCIATIONS NOT CON/ITUTE A FRE% AU?ORITY VY+ ) O!R AU?ORITIES8 ,Y\'RE TE>+ D[N ONE SET ( AU?ORITIES & CONJUR+ UP A FRE% SET6 

,AN ADM9I/RATOR OR A DIRECTOR-FACILITATOR C\NT = NO MORE & NO LESS ?AN WORK]S 9 \R EGALIT>IAN ORGANIZATION4 ,/RIPP$ ( ! PRIVILEGE ( [N]%IP1 RA!R ?AN OP]AT+ AS *IEFS1 !Y 5GAGE 9 ! WORK ( COOP]ATION1 = IT IS ! PRIVILEGE ( [N]%IP ?AT CONJURES UP & 5C\RAGES ! TYRANNY ( *IEFTA9%IP1 ! DESPOTISM ( ! MA/]4 ,DO AWAY ) PROP]TY & ALL AU?ORIT>IAN SUPREMACY IS R5D]$ IMPOSSIBLE4 ,DO AWAY ) GOV]NM5T & LIKEWISE ALL ( ! PRIVILEGE ( APPROPRIATION EVAPORATES4 

,?IS APPLIES EQUALLY TO PRODUC] ASSOCIATIONS4 

,B]EFT ( EXCLUSIVE [N]%IP ( ?+S & ( ! AU?ORITY & =CE REQUIR$ 9 ORD] TO IMPOSE !IR WILL1 LIFE W\LD ( NECESSITY BOIL D[N TO COOP]AT+ ) O!R ASSOCIATIONS 9 ! ORD]LY & SMOO? PURSUIT ( ! PURPOSES %>$ BY !M ALL4 ,JU/ AS EV]Y P]SON NE$S ! LABORS ( ! RE/ 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE1 SO EA* GR\P ALSO NE$S ! LABORS ( O!R GR\PS BE=E IT CAN OP]ATE SMOO?LY4 ,NO ASSOCIATION IS GO+ TO BE ABLE TO SURVIVE ON ITS [N \TPUT ALONE2 IT WILL1 RA!R1 HAVE NE$ ( A HO/ ( ?+S :I* HE O!R ASSOCIATIONS MU/ SUPPLY4 ,READY AGREEM5T WILL BE ! ONLY WAY 9 :I* ! RECIPROCAL RELATIONS & EX*ANGES )\T :I* LIFE IS NOT A POSSIBILITY1 N[ OR EV]1 CAN BE E/ABLI%$4 

,SO LET US CA/ ASIDE A WORLD ( >TIFICIAL AU?ORITIES CONJUR$ UP & SU/A9$ BY =CE & UPON ! RU9S ( ?AT WORLD BUILD A WORLD ( FRE$OM ) ALL ITS NATURAL IMPLICATIONS1 9CLUD+ 44 :Y NOT ADMIT IT8 444 ! FREELY ACCEPT$ 9FLU5CE & AU?ORITY ( WISDOM & VIRTUE1 9 ?AT WE >E NOT \T TO DE/ROY ! IMP]I%ABLE 9 ,NATURE1 BUT ONLY ?AT :I* HAS BE5 CONJUR$ UP BY MAN & :I* B9DS HIM H& & FOOT TO ! PHONY BELIEF ?AT1 9 ! ABS5CE ( SUPREMACY ( =CE OR NUMB]S1 SOCIAL LIFE WAS NOT POSSIBLE4 ,WE >E \T TO DE/ROY1 NOT ?AT :I* IS IMPLICIT 9 PEOPLE'S LIV+ 9 COMMUNION ) ONE ANO!R1 BUT ! EXT5T TO :I* PEOPLE1 9 !IR E>LY BEG9N+S & AS P>T ( !IR ANIMAL NATURE1 WAG$ CONT9UAL & UNREL5T+ W> 9 ORD] TO EMB$ ! PRIVILEGES ( WEAL? & ! OV]:ELM+ =CE ( ALL ! P[]S-?AT-BE1 BE !Y RELIGI\S1 POLITICAL1 MILIT>Y OR LEGAL4 ,WE >E NOT LAY+ ! F\NDATIONS ( A NEW WORLD ( NEW P[]S-?AT-BE1 BECAUSE WE AF=D ! SCI5TI/ NO =MAL & UN*ALL5GEABLE AU?ORITY2 BECAUSE WE >E NOT F\ND+ SOME BRA9S TRU/1 LET ALONE A COMPANY ( SA9TS TO GOV]N US4 ,WE DO EMBRACE1 :5EV] WE FEEL IT IS RI<T1 ! VIEWS ( ?OSE BE/ EQUIPP$ BY $UCATION OR EXP]I5CE1 JU/ AS WE HOPE ?AT1 LIKEWISE1 \R [N VIEWS WILL BE ACCEPT$ & WE >E \T TO BR+ KN[L$GE ( SCI5CE TO ALL M51 EXCLUD+ NONE1 SO AS TO R5D] ANY VE/IGE ( P]SONAL S]VITUDE ?AT MU* MORE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,9 %ORT1 WE /RIVE = ! COMPLETE EMANCIPATION ( BODY & M9D1 OR1 AS A BELIEV] MI<T PUT IT1 = ! ROOT-&-BRAN* EMANCIPATION ( MATT] & SPIRIT4 ,BUT JU/ AS WE CANNOT ESCAPE ! PHYSICAL LAWS BY :I* WE >E B\ND1 9DE$1 REAL HUMAN PROGRESS MEANS SELF-EMANCIPATION FROM ALL LAW1 EV5 ! LAWS ( ,NATURE1 SO NEI!R CAN WE CRUDELY DISMISS ! C\NSEL ( SCI5CE & SAGE4 ,EV5 :5 WE MAKE A REAL EF=T TO EMANCIPATE \RSELVES ?R\< \R KN[L$GE ( ! =M] & ANY SWAY EX]CIS$ BY ! LATT]4 ,\R ULTRA-MAT]IALI/ \TLOOK PROMPTS US TO ?9K ( MAN AS BE+ B\ND BY PHYSICAL LAWS1 BUT WE ALWAYS /RIVE AGA9/ ! H>M !Y DO TO HIM1 BY BREAK+ FREE ( ! V]Y SAME BONDS & TRY+ ALWAYS TO R$EEM \RSELVES BY MEANS ( REBELLION & WISDOM FROM ! BRUTALITY ( ANY =CE AFFECT+ HIM4 ,SO H[ LIKELY >E WE TO ACCEPT ! AU?ORITY ( ANY MAN AS 9FALLIBLE & UN*ALL5GEABLE8 ,HIS ADVICE IS1 AS F> AS WE >E CONC]N$1 M]E LOOSE *ANGE1 JU/ AS IT IS TODAY = $UCAT$ FOLK1 FOLK :O HAVE AB&ON$ ALL BELIEF 9 9FALLIBILITY ( ANY SORT4 

0,:5 IT COMES TO %OES0 - ,BAKUN9 SAID1 & LET US CLOSE ) HIS QUOTATION FROM HIM - 0,I TURN TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! %OEMAK]2 9 EV]Y?+ HAV+ TO DO ) BUILD+S1 CANALS OR RAILWAYS1 ,I SEEK \T ?AT ( ! >*ITECT OR 5G9E]4 ,= EV]Y SPECIALI/ SCI5CE ,I LOOK TO SU*-&-SU* A MAN ( LE>N+4 ,BUT ,I DO NOT CONS5T TO ! %OE-MAK]1 ! >*ITECT OR ! LE>N$ MAN =C+ !IR AU?ORITY UPON ME4 ,I ACCEPT !M FREELY & ) AS MU* RESPECT AS !Y DES]VE 9 T]MS ( !IR 9TELLECT & !IR *>ACT]1 !IR KN[L$GE1 BUT AT ALL TIMES ,I RES]VE MY 9CONTROV]TIBLE RI<T TO CRITICIZE & C5SURE4 ,I CONSULT NOT ONE BUT SEV]AL AU?ORITIES ON A GIV5 ISSUE2 ,I COMP>E !IR OP9IONS & 9 ! 5D ,I *OOSE ! ONES ?AT /RIKE ME AS BE+ MO/ RI<T4 ,= ?AT V]Y REASON & EV5 9 RELATION TO SPECIAL MATT]S ,I RECOGNIZE NO 9FALLIBLE AU?ORITY3 NO RESPECT ?AT ,I MAY HAVE = ! AU?ORITY & HONE/Y ( ?IS P]SON OR ?AT CAN 9DUCE ME TO PLACE ABSOLUTE FAI? 9 HIM4 ,SU* FAI? W\LD BE FATAL TO MY REASON1 MY LIB]TY & 9DE$ TO ! C\RSE ( MY ?9K+2 ,I W\LD IMM$IATELY BE TURN$ 9TO A DULL-WITT$ SLAVE1 A M]E 9/RUM5T ( ! WILL & 9T]E/S ( O!RS4 

,IF ,I DEF] TO ! AU?ORITY ( ANO!R 9 RESPECT ( A GIV5 MATT] & SOMEH[1 9S(> AS IT /RIKES ME ?AT ,I NE$ TO1 ABIDE BY HIS GUIDEL9ES & 9DE$ DIRECTION1 ?IS IS BECAUSE SU* AU?ORITY IS NOT FOI/$ UPON ME BY ANYBODY1 ,GOD OR MAN4 ,O!RWISE ,I W\LD %UN IT1 A<A/1 & TO ! DEVIL ) !IR ADVICE1 DIRECTION & S]VICES1 C]TA9 ?AT ,I %\LD HAVE TO PAY ! PRICE = ANY SU* GLIMM]S ( TRU?1 WRAPP$ 9 A HO/ ( FALSEHOODS AS !Y MI<T (F] ME1 9 T]MS ( ! LOSS ( MY LIB]TY & SELF-RESPECT4 

,IF ,I DEF] TO ! AU?ORITY ( ANO!R 9 RESPECT ( A GIV5 MATT] & SOMEH[1 9S(> AS IT /RIKES ME ?AT ,I NE$ TO1 ABIDE BY HIS GUIDEL9ES & 9DE$ DIRECTION1 ?IS IS BECAUSE SU* AU?ORITY IS NOT FOI/$ UPON ME BY ANYBODY1 ,GOD OR MAN4 ,O!RWISE ,I W\LD %UN IT1 A<A/1 & TO ! DEVIL ) !IR ADVICE1 DIRECTION & S]VICES1 C]TA9 ?AT ,I %\LD HAVE TO PAY ! PRICE = ANY SU* GLIMM]S ( TRU?1 WRAPP$ 9 A HO/ ( FALSEHOODS AS !Y MI<T (F] ME1 9 T]MS ( ! LOSS ( MY LIB]TY & SELF-RESPECT4 

,I DEF] TO \TSIDE AU?ORITY 9 C]TA9 MATT]S BECAUSE !Y >E NOT IMPOS$ UPON ME BY ANY?+ O!R ?AN MY [N REASON & BECAUSE ,I AM CONSCI\S ?AT ,I CANNOT POSSIBLY HAVE A GRASP UPON MU* ( HUMAN KN[L$GE 9 ITS EV]Y DETAIL & 9 ITS FULL EXT5T4 ,EV5 ! GREATE/ 9DIVIDUAL 9TELLIG5CE CANNOT COMPETE ) COLLECTIVE REASON :5 IT COMES TO 9TELLIG5CE4 ,?IS BE+ :Y1 9 SCI5CE AS 9 9DU/RY ALIKE1 ! DIVISION & AMALGAMATION ( EF=TS >E A NECESSITY4 ,GIVE & TAKE1 ?AT IS :AT HUMAN LIFE IS ALL AB\T4 ,EV]YONE LEAD+ & BE+ L$ 9 TURN4 ,?IS BE+ :Y !RE IS NO FIX$ & CON/ANT AU?ORITY1 BUT RA!R A CONT9UAL EX*ANGE ( AU?ORITY & MUTUAL SUBORD9ATION :I* IS TEMPOR>Y & ABOVE ALL1 VOLUNT>Y4 

,ON ! V]Y SAME GR\NDS ,I AM PREV5T$ FROM ACKN[L$G+ ANY FIX$1 CON/ANT & UNIV]SAL AU?ORITY1 BECAUSE !RE IS NO ONE 9 ! WORLD CAPABLE ( EMBRAC+ ALL ! WEAL? ( DETAIL 9 EV]Y SCI5CE & 9 EV]Y REALM ( ! LIFE ( SOCIETY1 )\T :I* ! APPLICATION ( SCI5CE TO LIFE IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,& %\LD SOMEONE1 RID+ R\<%OD OV] ?IS1 SEEK TO IMPOSE HIS AU?ORITY UPON HIS FELL[ M51 SU* A CREATURE W\LD HAVE TO BE BANI%$ FROM SOCIETY BECAUSE HIS AU?ORITY W\LD 9EVITABLY R$UCE HIS FELL[S TO SLAVI%NESS & IMBECILITY4 ,NOT ?AT ,I ?9K ?AT SOCIETY %\LD MI/REAT M5 ( TAL5T1 AS ACTUALLY OCCURS AT PRES5T2 BUT ,I DO NOT BELIEVE1 EI!R1 ?AT IT %\LD TAKE ITS 9DULG5CE ( !M TO SU* L5G?S1 LET ALONE GRANT !M EXCLUSIVE PRIVILEGES OR RI<TS :ATEV] !SE MAY BE1 & ON ?REE GR\NDS3 FIR/1 BECAUSE A *>LATAN MI<T (T5 BE MI/AK5 = A G5IUS2 SECOND1 BECAUSE1 UND] SU* A SY/EM ( PRIVILEGE1 A REAL SAGE MI<T BE TURN$ 9TO A *>LATAN2 & ?IRD1 BECAUSE IT W\LD BE TANTAM\NT TO SOCIETY'S APPO9T+ ITSELF A MA/]4 

,BUT :IL/ WE REJECT ! ABSOLUTE1 UNIV]SAL & 9FALLIBLE AU?ORITY ( M5 ( SCI5CE1 WE WILL+LY DEF] TO ! V5]ABLE1 ?\< RELATIVE1 TEMPOR>Y & LIMIT$ AU?ORITY ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! SPECIAL SCI5CES1 = WE C\LD DO NO BETT] ?AN REF] TO EA* 9 TURN1 PLAC+ MU* /ORE BY ! PRECI\S REPORTS !Y SUPPLY TO US1 PROVID$ ?AT !Y WILL+LY RECEIVE \R ON EV]Y OCCASION & 9 RELATION TO EV]Y MATT] 9 :I* \R COMPET5CY MAY EXCE$ !IR [N4 ,BROADLY SPEAK+1 !RE IS NO?+ BETT] ?AN ! SI<T ( M5 5D[$ ) GREAT KN[L$GE1 GREAT EXP]I5CE1 GREAT 9TELLECTS & ABOVE ALL1 BIG HE>TS1 WIELD+ LEGITIMATE1 NATURAL 9FLU5CE OV] US TO :I* WE FREELY SURR5D] & :I* IS NEV] IMPOS$ 9 ! NAME ( ANY AU?ORITY1 BE IT DIV9E OR HUMAN4 ,WE ACCEPT ALL NATURAL AU?ORITIES & ALL 9FLU5CES DE FACTO1 BUT NONE DE JURE2 ANY =MALLY IMPOS$ DE JURE AU?ORITY OR 9FLU5CE TURNS DIRECTLY 9TO OPPRESSION & FALSEHOOD 1 DELIV]+ US UP 9EVITABLY1 AS ,I BELIEVE ,I HAVE %[N1 TO SLAV]Y & NONS5SE4 

,9 %ORT1 WE REJECT ALL LEGISLATION1 ALL AU?ORITY & ALL 9FLU5CE ?AT IS PRIVILEG$1 =MAL & LEGAL1 EV5 %\LD IT D]IVE FROM ! BALLOT BOX1 P]SUAD$ ?AT IT WILL NEV] PR(IT ANYONE O!R ?AN A RUL+1 EXPLOITATIVE M9ORITY TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! VA/ MAJORITY SUBJECT TO IT4 

,?IS BE+ ! S5SE 9 :I* WE REALLY >E AN>*I/S40 

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,JANU>Y #d1 #bbb 3 ,! ,LAW ( ,NUMB]S -- ,UPDAT$4 

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