,SPEE* 9 ,DISCUSSION ( ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ,REPORT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AMADEO ,BORDIGA 

,TEXT 3 

,NOVEMB] #a#a1 #aibb 

,S\RCE3 ,PUBLI%$ 9 ,T[>D ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT3 ,PROCE$+S ( ! ,F\R? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 #aibb 7HTTPS3_/_/WWW4HAYM>KETBOOKS4ORG_/BOOKS_/#d#g#b-T[>D-!-UNIT$-FRONT71 PP4 #a#g#h-#a#h#e4 
,TRANSLATION3 ,TRANSLATION BY ,JOHN ,RIDDELL 
,H,T,M,L ,M>KUP3 ,DAVID ,WALT]S = ! ,M>XI/S ,9T]NET ,>*IVE1 #bah 
,COPYRI<T3 ,JOHN ,RIDDELL1 #b#a#g4 ,REPUBLI%$ H]E ) P]MISSION4 

,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV HAS RECALL$ & CONFIRM$ C]TA9 PR9CIPLES E/ABLI%$ BY ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS & APPROV$ BY ! ,ITALIAN P>TY4 

,! FIR/ CONC]NS 9T]PRET+ ! CONDITION ( CAPITALISM4 ,A CRISIS EXI/S ?AT IS NOT TRANSITORY & ?AT SIGNIFIES ! DECL9E ( CAPITALISM ITSELF1 ONE ?AT CAN BE T]M$ ITS F9AL CRISIS4 

,! SECOND PO9T MAKES CLE> ?AT 9 ORD] TO MAKE POSSIBLE A REVOLUTION>Y VICTORY 9 ?IS SITUATION1 IT IS NECESS>Y = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TO WID5 ITS 9FLU5CE AMONG ! BROAD MASSES4 ,?AT IT CAN A*IEV$ BY TAK+ P>T 9 /RUGGLES = ALL ! SPECIFIC 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 

,! ,ITALIAN ,COMMUNI/S HAVE NOT SUPPORT$ A PUTS*I/ ME?OD EI!R 9 !ORY OR 9 PRACTICE2 !Y HAVE NOT GIV5 WAY TO ! ILLUSION ?AT P[] CAN BE WON BY A SMALL REVOLUTION>Y P>TY4 ,:AT !Y DO NOT ACCEPT IS ONLY ! =MULATION REG>D+ ! 'MAJORITY' ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I* IS VAGUE & >BITR>Y4.<#a.> ,IT IS VAGUE BECAUSE IT DOES NOT MAKE CLE> :E!R ! REF]5CE IS /RICTLY TO ! PROLET>IAT OR ALSO 9CLUDES ! SEMI-PROLET>IAN LAY]S & ALL POLITICAL & TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?IS =MULATION ALSO SEEMS TO US TO BE >BITR>Y BECAUSE ! RELATION%IP ( =CES MAY V]Y WELL MAKE A REVOLUTION>Y ATTACK IMPOSSIBLE EV5 9 A SITUATION :]E WE HAVE ! MAJORITY1 :ILE IT IS ALSO NOT EXCLUD$ ?AT AN ATTACK MAY BE POSSIBLE BE=E WE HAVE WON ?IS MAJORITY4 

,\R OP9ION ON ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S TASKS & ! REPORT PRES5T$ BY ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV IS ?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAS SO F> NOT RESOLV$ ! MAJOR TACTICAL PROBLEMS 9 ! BE/ MANN]4 ,! ,LEFT CURR5T IS USUALLY RECOGNIZ$ BY ITS CONFID5CE REG>D+ AN \TBREAK ( REVOLUTION 9 ! NE> FUTURE4 ,WELL1 9 ?IS REG>D ,I AM MORE PESSIMI/IC ?AN ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV4.<#b.> 

,! EXI/5CE ( A GREAT CAPITALI/ CRISIS IS AN ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y OBJECTIVE PRECONDITION = ! REVOLUTION4 ,NONE!LESS IT MU/ BE RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ! SUBJECTIVE CONDITIONS = ! EXI/5CE ( A /RONG ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL ) 9FLU5CE ON ! MASSES CAN TO SOME DEGREE BE JEOP>DIZ$ BY ! DIRECT IMPACT ( ! CRISIS ON ! WORK]S' ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS 7! TRADE UNIONS & SIMIL> ORGANIZATIONS71 :I* WE CAN T]M ! 'ORIG9AL' NATURAL ORGANIZATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & :I* >E IMM$IATELY AFFECT$ BY ! EVOLUTION ( ! OBJECTIVE SITUATION4 ,! MO/ IMM$IATE WAY TO W9 ! MASSES IS ?R\< 9T5SIVE TRADE UNION WORK4 ,! ECONOMIC CRISIS & JOBLESSNESS MAKE ?IS TASK MORE DIFFICULT4 ,! OPPORTUNI/S EXPRESS ?IS PROBLEM ?R\< ! SLOGAN ?AT WE MU/ WAIT = A CAPITALISM TO FL\RI% AGA9 BE=E WE ACT = ! LIB]ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT4 

,9 FACT1 H]E WE MAY /& BY A CLASSICAL =MULA3 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO W9 ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE 9FLU5CE = ! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY DUR+ CAPITALISM'S HEYDAY1 9 ORD] TO BE ABLE1 AT ! MOM5T :5 CRISIS BREAKS \T1 TO DRAW ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS ) US 9TO A PROCESS ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,?AT IS :AT ! OPPORTUNI/S HAVE OB/RUCT$4 ,NONE!LESS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL DOES NOT RETREAT FROM ITS TASK ( MOBILIZ+ ! WORLD PROLET>IAT = REVOLUTION4 

,?IS PROBLEM CONFRONTS US TODAY UND] DIFFICULT CONDITIONS1 :I* H[EV] CANNOT BE VIEW$ AS 9SUP]ABLE4 ,AL?\< = N[ SOME C\NTRIES /& AS EXCEPTIONS1 9 MY OP9ION ! ECONOMIC SITUATION WILL WORS5 9 G5]AL1 BR++ ) IT JOBLESSNESS & A DECL9E ( ! TRADE UNIONS4 

,AS A RESULT ( ! DANG] ( NEW W>S1 DISCONT5T WILL GR[ NOT ONLY 9 ! PROLET>IAT BUT 9 SEMI-PROLET>IAN CLASSES4 ,! GREAT TASK IS TO %APE ?IS *AOTIC DISCONT5T 9TO A =M SUITABLE = REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL HAS S\<T TO RESOLVE ?IS PROBLEM BY EXPLA9+ ! CONDITIONS CREAT$ BY ! (F5SIVE ( CAPITALISM4 ,?IS WAS ! ORIG9 ( ! UNIT$ FRONT TACTIC4 

,WE ACCEPT BY & L>GE ! SPIRIT ( ?IS TACTIC4 ,! OBJECTIONS WE RAISE1 :I* APPLY TO ! G5]AL WORK ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S LEAD]%IP1 FL[ FROM SOME OBS]VATIONS ?AT WE WILL N[ PRES5T4 

,W9N+ ! MASSES IS \R MA9 GOAL4 ,BUT ?IS DOES NOT MEAN ?AT ?IS GOAL CAN BE A*IEV$ NECESS>ILY 9 A /EADY ME*ANICAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,IT DOES NOT MEAN ?AT WE WILL NECESS>ILY F9D1 AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T1 A WAY TO ADVANCE T[>D ?IS CONQUE/ 9 BROAD /AGES4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT WE WILL BE PLAC$ = A C]TA9 TIME 9 CONDITIONS :]E WE DO NOT SEE ! P>TY GR[1 BUT :]E WE WILL BE ABLE DUR+ ?IS 9T]VAL TO C>RY \T EF=TS ?AT CAN GIVE US CONFID5CE ?AT WE WILL BE ABLE TO W9 ! MASSES LAT] ON4 ,Z9OVIEV HAS SAID ?AT SOME P>TS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL HAVE SE5 !IR 9FLU5CE GR[ DESPITE A DECREASE 9 !IR MEMB]%IP LEVEL4 

,W9N+ ! MASSES %\LD NOT BE UND]/OOD SOLELY 9 T]MS ( /ATI/ICAL V>IATIONS4 ,IT IS A DIALECTICAL PROCESS1 %AP$ ABOVE ALL BY ! EVOLUTION ( OBJECTIVE SOCIAL CONDITIONS4 ,\R TACTICAL 9ITIATIVE CAN SPE$ UP ?IS PROCESS )9 DEF9ITE LIMITS OR1 TO BE MORE PRECISE1 GIV5 C]TA9 CONDITIONS ?AT WE TAKE = GRANT$4 ,\R TACTICAL 9ITIATIVE - ?AT IS1 \R P>TY'S ADROITNESS 9 ACTION - IS EFFECTIVE ONLY ) REG>D TO DEVELOPM5TS 9 ! PROLET>IAT'S PSY*OLOGY1 US+ ?IS T]M 'PSY*OLOGY' 9 ITS BROADE/ S5SE1 9CLUD+ ITS CONSCI\SNESS1 ITS SPIRIT1 ITS WILL TO /RUGGLE4 ,WE MU/ RECALL H]E ?AT1 AS \R 5TIRE REVOLUTION>Y EXP]I5CE TELLS US1 TWO FACTORS PLAY A PRIM>Y ROLE3 COMPLETE IDEOLOGICAL CL>ITY 9 ! P>TY & A /RICT & SKILLFUL P]SI/5CE 9 ITS CON/RUCTION & ORGANIZATION4 ,:AT WE SAY IS ?AT ON ! ROAD TO A G5U9E CONQUE/ ( ! MASSES1 EXPRESS$ ?R\< ! GA!R+ >\ND A P>TY ( NEW LAY]S ( ! PROLET>IAT ?AT >E CAPABLE ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 IT IS A BAD BUS9ESS = US TO P]MIT !SE CONDITIONS TO BE JEOP>DIZ$ 9 ORD] TO A*IEVE A SEEM+ IMPROVEM5T 9 ! P>TY4 ,CAPACITY = REVOLUTION>Y ACTION REQUIRES PREP>ATION ?AT CAN NEV] BE IMPROVIS$ & ?AT RESIDES 9 ! FACTORS ALREADY M5TION$3 DOCTR9AL CL>ITY & ORGANIZATIONAL SOLIDITY4 

,HAV+ DET]M9$ ?IS1 WE SAY ?AT WE WILL CLOSELY FOLL[ ! L9E ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL IF IT SETS ! GOAL1 AS WAS DONE BETWE5 ! ,?IRD & ,F\R? ,CONGRESSES 7\R P>TY WAS ! FIR/ TO DO ?IS1 EV5 BE=E ! RETURN ( ITS DELEGATES FROM ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS7 TO B5EFIT FROM ALL ! EXPRESSIONS ( ! CAPITALI/ (F5SIVE 9 ORD] TO DRAW ALONG ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ! WORK+-CLASS MASSES :O >E /ILL FOLL[]S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY OR >E DISP]S$4 ,WE WILL NOT REPEAT H]E AN ANALYSIS ( ! NATURE ( ! B\RGEOIS (F5SIVE ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS HAS BE5 =C$ TO UND]TAKE BY ! 9EVITABLE *>ACT] ( ! CRISIS4 ,!RE IS A SPECIAL AG5DA PO9T TO H&LE ?IS QUE/ION1 & 9 DISCUSS+ ,ITALIAN FASCISM WE WILL BE ABLE TO %[ ! DEGREE TO :I* ! B\RGEOISIE IS ABLE TO A*IEVE ! SIMULTANE\S APPLICATION ( ALL ITS ME?ODS ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y DEF5SE4 

,! EMPLOY]S' (F5SIVE MAKES IT POSSIBLE TO ADVANCE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC DEM&S ?AT IMM$IATELY CONC]N ! TOTALITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ?AT (F] ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY A FAVORABLE OPPORTUNITY TO PROMOTE UNIT$ WORK+-CLASS ACTION & TO DEMON/RATE ?R\< FACTS ?AT ! O!R PROLET>IAN P>TIES >E 9CAPABLE ( *AMPION+ EV5 ! MO/ IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,?AT HAS A D\BLE REVOLUTION>Y EFFECT1 BO? PLAC+ OB/ACLES 9 ! PA? ( ! RECON/RUCTION ( ?REAT5$ CAPITALISM & ALSO 9CREAS+ ! 9FLU5CE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ON ! MASSES4 ,WE HAVE SAID ?AT WE P]CEIVE LIMITS 9 ! APPLICATION ( ?IS TACTIC - LIMITS RELAT$ TO ! NE$ NOT TO IMP]IL ! O!R FACTORS GIV+ ! P>TY 9FLU5CE ON ! MASSES OR ! 9N] REVOLUTION>Y READ9ESS ( ITS MEMB]%IP4 ,WE MU/ NEV] =GET ?AT \R P>TY IS NOT A RIGID ME*ANISM ?AT WE CAN SIMPLY MANIPULATE BUT IS RA!R A LIV+ BE+ AFFECT$ BY \TSIDE =CES1 :I* CAN BE MODIFI$ ?R\< ! DIRECTION GIV5 TO IT BY \R POLICIES4 ,?AT IS :Y WE SAY ?AT SETT+ UP A P]MAN5T LEAD+ BODY MADE UP ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! DIFF]5T PROLET>IAN P>TIES /&S 9 CONTRADICTION TO ! PR9CIPLE ( ! UNIT$ FRONT TACTIC4 

,WE MU/ ( C\RSE PREP>E \RSELVES = ! OPPORTUNI/S TO EI!R REJECT OR ACCEPT COMMON ACTION4 ,RESPONSIBILITY = ! ACTION MU/ RE/ ) A BODY ?AT >ISES FROM ! WORK+ MASSES ?R\< ! 9T]M$I>Y ( !IR ECONOMIC ORGANIZATIONS1 ONE ?AT 9 PR9CIPLE CAN BE CONQU]$ BY ANY P>TY4 ,9 ?IS WAY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY CAN SUBORD9ATE ITSELF TO ?IS BODY & PROVIDE AN EXAMPLE BY PLAC+ ITSELF 9 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! UNIT$ PROLET>IAN ACTION1 )\T TAK+ RESPONSIBILITY BE=E ! MASSES = ! BAD RESULTS ( ME?ODS ( ACTION IMPOS$ BY ! NON-,COMMUNI/ MAJORITY ( ! PROLET>IAN ORGANIZATIONS4 ,= ) RESPECT TO W9N+ 9FLU5CE ON ! MASSES & !IR PSY*OLOGY1 WE MU/ RECKON ) ! P>TIES' PA/ RESPONSIBILITY & TRADITIONS1 AS WELL AS ) ! GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS ?AT ! MASSES FOLL[4 

,IT IS ?US BY NO MEANS A MATT] ( EXCLUD+ POLITICAL ISSUES FROM ! LI/ ( UNIT$ FRONT DEM&S & 9CLUD+ ONLY ECONOMIC ONES4 ,IT IS ALSO NOT A MATT] ( REJECT+ - 9 PR9CIPLE OR \T ( SOME CONCEIVABLE FEEL+ ( /&(FI%NESS - TEMPOR>Y NEGOTIATIONS EV5 ) ! WOR/ LEAD]S ( ! OPPORTUNI/S4 ,IT IS M]ELY A QUE/ION ( NOT PLAC+ AT RISK ! READ9ESS ( ! BROADE/ POSSIBLE LAY] ( ! PROLET>IAT = A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION - 9 :I* ACTION WILL TAKE PLACE 5TIRELY 9 ! FRAMEWORK ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY'S ME?ODS - ?US AVOID+ ! DANG] ( LEAD+ ! 5TIRE PROLET>IAT TO A DEFEAT4 ,IT IS A MATT] ( PRES]V+ \R P>TY'S FULL CAPACITY DUR+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! UNIT$ FRONT TO PURSUE EF=TS 9 EV]Y FIELD TO 5ROLL G5U9ELY PROLET>IAN =CES4 ,! UNIT$ FRONT TACTIC WILL HAVE NO PO9T IF ! WORK ( ORGANIZ+ ! MASSES C>RI$ \T BY ! P>TY 9SIDE ! TRADE UNIONS1 ! FACTORY1 & SO ON CANNOT TAKE PLACE4 

,WE SAY ?AT ! DANG] EXI/S ( ! UNIT$ FRONT DEG5]AT+ 9TO ,COMMUNI/ REVISIONISM1 & 9 ORD] TO PREV5T ?AT1 WE MU/ REMA9 )9 C]TA9 LIMITS4 

,N[ AS TO ! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T4 ,IF IT IS CONFIRM$1 AS AT ! ,EXP&$ ,EXECUTIVE 9 ,JUNE1 ?AT ! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T REF]S TO '! REVOLUTION>Y MOBILIZATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS = ! OV]?R[ ( ! B\RGEOISIE'1.<#c.> !N WE CONSID] ?AT UND] C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES ?IS SLOGAN CAN BE US$ AS A T]M9OLOGICAL REPLACEM5T = ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,C]TA9LY WE WILL NOT OPPOSE ?AT1 UNLESS ?IS NE$ TO HIDE \R TRUE PROGRAM C\LD BE CONSID]$ OPPORTUNI/4 ,BUT :AT IF ! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T SLOGAN CREATES AN IMPRESSION AMONG ! MASSES ?AT IT REF]S NOT M]ELY TO A TRANSITORY POLITICAL SITUATION OR TO ! MOM5T>Y RELATION%IP ( SOCIAL =CES1 BUT RA!R SUGGE/S ?AT ! MO/ IMPORTANT PROBLEM 9 ! RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & ! /ATE 7! PROBLEM ON :I* WE F\ND$ ! PROGRAM & ORGANIZATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL7 CAN BE RESOLV$ 9 SOME WAY O!R ?AN ?R\< >M$ /RUGGLE = P[] & ITS EX]CISE 9 ! =M ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT8 ,9 ?AT CASE1 WE REJECT ?IS TACTIC1 BECAUSE IT JEOP>DIZES A F\NDATION /ONE = ! PREP>ATION ( ! PROLET>IAT & P>TY = REVOLUTION>Y TASKS1 9 RETURN = ! DUBI\S B5EFITS ( A*IEV+ IMM$IATE POPUL>ITY4 

,IT WILL P]HAPS BE SAID ?AT ! REALITY ( ! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T DOES NOT CORRESPOND TO \R FE>S4 ,BUT H]E ,I MU/ SAY ?AT ,I HAVE HE>D C\NTLESS EXPLANATIONS ( :AT ! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T IS NOT1 BUT ONLY FROM ! M\? ( ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV OR O!RS CAN ,I LE>N :AT A WORK]S' GOV]NM5T ACTUALLY REPRES5TS4 

,IF ! PO9T IS TO CONSID] OBJECTIVELY ! A*IEVEM5T ( A TRANSITIONAL REGIME ?AT WILL PREC$E ! PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP1 !N MY OP9ION IS ?AT IF ! PROLET>IAN VICTORY DOES NOT TAKE A V]Y DECISIVE =M1 ! PROCESS WILL LEAD UND] ! BL[S ( REACTION TO B\RGEOIS COALITION GOV]NM5TS 9 :I* ! RI<T W+ ( ! OPPORTUNI/S WILL DIRECTLY P>TICIPATE1 :ILE ! C5TRI/S DISAPPE> FROM ! POLITICAL SC5E1 AFT] HAV+ EXHAU/$ !IR ROLE AS ACCOMPLICES & ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 

,9 ,G]MANY1 = EXAMPLE1 WE SEE ?AT RI<T ON ! EVE ( A G5]ALIZ$ ECONOMIC CRISIS1 ! QUE/ION ( CONTROL ( PRODUCTION CROPP$ UP 9 ! FACTORY C\NCIL MOVEM5T4 ,WE SAW SOME?+ SIMIL> TO ?IS 9 ! ,ITALIAN SITUATION ( ,SEPTEMB] #a#i#b1 :I* PREC$$ A MAJOR PROLET>IAN DEFEAT4 ,IF A SIMIL> REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION >ISES 9 ,G]MANY1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY !RE MU/ PREP>E ITSELF TO RECOGNIZE ALL OPPORTUNI/ T5D5CIES )\T EXCEPTION & TO REJECT EV5 ! SLI<TE/ SUPPORT = ?IS SLOGAN ( WORK]S' CONTROL4.<#d.> ,EI!R ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WILL FROM ?IS MOM5T ON SUCCE$ 9 PLAY+ AN 9DEP5D5T ROLE1 OR !RE IS A POSSIBILITY ?AT A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION WILL DEVELOP1 PREP>+ ! ROAD = A GOV]NM5T 9 :I* ,G]MAN FASCISM CAN CALL ON COLLABORATION FROM ! RI<T-W+ ,SOCIALI/ BETRAY]S4 

,FROM ALL ?IS IT FL[S ?AT WE CANNOT FULLY ADOPT EI!R ! DRAFT !SES ( ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV OR ! DIRECTIVES ON ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,?AT RELATES NOT ONLY TO POLICY BUT TO ! CON/RUCTION ( \R 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION4 

,WE HAVE HE>D ,COMRADE ,Z9OVIEV COMPLA9 ( ! LACK ( C5TRALISM & DISCIPL9E 9 \R 9T]NATIONAL ACTIVITY4 ,WE ADVOCATE A MAXIMUM ( C5TRALISM & AU?ORITY = ! HI<E/ C5TRAL BODY4 

,BUT ! OB$I5CE ( ! 5TIRE ORGANIZATIONAL NETWORK ) REG>D TO ! 9ITIATIVES ( ! LEAD+ C5T] CANNOT BE SECUR$ BY A SOLEMN OA? TO BE DISCIPL9$ OR BY COMMITM5TS UND]TAK51 NO MATT] H[ S9C]ELY4 

,NOR WILL IT WORK TO APPLY 9T]NAL DEMOCRACY & CONTROL BY ! RANKS ( ! ORGANIZ$ WORK]S - ?AT MO/LY LEADS TO CONFUSION4 ,! GU>ANTEE ( DISCIPL9E MU/ BE S\<T ELSE:]E4 ,WE MU/ REMEMB]1 ) ! AID ( ,M>XI/ DIALECTIC1 ?AT \R ORGANIZATION IS NEI!R A ME*ANISM NOR AN >MY1 BUT A G5U9E UNIFI$ COMPLEX1 :OSE DEVELOPM5T IS BO? A RESULT & A CONTRIBUT+ FACTOR TO ! EVOLUTION ( ! HI/ORICAL SITUATION4 

,! GU>ANTEE ( DISCIPL9E CAN BE F\ND ONLY 9 A %>P DEL9EATION ( ! B\ND>IES )9 :I* WE EMPLOY \R ME?ODS ( ACTION1 & 9 ! PROGRAMMATIC CL>ITY ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT TACTICAL RESOLUTIONS & ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES4 ,! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION PROVID$ ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ) ! BASIS TO RE/ORE ITS IDEOLOGY & FI<T+ ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?AT IS A GA9 ?AT MU/ NOT BE UND]VALU$1 & ITS FUR!R EFFECTS WILL DEVELOP TO ! DEGREE ?AT ! L9K BETWE5 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAN MOVEM5T REMA9S FIRM4 ,WE CRITICIZE ! T5D5CY TO GRANT TOO MU* FRE$OM 9 ORGANIZATIONAL MEASURES & TACTICAL ME?ODS1 A FRE$OM ?AT MOVES US FUR!R FROM \R GOALS4 ,! *OICE 9 SU* MATT]S %\LD BE LEFT TO ! LEAD+ C5T]4 ,?IS *OICE %\LD BE MADE - WE REPEAT - BY ! C5T] & NOT BY ! NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS1 :O CLAIM TO HAVE BETT] JUDGM5T ( ! SPECIAL CONDITIONS ( !IR MILIEUS4 ,BUT :5 ?IS RI<T IS EXT5D$ TOO F>1 & ! C5T] LACKS =ESI<T1 !N CASES ( 9DISCIPL9E WILL NECESS>ILY PILE UP1 :I* UND]M9E ! CON/RUCTION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORLD ORGANIZATION & DAMAGE ITS PRE/IGE4 ,9 \R OP9ION1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL'S C5TRAL BODIES %\LD BE ORGANIZ$ 9 AN EV5 LESS F$]AL MANN]4 ,!Y %\LD BE CON/ITUT$ NOT BY REPRES5TATIVES ( NATIONAL SECTIONS BUT BY ! 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESS4 

,IT IS QUITE OBVI\S ?AT ONLY ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION CAN GIVE US A HEADQU>T]S LOCATION & ! G5]AL /AFF = ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,BUT 9 ORD] TO LEAD ! MOVEM5TS >\ND ! WORLD ) C]TA9TY1 ?IS G5]AL /AFF %\LD1 9 ACCORD ) !M1 SET ! PLANS = PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION>Y /RATEGY4 ,& NOT A S+LE CASE %\LD BE P]MITT$ ( A REFUSAL TO OBEY !SE DECISIONS4 

,UN=TUNATELY1 !RE IS NO LACK ( EXAMPLES ( ! BAD RESULTS ( TOO MU* ELA/ICITY & ( AN ECLECTIC APPROA* TO ! *OICE ( MEANS ( /RUGGLE4 ,! BAD SITUATION ( ! ,FR5* P>TY IS ! MO/ /RIK+ EXAMPLE4 ,& WE MU/ ALSO M5TION ! QUITE /RIK+ FACT ?AT ALL P>TIES ?AT HAVE AN ABSOLUTE MAJORITY ( ! POLITICALLY ORGANIZ$ WORK]S ON !IR SIDE & ?AT ORIG9AT$ DIRECTLY 9 ! TRADITIONAL ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TIES >E GO+ ?R\< A CRISIS4 ,?AT IS EVID5T 9 ,FRANCE1 ,CZE*OSLOVAKIA1 & ,NORWAY4 ,WE CANNOT AVOID SAY+ ?AT 9 A C]TA9 S5SE A VOLUNT>Y ]ROR IS BE+ MADE1 NAMELY1 ?AT ! CON/RUCTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ( WORK]S P>TIES IS BE+ VIEW$ AS TOO SIMIL> TO ?AT ( /ATE & MILIT>Y ORGANIZATIONS4 

,BY TRY+1 COME :AT MAY1 TO F9D DECISIVE MEASURES = ! A*IEVEM5T ( GREAT REVOLUTION>Y SUCCESSES1 WE HAVE POSSIBLY GONE D[N A PA? ?AT C>RIES US ?R\< CRISES ?AT BREAK \T )\T ANY WAY TO PREV5T !M ?R\< USE ( ! RES\RCES AT \R DISPOSAL1 & ?AT REMOVES US TOO F> FROM RESULTS ?AT >E SECURE & FIRM4 ,IT IS ALSO POSSIBLE ?AT DECISIVE TURN+ PO9TS WILL TAKE US BY SURPRISE1 POS+ DIFFICULT QUE/IONS = US4 ,I DO NOT D5Y ?AT ?IS EXP]I5CE MAY TO SOME EXT5T BE NECESS>Y4 ,I WILL ONLY TAKE ! LIB]TY ( MAK+ A CONTRIBUTION ?AT RESULTS NOT FROM AB/RACT CONSID]ATIONS BUT FROM ! EXP]I5CE ( A P>TY ?AT MA9TA9S ITS PLACE 9 \R COMMON FRONT L9E ( /RUGGLE4 

,\R ,9T]NATIONAL IS TOO (T5 SE5 AS SOME?+ EXT]NAL TO ! P>TIES ?AT BELONG TO IT4 ,SOMETIMES ! P>TIES1 OR FACTIONS )9 !M1 P]MIT !MSELVES TO C>RY ON A POLEMICAL DISCUSSION ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL ?AT IS (T5 PUBLIC & 9SULT+4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL SEES ITSELF COMPELL$ TO CREATE FACTIONS 9SIDE ! P>TIES ?AT OBEY ITS DIRECTIVES1 :I* /RIKES ME AS ABSURD & DANG]\S4 

,WE SEE \RSELVES COMPELL$ TO DEAL ) TOO MANY ORGANIZATIONAL & DISCIPL9>Y QUE/IONS1 AT A TIME :5 WE NOTE ?AT ! 5EMY HAS LAUN*$ REACTION AGA9/ US 9 A WAY ?AT MAKES ! NEGOTIATIONS & ! 5TIRE PROC$URE REQUIR$ 9 SU* CASES ALMO/ IMPOSSIBLE4 

,LET ME CLOSE ) ! SLOGAN ISSU$ BY ,Z9OVIEV HIMSELF3 ,LET US BE A TRULY ,COMMUNI/ 9T]NATIONAL P>TY1 /RICTLY C5TRALIZ$ & IMBU$ ) ! SPIRIT ( REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE4 

,I ALSO NOTE ?AT 9 A P>TY ( ?IS TYPE !RE WILL BE NO ALT]ATIONS 9 ! /RUCTURE OR ORGANIZATION = ?IS OR ?AT REGION1 & ?AT 9 \R NATIONAL CONGRESSES WE WILL NEV] SEE DELEGATES FROM A REGION ?AT DO NOT AGREE TO ! COMMON RULES ( ! ORGANIZATION4 

,9 ! C5TRALIZ$ 9T]NATIONAL ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY WE WILL TRULY HAVE AN 9DISP5SABLE UNITY ( ?\<T & ACTION1 SU* ?AT EV]Y CASE ( REFUSAL TO ACCEPT DISCIPL9E WILL BE DULY PUNI%$4 

,NOTES 

#a4 ,! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ,!SES ON ,TACTICS HAD /AT$1 ',! MO/ IMPORTANT TASK ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL AT PRES5T IS TO GA9 DECISIVE 9FLU5CE OV] ! MAJORITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS & TO LEAD ITS DECISIVE SECTORS 9TO /RUGGLE4' 7,TO ! ,MASSES3 ,PROCE$+S ( ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 #aiba 7,HI/ORICAL ,MAT]IALISM ,BOOK ,S]IES #b#a#e71 P4 #i#b#g7 ,?IS POSITION WAS REAFFIRM$ BY ! ,F\R? ,CONGRESS RESOLUTION ON TACTICS4 

#b4 ,BY ',LEFT CURR5T' ,BORDIGA MEANS =CES 9 ! ,COM9T]N SU* AS ! ,ITALIAN MAJORITY LEAD]%IP ?AT RAIS$ 'LEFT' CRITICISMS ( POLICIES ( ! ,E,C,C,I1 AS = EXAMPLE ) REG>D TO UNIT$ FRONT POLICY4 

#c4 ,! QUOTATION DOES NOT APPE> 9 ! PUBLI%$ RECORD ( ! ,EXP&$ ,E,C,C,I4 

#d4 ,BORDIGA'S HO/ILITY TO ! SLOGAN ( WORK]S' CONTROL WAS 9FLU5C$ BY ! \TCOME ( ! MASSIVE /RIKE WAVE ( ,SEPTEMB] #aib 9 ,ITALY4 ,IT WAS BR\<T TO AN 5D BY A MANEUV] BY ,GIOLITTI1 ! PRIME M9I/]1 :O PROPOS$ AN AGREEM5T SUPPOS$LY TO 9/ITUTIONALIZE WORK]S' CONTROL ( ! FACTORIES4 ,! AGREEM5T1 APPROV$ BY UNIONS & EMPLOY]S1 S]V$ TO DEMOBILIZE ! /RIKE MOVEM5T BUT WAS NOT IMPLEM5T$4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #c1 #bba 3 ,SPEE* 9 ,DISCUSSION ( ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ,REPORT -- ,ADD$4 
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