,*APT] #e 
,CONTRADICTION ,BETWE5 ,\R ,LIFE ,& ,\R ,*RI/IAN ,CONSCI5CE 

#ahidahid 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LEO ,TOL/OY 

,TRANSLATOR 3 ,CON/ANCE ,CL>A ,G>NETT 

,TEXT 3 

,M5 ,?9K !Y CAN ,ACCEPT ,*RI/IANITY )\T ,ALT]+ !IR 

,LIFE--,PAGAN ,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE DOES NOT ,CORRESPOND ) ,PRES5T ,/AGE ( 

,DEVELOPM5T ( ,HUMANITY1 & ,*RI/IAN ,CONCEPTION ,ALONE ,CAN ,ACCORD ) 

IT--,*RI/IAN ,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE NOT YET ,UND]/OOD BY ,M51 BUT ! 

,PROGRESS ( ,LIFE ITSELF WILL ,LEAD !M ,9EVITABLY TO ,ADOPT IT--,! 

,REQUIREM5TS ( A ,NEW ,!ORY ( ,LIFE ,ALWAYS ,SEEM ,9COMPREH5SIBLE1 

,MY/IC1 & ,SUP]NATURAL--,SO ,SEEM ! ,REQUIREM5TS ( ! ,*RI/IAN 

,!ORY ( ,LIFE TO ! ,MAJORITY ( ,M5--,! ,ABSORPTION ( ! ,*RI/IAN 

,CONCEPTION ( ,LIFE WILL ,9EVITABLY BE ,BR\<T ,AB\T AS ! ,RESULT ( 

,MAT]IAL & ,SPIRITUAL ,CAUSES--,! ,FACT ( ,M5 ,KN[+ ! ,REQUIREM5TS 

( ! ,HI<] ,VIEW ( ,LIFE1 & YET ,CONT9U+ TO ,PRES]VE ,9F]IOR 

,ORGANIZATIONS ( ,LIFE1 ,LEADS TO ,CONTRADICTIONS & ,SUFF]+S :I* 

,EMBITT] ,EXI/5CE & ,MU/ ,RESULT 9 ITS ,TRANS=MATION--,! 

,CONTRADICTIONS ( \R ,LIFE--,! ,ECONOMIC ,CONTRADICTION & ! ,SUFF]+ 

,9DUC$ BY IT = ,RI* & ,POOR ,ALIKE--,! ,POLITICAL ,CONTRADICTION & 

! ,SUFF]+S ,9DUC$ BY ,OB$I5CE TO ! ,LAWS ( ! ,/ATE--,! 

,9T]NATIONAL ,CONTRADICTION & ! ,RECOGNITION ( IT BY ,CONTEMPOR>IES3 

,KOM>OVSKY1 ,F]RI1 ,BOO?1 ,PASSY1 ,LAWSON1 ,WILSON1 ,B>TLETT1 ,DEF\RNEY1 

,MONETA--,! ,/RIK+ ,*>ACT] ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,CONTRADICTION4 

,!RE >E MANY REASONS :Y ,*RI/'S TEA*+ IS NOT UND]/OOD4 
,ONE REASON IS ?AT PEOPLE SUPPOSE !Y HAVE UND]/OOD IT :5 
!Y HAVE DECID$1 AS ! ,*UR*M5 DO1 ?AT IT WAS REVEAL$ BY 
SUP]NATURAL MEANS1 OR :5 !Y HAVE /UDI$1 AS ! SCI5TIFIC 
M5 DO1 ! EXT]NAL =MS 9 :I* IT HAS BE5 MANIFE/$4 
,ANO!R REASON IS ! MI/AK5 NOTION ?AT IT IS IMPRACTICABLE1 
& \<T TO BE REPLAC$ BY ! DOCTR9E ( LOVE = HUMANITY4 
,BUT ! PR9CIPAL REASON1 :I* IS ! S\RCE ( ALL ! O!R 
MI/AK5 IDEAS AB\T IT1 IS ! NOTION ?AT ,*RI/IANITY IS A 
DOCTR9E :I* CAN BE ACCEPT$ OR REJECT$ )\T ANY *ANGE ( 
LIFE4 

,M5 :O >E US$ TO ! EXI/+ ORD] ( ?+S1 :O LIKE IT & 
DREAD ITS BE+ *ANG$1 TRY TO TAKE ! DOCTR9E AS A COLLECTION 
( REVELATIONS & RULES :I* ONE CAN ACCEPT )\T !IR 
MODIFY+ ONE'S LIFE4 ,:ILE ,*RI/'S TEA*+ IS NOT ONLY A 
DOCTR9E :I* GIVES RULES :I* A MAN MU/ FOLL[1 IT UNFOLDS A 
NEW MEAN+ 9 LIFE1 & DEF9ES A :OLE WORLD ( HUMAN ACTIVITY 
QUITE DIFF]5T FROM ALL ?AT HAS PREC$$ IT & APPROPRIATE TO 
! P]IOD ON :I* MAN IS 5T]+4 

,! LIFE ( HUMANITY *ANGES & ADVANCES1 LIKE ! LIFE ( ! 
9DIVIDUAL1 BY /AGES1 & EV]Y /AGE HAS A !ORY ( LIFE 
APPROPRIATE TO IT1 :I* IS 9EVITABLY ABSORB$ BY M54 ,?OSE :O 
DO NOT ABSORB IT CONSCI\SLY1 ABSORB IT UNCONSCI\SLY4 ,IT IS ! 
SAME ) ! *ANGES 9 ! BELIEFS ( PEOPLES & ( ALL 
HUMANITY AS IT IS ) ! *ANGES ( BELIEF ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IF 
! FA!R ( A FAMILY CONT9UES TO BE GUID$ 9 HIS CONDUCT BY 
HIS *ILDI% CONCEPTIONS ( LIFE1 LIFE BECOMES SO DIFFICULT = 
HIM ?AT HE 9VOLUNT>ILY SEEKS ANO!R PHILOSOPHY & READILY 
ABSORBS ?AT :I* IS APPROPRIATE TO HIS AGE4 

,?AT IS JU/ :AT IS HAPP5+ N[ TO HUMANITY AT ?IS TIME ( 
TRANSITION ?R\< :I* WE >E PASS+1 FROM ! PAGAN CONCEPTION 
( LIFE TO ! ,*RI/IAN4 ,! SOCIALIZ$ MAN ( ! PRES5T DAY 
IS BR\<T BY EXP]I5CE ( LIFE ITSELF TO ! NECESSITY ( 
AB&ON+ ! PAGAN CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 :I* IS 9APPROPRIATE TO 
! PRES5T /AGE ( HUMANITY1 & ( SUBMITT+ TO ! OBLIGATION 
( ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9ES1 ! TRU?S ( :I*1 H[EV] CORRUPT 
& MIS9T]PRET$1 >E /ILL KN[N TO HIM1 & ALONE (F] HIM A 
SOLUTION ( ! CONTRADICTIONS SURR\ND+ HIM4 

,IF ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E SEEM /RANGE & 
EV5 AL>M+ TO ! MAN ( ! SOCIAL !ORY ( LIFE1 NO LESS 
/RANGE1 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 & AL>M+ TO ! SAVAGE ( ANCI5T 
TIMES SEEM$ ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! SOCIAL DOCTR9E :5 IT WAS 
NOT FULLY UND]/OOD & C\LD NOT BE =ESE5 9 ITS RESULTS4 

0,IT IS UNREASONABLE10 SAID ! SAVAGE1 0TO SACRIFICE MY PEACE ( 
M9D OR MY LIFE 9 DEF5SE ( SOME?+ 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 
IMPALPABLE1 & CONV5TIONAL--FAMILY1 TRIBE1 OR NATION2 & ABOVE 
ALL IT IS UNSAFE TO PUT ONESELF AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! P[] ( 
O!RS40 

,BUT ! TIME CAME :5 ! SAVAGE1 ON ONE H&1 FELT1 ?\< 
VAGUELY1 ! VALUE ( ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 & ( ITS 
*IEF MOTOR P[]1 SOCIAL C5SURE1 OR SOCIAL APPROBATION--GLORY1 
& :51 ON ! O!R H&1 ! DIFFICULTIES ( HIS P]SONAL LIFE 
BECAME SO GREAT ?AT HE C\LD NOT CONT9UE TO BELIEVE 9 ! VALUE 
( HIS OLD !ORY ( LIFE4 ,!N HE ACCEPT$ ! SOCIAL1 /ATE 
!ORY ( LIFE & SUBMITT$ TO IT4 

,?AT IS JU/ :AT ! MAN ( ! SOCIAL !ORY ( LIFE IS PASS+ 
?R\< N[4 

0,IT IS UNREASONABLE10 SAYS ! SOCIALIZ$ MAN1 0TO SACRIFICE MY 
WELF>E & ?AT ( MY FAMILY & MY C\NTRY 9 ORD] TO FULFILL 
SOME HI<] LAW1 :I* REQUIRES ME TO R5\NCE MY MO/ NATURAL & 
VIRTU\S FEEL+S ( LOVE ( SELF1 ( FAMILY1 ( K9DR$1 & ( 
C\NTRY2 & ABOVE ALL1 IT IS UNSAFE TO P>T ) ! SECURITY ( 
LIFE AF=D$ BY ! ORGANIZATION ( GOV]NM5T40 

,BUT ! TIME IS COM+ :51 ON ONE H&1 ! VAGUE CONSCI\SNESS 
9 HIS S\L ( ! HI<] LAW1 ( LOVE TO ,GOD & HIS NEI<BOR1 
&1 ON ! O!R H&1 ! SUFF]+1 RESULT+ FROM ! 
CONTRADICTIONS ( LIFE1 WILL =CE ! MAN TO REJECT ! SOCIAL 
!ORY & TO ASSIMILATE ! NEW ONE PREP>$ READY = HIM1 :I* 
SOLVES ALL ! CONTRADICTIONS & REMOVES ALL HIS SUFF]+S--! 
,*RI/IAN !ORY ( LIFE4 ,& ?IS TIME HAS N[ COME4 

,WE1 :O ?\S&S ( YE>S AGO PASS$ ?R\< ! TRANSITION1 FROM 
! P]SONAL1 ANIMAL VIEW ( LIFE TO ! SOCIALIZ$ VIEW1 IMAG9E 
?AT ?AT TRANSITION WAS AN 9EVITABLE & NATURAL ONE2 BUT ?IS 
TRANSITION ?R\< :I* WE HAVE BE5 PASS+ = ! LA/ EI<TE5 
HUNDR$ YE>S SEEMS >BITR>Y1 UNNATURAL1 & AL>M+4 ,BUT WE 
ONLY FANCY ?IS BECAUSE ?AT FIR/ TRANSITION HAS BE5 SO FULLY 
COMPLET$ ?AT ! PRACTICE ATTA9$ BY IT HAS BECOME UNCONSCI\S 
& 9/9CTIVE 9 US1 :ILE ! PRES5T TRANSITION IS NOT YET 
OV] & WE HAVE TO COMPLETE IT CONSCI\SLY4 

,IT TOOK AGES1 ?\S&S ( YE>S1 = ! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( 
LIFE TO P]MEATE M5'S CONSCI\SNESS4 ,IT W5T ?R\< V>I\S 
=MS & HAS N[ PASS$ 9TO ! REGION ( ! 9/9CTIVE 
?R\< 9H]ITANCE1 $UCATION1 & HABIT4 ,& !RE=E IT SEEMS 
NATURAL TO US4 ,BUT FIVE ?\S& YE>S AGO IT SEEM$ AS UNNATURAL 
& AL>M+ TO M5 AS ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E 9 ITS TRUE S5SE 
SEEMS TO-DAY4 

,WE ?9K TO-DAY ?AT ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E--( 
UNIV]SAL BRO!RHOOD1 SUPPRESSION ( NATIONAL DI/9CTIONS1 ABOLITION 
( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 & ! /RANGE 9JUNCTION ( NONRESI/ANCE TO 
EVIL BY =CE--DEM& :AT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,BUT IT WAS JU/ ! SAME 
?\S&S ( YE>S AGO1 ) EV]Y SOCIAL OR EV5 FAMILY DUTY1 SU* AS 
! DUTY ( P>5TS TO SUPPORT !IR *ILDR51 ( ! Y\NG TO MA9TA9 
! OLD1 ( FIDELITY 9 M>RIAGE4 ,/ILL MORE /RANGE1 & EV5 
UNREASONABLE1 SEEM$ ! /ATE DUTIES ( SUBMITT+ TO ! APPO9T$ 
AU?ORITY1 & PAY+ TAXES1 & FI<T+ 9 DEF5SE ( ! C\NTRY1 & 
SO ON4 ,ALL SU* REQUIREM5TS SEEM SIMPLE1 COMPREH5SIBLE1 & NATURAL TO 
US TO-DAY1 & WE SEE NO?+ MY/]I\S OR AL>M+ 9 !M4 ,BUT ?REE 
OR FIVE ?\S& YE>S AGO !Y SEEM$ TO REQUIRE :AT WAS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,! SOCIAL CONCEPTION ( LIFE S]V$ AS ! BASIS ( RELIGION 
BECAUSE AT ! TIME :5 IT WAS FIR/ PRES5T$ TO M5 IT SEEM$ 
TO !M ABSOLUTELY 9COMPREH5SIBLE1 MY/IC1 & SUP]NATURAL4 
,N[ ?AT WE HAVE \TLIV$ ?AT PHASE ( ! LIFE ( HUMANITY1 WE 
UND]/& ! RATIONAL GR\NDS = UNIT+ M5 9 FAMILIES1 
COMMUNITIES1 & /ATES4 ,BUT 9 ANTIQUITY ! DUTIES 9VOLV$ BY 
SU* ASSOCIATION W]E PRES5T$ UND] COV] ( ! SUP]NATURAL 
& W]E CONFIRM$ BY IT4 

,! PATRI>*AL RELIGIONS EXALT$ ! FAMILY1 ! TRIBE1 ! 
NATION4 ,/ATE RELIGIONS DEIFI$ EMP]ORS & /ATES4 ,EV5 N[ 
MO/ IGNORANT PEOPLE--LIKE \R PEASANTS1 :O CALL ! ,CZ> AN 
E>?LY GOD--OBEY /ATE LAWS1 NOT ?R\< ANY RATIONAL RECOGNITION 
( !IR NECESSITY1 NOR BECAUSE !Y HAVE ANY CONCEPTION ( ! 
MEAN+ ( /ATE1 BUT ?R\< A RELIGI\S S5TIM5T4 

,9 PRECISELY ! SAME WAY ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E IS PRES5T$ TO 
M5 ( ! SOCIAL OR HEA!N !ORY ( LIFE TO-DAY1 9 ! GUISE 
( A SUP]NATURAL RELIGION1 ?\< !RE IS 9 REALITY NO?+ 
MY/]I\S1 MY/IC1 OR SUP]NATURAL AB\T IT4 ,IT IS SIMPLY ! 
!ORY ( LIFE :I* IS APPROPRIATE TO ! PRES5T DEGREE ( 
MAT]IAL DEVELOPM5T1 ! PRES5T /AGE ( GR[? ( HUMANITY1 & 
:I* MU/ !RE=E 9EVITABLY BE ACCEPT$4 

,! TIME WILL COME--IT IS ALREADY COM+--:5 ! ,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLES 
( EQUALITY & FRAT]NITY1 COMMUNITY ( PROP]TY1 NONRESI/ANCE ( 
EVIL BY =CE1 WILL APPE> JU/ AS NATURAL & SIMPLE AS ! PR9CIPLES 
( FAMILY OR SOCIAL LIFE SEEM TO US N[4 

,HUMANITY CAN NO MORE GO BACKW>D 9 ITS DEVELOPM5T ?AN ! 
9DIVIDUAL MAN4 ,M5 HAVE \TLIV$ ! SOCIAL1 FAMILY1 & /ATE 
CONCEPTIONS ( LIFE4 ,N[ !Y MU/ GO =W>D & ASSIMILATE ! 
NEXT & HI<] CONCEPTION ( LIFE1 :I* IS :AT IS N[ TAK+ 
PLACE4 ,?IS *ANGE IS BR\<T AB\T 9 TWO WAYS3 CONSCI\SLY 
?R\< SPIRITUAL CAUSES1 & UNCONSCI\SLY ?R\< MAT]IAL 
CAUSES4 

,JU/ AS ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN V]Y R>ELY *ANGES HIS WAY ( LIFE AT 
! DICTATES ( HIS REASON ALONE1 BUT G5]ALLY CONT9UES TO LIVE 
AS BE=E1 9 SPITE ( ! NEW 9T]E/S & AIMS REVEAL$ TO HIM 
BY HIS REASON1 & ONLY ALT]S HIS WAY ( LIV+ :5 IT HAS 
BECOME ABSOLUTELY OPPOS$ TO HIS CONSCI5CE1 & CONSEQU5TLY 
9TOL]ABLE TO HIM2 SO1 TOO1 HUMANITY1 LONG AFT] IT HAS LE>N$ 
?R\< ITS RELIGIONS ! NEW 9T]E/S & AIMS ( LIFE1 T[>D 
:I* IT MU/ /RIVE1 CONT9UES 9 ! MAJORITY ( ITS 
REPRES5TATIVES TO LIVE AS BE=E1 & IS ONLY BR\<T TO ACCEPT 
! NEW CONCEPTION BY F9D+ IT IMPOSSIBLE TO GO ON LIV+ ITS 
OLD LIFE AS BE=E4 

,?\< ! NE$ ( A *ANGE ( LIFE IS PREA*$ BY ! RELIGI\S 
LEAD]S & RECOGNIZ$ & REALIZ$ BY ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T M51 
! MAJORITY1 9 SPITE ( !IR REV]5TIAL ATTITUDE TO !IR 
LEAD]S1 ?AT IS1 !IR FAI? 9 !IR TEA*+1 CONT9UE TO BE 
GUID$ BY ! OLD !ORY ( LIFE 9 !IR PRES5T COMPLEX 
EXI/5CE4 ,AS ?\< ! FA!R ( A FAMILY1 KN[+ H[ HE \<T 
TO BEHAVE AT HIS AGE1 %\LD YET CONT9UE ?R\< HABIT & 
?\<TLESSNESS TO LIVE 9 ! SAME *ILDI% WAY AS HE DID 9 
BOYHOOD4 

,?AT IS JU/ :AT IS HAPP5+ 9 ! TRANSITION ( HUMANITY FROM 
ONE /AGE TO ANO!R1 ?R\< :I* WE >E PASS+ N[4 ,HUMANITY 
HAS \TGR[N ITS SOCIAL /AGE & HAS 5T]$ UPON A NEW P]IOD4 
,IT RECOGNIZES ! DOCTR9E :I* \<T TO BE MADE ! BASIS ( 
LIFE 9 ?IS NEW P]IOD4 ,BUT ?R\< 9]TIA IT CONT9UES TO KEEP 
UP ! OLD =MS ( LIFE4 ,FROM ?IS 9CONSI/5CY BETWE5 ! NEW 
CONCEPTION ( LIFE & PRACTICAL LIFE FOLL[S A :OLE SUCCESSION 
( CONTRADICTIONS & SUFF]+S :I* EMBITT] \R LIFE & 
NECESSITATE ITS ALT]ATION4 

,ONE NE$ ONLY COMP>E ! PRACTICE ( LIFE ) ! !ORY ( IT1 
TO BE DISMAY$ AT ! GL>+ ANTAGONISM BETWE5 \R CONDITIONS ( 
LIFE & \R CONSCI5CE4 

,\R :OLE LIFE IS 9 FLAT CONTRADICTION ) ALL WE KN[1 & ) 
ALL WE REG>D AS NECESS>Y & RI<T4 ,?IS CONTRADICTION RUNS 
?R\< EV]Y?+1 9 ECONOMIC LIFE1 9 POLITICAL LIFE1 & 9 
9T]NATIONAL LIFE4 ,AS ?\< WE HAD =GOTT5 :AT WE KNEW & 
PUT AWAY = A TIME ! PR9CIPLES WE BELIEVE 9 7WE CANNOT HELP 
/ILL BELIEV+ 9 !M BECAUSE !Y >E ! ONLY F\NDATION WE 
HAVE TO BASE \R LIFE ON7 WE DO ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( ALL ?AT \R 
CONSCI5CE & \R COMMON S5SE REQUIRE ( US4 

,WE >E GUID$ 9 ECONOMICAL1 POLITICAL1 & 9T]NATIONAL 
QUE/IONS BY ! PR9CIPLES :I* W]E APPROPRIATE TO M5 ( ?REE 
OR FIVE ?\S& YE>S AGO1 ?\< !Y >E DIRECTLY OPPOS$ TO 
\R CONSCI5CE & ! CONDITIONS ( LIFE 9 :I* WE >E PLAC$ 
TO-DAY4 

,IT WAS V]Y WELL = ! MAN ( ANCI5T TIMES TO LIVE 9 A SOCIETY 
BAS$ ON ! DIVISION ( MANK9D 9TO MA/]S & SLAVES1 BECAUSE 
HE BELIEV$ ?AT SU* A DI/9CTION WAS DECRE$ BY ,GOD & MU/ 
ALWAYS EXI/4 ,BUT IS SU* A BELIEF POSSIBLE 9 !SE DAYS8 

,! MAN ( ANTIQUITY C\LD BELIEVE HE HAD ! RI<T TO 5JOY ! 
GOOD ?+S ( ?IS WORLD AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R M51 & TO KEEP 
!M 9 MIS]Y = G5]ATIONS1 S9CE HE BELIEV$ ?AT M5 CAME 
FROM DIFF]5T ORIG9S1 W]E BASE OR NOBLE 9 BLOOD1 *ILDR5 ( 
,HAM OR ( ,JAPHET4 ,! GREATE/ SAGES ( ! WORLD1 ! TEA*]S 
( HUMANITY1 ,PLATO & ,>I/OTLE1 JU/IFI$ ! EXI/5CE ( 
SLAVES & DEMON/RAT$ ! LAWFULNESS ( SLAV]Y2 & EV5 ?REE 
C5TURIES AGO1 ! M5 :O DESCRIB$ AN IMAG9>Y SOCIETY ( ! 
FUTURE1 ,UTOPIA1 C\LD NOT CONCEIVE ( IT )\T SLAVES4 

,M5 ( ANCI5T & M$IEVAL TIMES BELIEV$1 FIRMLY BELIEV$1 ?AT 
M5 >E NOT EQUAL1 ?AT ! ONLY TRUE M5 >E ,P]SIANS1 OR ,GREEKS1 
OR ,ROMANS1 OR ,FRANKS4 ,BUT WE CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT N[4 ,& PEOPLE 
:O SACRIFICE !MSELVES = ! PR9CIPLES ( >I/OCRACY & ( 
PATRIOTISM TO-DUTY1 DON'T BELIEVE & CAN'T BELIEVE :AT !Y 
ASS]T4 

,WE ALL KN[ & CANNOT HELP KN[+--EV5 ?\< WE MAY NEV] HAVE 
HE>D ! IDEA CLE>LY EXPRESS$1 MAY NEV] HAVE READ ( IT1 & 
MAY NEV] HAVE PUT IT 9TO WORDS1 /ILL ?R\< UNCONSCI\SLY 
IMBIB+ ! ,*RI/IAN S5TIM5TS ?AT >E 9 ! AIR--) \R 
:OLE HE>T WE KN[ & CANNOT ESCAPE KN[+ ! FUNDAM5TAL 
TRU? ( ! ,*RI/IAN DOCTR9E1 ?AT WE >E ALL SONS ( ONE 
,FA!R1 :]EV] WE MAY LIVE & :ATEV] LANGUAGE WE MAY SPEAK2 
WE >E ALL BRO!RS & >E SUBJECT TO ! SAME LAW ( LOVE 
IMPLANT$ BY \R COMMON ,FA!R 9 \R HE>TS4 

,:ATEV] ! OP9IONS & DEGREE ( $UCATION ( A MAN ( TO-DAY1 
:ATEV] HIS %ADE ( LIB]ALISM1 :ATEV] HIS S*OOL ( 
PHILOSOPHY1 OR ( SCI5CE1 OR ( ECONOMICS1 H[EV] IGNORANT OR 
SUP]/ITI\S HE MAY BE1 EV]Y MAN ( ! PRES5T DAY KN[S ?AT 
ALL M5 HAVE AN EQUAL RI<T TO LIFE & ! GOOD ?+S ( LIFE1 
& ?AT ONE SET ( PEOPLE >E NO BETT] NOR WORSE ?AN ANO!R1 
?AT ALL >E EQUAL4 ,EV]YONE KN[S ?IS1 BEYOND D\BT2 EV]YONE 
FEELS IT 9 HIS :OLE BE+4 ,YET AT ! SAME TIME EV]YONE SEES 
ALL R\ND HIM ! DIVISION ( M5 9TO TWO CA/ES--! ONE1 
LABOR+1 OPPRESS$1 POOR1 & SUFF]+1 ! O!R IDLE1 
OPPRESS+1 LUXURI\S1 & PR(LIGATE4 ,& EV]YONE NOT ONLY SEES 
?IS1 BUT VOLUNT>ILY OR 9VOLUNT>ILY1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 HE 
TAKES P>T 9 MA9TA9+ ?IS DI/9CTION :I* HIS CONSCI5CE 
CONDEMNS4 ,& HE CANNOT HELP SUFF]+ FROM ! CONSCI\SNESS ( 
?IS CONTRADICTION & HIS %>E 9 IT4 

,:E!R HE BE MA/] OR SLAVE1 ! MAN ( TO-DAY CANNOT HELP 
CON/ANTLY FEEL+ ! PA9FUL OPPOSITION BETWE5 HIS CONSCI5CE 
& ACTUAL LIFE1 & ! MIS]IES RESULT+ FROM IT4 

,! TOIL+ MASSES1 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( MANK9D :O >E 
SUFF]+ UND] ! 9CESSANT1 MEAN+LESS1 & HOPELESS TOIL & 
PRIVATION 9 :I* !IR :OLE LIFE IS SWALL[$ UP1 /ILL F9D 
!IR KE5E/ SUFF]+ 9 ! GL>+ CONTRA/ BETWE5 :AT IS 
& :AT \<T TO BE1 ACCORD+ TO ALL ! BELIEFS HELD BY 
!MSELVES1 & ?OSE :O HAVE BR\<T !M TO ?AT CONDITION & 
KEEP !M 9 IT4 

,!Y KN[ ?AT !Y >E 9 SLAV]Y & CONDEMN$ TO PRIVATION & 
D>KNESS TO M9I/] TO ! LU/S ( ! M9ORITY :O KEEP !M 
D[N4 ,!Y KN[ IT1 & !Y SAY SO PLA9LY4 ,& ?IS KN[L$GE 
9CREASES !IR SUFF]+S & CON/ITUTES ITS BITT]E/ /+4 

,! SLAVE ( ANTIQUITY KNEW ?AT HE WAS A SLAVE BY NATURE1 BUT \R 
LABOR]1 :ILE HE FEELS HE IS A SLAVE1 KN[S ?AT HE \<T NOT TO 
BE1 & SO HE TA/ES ! AGONY ( ,TANTALUS1 =EV] DESIR+ & 
NEV] GA9+ :AT MI<T & \<T TO BE HIS4 

,! SUFF]+S ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 SPR++ FROM ! 
CONTRADICTION BETWE5 :AT IS & :AT \<T TO BE1 >E 9CREAS$ 
T5FOLD BY ! 5VY & HATR$ 5G5D]$ BY !IR CONSCI\SNESS 
( IT4 

,! LABOR] ( ! PRES5T DAY W\LD NOT CEASE TO SUFF] EV5 IF 
HIS TOIL W]E MU* LI<T] ?AN ?AT ( ! SLAVE ( ANCI5T 
TIMES1 EV5 IF HE GA9$ AN EI<T-H\R WORK+ DAY & A WAGE ( 
?REE DOLL>S A DAY4 ,= HE IS WORK+ AT ! MANUFACTURE ( 
?+S :I* HE WILL NOT 5JOY1 WORK+ NOT BY HIS [N WILL = 
HIS [N B5EFIT1 BUT ?R\< NECESSITY1 TO SATISFY ! DESIRES ( 
LUXURI\S & IDLE PEOPLE 9 G5]AL1 & = ! PR(IT ( A 
S+LE RI* MAN1 ! [N] ( A FACTORY OR WORK%OP 9 P>TICUL>4 
,& HE KN[S ?AT ALL ?IS IS GO+ ON 9 A WORLD 9 :I* IT IS A 
RECOGNIZ$ SCI5TIFIC PR9CIPLE ?AT LABOR ALONE CREATES WEAL?1 
& ?AT TO PR(IT BY ! LABOR ( O!RS IS IMMORAL1 DI%ONE/1 
& PUNI%ABLE BY LAW2 9 A WORLD1 MOREOV]1 :I* PR(ESSES TO 
BELIEVE ,*RI/'S DOCTR9E ?AT WE >E ALL BRO!RS1 & ?AT TRUE 
M]IT & DIGNITY IS TO BE F\ND 9 S]V+ ONE'S NEI<BOR1 NOT 9 
EXPLOIT+ HIM4 ,ALL ?IS HE KN[S1 & HE CANNOT BUT SUFF] 
KE5LY FROM ! %>P CONTRA/ BETWE5 :AT IS & :AT \<T TO 
BE4 

0,ACCORD+ TO ALL PR9CIPLES1 ACCORD+ TO ALL ,I KN[1 & :AT 
EV]YONE PR(ESSES10 ! WORKMAN SAYS TO HIMSELF4 0,I \<T TO BE 
FREE1 EQUAL TO EV]YONE ELSE1 & LOV$2 & ,I AM--A SLAVE1 
HUMILIAT$ & HAT$40 ,& HE TOO IS FILL$ ) HATR$ & TRIES 
TO F9D MEANS TO ESCAPE FROM HIS POSITION1 TO %AKE (F ! 5EMY 
:O IS OV]-RID+ HIM1 & TO OPPRESS HIM 9 TURN4 ,PEOPLE SAY1 
0,WORKM5 HAVE NO BUS9ESS TO TRY TO BECOME CAPITALI/S1 ! POOR 
TO TRY TO PUT !MSELVES 9 ! PLACE ( ! RI*40 ,?AT IS A 
MI/AKE4 ,! WORK+M5 & ! POOR W\LD BE WRONG IF !Y TRI$ 
TO DO SO 9 A WORLD 9 :I* SLAVES & MA/]S W]E REG>D$ AS 
DIFF]5T SPECIES CREAT$ BY ,GOD2 BUT !Y >E LIV+ 9 A WORLD 
:I* PR(ESSES ! FAI? ( ! ,GOSPEL1 ?AT ALL >E ALIKE SONS 
( ,GOD1 & SO BRO!RS & EQUAL4 ,& H[EV] M5 MAY TRY TO 
CONCEAL IT1 ONE ( ! FIR/ CONDITIONS ( ,*RI/IAN LIFE IS LOVE1 
NOT 9 WORDS BUT 9 DE$S4 

,! MAN ( ! SO-CALL$ $UCAT$ CLASSES LIVES 9 /ILL MORE 
GL>+ 9CONSI/5CY & SUFF]+4 ,EV]Y $UCAT$ MAN1 IF HE 
BELIEVES 9 ANY?+1 BELIEVES 9 ! BRO!RHOOD ( ALL M51 OR 
AT LEA/ HE HAS A S5TIM5T ( HUMANITY1 OR ELSE ( JU/ICE1 OR 
ELSE HE BELIEVES 9 SCI5CE4 ,& ALL ! :ILE HE KN[S ?AT HIS 
:OLE LIFE IS FRAM$ ON PR9CIPLES 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION TO IT ALL1 
TO ALL ! PR9CIPLES ( ,*RI/IANITY1 HUMANITY1 JU/ICE1 & 
SCI5CE4 

,HE KN[S ?AT ALL ! HABITS 9 :I* HE HAS BE5 BR\<T UP1 & 
:I* HE C\LD NOT GIVE UP )\T SUFF]+1 CAN ONLY BE 
SATISFI$ ?R\< ! EXHAU/+1 (T5 FATAL1 TOIL ( OPPRESS$ 
LABOR]S1 ?AT IS1 ?R\< ! MO/ OBVI\S & BRUTAL VIOLATION 
( ! PR9CIPLES ( ,*RI/IANITY1 HUMANITY1 & JU/ICE1 & EV5 
( SCI5CE 7?AT IS1 ECONOMIC SCI5CE74 ,HE ADVOCATES ! 
PR9CIPLES ( FRAT]NITY1 HUMANITY1 JU/ICE1 & SCI5CE1 & YET 
HE LIVES SO ?AT HE IS DEP5D5T ON ! OPPRESSION ( ! WORK+ 
CLASSES1 :I* HE D5\NCES1 & HIS :OLE LIFE IS BAS$ ON ! 
ADVANTAGES GA9$ BY !IR OPPRESSION4 ,MOREOV] HE IS DIRECT+ 
EV]Y EF=T TO MA9TA9+ ?IS /ATE ( ?+S SO FLATLY OPPOS$ 
TO ALL HIS BELIEFS4 

,WE >E ALL BRO!RS--& YET EV]Y MORN+ A BRO!R OR A SI/] 
MU/ EMPTY ! B$ROOM SLOPS = ME4 ,WE >E ALL BRO!RS1 BUT 
EV]Y MORN+ ,I MU/ HAVE A CIG>1 A SWEETMEAT1 AN ICE1 & SU* 
?+S1 :I* MY BRO!RS & SI/]S HAVE BE5 WA/+ !IR 
HEAL? 9 MANUFACTUR+1 & ,I 5JOY !SE ?+S & DEM& !M4 
,WE >E ALL BRO!RS1 YET ,I LIVE BY WORK+ 9 A BANK1 OR 
M]CANTILE H\SE1 OR %OP AT MAK+ ALL GOODS DE>] = MY 
BRO!RS4 ,WE >E ALL BRO!RS1 BUT ,I LIVE ON A SAL>Y PAID ME = 
PROSECUT+1 JUDG+1 & CONDEMN+ ! ?IEF OR ! PRO/ITUTE 
:OSE EXI/5CE ! :OLE T5OR ( MY LIFE T5DS TO BR+ AB\T1 
& :O ,I KN[ \<T NOT TO BE PUNI%$ BUT RE=M$4 ,WE >E ALL 
BRO!RS1 BUT ,I LIVE ON ! SAL>Y ,I GA9 BY COLLECT+ TAXES FROM 
NE$Y LABOR]S TO BE SP5T ON ! LUXURIES ( ! RI* & IDLE4 
,WE >E ALL BRO!RS1 BUT ,I TAKE A /IP5D = PREA*+ A FALSE 
,*RI/IAN RELIGION1 :I* ,I DO NOT MYSELF BELIEVE 91 & :I* 
ONLY S]VE'S TO H9D] M5 FROM UND]/&+ TRUE ,*RI/IANITY4 
,I TAKE A /IP5D AS PRIE/ OR BI%OP = DECEIV+ M5 9 ! 
MATT] ( ! GREATE/ IMPORTANCE TO !M4 ,WE >E ALL BRO!RS1 
BUT ,I WILL NOT GIVE ! POOR ! B5EFIT ( MY $UCATIONAL1 
M$ICAL1 OR LIT]>Y LABORS EXCEPT = MONEY4 ,WE >E ALL 
BRO!RS1 YET ,I TAKE A SAL>Y = BE+ READY TO COMMIT MURD]1 
= TEA*+ M5 TO MURD]1 OR MAK+ FIRE>MS1 GUNP[D]1 OR 
=TIFICATIONS4 

,! :OLE LIFE ( ! UPP] CLASSES IS A CON/ANT 9CONSI/5CY4 
,! MORE DELICATE A MAN'S CONSCI5CE IS1 ! MORE PA9FUL ?IS 
CONTRADICTION IS TO HIM4 

,A MAN ( S5SITIVE CONSCI5CE CANNOT BUT SUFF] IF HE LIVES SU* A 
LIFE4 ,! ONLY MEANS BY :I* HE CAN ESCAPE FROM ?IS SUFF]+ 
IS BY BLUNT+ HIS CONSCI5CE1 BUT EV5 IF SOME M5 SUCCE$ 9 
DULL+ !IR CONSCI5CE !Y CANNOT DULL !IR FE>S4 

,! M5 ( ! HI<] DOM9AT+ CLASSES :OSE CONSCI5CE IS 
NATURALLY NOT S5SITIVE OR HAS BECOME BLUNT$1 IF !Y DON'T 
SUFF] ?R\< CONSCI5CE1 SUFF] FROM FE> & HATR$4 ,!Y >E 
B\ND TO SUFF]4 ,!Y KN[ ALL ! HATR$ ( !M EXI/+1 & 
9EVITABLY EXI/+ 9 ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,!Y >E AW>E ?AT 
! WORK+ CLASSES KN[ ?AT !Y >E DECEIV$ & EXPLOIT$1 & 
?AT !Y >E BEG9N+ TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES TO %AKE (F 
OPPRESSION & REV5GE !MSELVES ON !IR OPPRESSORS4 ,! HI<] 
CLASSES SEE ! UNIONS1 ! /RIKES1 ! ,MAY ,DAY ,CELEBRATIONS1 & 
FEEL ! CALAMITY ?AT IS ?REAT5+ !M1 & !IR T]ROR 
PASSES 9TO AN 9/9CT ( SELF-DEF5SE & HATR$4 ,!Y KN[ 
?AT IF = ONE 9/ANT !Y >E WOR/$ 9 ! /RUGGLE ) 
!IR OPPRESS$ SLAVES1 !Y WILL P]I%1 BECAUSE ! SLAVES >E 
EXASP]AT$ & !IR EXASP]ATION IS GR[+ MORE 9T5SE ) 
EV]Y DAY ( OPPRESSION4 ,! OPPRESSORS1 EV5 IF !Y WI%$ TO 
DO SO1 C\LD NOT MAKE AN 5D TO OPPRESSION4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT !Y 
!MSELVES WILL P]I% DIRECTLY !Y EV5 RELAX ! H>%NESS ( 
!IR OPPRESSION4 ,& !Y DO NOT RELAX IT1 9 SPITE ( ALL !IR 
PRET5D$ C>E = ! WELF>E ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 = ! 
EI<T-H\R DAY1 = REGULATION ( ! LABOR ( M9ORS & ( 
WOM51 = SAV+S BANKS & P5SIONS4 ,ALL ?AT IS HUMBUG1 OR 
ELSE SIMPLY ANXIETY TO KEEP ! SLAVE FIT TO DO HIS WORK4 ,BUT ! 
SLAVE IS /ILL A SLAVE1 & ! MA/] :O CANNOT LIVE )\T A 
SLAVE IS LESS DISPOS$ TO SET HIM FREE ?AN EV]4 

,! ATTITUDE ( ! RUL+ CLASSES TO ! LABOR]S IS ?AT ( A 
MAN :O HAS FELL$ HIS ADV]S>Y TO ! E>? & HOLDS HIM D[N1 
NOT SO MU* BECAUSE HE WANTS TO HOLD HIM D[N1 AS BECAUSE HE KN[S 
?AT IF HE LET HIM GO1 EV5 = A SECOND1 HE W\LD HIMSELF BE 
/ABB$1 = HIS ADV]S>Y IS 9FURIAT$ & HAS A KNIFE 9 HIS 
H&4 ,& !RE=E1 :E!R !IR CONSCI5CE IS T5D] OR ! 
REV]SE1 \R RI* M5 CANNOT 5JOY ! WEAL? !Y HAVE FIL*$ 
FROM ! POOR AS ! ANCI5TS DID :O BELIEV$ 9 !IR RI<T TO 
IT4 ,!IR :OLE LIFE & ALL !IR 5JOYM5TS >E EMBITT]$ 
EI!R BY ! /+S ( CONSCI5CE OR BY T]ROR4 

,SO MU* = ! ECONOMIC CONTRADICTION4 ,! POLITICAL 
CONTRADICTION IS EV5 MORE /RIK+4 

,ALL M5 >E BR\<T UP TO ! HABIT ( OBEY+ ! LAWS ( ! 
/ATE BE=E EV]Y?+4 ,! :OLE EXI/5CE ( MOD]N TIMES IS 
DEF9$ BY LAWS4 ,A MAN M>RIES & IS DIVORC$1 $UCATES HIS 
*ILDR51 & EV5 79 MANY C\NTRIES7 PR(ESSES HIS RELIGI\S 
FAI? 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! LAW4 ,:AT AB\T ! LAW !N :I* 
DEF9ES \R :OLE EXI/5CE8 ,DO M5 BELIEVE 9 IT8 ,DO !Y 
REG>D IT AS GOOD8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,9 ! MAJORITY ( CASES PEOPLE 
( ! PRES5T TIME DO NOT BELIEVE 9 ! JU/ICE ( ! LAW1 !Y 
DESPISE IT1 BUT /ILL !Y OBEY IT4 ,IT WAS V]Y WELL = ! 
M5 ( ! ANCI5T WORLD TO OBS]VE !IR LAWS4 ,!Y FIRMLY 
BELIEV$ ?AT !IR LAW 7IT WAS G5]ALLY ( A RELIGI\S 
*>ACT]7 WAS ! ONLY JU/ LAW1 :I* EV]YONE \<T TO OBEY4 
,BUT IS IT SO ) US8 WE KN[ & CANNOT HELP KN[+ ?AT ! LAW 
( \R C\NTRY IS NOT ! ONE ET]NAL LAW2 ?AT IT IS ONLY ONE ( 
! MANY LAWS ( DIFF]5T C\NTRIES1 :I* >E EQUALLY IMP]FECT1 
(T5 OBVI\SLY WRONG & UNJU/1 & >E CRITICIZ$ FROM EV]Y 
PO9T ( VIEW 9 ! NEWSPAP]S4 ,! ,JEW MI<T WELL OBEY HIS 
LAWS1 S9CE HE HAD NOT ! SLI<TE/ D\BT ?AT ,GOD HAD WRITT5 
!M ) HIS F+]2 ! ,ROMAN TOO MI<T WELL OBEY ! LAWS :I* 
HE ?\<T HAD BE5 DICTAT$ BY ! NYMPH ,EG]IA4 ,M5 MI<T WELL 
OBS]VE ! LAWS IF !Y BELIEV$ ! ,CZ>S :O MADE !M W]E 
,GOD'S ANO9T$1 OR EV5 IF !Y ?\<T !Y W]E ! WORK ( 
ASSEMBLIES ( LAWGIV]S :O HAD ! P[] & ! DESIRE TO MAKE 
!M AS GOOD AS POSSIBLE4 ,BUT WE ALL KN[ H[ \R LAWS >E 
MADE4 ,WE HAVE ALL BE5 BEH9D ! SC5ES1 WE KN[ ?AT !Y >E 
! PRODUCT ( COVET\SNESS1 TRICK]Y1 & P>TY /RUGGLES2 ?AT 
!RE IS NOT & CANNOT BE ANY REAL JU/ICE 9 !M4 ,& SO 
MOD]N M5 CANNOT BELIEVE ?AT OB$I5CE TO CIVIC OR POLITICAL 
LAWS CAN SATISFY ! DEM&S ( ! REASON OR ( HUMAN NATURE4 
,M5 HAVE LONG AGO RECOGNIZ$ ?AT IT IS IRRATIONAL TO OBEY A LAW 
! JU/ICE ( :I* IS V]Y D\BTFUL1 & SO !Y CANNOT BUT 
SUFF] 9 OBEY+ A LAW :I* !Y DO NOT ACCEPT AS JUDICI\S & 
B9D+4 

,A MAN CANNOT BUT SUFF] :5 HIS :OLE LIFE IS DEF9$ BE=EH& 
= HIM BY LAWS1 :I* HE MU/ OBEY UND] ?REAT ( PUNI%M5T1 
?\< HE DOES NOT BELIEVE 9 !IR WISDOM OR JU/ICE1 & (T5 
CLE>LY P]CEIVES !IR 9JU/ICE1 CRUELTY1 & >TIFICIALITY4 

,WE RECOGNIZE ! USELESSNESS ( CU/OMS & IMPORT DUTIES1 & >E 
OBLIG$ TO PAY !M4 ,WE RECOGNIZE ! USELESSNESS ( ! 
EXP5DITURE ON ! MA9T5ANCE ( ! ,C\RT & O!R MEMB]S ( 
,GOV]NM5T1 & WE REG>D ! TEA*+ ( ! ,*UR* AS 9JURI\S1 
BUT WE >E OBLIG$ TO BE> \R %>E ( ! EXP5SES ( !SE 
9/ITUTIONS4 ,WE REG>D ! PUNI%M5TS 9FLICT$ BY LAW AS CRUEL 
& %AMELESS1 BUT WE MU/ ASSI/ 9 SUPPORT+ !M4 ,WE REG>D 
AS UNJU/ & P]NICI\S ! DI/RIBUTION ( L&$ PROP]TY1 BUT 
WE >E OBLIG$ TO SUBMIT TO IT4 ,WE SEE NO NECESSITY = W>S & 
>MIES1 BUT WE MU/ BE> T]RIBLY HEAVY BURD5S 9 SUPPORT ( 
TROOPS & W> EXP5SES4 

,BUT ?IS CONTRADICTION IS NO?+ 9 COMP>ISON ) ! 
CONTRADICTION :I* CONFRONTS US :5 WE TURN TO 9T]NATIONAL 
QUE/IONS1 & :I* DEM&S A SOLUTION1 UND] PA9 ( ! LOSS ( 
! SANITY & EV5 ! EXI/5CE ( ! HUMAN RACE4 ,?AT IS ! 
CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN CONSCI5CE & W>4 

,WE >E ALL ,*RI/IAN NATIONS LIV+ ! SAME SPIRITUAL LIFE1 SO ?AT 
EV]Y NOBLE & PREGNANT ?\<T1 SPR++ UP AT ONE 5D ( ! WORLD1 
IS AT ONCE COMMUNICAT$ TO ! :OLE ( ,*RI/IAN HUMANITY & EVOKES 
EV]Y:]E ! SAME EMOTION AT PRIDE & REJOIC+ )\T DI/9CTION 
( NATIONALITIES4 ,WE :O LOVE ?9K]S1 PHILAN?ROPI/S1 POETS1 & 
SCI5TIFIC M5 ( =EIGN ORIG91 & >E AS PR\D ( ! EXPLOITS ( 
,FA!R ,DAMI5 AS IF HE W]E ONE ( \RSELVES1 WE1 :O HAVE A SIMPLE LOVE 
= M5 ( =EIGN NATIONALITIES1 ,FR5*M51 ,G]MANS1 ,AM]ICANS1 & 
,5GLI%M51 :O RESPECT !IR QUALITIES1 >E GLAD TO MEET !M & MAKE 
!M SO W>MLY WELCOME1 CANNOT REG>D W> ) !M AS ANY?+ H]OIC4 
,WE CANNOT EV5 IMAG9E )\T HORROR ! POSSIBILITY ( A DISAGREEM5T 
BETWE5 !SE PEOPLE & \RSELVES :I* W\LD CALL = RECIPROCAL 
MURD]4 ,YET WE >E ALL B\ND TO TAKE A H& 9 ?IS SLAU<T] :I* IS 
B\ND TO COME TO PASS TO-MORR[ NOT TO-DAY4 

,IT WAS V]Y WELL = ! ,JEW1 ! ,GREEK1 & ! ,ROMAN TO DEF5D 
! 9DEP5D5CE ( HIS NATION BY MURD]4 ,= HE PI\SLY BELIEV$ 
?AT HIS PEOPLE WAS ! ONLY TRUE1 F9E1 & GOOD PEOPLE DE> TO 
,GOD1 & ALL ! RE/ W]E ,PHILI/9ES1 B>B>IANS4 ,M5 ( 
M$IEVAL TIMES--EV5 UP TO ! 5D ( ! LA/ & BEG9N+ ( 
?IS C5TURY--MI<T CONT9UE TO HOLD ?IS BELIEF4 ,BUT H[EV] 
MU* WE WORK UPON \RSELVES WE CANNOT BELIEVE IT4 ,& ?IS 
CONTRADICTION = M5 ( ! PRES5T DAY HAS BECOME SO FULL ( 
HORROR ?AT )\T ITS SOLUTION LIFE IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE4 

0,WE LIVE 9 A TIME :I* IS FULL ( 9CONSI/5CIES10 WRITES ,C\NT 
,KOM>OVSKY1 ! PR(ESSOR ( 9T]NATIONAL LAW1 9 HIS LE>N$ 
TREATISE4 

0,! PRESS ( ALL C\NTRIES IS CONT9UALLY EXPRESS+ ! 
 UNIV]SAL DESIRE = PEACE1 & ! G5]AL S5SE ( ITS 
 NECESSITY = ALL NATIONS4 

0,REPRES5TATIVES ( GOV]NM5TS1 PRIVATE P]SONS1 & (FICIAL 
 ORGANS SAY ! SAME ?+2 IT IS REPEAT$ 9 P>LIAM5T>Y 
 DEBATES1 DIPLOMATIC CORRESPOND5CE1 & EV5 9 /ATE TREATIES4 
 ,AT ! SAME TIME GOV]NM5TS >E 9CREAS+ ! /R5G? ( 
 !IR >MIES EV]Y YE>1 LEVY+ FRE% TAXES1 RAIS+ LOANS1 
 & LEAV+ AS A BEQUE/ TO FUTURE G5]ATIONS ! DUTY ( 
 REPAIR+ ! BLUND]S ( ! S5SELESS POLICY ( ! PRES5T4 
 ,:AT A /RIK+ CONTRA/ BETWE5 WORDS & DE$S6 ,( C\RSE 
 GOV]NM5TS WILL PLEAD 9 JU/IFICATION ( !SE MEASURES ?AT 
 ALL !IR EXP5DITURE & >MAM5T >E EXCLUSIVELY = PURPOSES 
 ( DEF5SE4 ,BUT IT REMA9S A MY/]Y TO EV]Y DIS9T]E/$ 
 MAN :5CE !Y CAN EXPECT ATTACKS IF ALL ! GREAT P[]S >E 
 S+LE-HE>T$ 9 !IR POLICY1 9 PURSU+ NO?+ BUT SELF 
 DEF5SE4 ,9 REALITY IT LOOKS AS IF EA* ( ! GREAT P[]S 
 W]E EV]Y 9/ANT ANTICIPAT+ AN ATTACK ON ! P>T ( ! 
 O!RS4 ,& ?IS RESULTS 9 A G5]AL FEEL+ ( 9SECURITY 
 & SUP]HUMAN EF=TS ON ! P>T ( EA* GOV]NM5T TO 
 9CREASE !IR =CES BEYOND ?OSE ( ! O!R P[]S4 ,SU* A 
 COMPETITION ( ITSELF 9CREASES ! DANG] ( W>4 ,NATIONS 
 CANNOT 5DURE ! CON/ANT 9CREASE ( >MIES = LONG1 & 
 SOON] OR LAT] !Y WILL PREF] W> TO ALL ! DISADVANTAGES 
 ( !IR PRES5T POSITION & ! CON/ANT M5ACE ( W>4 ,!N 
 ! MO/ TRIFL+ PRETEXT WILL BE SUFFICI5T TO ?R[ ! :OLE 
 ( ,EUROPE 9TO ! FIRE ( UNIV]SAL W>4 ,& IT IS A MI/AK5 
 IDEA ?AT SU* A CRISIS MI<T DELIV] US FROM ! POLITICAL & 
 ECONOMICAL TR\BLES ?AT >E CRU%+ US4 ,! EXP]I5CE ( 
 ! W>S ( LATT] YE>S TEA*ES US ?AT EV]Y W> HAS ONLY 
 9T5SIFI$ NATIONAL HATR$S1 MADE MILIT>Y BURD5S MORE 
 CRU%+ & 9SUPPORTABLE1 & R5D]$ ! POLITICAL & 
 ECONOMICAL GRIEV\S & 9SOLUBLE40 

0,MOD]N ,EUROPE KEEPS UND] >MS AN ACTIVE >MY ( N9E MILLIONS ( 
M510 WRITES ,5RICO ,F]RI1 

0BESIDES FIFTE5 MILLIONS ( RES]VE1 ) AN \TLAY ( F\R 
 HUNDR$ MILLIONS ( FRANCS P] ANNUM4 ,BY CONT9UAL 9CREASE ( 
 ! >M$ =CE1 ! S\RCES ( SOCIAL & 9DIVIDUAL 
 PROSP]ITY >E P>ALYZ$1 & ! /ATE ( ! MOD]N WORLD MAY 
 BE COMP>$ TO ?AT ( A MAN :O CONDEMNS HIMSELF TO WA/+ 
 FROM LACK ( NUTRITION 9 ORD] TO PROVIDE HIMSELF ) >MS1 
 LOS+ !REBY ! /R5G? TO USE ! >MS HE PROVIDES1 UND] 
 ! WEI<T ( :I* HE WILL AT LA/ SUCCUMB40 

,*>LES ,BOO?1 9 HIS PAP] READ 9 ,LONDON BE=E ! ,ASSOCIATION 
= ! ,RE=M & ,CODIFICATION ( ! ,LAW ( ,NATIONS1 ,JUNE #b#f1 
#a#h#h#g1 SAYS ! SAME ?+4 ,AFT] REF]R+ TO ! SAME NUMB]1 
N9E MILLIONS ( ! ACTIVE >MY & FIFTE5 MILLIONS ( RES]VE1 
& ! 5ORM\S EXP5DITURE ( GOV]NM5TS ON ! SUPPORT & 
>M+ ( !SE =CES1 HE SAYS3 

0,!SE FIGURES REPRES5T ONLY A SMALL P>T ( ! REAL CO/1 
 BECAUSE BESIDES ! RECOGNIZ$ EXP5DITURE ( ! W> BUDGET ( 
 ! V>I\S NATIONS1 WE \<T ALSO TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! 
 5ORM\S LOSS TO SOCIETY 9VOLV$ 9 )DRAW+ FROM IT SU* 
 AN IMM5SE NUMB] ( ITS MO/ VIGOR\S M51 :O >E TAK5 FROM 
 9DU/RIAL PURSUITS & EV]Y K9D ( LABOR1 AS WELL AS ! 
 5ORM\S 9T]E/ ON ! SUMS EXP5D$ ON MILIT>Y PREP>ATIONS 
 )\T ANY RETURN4 ,! 9EVITABLE RESULT ( ?IS EXP5DITURE 
 ON W> & PREP>ATIONS = W> IS A CONT9UALLY GR[+ 
 NATIONAL DEBT4 ,! GREAT] NUMB] ( LOANS RAIS$ BY ! 
 GOV]NM5TS ( ,EUROPE W]E ) A VIEW TO W>4 ,!IR TOTAL SUM 
 AM\NTS TO F\R HUNDR$ MILLIONS /]L+1 & !SE DEBTS >E 
 9CREAS+ EV]Y YE>40 

,! SAME ,PR(ESSOR ,KOM>OVSKY SAYS 9 ANO!R PLACE3 

0,WE LIVE 9 TR\BL$ TIMES4 ,EV]Y:]E WE HE> COMPLA9TS ( 
 ! DEPRESSION ( TRADE & MANUFACTURES1 & ! WRET*$NESS 
 ( ! ECONOMIC POSITION G5]ALLY1 ! MIS]ABLE CONDITIONS ( 
 EXI/5CE ( ! WORK+ CLASSES1 & ! UNIV]SAL 
 IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! MASSES4 ,BUT 9 SPITE ( ?IS1 GOV]NM5TS 
 9 !IR EF=TS TO MA9TA9 !IR 9DEP5D5CE RU% TO ! 
 GREATE/ EXTREMES ( S5SELESSNESS4 ,NEW TAXES & DUTIES >E 
 BE+ DEVIS$ EV]Y:]E1 & ! F9ANCIAL OPPRESSION ( ! 
 NATIONS KN[S NO LIMITS4 ,IF WE GLANCE AT ! BUDGETS ( ! 
 /ATES ( ,EUROPE = ! LA/ HUNDR$ YE>S1 :AT /RIKES US 
 MO/ ( ALL IS !IR RAPID & CONT9UALLY GR[+ 9CREASE4 

0,H[ CAN WE EXPLA9 ?IS EXTRAORD9>Y PH5OM5ON :I* SOON] 
 OR LAT] ?REAT5S US ALL ) 9EVITABLE BANKRUPTCY8 

0,IT IS CAUS$ BEYOND DISPUTE BY ! EXP5DITURE = ! 
 MA9T5ANCE ( >MAM5TS :I* SWALL[S UP A ?IRD & EV5 A 
 HALF ( ALL ! EXP5DITURE ( ,EUROPEAN /ATES4 ,& ! MO/ 
 MELAN*OLY ?+ IS ?AT ONE CAN =ESEE NO LIMIT TO ?IS 
 AUGM5TATION ( ! BUDGET & IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! MASSES4 
 ,:AT IS SOCIALISM BUT A PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS ABNORMAL POSITION 
 9 :I* ! GREAT] PROPORTION ( ! POPULATION ( \R WORLD 
 IS PLAC$8 

0,WE >E RU9+ \RSELVES10 SAYS ,FR$]ICK ,PASSY 9 A LETT] READ 
BE=E ! LA/ ,CONGRESS ( ,UNIV]SAL ,PEACE 79 #a#h#i7 9 ,LONDON1 

0WE >E RU9+ \RSELVES 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE TO TAKE P>T 9 
 ! S5SELESS W>S ( ! FUTURE OR TO PAY ! 9T]E/ ON 
 DEBTS WE HAVE 9CURR$ BY ! S5SELESS & CRIM9AL W>S ( 
 ! PA/4 ,WE >E DY+ ( HUNG] SO AS TO SECURE ! MEANS ( 
 KILL+ EA* O!R40 

,SPEAK+ LAT] ON ( ! WAY ! SUBJECT IS LOOK$ AT 9 ,FRANCE1 
HE SAYS3 

0,WE BELIEVE ?AT1 A HUNDR$ YE>S AFT] ! ,DECL>ATION ( ! 
 ,RI<TS ( ,MAN & ( ! CITIZ51 ! TIME HAS COME TO 
 RECOGNIZE ! RI<TS ( NATIONS & TO R5\NCE AT ONCE & 
 =EV] ALL ?OSE UND]TAK+S BAS$ ON FRAUD & =CE1 :I*1 
 UND] ! NAME ( CONQUE/S1 >E V]ITABLE CRIMES AGA9/ 
 HUMANITY1 & :I*1 :ATEV] ! VANITY ( MON>*S & ! 
 PRIDE ( NATIONS MAY ?9K ( !M1 ONLY WEAK5 EV5 ?OSE :O 
 >E TRIUMPHANT OV] !M40 

0,I AM SURPRIS$ AT ! WAY RELIGION IS C>RI$ ON 9 ?IS 
C\NTRY10 SAID ,SIR ,WILFRID ,LAWSON AT ! SAME CONGRESS4 

0,Y\ S5D A BOY TO ,SUNDAY S*OOL1 & Y\ TELL HIM3 ',DE> BOY1 
 Y\ MU/ LOVE Y\R 5EMIES4 ,IF ANO!R BOY /RIKES Y\1 Y\ 
 MU/N'T HIT HIM BACK1 BUT TRY TO RE=M HIM BY LOV+ HIM4' 
 ,WELL4 ,! BOY /AYS 9 ! ,SUNDAY S*OOL TILL HE IS F\RTE5 
 OR FIFTE51 & !N HIS FRI5DS S5D HIM 9TO ! >MY4 ,:AT 
 HAS HE TO DO 9 ! >MY8 ,HE C]TA9LY WON'T LOVE HIS 5EMY2 
 QUITE ! CONTR>Y1 IF HE CAN ONLY GET AT HIM1 HE WILL RUN HIM 
 ?R\< ) HIS BAYONET4 ,?AT IS ! NATURE ( ALL RELIGI\S 
 TEA*+ 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 ,I DO NOT ?9K ?AT ?AT IS A V]Y 
 GOOD WAY ( C>RY+ \T ! PRECEPTS ( RELIGION4 ,I ?9K IF 
 IT IS A GOOD ?+ = A BOY TO LOVE HIS 5EMY1 IT IS GOOD = 
 A GR[N-UP MAN40 

0,!RE >E 9 ,EUROPE TW5TY-EI<T MILLIONS ( M5 UND] >MS10 
SAYS ,WILSON1 

0TO DECIDE DISPUTES1 NOT BY DISCUSSION1 BUT BY MURD]+ ONE 
 ANO!R4 ,?AT IS ! ACCEPT$ ME?OD = DECID+ DISPUTES 
 AMONG ,*RI/IAN NATIONS4 ,?IS ME?OD IS1 AT ! SAME TIME1 
 V]Y EXP5SIVE1 =1 ACCORD+ TO ! /ATI/ICS ,I HAVE READ1 
 ! NATIONS ( ,EUROPE SP5T 9 ! YE> #ahgb A HUNDR$ & 
 FIFTY MILLIONS /]L+ ON PREP>ATIONS = DECID+ DISPUTES 
 BY MEANS ( MURD]4 ,IT SEEMS TO ME1 !RE=E1 ?AT 9 SU* A 
 /ATE ( ?+S ONE ( TWO ALT]NATIVES MU/ BE ADMITT$3 
 EI!R ,*RI/IANITY IS A FAILURE1 OR ?OSE :O HAVE UND]TAK5 
 TO EXP\ND IT HAVE FAIL$ 9 DO+ SO4 ,UNTIL \R W>RIORS >E 
 DIS>M$ & \R >MIES DISB&$1 ! HAVE NOT ! RI<T TO 
 CALL \RSELVES A ,*RI/IAN NATION40 

,9 A CONF]5CE ON ! SUBJECT ( ! DUTY ( ,*RI/IAN M9I/]S 
TO PREA* AGA9/ W>1 ,G4 ,D4 ,B>TLETT SAID AMONG O!R ?+S3 

0,IF ,I UND]/& ! ,SCRIPTURES1 ,I SAY ?AT M5 >E ONLY 
 PLAY+ ) ,*RI/IANITY SO LONG AS !Y IGNORE ! QUE/ION 
 ( W>4 ,I HAVE LIV$ A LONGI% LIFE & HAVE HE>D \R 
 M9I/]S PREA* ON UNIV]SAL PEACE H>DLY HALF A DOZ5 TIMES4 
 ,TW5TY YE>S AGO1 9 A DRAW+ ROOM1 ,I D>$ 9 ! PRES5CE ( 
 =TY P]SONS TO MOOT ! PROPOSITION ?AT W> WAS 9COMPATIBLE 
 ) ,*RI/IANITY2 ,I WAS REG>D$ AS AN >RANT FANATIC4 ,! 
 IDEA ?AT WE C\LD GET ON )\T W> WAS REG>D$ AS 
 UNMITIGAT$ WEAKNESS & FOLLY40 

,! ,CA?OLIC PRIE/ ,DEF\RNEY HAS EXPRESS$ HIMSELF 9 ! SAME 
SPIRIT4 0,ONE ( ! FIR/ PRECEPTS ( ! ET]NAL LAW 9SCRIB$ 
9 ! CONSCI5CES ( ALL M510 SAYS ! ,ABBY ,DEF\RNEY1 

0IS ! PROHIBITION ( TAK+ ! LIFE OR %$D+ ! BLOOD ( 
 A FELL[-CREATURE )\T SUFFICI5T CAUSE1 )\T BE+ 
 =C$ 9TO ! NECESSITY ( IT4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! 
 COMM&M5TS :I* IS MO/ DEEPLY /AMP$ 9 ! HE>T ( MAN4 
 ,BUT SO SOON AS IT IS A QUE/ION ( W>1 ?AT IS1 ( %$D+ 
 BLOOD 9 TORR5TS1 M5 ( ! PRES5T DAY DO NOT TR\BLE 
 !MSELVES AB\T A SUFFICI5T CAUSE4 ,?OSE :O TAKE P>T 9 
 W>S DO NOT EV5 ?9K ( ASK+ !MSELVES :E!R !RE IS 
 ANY JU/IFICATION = !SE 9NUM]ABLE MURD]S1 :E!R !Y 
 >E JU/IFIABLE OR UNJU/IFIABLE1 LAWFUL OR UNLAWFUL1 9NOC5T 
 OR CRIM9AL2 :E!R !Y >E BREAK+ ?AT FUNDAM5TAL 
 COMM&M5T ?AT =BIDS KILL+ )\T LAWFUL CAUSE4 
 ,BUT !IR CONSCI5CE IS MUTE4 ,W> HAS CEAS$ TO BE SOME?+ 
 DEP5D5T ON MORAL CONSID]ATIONS4 ,9 W>F>E M5 HAVE 9 ALL 
 ! TOIL & DANG]S !Y 5DURE NO O!R PLEASURE ?AN ?AT ( 
 BE+ CONQU]ORS1 NO SORR[ O!R ?AN ?AT ( BE+ CONQU]$4 
 ,DON'T TELL ME ?AT !Y >E S]V+ !IR C\NTRY4 ,A GREAT 
 G5IUS ANSW]$ ?AT LONG AGO 9 ! WORDS ?AT HAVE BECOME A 
 PROV]B3 ',)\T JU/ICE1 :AT IS AN EMPIRE BUT A GREAT B& 
 ( BRIG&S8' ,& IS NOT EV]Y B& ( BRIG&S A LITTLE 
 EMPIRE8 ,!Y TOO HAVE !IR LAWS2 & !Y TOO MAKE W> TO 
 GA9 BOOTY1 & EV5 = HONOR4 

0,! AIM ( ! PROPOS$ 9/ITUTION .<! 9/ITUTION ( AN 
 9T]NATIONAL BO>D ( >BITRATION.> IS ?AT ! NATIONS ( 
 ,EUROPE MAY CEASE TO BE NATIONS ( ROBB]S1 & !IR >MIES1 
 B&S ( BRIG&S4 ,& ONE MU/ ADD1 NOT ONLY BRIG&S1 BUT 
 SLAVES4 ,= \R >MIES >E SIMPLY GANGS ( SLAVES AT ! 
 DISPOSAL ( ONE OR TWO COMM&]S OR M9I/]S1 :O EX]CISE A 
 DESPOTIC CONTROL OV] !M )\T ANY REAL RESPONSIBILITY1 AS 
 WE V]Y WELL KN[4 

0,! PECULI>ITY ( A SLAVE IS ?AT HE IS A M]E TOOL 9 ! 
 H&S ( HIS MA/]1 A ?+1 NOT A MAN4 ,?AT IS JU/ :AT 
 SOLDI]S1 (FIC]S1 & G5]ALS >E1 GO+ TO MURD] & BE 
 MURD]$ AT ! WILL ( A RUL] OR RUL]S4 ,MILIT>Y SLAV]Y IS 
 AN ACTUAL FACT1 & IT IS ! WOR/ =M ( SLAV]Y1 ESPECIALLY 
 N[ :5 BY MEANS ( COMPULSORY S]VICE IT LAYS ITS FETT]S ON 
 ! NECKS ( ALL ! /RONG & CAPABLE M5 ( A NATION1 TO 
 MAKE !M 9/RUM5TS ( MURD]1 BUT*]S ( HUMAN FLE%1 = 
 ?AT IS ALL !Y >E TAK5 & TRA9$ TO DO4 

0,! RUL]S1 TWO OR ?REE 9 NUMB]1 MEET TOGE!R 9 CAB9ETS1 
 SECRETLY DELIB]ATE )\T REGI/]S1 )\T PUBLICITY1 & 
 CONSEQU5TLY )\T RESPONSIBILITY1 & S5D M5 TO BE 
 MURD]$40 

0,PROTE/S AGA9/ >MAM5TS1 BURD5SOME TO ! PEOPLE1 HAVE NOT 
ORIG9AT$ 9 \R TIMES10 SAYS ,SIGNOR ,E4 ,G4 ,MONETA4 

0,HE> :AT ,MONTESQUIEU WROTE 9 HIS DAY4 ',FRANCE .<& ONE 
 MI<T SAY1 ,EUROPE.> WILL BE RU9$ BY SOLDI]S4 ,A NEW PLAGUE IS 
 SPREAD+ ?R\<\T ,EUROPE4 ,IT ATTACKS SOV]EIGNS & =CES 
 !M TO MA9TA9 AN 9CR$IBLE NUMB] ( >M$ M54 ,?IS 
 PLAGUE IS 9FECTI\S & SPREADS1 BECAUSE DIRECTLY ONE 
 GOV]NM5T 9CREASES ITS >MAM5T1 ALL ! O!RS DO LIKEWISE4 
 ,SO ?AT NO?+ IS GA9$ BY IT BUT G5]AL RU94 

0',EV]Y GOV]NM5T MA9TA9S AS GREAT AN >MY AS IT POSSIBLY 
 C\LD MA9TA9 IF ITS PEOPLE W]E ?REAT5$ ) 
 EXT]M9ATION1 & PEOPLE CALL PEACE ?IS /ATE ( T5SION ( 
 ALL AGA9/ ALL4 ,& !RE=E ,EUROPE IS SO RU9$ ?AT IF 
 PRIVATE P]SONS W]E 9 ! POSITION ( ! GOV]NM5TS ( \R 
 CONT95T1 ! RI*E/ ( !M W\LD NOT HAVE 5\< TO LIVE 
 ON4 ,WE >E POOR ?\< WE HAVE ! WEAL? & TRADE ( ! 
 :OLE WORLD4' 

0,?AT WAS WRITT5 ALMO/ #ae YE>S AGO4 ,! PICTURE SEEMS DRAWN 
 FROM ! WORLD ( TO-DAY4 ,ONE ?+ ONLY HAS *ANG$-! =M 
 ( GOV]NM5T4 ,9 ,MONTESQUIEU'S TIME IT WAS SAID ?AT ! 
 CAUSE ( ! MA9T5ANCE ( GREAT >MAM5TS WAS ! DESPOTIC 
 P[] ( K+S1 :O MADE W> 9 ! HOPE ( AUGM5T+ BY 
 CONQUE/ !IR P]SONAL REV5UES & GA9+ GLORY4 ,PEOPLE 
 US$ TO SAY !N3 ',AH1 IF ONLY PEOPLE C\LD ELECT ?OSE :O 
 W\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO REFUSE GOV]NM5TS ! SOLDI]S & ! 
 MONEY--!N !RE W\LD BE AN 5D TO MILIT>Y POLITICS4' ,N[ 
 !RE >E REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5TS 9 ALMO/ ! :OLE ( 
 ,EUROPE1 & 9 SPITE ( ?AT1 W> EXP5DITURES & ! 
 PREP>ATIONS = W> HAVE 9CREAS$ TO AL>M+ PROPORTIONS4 

0,IT IS EVID5T ?AT ! 9SANITY ( SOV]EIGNS HAS GA9$ 
 POSSESSION ( ! RUL+ CLASSES4 ,W> IS NOT MADE N[ BECAUSE 
 ONE K+ HAS BE5 WANT+ 9 CIVILITY TO ! MI/RESS ( 
 ANO!R K+1 AS IT WAS 9 ,L\IS ,X,I,V4'S TIME4 ,BUT ! NATURAL 
 & HONORABLE S5TIM5TS ( NATIONAL HONOR & PATRIOTISM >E 
 SO EXAGG]AT$1 & ! PUBLIC OP9ION ( ONE NATION SO EXCIT$ 
 AGA9/ ANO!R1 ?AT IT IS 5\< = A /ATEM5T TO BE MADE 
 7EV5 ?\< IT MAY BE A FALSE REPORT7 ?AT ! AMBASSADOR ( 
 ONE /ATE WAS NOT RECEIV$ BY ! PR9CIPAL P]SONAGE ( 
 ANO!R /ATE TO CAUSE ! \TBREAK ( ! MO/ AWFUL & 
 DE/RUCTIVE W> !RE HAS EV] BE5 SE54 ,EUROPE KEEPS MORE 
 SOLDI]S UND] >MS TO-DAY ?AN 9 ! TIME ( ! GREAT 
 ,NAPOLEONIC W>S4 ,ALL CITIZ5S ) FEW EXCEPTIONS >E =C$ 
 TO SP5D SOME YE>S 9 B>RACKS4 ,=TRESSES1 >S5ALS1 & 
 %IPS >E BUILT1 NEW WEAPONS >E CON/ANTLY BE+ 9V5T$1 TO 
 BE REPLAC$ 9 A %ORT TIME BY FRE% ONES1 =1 SAD TO SAY1 
 SCI5CE1 :I* \<T ALWAYS TO BE AIM+ AT ! GOOD ( 
 HUMANITY1 ASSI/S 9 ! WORK ( DE/RUCTION1 & IS CON/ANTLY 
 9V5T+ NEW MEANS = KILL+ ! GREATE/ NUMB] ( M5 9 
 ! %ORTE/ TIME4 ,& TO MA9TA9 SO GREAT A MULTITUDE ( 
 SOLDI]S & TO MAKE SU* VA/ PREP>ATIONS = MURD]1 
 HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS >E SP5T ANNUALLY1 SUMS :I* W\LD BE 
 SUFFICI5T = ! $UCATION ( ! PEOPLE & = IMM5SE 
 WORKS ( PUBLIC UTILITY1 & :I* W\LD MAKE IT POSSIBLE TO 
 F9D A PEACEFUL SOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION4 

0,EUROPE1 !N1 IS1 9 ?IS RESPECT1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! 
 CONQUE/S ( SCI5CE1 9 ! SAME POSITION AS 9 ! D>KE/ 
 & MO/ B>B>\S DAYS ( ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,ALL DEPLORE ?IS 
 /ATE ( ?+S--NEI!R PEACE NOR W>--& ALL W\LD BE GLAD 
 TO ESCAPE FROM IT4 ,! HEADS ( GOV]NM5TS ALL DECL>E ?AT 
 !Y ALL WI% = PEACE1 & VIE ) ONE ANO!R 9 ! MO/ 
 SOLEMN PROTE/ATIONS ( PEACEFUL 9T5TIONS4 ,BUT ! SAME DAY 
 OR ! NEXT !Y WILL LAY A S*EME = ! 9CREASE ( ! 
 >MAM5T BE=E !IR LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY1 SAY+ ?AT !SE 
 >E ! PREV5TIVE MEASURES !Y TAKE = ! V]Y PURPOSE ( 
 SECUR+ PEACE4 

0,BUT ?IS IS NOT ! K9D ( PEACE WE WANT4 ,& ! NATIONS 
 >E NOT DECEIV$ BY IT4 ,TRUE PEACE IS BAS$ ON MUTUAL 
 CONFID5CE1 :ILE !SE HUGE >MAM5TS %[ OP5 & UTT] LACK 
 ( CONFID5CE1 IF NOT CONCEAL$ HO/ILITY1 BETWE5 /ATES4 
 ,:AT %\LD WE SAY ( A MAN :O1 WANT+ TO %[ HIS FRI5DLY 
 FEEL+S = HIS NEI<BOR1 %\LD 9VITE HIM TO DISCUSS !IR 
 DIFF]5CES ) A LOAD$ REVOLV] 9 HIS H&8 

0,IT IS JU/ ?IS FLAGRANT CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! PEACEFUL 
 PR(ESSIONS & ! W>LIKE POLICY ( GOV]NM5TS :I* ALL 
 GOOD CITIZ5S DESIRE TO PUT AN 5D TO1 AT ANY CO/40 

,PEOPLE >E A/ONI%$ ?AT EV]Y YE> !RE >E SIXTY ?\S& 
CASES ( SUICIDE 9 ,EUROPE1 & ?OSE ONLY ! RECOGNIZ$ & 
RECORD$ CASES--& EXCLUD+ ,RUSSIA & ,TURKEY2 BUT ONE \<T 
RA!R TO BE SURPRIS$ ?AT !RE >E SO FEW4 ,EV]Y MAN ( ! 
PRES5T DAY1 IF WE GO DEEP 5\< 9TO ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 
HIS CONSCI5CE & HIS LIFE1 IS 9 A /ATE ( DESPAIR4 

,NOT TO SPEAK ( ALL ! O!R CONTRADICTIONS BETWE5 MOD]N LIFE 
& ! CONSCI5CE1 ! P]MAN5TLY >M$ CONDITION ( ,EUROPE 
TOGE!R ) ITS PR(ESSION ( ,*RI/IANITY IS ALONE 5\< TO 
DRIVE ANY MAN TO DESPAIR1 TO D\BT ( ! SANITY ( MANK9D1 & 
TO T]M9ATE AN EXI/5CE 9 ?IS S5SELESS & BRUTAL WORLD4 
,?IS CONTRADICTION1 :I* IS A QU9TESS5CE ( ALL ! O!R 
CONTRADICTIONS1 IS SO T]RIBLE ?AT TO LIVE & TO TAKE P>T 9 IT 
IS ONLY POSSIBLE IF ONE DOES NOT ?9K ( IT--IF ONE IS ABLE TO 
=GET IT4 

,:AT6 ALL ( US1 ,*RI/IANS1 NOT ONLY PR(ESS TO LOVE ONE ANO!R1 BUT 
DO ACTUALLY LIVE ONE COMMON LIFE2 WE :OSE SOCIAL EXI/5CE BEATS ) 
ONE COMMON PULSE--WE AID ONE ANO!R1 LE>N FROM ONE ANO!R1 DRAW EV] 
CLOS] TO ONE ANO!R TO \R MUTUAL HAPP9ESS1 & F9D 9 ?IS 
CLOS5ESS ! :OLE MEAN+ ( LIFE6--& TO-MORR[ SOME CRAZY RUL] 
WILL SAY SOME /UPIDITY1 & ANO!R WILL ANSW] 9 ! SAME SPIRIT1 & 
!N ,I MU/ GO EXPOSE MYSELF TO BE+ MURD]$1 & MURD] M5--:O HAVE 
DONE ME NO H>M--& MORE ?AN ?AT1 :OM ,I LOVE4 ,& ?IS IS NOT A 
REMOTE CONT+5CY1 BUT ! V]Y ?+ WE >E ALL PREP>+ =1 :I* 
IS NOT ONLY PROBABLE1 BUT AN 9EVITABLE C]TA9TY4 

,TO RECOGNIZE ?IS CLE>LY IS 5\< TO DRIVE A MAN \T ( HIS 
S5SES OR TO MAKE HIM %OOT HIMSELF4 ,& ?IS IS JU/ :AT DOES 
HAPP51 & ESPECIALLY (T5 AMONG MILIT>Y M54 ,A MAN NE$ ONLY 
COME TO HIMSELF = AN 9/ANT TO BE IMPELL$ 9EVITABLY TO SU* 
AN 5D4 

,& ?IS IS ! ONLY EXPLANATION ( ! DREADFUL 9T5SITY ) 
:I* M5 ( MOD]N TIMES /RIVE TO /UPEFY !MSELVES1 ) 
SPIRITS1 TOBACCO1 OPIUM1 C>DS1 READ+ NEWSPAP]S1 TRAVEL+1 & 
ALL K9DS ( SPECTACLES & AMUSEM5TS4 ,!SE PURSUITS >E 
FOLL[$ UP AS AN IMPORTANT1 S]I\S BUS9ESS4 ,& 9DE$ !Y 
>E A S]I\S BUS9ESS4 ,IF !RE W]E NO EXT]NAL MEANS ( 
DULL+ !IR S5SIBILITIES1 HALF ( MANK9D W\LD %OOT 
!MSELVES )\T DELAY1 = TO LIVE 9 OPPOSITION TO ONE'S 
REASON IS ! MO/ 9TOL]ABLE CONDITION4 ,& ?AT IS ! 
CONDITION ( ALL M5 ( ! PRES5T DAY4 ,ALL M5 ( ! MOD]N 
WORLD EXI/ 9 A /ATE ( CONT9UAL & FLAGRANT ANTAGONISM 
BETWE5 !IR CONSCI5CE & !IR WAY ( LIFE4 ,?IS ANTAGONISM 
IS APP>5T 9 ECONOMIC AS WELL AS POLITICAL LIFE4 ,BUT MO/ 
/RIK+ ( ALL IS ! CONTRADICTION BETWE5 ! ,*RI/IAN LAW ( 
! BRO!RHOOD ( M5 EXI/+ 9 ! CONSCI5CE & ! 
NECESSITY UND] :I* ALL M5 >E PLAC$ BY COMPULSORY MILIT>Y 
S]VICE ( BE+ PREP>$ = HATR$ & MURD]--( BE+ AT ! 
SAME TIME A ,*RI/IAN & A GLADIATOR4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahic 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #e -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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