,*APT] #e1 ,SECTION #e4#b 
,SUBV]SIVE ,EFFECTS ( ,COMPETITION1 & ! ,DE/RUCTION ( ,LIB]TY !REBY 

#ahdfahdf 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PI]RE-,JOSEPH ,PR\DHON 

,TEXT 3 

 #b4 -- ,SUBV]SIVE EFFECTS ( COMPETITION1 & ! DE/RUCTION ( LIB]TY !REBY4 

  

,! K+DOM ( HEAV5 SUFF]E? VIOL5CE1 SAYS ! ,GOSPEL1 & ! VIOL5T TAKE IT BY =CE4 ,!SE WORDS >E ! ALLEGORY ( SOCIETY4 ,9 SOCIETY REGULAT$ BY LABOR1 DIGNITY1 WEAL?1 & GLORY >E OBJECTS ( COMPETITION2 !Y >E ! REW>D ( ! /RONG1 & COMPETITION MAY BE DEF9$ AS ! REGIME ( =CE4 ,! OLD ECONOMI/S DID NOT AT FIR/ P]CEIVE ?IS CONTRADICTION3 ! MOD]NS HAVE BE5 =C$ TO RECOGNIZE IT4 

0,TO ELEVATE A ,/ATE FROM ! L[E/ DEGREE ( B>B>ISM TO ! HI<E/ DEGREE ( OPUL5CE10 WROTE ,A4 ,SMI?1 0BUT ?REE ?+S >E NECESS>Y1 -- PEACE1 MOD]ATE TAXES1 & A TOL]ABLE ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE4 ,ALL ! RE/ IS BR\<T AB\T BY ! NATURAL C\RSE ( ?+S40 

,ON :I* ! LA/ TRANSLATOR ( ,SMI?1 ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 LETS FALL ?IS GLOOMY COMM5T3 

,WE HAVE SE5 ! NATURAL C\RSE ( ?+S PRODUCE DISA/R\S EFFECTS1 & CREATE AN>*Y 9 PRODUCTION1 W> = M>KETS1 & PIRACY 9 COMPETITION4 ,! DIVISION ( LABOR & ! P]FECT+ ( MA*9]Y1 :I* %\LD REALIZE = ! GREAT WORK+ FAMILY ( ! HUMAN RACE ! CONQUE/ ( A C]TA9 AM\NT ( LEISURE TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ITS DIGNITY1 HAVE PRODUC$ AT MANY PO9TS NO?+ BUT DEGRADATION & MIS]Y4 4 4 4 4 ,:5 ,A4 ,SMI? WROTE1 LIB]TY HAD NOT YET COME ) ITS EMB>RASSM5TS & ITS ABUSES1 & ! ,GLASG[ PR(ESSOR =ESAW ONLY ITS BLESS+S4 4 4 ,SMI? W\LD HAVE WRITT5 LIKE ,M4 DE ,SISMONDI1 IF HE HAD BE5 A WITNESS ( ! SAD CONDITION ( ,IREL& & ! MANUFACTUR+ DI/RICTS ( ,5GL& 9 ! TIMES 9 :I* WE LIVE4 

,N[ !N1 LITT]ATEURS1 /ATESM51 DAILY PUBLICI/S1 BELIEV]S & HALF-BELIEV]S1 ALL Y\ :O HAVE TAK5 UPON Y\RSELVES ! MISSION ( 9DOCTR9AT+ M51 DO Y\ HE> !SE WORDS :I* ONE W\LD TAKE = A TRANSLATION FROM ,J]EMIAH8 ,WILL Y\ TELL US AT LA/ TO :AT 5D Y\ PRET5D TO BE CONDUCT+ CIVILIZATION8 ,:AT ADVICE DO Y\ (F] TO SOCIETY1 TO ! C\NTRY1 9 AL>M8 

,BUT TO :OM DO ,I SPEAK8 ,M9I/]S1 J\RNALI/S1 SEXTONS1 & P$ANTS6 ,DO SU* PEOPLE TR\BLE !MSELVES AB\T ! PROBLEMS ( SOCIAL ECONOMY8 ,HAVE !Y EV] HE>D ( COMPETITION8 

,A CITIZ5 ( ,LYONS1 A S\L H>D5$ TO M]CANTILE W>1 TRAVEL$ 9 ,TUSCANY4 ,HE OBS]VES ?AT FROM FIVE TO SIX HUNDR$ ?\S& /RAW HATS >E MADE ANNUALLY 9 ?AT C\NTRY1 ! AGGREGATE VALUE ( :I* AM\NTS TO F\R OR FIVE MILLIONS ( FRANCS4 ,?IS 9DU/RY IS ALMO/ ! SOLE SUPPORT ( ! PEOPLE ( ! LITTLE ,/ATE4 0,H[ IS IT10 HE SAYS TO HIMSELF1 0?AT SO EASILY CONDUCT$ A BRAN* ( AGRICULTURE & MANUFACTURES HAS NOT BE5 TRANSPORT$ 9TO ,PROV5CE & ,LANGU$OC1 :]E ! CLIMATE IS ! SAME AS 9 ,TUSCANY80 ,BUT1 !REUPON OBS]VES AN ECONOMI/1 IF ! 9DU/RY ( ! PEASANTS ( ,TUSCANY IS TAK5 FROM !M1 H[ WILL !Y CONTRIVE TO LIVE8 

,! MANUFACTURE ( BLACK SILKS HAD BECOME = ,FLOR5CE A SPECIALTY ! SECRET ( :I* %E GU>D$ PRECI\SLY4 

,A %REWD ,LYONS MANUFACTUR]1 ! T\RI/ NOTICES ) SATISFACTION1 HAS COME TO SET UP AN E/ABLI%M5T 9 ,FLOR5CE1 & HAS F9ALLY GOT POSSESSION ( ! PECULI> PROCESSES ( DYE+ & WEAV+4 ,PROBABLY ?IS DISCOV]Y WILL DIM9I% ,FLOR5T9E EXPORTATION4 -- ,A ,J\RNEY 9 ,ITALY1 BY ,M4 ,F,U,L,*,I,R,O,N4 

,=M]LY ! BRE$+ ( ! SILK-WORM WAS AB&ON$ TO ! PEASANTS ( ,TUSCANY2 :OM IT AID$ TO LIVE4 

,AGRICULTURAL SOCIETIES HAVE BE5 =M$2 !Y HAVE REPRES5T$ ?AT ! SILK-WORM1 9 ! PEASANT'S SLEEP+-ROOM1 DID NOT GET SUFFICI5T V5TILATION OR SUFFICI5T /EAD9ESS ( TEMP]ATURE1 OR AS GOOD C>E AS IT W\LD HAVE IF ! LABOR]S :O BRE$ !M MADE IT !IR SOLE BUS9ESS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY RI*1 9TELLIG5T1 & G5]\S CITIZ5S HAVE BUILT1 AMID ! APPLAUSE ( ! PUBLIC1 :AT >E CALL$ BIGATTI]ES 7FROM BIGATTI1 SILK-WORM74 -- ,M4 ,D,E ,S,I,S,M,O,N,D,I4 

,& !N1 Y\ ASK1 WILL !SE BRE$]S ( SILK-WORMS1 !SE MANUFACTUR]S ( SILKS & HATS1 LOSE !IR WORK8 ,PRECISELY3 IT WILL EV5 BE PROV$ TO !M ?AT IT IS = !IR 9T]E/ ?AT !Y %\LD1 S9CE !Y WILL BE ABLE TO BUY ! SAME PRODUCTS = LESS ?AN IT CO/S !M TO MANUFACTURE !M4 ,SU* IS COMPETITION4 

,COMPETITION1 ) ITS HOMICIDAL 9/9CT1 TAKES AWAY ! BREAD ( A :OLE CLASS ( LABOR]S1 & SEES 9 IT ONLY AN IMPROVEM5T1 A SAV+2 IT /EALS A SECRET 9 A C[>DLY MANN]1 & GLORIES 9 IT AS A DISCOV]Y2 IT *ANGES ! NATURAL ZONES ( PRODUCTION TO ! DETRIM5T ( AN 5TIRE PEOPLE1 & PRET5DS TO HAVE DONE NO?+ BUT UTILIZE ! ADVANTAGES ( ITS CLIMATE4 ,COMPETITION OV]TURNS ALL NOTIONS ( EQUITY & JU/ICE2 IT 9CREASES ! REAL CO/ ( PRODUCTION BY NE$LESSLY MULTIPLY+ ! CAPITAL 9VE/$1 CAUSES BY TURNS ! DE>NESS ( PRODUCTS & !IR DEPRECIATION1 CORRUPTS ! PUBLIC CONSCI5CE BY PUTT+ *ANCE 9 ! PLACE ( RI<T1 & MA9TA9S T]ROR & DI/RU/ EV]Y:]E4 

,BUT :AT6 ,)\T ?IS ATROCI\S *>ACT]I/IC1 COMPETITION W\LD LOSE ITS HAPPIE/ EFFECTS2 )\T ! >BITR>Y ELEM5T 9 EX*ANGE & ! PANICS ( ! M>KET1 LABOR W\LD NOT CONT9UALLY BUILD FACTORY AGA9/ FACTORY1 &1 NOT BE+ MA9TA9$ 9 SU* GOOD WORK+ ORD]1 PRODUCTION W\LD REALIZE NONE ( ITS M>VELS4 ,AFT] HAV+ CAUS$ EVIL TO >ISE FROM ! V]Y UTILITY ( ITS PR9CIPLE1 COMPETITION AGA9 F9DS A WAY TO EXTRACT GOOD FROM EVIL2 DE/RUCTION 5G5D]S UTILITY1 EQUILIBRIUM IS REALIZ$ BY AGITATION1 & IT MAY BE SAID ( COMPETITION1 AS ,SAMSON SAID ( ! LION :I* HE HAD SLA93 ,DE COM$5TE CIBUS EXIIT1 ET DE =TI DULC$O4 ,IS !RE ANY?+1 9 ALL ! SPH]ES ( HUMAN KN[L$GE1 MORE SURPRIS+ ?AN POLITICAL ECONOMY8 

,LET US TAKE C>E1 NEV]!LESS1 NOT TO YIELD TO AN IMPULSE ( IRONY1 :I* W\LD BE ON \R P>T ONLY UNJU/ 9VECTIVE4 ,IT IS *>ACT]I/IC ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE TO F9D ITS C]TA9TY 9 ITS CONTRADICTIONS1 & ! :OLE ]ROR ( ! ECONOMI/S CONSI/S 9 NOT HAV+ UND]/OOD ?IS4 ,NO?+ POOR] ?AN !IR CRITICISM1 NO?+ MORE SADD5+ ?AN !IR M5TAL CONFUSION1 AS SOON AS !Y T\* ?IS QUE/ION ( COMPETITION3 ONE W\LD SAY ?AT !Y W]E WITNESSES =C$ BY TORTURE TO CONFESS :AT !IR CONSCI5CE W\LD LIKE TO CONCEAL4 ,! READ] WILL TAKE IT K9DLY IF ,I PUT BE=E HIS EYES ! >GUM5TS = LAISSEZ-PASS]1 9TRODUC+ HIM1 SO TO SPEAK1 9TO ! PRES5CE ( A SECRET MEET+ ( ECONOMI/S4 

,M4 ,DUNOY] OP5S ! DISCUSSION4 

,( ALL ! ECONOMI/S ,M4 ,DUNOY] HAS MO/ 5]GETICALLY EMBRAC$ ! POSITIVE SIDE ( COMPETITION1 & CONSEQU5TLY1 AS MI<T HAVE BE5 EXPECT$1 MO/ 9EFFECTUALLY GRASP$ ! NEGATIVE SIDE4 ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 ) :OM NO?+ CAN BE DONE :5 :AT HE CALLS PR9CIPLES >E UND] DISCUSSION1 IS V]Y F> FROM BELIEV+ ?AT 9 MATT]S ( POLITICAL ECONOMY YES & NO MAY BE TRUE AT ! SAME MOM5T & TO ! SAME EXT5T2 LET IT BE SAID EV5 TO HIS CR$IT1 SU* A CONCEPTION IS ! MORE REPUGNANT TO HIM BECAUSE ( ! FRANKNESS & HONE/Y ) :I* HE HOLDS HIS DOCTR9ES4 ,:AT W\LD ,I NOT GIVE TO GA9 AN 5TRANCE 9TO ?IS PURE BUT SO OB/9ATE S\L = ?IS TRU? AS C]TA9 TO ME AS ! EXI/5CE ( ! SUN1 -- ?AT ALL ! CATEGORIES ( POLITICAL ECONOMY >E CONTRADICTIONS6 ,9/EAD ( USELESSLY EXHAU/+ HIMSELF 9 RECONCIL+ PRACTICE & !ORY2 9/EAD ( CONT5T+ HIMSELF ) ! RIDICUL\S EXCUSE ?AT EV]Y?+ H]E BEL[ HAS ITS ADVANTAGES & ITS 9CONV5I5CES1 -- ,M4 ,DUNOY] W\LD SEEK ! SYN!TIC IDEA :I* SOLVES ALL ! ANT9OMIES1 &1 9/EAD ( ! P>ADOXICAL CONS]VATIVE :I* HE N[ IS1 HE W\LD BECOME ) US AN 9EXORABLE & LOGICAL REVOLUTIONI/4 

0,IF COMPETITION IS A FALSE PR9CIPLE10 SAYS ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 0IT FOLL[S ?AT = TWO ?\S& YE>S HUMANITY HAS BE5 PURSU+ ! WRONG ROAD40 

,NO1 :AT Y\ SAY DOES NOT FOLL[1 & Y\R PREJUDICIAL REM>K IS REFUT$ BY ! V]Y !ORY ( PROGRESS4 ,HUMANITY POSITS ITS PR9CIPLES BY TURNS1 & SOMETIMES AT LONG 9T]VALS3 NEV] DOES IT GIVE !M UP 9 SUB/ANCE1 AL?\< IT DE/ROYS SUCCESSIVELY !IR EXPRESSIONS & =MULAS4 ,?IS DE/RUCTION IS CALL$ NEGATION2 BECAUSE ! G5]AL REASON1 EV] PROGRESSIVE1 CONT9UALLY D5IES ! COMPLET5ESS & SUFFICI5CY ( ITS PRIOR IDEAS4 ,?US IT IS ?AT1 COMPETITION BE+ ONE ( ! P]IODS 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( VALUE1 ONE ( ! ELEM5TS ( ! SOCIAL SYN!SIS1 IT IS TRUE TO SAY AT ! SAME TIME ?AT IT IS 9DE/RUCTIBLE 9 ITS PR9CIPLE1 & ?AT NEV]!LESS 9 ITS PRES5T =M IT %\LD BE ABOLI%$1 D5I$4 ,IF1 !N1 !RE IS ANY ONE H]E :O IS 9 OPPOSITION TO HI/ORY1 IT IS Y\4 

,I HAVE SEV]AL REM>KS TO MAKE UPON ! ACCUSATIONS ( :I* COMPETITION HAS BE5 ! OBJECT4 ,! FIR/ IS ?AT ?IS REGIME1 GOOD OR BAD1 RU9\S OR FRUITFUL1 DOES NOT REALLY EXI/ AS YET2 ?AT IT IS E/ABLI%$ NO:]E EXCEPT 9 A P>TIAL & MO/ 9COMPLETE MANN]4 

,?IS FIR/ OBS]VATION HAS NO S5SE4 ,COMPETITION KILLS COMPETITION1 AS WE SAID AT ! \TSET2 ?IS APHORISM MAY BE TAK5 = A DEF9ITION4 ,H[1 !N1 C\LD COMPETITION EV] BE COMPLETE8 ,MOREOV]1 ?\< IT %\LD BE ADMITT$ ?AT COMPETITION DOES NOT YET EXI/ 9 ITS 9TEGRITY1 ?AT W\LD SIMPLY PROVE ?AT COMPETITION DOES NOT ACT ) ALL ! P[] ( ELIM9ATION ?AT !RE IS 9 IT2 BUT ?AT WILL NOT *ANGE AT ALL ITS CONTRADICTORY NATURE4 ,:AT NE$ HAVE WE TO WAIT ?IRTY C5TURIES LONG] TO F9D \T ?AT1 ! MORE COMPETITION DEVELOPS1 ! MORE IT T5DS TO R$UCE ! NUMB] ( COMPETITORS8 

,! SECOND IS ?AT ! PICTURE DRAWN ( IT IS UNFAI?FUL2 & ?AT SUFFICI5T HE$ IS NOT PAID TO ! EXT5SION :I* ! G5]AL WELF>E HAS UND]GONE1 9CLUD+ EV5 ?AT ( ! LABOR+ CLASSES4 

,IF SOME SOCIALI/S FAIL TO RECOGNIZE ! USEFUL SIDE ( COMPETITION1 Y\ ON Y\R SIDE MAKE NO M5TION ( ITS P]NICI\S EFFECTS4 ,! TE/IMONY ( Y\R OPPON5TS COM+ TO COMPLETE Y\R [N1 COMPETITION IS %[N 9 ! FULLE/ LI<T1 & FROM A D\BLE FALSEHOOD WE GET ! TRU? AS A RESULT4 ,AS = ! GRAVITY ( ! EVIL1 WE %ALL SEE DIRECTLY :AT TO ?9K AB\T ?AT4 

,! ?IRD IS ?AT ! EVIL EXP]I5C$ BY ! LABOR+ CLASSES IS NOT REF]R$ TO ITS REAL CAUSES4 

,IF !RE >E O!R CAUSES ( POV]TY ?AN COMPETITION1 DOES ?AT PREV5T IT FROM CONTRIBUT+ ITS %>E8 ,?\< ONLY ONE MANUFACTUR] A YE> W]E RU9$ BY COMPETITION1 IF IT W]E ADMITT$ ?AT ?IS RU9 IS ! NECESS>Y EFFECT ( ! PR9CIPLE1 COMPETITION1 AS A PR9CIPLE1 W\LD HAVE TO BE REJECT$4 

,! F\R? IS ?AT ! PR9CIPAL MEANS PROPOS$ = OBVIAT+ IT W\LD BE 9EXP$I5T 9 ! EXTREME4 

,POSSIBLY3 BUT FROM ?IS ,I CONCLUDE ?AT ! 9ADEQUACY ( ! REM$IES PROPOS$ IMPOSES A NEW DUTY UPON Y\1 -- PRECISELY ?AT ( SEEK+ ! MO/ EXP$I5T MEANS ( PREV5T+ ! EVIL ( COMPETITION4 

,! FIF?1 F9ALLY1 IS ?AT ! REAL REM$IES1 9 SO F> AS IT IS POSSIBLE TO REM$Y ! EVIL BY LEGISLATION1 W\LD BE F\ND PRECISELY 9 ! REGIME :I* IS ACCUS$ ( HAV+ PRODUC$ IT1 -- ?AT IS1 9 A MORE & MORE REAL REGIME ( LIB]TY & COMPETITION4 

,WELL6 ,I AM WILL+4 ,! REM$Y = COMPETITION1 9 Y\R OP9ION1 IS TO MAKE COMPETITION UNIV]SAL4 ,BUT1 9 ORD] ?AT COMPETITION MAY BE UNIV]SAL1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO PROCURE = ALL ! MEANS ( COMPET+2 IT IS NECESS>Y TO DE/ROY OR MODIFY ! PR$OM9ANCE ( CAPITAL OV] LABOR1 TO *ANGE ! RELATIONS BETWE5 EMPLOY] & WORKMAN1 TO SOLVE1 9 A WORD1 ! ANT9OMY ( DIVISION & ?AT ( MA*9]Y2 IT IS NECESS>Y TO ,O,R,G,A,N,I,Z,E ,L,A,B,O,R3 CAN Y\ GIVE ?IS SOLUTION8 

,M4 ,DUNOY] !N DEVELOPS1 ) A C\RAGE WOR?Y ( A BETT] CAUSE1 HIS [N UTOPIA ( UNIV]SAL COMPETITION3 IT IS A LABYR9? 9 :I* ! AU?OR /UMBLES & CONTRADICTS HIMSELF AT EV]Y /EP4 

0,COMPETITION10 SAYS ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 0MEETS A MULTITUDE ( OB/ACLES40 

,9 FACT1 IT MEETS SO MANY & SU* P[]FUL ONES ?AT IT BECOMES IMPOSSIBLE ITSELF4 ,= H[ IS TRIUMPH POSSIBLE OV] OB/ACLES 9H]5T 9 ! CON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY & CONSEQU5TLY 9SEP>ABLE FROM COMPETITION ITSELF8 

,9 ADDITION TO ! PUBLIC S]VICES1 !RE IS A C]TA9 NUMB] ( PR(ESSIONS ! PRACTICE ( :I* ! GOV]NM5T HAS SE5 FIT TO MORE OR LESS EXCLUSIVELY RES]VE2 !RE IS A L>G] NUMB] ( :I* LEGISLATION HAS GIV5 A MONOPOLY TO A RE/RICT$ NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS4 ,?OSE :I* >E AB&ON$ TO COMPETITION >E SUBJECT$ TO =MALITIES & RE/RICTIONS1 TO NUMB]LESS B>RI]S1 :I* KEEP MANY FROM APPROA*+1 & 9 !SE CONSEQU5TLY COMPETITION IS F> FROM BE+ UNLIMIT$4 ,9 %ORT1 !RE >E FEW :I* >E NOT SUBMITT$ TO V>I$ TAXES1 NECESS>Y D\BTLESS1 ETC4 

,:AT DOES ALL ?IS MEAN8 ,M4 ,DUNOY] D\BTLESS DOES NOT 9T5D ?AT SOCIETY %ALL DISP5SE ) GOV]NM5T1 ADM9I/RATION1 POLICE1 TAXES1 UNIV]SITIES1 9 A WORD1 ) EV]Y?+ ?AT CON/ITUTES A SOCIETY4 ,!N1 9ASMU* AS SOCIETY NECESS>ILY IMPLIES EXCEPTIONS TO COMPETITION1 ! HYPO!SIS ( UNIV]SAL COMPETITION IS *IM]ICAL1 & WE >E BACK AGA9 UND] ! REGIME ( CAPRICE1 -- A RESULT =ETOLD 9 ! DEF9ITION ( COMPETITION4 ,IS !RE ANY?+ S]I\S 9 ?IS REASON+ ( ,M4 ,DUNOY]8 

,=M]LY ! MA/]S ( ! SCI5CE BEGAN BY PUTT+ F> AWAY FROM !M EV]Y PRECONCEIV$ IDEA1 & DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO TRAC+ FACTS BACK TO G5]AL LAWS1 )\T EV] ALT]+ OR CONCEAL+ !M4 ,! RESE>*ES ( ,ADAM ,SMI?1 CONSID]+ ! TIME ( !IR APPE>ANCE1 >E A M>VEL ( SAGACITY & L(TY REASON+4 ,! ECONOMIC PICTURE PRES5T$ BY ,QUESNAY1 :OLLY UN9TELLIGIBLE AS IT APPE>S1 GIVES EVID5CE ( A PR(\ND S5TIM5T ( ! G5]AL SYN!SIS4 ,! 9TRODUCTION TO ,J4 ,B4 ,SAY'S GREAT TREATISE DWELLS EXCLUSIVELY UPON ! SCI5TIFIC *>ACT]I/ICS ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 & 9 EV]Y L9E IS TO BE SE5 H[ MU* ! AU?OR FELT ! NE$ ( ABSOLUTE IDEAS4 ,! ECONOMI/S ( ! LA/ C5TURY C]TA9LY DID NOT CON/ITUTE ! SCI5CE1 BUT !Y S\<T ?IS CON/ITUTION >D5TLY & HONE/LY4 

,H[ F> WE >E TODAY FROM !SE NOBLE ?\<TS6 ,NO LONG] DO !Y SEEK A SCI5CE2 !Y DEF5D ! 9T]E/S ( DYNA/Y & CA/E4 ,! MORE P[]LESS R\T9E BECOMES1 ! MORE /UBBORNLY !Y ADH]E TO IT2 !Y MAKE USE ( ! MO/ V5]AT$ NAMES TO /AMP ABNORMAL PH5OM5A ) A QUALITY ( AU!NTICITY :I* !Y LACK2 !Y TAX ACCUS+ FACTS ) H]ESY2 !Y CALUMNIATE ! T5D5CIES ( ! C5TURY2 & NO?+ IRRITATES AN ECONOMI/ SO MU* AS TO PRET5D TO REASON ) HIM4 

0,! PECULI> *>ACT]I/IC ( ! PRES5T TIME10 CRIES ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 9 A TONE ( KE5 DISCONT5T1 0IS ! AGITATION ( ALL CLASSES2 !IR ANXIETY1 !IR 9ABILITY TO EV] /OP AT ANY?+ & BE CONT5T$2 ! 9F]NAL LABOR P]=M$ UPON ! LESS =TUNATE ?AT !Y MAY BECOME MORE & MORE DISCONT5T$ 9 PROPORTION TO ! 9CREAS$ EF=TS ( SOCIETY TO MAKE !IR LOT REALLY LESS PITIFUL40 

,9DE$6 ,BECAUSE ! SOCIALI/S GOAD POLITICAL ECONOMY1 !Y >E 9C>NATE DEVILS6 ,CAN !RE BE ANY?+ MORE IMPI\S1 9 FACT1 ?AN TO TEA* ! PROLETAIRE ?AT HE IS WRONG$ 9 HIS LABOR & HIS WAGES1 & ?AT1 9 ! SURR\ND+S 9 :I* HE LIVES1 HIS POV]TY IS IRREM$IABLE8 

,M4 ,REYBAUD REPEATS1 ) GREAT] EMPHASIS1 ! WAIL ( HIS MA/]1 ,M4 ,DUNOY]3 ONE W\LD ?9K !M ! TWO S]APHIM ( ,ISAIAH *ANT+ A ,SANCTUS TO COMPETITION4 ,9 ,JUNE1 #a#h#d#d1 AT ! TIME :5 HE PUBLI%$ ! F\R? $ITION ( HIS 0,CONTEMPOR>Y ,RE=M]S10 ,M4 ,REYBAUD WROTE1 9 ! BITT]NESS ( HIS S\L3 

,TO SOCIALI/S WE [E ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 ! RI<T TO LABOR2 !Y >E ! PROMOT]S ( ! REGIME ( SURVEILLANCE4 4 4 4 ,! LEGISLATIVE *AMB]S ON EI!R SIDE ( ! *ANNEL >E GRADUALLY SUCCUMB+ TO !IR 9FLU5CE4 4 4 4 ,?US UTOPIA IS GA9+ GR\ND4 4 4 4 

,& ,M4 ,REYBAUD MORE & MORE DEPLORES ! SECRET 9FLU5CE ( SOCIALISM ON ! BE/ M9DS1 & /IGMATIZES -- SEE ! MALICE6 -- ! UNP]CEIV$ CONTAGION ) :I* EV5 ?OSE :O HAVE BROK5 LANCES AGA9/ SOCIALISM ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE 9OCULAT$4 ,!N HE ANN\NCES1 AS A LA/ ACT ( HIS HI< JU/ICE AGA9/ ! WICK$1 ! APPROA*+ PUBLICATION1 UND] ! TITLE ( 0,LAWS ( ,LABOR10 ( A WORK 9 :I* HE WILL PROVE 7UNLESS SOME NEW EVOLUTION TAKES PLACE 9 HIS IDEAS7 ?AT ! LAWS ( LABOR HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON1 EI!R ) ! RI<T TO LABOR OR ) ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 & ?AT ! BE/ ( RE=MS IS LAISSEZ-FAIRE4 

0,MOREOV]10 ADDS ,M4 ,REYBAUD1 0! T5D5CY ( POLITICAL ECONOMY IS NO LONG] TO !ORY1 BUT TO PRACTICE4 ,! AB/RACT PORTIONS ( ! SCI5CE SEEM H5CE=? FIX$4 ,! CONTROV]SY OV] DEF9ITIONS IS EXHAU/$1 OR NE>LY SO4 ,! WORKS ( ! GREAT ECONOMI/S ON VALUE1 CAPITAL1 SUPPLY & DEM&1 WAGES1 TAXES1 MA*9]Y1 F>M-R5T1 9CREASE ( POPULATION1 OV]-ACCUMULATION ( PRODUCTS1 M>KETS1 BANKS1 MONOPOLIES1 ETC41 SEEM TO HAVE SET ! LIMIT ( DOGMATIC RESE>*ES1 & =M A BODY ( DOCTR9E BEYOND :I* !RE IS LITTLE TO HOPE40 

,FACILITY ( SPEE*1 IMPOT5CE 9 >GUM5T1 -- SU* W\LD HAVE BE5 ! CONCLUSION ( ,MONTESQUIEU UPON ?IS /RANGE PANEGYRIC ( ! F\ND]S ( SOCIAL ECONOMY4 ,! ,S,C,I,5,C,E ,I,S ,C,O,M,P,L,E,T,E6 ,M4 ,REYBAUD MAKES OA? TO IT2 & :AT HE PROCLAIMS ) SO MU* AU?ORITY IS REPEAT$ AT ! ,ACADEMY1 9 ! PR(ESSORS' *AIRS1 9 ! C\NCILS ( ,/ATE1 9 ! LEGISLATIVE HALLS2 IT IS PUBLI%$ 9 ! J\RNALS2 ! K+ IS MADE TO SAY IT 9 HIS ,NEW ,YE>'S ADDRESSES2 & BE=E ! C\RTS ! CASES ( CLAIMANTS >E DECID$ ACCORD+LY4 

,! ,S,C,I,5,C,E ,I,S ,C,O,M,P,L,E,T,E6 ,:AT FOOLS WE >E1 !N1 SOCIALI/S1 TO HUNT = DAYLI<T AT NOONDAY1 & TO PROTE/1 ) \R LANT]NS 9 \R H&S1 AGA9/ ! BRILLIANCY ( !SE SOL> RAYS6 

,BUT1 G5TLEM51 IT IS ) S9C]E REGRET & PR(\ND DI/RU/ ( MYSELF ?AT ,I F9D MYSELF =C$ TO ASK Y\ = FUR!R LI<T4 ,IF Y\ CANNOT CURE \R ILLS1 GIVE US AT LEA/ K9D WORDS1 GIVE US EVID5CE1 GIVE US RESIGNATION4 

0,IT IS OBVI\S10 SAYS ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 0?AT WEAL? IS 9F9ITELY BETT] DI/RIBUT$ 9 \R DAY ?AN IT EV] HAS BE540 

0,! EQUILIBRIUM ( PA9S & PLEASURES10 PROMPTLY CONT9UES ,M4 ,REYBAUD1 0EV] T5DS TO RE/ORE ITSELF ON E>?40 

,:AT1 !N6 ,:AT DO Y\ SAY8 ,WEAL? BETT] DI/RIBUT$1 EQUILIBRIUM RE/OR$6 ,EXPLA9 Y\RSELVES1 PLEASE1 AS TO ?IS BETT] DI/RIBUTION4 ,IS EQUALITY COM+1 OR 9EQUALITY GO+8 ,IS SOLID>ITY BECOM+ CLOS]1 OR COMPETITION DIM9I%+8 ,I WILL NOT QUIT Y\ UNTIL Y\ HAVE ANSW]$ ME1 NON MISSURA CUTEM4 4 4 4 ,=1 :ATEV] ! CAUSE ( ! RE/ORATION ( EQUILIBRIUM & ( ! BETT] DI/RIBUTION :I* Y\ PO9T \T1 ,I EMBRACE IT ) >DOR1 & WILL FOLL[ IT TO ITS LA/ CONSEQU5CES4 ,BE=E #ahc -- ,I SELECT ! DATE AT R&OM -- WEAL? WAS NOT SO WELL DI/RIBUT$3 H[ SO8 ,TODAY1 9 Y\R OP9ION1 IT IS BETT] DI/RIBUT$3 :Y8 ,Y\ SEE :AT ,I AM COM+ AT3 DI/RIBUTION BE+ NOT YET P]FECTLY EQUITABLE & ! EQUILIBRIUM NOT ABSOLUTELY P]FECT1 ,I ASK1 ON ! ONE H&1 :AT OB/ACLE IT IS ?AT DI/URBS ! EQUILIBRIUM1 &1 ON ! O!R1 BY VIRTUE ( :AT PR9CIPLE HUMANITY CONT9UALLY PASSES FROM ! GREAT] TO ! LESS EVIL & FROM ! GOOD TO ! BETT]8 ,=1 9 FACT1 ?IS SECRET PR9CIPLE ( AMELIORATION CAN BE NEI!R COMPETITION1 NOR MA*9]Y1 NOR DIVISION ( LABOR1 NOR SUPPLY & DEM&3 ALL !SE PR9CIPLES >E BUT LEV]S :I* BY TURNS CAUSE VALUE TO OSCILLATE1 AS ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL ,SCI5CES HAS V]Y CLE>LY SE54 ,:AT1 !N1 IS ! SOV]EIGN LAW ( WELL-BE+8 ,:AT IS ?IS RULE1 ?IS MEASURE1 ?IS CRIT]ION ( PROGRESS1 ! VIOLATION ( :I* IS ! P]PETUAL CAUSE ( POV]TY8 ,SPEAK1 & QUIT Y\R H>ANGU+4 

,WEAL? IS BETT] DI/RIBUT$1 Y\ SAY4 ,%[ US Y\R PRO(S4 ,M4 ,DUNOY]3 

,ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL DOCUM5TS1 TAXES >E ASSESS$ ON SC>CELY LESS ?AN ELEV5 MILLION SEP>ATE P>CELS ( L&$ PROP]TY4 ,! NUMB] ( PROPRIETORS BY :OM !SE TAXES >E PAID IS E/IMAT$ AT SIX MILLIONS2 SO ?AT1 ASSUM+ F\R 9DIVIDUALS TO A FAMILY1 !RE MU/ BE NO LESS ?AN TW5TY-F\R MILLION 9HABITANTS \T ( ?IRTY-F\R :O P>TICIPATE 9 ! [N]%IP ( ! SOIL4 

,!N1 ACCORD+ TO ! MO/ FAVORABLE FIGURES1 !RE MU/ BE T5 MILLION PROLETAIRES 9 ,FRANCE1 OR NE>LY ONE-?IRD ( ! POPULATION4 ,N[1 :AT HAVE Y\ TO SAY TO ?AT8 ,ADD TO !SE T5 MILLIONS HALF ( ! TW5TY-F\R O!RS1 :OSE PROP]TY1 BURD5$ ) MORTGAGES1 P>CEL$ \T1 IMPOV]I%$1 WRET*$1 GIVES !M NO SUPPORT1 & /ILL Y\ WILL NOT HAVE ! NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS :OSE LIV+ IS PREC>I\S4 

,! NUMB] ( TW5TY-F\R MILLION PROPRIETORS P]CEPTIBLY T5DS TO 9CREASE4 

,I MA9TA9 ?AT IT P]CEPTIBLY T5DS TO DECREASE4 ,:O IS ! REAL PROPRIETOR1 9 Y\R OP9ION1 -- ! NOM9AL HOLD]1 ASSESS$1 TAX$1 PAWN$1 MORTGAG$1 OR ! CR$ITOR :O COLLECTS ! R5T8 ,JEWI% & ,SWISS MONEY-L5D]S >E TODAY ! REAL PROPRIETORS ( ,ALSACE2 & PRO( ( !IR EXCELL5T JUDGM5T IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT !Y HAVE NO ?\<T ( ACQUIR+ L&$ E/ATES3 !Y PREF] TO 9VE/ !IR CAPITAL4 

,TO ! L&$ PROPRIETORS MU/ BE ADD$ AB\T FIFTE5 HUNDR$ ?\S& HOLD]S ( PAT5TS & LIC5SES1 OR1 ASSUM+ F\R P]SONS TO A FAMILY1 SIX MILLION 9DIVIDUALS 9T]E/$ AS LEAD]S 9 9DU/RIAL 5T]PRISES4 

,BUT1 9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 A GREAT NUMB] ( !SE LIC5S$ 9DIVIDUALS >E L&$ PROPRIETORS1 & Y\ C\NT !M TWICE4 ,FUR!R1 IT MAY BE SAFELY SAID ?AT1 ( ! :OLE NUMB] ( LIC5S$ MANUFACTUR]S & M]*ANTS1 A F\R? AT MO/ REALIZE PR(ITS1 ANO!R F\R? HOLD !IR [N1 & ! RE/ >E CON/ANTLY RUNN+ BEH9D 9 !IR BUS9ESS4 ,TAKE1 !N1 HALF AT MO/ ( ! SIX MILLION SO-CALL$ LEAD]S 9 5T]PRISES1 :I* WE WILL ADD TO ! V]Y PROBLEMATICAL TWELVE MILLION L&$ PROPRIETORS1 & WE %ALL ATTA9 A TOTAL ( FIFTE5 MILLION ,FR5*M5 9 A POSITION1 BY !IR $UCATION1 !IR 9DU/RY1 !IR CAPITAL1 !IR CR$IT1 !IR PROP]TY1 TO 5GAGE 9 COMPETITION4 ,= ! RE/ ( ! NATION1 OR N9ETE5 MILLION S\LS1 COMPETITION1 LIKE ,H5RI ,I,V4'S PULLET 9 ! POT1 IS A DI% :I* !Y PRODUCE = ! CLASS :I* CAN PAY = IT1 BUT :I* !Y NEV] T\*4 

,ANO!R DIFFICULTY4 ,!SE N9ETE5 MILLION M51 )9 :OSE REA* COMPETITION NEV] COMES1 >E HIREL+S ( ! COMPETITORS4 ,9 ! SAME WAY =M]LY ! S]FS F\<T = ! LORDS1 BUT )\T BE+ ABLE !MSELVES TO C>RY A BANN] OR PUT AN >MY ON FOOT4 ,N[1 IF COMPETITION CANNOT BY ITSELF BECOME ! COMMON CONDITION1 :Y %\LD NOT ?OSE = :OM IT (F]S NO?+ BUT P]ILS1 EXACT GU>ANTEES FROM ! B>ONS :OM !Y S]VE8 ,& IF !SE GU>ANTEES CAN NOT BE D5I$ !M1 H[ C\LD !Y BE O!R ?AN B>RI]S TO COMPETITION1 JU/ AS ! TRUCE ( ,GOD1 9V5T$ BY ! BI%OPS1 WAS A B>RI] TO FEUDAL W>S8 ,BY ! CON/ITUTION ( SOCIETY1 ,I SAID A LITTLE :ILE AGO1 COMPETITION IS AN EXCEPTIONAL MATT]1 A PRIVILEGE2 N[ ,I ASK H[ IT IS POSSIBLE = ?IS PRIVILEGE TO COEXI/ ) EQUALITY ( RI<TS8 

,& ?9K Y\1 :5 ,I DEM& = CONSUM]S & WAGE-RECEIV]S GU>ANTEES AGA9/ COMPETITION1 ?AT IT IS A SOCIALI/'S DREAM8 ,LI/5 TO TWO ( Y\R MO/ ILLU/RI\S CONFR]ES1 :OM Y\ WILL NOT ACCUSE ( P]=M+ AN 9F]NAL WORK4 

,M4 ,ROSSI 7,VOLUME ,I41 ,LECTURE #a#f7 RECOGNIZES 9 ! ,/ATE ! RI<T TO REGULATE LABOR1 :5 ! DANG] IS TOO GREAT & ! GU>ANTEES 9SUFFICI5T1 :I* MEANS ALWAYS4 ,= ! LEGISLATOR MU/ SECURE PUBLIC ORD] BY PR9CIPLES & LAWS3 HE DOES NOT WAIT = UN=ESE5 FACTS TO >ISE 9 ORD] ?AT HE MAY DRIVE !M BACK ) AN >BITR>Y H&4 ,ELSE:]E 7,VOLUME ,I,I41 PP4 #g#c-#g#g7 ! SAME PR(ESSOR PO9TS \T1 AS CONSEQU5CES ( EXAGG]AT$ COMPETITION1 ! 9CESSANT =MATION ( A F9ANCIAL & L&$ >I/OCRACY & ! APPROA*+ D[NFALL ( SMALL HOLD]S1 & HE RAISES ! CRY ( AL>M4 ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 ON HIS SIDE1 DECL>ES ?AT ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR IS RECOGNIZ$ BY ECONOMIC SCI5CE AS 9 ! ORD] ( ! DAY 7HE HAS S9CE RETRACT$ ! /ATEM5T71 URGES ! P>TICIPATION ( WORK]S 9 ! PR(ITS & ! ADV5T ( ! COLLECTIVE LABOR]1 & ?UND]S CONT9UALLY AGA9/ ! MONOPOLIES1 PROHIBITIONS1 & TYRANNY ( CAPITAL4 ,QUI HABET AURES AUDI5DI AUDIAT6 ,M4 ,ROSSI1 AS A WRIT] ON CRIM9AL LAW1 DECREES AGA9/ ! ROBB]IES ( COMPETITION2 ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 AS EXAM9+ MAGI/RATE1 PROCLAIMS ! GUILTY P>TIES3 IT IS ! C\NT]P>T ( ! DUET SUNG JU/ N[ BY ,M,M4 ,REYBAUD & ,DUNOY]4 ,:5 ! LATT] CRY ,HOSANNA1 ! =M] RESPOND1 LIKE ! ,FA!RS 9 ! ,C\NCILS1 ,ANA!MA4 

,BUT1 IT WILL BE SAID1 ,M,M4 ,BLANQUI & ,ROSSI MEAN TO /RIKE ONLY ! ABUSES ( COMPETITION2 !Y HAVE TAK5 C>E NOT TO PROSCRIBE ! PR9CIPLE1 & 9 ?AT !Y >E ?OR\<LY 9 ACCORD ) ,M,M4 ,REYBAUD & ,DUNOY]4 

,I PROTE/ AGA9/ ?IS DI/9CTION1 9 ! 9T]E/ ( ! FAME ( ! TWO PR(ESSORS4 

,9 FACT1 ABUSE HAS 9VAD$ EV]Y?+1 & ! EXCEPTION HAS BECOME ! RULE4 ,:5 ,M4 ,TROPLONG1 DEF5D+1 ) ALL ! ECONOMI/S1 ! LIB]TY ( COMM]CE1 ADMITT$ ?AT ! COALITION ( ! CAB COMPANIES WAS ONE ( ?OSE FACTS AGA9/ :I* ! LEGISLATOR F9DS HIMSELF ABSOLUTELY P[]LESS1 & :I* SEEM TO CONTRADICT ! SANE/ NOTIONS ( SOCIAL ECONOMY1 HE /ILL HAD ! CONSOLATION ( SAY+ TO HIMSELF ?AT SU* A FACT WAS :OLLY EXCEPTIONAL1 & ?AT !RE WAS REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT IT W\LD NOT BECOME G5]AL4 ,N[1 ?IS FACT HAS BECOME G5]AL3 ! MO/ CONS]VATIVE JURISCONSULT HAS ONLY TO PUT HIS HEAD \T ( HIS W9D[ TO SEE ?AT TODAY ABSOLUTELY EV]Y?+ HAS BE5 MONOPOLIZ$ ?R\< COMPETITION1 -- TRANSPORTATION 7BY L&1 RAIL1 & WAT]71 :EAT & FL\R1 W9E & BR&Y1 WOOD1 COAL1 OIL1 IRON1 FABRICS1 SALT1 *EMICAL PRODUCTS1 ETC4 ,IT IS SAD = JURISPRUD5CE1 ?AT TW9 SI/] ( POLITICAL ECONOMY1 TO SEE ITS GRAVE ANTICIPATIONS CONTRADICT$ 9 LESS ?AN A LU/]1 BUT IT IS SADD] /ILL = A GREAT NATION TO BE L$ BY SU* POOR G5IUSES & TO GLEAN ! FEW IDEAS :I* SU/A9 ITS LIFE FROM ! BRU%WOOD ( !IR WRIT+S4 

,9 !ORY WE HAVE DEMON/RAT$ ?AT COMPETITION1 ON ITS USEFUL SIDE1 %\LD BE UNIV]SAL & C>RI$ TO ITS MAXIMUM ( 9T5SITY2 BUT ?AT1 VIEW$ ON ITS NEGATIVE SIDE1 IT MU/ BE EV]Y:]E /IFL$1 EV5 TO ! LA/ VE/IGE4 ,>E ! ECONOMI/S 9 A POSITION TO EFFECT ?IS ELIM9ATION8 ,HAVE !Y =ESE5 ! CONSEQU5CES1 CALCULAT$ ! DIFFICULTIES8 ,IF ! ANSW] %\LD BE AFFIRMATIVE1 ,I %\LD HAVE ! BOLDNESS TO PROPOSE ! FOLL[+ CASE TO !M = SOLUTION4 

,A TREATY ( COALITION1 OR RA!R ( ASSOCIATION1 -- = ! C\RTS W\LD BE GREATLY EMB>RASS$ TO DEF9E EI!R T]M1 -- HAS JU/ UNIT$ 9 ONE COMPANY ALL ! COAL M9ES 9 ! BAS9 ( ! ,LOIRE4 ,ON COMPLA9T ( ! MUNICIPALITIES ( ,LYONS & ,SA9T ,ETI5NE1 ! M9I/RY HAS APPO9T$ A COMMISSION *>G$ ) EXAM9+ ! *>ACT] & T5D5CIES ( ?IS FRI<TFUL SOCIETY4 ,WELL1 ,I ASK1 :AT CAN ! 9T]V5TION ( P[]1 ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( CIVIL LAW & POLITICAL ECONOMY1 ACCOMPLI% H]E8 

,!Y CRY \T AGA9/ COALITION4 ,BUT CAN ! PROPRIETORS ( M9ES BE PREV5T$ FROM ASSOCIAT+1 FROM R$UC+ !IR G5]AL EXP5SES & CO/S ( EXPLOITATION1 & FROM WORK+ !IR M9ES TO BETT] ADVANTAGE BY A MORE P]FECT UND]/&+ ) EA* O!R8 ,%ALL !Y BE ORD]$ TO BEG9 !IR OLD W> OV] AGA91 & RU9 !MSELVES BY 9CREAS$ EXP5SES1 WA/E1 OV]-PRODUCTION1 DISORD]1 & DECREAS$ PRICES8 ,ALL ?AT IS ABSURD4 

,%ALL !Y BE PREV5T$ FROM 9CREAS+ !IR PRICES SO AS TO RECOV] ! 9T]E/ ON !IR CAPITAL8 ,!N LET !M BE PROTECT$ !MSELVES AGA9/ ANY DEM&S = 9CREAS$ WAGES ON ! P>T ( ! WORKM52 LET ! LAW CONC]N+ JO9T-/OCK COMPANIES BE RE5ACT$2 LET ! SALE ( %>ES BE PROHIBIT$2 & :5 ALL !SE MEASURES %ALL HAVE BE5 TAK51 AS ! CAPITALI/-PROPRIETORS ( ! BAS9 CANNOT JU/LY BE =C$ TO LOSE CAPITAL 9VE/$ UND] A DIFF]5T CONDITION ( ?+S1 LET !M BE 9DEMNIFI$4 

,%ALL A T>IFF BE IMPOS$ UPON !M8 ,?AT W\LD BE A LAW ( MAXIMUM4 ,! ,/ATE W\LD !N HAVE TO PUT ITSELF 9 ! PLACE ( ! EXPLOIT]S2 KEEP ! ACC\NTS ( !IR CAPITAL1 9T]E/1 & (FICE EXP5SES2 REGULATE ! WAGES ( ! M9]S1 ! SAL>IES ( ! 5G9E]S & DIRECTORS1 ! PRICE ( ! WOOD EMPLOY$ 9 ! EXTRACTION ( ! COAL1 ! EXP5DITURE = MAT]IAL2 &1 F9ALLY1 DET]M9E ! NORMAL & LEGITIMATE RATE ( PR(IT4 ,ALL ?IS CANNOT BE DONE BY M9I/]IAL DECREE3 A LAW IS NECESS>Y4 ,WILL ! LEGISLATOR D>E1 = ! SAKE ( A SPECIAL 9DU/RY1 TO *ANGE ! PUBLIC LAW ( ! ,FR5*1 & PUT P[] 9 ! PLACE ( PROP]TY8 ,!N ( TWO ?+S ONE3 EI!R COMM]CE 9 COALS WILL FALL 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE1 OR ELSE ! ,/ATE MU/ F9D SOME MEANS ( RECONCIL+ LIB]TY & ORD] 9 C>RY+ ON ! M9+ 9DU/RY1 9 :I* CASE ! SOCIALI/S WILL ASK ?AT :AT HAS BE5 EXECUT$ AT ONE PO9T BE IMITAT$ AT ALL PO9TS4 

,! COALITION ( ! ,LOIRE M9ES HAS POSIT$ ! SOCIAL QUE/ION 9 T]MS :I* P]MIT NO MORE EVASION4 ,EI!R COMPETITION1 -- ?AT IS1 MONOPOLY & :AT FOLL[S2 OR EXPLOITATION BY ! ,/ATE1 -- ?AT IS1 DE>NESS ( LABOR & CONT9U\S IMPOV]I%M5T2 OR ELSE1 9 %ORT1 A SOLUTION BAS$ UPON EQUALITY1 -- 9 O!R WORDS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 :I* 9VOLVES ! NEGATION ( POLITICAL ECONOMY & ! 5D ( PROP]TY4 

,BUT ! ECONOMI/S DO NOT PROCE$ ) ?IS ABRUPT LOGIC3 !Y LOVE TO B>GA9 ) NECESSITY4 ,M4 ,DUP9 7SESSION ( ! ,ACADEMY ( ,MORAL & ,POLITICAL ,SCI5CES1 ,JUNE #a1 #a#h#d#c7 EXPRESSES ! OP9ION ?AT1 0?\< COMPETITION MAY BE USEFUL )9 ! NATION1 IT MU/ BE PREV5T$ BETWE5 NATIONS40 

,TO PREV5T OR TO LET ALONE1 -- SU* IS ! ET]NAL ALT]NATIVE ( ! ECONOMI/S3 BEYOND IT !IR G5IUS DOES NOT GO4 ,9 VA9 IS IT CRI$ \T AT !M ?AT IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( PREV5T+ ANY?+ OR ( P]MITT+ EV]Y?+2 ?AT :AT IS ASK$ ( !M1 :AT SOCIETY EXPECTS ( !M1 IS A RECONCILIATION3 ?IS D\BLE IDEA DOES NOT 5T] !IR HEAD4 

0,IT IS NECESS>Y10 ,M4 ,DUNOY] REPLIES TO ,M4 ,DUP91 0TO DI/+UI% !ORY FROM PRACTICE40 

,MY ,GOD6 EV]YBODY KN[S ?AT ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 9FLEXIBLE AS TO PR9CIPLES 9 HIS WORKS1 IS V]Y ACCOMMODAT+ AS TO PRACTICE 9 ! ,C\NCIL ( ,/ATE4 ,BUT LET HIM CONDESC5D TO ONCE ASK HIMSELF ?IS QUE/ION3 ,:Y AM ,I OBLIG$ TO CONT9UALLY DI/+UI% PRACTICE FROM !ORY8 ,:Y DO !Y NOT H>MONIZE8 

,M4 ,BLANQUI1 AS A LOV] ( PEACE & H>MONY1 SUPPORTS ! LE>N$ ,M4 ,DUNOY]1 -- ?AT IS1 !ORY4 ,NEV]!LESS HE ?9KS1 ) ,M4 ,DUP91 -- ?AT IS1 ) PRACTICE1 -- ?AT COMPETITION IS NOT EXEMPT FROM REPROA*4 ,SO AFRAID IS ,M4 ,BLANQUI ( CALUMNIAT+ & /IRR+ UP ! FIRE6 

,M4 ,DUP9 IS OB/9ATE 9 HIS OP9ION4 ,HE CITES1 AS EVILS = :I* COMPETITION IS RESPONSIBLE1 FRAUD1 SALE BY FALSE WEI<TS1 ! EXPLOITATION ( *ILDR54 ,ALL D\BTLESS 9 ORD] TO PROVE ?AT COMPETITION )9 ! NATION MAY BE USEFUL6 

,M4 ,PASSY1 ) HIS USUAL LOGIC1 OBS]VES ?AT !RE WILL ALWAYS BE DI%ONE/ PEOPLE :O1 ETC4 ,ACCUSE HUMAN NATURE1 HE CRIES1 BUT NOT COMPETITION4 

,AT ! V]Y \TSET ,M4 ,PASSY'S LOGIC W&]S FROM ! QUE/ION4 ,COMPETITION IS REPROA*$ ) ! 9CONV5I5CES :I* RESULT FROM ITS NATURE1 NOT ) ! FRAUDS ( :I* IT IS ! OCCASION OR PRETEXT4 ,A MANUFACTUR] F9DS A WAY ( REPLAC+ A WORKMAN :O CO/S HIM ?REE FRANCS A DAY BY A WOMAN TO :OM HE GIVES BUT ONE FRANC4 ,?IS EXP$I5T IS ! ONLY ONE BY :I* HE CAN MEET A FALL+ M>KET & KEEP HIS E/ABLI%M5T 9 MOTION4 ,SOON TO ! WORK+ WOM5 HE WILL ADD *ILDR54 ,!N1 =C$ BY ! NECESSITIES ( W>1 HE WILL GRADUALLY R$UCE WAGES & ADD TO ! H\RS ( LABOR4 ,:]E IS ! GUILTY P>TY H]E8 ,?IS >GUM5T MAY BE TURN$ AB\T 9 A HUNDR$ WAYS & APPLI$ TO ALL 9DU/RIES )\T FURNI%+ ANY GR\ND = ACCUS+ HUMAN NATURE4 

,M4 ,PASSY HIMSELF IS OBLIG$ TO ADMIT IT :5 HE ADDS3 0,AS = ! COMPULSORY LABOR ( *ILDR51 ! FAULT IS ON ! P>5TS40 ,EXACTLY4 ,& ! FAULT ( ! P>5TS ON :OM8 

0,9 ,IREL&10 CONT9UES ?IS ORATOR1 0!RE IS NO COMPETITION1 & YET POV]TY IS EXTREME40 

,ON ?IS PO9T ,M4 ,PASSY'S ORD9>Y LOGIC HAS BE5 BETRAY$ BY AN EXTRAORD9>Y LACK ( MEMORY4 ,9 ,IREL& !RE IS A COMPLETE1 UNIV]SAL MONOPOLY ( ! L&1 & UNLIMIT$1 DESP]ATE COMPETITION = F>MS4 ,COMPETITION-MONOPOLY >E ! TWO BALLS :I* UNHAPPY ,IREL& DRAGS1 ONE AFT] EA* FOOT4 

,:5 ! ECONOMI/S >E TIR$ ( ACCUS+ HUMAN NATURE1 ! GRE$ ( P>5TS1 & ! TURBUL5CE ( RADICALS1 !Y F9D DELECTATION 9 PICTUR+ ! FELICITY ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT !RE AGA9 !Y CANNOT AGREE ) EA* O!R OR ) !MSELVES2 & NO?+ BETT] DEPICTS ! AN>*Y ( COMPETITION ?AN ! DISORD] ( !IR IDEAS4 

,TODAY ! WIFE ( ! WORK+MAN DRESSES 9 ELEGANT ROBES :I* 9 A PREVI\S C5TURY GREAT LADIES W\LD NOT HAVE DISDA9$4 -- ,M4 ,*EVALI]3 ,LECTURE #d4 

,& ?IS IS ! SAME ,M4 ,*EVALI] :O1 ACCORD+ TO HIS [N CALCULATION1 E/IMATES ?AT ! TOTAL NATIONAL 9COME W\LD GIVE ?IRTE5 C5TS A DAY TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL4 ,SOME ECONOMI/S EV5 R$UCE ?IS FIGURE TO ELEV5 C5TS4 ,N[1 AS ALL ?AT GOES TO MAKE UP ! L>GE =TUNES MU/ COME \T ( ?IS SUM1 WE MAY ACCEPT ! E/IMATE ( ,M4 DE ,MOROGUES ?AT ! DAILY 9COME ( HALF ! ,FR5* PEOPLE DOES NOT EXCE$ FIVE C5TS EA*4 

0,BUT10 CONT9UES ,M4 ,*EVALI]1 ) MY/ICAL EXALTATION1 0DOES NOT HAPP9ESS CONSI/ 9 ! H>MONY ( DESIRES & 5JOYM5TS1 9 ! BALANCE ( NE$S & SATISFACTIONS8 ,DOES IT NOT CONSI/ 9 A C]TA9 CONDITION ( S\L1 ! CONDITIONS ( :I* IT IS NOT ! FUNCTION ( POLITICAL ECONOMY TO PREV5T1 & :I* IT IS NOT ITS MISSION TO 5G5D]8 ,?IS IS ! WORK ( RELIGION & PHILOSOPHY40 

,ECONOMI/1 ,HORACE W\LD SAY TO ,M3 ,*EVALI]1 IF HE W]E LIV+ AT ! PRES5T DAY1 ATT5D SIMPLY TO MY 9COME1 & LEAVE ME TO TAKE C>E ( MY S\L3 ,DET VITAM1 DET OPES2 OEQUUM MI ANIMUM IPSE P>ABO4 

,M4 ,DUNOY] AGA9 HAS ! FLOOR3 

,IT W\LD BE EASY1 9 MANY CITIES1 ON HOLIDAYS1 TO CONF\ND ! WORK+ CLASS ) ! B\RGEOIS CLASS .<:Y >E !RE TWO CLASSES8.>1 SO F9E IS ! DRESS ( ! =M]4 ,NO LESS HAS BE5 ! PROGRESS 9 N\RI%M5T4 ,FOOD IS AT ONCE MORE ABUNDANT1 MORE SUB/ANTIAL1 & MORE V>I$4 ,BREAD IS BETT] EV]Y:]E4 ,MEAT1 S\P1 :ITE BREAD1 HAVE BECOME1 9 MANY FACTORY T[NS1 9F9ITELY MORE COMMON ?AN !Y US$ TO BE4 ,9 %ORT1 ! AV]AGE DURATION ( LIFE HAS BE5 RAIS$ FROM ?IRTY-FIVE YE>S TO =TY4 

,F>!R ON ,M4 ,DUNOY] GIVES A PICTURE ( ,5GLI% =TUNES ACCORD+ TO ,M>%ALL4 ,IT APPE>S FROM ?IS PICTURE ?AT 9 ,5GL& TWO MILLION FIVE HUNDR$ ?\S& FAMILIES HAVE AN 9COME ( ONLY TWO HUNDR$ & =TY DOLL>S4 ,N[1 9 ,5GL& AN 9COME ( TWO HUNDR$ & =TY DOLL>S CORRESPONDS TO AN 9COME ( ONE HUNDR$ & =TY-SIX DOLL>S 9 \R C\NTRY1 :I*1 DIVID$ BETWE5 F\R P]SONS1 GIVES EA* ?IRTY-SIX DOLL>S & A HALF1 OR T5 C5TS A DAY4 ,?AT IS NOT F> FROM ! ?IRTE5 C5TS :I* ,M4 ,*EVALI] ALL[S TO EA* 9DIVIDUAL 9 ,FRANCE3 ! DIFF]5CE 9 FAVOR ( ! LATT] >ISES FROM ! FACT ?AT1 ! PROGRESS ( WEAL? BE+ LESS ADVANC$ 9 ,FRANCE1 POV]TY IS LIKEWISE LESS4 ,:AT MU/ ONE ?9K ( ! ECONOMI/S' LUXURIANT DESCRIPTIONS OR ( !IR FIGURES8 

0,PAUP]ISM HAS 9CREAS$ TO SU* AN EXT5T 9 ,5GL&10 CONFESSES ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 0?AT ! ,5GLI% GOV]NM5T HAS HAD TO SEEK A REFUGE 9 ?OSE FRI<TFUL WORK-H\SES04 4 4 4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ?OSE PRET5D$ WORK-H\SES1 :]E ! WORK CONSI/S 9 RIDICUL\S & FRUITLESS OCCUPATIONS1 >E1 :ATEV] MAY BE SAID1 SIMPLY TORTURE-H\SES4 ,= TO A REASONABLE BE+ !RE IS NO TORTURE LIKE ?AT ( TURN+ A MILL )\T GRA9 & )\T FL\R1 ) ! SOLE PURPOSE ( AVOID+ RE/1 )\T !REBY ESCAP+ IDL5ESS4 

0,?IS ORGANIZATION .<! ORGANIZATION ( COMPETITION.>10 CONT9UES ,M4 ,BLANQUI1 0T5DS TO MAKE ALL ! PR(ITS ( LABOR PASS 9TO ! H&S ( CAPITAL4 4 4 4 ,IT IS AT ,REIMS1 AT ,MULH\SE1 AT ,SA9T-,QU5T91 AS AT ,MAN*E/]1 AT ,LE$S1 AT ,SPITALFIELDS1 ?AT ! EXI/5CE ( ! WORK]S IS MO/ PREC>I\S04 4 4 4 

,!N FOLL[S A FRI<TFUL PICTURE ( ! MIS]Y ( ! WORK-]S4 ,M51 WOM51 *ILDR51 Y\NG GIRLS1 PASS BE=E Y\1 />V$1 BLAN*$1 RAGG$1 WAN1 & WILD4 ,! DESCRIPTION 5DS ) ?IS /ROKE3 

,! WORK]S 9 ! ME*ANICAL 9DU/RIES CAN NO LONG] SUPPLY RECRUITS = ! >MY4 

,IT W\LD SEEM ?AT !SE DO NOT D]IVE MU* B5EFIT FROM ,M4 ,DUNOY]'S :ITE BREAD & S\P4 

,M4 ,VILL]ME REG>DS ! LIC5TI\SNESS ( Y\NG WORK+ GIRLS AS 9EVITABLE4 ,CONCUB9AGE IS !IR CU/OM>Y /ATUS2 !Y >E 5TIRELY SUBSIDIZ$ BY EMPLOY]S1 CL]KS1 & /UD5TS4 ,AL?\< AS A G5]AL ?+ M>RIAGE IS MORE ATTRACTIVE TO ! PEOPLE ?AN TO ! B\RGEOISIE1 !RE >E MANY PROLETAIRES1 ,MAL?USIANS )\T KN[+ IT1 :O FE> ! FAMILY & GO ) ! CURR5T4 ,?US1 AS WORK+M5 >E FLE% = CANNON1 WORK+WOM5 >E FLE% = PRO/ITUTION3 ?AT EXPLA9S ! ELEGANT DRESS+ ON ,SUNDAY4 ,AFT] ALL1 :Y %\LD !SE Y\NG WOM5 BE EXPECT$ TO BE MORE VIRTU\S ?AN !IR MI/RESSES8 

,M4 ,BURET1 CR[N$ BY ! ,ACADEMY3 

,I AFFIRM ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS IS AB&ON$ BODY & S\L TO ! GOOD PLEASURE ( 9DU/RY4 

,! SAME WRIT] SAYS ELSE:]E3 

,! FEEBLE/ EF=TS ( SPECULATION MAY CAUSE ! PRICE ( BREAD TO V>Y A C5T A P\ND & MORE3 :I* REPRES5TS @s#a#b#d1#a = ?IRTY-F\R MILLION M54 

,I MAY REM>K1 9 PASS+1 ?AT ! MU*-LAM5T$ ,BURET REG>D$ ! IDEA ( ! EXI/5CE ( MONOPOLI/S AS A POPUL> PREJUDICE4 ,WELL1 SOPHI/6 MONOPOLI/ OR SPECULATOR1 :AT MATT]S ! NAME1 IF Y\ ADMIT ! ?+8 

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