,*APT] #g1 ,SECTION #g4#c 
,DISA/R\S & ,9EVITABLE ,CONSEQU5CES ( ! ,TAX4 7,PROVISIONS1 ,SUMPTU>Y ,LAWS1 ,RURAL & ,9DU/RIAL ,POLICE1 ,PAT5TS1 ,TRADE-M>KS1 ,ETC47 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

 #c4 -- ,DISA/R\S & 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CES ( ! TAX4 7,PROVISIONS1 SUMPTU>Y LAWS1 RURAL & 9DU/RIAL POLICE1 PAT5TS1 TRADE-M>KS1 ETC47 

  

,M4 ,*EVALI] ADDRESS$ TO HIMSELF1 9 ,JULY1 #a#h#d#c1 ON ! SUBJECT ( ! TAX1 ! FOLL[+ QUE/IONS3 

7#a7 ,IS IT ASK$ ( ALL OR BY PREF]5CE ( A P>T ( ! NATION8 7#b7 ,DOES ! TAX RESEMBLE A LEVY ON POLLS1 OR IS IT EXACTLY PROPORTION$ TO ! =TUNES ( ! TAX-PAY]S8 7#c7 ,IS AGRICULTURE MORE OR LESS BURD5$ ?AN MANUFACTURES OR COMM]CE8 7#d7 ,IS REAL E/ATE MORE OR LESS SP>$ ?AN P]SONAL PROP]TY8 7#e7 ,IS HE :O PRODUCES MORE FAVOR$ ?AN HE :O CONSUMES8 7#f7 ,HAVE \R TAXATION LAWS ! *>ACT] ( SUMPTU>Y LAWS8 

,TO !SE V>I\S QUE/IONS ,M4 ,*EVALI] MAKES ! REPLY :I* ,I AM AB\T TO QUOTE1 & :I* SUMS UP ALL ( ! MO/ PHILOSOPHICAL CONSID]ATIONS UPON ! SUBJECT :I* ,I HAVE MET3 

7A7 ,! TAX AFFECTS ! UNIV]SALITY1 APPLIES TO ! MASS1 TAKES ! NATION AS A :OLE2 NEV]!LESS1 AS ! POOR >E ! MO/ NUM]\S1 IT TAXES !M WILL+LY1 C]TA9 ( COLLECT+ MORE4 7B7 ,BY ! NATURE ( ?+S ! TAX SOMETIMES TAKES ! =M ( A LEVY ON POLLS1 AS 9 ! CASE ( ! SALT TAX4 7C1 D1 E7 ,! TREASURY ADDRESSES ITSELF TO LABOR AS WELL AS TO CONSUMPTION1 BECAUSE 9 ,FRANCE EV]YBODY LABORS1 TO REAL MORE ?AN TO P]SONAL PROP]TY1 & TO AGRICULTURE MORE ?AN TO MANUFACTURES4 7F7 ,BY ! SAME REASON+1 \R LAWS P>TAKE LITTLE ( ! *>ACT] ( SUMPTU>Y LAWS4 

,:AT1 PR(ESSOR6 IS ?AT ALL ?AT SCI5CE HAS TAU<T Y\8 ,! TAX APPLIES TO ! MASS1 Y\ SAY2 IT TAKES ! NATION AS A :OLE4 ,ALAS6 WE KN[ IT ONLY TOO WELL2 BUT IT IS ?IS :I* IS 9IQUIT\S1 & :I* WE ASK Y\ TO EXPLA94 ,! GOV]NM5T1 :5 5GAG$ 9 ! ASSESSM5T & DI/RIBUTION ( ! TAX1 C\LD NOT HAVE BELIEV$1 DID NOT BELIEVE1 ?AT ALL =TUNES W]E EQUAL2 CONSEQU5TLY IT C\LD NOT HAVE WI%$1 DID NOT WI%1 ! SUMS PAID TO BE EQUAL4 ,:Y1 !N1 IS ! PRACTICE ( ! GOV]NM5T ALWAYS ! OPPOSITE ( ITS !ORY8 ,Y\R OP9ION1 IF Y\ PLEASE1 ON ?IS DIFFICULT MATT]8 ,EXPLA92 JU/IFY OR CONDEMN ! EX*EQU]2 TAKE :ATEV] C\RSE Y\ WILL1 PROVID$ Y\ TAKE SOME C\RSE & SAY SOME?+4 ,REMEMB] ?AT Y\R READ]S >E M51 & ?AT !Y CANNOT EXCUSE 9 A DOCTOR1 SPEAK+ EX CA!DRA1 SU* PROPOSITIONS AS ?IS3 AS ! POOR >E ! MO/ NUM]\S1 IT TAXES !M WILL+LY1 C]TA9 ( COLLECT+ MORE4 ,NO1 ,MONSIEUR3 NUMB]S DO NOT REGULATE ! TAX2 ! TAX KN[S P]FECTLY WELL ?AT MILLIONS ( POOR ADD$ TO MILLIONS ( POOR DO NOT MAKE ONE VOT]4 ,Y\ R5D] ! TREASURY ODI\S BY MAK+ IT ABSURD1 & ,I MA9TA9 ?AT IT IS NEI!R ! ONE NOR ! O!R4 ,! POOR MAN PAYS MORE ?AN ! RI* BECAUSE ,PROVID5CE1 TO :OM MIS]Y IS ODI\S LIKE VISE1 HAS SO ORD]$ ?+S ?AT ! MIS]ABLE MU/ ALWAYS BE ! MO/ GR\ND D[N4 ,! 9IQUITY ( ! TAX IS ! CELE/IAL SC\RGE :I* DRIVES US T[>DS EQUALITY4 ,GOD6 IF A PR(ESSOR ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 :O WAS =M]LY AN APO/LE1 C\LD BUT UND]/& ?IS REVELATION6 

,BY ! NATURE ( ?+S1 SAYS ,M4 ,*EVALI]1 ! TAX SOMETIMES TAKES ! =M ( A LEVY ON POLLS4 ,WELL1 9 :AT CASE IS IT JU/ ?AT ! TAX %\LD TAKE ! =M ( A LEVY ON POLLS8 ,IS IT ALWAYS1 OR NEV]8 ,:AT IS ! PR9CIPLE ( ! TAX8 ,:AT IS ITS OBJECT8 ,SPEAK1 ANSW]4 

,& :AT 9/RUCTION1 PRAY1 CAN WE D]IVE FROM ! REM>K1 SC>CELY WOR?Y ( QUOTATION1 ?AT ! TREASURY ADDRESSES ITSELF TO LABOR AS WELL AS TO CONSUMPTION1 TO REAL MORE ?AN TO P]SONAL PROP]TY1 TO AGRICULTURE MORE ?AN TO MANUFACTURES8 ,( :AT CONSEQU5CE TO SCI5CE IS ?IS 9T]M9ABLE RECITAL ( CRUDE FACTS1 IF Y\R ANALYSIS NEV] EXTRACTS A S+LE IDEA FROM !M8 

,ALL ! D$UCTIONS MADE FROM CONSUMPTION BY TAXATION1 R5T1 9T]E/ ON CAPITAL1 ETC41 5T] 9TO ! G5]AL EXP5SE ACC\NT & FIGURE 9 ! SELL+ PRICE1 SO ?AT NE>LY ALWAYS ! CONSUM] PAYS ! TAX3 ?AT WE KN[4 ,& AS ! GOODS MO/ CONSUM$ >E ALSO ?OSE :I* YIELD ! MO/ REV5UE1 IT NECESS>ILY FOLL[S ?AT ! POORE/ PEOPLE >E ! MO/ HEAVILY BURD5$3 ?IS CONSEQU5CE1 LIKE ! FIR/1 IS 9EVITABLE4 ,ONCE MORE1 !N1 ( :AT IMPORTANCE TO US >E Y\R FISCAL DI/9CTIONS8 ,:ATEV] ! CLASSIFICATION ( TAXABLE MAT]IAL1 AS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TAX CAPITAL BEYOND ITS 9COME1 ! CAPITALI/ WILL BE ALWAYS FAVOR$1 :ILE ! PROLETAIRE WILL SUFF] 9IQUITY1 OPPRESSION4 ,! TR\BLE IS NOT 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( TAXES2 IT IS 9 ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS4 ,M4 ,*EVALI] CANNOT BE IGNORANT ( ?IS3 :Y1 !N1 DOES NOT ,M4 ,*EVALI]1 :OSE WORD W\LD C>RY MORE WEI<T ?AN ?AT ( A WRIT] SUSPECT$ ( NOT LOV+ ! EXI/+ ORD]1 SAY AS MU*8 

,FROM #ahf TO #ahaa 7?IS OBS]VATION1 AS WELL AS ! FOLL[+1 IS ,M4 ,*EVALI]'S7 ! ANNUAL CONSUMPTION ( W9E 9 ,P>IS WAS ONE HUNDR$ & =TY QU>TS = EA* 9DIVIDUAL2 N[ IT IS NOT MORE ?AN EI<TY-?REE4 ,ABOLI% ! TAX ( SEV5 OR EI<T C5TS A QU>T COLLECT$ FROM ! RETAIL]1 & ! CONSUMPTION ( W9E WILL SOON RISE FROM EI<TY-?REE QU>TS TO ONE HUNDR$ & SEV5TY-FIVE2 & ! W9E 9DU/RY1 :I* DOES NOT KN[ :AT TO DO ) ITS PRODUCTS1 WILL HAVE A M>KET4 ,?ANKS TO ! DUTIES LAID UPON ! IMPORTATION ( CATTLE1 ! CONSUMPTION ( MEAT BY ! PEOPLE HAS DIM9I%$ 9 A RATIO SIMIL> TO ?AT ( ! FALL+-(F 9 ! CONSUMPTION ( W9E2 & ! ECONOMI/S HAVE RECOGNIZ$ ) FRI<T ?AT ! ,FR5* WORKMAN DOES LESS WORK ?AN ! ,5GLI% WORKMAN1 BECAUSE HE IS NOT AS WELL F$4 

,\T ( SYMPA?Y = ! LABOR+ CLASSES ,M4 ,*EVALI] W\LD LIKE \R MANUFACTUR]S TO FEEL ! GOAD ( =EIGN COMPETITION A LITTLE4 ,A R$UCTION ( ! TAX ON WOOL5S TO ! EXT5T ( TW5TY C5TS ON EA* PAIR ( PANTALOONS W\LD LEAVE SIX MILLION DOLL>S 9 ! POCKETS ( ! CONSUM]S1 -- HALF 5\< TO PAY ! SALT TAX4 ,F\R C5TS LESS 9 ! PRICE ( A %IRT W\LD EFFECT A SAV+ PROBABLY SUFFICI5T TO KEEP A =CE ( TW5TY ?\S& M5 UND] >MS4 

,9 ! LA/ FIFTE5 YE>S ! CONSUMPTION ( SUG> HAS RIS5 FROM ONE HUNDR$ & SIXTE5 MILLION P\NDS TO TWO HUNDR$ & SIXTY MILLION1 :I* GIVES AT PRES5T AN AV]AGE ( SEV5 P\NDS & ?REE-QU>T]S = EA* 9DIVIDUAL4 ,?IS PROGRESS DEMON/RATES ?AT SUG> MU/ BE CLASS$ H5CE=? ) BREAD1 W9E1 MEAT1 WOOL1 COTTON1 WOOD1 & COAL1 AMONG ! >TICLES ( PRIME NECESSITY4 ,TO ! POOR MAN SUG> IS A :OLE M$IC9E-*E/3 W\LD IT BE TOO MU* TO RAISE ! AV]AGE 9DIVIDUAL CONSUMPTION ( ?IS >TICLE FROM SEV5 P\NDS & ?REE-QU>T]S TO FIFTE5 P\NDS8 ,ABOLI% ! TAX1 :I* IS AB\T F\R DOLL>S & A HALF ON A HUNDR$ P\NDS1 & Y\R CONSUMPTION WILL D\BLE4 

,?US ! TAX ON PROVISIONS AGITATES & TORTURES ! POOR PROLETAIRE 9 A ?\S& WAYS3 ! HI< PRICE ( SALT H9D]S ! PRODUCTION ( CATTLE2 ! DUTIES ON MEAT DIM9I% ALSO ! RATIONS ( ! LABOR]4 ,TO SATISFY AT ONCE ! TAX & ! NE$ ( F]M5T$ BEV]AGES :I* ! LABOR+ CLASS FEELS1 !Y S]VE HIM ) MIXTURES UNKN[N TO ! *EMI/ AS WELL AS TO ! BREW] & ! W9E-GR[]4 ,:AT FUR!R NE$ HAVE WE ( ! DIET>Y PRESCRIPTIONS ( ! ,*UR*8 ,?ANKS TO ! TAX1 ! :OLE YE> IS ,L5T TO ! LABOR]1 & HIS ,EA/] D9N] IS NOT AS GOOD AS ,MONSEIGNEUR'S ,GOOD ,FRIDAY LUN*4 ,IT IS HI< TIME TO ABOLI% EV]Y:]E ! TAX ON CONSUMPTION1 :I* WEAK5S & />VES ! PEOPLE3 ?IS IS ! CONCLUSION ( ! ECONOMI/S AS WELL AS ( ! RADICALS4 

,BUT IF ! PROLETAIRE DOES NOT FA/ TO FE$ ,CES>1 :AT WILL ,CES> EAT8 ,& IF ! POOR MAN DOES NOT CUT HIS CLOAK TO COV] ,CES>'S NUDITY1 :AT WILL ,CES> WE>8 

,?AT IS ! QUE/ION1 ! 9EVITABLE QUE/ION1 ! QUE/ION TO BE SOLV$4 

,M4 ,*EVALI]1 !N1 HAV+ ASK$ HIMSELF AS HIS SIX? QUE/ION :E!R \R TAXATION LAWS HAVE ! *>ACT] ( SUMPTU>Y LAWS1 HAS ANSW]$3 ,NO1 \R TAXATION LAWS HAVE NOT ! *>ACT] ( SUMPTU>Y LAWS4 ,M4 ,*EVALI] MI<T HAVE ADD$ -- & IT W\LD HAVE BE5 BO? NEW & TRUE -- ?AT ?AT IS ! BE/ ?+ AB\T \R TAXATION LAWS4 ,BUT ,M4 ,*EVALI]1 :O1 :ATEV] HE MAY DO1 ALWAYS RETA9S SOME ( ! OLD LEAV5 ( RADICALISM1 HAS PREF]R$ TO DECLAIM AGA9/ LUXURY1 :]EBY HE C\LD NOT COMPROMISE HIMSELF ) ANY P>TY4 0,IF 9 ,P>IS10 HE CRIES1 0! TAX COLLECT$ FROM MEAT %\LD BE LAID UPON PRIVATE C>RIAGES1 SADDLE-HORSES & C>RIAGE-HORSES1 S]VANTS1 & DOGS1 IT W\LD BE A P]FECTLY EQUITABLE OP]ATION40 

,DOES ,M4 ,*EVALI]1 !N1 SIT 9 ! ,COLLEGE ( ,FRANCE TO EXP\ND ! POLITICS ( ,MASANIELLO8 ,I HAVE SE5 ! DOGS AT ,BASLE WE>+ ! TREASURY BADGE UPON !IR NECKS AS A SIGN ?AT !Y HAD BE5 TAX$1 & ,I LOOK$ UPON ! TAX ON DOGS1 9 A C\NTRY :]E TAXATION IS ALMO/ NO?+1 AS RA!R A MORAL LESSON & A HYGI5IC PRECAUTION ?AN A S\RCE ( REV5UE4 ,9 #ahdd ! DOG TAX ( =TY-TWO C5TS A HEAD GAVE A REV5UE ( @s#a#b1#f 9 ! 5TIRE PROV9CE ( ,BRABANT1 CONTA9+ #f#f#g1 9HABITANTS4 ,FROM ?IS IT MAY BE E/IMAT$ ?AT ! SAME TAX1 PRODUC+ 9 ALL ,FRANCE @s#f11 W\LD LI<T5 ! TAXES ( QUOTITE LESS ?AN TWO C5TS A YE> = EA* 9DIVIDUAL4 ,C]TA9LY ,I AM F> FROM PRET5D+ ?AT @s#f1 IS A SUM TO BE DISDA9$1 ESPECIALLY ) A PRODIGAL M9I/RY2 & ,I REGRET ?AT ! ,*AMB] %\LD HAVE REJECT$ ! DOG TAX1 :I* W\LD ALWAYS HAVE S]V$ TO 5D[ HALF A DOZ5 HI<NESSES4 ,BUT ,I REMEMB] ?AT A TAX ( ?IS NATURE IS LEVI$ MU* LESS 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! TREASURY ?AN AS A PROMOT] ( ORD]2 ?AT CONSEQU5TLY IT IS PROP] TO LOOK UPON IT1 FROM ! FISCAL PO9T ( VIEW1 AS ( NO IMPORTANCE2 & ?AT IT WILL EV5 HAVE TO BE ABOLI%$ AS AN ANNOYANCE :5 ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE1 HAV+ BECOME A LITTLE MORE HUMANIZ$1 %ALL FEEL A DISGU/ = ! COMPANION%IP ( BEA/S4 ,TWO C5TS A YE>1 :AT A RELIEF = POV]TY6 

,BUT ,M4 ,*EVALI] HAS O!R RES\RCES 9 RES]VE1 -- HORSES1 C>RIAGES1 S]VANTS1 >TICLES ( LUXURY1 LUXURY AT LA/6 ,H[ MU* IS CONTA9$ 9 ?AT ONE WORD1 ,L,U,X,U,R,Y6 

,LET US CUT %ORT ?IS PHANTASMAGORIA BY A SIMPLE CALCULATION2 REFLECTIONS WILL BE 9 ORD] LAT]4 ,9 #ahdb ! DUTIES COLLECT$ ON IMPORTS AM\NT$ TO @s#b#e1#h14 ,9 ?IS SUM ( @s#b#e1#h11 SIXTY-ONE >TICLES 9 COMMON USE FIGURE = @s#b#d1#h11 & ONE HUNDR$ & SEV5TY-SEV51 US$ ONLY BY ?OSE :O 5JOY A HI< DEGREE ( LUXURY1 = T5 ?\S& DOLL>S4 ,9 ! FIR/ CLASS SUG> YIELD$ A REV5UE ( @s#h1#f11 C(FEE @s#b1#d11 COTTON @s#b1#b11 WOOL5S @s#b111 OILS @s#a1#f11 COAL @s#h11 L95S & HEMP @s#f11 -- MAK+ A TOTAL ( @s#a#h1#b1 ON SEV5 >TICLES4 ,! AM\NT ( REV5UE1 !N1 IS L[] 9 PROPORTION AS ! >TICLE ( M]*&ISE FROM :I* IT IS D]IV$ IS LESS G5]ALLY US$1 MORE R>ELY CONSUM$1 & F\ND ACCOMPANY+ A MORE REF9$ DEGREE ( LUXURY4 ,& YET >TICLES ( LUXURY >E SUBJECT TO MU* ! HI<E/ TAXES4 ,!RE=E1 EV5 ?\<1 TO OBTA9 AN APPRECIABLE R$UCTION UPON >TICLES ( PRIM>Y NECESSITY1 ! DUTIES UPON >TICLES ( LUXURY %\LD BE MADE A HUNDR$ TIMES HI<]1 ! ONLY RESULT W\LD BE ! SUPPRESSION ( A BRAN* ( COMM]CE BY A PROHIBITORY TAX4 ,N[1 ! ECONOMI/S ALL FAVOR ! ABOLITION ( CU/OM-H\SES2 D\BTLESS !Y DO NOT WI% !M REPLAC$ BY CITY TOLL-GATES8 ,LET US G5]ALIZE ?IS EXAMPLE3 SALT BR+S ! TREASURY @s#a#a1#d11 TOBACCO @s#a#f1#h14 ,LET !M %[ ME1 FIGURES 9 H&1 BY :AT TAXES UPON >TICLES ( LUXURY1 AFT] HAV+ ABOLI%$ ! TAXES ON SALT & TOBACCO1 ?IS DEFICIT WILL BE MADE UP4  

,Y\ WI% TO /RIKE >TICLES ( LUXURY2 Y\ TAKE CIVILIZATION AT ! WRONG 5D4 ,I MA9TA91 = MY P>T1 ?AT >TICLES ( LUXURY %\LD BE FREE4 ,9 ECONOMIC LANGUAGE :AT >E LUXURIES8 ,?OSE PRODUCTS :I* BE> ! SMALLE/ RATIO TO ! TOTAL WEAL?1 ?OSE :I* COME LA/ 9 ! 9DU/RIAL S]IES & :OSE CREATION SUPPOSES ! PREEXI/5CE ( ALL ! O!RS4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW ALL ! PRODUCTS ( HUMAN LABOR HAVE BE51 & 9 TURN HAVE CEAS$ TO BE1 >TICLES ( LUXURY1 S9CE WE MEAN BY LUXURY NO?+ BUT A RELATION ( SUCCESSION1 :E!R *RONOLOGICAL OR COMM]CIAL1 9 ! ELEM5TS ( WEAL?4 ,LUXURY1 9 A WORD1 IS SYNONYM\S ) PROGRESS2 IT IS1 AT EA* 9/ANT ( SOCIAL LIFE1 ! EXPRESSION ( ! MAXIMUM ( COM=T REALIZ$ BY LABOR & AT :I* IT IS ! RI<T & DE/9Y ( ALL TO >RIVE4 ,N[1 JU/ AS ! TAX RESPECTS = A TIME ! NEWLY-BUILT H\SE & ! NEWLY-CLE>$ FIELD1 SO IT %\LD FREELY WELCOME NEW PRODUCTS & PRECI\S >TICLES1 ! LATT] BECAUSE !IR SC>CITY %\LD BE CONT9UALLY COMBAT$1 ! =M] BECAUSE EV]Y 9V5TION DES]VES 5C\RAGEM5T4 ,:AT6 UND] A PRETEXT ( LUXURY W\LD Y\ LIKE TO E/ABLI% NEW CLASSES ( CITIZ5S8 ,& DO Y\ TAKE S]I\SLY ! CITY ( ,SAL5TE & ! PROSOPOPOEIA ( ,FABRICIUS8 ,S9CE ! SUBJECT LEADS US TO IT1 LET US TALK ( MORALITY4 ,D\BTLESS Y\ WILL NOT D5Y ! TRU? SO (T5 DWELT UPON BY ! ,S5ECAS ( ALL AGES1 -- ?AT LUXURY CORRUPTS & WEAK5S MORALS3 :I* MEANS ?AT IT HUMANIZES1 ELEVATES1 & 5NOBLES HABITS1 & ?AT ! FIR/ & MO/ EFFECTIVE $UCATION = ! PEOPLE1 ! /IMULANT ( ! IDEAL 9 MO/ M51 IS LUXURY4 ,! ,GRACES W]E NAK$1 ACCORD+ TO ! ANCI5TS2 :]E HAS IT EV] BE5 SAID ?AT !Y W]E NE$Y8 ,IT IS ! TA/E = LUXURY :I* 9 \R DAY1 9 ! ABS5CE ( RELIGI\S PR9CIPLES1 SU/A9S ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T & REVEALS TO ! L[] CLASSES !IR DIGNITY4 ,! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES CLE>LY UND]/OOD ?IS :5 IT *OSE LUXURY AS ! SUBJECT ( ONE ( ITS ESSAYS1 & ,I APPLAUD ITS WISDOM FROM ! BOTTOM ( MY HE>T4 ,LUXURY1 9 FACT1 IS ALREADY MORE ?AN A RI<T 9 \R SOCIETY1 IT IS A NECESSITY2 & HE IS TRULY TO BE PITI$ :O NEV] ALL[S HIMSELF A LITTLE LUXURY4 ,& IT IS :5 UNIV]SAL EF=T T5DS TO POPUL>IZE >TICLES ( LUXURY MORE & MORE ?AT Y\ W\LD CONF9E ! 5JOYM5T ( ! PEOPLE TO >TICLES :I* Y\ >E PLEAS$ TO DESCRIBE AS >TICLES ( NECESSITY6 ,IT IS :5 RANKS APPROA* & BL5D 9TO EA* O!R ?R\< ! G5]ALIZATION ( LUXURY ?AT Y\ W\LD DIG ! L9E ( DEM>CATION DEEP] & 9CREASE ! HEI<T ( Y\R /EPS6 ,! WORKMAN SWEATS & SACRIFICES & GR9DS 9 ORD] TO BUY A SET ( JEWELRY = HIS SWEE!>T1 A NECKLACE = HIS GR&DAU<T]1 OR A WAT* = HIS SON2 & Y\ W\LD DEPRIVE HIM ( ?IS HAPP9ESS1 UNLESS HE PAYS Y\R TAX1 -- ?AT IS1 Y\R F9E4 

,BUT HAVE Y\ REFLECT$ ?AT TO TAX >TICLES ( LUXURY IS TO PROHIBIT ! LUXURI\S >TS8 ,DO Y\ ?9K ?AT ! SILK-WORK]S1 :OSE AV]AGE WAGES DOES NOT REA* =TY C5TS2 ! MILL9]S AT T5 C5TS2 ! JEWEL]S1 GOLDSMI?S1 & CLOCKMAK]S1 ) !IR 9T]M9ABLE P]IODS ( IDL5ESS2 S]VANTS AT =TY DOLL>S1 -- DO Y\ ?9K ?AT !Y E>N TOO MU*8 

,>E Y\ SURE ?AT ! TAX ON LUXURIES W\LD NOT BE PAID BY ! WORK] 9 ! LUXURI\S >TS1 AS ! TAX ON BEV]AGES IS PAID BY ! CONSUM] ( BEV]AGES8 ,DO Y\ EV5 KN[ :E!R HI<] PRICES = >TICLES ( LUXURY W\LD NOT BE AN OB/ACLE TO ! *EAPNESS ( NECESS>Y OBJECTS1 & :E!R1 9 TRY+ TO FAVOR ! MO/ NUM]\S CLASS1 Y\ W\LD NOT R5D] ! G5]AL CONDITION WORSE8 ,A F9E SPECULATION1 9 TRU?6 ,F\R DOLL>S TO BE RETURN$ TO ! LABOR] ON HIS W9E & SUG>1 & EI<T TO BE TAK5 FROM HIM 9 ! CO/ ( HIS PLEASURES6 ,HE %ALL GA9 FIFTE5 C5TS ON ! LEA!R 9 HIS BOOTS1 &1 TO TAKE HIS FAMILY 9TO ! C\NTRY F\R TIMES A YE>1 HE %ALL PAY ONE DOLL> & TW5TY C5TS MORE = C>RIAGE-HIRE6 ,A SMALL B\RGEOIS SP5DS ONE HUNDR$ & TW5TY DOLL>S = A H\SEKEEP]1 LAUNDRESS1 L95-T5D]1 & ]R&-BOYS2 BUT IF1 BY A WIS] ECONOMY :I* WORKS = ! 9T]E/ ( ALL1 HE TAKES A DOME/IC1 ! EX*EQU]1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( >TICLES ( SUBSI/5CE1 WILL PUNI% ?IS PLAN ( ECONOMY6 ,:AT AN ABSURD ?+ IS ! PHILAN?ROPY ( ! ECONOMI/S1 :5 CLOSELY SCRUT9IZ$6 

,NEV]!LESS ,I WI% TO SATISFY Y\R :IM2 &1 S9CE Y\ ABSOLUTELY MU/ HAVE SUMPTU>Y LAWS1 ,I UND]TAKE TO GIVE Y\ ! RECEIPT4 ,& ,I GU>ANTEE ?AT 9 MY SY/EM COLLECTION %ALL BE EASY3 NO COMPTROLL]S1 ASSESSORS1 TA/]S1 ASSAY]S1 9SPECTORS1 RECEIV]S2 NO WAT*+1 NO (FICE EXP5SES2 NOT ! SMALLE/ ANNOYANCE OR ! SLI<TE/ 9DISCRETION2 NO CON/RA9T :ATEV]4 ,LET IT BE DECRE$ BY A LAW ?AT NO ONE 9 FUTURE %ALL RECEIVE TWO SAL>IES AT ! SAME TIME1 & ?AT ! HI<E/ FEES1 9 ANY SITUATION1 %ALL NOT EXCE$ TWELVE HUNDR$ DOLL>S 9 ,P>IS & EI<T HUNDR$ 9 ! DEP>TM5TS4 ,:AT6 Y\ L[] Y\R EYES6 ,CONFESS1 !N1 ?AT Y\R SUMPTU>Y LAWS >E BUT HYPOCRISY4 

,TO RELIEVE ! PEOPLE SOME W\LD APPLY COMM]CIAL PRACTICES TO TAXATION4 ,IF1 = 9/ANCE1 !Y SAY1 ! PRICE ( SALT W]E R$UC$ ONE-HALF1 IF LETT]-PO/AGE W]E LI<T5$ 9 ! SAME PROPORTION1 CONSUMPTION W\LD NOT FAIL TO 9CREASE1 ! REV5UE W\LD BE MORE ?AN D\BL$1 ! TREASURY W\LD GA91 & SO W\LD ! CONSUM]4 

,LET US SUPPOSE ! EV5T TO CONFIRM ?IS ANTICIPATION4 ,!N ,I SAY3 ,IF LETT]-PO/AGE %\LD BE R$UC$ ?REE-F\R?S1 & IF SALT %\LD BE GIV5 AWAY1 W\LD ! TREASURY /ILL GA98 ,C]TA9LY NOT4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS ! SIGNIFICANCE ( :AT IS CALL$ ! PO/AL RE=M8 ,?AT = EV]Y K9D ( PRODUCT !RE IS A NATURAL RATE1 ,A,B,O,V,E :I* PR(IT BECOMES USURI\S & T5DS TO DECREASE CONSUMPTION1 BUT ,B,E,L,[ :I* ! PRODUC] SUFF]S LOSS4 ,?IS S+UL>LY RESEMBLES ! DET]M9ATION ( VALUE :I* ! ECONOMI/S REJECT1 & 9 RELATION TO :I* WE SAID3 ,!RE IS A SECRET =CE ?AT FIXES ! EXTREME LIMITS BETWE5 :I* VALUE OSCILLATES1 ( :I* !RE IS A MEAN T]M ?AT EXPRESSES TRUE VALUE4 

,SURELY NO ONE WI%ES ! PO/AL S]VICE TO BE C>RI$ ON AT A LOSS2 ! OP9ION1 !RE=E1 IS ?AT ?IS S]VICE %\LD BE P]=M$ AT CO/4 ,?IS IS SO RUDIM5T>Y 9 ITS SIMPLICITY ?AT ONE IS A/ONI%$ ?AT IT %\LD HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO RESORT TO A LABORI\S 9VE/IGATION ( ! RESULTS ( R$UC+ LETT]-PO/AGE 9 ,5GL&2 TO PILE UP FRI<TFUL FIGURES & PROBABILITIES BEYOND ! LIMIT ( VISION1 TO PUT ! M9D TO TORTURE1 ALL TO F9D \T :E!R A R$UCTION 9 ,FRANCE W\LD LEAD TO A SURPLUS OR A DEFICIT1 & F9ALLY TO BE UNABLE TO AGREE UPON ANY?+6 ,:AT6 !RE WAS NOT A MAN TO BE F\ND 9 ! ,*AMB] ) S5SE 5\< TO SAY3 ,!RE IS NO NE$ ( AN AMBASSADOR'S REPORT OR EXAMPLES FROM ,5GL&2 LETT]-PO/AGE %\LD BE GRADUALLY R$UC$ UNTIL RECEIPTS REA* ! LEVEL ( EXP5DITURES4.<#a.> ,:AT1 !N1 HAS BECOME ( \R OLD ,GALLIC WIT8 

,BUT1 IT WILL BE SAID1 IF ! TAX %\LD FURNI% SALT1 TOBACCO1 LETT]-C>RIAGE1 SUG>1 W9ES1 MEAT1 ETC41 AT CO/1 CONSUMPTION W\LD UND\BT$LY 9CREASE1 & ! IMPROVEM5T W\LD BE 5ORM\S2 BUT !N H[ W\LD ! ,/ATE MEET ITS EXP5SES8 ,! AM\NT ( 9DIRECT TAXES IS NE>LY ONE HUNDR$ & TW5TY MILLION DOLL>S2 UPON :AT W\LD Y\ HAVE ! ,/ATE LEVY ?IS SUM8 ,IF ! TREASURY MAKES NO?+ \T ( ! PO/AL S]VICE1 IT WILL HAVE TO 9CREASE ! TAX ON SALT2 IF ! TAX ON SALT BE LIFT$ ALSO1 IT WILL HAVE TO ?R[ ! BURD5 BACK UPON DR9KS2 !RE W\LD BE NO 5D TO ?IS LITANY4 ,!RE=E ! SUPPLY ( PRODUCTS AT CO/1 :E!R BY ! ,/ATE OR BY PRIVATE 9DU/RY1 IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,!RE=E1 ,I WILL REPLY 9 TURN1 RELIEF ( ! UN=TUNATE CLASSES BY ! ,/ATE IS IMPOSSIBLE1 AS SUMPTU>Y LAWS >E IMPOSSIBLE1 AS ! PROGRESSIVE TAX IS IMPOSSIBLE2 & ALL Y\R IRRELEVANCIES REG>D+ ! TAX >E LAWY]'S QUIBBLES4 ,Y\  

,NOTE3  

.<#a.> ,?ANK HEAV56 ! M9I/] HAS SETTL$ ! QUE/ION1 & ,I T5D] HIM MY V]Y S9C]E COMPLIM5TS4 ,BY ! PROPOS$ T>IFF LETT]-PO/AGE WILL BE R$UC$ TO #b C5TS = DI/ANCES UND] #ab #a_/#b MILES2 #d C5TS1 = DI/ANCES BETWE5 #ab #a_/#b & #be MILES2 #f C5TS1 BETWE5 #be & #ge MILES2 #h C5TS1 BETWE5 #ge & #bbe MILES2 #a C5TS1 = LONG] DI/ANCES4 

HAVE NOT EV5 ! HOPE ?AT ! 9CREASE ( POPULATION1 BY DIVID+ ! ASSESSM5TS1 MAY LI<T5 ! BURD5 ( EA*2 BECAUSE ) POPULATION MIS]Y 9CREASES1 & ) MIS]Y ! WORK & ! P]SONNEL ( ! ,/ATE >E AUGM5T$4 

,! V>I\S FISCAL LAWS VOT$ BY ! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES DUR+ ! SESSION ( #a#h#d#e-#d#f >E SO MANY EXAMPLES ( ! ABSOLUTE 9CAPACITY ( P[]1 :ATEV] IT MAY BE & H[EV] IT MAY GO TO WORK1 TO PROCURE ! COM=T ( ! PEOPLE4 ,FROM ! V]Y FACT ?AT IT IS P[]1 -- ?AT IS1 ! REPRES5TATIVE ( DIV9E RI<T & ( PROP]TY1 ! ORGAN ( =CE1 -- IT IS NECESS>ILY /]ILE1 & ALL ITS ACTS >E /AMP$ 9 ! CORN] ) A FATAL DECEPTION4 

,I REF]R$ JU/ N[ TO ! RE=M 9 ! PO/AGE RATES1 :I* R$UCES ! PRICE ( LETT]-C>RIAGE AB\T ONE-?IRD4 ,SURELY1 IF MOTIVES ONLY >E 9 QUE/ION1 ,I HAVE NO REASON TO REPROA* ! GOV]NM5T :I* HAS EFFECT$ ?IS USEFUL R$UCTION2 MU* LESS /ILL WILL ,I SEEK TO DIM9I% ITS M]IT BY MIS]ABLE CRITICISMS UPON MATT]S ( DETAIL1 ! VILE PA/URAGE ( ! DAILY PRESS4 ,A TAX1 CONSID]ABLY BURD5SOME1 IS R$UC$ ?IRTY P]C5T2 ITS DI/RIBUTION IS MADE MORE EQUITABLE & MORE REGUL>2 ,I SEE ONLY ! FACT1 & ,I APPLAUD ! M9I/] :O HAS ACCOMPLI%$ IT4 ,BUT ?AT IS NOT ! QUE/ION4 

,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ! ADVANTAGE :I* ! GOV]NM5T GIVES US BY *ANG+ ! TAX ON LETT]S LEAVES ! PROPORTIONAL -- ?AT IS1 ! UNJU/ -- *>ACT] ( ?IS TAX 9TACT3 ?AT SC>CELY REQUIRES DEMON/RATION4 ,! 9EQUALITY ( BURD5S1 SO F> AS ! PO/AL TAX IS CONC]N$1 /&S AS BE=E1 ! ADVANTAGE ( ! R$UCTION GO+ PR9CIPALLY1 NOT TO ! POORE/1 BUT TO ! RI*E/4 ,A C]TA9 BUS9ESS H\SE :I* PAID SIX HUNDR$ DOLL>S = LETT]-PO/AGE WILL PAY H]EAFT] ONLY F\R HUNDR$2 IT WILL ADD1 !N1 A NET PR(IT ( TWO HUNDR$ DOLL>S TO ! T5 ?\S& :I* ITS BUS9ESS BR+S IT1 & IT WILL [E ?IS TO ! MUNIFIC5CE ( ! TREASURY4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! PEASANT1 ! LABOR]1 :O %ALL WRITE TWICE A YE> TO HIS SON 9 ! >MY1 & %ALL RECEIVE A LIKE NUMB] ( REPLIES1 WILL HAVE SAV$ T5 C5TS4 ,IS IT NOT TRUE ?AT ! PO/AL RE=M ACTS 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION TO ! EQUITABLE DI/RIBUTION ( ! TAX8 ?AT IF1 ACCORD+ TO ,M4 ,*EVALI]'S WI%1 ! GOV]NM5T HAD DESIR$ TO /RIKE ! RI* & SP>E ! POOR1 ! TAX ON LETT]S WAS ! LA/ ?AT IT W\LD HAVE NE$$ TO R$UCE8 ,DOES IT NOT SEEM ?AT ! TREASURY1 FALSE TO ! SPIRIT ( ITS 9/ITUTION1 HAS ONLY BE5 AWAIT+ ! PRETEXT ( A R$UCTION 9APPRECIABLE BY POV]TY 9 ORD] TO SEIZE ! OPPORTUNITY TO MAKE A PRES5T TO WEAL?8 

,?AT IS :AT ! CRITICS ( ! BILL %\LD HAVE SAID1 & ?AT IS :AT NONE ( !M SAW4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT !N ! CRITICISM1 9/EAD ( APPLY+ TO ! M9I/]1 /RUCK P[] 9 ITS ESS5CE1 & ) P[] PROP]TY1 :I* WAS NOT ! DESIGN ( ! OPPON5TS4 ,TRU? TODAY HAS ALL OP9IONS AGA9/ IT4 

,& N[ C\LD IT HAVE BE5 O!RWISE8 ,NO1 S9CE1 IF !Y KEPT ! OLD TAX1 !Y 9JUR$ ALL )\T RELIEV+ ANY2 &1 IF !Y R$UC$ IT1 !Y C\LD NOT MAKE DIFF]5T RATES = CLASSES ( CITIZ5S )\T VIOLAT+ ! FIR/ >TICLE ( ! ,*>T]1 :I* SAYS3 0,ALL ,FR5*M5 >E EQUAL BE=E ! LAW10 -- ?AT IS1 BE=E ! TAX4 ,N[1 ! TAX ON LETT]S IS NECESS>ILY P]SONAL2 !RE=E IT IS A CAPITATION-TAX2 !RE=E1 ?AT :I* IS EQUITY 9 ?IS RESPECT BE+ 9IQUITY FROM ANO!R /&PO9T1 AN EQUILIBRIUM ( BURD5S IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,AT ! SAME TIME ANO!R RE=M WAS EFFECT$ BY ! C>E ( ! GOV]NM5T1 -- ?AT ( ! TAX ON CATTLE4 ,=M]LY ! DUTIES ON CATTLE1 :E!R ON IMPORTATION FROM =EIGN C\NTRIES1 OR FROM ! C\NTRY 9TO ! CITIES1 W]E COLLECT$ AT SO MU* A HEAD2 H5CE=? !Y WILL BE COLLECT$ ACCORD+ TO WEI<T4 ,?IS USEFUL RE=M1 :I* HAS BE5 CLAMOR$ = SO LONG1 IS DUE 9 P>T TO ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ECONOMI/S1 :O1 ON ?IS OCCASION AS ON MANY O!RS :I* ,I CANNOT RECALL1 HAVE %[N ! MO/ HONORABLE ZEAL1 & HAVE LEFT ! IDLE DECLAMATIONS ( SOCIALISM V]Y F> 9 ! RE>4 ,BUT H]E AGA9 ! GOOD RESULT+ FROM ! LAW = ! AMELIORATION ( ! CONDITION ( ! POOR IS :OLLY ILLUSORY4 ,!Y HAVE EQUALIZ$1 REGULAT$1 ! COLLECTION FROM BEA/S2 !Y HAVE NOT DI/RIBUT$ IT EQUITABLY AMONG M54 ,! RI* MAN1 :O CONSUMES TWELVE HUNDR$ P\NDS ( MEAT A YE>1 WILL FEEL ! EFFECTS ( ! NEW CONDITION LAID UPON ! BUT*]S2 ! IMM5SE MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE1 :O NEV] EAT MEAT1 WILL NOT NOTICE IT4 ,& ,I R5EW MY QUE/ION ( A MOM5T AGO3 ,C\LD ! GOV]NM5T1 ! ,*AMB]1 DO O!RWISE ?AN AS IT HAS DONE8 ,NO1 ONCE MORE2 = Y\ CANNOT SAY TO ! BUT*]3 ,Y\ %ALL SELL Y\R MEAT TO ! RI* MAN = TW5TY C5TS A P\ND & TO ! POOR MAN = FIVE C5TS4 ,IT W\LD BE RA!R ! CONTR>Y ?AT Y\ W\LD OBTA9 FROM ! BUT*]4 

,SO ) SALT4 ,! GOV]NM5T HAS R$UC$ F\R-FIF?S ! TAX ON SALT US$ 9 AGRICULTURE1 ON CONDITION ( ITS UND]GO+ A TRANS=MATION4 ,A C]TA9 J\RNALI/1 HAV+ NO BETT] OBJECTION TO RAISE1 HAS MADE !REUPON A COMPLA9T 9 :I* HE GRIEVES OV] ! LOT ( ?OSE POOR PEASANTS :O >E MORE MALTREAT$ BY ! LAW ?AN !IR CATTLE4 ,= ! ?IRD TIME ,I ASK3 ,C\LD IT BE O!RWISE8 ,( TWO ?+S ONE3 EI!R ! R$UCTION WILL BE ABSOLUTE1 & !N ! TAX ON SALT MU/ BE REPLAC$ BY A TAX ON SOME?+ ELSE2 N[ ,I DEFY 5TIRE ,FR5* J\RNALISM TO 9V5T A TAX :I* WILL BE> TWO M9UTES' EXAM9ATION2 OR ELSE ! R$UCTION WILL BE P>TIAL1 :E!R BY MA9TA9+ A PORTION ( ! DUTIES ON SALT 9 ALL ITS USES1 OR BY ABOLI%+ 5TIRELY ! DUTIES ON SALT US$ 9 C]TA9 WAYS4 ,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 ! R$UCTION IS 9SUFFICI5T = AGRICULTURE & ! POOR2 9 ! SECOND1 ! CAPITATION-TAX /ILL EXI/S1 9 ITS 5ORM\S DISPROPORTION4 ,:ATEV] MAY BE DONE1 IT IS ! POOR MAN1 ALWAYS ! POOR MAN1 :O IS /RUCK1 S9CE1 9 SPITE ( ALL !ORIES1 ! TAX CAN NEV] BE LAID EXCEPT 9 ! RATIO ( ! CAPITAL POSSESS$ OR CONSUM$1 & S9CE1 IF ! TREASURY %\LD TRY TO PROCE$ O!RWISE1 IT W\LD >RE/ PROGRESS1 PROHIBIT WEAL?1 & KILL CAPITAL4 

,! DEMOCRATS1 :O REPROA* US ) SACRIFIC+ ! REVOLUTION>Y 9T]E/ 7:AT IS ! REVOLUTION>Y 9T]E/87 TO ! SOCIALI/IC 9T]E/1 \<T REALLY TO TELL US H[1 )\T MAK+ ! ,/ATE ! SOLE PROPRIETOR & )\T DECREE+ ! COMMUNITY ( GOODS & GA9S1 !Y MEAN1 BY ANY SY/EM ( TAXATION :ATEV]1 TO RELIEVE ! PEOPLE & RE/ORE TO LABOR :AT CAPITAL TAKES FROM IT4 ,9 VA9 DO ,I RACK MY BRA9S2 ON ALL QUE/IONS ,I SEE P[] PLAC$ 9 ! FALSE/ SITUATION1 & ! OP9ION ( J\RNALS /RAY+ 9TO LIMITLESS ABSURDITY4 

,9 #ahdb ,M4 ,>AGO WAS 9 FAVOR ( ! ADM9I/RATION ( RAILWAYS BY CORPORATIONS1 & ! MAJORITY 9 ,FRANCE ?\<T ) HIM4 ,9 #ahdf HE HAS ANN\NC$ A *ANGE 9 HIS OP9ION2 &1 AP>T FROM ! SPECULATORS 9 RAILWAYS1 IT MAY BE SAID AGA9 ?AT ! MAJORITY ( CITIZ5S HAVE *ANG$ AS ,M4 ,>AGO HAS4 ,:AT IS TO BE BELIEV$ & :AT IS TO BE DONE AMID ?IS SEE-SAW+ ( ! SAVANTS & ( ,FRANCE8 

,/ATE ADM9I/RATION1 IT W\LD SEEM1 \<T TO BETT] ASSURE ! 9T]E/S ( ! C\NTRY2 BUT IT IS SL[1 EXP5SIVE1 & UN9TELLIG5T4 ,TW5TY-FIVE YE>S ( MI/AKES1 MISCALCULATIONS1 IMPROVID5CE1 HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ?R[N AWAY1 9 ! GREAT WORK ( CANALIZ+ ! C\NTRY1 HAVE PROV$ IT TO ! MO/ 9CR$UL\S4 ,WE HAVE EV5 SE5 5G9E]S1 MEMB]S ( ! ADM9I/RATION1 L\DLY PROCLAIM+ ! 9CAPACITY ( ! ,/ATE 9 ! MATT] ( PUBLIC WORKS AS WELL AS ( 9DU/RY4 

,ADM9I/RATION BY CORPORATIONS IS IRREPROA*ABLE1 IT IS TRUE1 FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! 9T]E/ ( ! /OCKHOLD]S2 BUT ) !SE ! G5]AL 9T]E/ IS SACRIFIC$1 ! DOOR OP5$ TO SPECULATION1 & ! EXPLOITATION ( ! PUBLIC BY MONOPOLY ORGANIZ$4 

,! IDEAL SY/EM W\LD BE ONE UNIT+ ! ADVANTAGES ( BO? ME?ODS )\T PRES5T+ ANY ( !IR %ORTCOM+S4 ,N[1 ! MEANS ( REALIZ+ !SE CONTRADICTORY *>ACT]I/ICS8 ! MEANS ( BREA?+ ZEAL1 ECONOMY1 P5ETRATION 9TO !SE IRREMOVABLE (FIC]S :O HAVE NO?+ TO GA9 OR TO LOSE8 ! MEANS ( R5D]+ ! 9T]E/S ( ! PUBLIC AS DE> TO A CORPORATION AS ITS [N1 ( MAK+ !SE 9T]E/S V]ITABLY ITS [N1 & /ILL KEEP+ IT DI/9CT FROM ! ,/ATE & HAV+ CONSEQU5TLY ITS PRIVATE 9T]E/S8 ,:O IS !RE1 9 ! (FICIAL WORLD1 ?AT CONCEIVES ! NECESSITY & !RE=E ! POSSIBILITY ( SU* A RECONCILIATION8 MU* MORE1 !N1 :O POSSESSES ITS SECRET8 

,9 SU* AN EM]G5CY ! GOV]NM5T1 AS USUAL1 HAS *OS5 ! C\RSE ( ECLECTICISM2 IT HAS TAK5 A P>T ( ! ADM9I/RATION = ITSELF & LEFT ! RE/ TO ! CORPORATIONS2 ?AT IS1 9/EAD ( RECONCIL+ ! CONTR>IES1 IT HAS PLAC$ !M EXACTLY 9 CONFLICT4 ,& ! PRESS1 :I* 9 ALL ?+S IS PRECISELY ON A P> ) P[] 9 ! MATT] ( WIT1 -- ! PRESS1 DIVID+ ITSELF 9TO ?REE FRACTIONS1 HAS DECID$1 ONE = ! M9I/]IAL COMPROMISE1 ANO!R = ! EXCLUSION ( ! ,/ATE1 & ! ?IRD = ! EXCLUSION ( ! CORPORATIONS4 ,SO ?AT TODAY NO MORE ?AN BE=E DO ! PUBLIC OR ,M4 ,>AGO1 9 SPITE ( !IR SOM]SAULT1 KN[ :AT !Y WANT4 

,:AT A H]D IS ! ,FR5* NATION 9 ?IS N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ) ITS ?REE P[]S1 ITS PRESS1 ITS SCI5TIFIC BODIES1 ITS LIT]ATURE1 ITS 9/RUCTION6 ,A HUNDR$ ?\S& M51 9 \R C\NTRY1 HAVE !IR EYES CON/ANTLY OP5 UPON EV]Y?+ ?AT 9T]E/S NATIONAL PROGRESS & ! C\NTRY'S HONOR4 ,N[1 PROP\ND TO !SE HUNDR$ ?\S& M5 ! SIMPLE/ QUE/ION ( PUBLIC ORD]1 & Y\ MAY BE ASSUR$ ?AT ALL WILL RU% PELL-MELL 9TO ! SAME ABSURDITY4 

,IS IT BETT] ?AT ! PROMOTION ( (FICIALS %\LD BE GOV]N$ BY M]IT OR BY L5G? ( S]VICE8 

,C]TA9LY !RE IS NO ONE :O W\LD NOT LIKE TO SEE ?IS D\BLE ME?OD ( E/IMAT+ CAPACITIES BL5D$ 9TO ONE4 ,:AT A SOCIETY IT W\LD BE 9 :I* ! RI<TS ( TAL5T W\LD BE ALWAYS 9 H>MONY ) ?OSE ( AGE6 ,BUT1 !Y SAY1 SU* P]FECTION IS UTOPIAN1 = IT IS CONTRADICTORY 9 ITS /ATEM5T4 ,& 9/EAD ( SEE+ ?AT IT IS PRECISELY ! CONTRADICTION :I* MAKES ! ?+ POSSIBLE1 !Y BEG9 TO DISPUTE OV] ! RESPECTIVE VALUE ( ! TWO OPPOS$ SY/EMS1 :I*1 EA* LEAD+ TO ! ABSURD1 EQUALLY GIVE RISE TO 9TOL]ABLE ABUSES4 

,:O %ALL BE ! JUDGE ( M]IT8 ASKS ONE3 ! GOV]NM5T4 ,N[1 ! GOV]NM5T RECOGNIZES M]IT ONLY 9 ITS CREATURES4 ,!RE=E NO PROMOTION BY *OICE1 NONE ( ?AT IMMORAL SY/EM :I* DE/ROYS ! 9DEP5D5CE & ! DIGNITY ( ! (FICE-HOLD]4 

,BUT1 SAYS ANO!R1 L5G? ( S]VICE IS UND\BT$LY V]Y RESPECTABLE4 ,IT IS A PITY ?AT IT HAS ! DISADVANTAGE ( R5D]+ /AGNANT ?+S :I* >E ESS5TIALLY VOLUNT>Y & FREE1 -- LABOR & ?\<T2 ( CREAT+ OB/ACLES TO P[] EV5 AMONG ITS AG5TS1 & ( BE/[+ UPON *ANCE1 (T5 UPON 9CAPACITY1 ! REW>D ( G5IUS & AUDACITY4 

,F9ALLY !Y COMPROMISE3 TO ! GOV]NM5T IS ACCORD$ ! P[] ( APPO9T+ >BITR>ILY TO A C]TA9 NUMB] ( (FICES PRET5D$ M5 ( M]IT1 :O >E SUPPOS$ TO HAVE NO NE$ ( EXP]I5CE1 :ILE ! RE/1 APP>5TLY DEEM$ 9CAPABLE1 >E PROMOT$ 9 TURN4 ,& ! PRESS1 ?AT AMBL+ OLD NAG ( ALL PRESUMPTU\S M$IOCRITIES1 :I* G5]ALLY LIVES ONLY BY ! GRATUIT\S COMPOSITIONS ( Y\NG PEOPLE AS DE/ITUTE ( TAL5T AS ( ACQUIR$ KN[L$GE1 HA/5S TO BEG9 AGA9 ITS ATTACKS UPON P[]1 ACCUS+ IT1 -- NOT )\T REASON TOO1 -- H]E ( FAVORITISM1 !RE ( R\T9E4 

,:O C\LD HOPE EV] TO DO ANY?+ TO ! SATISFACTION ( ! PRESS8 ,AFT] HAV+ DECLAIM$ & GE/ICULAT$ AGA9/ ! 5ORM\S SIZE ( ! BUDGET1 H]E IT IS CLAMOR+ = 9CREAS$ SAL>IES = AN >MY ( (FICIALS1 :O1 TO TELL ! TRU?1 REALLY HAVE NOT ! :]E)AL TO LIVE4 ,N[ IT IS ! TEA*]S1 ( HI< & L[ GRADE1 :O MAKE !IR COMPLA9TS HE>D ?R\< ITS COLUMNS2 N[ IT IS ! C\NTRY CL]GY1 SO 9SUFFICI5TLY PAID ?AT !Y HAVE BE5 =C$ TO MA9TA9 !IR FEES1 A F]TILE S\RCE ( SC&AL & ABUSE4 ,!N IT IS ! :OLE ADM9I/RATIVE NATION1 :I* IS NEI!R LODG$1 NOR CLO!D1 NOR W>M$1 NOR F$3 IT IS A MILLION M5 ) !IR FAMILIES1 NE>LY AN EI<? ( ! POPULATION1 :OSE POV]TY BR+S %AME UPON ,FRANCE & = :OM ONE HUNDR$ MILLION DOLL>S %\LD AT ONCE BE ADD$ TO ! BUDGET4 ,NOTE ?AT 9 ?IS IMM5SE P]SONNEL !RE IS NOT ONE MAN TOO MANY2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IF ! POPULATION GR[S1 IT WILL 9CREASE PROPORTIONALLY4 ,>E Y\ 9 A POSITION TO TAX ! NATION TO ! EXT5T ( F\R HUNDR$ MILLION DOLL>S8 ,CAN Y\ TAKE1 \T ( AN AV]AGE 9COME ( @s#a#h#d = F\R P]SONS1 @s#d#g4#b#e -- MORE ?AN ONE-F\R? -- TO PAY1 TOGE!R ) ! O!R EXP5SES ( ! ,/ATE1 ! SAL>IES ( ! NONPRODUCTIVE LABOR]S8 ,& IF Y\ CANNOT1 IF Y\ CAN NEI!R PAY Y\R EXP5SES NOR R$UCE !M1 :AT DO Y\ WANT8 ( :AT DO Y\ COMPLA98 

,LET ! PEOPLE KN[ IT1 !N1 ONCE = ALL3 ALL ! HOPES ( R$UCTION & EQUITY 9 TAXATION1 ) :I* !Y >E LULL$ BY TURNS BY ! H>ANGUES ( P[] & ! DIATRIBES ( P>TY LEAD]S1 >E SO MANY MY/IFICATIONS2 ! TAX CANNOT BE R$UC$1 NOR CAN ITS ASSESSM5T BE MORE EQUITABLE1 UND] ! MONOPOLY SY/EM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! L[] ! CONDITION ( ! CITIZ5 BECOMES1 ! HEAVI] BECOMES HIS TAX2 ?AT IS 9EVITABLE1 IRRESI/IBLE1 9 SPITE ( ! AV[$ DESIGN ( ! LEGISLATOR & ! REPEAT$ EF=TS ( ! TREASURY4 ,:OEV] CANNOT BECOME OR REMA9 RI*1 :OEV] HAS 5T]$ ! CAV]N ( MIS=TUNE1 MU/ MAKE UP HIS M9D TO PAY 9 PROPORTION TO HIS POV]TY3 ,LASCIATE OGNI SP]ANZA1 VOI * 5TRATE4 

,TAXATION1 !N1 POLICE1 -- H5CE=? WE %ALL NOT SEP>ATE !SE TWO IDEAS1 -- IS A NEW S\RCE ( PAUP]ISM2 TAXATION AGGRAVATES ! SUBV]SIVE EFFECTS ( ! PREC$+ ANT9OMIES1 -- DIVISION ( LABOR1 MA*9]Y1 COMPETITION1 MONOPOLY4 ,IT ATTACKS ! LABOR] 9 HIS LIB]TY & 9 HIS CONSCI5CE1 9 HIS BODY & 9 HIS S\L1 BY P>ASITISM1 VEXATIONS1 ! FRAUDS :I* IT PROMPTS1 & ! PUNI%M5TS :I* FOLL[ !M4 

,UND] ,L\IS ,X,I,V4 ! SMUGGL+ ( SALT ALONE CAUS$ ANNUALLY ?IRTY-SEV5 HUNDR$ DOMICILI>Y SEIZURES1 TWO ?\S& >RE/S ( M51 EI<TE5 HUNDR$ ( WOM51 SIXTY-SIX HUNDR$ ( *ILDR51 ELEV5 HUNDR$ SEIZURES ( HORSES1 FIFTY CONFISCATIONS ( C>RIAGES1 & ?REE HUNDR$ CONDEMNATIONS TO ! GALLEYS4 ,& ?IS1 OBS]VES ! HI/ORIAN1 WAS ! RESULT ( ONE TAX ALONE1 -- ! SALT-TAX4 ,:AT1 !N1 WAS ! TOTAL NUMB] ( UN=TUNATES IMPRISON$1 TORTUR$1 EXPROPRIAT$1 ON ACC\NT ( ! TAX8 

,9 ,5GL&1 \T ( EV]Y F\R FAMILIES1 ONE IS UNPRODUCTIVE1 & ?AT IS ! FAMILY :I* 5JOYS AN ABUNDANCE4 ,:AT AN ADVANTAGE IT W\LD BE = ! WORK+-CLASS1 Y\ ?9K1 IF ?IS LEPROSY ( P>ASITISM %\LD BE REMOV$6 ,UND\BT$LY1 9 !ORY1 Y\ >E RI<T2 9 PRACTICE1 ! SUPPRESSION ( P>ASITISM W\LD BE A CALAMITY4 ,?\< ONE-F\R? ( ! POPULATION ( ,5GL& IS UNPRODUCTIVE1 ANO!R F\R? ( ! SAME POPULATION IS AT WORK = IT3 N[1 :AT W\LD !SE LABOR]S DO1 IF !Y %\LD SUDD5LY LOSE ! M>KET = !IR PRODUCTS8 ,AN ABSURD SUPPOSITION1 Y\ SAY4 ,YES1 AN ABSURD SUPPOSITION1 BUT A V]Y REAL SUPPOSITION1 & ONE :I* Y\ MU/ ADMIT PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS ABSURD4 ,9 ,FRANCE A /&+ >MY ( FIVE HUNDR$ ?\S& M51 =TY ?\S& PRIE/S1 TW5TY ?\S& DOCTORS1 EI<TY ?\S& LAWY]S1 & ,I KN[ NOT H[ MANY HUNDR$ ?\S& O!R NONPRODUC]S ( EV]Y SORT1 CON/ITUTE AN IMM5SE M>KET = \R AGRICULTURE & \R MANUFACTURES4 ,LET ?IS M>KET SUDD5LY CLOSE1 & MANUFACTURES WILL /OP1 COMM]CE WILL GO 9TO BANKRUPTCY1 & AGRICULTURE WILL BE SMO!R$ B5EA? ITS PRODUCTS4 

,BUT H[ IS IT CONCEIVABLE ?AT A NATION %\LD F9D ITS M>KET CLOGG$ BECAUSE ( HAV+ GOT RID ( ITS USELESS M\?S8 ,ASK RA!R :Y AN 5G9E1 :OSE CONSUMPTION HAS BE5 FIGUR$ AT SIX HUNDR$ P\NDS ( COAL AN H\R1 LOSES ITS P[] IF IT IS GIV5 ONLY ?REE HUNDR$4 ,BUT AGA91 MI<T NOT !SE NON-PRODUC]S BE MADE PRODUC]S1 S9CE WE CANNOT GET RID ( !M8 ,EH6 *ILD3 TELL ME1 !N1 H[ Y\ WILL DO )\T POLICE1 & MONOPOLY1 & COMPETITION1 & ALL ! CONTRADICTIONS1 9 %ORT1 ( :I* Y\R ORD] ( ?+S IS MADE UP4 ,LI/54 

,9 #a#h#d#d1 AT ! TIME ( ! TR\BLES 9 ,RIVE-DE-,GI]1 ,M4 ,ANSELME ,PETET9 PUBLI%$ 9 ! 0,REVUE ,9DEP5DANTE0 TWO >TICLES1 FULL ( REASON & S9C]ITY1 CONC]N+ ! AN>*Y PREVAIL+ 9 ! CONDUCT ( ! COAL M9ES 9 ! BAS9 ( ! ,LOIRE4 ,M4 ,PETET9 PO9T$ \T ! NECESSITY ( UNIT+ ! M9ES & C5TRALIZ+ !IR ADM9I/RATION4 ,! FACTS :I* HE LAID BE=E ! PUBLIC W]E NOT UNKN[N TO P[]2 HAS P[] TR\BL$ ITSELF AB\T ! UNION ( ! M9ES & ! ORGANIZATION ( ?AT 9DU/RY8 ,NOT AT ALL4 ,P[] HAS FOLL[$ ! PR9CIPLE ( FREE COMPETITION2 IT HAS LET ALONE & LOOK$ ON4 

,S9CE ?AT TIME ! M9+ COMPANIES HAVE COMB9$1 NOT )\T CAUS+ SOME ANXIETY TO CONSUM]S1 :O HAVE SE5 9 ?IS COMB9ATION A PLOT TO RAISE ! PRICE ( FUEL4 ,WILL P[]1 :I* HAS RECEIV$ NUM]\S COMPLA9TS UPON ?IS SUBJECT1 9T]V5E TO RE/ORE COMPETITION & PREV5T MONOPOLY8 ,IT CANNOT DO IT2 ! RI<T ( COMB9ATION IS ID5TICAL 9 LAW ) ! RI<T ( ASSOCIATION2 MONOPOLY IS ! BASIS ( \R SOCIETY1 AS COMPETITION IS ITS CONQUE/2 &1 PROVID$ !RE IS NO RIOT1 P[] WILL LET ALONE & LOOK ON4 ,:AT O!R C\RSE C\LD IT PURSUE8 ,CAN IT PROHIBIT A LEGALLY E/ABLI%$ COMM]CIAL ASSOCIATION8 ,CAN IT OBLIGE NEI<BORS TO DE/ROY EA* O!R8 ,CAN IT =BID !M TO R$UCE !IR EXP5SES8 ,CAN IT E/ABLI% A MAXIMUM8 ,IF P[] %\LD DO ANY ONE ( !SE ?+S1 IT W\LD OV]TURN ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,P[]1 !RE=E1 CAN TAKE NO 9ITIATIVE3 IT IS 9/ITUT$ TO DEF5D & PROTECT MONOPOLY & COMPETITION AT ONCE1 )9 ! LIMITATIONS ( PAT5TS1 LIC5SES1 L& TAXES1 & O!R BONDS :I* IT HAS PLAC$ UPON PROP]TY4 ,AP>T FROM !SE LIMITATIONS P[] HAS NO SORT ( RI<T TO ACT 9 ! NAME ( SOCIETY4 ,! SOCIAL RI<T IS NOT DEF9$2 MOREOV]1 IT W\LD BE A D5IAL ( MONOPOLY & COMPETITION4 ,H[1 !N1 C\LD P[] TAKE UP ! DEF5SE ( ?AT :I* ! LAW DID NOT =ESEE OR DEF9E1 ( ?AT :I* IS ! OPPOSITE ( ! RI<TS RECOGNIZ$ BY ! LEGISLATOR8 

,CONSEQU5TLY1 :5 ! M9]1 :OM WE MU/ CONSID] 9 ! EV5TS ( ,RIVE-DE-,GI] AS ! REAL REPRES5TATIVE ( SOCIETY AGA9/ ! M9E-[N]S1 SAW FIT TO RESI/ ! S*EME ( ! MONOPOLI/S BY DEF5D+ HIS WAGES & OPPOS+ COMB9ATION TO COMB9ATION1 P[] %OT ! M9] D[N4 ,& ! POLITICAL BRAWL]S ACCUS$ AU?ORITY1 SAY+ IT WAS P>TIAL1 F]OCI\S1 SOLD TO MONOPOLY1 ETC4 ,= MY P>T1 ,I DECL>E ?AT ?IS WAY ( VIEW+ ! ACTS ( AU?ORITY SEEMS TO ME SC>CELY PHILOSOPHICAL1 & ,I REJECT IT ) ALL MY 5]GIES4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT !Y MI<T HAVE KILL$ FEW] PEOPLE1 POSSIBLE ALSO ?AT !Y MI<T HAVE KILL$ MORE3 ! FACT TO BE NOTIC$ H]E IS NOT ! NUMB] ( DEAD & W\ND$1 BUT ! REPRESSION ( ! WORK]S4 ,?OSE :O HAVE CRITICIZ$ AU?ORITY W\LD HAVE DONE AS IT DID1 B>R+ P]HAPS ! IMPATI5CE ( ITS BAYONETS & ! ACCURACY ( ITS AIM3 !Y W\LD HAVE REPRESS$1 ,I SAY2 !Y W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 ABLE TO DO ANY?+ ELSE4 ,& ! REASON1 :I* IT W\LD BE VA9 TO TRY TO BRU% ASIDE1 IS ?AT COMPETITION IS LEGAL1 JO9T-/OCK ASSOCIATION IS LEGAL1 SUPPLY & DEM& >E LEGAL1 & ALL ! CONSEQU5CES :I* FL[ DIRECTLY FROM COMPETITION1 JO9T-/OCK ASSOCIATION1 & FREE COMM]CE >E LEGAL1 :]EAS WORK+M5'S /RIKES >E ,I,L,L,E,G,A,L4 ,& IT IS NOT ONLY ! P5AL CODE :I* SAYS ?IS1 BUT ! ECONOMIC SY/EM1 ! NECESSITY ( ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 ,AS LONG AS LABOR IS NOT SOV]EIGN1 IT MU/ BE A SLAVE2 SOCIETY IS POSSIBLE ONLY ON ?IS CONDITION4 ,?AT EA* WORK] 9DIVIDUALLY %\LD HAVE ! FREE DISPOSITION ( HIS P]SON & HIS >MS MAY BE TOL]AT$2.<#a.> BUT ?AT !  

,NOTE3 

.<#a.> ,! NEW LAW REG>D+ S]VICE-BOOKS HAS CONF9$ ! 9DEP5D5CE ( WORK]S )9 N>R[] LIMITS4 ,! DEMOCRATIC PRESS HAS AGA9 ?UND]$ ITS 9DIGNATION ?IS SUBJECT AGA9/ ?OSE 9 P[]1 AS IF !Y HAD BE5 GUILTY ( ANY?+ MORE ?AN ! APPLICATION ( ! PR9CIPLES ( AU?ORITY & PROP]TY1 :I* >E ?OSE ( DEMOCRACY4 ,:AT ! ,*AMB]S HAVE DONE 9 REG>D TO S]VICE-BOOKS WAS 9EVITABLE1 & %\LD HAVE BE5 EXPECT$4 ,IT IS AS IMPOSSIBLE = A SOCIETY F\ND$ ON ! PROPRIET>Y PR9CIPLE NOT TO 5D 9 CLASS DI/9CTIONS AS = A DEMOCRACY TO AVOID DESPOTISM1 = A RELIGION TO BE REASONABLE1 = FANATICISM TO %[ TOL]ANCE4 ,?IS IS ! LAW ( CONTRADICTION3 H[ LONG WILL IT TAKE US TO UND]/& IT8 

WORK]S %\LD UND]TAKE1 BY COMB9ATIONS1 TO DO VIOL5CE TO MONOPOLY SOCIETY CANNOT P]MIT4 ,CRU% MONOPOLY1 & Y\ ABOLI% COMPETITION1 & Y\ DISORGANIZE ! WORK%OP1 & Y\ S[ DISSOLUTION EV]Y:]E4 ,AU?ORITY1 9 %OOT+ D[N ! M9]S1 F\ND ITSELF 9 ! POSITION ( ,BRUTUS PLAC$ BETWE5 HIS PAT]NAL LOVE & HIS CONSUL> DUTIES3 HE HAD TO SACRIFICE EI!R HIS *ILDR5 OR ! REPUBLIC4 ,! ALT]NATIVE WAS HORRIBLE1 ,I ADMIT2 BUT SU* IS ! SPIRIT & LETT] ( ! SOCIAL COMPACT1 SU* IS ! T5OR ( ! *>T]1 SU* IS ! ORD] ( ,PROVID5CE4 

,?US ! POLICE FUNCTION1 9/ITUT$ = ! DEF5SE ( ! PROLET>IAT1 IS DIRECT$ 5TIRELY AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! PROLETAIRE IS DRIV5 FROM ! =E/S1 FROM ! RIV]S1 FROM ! M\NTA9S2 EV5 ! CROSS-ROADS >E =BIDD5 HIM2 SOON HE WILL KN[ NO ROAD SAVE ?AT :I* LEADS TO PRISON4 

,! ADVANCE 9 AGRICULTURE HAS MADE ! ADVANTAGE ( >TIFICIAL MEAD[S & ! NECESSITY ( ABOLI%+ COMMON L& G5]ALLY FELT4 ,EV]Y:]E COMMUNAL L&S >E BE+ CLE>$1 LET1 5CLOS$2 NEW ADVANCES1 NEW WEAL?4 ,BUT ! POOR DAY-LABOR]1 :OSE ONLY PATRIMONY IS ! COMMUNAL L& & :O SUPPORTS A C[ & SEV]AL %EEP 9 SUMM] BY LETT+ !M FE$ ALONG ! ROADS1 ?R\< ! UND]BRU%1 & OV] ! /RIPP$ FIELDS1 WILL LOSE HIS SOLE & LA/ RES\RCE4 ,! L&$ PROPRIETOR1 ! PUR*AS] OR F>M] ( ! COMMUNAL L&S1 WILL ALONE !REAFT] SELL1 ) HIS :EAT & VEGETABLES1 MILK & *EESE4 ,9/EAD ( WEAK5+ AN OLD MONOPOLY1 !Y CREATE A NEW ONE4 ,EV5 ! ROAD-LABOR]S RES]VE = !MSELVES ! $GES ( ! ROADS AS A MEAD[ BELONG+ TO !M1 & DRIVE (F ALL NON-ADM9I/RATIVE CATTLE4 ,:AT FOLL[S8 ,?AT ! DAY-LABOR]1 BE=E AB&ON+ HIS C[1 LETS IT FE$ 9 CONTRAV5TION ( ! LAW1 BECOMES A M>AUD]1 COMMITS A ?\S& DEPR$ATIONS1 & IS PUNI%$ BY F9E & IMPRISONM5T3 ( :AT USE TO HIM >E POLICE & AGRICULTURAL PROGRESS8 ,LA/ YE> ! MAYOR ( ,MULH\SE1 TO PREV5T GRAPE-/EAL+1 =BADE EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL NOT AN [N] ( V9ES TO TRAVEL BY DAY OR NI<T OV] ROADS RUNN+ BY OR ?R\< V9EY>DS1 -- A *>ITABLE PRECAUTION1 S9CE IT PREV5T$ EV5 DESIRES & REGRETS4 ,BUT IF ! PUBLIC HI<WAY IS NO?+ BUT AN ACCESSORY ( PRIVATE PROP]TY2 IF ! COMMUNAL L&S >E CONV]T$ 9TO PRIVATE PROP]TY2 IF ! PUBLIC DOMA91 9 %ORT1 ASSIMILAT$ TO PRIVATE PROP]TY1 IS GU>D$1 EXPLOIT$1 LEAS$1 & SOLD LIKE PRIVATE PROP]TY1 -- :AT REMA9S = ! PROLETAIRE8 ,( :AT ADVANTAGE IS IT TO HIM ?AT SOCIETY HAS LEFT ! /ATE ( W> TO 5T] ! REGIME ( POLICE8 

,9DU/RY1 AS WELL AS L&1 HAS ITS PRIVILEGES1 -- PRIVILEGES CONSECRAT$ BY ! LAW1 AS ALWAYS1 UND] CONDITIONS & RES]VATIONS1 BUT1 AS ALWAYS ALSO1 TO ! GREAT DISADVANTAGE ( ! CONSUM]4 ,! QUE/ION IS 9T]E/+2 WE WILL SAY A FEW WORDS UPON IT4 

,I QUOTE ,M4 ,R5\>D4 

0,PRIVILEGES10 SAYS ,M4 ,R5\>D1 0W]E A CORRECTIVE ( REGULATION40 

,I ASK ,M4 ,R5\>D'S P]MISSION TO TRANSLATE HIS ?\<T BY REV]S+ HIS PHRASE3 ,REGULATION WAS A CORRECTIVE ( PRIVILEGE4 ,= :OEV] SAYS REGULATION SAYS LIMITATION3 N[1 H[ CONCEIVE ( LIMIT+ PRIVILEGE BE=E IT EXI/$8 ,I CAN CONCEIVE A SOV]EIGN SUBMITT+ PRIVILEGES TO REGULATIONS2 BUT ,I CANNOT AT ALL UND]/& :Y HE %\LD CREATE PRIVILEGES EXPRESSLY TO WEAK5 ! EFFECT ( REGULATIONS4 ,!RE IS NO?+ TO PROMPT SU* A CONCESSION2 IT W\LD BE AN EFFECT )\T A CAUSE4 ,9 LOGIC AS WELL AS 9 HI/ORY1 EV]Y?+ IS APPROPRIAT$ & MONOPOLIZ$ :5 LAWS & REGULATIONS >RIVE3 9 ?IS RESPECT CIVIL LEGISLATION IS LIKE P5AL LEGISLATION4 ,! FIR/ RESULTS FROM POSSESSION & APPROPRIATION1 ! SECOND FROM ! APPE>ANCE ( CRIMES & (F5SES4 ,M4 ,R5\>D1 PREOCCUPI$ ) ! IDEA ( S]VITUDE 9H]5T 9 ALL REGULATION1 HAS CONSID]$ PRIVILEGE AS A COMP5SATION = ?IS S]VITUDE2 & IT WAS ?IS :I* L$ HIM TO SAY ?AT PRIVILEGES >E A CORRECTIVE ( REGULATION4 ,BUT :AT ,M4 ,R5\>D ADDS PROVES ?AT HE MEANT ! OPPOSITE3 

,! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( \R LEGISLATION1 ?AT ( GRANT+ TEMPOR>Y MONOPOLY AS A CONDITION ( A CONTRACT BETWE5 SOCIETY & ! LABOR]1 HAS ALWAYS PREVAIL$1 ETC4 

,:AT IS1 9 REALITY1 ?IS GRANT ( A MONOPOLY8 ,A SIMPLE ACKN[L$GM5T1 A DECL>ATION4 ,SOCIETY1 WI%+ TO FAVOR A NEW 9DU/RY & 5JOY ! ADVANTAGES :I* IT PROMISES1 B>GA9S ) ! 9V5TOR1 AS IT HAS B>GA9$ ) ! F>M]2 IT GU>ANTEES HIM ! MONOPOLY ( HIS 9DU/RY = A TIME2 BUT IT DOES NOT CREATE ! MONOPOLY4 ,! MONOPOLY EXI/S BY ! V]Y FACT ( ! 9V5TION2 & ! ACKN[L$GM5T ( ! MONOPOLY IS :AT CON/ITUTES SOCIETY4 

,?IS AMBIGUITY CLE>$ UP1 ,I PASS TO ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! LAW4 

,ALL 9DU/RIAL NATIONS HAVE ADOPT$ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A TEMPOR>Y MONOPOLY AS A CONDITION ( A CONTRACT BETWE5 SOCIETY & ! 9V5TOR4 4 4 4 4 ,I DO NOT TAKE READILY TO ! BELIEF ?AT ALL LEGISLATORS ( ALL C\NTRIES HAVE COMMITT$ ROBB]Y4 

,M4 ,R5\>D1 IF EV] HE READS ?IS WORK1 WILL DO ME ! JU/ICE TO ADMIT ?AT1 9 QUOT+ HIM1 ,I DO NOT CRITICIZE HIS ?\<T2 HE HIMSELF HAS P]CEIV$ ! CONTRADICTIONS ( ! PAT5T LAW4 ,ALL ?AT ,I PRET5D IS TO CONNECT ?IS CONTRADICTION ) ! G5]AL SY/EM4 

,:Y1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 A TEMPOR>Y MONOPOLY 9 MANUFACTURE1 :ILE L& MONOPOLY IS P]PETUAL8 ,! ,EGYPTIANS W]E MORE LOGICAL2 ) !M !SE TWO MONOPOLIES W]E ALIKE H]$IT>Y1 P]PETUAL1 9VIOLABLE4 ,I KN[ ! CONSID]ATIONS :I* HAVE PREVAIL$ AGA9/ ! P]PETUITY ( LIT]>Y PROP]TY1 & ,I ADMIT !M ALL2 BUT !SE CONSID]ATIONS APPLY EQUALLY WELL TO PROP]TY 9 L&2 MOREOV]1 !Y LEAVE 9TACT ALL ! >GUM5TS BR\<T =W>D AGA9/ !M4 ,:AT1 !N1 IS ! SECRET ( ALL !SE V>IATIONS ( ! LEGISLATOR8 ,= ! RE/1 ,I DO NOT NE$ TO SAY ?AT1 9 PO9T+ \T ?IS 9CONSI/5CY1 IT IS NOT MY PURPOSE EI!R TO SL&] OR TO SATIRIZE2 ,I ADMIT ?AT ! C\RSE ( ! LEGISLATOR IS DET]M9$1 NOT BY HIS WILL1 BUT BY NECESSITY4 

,BUT ! MO/ FLAGRANT CONTRADICTION IS ?AT :I* RESULTS FROM ! 5ACT+ SECTION ( ! LAW4 ,TITLE ,I,V1 >TICLE #c1 #c1 READS3 0,IF ! PAT5T RELATES TO PR9CIPLES1 ME?ODS1 SY/EMS1 DISCOV]IES1 !ORETICAL OR PURELY SCI5TIFIC CONCEPTIONS1 )\T 9DICAT+ !IR 9DU/RIAL APPLICATIONS1 ! PAT5T IS VOID40 

,N[1 :AT IS A PR9CIPLE1 A ME?OD1 A !ORETICAL CONCEPTION1 A SY/EM8 ,IT IS ! ESPECIAL FRUIT ( G5IUS1 IT IS 9V5TION 9 ITS PURITY1 IT IS ! IDEA1 IT IS EV]Y?+4 ,! APPLICATION IS ! GROSS FACT1 NO?+4 ,?US ! LAW EXCLUDES FROM ! B5EFIT ( ! PAT5T ! V]Y ?+ :I* DES]VES IT1 -- NAMELY1 ! IDEA2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT GRANTS A PAT5T TO ! APPLICATION1 -- ?AT IS1 TO ! MAT]IAL FACT1 TO A PATT]N ( ! IDEA1 AS ,PLATO W\LD HAVE SAID4 ,!RE=E IT IS WRONGLY CALL$ A PAT5T = 9V5TION2 IT %\LD BE CALL$ A PAT5T = FIR/ OCCUPANCY4 

,9 \R DAY1 IF A MAN HAD 9V5T$ >I?METIC1 ALGEBRA1 OR ! DECIMAL SY/EM1 HE W\LD HAVE OBTA9$ NO PAT5T2 BUT ,B>EME W\LD HAVE HAD A RI<T ( PROP]TY 9 HIS ,COMPUTATIONS4 ,PASCAL1 = HIS !ORY ( ! WEI<T ( ! ATMOSPH]E1 W\LD NOT HAVE BE5 PAT5T$2 9/EAD ( HIM1 A GLAZI] W\LD HAVE OBTA9$ ! PRIVILEGE ( ! B>OMET]4 ,I QUOTE ,M4 ,>AGO3 

,AFT] TWO ?\S& YE>S IT OCCURR$ TO ONE ( \R FELL[-C\NTRYM5 ?AT ! SCREW ( ,>*IM$ES1 :I* IS US$ TO RAISE WAT]1 MI<T BE EMPLOY$ 9 =C+ D[N GASES2 IT SUFFICES1 )\T MAK+ ANY *ANGE1 TO TURN IT FROM RI<T TO LEFT1 9/EAD ( TURN+ IT1 AS :5 RAIS+ WAT]1 FROM LEFT TO RI<T4 ,L>GE VOLUMES ( GAS1 *>G$ ) =EIGN SUB/ANCES1 >E ?US =C$ 9TO WAT] TO A GREAT DEP?2 ! GAS IS PURIFI$ 9 RIS+ AGA94 ,I MA9TA9 ?AT !RE WAS AN 9V5TION2 ?AT ! P]SON :O SAW A WAY TO MAKE ! SCREW ( ,>*IM$ES A BL[+ MA*9E WAS 5TITL$ TO A PAT5T4 

,:AT IS MORE EXTRAORD9>Y IS ?AT ,>*IM$ES HIMSELF W\LD ?US BE OBLIG$ TO BUY ! RI<T TO USE HIS SCREW2 & ,M4 ,>AGO CONSID]S ?AT JU/4 

,IT IS USELESS TO MULTIPLY !SE EXAMPLES3 :AT ! LAW MEANT TO MONOPOLIZE IS1 AS ,I SAID JU/ N[1 NOT ! IDEA1 BUT ! FACT2 NOT ! 9V5TION1 BUT ! OCCUPANCY4 ,AS IF ! IDEA W]E NOT ! CATEGORY :I* 9CLUDES ALL ! FACTS ?AT EXPRESS IT2 AS IF A ME?OD1 A SY/EM1 W]E NOT A G5]ALIZATION ( EXP]I5CES1 & CONSEQU5TLY ?AT :I* PROP]LY CON/ITUTES ! FRUIT ( G5IUS1 -- 9V5TION6 ,H]E LEGISLATION IS MORE ?AN ANTI-ECONOMIC1 IT BORD]S ON ! SILLY4 ,!RE=E ,I AM 5TITL$ TO ASK ! LEGISLATOR :Y1 9 SPITE ( FREE COMPETITION1 :I* IS NO?+ BUT ! RI<T TO APPLY A !ORY1 A PR9CIPLE1 A ME?OD1 A NON-APPROPRIABLE SY/EM1 HE =BIDS 9 C]TA9 CASES ?IS SAME COMPETITION1 ?IS RI<T TO APPLY A PR9CIPLE80 ,IT IS NO LONG] POSSIBLE10 SAYS ,M4 ,R5\>D1 ) /RONG REASON1 0TO /IFLE COMPETITORS BY COMB9+ 9 CORPORATIONS & GUILDS2 ! LOSS IS SUPPLI$ BY PAT5TS40 ,:Y HAS ! LEGISLATOR GIV5 H&S TO ?IS CONSPIRACY ( MONOPOLIES1 TO ?IS 9T]DICT UPON !ORIES BELONG+ TO ALL8 

,BUT :AT IS ! USE ( CONT9UALLY QUE/ION+ ONE :O CAN SAY NO?+8 ,! LEGISLATOR DID NOT KN[ 9 :AT SPIRIT HE WAS ACT+ :5 HE MADE ?IS /RANGE APPLICATION ( ! RI<T ( PROP]TY1 :I*1 TO BE EXACT1 WE \<T TO CALL ! RI<T ( PRIORITY4 ,LET HIM EXPLA9 HIMSELF1 !N1 AT LEA/1 REG>D+ ! CLAUSES ( ! CONTRACT MADE BY HIM1 9 \R NAME1 ) ! MONOPOLI/S4 

,I PASS 9 SIL5CE ! P>T RELAT+ TO DATES & O!R ADM9I/RATIVE & FISCAL =MALITIES1 & COME TO ?IS >TICLE3 

,! PAT5T DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ! 9V5TION4 

,D\BTLESS SOCIETY1 OR ! PR9CE :O REPRES5TS IT1 CANNOT & %\LD NOT GU>ANTEE ! 9V5TION1 S9CE1 9 GRANT+ A MONOPOLY = F\RTE5 YE>S1 SOCIETY BECOMES ! PUR*AS] ( ! PRIVILEGE1 & CONSEQU5TLY IT IS = ! PAT5TEE TO FURNI% ! GU>ANTEE4 ,H[1 !N1 CAN LEGISLATORS PR\DLY SAY TO !IR CON/ITU5TS3 0,WE HAVE NEGOTIAT$ 9 Y\R NAME ) AN 9V5TOR2 HE PL$GES HIMSELF TO GIVE Y\ ! 5JOYM5T ( HIS DISCOV]Y ON CONDITION ( HAV+ ! EXCLUSIVE EXPLOITATION = F\RTE5 YE>S4 ,BUT WE DO NOT GU>ANTEE ! 9V5TION08 ,ON :AT1 !N1 HAVE Y\ RELI$1 LEGISLATORS8 ,H[ DID Y\ FAIL TO SEE ?AT1 )\T A GU>ANTEE ( ! 9V5TION1 Y\ CONC$$ A PRIVILEGE1 NOT = A REAL DISCOV]Y1 BUT = A POSSIBLE DISCOV]Y1 & ?AT ?US ! FIELD ( 9DU/RY WAS GIV5 UP BY Y\ BE=E ! PL[ WAS F\ND8 ,C]TA9LY1 Y\R DUTY BADE Y\ TO BE PRUD5T2 BUT :O GAVE Y\ A COMMISSION TO BE DUPES8 

,?US ! PAT5T = 9V5TION IS NOT EV5 ! FIX+ ( A DATE2 IT IS AN AB&ONM5T 9 ANTICIPATION4 ,IT IS AS IF ! LAW %\LD SAY3 0,I ASSURE ! L& TO ! FIR/ OCCUPANT1 BUT )\T GU>ANTEE+ ITS QUALITY1 ITS LOCATION1 OR EV5 ITS EXI/5CE2 NOT EV5 KN[+ :E!R ,I \<T TO GIVE IT UP OR ?AT IT FALLS )9 ! DOMA9 ( APPROPRIATION60 ,A PRETTY USE ( ! LEGISLATIVE P[]6 

,I KN[ ?AT ! LAW HAD EXCELL5T REASONS = AB/A9+2 BUT ,I MA9TA9 ?AT IT ALSO HAD GOOD REASONS = 9T]V5+4 ,PRO(3 

0,IT CANNOT BE CONCEAL$10 SAYS ,M4 ,R5\>D1 0IT CANNOT BE PREV5T$2 PAT5TS >E & WILL BE 9/RUM5TS ( QUACK]Y AS WELL AS A LEGITIMATE REW>D ( LABOR & G5IUS4 4 4 4 ,IT IS = ! GOOD S5SE ( ! PUBLIC TO DO JU/ICE TO JUGGL]IES40 

,AS WELL SAY IT IS = ! GOOD S5SE ( ! PUBLIC TO DI/+UI% TRUE REM$IES FROM FALSE1 PURE W9E FROM ADULT]AT$2 OR1 IT IS = ! GOOD S5SE ( ! PUBLIC TO DI/+UI% 9 A BUTTONHOLE ! DECORATION AW>D$ TO M]IT FROM ?AT PRO/ITUT$ TO M$IOCRITY & 9TRIGUE4 ,:Y1 !N1 DO Y\ CALL Y\RSELVES ! ,/ATE1 ,P[]1 ,AU?ORITY1 ,POLICE1 IF ! WORK ( ,POLICE MU/ BE P]=M$ BY ! GOOD S5SE ( ! PUBLIC8 

,AS ! PROV]B SAYS1 HE :O [NS L& MU/ DEF5D IT2 LIKEWISE1 HE :O HOLDS A PRIVILEGE IS LIABLE TO ATTACK4 

,WELL6 H[ WILL Y\ JUDGE ! C\NT]FEIT1 IF Y\ HAVE NO GU>ANTEE8 ,9 VA9 WILL !Y (F] Y\ ! PLEA3 9 RI<T FIR/ OCCUPANCY1 9 FACT SIMIL>ITY4 ,:]E REALITY DEP5DS UPON QUALITY1 NOT TO DEM& A GU>ANTEE IS TO GRANT NO RI<T OV] ANY?+1 IS TO TAKE AWAY ! MEANS ( COMP>+ PROCESSES & ID5TIFY+ ! C\NT]FEIT4 ,9 ! MATT] ( 9DU/RIAL PROCESSES SUCCESS DEP5DS UPON SU* TRIFLES6 ,N[1 !SE TRIFLES >E ! :OLE4 

,I 9F] FROM ALL ?IS ?AT ! LAW REG>D+ PAT5TS = 9V5TIONS1 9DISP5SABLE SO F> AS ITS MOTIVES >E CONC]N$1 IS IMPOSSIBLE -- ?AT IS1 ILLOGICAL1 >BITR>Y1 DISA/R\S -- 9 ITS ECONOMY4 ,UND] ! CONTROL ( C]TA9 NECESSITIES ! LEGISLATOR HAS ?\<T BE/1 9 ! G5]AL 9T]E/1 TO GRANT A PRIVILEGE = A DEF9ITE ?+2 & HE F9DS ?AT HE HAS GIV5 A SIGNATURE-9-BLANK TO MONOPOLY1 ?AT HE HAS AB&ON$ ! *ANCES :I* ! PUBLIC HAD ( MAK+ ! DISCOV]Y OR SOME O!R SIMIL> TO IT1 ?AT HE HAS SACRIFIC$ ! RI<TS ( COMPETITORS )\T COMP5SATION1 & AB&ON$ ! GOOD FAI? ( DEF5SELESS CONSUM]S TO ! GRE$ ( QUACKS4 ,!N1 9 ORD] ?AT NO?+ MI<T BE LACK+ TO ! ABSURDITY ( ! CONTRACT1 HE HAS SAID TO ?OSE :OM HE \<T TO GU>ANTEE3 0,GU>ANTEE Y\RSELVES60 

,I DO NOT BELIEVE1 ANY MORE ?AN ,M4 ,R5\>D1 ?AT ! LEGISLATORS ( ALL AGES & ALL C\NTRIES HAVE WILLFULLY COMMITT$ ROBB]Y 9 SANCTION+ ! V>I\S MONOPOLIES :I* >E PIVOTAL 9 PUBLIC ECONOMY4 ,BUT ,M4 ,R5\>D MI<T WELL ALSO AGREE ) ME ?AT ! LEGISLATORS ( ALL AGES & ALL C\NTRIES HAVE NEV] UND]/OOD AT ALL !IR [N DECREES4 ,A DEAF & BL9D MAN ONCE LE>N$ TO R+ ! VILLAGE BELLS & W9D ! VILLAGE CLOCK4 ,IT WAS =TUNATE = HIM1 9 P]=M+ HIS BELL-R+]'S FUNCTIONS1 ?AT NEI!R ! NOISE ( ! BELLS NOR ! HEI<T ( ! BELL-T[] MADE HIM DIZZY4 ,! LEGISLATORS ( ALL AGES & ALL C\NTRIES1 = :OM ,I PR(ESS1 ) ,M4 ,R5\>D1 ! PR(\NDE/ RESPECT1 RESEMBLE ?AT BL9D & DEAF MAN2 !Y >E ! ,JACKS-9-!-CLOCK-H\SE ( ALL HUMAN FOLLIES4 

,:AT A FEA!R IT W\LD BE 9 MY CAP IF ,I %\LD SUCCE$ 9 MAK+ !SE AUTOMATA REFLECT6 IF ,I C\LD MAKE !M UND]/& ?AT !IR WORK IS A ,P5ELOPE'S WEB1 :I* !Y >E CONDEMN$ TO UNRAVEL AT ONE 5D AS FA/ AS !Y WEAVE AT ! O!R6 

,?US1 :ILE APPLAUD+ ! CREATION ( PAT5TS1 ON O!R PO9TS !Y DEM& ! ABOLITION ( PRIVILEGES1 & ALWAYS ) ! SAME PRIDE1 ! SAME SATISFACTION4 ,M4 ,HORACE ,SAY WI%ES TRADE 9 MEAT TO BE FREE4 ,AMONG O!R REASONS HE PUTS =W>D ?IS /RICTLY MA!MATICAL >GUM5T3 

,! BUT*] :O WANTS TO RETIRE FROM BUS9ESS SEEKS A PUR*AS] = HIS 9VE/M5T2 HE FIGURES 9 ! ACC\NT HIS TOOLS1 HIS M]*&ISE1 HIS REPUTATION1 & HIS CU/OM2 BUT UND] ! PRES5T SY/EM1 HE ADDS TO !SE ! VALUE ( ! B>E TITLE1 -- ?AT IS1 ! RI<T TO %>E 9 A MONOPOLY4 ,N[1 ?IS SUPPLEM5T>Y CAPITAL :I* ! PUR*AS+ BUT*] GIVES = ! TITLE BE>S 9T]E/2 IT IS NOT A NEW CREATION2 ?IS 9T]E/ MU/ 5T] 9TO ! PRICE ( HIS MEAT4 ,H5CE ! LIMITATION ( ! NUMB] ( BUT*]S' /ALLS HAS A T5D5CY TO RAISE ! PRICE ( MEAT RA!R ?AN L[] IT4 

,I DO NOT FE> TO AFFIRM 9CID5TALLY ?AT :AT ,I HAVE JU/ SAID AB\T ! SALE ( A BUT*]'S /ALL APPLIES TO EV]Y *>GE :ATEV] HAV+ A SALABLE TITLE4 

,M4 ,HORACE ,SAY'S REASONS = ! ABOLITION ( ! BUT*]'S PRIVILEGE >E UNANSW]ABLE2 MOREOV]1 !Y APPLY TO PR9T]S1 NOT>IES1 ATTORNEYS1 PROCESS-S]V]S1 CL]KS ( C\RTS1 AUCTIONE]S1 BROK]S1 DEAL]S 9 /OCKS1 DRUGGI/S1 & O!RS1 AS WELL AS TO BUT*]S4 ,BUT !Y DO NOT DE/ROY ! REASONS :I* HAVE L$ TO ! ADOPTION ( !SE MONOPOLIES1 & :I* >E G5]ALLY D$UC$ FROM ! NE$ ( SECURITY1 AU!NTICITY1 & REGUL>ITY 9 BUS9ESS1 AS WELL AS FROM ! 9T]E/S ( COMM]CE & ! PUBLIC HEAL?4 ,! OBJECT1 Y\ SAY1 IS NOT ATTA9$4 ,MY ,GOD6 ,I KN[ IT3 LEAVE ! BUT*]'S TRADE TO COMPETITION1 & Y\ WILL EAT C>RION2 E/ABLI% A MONOPOLY 9 ! BUT*]'S TRADE1 & Y\ WILL EAT C>RION4 ,?AT IS ! ONLY FRUIT Y\ CAN HOPE = FROM Y\R MONOPOLY & PAT5T LEGISLATION4 

,ABUSES6 CRY ! PROTECTIVE ECONOMI/S4 ,E/ABLI% OV] COMM]CE A SUP]VISORY POLICE1 MAKE TRADE-M>KS OBLIGATORY1 PUNI% ! ADULT]ATION ( PRODUCTS1 ETC4 

,9 ! PA? UPON :I* CIVILIZATION HAS 5T]$1 :I*EV] WAY WE TURN1 WE ALWAYS 5D1 !N1 EI!R 9 ! DESPOTISM ( MONOPOLY1 & CONSEQU5TLY ! OPPRESSION ( CONSUM]S1 OR ELSE 9 ! ANNIHILATION ( PRIVILEGE BY ! ACTION ( ! POLICE1 :I* IS TO GO BACKW>DS 9 ECONOMY & DISSOLVE SOCIETY BY DE/ROY+ LIB]TY4 ,M>VEL\S ?+6 9 ?IS SY/EM ( FREE 9DU/RY1 ABUSES1 LIKE LICE1 BE+ G5]AT$ BY !IR [N REM$IES1 IF ! LEGISLATOR %\LD TRY TO SUPPRESS ALL (F5SES1 BE ON ! WAT* AGA9/ ALL FRAUDS1 & SECURE P]SONS1 PROP]TY1 & ! PUBLIC WELF>E AGA9/ ANY ATTACK1 GO+ FROM RE=M TO RE=M1 HE W\LD F9ALLY SO MULTIPLY ! NONPRODUCTIVE FUNCTIONS ?AT ! 5TIRE NATION W\LD BE 5GAG$ 9 !M1 & ?AT AT LA/ !RE W\LD BE NOBODY LEFT TO PRODUCE4 ,EV]YBODY W\LD BE A POLICEMAN2 ! 9DU/RIAL CLASS W\LD BECOME A MY?4 ,!N1 P]HAPS1 ORD] W\LD REIGN 9 MONOPOLY4 

0,! PR9CIPLE ( ! LAW YET TO BE MADE CONC]N+ TRADE-M>KS10 SAYS ,M4 ,R5\>D1 0IS ?AT !SE M>KS CANNOT & %\LD NOT BE TRANS=M$ 9TO GU>ANTEES ( QUALITY40 

,?IS IS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! PAT5T LAW1 :I*1 AS WE HAVE SE51 DOES NOT GU>ANTEE ! 9V5TION4 ,ADOPT ,M4 ,R5\>D'S PR9CIPLE2 AFT] ?AT ( :AT USE WILL M>KS BE8 ,( :AT IMPORTANCE IS IT TO ME TO READ ON ! CORK ( A BOTTLE1 9/EAD ( TWELVE-C5T W9E OR FIFTE5-C5T W9E1 ,W,9,E-,D,R,9,K,],S' ,C,O,M,P,A,N,Y OR ! NAME ( ANY O!R CONC]N Y\ WILL8 ,:AT ,I C>E = IS NOT ! NAME ( ! M]*ANT1 BUT ! QUALITY & FAIR PRICE ( ! M]*&ISE4 

,! NAME ( ! MANUFACTUR] IS SUPPOS$1 IT IS TRUE1 TO S]VE AS A CONCISE SIGN ( GOOD OR BAD MANUFACTURE1 ( SUP]IOR OR 9F]IOR QUALITY4 ,!N :Y NOT FRANKLY TAKE P>T ) ?OSE :O ASK1 BESIDES ! M>K ( ORIG91 A M>K SIGNIFICANT ( SOME?+8 ,SU* A RES]VATION IS 9COMPREH5SIBLE4 ,! TWO SORTS ( M>KS HAVE ! SAME PURPOSE2 ! SECOND IS ONLY A /ATEM5T OR P>APHRASE ( ! FIR/1 A COND5SATION ( ! M]*ANT'S PROSPECTUS2 :Y1 ONCE MORE1 IF ! ORIG9 SIGNIFIES SOME?+1 %\LD NOT ! M>K DEF9E ?IS SIGNIFICANCE8 

,M4 ,WOL[SKI HAS V]Y CLE>LY DEVELOP$ ?IS >GUM5T 9 HIS OP5+ LECTURE ( #a#h#d#c-#d#d1 ! SUB/ANCE ( :I* LIES 5TIRELY 9 ! FOLL[+ ANALOGY3 ,JU/ AS ! GOV]NM5T HAS SUCCE$$ 9 DET]M9+ A /&>D ( QUANTITY1 IT MAY1 IT %\LD ALSO FIX A /&>D ( QUALITY2 ONE ( !SE /&>DS IS ! NECESS>Y COMPLEM5T ( ! O!R4 ,! MONET>Y UNIT1 ! SY/EM ( WEI<TS & MEASURES1 HAVE NOT 9FR+$ UPON 9DU/RIAL LIB]TY2 NO MORE W\LD IT BE DAMAG$ BY A SY/EM ( TRADE-M>KS4 

,M4 ,WOL[SKI !N SUPPORTS HIMSELF ON ! AU?ORITY ( ! PR9CES ( ! SCI5CE1 ,A4 ,SMI? & ,J4 ,B4 ,SAY1 -- A PRECAUTION ALWAYS USEFUL ) HE>]S :O B[ TO AU?ORITY MU* MORE ?AN TO REASON4 

,I DECL>E1 = MY P>T1 ?AT ,I ?OR\<LY %>E ,M4 ,WOL[SKI'S IDEA1 & = ! REASON ?AT ,I F9D IT PR(\NDLY REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! TRADE-M>K1 BE+1 ACCORD+ TO ,M4 ,WOL[SKI'S EXPRESSION1 NO?+ BUT A /&>D ( QUALITIES1 IS EQUIVAL5T 9 MY EYES TO A G5]AL S*$UL+ ( PRICES4 ,=1 :E!R A P>TICUL> ADM9I/RATION M>KS 9 ! NAME ( ! ,/ATE & GU>ANTEES ! QUALITY ( ! M]*&ISE1 AS IS ! CASE ) GOLD & SILV]1 OR :E!R ! MATT] ( M>K+ IS LEFT TO ! MANUFACTUR]1 FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ! M>K MU/ GIVE ! 9TR9SIC COMPOSITION ( ! M]*&ISE 7!SE >E ,M4 ,WOL[SKI'S [N WORDS7 & GU>ANTEE ! CONSUM] AGA9/ ALL SURPRISE1 IT NECESS>ILY RESOLVES ITSELF 9TO A FIX$ PRICE4 ,IT IS NOT ! SAME ?+ AS PRICE2 TWO SIMIL> PRODUCTS1 BUT DIFF]+ 9 ORIG9 & QUALITY1 MAY BE ( EQUAL VALUE1 AS A BOTTLE ( ,BURGUNDY MAY BE WOR? A BOTTLE ( ,BORDEAUX2 BUT ! M>K1 BE+ SIGNIFICANT1 LEADS TO AN EXACT KN[L$GE ( ! PRICE1 S9CE IT GIVES ! ANALYSIS4 ,TO CALCULATE ! PRICE ( AN >TICLE ( M]*&ISE IS TO DECOMPOSE IT 9TO ITS CON/ITU5T P>TS2 N[1 ?AT IS EXACTLY :AT ! TRADE-M>K MU/ DO1 IF DESIGN$ TO SIGNIFY ANY?+4 ,!RE=E WE >E ON ! ROAD1 AS ,I HAVE SAID1 TO A G5]AL S*$UL+ ( PRICES4 

,BUT A G5]AL S*$UL+ ( PRICES IS NO?+ BUT A DET]M9ATION ( ALL VALUES1 & H]E AGA9 POLITICAL ECONOMY COMES 9TO CONFLICT ) ITS [N PR9CIPLES & T5D5CIES4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 TO REALIZE ,M4 ,WOL[SKI'S RE=M1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO BEG9 BY SOLV+ ALL ! PREVI\S CONTRADICTIONS & 5T] A HI<] SPH]E ( ASSOCIATION2 & IT IS ?IS ABS5CE ( SOLUTION :I* HAS BR\<T D[N UPON ,M4 ,WOL[SKI'S SY/EM ! CONDEMNATION ( MO/ ( HIS FELL[-ECONOMI/S4 

,9 FACT1 ! SY/EM ( TRADE-M>KS IS 9APPLICABLE 9 ! EXI/+ ORD]1 BECAUSE ?IS SY/EM1 CONTR>Y TO ! 9T]E/S ( ! MANUFACTUR]S & REPUGNANT TO !IR HABITS1 C\LD BE SU/A9$ ONLY BY ! 5]GETIC WILL ( P[]4 ,SUPPOSE = A MOM5T ?AT ! ADM9I/RATION BE *>G$ ) AFFIX+ ! M>KS2 ITS AG5TS WILL HAVE TO 9T]POSE CONT9UALLY 9 ! WORK ( MANUFACTURE1 AS IT 9T]POSES 9 ! LIQUOR BUS9ESS & ! MANUFACTURE ( BE]2 FUR!R1 !SE AG5TS1 :OSE FUNCTIONS SEEM ALREADY SO 9TRUSIVE & ANNOY+1 DEAL ONLY ) TAXABLE QUANTITIES1 NOT ) EX*ANGEABLE QUALITIES4 ,!SE FISCAL SUP]VISORS & 9SPECTORS WILL HAVE TO C>RY !IR 9VE/IGATION 9TO ALL DETAILS 9 ORD] TO REPRESS & PREV5T FRAUD2 & :AT FRAUD8 ,! LEGISLATOR WILL HAVE DEF9$ IT EI!R 9CORRECTLY OR NOT AT ALL2 IT IS AT ?IS PO9T ?AT ! TASK BECOMES APPALL+4 

,!RE IS NO FRAUD 9 SELL+ W9E ( ! POORE/ QUALITY1 BUT !RE IS FRAUD 9 PASS+ (F ONE QUALITY = ANO!R2 !N Y\ >E OBLIG$ TO DIFF]5TIATE ! QUALITIES ( W9ES1 & CONSEQU5TLY TO GU>ANTEE !M4 ,IS IT FRAUDUL5T TO MIX W9ES8 ,*APTAL1 9 HIS TREATISE ON ! >T ( MAK+ W9E1 ADVISES ?IS AS EM95TLY USEFUL2 ON ! O!R H&1 EXP]I5CE PROVES ?AT C]TA9 W9ES1 9 SOME WAY ANTAGONI/IC TO EA* O!R OR 9COMPATIBLE1 PRODUCE BY !IR MIXTURE A DISAGREEABLE & UNHEAL?Y DR9K4 ,!N Y\ >E OBLIG$ TO SAY :AT W9ES CAN BE USEFULLY MIX$1 & :AT CANNOT4 ,IS IT FRAUDUL5T TO >OMATIZE1 ALCOHOLIZE1 & WAT] W9ES8 ,*APTAL RECOMM5DS ?IS ALSO2 & EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT ?IS DRUGG+ PRODUCES SOMETIMES ADVANTAGE\S RESULTS1 SOMETIMES P]NICI\S & DETE/ABLE EFFECTS4 ,:AT SUB/ANCES WILL Y\ PROSCRIBE8 ,9 :AT CASES8 ,9 :AT PROPORTION8 ,WILL Y\ PROHIBIT *ICORY 9 C(FEE1 GLUCOSE 9 BE]1 WAT]1 CID]1 & ?REE-SIX ALCOHOL 9 W9E8 

,! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 9 ! RUDE ATTEMPT AT A LAW :I* IT WAS PLEAS$ TO MAKE ?IS YE> REG>D+ ! ADULT]ATION ( W9ES1 /OPP$ 9 ! V]Y MIDDLE ( ITS WORK1 OV]COME BY ! 9EXTRICABLE DIFFICULTIES ( ! QUE/ION4 ,IT SUCCE$$ 9 DECL>+ ?AT ! 9TRODUCTION ( WAT] 9TO W9E1 & ( ALCOHOL ABOVE ! PROPORTION ( EI<TE5 P]C5T1 WAS FRAUDUL5T1 & 9 PUTT+ ?IS FRAUD 9TO ! CATEGORY ( (F5SES4 ,IT WAS ON ! GR\ND ( IDEOLOGY2 !RE ONE NEV] MEETS AN OB/ACLE4 ,BUT EV]YBODY HAS SE5 9 ?IS R$\BL+ ( SEV]ITY ! 9T]E/ ( ! TREASURY MU* MORE ?AN ?AT ( ! CONSUM]2 ! ,*AMB] DID NOT D>E TO CREATE A :OLE >MY ( W9E-TA/]S1 9SPECTORS1 ETC41 TO WAT* = FRAUD & ID5TIFY IT1 & ?US LOAD ! BUDGET ) A FEW EXTRA MILLIONS2 9 PROHIBIT+ WAT]+ & ALCOHOLIZATION1 ! ONLY MEANS LEFT TO ! M]*ANT-MANUFACTUR]S ( PUTT+ W9E )9 ! REA* ( ALL & REALIZ+ PR(ITS1 IT DID NOT SUCCE$ 9 9CREAS+ ! M>KET BY A DECREASE 9 PRODUCTION4 ,! *AMB]1 9 A WORD1 9 PROSECUT+ ! ADULT]ATION ( W9ES1 HAS SIMPLY SET BACK ! LIMITS ( FRAUD4 ,TO MAKE ITS WORK ACCOMPLI% ITS PURPOSE IT W\LD FIR/ HAVE TO %[ H[ ! LIQUOR TRADE IS POSSIBLE )\T ADULT]ATION1 & H[ ! PEOPLE CAN BUY UNADULT]AT$ W9E1 -- :I* IS BEYOND ! COMPET5CY & ESCAPES ! CAPACITY ( ! ,*AMB]4 

,IF Y\ WI% ! CONSUM] TO BE GU>ANTE$1 BO? AS TO VALUE & AS TO HEAL?FULNESS1 Y\ >E =C$ TO KN[ & TO DET]M9E ALL ?AT CON/ITUTES GOOD & HONE/ PRODUCTION1 TO BE CONT9UALLY AT ! HEELS ( ! MANUFACTUR]1 & TO GUIDE HIM AT EV]Y /EP4 ,HE NO LONG] MANUFACTURES2 Y\1 ! ,/ATE1 >E ! REAL MANUFACTUR]4 

,?US Y\ F9D Y\RSELF 9 A TRAP4 ,EI!R Y\ HAMP] ! LIB]TY ( COMM]CE BY 9T]F]+ 9 PRODUCTION 9 A ?\S& WAYS1 OR Y\ DECL>E Y\RSELF SOLE PRODUC] & SOLE M]*ANT4 

,9 ! FIR/ CASE1 ?R\< ANNOY+ EV]YBODY1 Y\ WILL F9ALLY CAUSE EV]YBODY TO REBEL2 & SOON] OR LAT]1 ! ,/ATE GETT+ ITSELF EXPELL$1 TRADE-M>KS WILL BE ABOLI%$4 ,9 ! SECOND Y\ SUB/ITUTE EV]Y:]E ! ACTION ( P[] = 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE1 :I* IS CONTR>Y TO ! PR9CIPLES ( POLITICAL ECONOMY & ! CON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY4 ,DO Y\ TAKE A MIDDLE C\RSE8 ,IT IS FAVOR1 NEPOTISM1 HYPOCRISY1 ! WOR/ ( SY/EMS4 

,SUPPOSE1 N[1 ?AT ! M>K+ BE LEFT TO ! MANUFACTUR]4 ,I SAY ?AT !N ! M>KS1 EV5 IF MADE OBLIGATORY1 WILL GRADUALLY LOSE !IR SIGNIFICANCE1 & AT LA/ BECOME ONLY PRO(S ( ORIG94 ,HE KN[S BUT LITTLE ( COMM]CE :O IMAG9ES ?AT A M]*ANT1 A HEAD ( A MANUFACTUR+ 5T]PRISE1 MAK+ USE ( PROCESSES ?AT >E NOT PAT5TABLE1 WILL BETRAY ! SECRET ( HIS 9DU/RY1 ( HIS PR(ITS1 ( HIS EXI/5CE4 ,! SIGNIFICANCE WILL !N BE A DELUSION2 IT IS NOT 9 ! P[] ( ! POLICE TO MAKE IT O!RWISE4 ,! ,ROMAN EMP]ORS1 TO DISCOV] ! ,*RI/IANS :O DISSEMBL$ !IR RELIGION1 OBLIG$ EV]YBODY TO SACRIFICE TO ! IDOLS4 ,!Y MADE APO/ATES & M>TYRS2 & ! NUMB] ( ,*RI/IANS ONLY 9CREAS$4 ,LIKEWISE SIGNIFICANT M>KS1 USEFUL TO SOME H\SES1 WILL 5G5D] 9NUM]ABLE FRAUDS & REPRESSIONS2 ?AT IS ALL ?AT CAN BE EXPECT$ ( !M4 ,TO 9DUCE ! MANUFACTUR] TO FRANKLY 9DICATE ! 9TR9SIC COMPOSITION -- ?AT IS1 ! 9DU/RIAL & COMM]CIAL VALUE -- ( HIS M]*&ISE1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO FREE HIM FROM ! P]ILS ( COMPETITION & SATISFY HIS MONOPOLI/IC 9/9CTS3 CAN Y\ DO IT8 ,IT IS NECESS>Y1 FUR!R1 TO 9T]E/ ! CONSUM] 9 ! REPRESSION ( FRAUD1 :I*1 SO LONG AS ! PRODUC] IS NOT UTT]LY DIS9T]E/$1 IS AT ONCE IMPOSSIBLE & CONTRADICTORY4 ,IMPOSSIBLE3 PLACE ON ! ONE H& A DEPRAV$ CONSUM]1 ,*9A2 ON ! O!R A DESP]ATE M]*ANT1 ,5GL&2 BETWE5 !M A V5OM\S DRUG CAUS+ EXCITEM5T & 9TOXICATION2 &1 9 SPITE ( ALL ! POLICE 9 ! WORLD1 Y\ WILL HAVE TRADE 9 OPIUM4 ,CONTRADICTORY3 9 SOCIETY ! CONSUM] & ! PRODUC] >E BUT ONE1 -- ?AT IS1 BO? >E 9T]E/$ 9 ! PRODUCTION ( ?AT :I* IT IS 9JURI\S TO !M TO CONSUME2 & AS1 9 ! CASE ( EA*1 CONSUMPTION FOLL[S PRODUCTION & SALE1 ALL WILL COMB9E TO GU>D ! FIR/ 9T]E/1 LEAV+ IT TO EA* TO GU>D HIMSELF AGA9/ ! SECOND4 

,! ?\<T :I* PROMPT$ TRADE-M>KS IS ( ! SAME *>ACT] AS ?AT :I* =M]LY 9SPIR$ ! MAXIMUM LAWS4 ,H]E AGA9 IS ONE ( ! 9NUM]ABLE CROSS-ROADS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY4 

,IT IS 9DISPUTABLE ?AT MAXIMUM LAWS1 ?\< MADE & SUPPORT$ BY !IR AU?ORS 5TIRELY AS A RELIEF FROM FAM9E1 HAVE 9V>IABLY RESULT$ 9 AN AGGRAVATION ( FAM9E4 ,ACCORD+LY IT IS NOT 9JU/ICE OR MALICE ) :I* ! ECONOMI/S *>GE !SE ABHORR$ LAWS1 BUT /UPIDITY1 9EXP$I5CY4 ,BUT :AT A CONTRADICTION 9 ! !ORY ) :I* !Y OPPOSE !M6 

,TO RELIEVE FAM9E IT IS NECESS>Y TO CALL UP PROVISIONS1 OR1 TO PUT IT BETT]1 TO BR+ !M TO LI<T2 SO F> !RE IS NO?+ TO REPROA*4 ,TO SECURE A SUPPLY ( PROVISIONS IT IS NECESS>Y TO ATTRACT ! HOLD]S BY PR(ITS1 EXCITE !IR COMPETITION1 & ASSURE !M COMPLETE LIB]TY 9 ! M>KET3 DOES NOT ?IS PROCESS /RIKE Y\ AS ! ABSURDE/ HOMEOPA?Y8 ,H[ IS IT ?AT ! MORE EASILY ,I CAN BE TAX$ ! SOON] ,I %ALL BE PROVID$8 ,LET ALONE1 !Y SAY1 LET PASS2 LET COMPETITION & MONOPOLY ACT1 ESPECIALLY 9 TIMES ( FAM9E1 & EV5 ?\< FAM9E IS ! EFFECT ( COMPETITION & MONOPOLY4 ,:AT LOGIC6 BUT1 ABOVE ALL1 :AT MORALITY6 

,BUT :Y1 !N1 %\LD !RE NOT BE A T>IFF = F>M]S AS WELL AS = BAK]S8 ,:Y NOT A REGI/RATION ( ! S[+1 ( ! H>VE/1 ( ! V9TAGE1 ( ! PA/URAGE1 & ( ! CATTLE1 AS WELL AS A /AMP = NEWSPAP]S1 CIRCUL>S1 & ORD]S1 OR AN ADM9I/RATION = BREW]S & W9E-M]*ANTS8 ,UND] ! MONOPOLY SY/EM ?IS W\LD BE1 ,I ADMIT1 AN 9CREASE ( TORM5TS2 BUT ) \R T5D5CIES TO UNFAIRNESS 9 TRADE & ! DISPOSITION ( P[] TO CONT9UALLY 9CREASE ITS P]SONNEL & ITS BUDGET1 A LAW ( 9QUISITION REG>D+ CROPS IS BECOM+ DAILY MORE 9DISP5SABLE4 

,BESIDES1 IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO SAY :I*1 FREE TRADE OR ! MAXIMUM1 CAUSES ! MORE EVIL 9 TIMES ( FAM9E4 

,BUT1 :I*EV] C\RSE Y\ *OOSE1 -- & Y\ CANNOT AVOID ! ALT]NATIVE1 -- ! DECEPTION IS SURE & ! DISA/] IMM5SE4 ,) ! MAXIMUM GOODS SEEK CONCEALM5T2 ! T]ROR 9CREAS+ FROM ! V]Y EFFECT ( ! LAW1 ! PRICE ( PROVISIONS RISES & RISES2 SOON CIRCULATION /OPS1 & ! CATA/ROPHE FOLL[S1 AS PROMPT & PITILESS AS A B& ( PLUND]]S4 ,) COMPETITION ! PROGRESS ( ! SC\RGE IS SL[]1 BUT NO LESS FATAL3 H[ MANY DEA?S FROM EXHAU/ION OR HUNG] BE=E ! HI< PRICES ATTRACT FOOD TO ! M>KET6 H[ MANY VICTIMS ( EXTORTION AFT] IT HAS >RIV$6 ,IT IS ! /ORY ( ! K+ TO :OM ,GOD1 9 PUNI%M5T = HIS PRIDE1 (F]$ ! ALT]NATIVE ( ?REE DAYS' PE/IL5CE1 ?REE MON?S' FAM9E1 OR ?REE YE>S' W>4 ,DAVID *OSE ! %ORTE/2 ! ECONOMI/S PREF] ! LONGE/4 ,MAN IS SO MIS]ABLE ?AT HE W\LD RA!R 5D BY CONSUMPTION ?AN BY APOPLEXY2 IT SEEMS TO HIM ?AT HE DOES NOT DIE AS MU*4 ,?IS IS ! REASON :Y ! DISADVANTAGES ( ! MAXIMUM & ! B5EFITS ( FREE TRADE HAVE BE5 SO MU* EXAGG]AT$4 

,= ! RE/1 IF ,FRANCE DUR+ ! LA/ TW5TY-FIVE YE>S HAS EXP]I5C$ NO G5]AL FAM9E1 ! CAUSE IS NOT 9 ! LIB]TY ( COMM]CE1 :I* KN[S V]Y WELL1 :5 IT WI%ES1 H[ TO PRODUCE SC>CITY 9 ! MID/ ( PL5TY & H[ TO MAKE FAM9E PREVAIL 9 ! BOSOM ( ABUNDANCE2 IT IS 9 ! IMPROVEM5T 9 ! ME?ODS ( COMMUNICATION1 :I*1 %ORT5+ DI/ANCES1 SOON RE/ORE ! EQUILIBRIUM DI/URB$ = A MOM5T BY LOCAL P5URY4 ,A /RIK+ EXAMPLE ( ?AT SAD TRU? ?AT 9 SOCIETY ! G5]AL WELF>E IS NEV] ! EFFECT ( A CONSPIRACY ( 9DIVIDUAL WILLS6 

,! F>!R WE DELVE 9TO ?IS SY/EM ( ILLUSORY COMPROMISES BETWE5 MONOPOLY & SOCIETY1 -- ?AT IS1 AS WE HAVE EXPLA9$ 9 #a ( ?IS *APT]1 BETWE5 CAPITAL & LABOR1 BETWE5 ! PATRICIATE & ! PROLET>IAT1 -- ! MORE WE DISCOV] ?AT IT IS ALL =ESE51 REGULAT$1 & EXECUT$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) ?IS 9F]NAL MAXIM1 ) :I* ,HOBBES & ,MA*IAVEL1 ?OSE !ORI/S ( DESPOTISM1 W]E UNACQUA9T$3 ,E,V,],Y,?,+ ,B,Y ,! ,P,E,O,P,L,E ,& ,A,G,A,9,/ ,! ,P,E,O,P,L,E4 ,:ILE LABOR PRODUCES1 CAPITAL1 UND] ! MASK ( A FALSE FECUNDITY1 5JOYS & ABUSES2 ! LEGISLATOR1 9 (F]+ HIS M$IATION1 ?\<T TO RECALL ! PRIVILEG$ CLASS TO FRAT]NAL FEEL+S & SURR\ND ! LABOR] ) GU>ANTEES2 & N[ HE F9DS1 BY ! FATAL CONTRADICTION ( 9T]E/S1 ?AT EA* ( !SE GU>ANTEES IS AN 9/RUM5T ( TORTURE4 ,IT W\LD REQUIRE A HUNDR$ VOLUMES1 ! LIFE ( T5 M51 & A HE>T ( IRON1 TO RELATE FROM ?IS /&PO9T ! CRIMES ( ! ,/ATE T[>DS ! POOR & ! 9F9ITE V>IETY ( ITS TORTURES4 ,A SUMM>Y GLANCE AT ! PR9CIPAL CLASSES ( POLICE WILL BE 5\< TO 5ABLE US TO E/IMATE ITS SPIRIT & ECONOMY4 

,AFT] HAV+ S[N TR\BLE 9 ALL M9DS BY A CONFUSION ( CIVIL1 COMM]CIAL1 & ADM9I/RATIVE LAWS1 MADE ! IDEA ( JU/ICE MORE OBSCURE BY MULTIPLY+ CONTRADICTIONS1 & R5D]$ NECESS>Y A :OLE CLASS ( 9T]PRET]S = ! EXPLANATION ( ?IS SY/EM1 IT HAS BE5 F\ND NECESS>Y ALSO TO ORGANIZE ! REPRESSION ( CRIMES & PROVIDE = !IR PUNI%M5T4 ,CRIM9AL JU/ICE1 ?AT P>TICUL>LY RI* ORD] ( ! GREAT FAMILY ( NON-PRODUC]S1 :OSE MA9T5ANCE CO/S ,FRANCE ANNUALLY MORE ?AN SIX MILLION DOLL>S1 HAS BECOME TO SOCIETY A PR9CIPLE ( EXI/5CE AS NECESS>Y AS BREAD IS TO ! LIFE ( MAN2 BUT ) ?IS DIFF]5CE1 -- ?AT MAN LIVES BY ! PRODUCT ( HIS H&S1 :ILE SOCIETY DEV\RS ITS MEMB]S & FE$S ON ITS [N FLE%4 

,IT IS CALCULAT$ BY SOME ECONOMI/S ?AT !RE IS1 

,9 ,LONDON 4 4 #a CRIM9AL TO EV]Y #hi 9HABITANTS4 

,9 ,LIV]POOL 4 4 #a 0 0 0 #de 0 

,9 ,NEWCA/LE 4 4 #a 0 0 0 #bg 0 

,BUT !SE FIGURES LACK ACCURACY1 &1 UTT]LY FRI<TFUL AS !Y SEEM1 DO NOT EXPRESS ! REAL DEGREE ( SOCIAL P]V]SION DUE TO ! POLICE4 ,WE HAVE TO DET]M9E H]E NOT ONLY ! NUMB] ( RECOGNIZ$ CRIM9ALS1 BUT ! NUMB] ( (F5SES4 ,! WORK ( ! CRIM9AL C\RTS IS ONLY A SPECIAL ME*ANISM :I* S]VES TO PLACE 9 RELIEF ! MORAL DE/RUCTION ( HUMANITY UND] ! MONOPOLY SY/EM2 BUT ?IS (FICIAL EXHIBITION IS F> FROM 9CLUD+ ! :OLE EXT5T ( ! EVIL4 ,H]E >E O!R FIGURES :I* WILL LEAD US TO A MORE C]TA9 APPROXIMATION4 

,! POLICE C\RTS ( ,P>IS DISPOS$1 

,9 #ahce 4 4 4 4 ( #a#f1#d#f#g CASES4 

,9 #ahcf 4 4 4 4 0 #a#b#h1#d#h#i 0 

,9 #ahcg 4 4 4 4 0 #a#d1#b#d#g 0 

,SUPPOS+ ?IS RATE ( 9CREASE TO HAVE CONT9U$ UP TO #a#h#d#f1 & TO ?IS TOTAL ( MISDEMEANORS ADD+ ! CASES ( ! CRIM9AL C\RTS1 ! SIMPLE MATT]S ?AT GO NO FUR!R ?AN ! POLICE1 & ALL ! (F5SES UNKN[N OR LEFT UNPUNI%$1 -- (F5SES F> SURPASS+ 9 NUMB]1 SO ! MAGI/RATES SAY1 ?OSE :I* JU/ICE REA*ES1 -- WE %ALL >RIVE AT ! CONCLUSION ?AT 9 ONE YE>1 9 ! CITY ( ,P>IS1 !RE >E MORE 9FRACTIONS ( ! LAW COMMITT$ ?AN !RE >E 9HABITANTS4 ,& AS IT IS NECESS>Y TO D$UCT FROM ! PRESUMABLE AU?ORS ( !SE 9FRACTIONS *ILDR5 ( SEV5 YE>S & UND]1 :O >E \TSIDE ! LIMITS ( GUILT1 ! FIGURES WILL %[ ?AT EV]Y ADULT CITIZ5 IS GUILTY1 ?REE OR F\R TIMES A YE>1 ( VIOLAT+ ! E/ABLI%$ ORD]4 

,?US ! PROPRIET>Y SY/EM IS MA9TA9$ AT ,P>IS ONLY BY ! ANNUAL CONSUMMATION ( ONE OR TWO MILLIONS ( (F5SES6 ,N[1 ?\< ALL !SE (F5SES %\LD BE ! WORK ( A S+LE MAN1 ! >GUM5T W\LD /ILL HOLD GOOD3 ?IS MAN W\LD BE ! SCAPEGOAT LOAD$ ) ! S9S ( ,ISRAEL3 ( :AT CONSEQU5CE IS ! NUMB] ( ! GUILTY1 PROVID$ JU/ICE HAS ITS CONT+5T8 

,VIOL5CE1 P]JURY1 ROBB]Y1 *EAT+1 CONTEMPT ( P]SONS & SOCIETY1 >E SO MU* A P>T ( ! ESS5CE ( MONOPOLY2 !Y FL[ FROM IT SO NATURALLY1 ) SU* P]FECT REGUL>ITY1 & 9 ACCORDANCE ) LAWS SO C]TA91 -- ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SUBMIT !IR P]PETRATION TO CALCULATION1 &1 GIV5 ! NUMB] ( A POPULATION1 ! CONDITION ( ITS 9DU/RY1 & ! /AGE ( ITS 5LI<T5M5T1 TO RIGOR\SLY D$UCE !REFROM ! /ATI/ICS ( ITS MORALITY4 ,! ECONOMI/S DO NOT KN[ YET :AT ! PR9CIPLE ( VALUE IS2 BUT !Y KN[1 )9 A FEW DECIMALS1 ! PROPORTIONALITY ( CRIME4 ,SO MANY ?\S& S\LS1 SO MANY MALEFACTORS1 SO MANY CONDEMNATIONS3 AB\T ?AT !RE CAN BE NO MI/AKE4 ,IT IS ONE ( ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL APPLICATIONS ( ! !ORY ( *ANCES1 & ! MO/ ADVANC$ BRAN* ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE4 ,IF SOCIALISM HAD 9V5T$ ?IS ACCUS+ !ORY1 ! :OLE WORLD W\LD HAVE CRI$ CALUMNY4 

,YET1 AFT] ALL1 :AT IS !RE 9 IT ?AT %\LD SURPRISE US8 ,AS MIS]Y IS A NECESS>Y RESULT ( ! CONTRADICTIONS ( SOCIETY1 A RESULT :I* IT IS POSSIBLE TO DET]M9E MA!MATICALLY FROM ! RATE ( 9T]E/1 ! RATE ( WAGES1 & ! PREVAIL+ M>KET-PRICES1 SO CRIMES & MISDEMEANORS >E ANO!R EFFECT ( ?IS SAME ANTAGONISM1 SUSCEPTIBLE1 LIKE ITS CAUSE1 ( E/IMATION BY FIGURES4 ,! MAT]IALI/S HAVE DRAWN ! SILLIE/ 9F]5CES FROM ?IS SUBORD9ATION ( LIB]TY TO ! LAWS ( NUMB]S3 AS IF MAN W]E NOT UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ALL ?AT SURR\NDS HIM1 & AS IF1 S9CE ALL ?AT SURR\NDS HIM IS GOV]N$ BY 9EXORABLE LAWS1 HE MU/ NOT EXP]I5CE1 9 HIS FREE/ MANIFE/ATIONS1 ! REACTION ( ?OSE LAWS6 

,! SAME *>ACT] ( NECESSITY :I* WE HAVE JU/ PO9T$ \T 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T & SU/5ANCE ( CRIM9AL JU/ICE IS F\ND1 BUT UND] A MORE METAPHYSICAL ASPECT1 9 ITS MORALITY4 

,9 ! OP9ION ( ALL MORALI/S1 ! P5ALTY %\LD BE SU* AS TO SECURE ! RE=MATION ( ! (F5D]1 & CONSEQU5TLY FREE FROM EV]Y?+ ?AT MI<T CAUSE HIS DEGRADATION4 ,F> BE IT FROM ME TO COMBAT ?IS BLESS$ T5D5CY ( M9DS & DISP>AGE ATTEMPTS :I* W\LD HAVE BE5 ! GLORY ( ! GREATE/ M5 ( ANTIQUITY4 ,PHILAN?ROPY1 9 SPITE ( ! RIDICULE :I* SOMETIMES ATTA*ES TO ITS NAME1 WILL REMA91 9 ! EYES ( PO/]ITY1 ! MO/ HONORABLE *>ACT]I/IC ( \R TIME3 ! ABOLITION ( ! DEA? P5ALTY1 :I* IS M]ELY PO/PON$2 ! ABOLITION ( ! /IGMA2 ! /UDIES REG>D+ ! EFFECTS ( ! CELLUL> SY/EM2 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK%OPS 9 ! PRISONS2 & A MULTITUDE ( O!R RE=MS :I* ,I CANNOT EV5 NAME1 -- GIVE EVID5CE ( REAL PROGRESS 9 \R IDEAS & 9 \R MORALS4 ,:AT ! AU?OR ( ,*RI/IANITY1 9 AN IMPULSE ( SUBLIME LOVE1 RELAT$ ( HIS MY/ICAL K+DOM1 :]E ! REP5TANT S9N] WAS TO BE GLORIFI$ ABOVE ! JU/ & ! 9NOC5T MAN1 -- ?AT UTOPIA ( ,*RI/IAN *>ITY HAS BECOME ! ASPIRATION ( \R SKEPTICAL SOCIETY2 & :5 ONE ?9KS ( ! UNANIMITY ( FEEL+ :I* PREVAILS 9 RESPECT TO IT1 HE ASKS HIMSELF ) SURPRISE :O !N PREV5TS ?IS ASPIRATION FROM BE+ REALIZ$4 

,ALAS6 IT IS BECAUSE REASON IS /ILL /RONG] ?AN LOVE1 & LOGIC MORE T5ACI\S ?AN CRIME2 IT IS BECAUSE H]E AS EV]Y:]E 9 \R CIVILIZATION !RE REIGNS AN 9SOLUBLE CONTRADICTION4 ,LET US NOT W&] 9TO FANTA/IC WORLDS2 LET US EMBRACE1 9 ALL ITS FRI<TFUL NUDITY1 ! REAL ONE4 

,LE CRIME FAIT LA HONTE1 ET NON PAS L'E*AFAUD1.<#a.> 

SAYS ! PROV]B4 ,BY ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT MAN IS PUNI%$1 PROVID$ HE DES]V$ TO BE1 HE IS DEGRAD$3 ! P5ALTY R5D]S HIM 9FAM\S1 NOT BY VIRTUE ( ! DEF9ITION ( ! CODE1 BUT BY REASON ( ! FAULT :I* CAUS$ ! PUNI%M5T4 ,( :AT IMPORTANCE1 !N1 IS ! MAT]IALITY ( ! PUNI%M5T8 ( :AT IMPORTANCE ALL Y\R P5IT5TI>Y SY/EMS8 ,:AT Y\ DO IS TO SATISFY Y\R FEEL+S1 BUT IS P[]LESS TO REHABILITATE ! UN=TUNATE :OM Y\R JU/ICE /RIKES4 ,! GUILTY MAN1 ONCE BR&$ BY *A/ISEM5T1 IS 9CAPABLE ( RECONCILIATION2 HIS /A9 IS 9DELIBLE1 & HIS DAMNATION ET]NAL4 ,IF IT W]E POSSIBLE = IT TO BE O!RWISE1 ! P5ALTY W\LD CEASE TO BE PROPORTIONAL TO ! (F5SE2 IT W\LD BE NO MORE ?AN A FICTION1 IT W\LD BE NO?+4 ,HE :OM MIS]Y HAS L$ TO L>C5Y1 IF HE SUFF]S HIMSELF TO FALL 9TO ! H&S ( JU/ICE1 REMA9S =EV] ! 5EMY ( ,GOD & M52 BETT]  

,NOTE3  

.<#a.> ,! CRIME MAKES ! %AME1 & NOT ! SCAFFOLD4 -- ,TRANSLATOR4 

= HIM ?AT HE HAD NEV] BE5 BORN2 IT WAS ,JESUS ,*RI/ :O SAID IT3  ,BONUM ]AT EI1 SI NATUS NON FUISSET HOMO ILLE4 ,& :AT ,JESUS ,*RI/ DECL>$1 ,*RI/IANS & 9FIDELS DO NOT DISPUTE3 ! IRREP>ABILITY ( %AME IS1 ( ALL ! REVELATIONS ( ! ,GOSPEL1 ! ONLY ONE :I* ! PROPRIET>Y WORLD HAS UND]/OOD4 ,?US1 SEP>AT$ FROM NATURE BY MONOPOLY1 CUT (F FROM HUMANITY BY POV]TY1 ! MO!R ( CRIME & ITS PUNI%M5T1 :AT REFUGE REMA9S = ! PLEBEIAN :OM LABOR CANNOT SUPPORT1 & :O IS NOT /RONG 5\< TO TAKE8 

,TO CONDUCT ?IS (F5SIVE & DEF5SIVE W> AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT A PUBLIC =CE WAS 9DISP5SABLE3 ! EXECUTIVE P[] GREW \T ( ! NECESSITIES ( CIVIL LEGISLATION1 ADM9I/RATION1 & JU/ICE4 ,& !RE AGA9 ! MO/ BEAUTIFUL HOPES HAVE *ANG$ 9TO BITT] DISAPPO9TM5TS4 

,AS LEGISLATOR1 AS BURGOMA/]1 & AS JUDGE1 ! PR9CE HAS SET HIMSELF UP AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( DIV9E AU?ORITY4 ,A DEF5D] ( ! POOR1 ! WID[1 & ! ORPHAN1 HE HAS PROMIS$ TO CAUSE LIB]TY & EQUALITY TO PREVAIL >\ND ! ?RONE1 TO COME TO ! AID ( LABOR1 & TO LI/5 TO ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE4 ,& ! PEOPLE HAVE ?R[N !MSELVES LOV+LY 9TO ! >MS ( P[]2 &1 :5 EXP]I5CE HAS MADE !M FEEL ?AT P[] WAS AGA9/ !M1 9/EAD ( BLAM+ ! 9/ITUTION1 !Y HAVE FALL5 TO ACCUS+ ! PR9CE1 EV] UNWILL+ TO UND]/& ?AT1 ! PR9CE BE+ BY NATURE & DE/9ATION ! *IEF ( NON-PRODUC]S & GREATE/ ( MONOPOLI/S1 IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE = HIM1 9 SPITE ( HIMSELF1 TO TAKE UP ! CAUSE ( ! PEOPLE4 

,ALL CRITICISM1 :E!R ( ! =M OR ! ACTS ( GOV]NM5T1 5DS 9 ?IS ESS5TIAL CONTRADICTION4 ,& :5 ! SELF-/YL$ !ORI/S ( ! SOV]EIGNTY ( ! PEOPLE PRET5D ?AT ! REM$Y = ! TYRANNY ( P[] CONSI/S 9 CAUS+ IT TO EMANATE FROM POPUL> SUFFRAGE1 !Y SIMPLY TURN1 LIKE ! SQUIRREL1 9 !IR CAGE4 ,=1 FROM ! MOM5T ?AT ! ESS5TIAL CONDITIONS ( P[] -- ?AT IS1 AU?ORITY1 PROP]TY1 HI]>*Y -- >E PRES]V$1 ! SUFFRAGE ( ! PEOPLE IS NO?+ BUT ! CONS5T ( ! PEOPLE TO !IR OPPRESSION1 -- :I* IS ! SILLIE/ *>LATANISM4 

,9 ! SY/EM ( AU?ORITY1 :ATEV] ITS ORIG91 MON>*ICAL OR DEMOCRATIC1 P[] IS ! NOBLE ORGAN ( SOCIETY2 BY IT SOCIETY LIVES & MOVES2 ALL 9ITIATIVE EMANATES FROM IT2 ORD] & P]FECTION >E :OLLY ITS WORK4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! DEF9ITIONS ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 -- DEF9ITIONS :I* H>MONIZE ) ! REALITY ( ?+S1 -- P[] IS ! S]IES ( NON-PRODUC]S :I* SOCIAL ORGANIZATION MU/ T5D TO 9DEF9ITELY R$UCE4 ,H[1 !N1 ) ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY SO DE> TO DEMOCRATS1 %ALL ! ASPIRATION ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 AN ASPIRATION :I* IS ALSO ?AT ( ! PEOPLE1 BE REALIZ$8 ,H[ %ALL ! GOV]NM5T1 :I* BY ! HYPO!SIS IS EV]Y?+1 BECOME AN OB$I5T S]VANT1 A SUBORD9ATE ORGAN8 ,:Y %\LD ! PR9CE HAVE RECEIV$ P[] SIMPLY TO WEAK5 IT1 & :Y %\LD HE LABOR1 ) A VIEW TO ORD]1 = HIS [N ELIM9ATION8 ,:Y %\LD HE NOT TRY RA!R TO =TIFY HIMSELF1 TO ADD TO HIS C\RTI]S1 TO CONT9UALLY OBTA9 NEW SUBSIDIES1 & F9ALLY TO FREE HIMSELF FROM DEP5D5CE ON ! PEOPLE1 ! 9EVITABLE GOAL ( ALL P[] ORIG9AT+ 9 ! PEOPLE8 

,IT IS SAID ?AT ! PEOPLE1 NAM+ ITS LEGISLATORS & ?R\< !M MAK+ ITS WILL KN[N TO P[]1 WILL ALWAYS BE 9 A POSITION TO >RE/ ITS 9VASIONS2 ?AT ?US ! PEOPLE WILL FILL AT ONCE ! ROLE ( PR9CE & ?AT ( SOV]EIGN4 ,SU*1 9 A WORD1 IS ! UTOPIA ( DEMOCRATS1 ! ET]NAL MY/IFICATION ) :I* !Y ABUSE ! PROLET>IAT4 

,BUT WILL ! PEOPLE MAKE LAWS AGA9/ P[]2 AGA9/ ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY & HI]>*Y1 :I* IS ! PR9CIPLE UPON :I* SOCIETY IS BAS$2 AGA9/ LIB]TY & PROP]TY8 ,ACCORD+ TO \R HYPO!SIS1 ?IS IS MORE ?AN IMPOSSIBLE1 IT IS CONTRADICTORY4 ,!N PROP]TY1 MONOPOLY1 COMPETITION1 9DU/RIAL PRIVILEGES1 ! 9EQUALITY ( =TUNES1 ! PREPOND]ANCE ( CAPITAL1 HI]>*ICAL & CRU%+ C5TRALIZATION1 ADM9I/RATIVE OPPRESSION1 LEGAL ABSOLUTISM1 WILL BE PRES]V$2 &1 AS IT IS IMPOSSIBLE = A GOV]NM5T NOT TO ACT 9 ! DIRECTION ( ITS PR9CIPLE1 CAPITAL WILL REMA9 AS BE=E ! GOD ( SOCIETY1 & ! PEOPLE1 /ILL EXPLOIT$1 /ILL DEGRAD$1 WILL HAVE GA9$ BY !IR ATTEMPT AT SOV]EIGNTY ONLY A DEMON/RATION ( !IR P[]LESSNESS4 

,9 VA9 DO ! P>TISANS ( P[]1 ALL ?OSE DYNA/ICO-REPUBLICAN DOCTR9AIRES :O >E ALIKE 9 EV]Y?+ BUT TACTICS1 FLATT] !MSELVES ?AT1 ONCE 9 CONTROL ( AFFAIRS1 !Y WILL 9AUGURATE RE=M EV]Y:]E4 ,RE=M :AT8 

,RE=M ! CON/ITUTION8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,?\< ! 5TIRE NATION %\LD 5T] ! CON/ITUTIONAL CONV5TION1 IT W\LD NOT LEAVE IT UNTIL IT HAD EI!R VOT$ ITS S]VITUDE UND] ANO!R =M1 OR DECRE$ ITS DISSOLUTION4 

,RECON/RUCT ! CODE1 ! WORK ( ! EMP]OR1 ! PURE SUB/ANCE ( ,ROMAN LAW & CU/OM8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,:AT HAVE Y\ TO PUT 9 ! PLACE ( Y\R PROPRIET>Y R\T9E1 \TSIDE ( :I* Y\ SEE & UND]/& NO?+8 9 ! PLACE ( Y\R LAWS ( MONOPOLY1 ! LIMITS ( :OSE CIRCLE Y\R IMAG9ATION IS P[]LESS TO OV]/EP8 ,MORE ?AN HALF A C5TURY AGO ROYALTY & DEMOCRACY1 ?OSE TWO SIBYLS :I* ! ANCI5T WORLD HAS BEQUEA!D TO US1 UND]TOOK1 BY A CON/ITUTIONAL COMPROMISE1 TO H>MONIZE !IR ORACLES2 S9CE ! WISDOM ( ! PR9CE HAS PLAC$ ITSELF 9 UNISON ) ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE1 :AT REVELATION HAS RESULT$8 :AT PR9CIPLE ( ORD] HAS BE5 DISCOV]$8 :AT ISSUE FROM ! LABYR9? ( PRIVILEGE PO9T$ \T8 ,BE=E PR9CE & PEOPLE HAD SIGN$ ?IS /RANGE COMPROMISE1 9 :AT W]E !IR IDEAS NOT SIMIL>8 & N[ ?AT EA* IS TRY+ TO BREAK ! CONTRACT1 9 :AT DO !Y DIFF]8 

,DIM9I% PUBLIC BURD5S1 ASSESS TAXES ON A MORE EQUITABLE BASIS8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE3 TO ! TREASURY AS TO ! >MY ! MAN ( ! PEOPLE WILL ALWAYS FURNI% MORE ?AN HIS CONT+5T4 

,REGULATE MONOPOLY1 BRIDLE COMPETITION8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE2 Y\ W\LD KILL PRODUCTION4 

,OP5 NEW M>KETS8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4.<#a.> 

,ORGANIZE CR$IT8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4.<#b.> 

,ATTACK H]$ITY8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4.<#c.> 

,CREATE NATIONAL WORK%OPS1 ASSURE A M9IMUM TO UNEMPLOY$ WORKM51 & ASSIGN TO EMPLOYES A %>E ( ! PR(ITS8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IT IS 9 ! NATURE ( GOV]NM5T TO BE ABLE TO DEAL ) LABOR ONLY TO 5*A9 LABOR]S1 AS IT DEALS ) PRODUCTS ONLY TO LEVY ITS TI!4 

,REPAIR1 BY A SY/EM ( 9DEMNITIES1 ! DISA/R\S EFFECTS ( MA*9]Y8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,COMBAT BY REGULATIONS ! DEGRAD+ 9FLU5CE ( P>CELLAIRE DIVISION8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,CAUSE ! PEOPLE TO 5JOY ! B5EFITS ( $UCATION8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,E/ABLI% A T>IFF ( PRICES & WAGES1 & FIX ! VALUE ( ?+S BY SOV]EIGN AU?ORITY8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE1 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,( ALL ! RE=MS :I* SOCIETY 9 ITS DI/RESS SOLICITS NOT ONE IS )9 ! COMPET5CE ( P[]2 NOT ONE CAN BE REALIZ$  

,NOTE3  

.<#a.> ,SEE VOLUME ,I,I41 *APT] ,I,X4  

,NOTE3  

.<#b.> ,IBID41 *APT] ,X4  

,NOTE3  

.<#c.> ,IBID41 *APT] ,X,I4 

BY IT1 BECAUSE ! ESS5CE ( P[] IS REPUGNANT TO !M ALL1 & IT IS NOT GIV5 TO MAN TO UNITE :AT ,GOD HAS DIVID$4 

,AT LEA/1 ! P>TISANS ( GOV]NM5TAL 9ITIATIVE WILL SAY1 Y\ WILL ADMIT ?AT1 9 ! ACCOMPLI%M5T ( ! REVOLUTION PROMIS$ BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( ANT9OMIES1 P[] W\LD BE A POT5T AUXILI>Y4 ,:Y1 !N1 DO Y\ OPPOSE A RE=M :I*1 PUTT+ P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! PEOPLE1 W\LD SECOND Y\R VIEWS SO WELL8 ,SOCIAL RE=M IS ! OBJECT2 POLITICAL RE=M IS ! 9/RUM5T3 :Y1 IF Y\ WI% ! 5D1 DO Y\ REJECT ! MEANS8 

,SU* IS TODAY ! REASON+ ( ! 5TIRE DEMOCRATIC PRESS1 :I* ,I =GIVE ) ALL MY HE>T = HAV+ AT LA/1 BY ?IS QUASI-SOCIALI/IC CONFESSION ( FAI?1 ITSELF PROCLAIM$ ! EMPT9ESS ( ITS !ORIES4 ,IT IS 9 ! NAME ( SCI5CE1 !N1 ?AT DEMOCRACY CALLS = A POLITICAL RE=M AS A PRELIM9>Y TO SOCIAL RE=M4 ,BUT SCI5CE PROTE/S AGA9/ ?IS SUBT]FUGE AS AN 9SULT2 SCI5CE REPUDIATES ANY ALLIANCE ) POLITICS1 &1 V]Y F> FROM EXPECT+ FROM IT ! SLI<TE/ AID1 MU/ BEG9 ) POLITICS ITS WORK ( EXCLUSION4 

,H[ LITTLE AFF9ITY !RE IS BETWE5 ! HUMAN M9D & TRU?6 ,:5 ,I SEE ! DEMOCRACY1 SOCIALI/IC BUT YE/]DAY1 CONT9UALLY ASK+ = CAPITAL 9 ORD] TO COMBAT CAPITAL'S 9FLU5CE2 = WEAL?1 9 ORD] TO CURE POV]TY2 = ! AB&ONM5T ( LIB]TY1 9 ORD] TO ORGANIZE LIB]TY2 = ! RE=MATION ( GOV]NM5T1 9 ORD] TO RE=M SOCIETY1 -- :5 ,I SEE IT1 ,I SAY1 TAK+ UPON ITSELF ! RESPONSIBILITY ( SOCIETY1 PROVID$ SOCIAL QUE/IONS BE SET ASIDE OR SOLV$1 IT SEEMS TO ME AS IF ,I W]E LI/5+ TO A =TUNETELL] :O1 BE=E ANSW]+ ! QUE/IONS ( ?OSE :O CONSULT H]1 BEG9S BY 9QUIR+ 9TO !IR AGE1 !IR CONDITION1 !IR FAMILY1 & ALL ! ACCID5TS ( !IR LIFE4 ,EH6 MIS]ABLE SORC]ESS1 IF Y\ KN[ ! FUTURE1 Y\ KN[ :O ,I AM & :AT ,I WANT2 :Y DO Y\ ASK ME TO TELL Y\8 

,LIKEWISE ,I WILL ANSW] ! DEMOCRATS3 ,IF Y\ KN[ ! USE ?AT Y\ %\LD MAKE ( P[]1 & IF Y\ KN[ H[ P[] %\LD BE ORGANIZ$1 Y\ POSSESS ECONOMIC SCI5CE4 ,N[1 IF Y\ POSSESS ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 IF Y\ HAVE ! KEY ( ITS CONTRADICTIONS1 IF Y\ >E 9 A POSITION TO ORGANIZE LABOR1 IF Y\ HAVE /UDI$ ! LAWS ( EX*ANGE1 Y\ HAVE NO NE$ ( ! CAPITAL ( ! NATION OR ( PUBLIC =CE4 ,FROM ?IS DAY =? Y\ >E MORE POT5T ?AN MONEY1 /RONG] ?AN P[]4 ,=1 S9CE ! LABOR]S >E ) Y\1 Y\ >E BY ?AT FACT ALONE MA/]S ( PRODUCTION2 Y\ HOLD COMM]CE1 MANUFACTURES1 & AGRICULTURE 5*A9$2 Y\ HAVE ! 5TIRE SOCIAL CAPITAL AT Y\R DISPOSITION2 Y\ HAVE FULL CONTROL ( TAXATION2 Y\ BLOCK ! :EELS ( P[]1 & Y\ TRAMPLE MONOPOLY UND] FOOT4 ,:AT O!R 9ITIATIVE1 :AT GREAT] AU?ORITY1 DO Y\ ASK8 ,:AT PREV5TS Y\ FROM APPLY+ Y\R !ORIES8 

,SURELY NOT POLITICAL ECONOMY1 AL?\< G5]ALLY FOLL[$ & ACCR$IT$3 =1 EV]Y?+ 9 POLITICAL ECONOMY HAV+ A TRUE SIDE & A FALSE SIDE1 Y\R ONLY PROBLEM IS TO COMB9E ! ECONOMIC ELEM5TS 9 SU* A WAY ?AT !IR TOTAL %ALL NO LONG] PRES5T A CONTRADICTION4 

,NOR IS IT ! CIVIL LAW3 = ?AT LAW1 SANCTION+ ECONOMIC R\T9E SOLELY BECAUSE ( ITS ADVANTAGES & 9 SPITE ( ITS DISADVANTAGES1 IS SUSCEPTIBLE1 LIKE POLITICAL ECONOMY ITSELF1 ( BE+ B5T TO ALL ! EXIG5CIES ( AN EXACT SYN!SIS1 & CONSEQU5TLY IS AS FAVORABLE TO Y\ AS POSSIBLE4 

,F9ALLY1 IT IS NOT P[]1 :I*1 ! LA/ EXPRESSION ( ANTAGONISM & CREAT$ ONLY TO DEF5D ! LAW1 C\LD /& 9 Y\R WAY ONLY BY =SWE>+ ITSELF4 

,ONCE MORE1 !N1 :AT /OPS Y\8 

,IF Y\ POSSESS SOCIAL SCI5CE1 Y\ KN[ ?AT ! PROBLEM ( ASSOCIATION CONSI/S 9 ORGANIZ+1 NOT ONLY ! NON-PRODUC]S1 -- 9 ?AT DIRECTION1 ?ANK HEAV56 LITTLE REMA9S TO BE DONE1 -- BUT ALSO ! PRODUC]S1 & BY ?IS ORGANIZATION SUBJECT+ CAPITAL & SUBORD9AT+ P[]4 ,SU* IS ! W> ?AT Y\ HAVE TO SU/A93 A W> ( LABOR AGA9/ CAPITAL2 A W> ( LIB]TY AGA9/ AU?ORITY2 A W> ( ! PRODUC] AGA9/ ! NON-PRODUC]2 A W> ( EQUALITY AGA9/ PRIVILEGE4 ,:AT Y\ ASK1 TO CONDUCT ! W> TO A SUCCESSFUL CONCLUSION1 IS PRECISELY ?AT :I* Y\ MU/ COMBAT4 ,N[1 TO COMBAT & R$UCE P[]1 TO PUT IT 9 ITS PROP] PLACE 9 SOCIETY1 IT IS ( NO USE TO *ANGE ! HOLD]S ( P[] OR 9TRODUCE SOME V>IATION 9TO ITS WORK+S3 AN AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL COMB9ATION MU/ BE F\ND BY MEANS ( :I* P[]1 TODAY ! RUL] ( SOCIETY1 %ALL BECOME ITS SLAVE4 ,HAVE Y\ ! SECRET ( ?AT COMB9ATION8 

,BUT :AT DO ,I SAY8 ,?AT IS PRECISELY ! ?+ TO :I* Y\ DO NOT CONS5T4 ,AS Y\ CANNOT CONCEIVE ( SOCIETY )\T HI]>*Y1 Y\ HAVE MADE Y\RSELVES ! APO/LES ( AU?ORITY2 WOR%IP]S ( P[]1 Y\ ?9K ONLY ( /R5G!N+ IT & MUZZL+ LIB]TY2 Y\R FAVORITE MAXIM IS ?AT ! WELF>E ( ! PEOPLE MU/ BE A*IEV$ 9 SPITE ( ! PEOPLE2 9/EAD ( PROCE$+ TO SOCIAL RE=M BY ! EXT]M9ATION ( P[] & POLITICS1 Y\ 9SI/ ON A RECON/RUCTION ( P[] & POLITICS4 ,!N1 BY A S]IES ( CONTRADICTIONS :I* PROVE Y\R S9C]ITY1 BUT ! ILLUSORY *>ACT] ( :I* IS WELL KN[N TO ! REAL FRI5DS ( P[]1 ! >I/OCRATS & MON>*I/S1 Y\R COMPETITORS1 Y\ PROMISE US1 9 ! NAME ( P[]1 ECONOMY 9 EXP5DITURES1 AN EQUITABLE ASSESSM5T ( TAXES1 PROTECTION TO LABOR1 GRATUIT\S $UCATION1 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 & ALL ! UTOPIAS REPUGNANT TO AU?ORITY & PROP]TY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY P[] 9 Y\R H&S HAS NEV] BE5 ANY?+ BUT RU9\S1 & ?AT IS :Y Y\ HAVE NEV] BE5 ABLE TO RETA9 IT2 ?AT IS :Y1 ON ! ,EI<TE5? ( ,BRUMAIRE1.<#a.> F\R M5 W]E SUFFICI5T TO TAKE IT AWAY FROM Y\1 & :Y TODAY ! B\RGEOISIE1 :I* IS AS FOND ( P[] AS Y\ >E & :I* WANTS A /RONG P[]1 WILL NOT RE/ORE IT TO Y\4 

,?US P[]1 ! 9/RUM5T ( COLLECTIVE MI<T1 CREAT$ 9 SOCIETY TO S]VE AS A M$IATOR BETWE5 LABOR & PRIVILEGE1 F9DS ITSELF 9EVITABLY 5*A9$ TO CAPITAL & DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! PROLET>IAT4 ,NO POLITICAL RE=M CAN SOLVE ?IS CONTRADICTION1 S9CE1 BY ! CONFESSION ( ! POLITICIANS !MSELVES1 SU* A RE=M W\LD 5D ONLY 9 9CREAS+ ! 5]GY & EXT5D+ ! SPH]E ( P[]1 & S9CE P[] W\LD KN[ NO WAY ( T\*+ ! PR]OGATIVES ( MONOPOLY )\T OV]TURN+ ! HI]>*Y & DISSOLV+ SOCIETY4 ,! PROBLEM BE=E ! LABOR+ CLASSES1 !N1 CONSI/S1 NOT 9 CAPTUR+1 BUT 9 SUBDU+ BO? P[] & MONOPOLY1 -- ?AT IS1 9 G5]AT+ FROM ! B[ELS ( ! PEOPLE1 FROM ! DEP?S ( LABOR1 A GREAT] AU?ORITY1 A MORE POT5T FACT1 :I* %ALL 5VELOP CAPITAL & ! ,/ATE & SUBJUGATE !M4 ,EV]Y PROPOSITION ( RE=M :I* DOES NOT SATISFY ?IS CONDITION IS SIMPLY ONE SC\RGE MORE1 A ROD DO+ S5TRY DUTY1 VIRGEM VIGILANTEM1 AS A PROPHET SAID1 :I* ?REAT5S ! PROLET>IAT4 

,! CR[N ( ?IS SY/EM IS RELIGION4 ,!RE IS NO OCCASION = ME TO DEAL H]E ) ! PHILOSOPHIC VALUE ( RELIGI\S OP9IONS1 RELATE !IR HI/ORY1 OR SEEK !IR 9T]PRETATION4 ,I CONF9E MYSELF TO A CONSID]ATION ( ! ECONOMIC ORIG9 ( RELIGION1 ! SECRET BOND :I* CONNECTS IT ) POLICE1 ! PLACE :I* IT OCCUPIES 9 ! S]IES ( SOCIAL MANIFE/ATIONS4 

,MAN1 DESPAIR+ ( F9D+ ! EQUILIBRIUM ( HIS P[]S1 

.<#a.> ,DATE ( ! ,NAPOLEONIC C\P D',ETAT1 ACCORD+ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CAL5D>4 

,LEAPS1 AS IT W]E1 \TSIDE ( HIMSELF & SEEKS 9 9F9ITY ?AT SOV]EIGN H>MONY ! REALIZATION ( :I* IS TO HIM ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( REASON1 P[]1 & HAPP9ESS4 ,UNABLE TO H>MONIZE ) HIMSELF1 HE KNEELS BE=E ,GOD & PRAYS4 ,HE PRAYS1 & HIS PRAY]1 A HYMN SUNG TO ,GOD1 IS A BLASPHEMY AGA9/ SOCIETY4 

,IT IS FROM ,GOD1 MAN SAYS TO HIMSELF1 ?AT AU?ORITY & P[] COME TO ME3 !N1 LET US OBEY ,GOD & ! PR9CE4 ,OB$ITE ,DEO ET PR9CIPIBUS4 ,IT IS FROM ,GOD ?AT LAW & JU/ICE COME TO ME4 ,P] ME REGES REGNANT ET POT5TES DEC]NUNT JU/ITIAM4 ,LET US RESPECT ! COMM&S ( ! LEGISLATOR & ! MAGI/RATE4 ,IT IS ,GOD :O CONTROLS ! PROSP]ITY ( LABOR1 :O MAKES & UNMAKES =TUNES3 MAY HIS WILL BE DONE6 ,DOM9US D$IT1 ,DOM9US AB/ULIT1 SIT NOM5 ,DOM9I B5$ICTUM4 ,IT IS ,GOD :O PUNI%ES ME :5 MIS]Y DEV\RS ME1 & :5 ,I AM P]SECUT$ = RI<TE\SNESS'S SAKE3 LET US RECEIVE ) RESPECT ! SC\RGES :I* HIS M]CY EMPLOYS = \R PURIFICATION4 ,HUMILIAM9I IGITUR SUB POT5TI MANU ,DEI4 ,?IS LIFE1 :I* ,GOD HAS GIV5 ME1 IS BUT AN ORDEAL :I* LEADS ME TO SALVATION3 LET US %UN PLEASURE2 LET US LOVE & 9VITE PA92 LET US F9D \R PLEASURE 9 DO+ P5ANCE4 ,! SADNESS :I* COMES FROM 9JU/ICE IS A FAVOR FROM ON HI<2 BLESS$ >E !Y ?AT M\RN6 ,BEATI QUI LUG5T6 4 4 4 4 ,HAEC E/ 5IM GRATIA1 SI QUIS SU/9ET TRI/ITIAS1 PATI5S 9JU/E4 

,A C5TURY AGO A MISSION>Y1 PREA*+ BE=E AN AUDI5CE MADE UP ( F9ANCI]S & GR&EES1 DID JU/ICE TO ?IS ODI\S MORALITY4 0,:AT HAVE ,I DONE80 HE CRI$1 ) TE>S4 0,I HAVE SADD5$ ! POOR1 ! BE/ FRI5DS ( MY ,GOD6 ,I HAVE PREA*$ ! RIGORS ( P5ANCE TO UN=TUNATES :O WANT = BREAD6 ,IT IS H]E1 :]E MY EYES FALL ONLY ON ! P[]FUL & ON ! RI*1 ON ! OPPRESSORS ( SUFF]+ HUMANITY1 ?AT ,I MU/ LAUN* ! WORD ( ,GOD 9 ALL ! =CE ( ITS ?UND]60 

,LET US ADMIT1 NEV]!LESS1 ?AT ! !ORY ( RESIGNATION HAS S]V$ SOCIETY BY PREV5T+ REVOLT4 ,RELIGION1 CONSECRAT+ BY DIV9E RI<T ! 9VIOLABILITY ( P[] & ( PRIVILEGE1 HAS GIV5 HUMANITY ! /R5G? TO CONT9UE ITS J\RNEY & EXHAU/ ITS CONTRADICTIONS4 ,)\T ?IS B&AGE ?R[N OV] ! EYES ( ! PEOPLE SOCIETY W\LD HAVE BE5 A ?\S& TIMES DISSOLV$4 ,SOME ONE HAD TO SUFF] ?AT IT MI<T BE CUR$2 & RELIGION1 ! COM=T] ( ! AFFLICT$1 DECID$ ?AT IT %\LD BE ! POOR MAN4 ,IT IS ?IS SUFF]+ :I* HAS L$ US TO \R PRES5T POSITION2 CIVILIZATION1 :I* [ES ALL ITS M>VELS TO ! LABOR]1 [ES ALSO TO HIS VOLUNT>Y SACRIFICE ITS FUTURE & ITS EXI/5CE4 ,OBLATUS E/ QUIA IPSE VOLUIT1 ET LIVORE EJUS SANATI SUMUS4 

,O PEOPLE ( LABOR]S6 DIS9H]IT$1 H>ASS$1 PROSCRIB$ PEOPLE6 PEOPLE :OM !Y IMPRISON1 JUDGE1 & KILL6 DESPIS$ PEOPLE1 BR&$ PEOPLE6 ,DO Y\ NOT KN[ ?AT !RE IS AN 5D1 EV5 TO PATI5CE1 EV5 TO DEVOTION8 ,WILL Y\ NOT CEASE TO L5D AN E> TO ?OSE ORATORS ( MY/ICISM :O TELL Y\ TO PRAY & TO WAIT1 PREA*+ SALVATION N[ ?R\< RELIGION1 N[ ?R\< P[]1 & :OSE VEHEM5T & SONOR\S WORDS CAPTIVATE Y\8 ,Y\R DE/9Y IS AN 5IGMA :I* NEI!R PHYSICAL =CE1 NOR C\RAGE ( S\L1 NOR ! ILLUM9ATIONS ( 5?USIASM1 NOR ! EXALTATION ( ANY S5TIM5T1 CAN SOLVE4 ,?OSE :O TELL Y\ TO ! CONTR>Y DECEIVE Y\1 & ALL !IR DISC\RSES S]VE ONLY TO PO/PONE ! H\R ( Y\R DELIV]ANCE1 N[ READY TO /RIKE4 ,:AT >E 5?USIASM & S5TIM5T1 :AT IS VA9 POESY1 :5 CONFRONT$ ) NECESSITY8 ,TO OV]COME NECESSITY !RE IS NO?+ BUT NECESSITY ITSELF1 ! LA/ REASON ( NATURE1 ! PURE ESS5CE ( MATT] & SPIRIT4 

,?US ! CONTRADICTION ( VALUE1 BORN ( ! NECESSITY ( FREE WILL1 MU/ BE OV]COME BY ! PROPORTIONALITY ( VALUE1 ANO!R NECESSITY PRODUC$ BY ! UNION ( LIB]TY & 9TELLIG5CE4 ,BUT1 9 ORD] ?AT ?IS VICTORY ( 9TELLIG5T & FREE LABOR MI<T PRODUCE ALL ITS CONSEQU5CES1 IT WAS NECESS>Y ?AT SOCIETY %\LD PASS ?R\< A LONG SUCCESSION ( TORM5TS4 

,IT WAS A NECESSITY ?AT LABOR1 9 ORD] TO 9CREASE ITS P[]1 %\LD BE DIVID$2 & A NECESSITY1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS DIVISION1 ?AT ! LABOR] %\LD BE DEGRAD$ & IMPOV]I%$4 

,IT WAS A NECESSITY ?AT ?IS ORIG9AL DIVISION %\LD BE RECON/RUCT$ BY SCI5TIFIC 9/RUM5TS & COMB9ATIONS2 & A NECESSITY1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?IS RECON/RUCTION1 ?AT ! SUBORD9AT$ LABOR] %\LD LOSE1 TOGE!R ) HIS LEGITIMATE WAGES1 EV5 ! EX]CISE ( ! 9DU/RY :I* SUPPORT$ HIM4 

,IT WAS A NECESSITY ?AT COMPETITION !N %\LD /EP 9 TO EMANCIPATE LIB]TY ON ! PO9T ( P]I%+2 & A NECESSITY ?AT ?IS DELIV]ANCE %\LD 5D 9 A VA/ ELIM9ATION ( LABOR]S4 

,IT WAS A NECESSITY ?AT ! PRODUC]1 5NOBL$ BY HIS >T1 AS =M]LY ! W>RIOR WAS BY >MS1 %\LD BE> AL(T HIS BANN]1 9 ORD] ?AT ! VALOR ( MAN MI<T BE HONOR$ 9 LABOR AS 9 W>2 & A NECESSITY ?AT ( PRIVILEGE %\LD /RAI<TWAY BE BORN ! PROLET>IAT4 

,IT WAS A NECESSITY ?AT SOCIETY %\LD !N TAKE UND] ITS PROTECTION ! CONQU]$ PLEBEIAN1 A BEGG> )\T A RO(2 & A NECESSITY ?AT ?IS PROTECTION %\LD BE CONV]T$ 9TO A NEW S]IES ( TORTURES4 

,WE %ALL MEET ON \R WAY /ILL O!R NECESSITIES1 ALL ( :I* WILL DISAPPE>1 LIKE ! O!RS1 BE=E GREAT] NECESSITIES1 UNTIL %ALL COME AT LA/ ! G5]AL EQUATION1 ! SUPREME NECESSITY1 ! TRIUMPHANT FACT1 :I* MU/ E/ABLI% ! K+DOM ( LABOR =EV]4 

,BUT ?IS SOLUTION CANNOT RESULT EI!R FROM SURPRISE OR FROM A VA9 COMPROMISE4 ,IT IS AS IMPOSSIBLE TO ASSOCIATE LABOR & CAPITAL AS TO PRODUCE )\T LABOR & )\T CAPITAL2 AS IMPOSSIBLE TO E/ABLI% EQUALITY BY P[] AS TO SUPPRESS P[] & EQUALITY & MAKE A SOCIETY )\T PEOPLE & )\T POLICE4 

,!RE IS A NECESSITY1 ,I REPEAT1 ( A ,M,A,J,O,R ,=,C,E TO 9V]T ! ACTUAL =MULAS ( SOCIETY2 A NECESSITY ?AT ! ,L,A,B,O,R ( ! PEOPLE1 NOT !IR VALOR NOR !IR VOTES1 %\LD1 BY A SCI5TIFIC1 LEGITIMATE1 IMMORTAL1 9SURM\NTABLE COMB9ATION1 SUBJECT CAPITAL TO ! PEOPLE & DELIV] TO !M P[]4 

,FROM 3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,VIRG9IA ,LIBR>Y4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahde 3 ,*APT] #g1 ,SECTION #g4#c -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #c1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #g1 ,SECTION #g4#c -- ,ADD$4 

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