,9TRODUCTION 

#aibeaibe 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI 

,TEXT 3 

,! FIR/ DECADE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY SEEM$ TO BE QUITE PROMIS+4 ,WE W]E BE+ TOLD AT S*OOL & ON ! /REETS ?AT A NEW ]A ( DEMOCRATIC FRE$OM & SOCIAL JU/ICE HAD OP5$4 ,CRITICISM ( ! OLD 9/ITUTIONS WAS 5C\RAG$ BY POLITICIANS1 & ! HOPES ( WORK+ PEOPLE W]E RAIS$ BY ! LABOR UNIONS' PROMISES ( PROTECTION4 ,! VANGU>DS ( POLITICAL & SOCIAL ?\<T W]E SPREAD+ ! SE$S ( NEW IDEAS AMONG ! WORK]S ( ! WORLD AB\T WAYS & MEANS TO BR+ AB\T A ?OR\< EMANCIPATION FROM ! OPPRESSION ( POLITICAL P[] & FROM ! EXPLOITATION ( L& & CAPITAL BY PRIVATE [N]%IP4 

,RUL]S & EMPLOY]S HAD NOT *ANG$1 ( C\RSE1 & US$ VIOL5CE & T]ROR FROM TIME TO TIME4 ,BUT !IR BRUTALITY WAS BEG9N+ TO PROVOKE T5TATIVE EF=TS AT RESI/ANCE4 ,9 ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S1 ! M9+ FIELDS1 & AGR>IAN COMMUNITIES1 SPORADIC EXPLOSIONS ( REBELLION W]E REGI/]$4 ,9 ,RUSSIA A S]I\S REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T %OOK ! OLD ORD] ( ?+S DUR+ ! YE>S #a#i#e-#a#i#f4 ,! MOVEM5T WAS F9ALLY DEFEAT$1 BUT IT HAD BADLY DE/ROY$ ! MY? ( ! ,CZ>'S ABSOLUTE AU?ORITY1 &1 EV5 MORE IMPORTANT1 IT HAD DEEPLY HURT ! OLD REGIME AT ITS ROOTS1 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 

,9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE WORK+ PEOPLE W]E 9 MOTION4 ,! CLASS /RUGGLE WAS 9 FULL DEVELOPM5T1 & NO POLICE OR MILIT>Y BLOOD%$ SEEM$ ABLE TO /OP IT4 ,GOV]NM5TS USE JAILS & GUNS AGA9/ DISS5T1 BUT !RE >E NOT 5\< JAILS & GUNS TO SIL5CE ALL DISS5T]S :5 !Y >E DET]M9$ TO SPEAK \T & FI<T = !IR RI<TS4 ,EV]Y:]E DISS5T HAD F\ND WAYS TO EXPRESS ITSELF4 ,9 ,ITALY ALONE1 MORE ?AN EI<TY AN>*I/ P]IODICALS W]E PUBLI%$ -- ) V>Y+ SUCCESS -- DUR+ ! FIR/ SEV5 YE>S ( ! C5TURY4 ,& MANY1 MANY MORE W]E1 ( C\RSE1 BE+ PUBLI%$ ELSE:]E1 9 ,EUROPE & ! ,AM]ICAS4 

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE>1 #a#i#g1 SOME ,BELGIAN & ,DUT* COMRADES PROPOS$ AN ,9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS TO BE HELD SOME TIME 9 ! FOLL[+ ,SUMM]4 ,IT WAS CONSID]$ ! FIR/ TRULY 9T]NATIONAL ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS1 & IT TOOK PLACE 9 ,AM/]DAM FROM ! #b#cRD TO ! #c#a/ DAY ( ,OCTOB] #a#i#g4 

,DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 ONE ( ! MO/ ABSORB+ DEBATES AMONG ! AN>*I/S WAS AB\T ! ATTITUDE !Y W\LD TAKE ON ! SUBJECT ( SYNDICALISM4 .<#a.> ,BORN 9 ,FRANCE1 SYNDICALISM WAS SUB/ANTIALLY A REBELLION AGA9/ ! SUBMISSIVE *>ACT] ! TRADE UNIONS & SIMIL> LABOR ORGANIZATIONS HAD ASSUM$ UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! LEGALI/ SOCIALI/S4 ,REGIONAL & NATIONAL CONV5TIONS W]E PROMOT$ 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 ,9 ,ITALY1 ONE SU* CONGRESS WAS HELD 9 ,ROME FROM ! #a#f? TO ! #b? DAY ( ,JUNE #a#i#g1 ) ! P>TICIPATION ( MORE ?AN ONE HUNDR$ MILITANTS FROM ALL P>TS ( ,ITALY4 

,IT WAS ! FIR/ PUBLIC GA!R+ ( AN>*I/S 9 ,ITALY S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( ! C5TURY1 & ! CONS]VATIVE CIRCLES1 ! FA9!>T$ & ! FANATICS1 9=M$ BY AN AL>MI/ PRESS1 C\LD NOT HELP NOTIC+ IT & BROOD+ OV] IT4 ,H[ GREAT & H[ IMM95T C\LD ! DANG] ( SU* 'SUBV]SIVE' ACTIVITIES BE8 ,MR4 ,CES>E ,SOBR]O1 ! ,ROMAN CORRESPOND5T ( A ,TUR9 DAILY NEWSPAP]1 ,LA ,/AMPA1 REMEMB]$ ?AT A ,ROMAN LAWY]1 ,FRANCESCO ,SAV]IO ,M]L9O1 .<#b.> :O HAD BE5 = MANY YE>S A CAPABLE & LE>N$ AN>*I/ MILITANT & A COMPET5T WRIT] ON SOCIAL MATT]S1 MI<T BE ( EXCEPTIONAL HELP 9 SE>*+ = AN ANSW] TO !SE QUE/IONS4 

,M]L9O CONS5T$ TO BE 9T]VIEW$1 & ! RESULT WAS PUBLI%$ BY ,LA ,/AMPA ON #ah ,JUNE UND] ! S5SATIONAL TITLE1 ',LA ,F9E ,DELL ,AN>*ISMO' 7,! ,5D ( ,AN>*ISM74 ,O!R OR?ODOX NEWSPAP]S1 SU* AS ,L',ORA 9 ,PAL]MO & ,L',UNIONE 9 ,TUNIS REPR9T$ IT V]BATIM = ! B5EFIT ( !IR MIDDLE-CLASS READ]S4 

,OBVI\SLY1 ! MORE ?AN ONE HUNDR$ AN>*I/S GA!R$ 9 ,ROME -- AS WELL AS !IR COMRADES SCATT]$ ?R\<\T ALL P>TS ( ,ITALY & ! WORLD -- FELT ?AT ! (F5SIVE /ATEM5T WAS UNW>RANT$1 ?AT AN>*ISM WAS V]Y MU* ALIVE 9 !IR HE>TS1 9 !IR M9DS1 & ABOVE ALL1 9 !IR WORDS & DE$S4 

,LUIGI ,FABBRI1.<#c.> :O WAS !N CO$ITOR ) ,PIETRO ,GORI .<#d.> ( ! =TNI<TLY REVIEW ,IL ,P5SI]O 7,?\<T7 & A P]SONAL FRI5D ( ,M]L9O1 C\LDN'T BELIEVE HIS EYES4 ,HE WROTE TO ,M]L9O1 ASK+ IF ! '/RANGE' PUBLI%$ TEXT ( ! 9T]VIEW WAS REALLY A FAI?FUL PRES5TATION ( HIS OP9IONS4 ,A REPLY CAME TO HIM PROMPTLY1 SAY+ ?AT EV]Y?+ 9 ! PUBLI%$ 9T]VIEW1 EXCEPT = ! TITLE1 REFLECT$ HIS OP9IONS ON AN>*ISM4 ,BO? ,M]L9O'S LETT] & ,FABBRI'S COMM5T>Y W]E LAT] PUBLI%$ 9 ,IL ,P5SI]O 9 ,ROME & 9 ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 ! ,ITALIAN LANGUAGE WEEKLY ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI HAD BE5 PUBLI%+ 9 ,B>RE1 ,V]MONT1 S9CE #a#i#c4 

,LUIGI ,GALLEANI HAD BE51 LIKE ,M]L9O1 A WELL KN[N MILITANT 9 ! ,ITALIAN MOVEM5T S9CE ! EI<TE5-EI<TIES4 ,BO? W]E !N PASSIONATE FI<T]S = FRE$OM & SOCIAL JU/ICE AGA9/ ! BRUTAL REPRESSIONS ( ! ,ITALIAN ,GOV]NM5T4 ,9 #ahhd ,M]L9O WAS TRI$ = 'CONSPIRACY' & S5T5C$ BY A ,ROMAN TRIBUNAL TO F\R YE>S 9 PRISON4 ,ON APPEAL1 ! S5T5CE WAS R$UC$ TO ?REE YE>S1 BUT BY !N ,M]L9O HAD GONE ABROAD4 ,= T5 YE>S HE TRAVEL$ ?R\< ,WE/]N ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 SPREAD+ EV]Y:]E1 BY WORD ( M\?1 BY BOOKS1 >TICLES & ESSAYS1 HIS COMPET5T CRITICISMS ( ! EXI/+ ORD] ( ?+S4 ,9 #a#h#i#b1 :ILE 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 HE1 ) O!R ,ITALIAN COMRADES1 F\ND$ ! J\RNAL1 ,IL ,GRIDO DEGLI ,OPPRESSI1 7,! ,CRY ( ! ,OPPRESS$71 :I* EXI/$ UNTIL ,NOVEMB] #a#h#i#d4 ,BUT1 BY ?AT TIME1 ,M]L9O HAD RETURN$ TO ,ITALY :]E HE WAS >RE/$ 9 ,NAPLES & IMPRISON$ TO S]VE HIS OLD S5T5CE4 

,GALLEANI WAS ALSO 9 PRISON1 HAV+ BE5 >RE/$ 9 ,G5OA AT ! 5D ( #a#h#i#c1 TRI$ = CONSPIRACY ) #ce O!R COMRADES & S5T5C$ TO ?REE YE>S 9 PRISON4 

,BUT1 AT ! 5D ( ?AT P]IOD1 :ILE ,GALLEANI1 WAS MORE RESOLUTE ?AN EV] 9 HIS CONVICTIONS1 WAS =C$ TO TAKE UP RESID5CE ON AN ISL& UND] POLICE SUP]VISION 7DOMICILIO COATTO71 ,M]L9O WAS SET COMPLETELY FREE AT ! 5D ( HIS T]M4 ,& AT ! BEG9N+ ( #a#h#i#g1 HAV+ E/ABLI%$ HIMSELF 9 ,ROME1 HE S5T A LETT] TO ! CONS]VATIVE NEWSPAP]1 ,IL ,MESSAGG]O DECL>+ ?AT HIS OP9IONS HAD *ANG$4 ,?IS PROVOK$ A DEBATE ) ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1.<#e.> A DEBATE ?AT CONT9U$ UNTIL #a#h#i#h1 :5 ,MALATE/A WAS >RE/$4 ,9 CONCLUSION1 ,M]L9O /AT$ ?AT HE NO LONG] CONSID]$ HIMSELF AN AN>*I/1 BUT ?AT HE W\LD RA!R DEF9E HIMSELF A 'LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/'4 ,FUR!RMORE1 HE N[ APPROV$ ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 SO MU* SO1 ?AT1 9 AGREEM5T ) O!R FRI5DS1 HE PROPOS$ TO PRES5T ,GALLEANI 7:O WAS !N CONF9$ TO ! ISL& ( ,PANTELL]IA1 SITUAT$ BETWE5 ,SICILY & ,TUNISIA7 AS A C&IDATE = ,P>LIAM5T ON ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TICKET AS A PROTE/ AGA9/ POLITICAL DET5TION & AS A MEANS TO SET HIM FREE BY POPUL> REQUE/4 

,GALLEANI REFUS$ ! (F]1 PUBLICLY & MO/ EMPHATICALLY1 & S5T TO ! AN>*I/ PAP] ,L',AGITAZIONE 7( ,ANCONA7 A SIGN$ /ATEM5T TO ?AT EFFECT4 ,AFT] ?IS1 A COLLECTIVE PROPOSAL FROM ! AN>*I/ PRISON]S ON ,PANTELL]IA WAS S5T TO ALL O!R AN>*I/ PRISON]S1 EI!R 9 ,ITALIAN JAILS OR 9 DOMICILIO COATTO4 ,IT WAS AN APPEAL TO PUBLI% A SPECIAL PAP]1 $IT$ & PAID = BY !MSELVES1 = ! PURPOSE ( ASS]T+ ONCE & = ALL !IR FIRM REFUSAL TO COMPROMISE1 OR 9 ANY WAY DI/ORT1 !IR OPPOSITION TO ! ,/ATE -- A FUNDAM5TAL T5ET ( !IR CONVICTIONS AS AN>*I/S 

,!IR PROPOSAL WAS ACCEPT$ BY ALL4 ,! COMRADES FROM ,ANCONA AGRE$ TO PUBLI% ! PRISON]S' DECL>ATIONS1 & A F\R-PAGE NEWSPAP] APPE>$ ON ! SECOND DAY ( ,NOVEMB] #ahii UND] ! TITLE1 ,I ,MORTI 7,! ,DECEAS$74 ,IT C>RI$ ! BYL9E1 0,$IT$ & PUBLI%$ BY ! POLITICAL PRISON]S04 ,>TICLES & /ATEM5TS W]E SIGN$ 9DIVIDUALLY OR COLLECTIVELY BY ! DETA9$ AN>*I/S4 ,! FRONT PAGE C>RI$ AN $ITORIAL BY ,GALLEANI 5TITL$1 ,MANET ,IMMOTA ,FIDES 7,! FAI? REMA9S UN%AK571 /AT+ ?AT ! HO/AGES ( REACTION W]E V]Y MU* ALIVE & DET]M9$ TO SAVE ! DIGNITY ( !IR PR9CIPLES4 ,!Y W\LD RA!R REMA9 9 ! SQUALOR ( !IR JAILS OR !IR ISL&S ( CONF9EM5T1 AT PEACE ) !MSELVES1 ?AN RETURN TO ! SO-CALL$ FREE WORLD BY B[+ TO !IR JAIL]S -- :OM !Y DESPIS$ -- ) CONCESSIONS !Y KNEW TO BE FALSE & %AMEFUL4 

,! PAP] WAS CONFISCAT$ BY ! POLICE1 BUT 5\< COPIES W]E SAV$ & CIRCULAT$ ALL OV] ,ITALY & ABROAD TO SECURE IT AN 5DUR+ PLACE 9 ! HE>TS & MEMORIES ( MILITANTS & CONC]N$ PEOPLE4 

,%ORTLY AFT] ?IS1 ,GALLEANI ESCAP$ FROM ! ISL& ( ,PANTELL]IA4 ,HE L&$ 9 ,NOR? ,AFRICA & TRI$ TO SETTLE 9 ,EGYPT1 BUT )\T SUCCESS4 ,9 FACT1 HE F\ND HIMSELF FAC+ ! DANG] ( EXTRADITION TO ,ITALY4 ,SO HE MOV$ TO ,LONDON ) HIS FAMILY & FROM !RE EMB>K$ = ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E HE HAD BE5 (F]$ $ITORIAL RESPONSIBILITY = ,LA ,QUE/IONE ,SOCIALE1 AN ,ITALIAN LANGUAGE WEEKLY :I* HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ,PAT]SON1 ,N,J S9CE #a#h#i#e4 

,>RIV+ 9 ,PAT]SON 9 ,OCTOB] #a#i#a1 HE F\ND ?\S&S ( WEAV]S & DY]S ( ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY 9 TURMOIL AGA9/ !IR EMPLOY]S & EXPLOIT]S4 ,( C\RSE1 HE WAS SOON 9VOLV$ 9 !IR /RUGGLE & HE CONTRIBUT$ UNSP>+LY1 NOT ONLY ) ! SPOK5 & WRITT5 WORD1 BUT ALSO ) HIS P]SONAL SOLID>ITY4 ,SO MU* SO1 ?AT ON #ah ,JUNE #a#i#b1 ON ! OCCASION ( A %>P CLA%1 HE WAS W\ND$ 9 ! %OOT+4 ,HE SAV$ HIMSELF FROM >RE/ BY CROSS+ ! ,SLATE L9E4 ,COMRADES ,WILLIAM ,MC,QUE5 & ,RUDOLF ,GROSSMAN 7,PI]RE ,RAMUS71.<#f.> AL?\< NOT 9VOLV$ 9 ! CLA%1 W]E >RE/$1 TRI$1 & S5T5C$ TO LIVE YE>S 9 PRISON4 ,GALLEANI F\ND REFUGE 9 ! ,/ATE ( ,V]MONT1 :]E UND] ! NAME ( ,LUIGI ,PIMP9O HE />T$ ) ! HELP ( ! LOCAL AN>*I/ GR\P ! WEEKLY ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 :I* CONT9U$ UNTIL ! YE> #aiah :5 IT WAS SUPPRESS$ BY ! ,U,S ,F$]AL ,GOV]NM5T = ITS /& AGA9/ ! W>4 

,M]L9O'S 9T]VIEW WAS DULY NOT$ 9 ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA1 AS WAS ! TEXT ( ,M]L9O'S LETT] TO ,FABBRI4 ,ONCE ! AU!NTICITY ( ! 9T]VIEW HAD BE5 E/ABLI%$1 ,GALLEANI FELT ?AT SOME?+ ELSE HAD TO BE SAID4 ,& HE SAID IT 9 A V]Y 9T]E/+ WAY4 

,UND] ! HEADL9E ',LA ,F9E DEL',AN>*ISMO8' -- ,GALLEANI TURN$ ! TITLE ( ,M]L9O'S 9T]VIEW 9TO A QUE/ION -- A S]IES ( T5 >TICLES WAS PUBLI%$ FROM #ag ,AUGU/ #aig TO #be ,JANU>Y #a#i#h4 ,!N ! S]IES /OPP$ NEV] TO REAPPE> ON ! PAGES ( ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA4 

,TO BE SURE1 ,GALLEANI NEV] RESIGN$ HIMSELF TO LEAVE ! ESSAY ON AN>*ISM UNF9I%$1 BUT ?+S W]E HAPP5+ 9 ! WORLD :I* ATTRACT$ HIS IMM$IATE ATT5TION4 ,HE WAS A FI<T]1 AN AGITATOR1 IF Y\ PREF]1 & HE CONCEIV$ ( AN>*ISM AS A WAY ( LIFE1 A ME?OD 9T5D$ TO OP5 & EXP& A COH]5T WAY TO ! EV5TUAL EMANCIPATION ( MANK9D4 ,HE FELT ?AT HIS TIME & 5]GIES %\LD BE D$ICAT$ TO ! IMM$IATE TASKS & PROBLEMS ( ! DAILY /RUGGLE ?AT >E NECESS>Y TO ASS]T ! VITALITY ( AN>*ISM & PAVE ! WAY TO ! FUTURE4 

,?OSE1 ! PRE-,WORLD ,W> ,ONE YE>S1 W]E DYNAMIC TIMES4 ,!RE WAS ! WORLD-WIDE AWAK5+ ( ! TOIL+ MASSES TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( !IR PLACE 9 SOCIETY & TO !IR RI<T TO BE FREE FROM CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION & POLITICAL OPPRESSION4 ,!RE W]E /RIKES ON AN UNPREC$5T$ SCALE & VIOL5T REPRESSIONS2 MILIT>Y CONQUE/S1 W>MONG]+ & 9TRIGUES AMONG CAPITALI/S & RUL]S4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES IT WAS ! TIME ( ! TRUCUL5T ,T4 ,ROOSEVELT REGIME ?AT1 9 ! NAME ( FRE$OM1 CONQU]$ ALI5 T]RITORIES 9 ! ,C>IBBEAN ,SEA & 9 ! ,PACIFIC ,OCEAN1 & 9TRODUC$ AT HOME ! 9QUISITORIAL CRUSADE AGA9/ AN>*ISM4 ,!N CAME ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>4 ,CRONACA ,SOVV]SIVA WAS SUPPRESS$ -- AS W]E HUNDR$S ( O!R MORE OR LESS RADICAL NEWSPAP]S & REVIEWS1 ACCUS$ ( H]ESY OR TREASON2 ,GALLEANI WAS DEPORT$ TO ,ITALY -- AS W]E HUNDR$S ( O!RS DEPORT$ TO !IR RESPECTIVE NATIVE L&S1 M>K$ AS UNDESIRABLE = !IR UNOR?ODOX OP9IONS4.<#g.> 

,SU* W]E ! REASONS ?AT COMPELL$ HIM TO GIVE PRIORITY TO ! DAILY /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! IMM$IATE EVILS4 ,:51 AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! YE> #a#i#b#d1 HE WAS RELEAS$ FROM A ,TUR9 PRISON 7HE HAD SP5T A F\RTE5 MON? S5T5CE IMPOS$ ON HIM BY ! LOCAL CRIM9AL C\RT = SOME ANTI-MILIT>I/IC >TICLES71 HE F\ND HIMSELF ALONE1 OLD1 ILL & UND] ! CON/ANT POLICE SURVEILLANCE ( ! FASCI/ REGIME4 ,HIS M9D RETURN$ TO HIS UNF9I%$ WORKS4 ,ONE WAS ! TRANSLATION ( ! LA/ *APT]S ( ,CLEM5T ,DUVAL'S AUTOBIOGRAPHY4.<#h.> ,! ESSAY ON AN>*ISM WAS ! O!R4 ,BO? W]E PUBLI%$ BY ,L',ADUNATA DEI ,REFRATT>I ,! ,CALL ( ! ,REFRACTAIRES7 ! ,ITALIAN LANGUAGE WEEKLY ?AT HAD />T$ ITS PUBLICATION 9 ,NEW ,YORK ,CITY1 #ae ,APRIL #a#i#b#b4 

',LA ,F9E DELL',AN>*ISMO8' APPE>$ 9 ITS 5TIRETY = ! FIR/ TIME 9 TW5TY-F\R 9/ALLM5TS FROM #aa ,OCTOB] #a#i#b#d1 TO #aa ,APRIL #a#i#b#e4 ,LAT]1 9 ! SAME YE>1 ! :OLE S]IES WAS ISSU$ 9 BOOK =M BY ! $ITORS ( ,L',ADUNATA2 A BOOK ( ONE HUNDR$ & ?IRTY PAGES1 FIFTY-TWO ( :I* COV] ! TEXT WRITT5 & FIR/ PUBLI%$ 9 #aig & ! REMA9+ SEV5TY-EI<T PAGES1 ! SECTION :I* WAS WRITT5 9 ITS DEF9ITIVE =M 9 #a#i#b#d4 

,! TEXT WAS PREC$$ BY A SIX-L9E 9SCRIPTION1 H&WRITT5 & SIGN$ BY ,LUIGI ,GALLEANI4 ,IT WAS D$ICAT$ TO HIS OLD COMRADES1 LIV+ 9 ,AM]ICA1 9 MEMORY ( ! MANY YE>S !Y HAD SP5T SIDE BY SIDE1 WORK+1 HOP+ & /RUGGL+ = !IR MUTUAL CAUSE ( FRE$OM & JU/ICE4 ,?IS WAS FOLL[$ BY A PREFACE1 WRITT5 BY ! FIR/ $ITOR ( ,L',ADUNATA1 ,CO/ANT9O ,ZON*ELLO4.<#i.> ,9 ! SECOND $ITION !SE TWO ITEMS DO NOT APPE>4 ,9 !IR PLACE1 9/EAD1 WAS A 'PRES5TATION' BY ,G ,ROSE4.<#a.> :O ADD$ A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( FOOTNOTES TO ! ESSAY1 MANY ( :I* >E TRANSLAT$ = ! PRES5T $ITION4 

,! BOOK WAS WELL RECEIV$ BY ! MOVEM5T ON BO? SIDES ( ! ,ATLANTIC ,OCEAN4 ,]RICO ,MALATE/A1 :O RECEIV$ ONE ( ! FEW COPIES ?AT PASS$ ?R\< ! ?ICK WALL ( FASCI/ C5SOR%IP1 WROTE FAVORABLY AB\T IT 9 ,P5SI]O E ,VOLONTA 7! REVIEW HE WAS PUBLI%+ 9 ,ROME7 -- SAY+ ?AT IT WAS NOT ONLY1 0,A CLE> PRES5TATION ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM01 IT WAS ALSO 0,A LUCID /ATEM5T ( ! EV]-PRES5T PROBLEMS ( AN>*ISM 9 RELATION TO ! W\LD-BE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5TS04 ,HE DEPLOR$ ! FACT ?AT V]Y FEW ,ITALIANS HAD ! OPPORTUNITY TO READ IT4.<#a#a.> 

,?AT AN>*ISM IS NEI!R DEAD NOR DY+ IS -- 9 !SE F9AL DECADES ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY -- BETT] PROV$ BY FACTS ?AN WORDS4 ,! *RONICLES ( ! ,RUSSIAN & ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTIONS HAVE DOCUM5T$ BEYOND ANY REASONABLE D\BT ! GREAT IMPORTANCE ( ! AN>*I/ IDEAS & ACTIVITIES 9 ! /RUGGLE = ! OV]?R[+ ( ! OLD FEUDAL & MILIT>I/IC REGIMES4 ,NO LESS IMPORTANT HAVE BE5 ! AN>*I/S' EXP]IM5TATIONS ) NEW =MS ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION4 

,EQUALLY IMPRESSIVE IS ! FACT ?AT1 EV5 :]E ! SELF-/YL$ SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION>IES HAVE MANAG$ TO IMPOSE !IR P>TY'S RULE1 !Y HAVE FAIL$ TO LIVE UP TO !IR ORIG9AL PROMISES ( FRE$OM & JU/ICE = ALL !IR SUBJECTS4 ,:]E !Y RULE ALONE1 !Y 9FLICT ON !IR PEOPLES ! YOKE ( A POLITICAL & ECONOMIC TYRANNY ?AT HAS NO EQUAL EXCEPT 9 FASCI/ DICTATOR%IPS4 ,& :]E !Y HAVE 5T]$ 9TO A P>TN]%IP ) ! OLD POLITICIANS ( CAPITALISM & ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 !Y FUNCTION MORE AS CU/ODIANS & GU>DIANS ( ! COMMON PEOPLE :O VOTE = !M1 ?AN AS DEF5D]S ( !IR RI<TS & FRE$OM4 

,9 !SE CIRCUM/ANCES1 M5 & WOM51 5D[$ ) HE>T & BRA9S1 CONC]N$ AB\T ! FUTURE ( MANK9D1 FEEL !Y HAVE NO:]E TO TURN = HOPE & 9SPIRATION EXCEPT TO ! IDEAS1 EXP]I5CE1 & HI/ORY ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,& ?AT IS :]E ,GALLEANI'S LITTLE BOOK WILL BE ( GREAT HELP TODAY1 TOMORR[ & =EV]1 UNTIL ! TOTAL EMANCIPATION ( MANK9D FROM ! SC\RGES ( OPPRESSION1 EXPLOITATION & IGNORANCE >E ]AS$ FROM ! FACE ( ! E>?4 

,IT IS1 ( C\RSE1 ONE MAN'S CONCEPTION ( AN>*ISM1 ITS MEAN+1 ITS HI/ORY & ITS HOPES = ! FUTURE4 ,BUT ?AT MAN HAS KN[L$GE1 EXP]I5CE1 9TEGRITY & A :OLE LIFE ( /RUGGLE1 SUFF]+ & C\RAGE' ,IT IS WOR? SEE+ :AT HE HAS TO SAY4 

,GALLEANI'S BOOK WAS WELL-RECEIV$ BY HIS FRI5DS & COMRADES1 BUT1 AS A RESULT1 HE WAS 9CREAS+LY P]SECUT$ BY HIS 5EMIES4 ,IMM$IATELY AFT] ! PUBLICATION ( ,LA ,F9E DELL',AN>*ISMO81 9 ,AM]ICA ! ,ITALIAN POLICE BEGAN TO 9T5SIFY !IR H>ASSM5TS ) MORE FREQU5T 9VASIONS ( HIS H\SE1 ) >RE/S & IMPRISONM5TS = RECEIV+ 'DANG]\S' NEWSPAP]S FROM ABROAD4 ,BE=E ! 5D ( ! YE> #a#i#b#g1 HE WAS F9ALLY >RE/$ & S5T BACK TO CONF9O 9 ! ,TYRRH5IAN ,>*IPELAGO ( ,LIP>I1 (F ! NOR!RN COA/ ( ,SICILY1 :]E HE REMA9$ UNTIL #bh ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c4 ,EV5 !RE HE WAS >RE/$ AGA9 & S5T TO ,MESS9A1 :]E HE WAS =MALLY TRI$ -- & S5T5C$ TO SIX MON?S & SIX DAYS 9 PRISON ON A TRUMP$-UP *>GE ( HAV+ 9SULT$444 ,MUSSOL9I4 ,9 A SMALL M\NTA9 VILLAGE1 /ILL UND] POLICE SURVEILLANCE1 HE DI$ ON #d ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#a1 AT ! AGE ( SEV5TY4  
  

,M4,S4 ,NOVEMB] #aiha 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aibd 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,SEPTEMB] #b#d1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

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