,SOCIALISM 9 ,DANG] 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,F]D9& ,JACOBUS ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS 

,AU?OR 3 ,ELISEE ,RECLUS 

,TEXT 3 

,PREFACE BY ,ELISEE ,RECLUS 

,! WORK ( \R FRI5D1 ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS1 IS ! RESULT ( PATI5T /UDIES & P]SONAL EXP]I5CES V]Y PR(\NDLY LIV$2 F\R YE>S W]E SP5T WRIT+ ?IS WORK4 ,9 A TIME LIKE \RS1 9 :I* EV5TS GO BY QUICKLY1 9 :I* ! FA/ SUCCESSION ( FACTS MAKES H>D] & H>D] ! CRITIQUE ( IDEAS1 F\R YE>S IS ALREADY A LONG TIME1 & C]TA9LY1 DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 ! AU?OR HAS BE5 ABLE TO OBS]VE MANY *ANGES 9 SOCIETY1 & HIS [N SPIRIT W5T ?R\< AN EVOLUTION4 ,! ?REE P>TS ( ! WORK1 PUBLI%$ AT V>I\S LONG 9T]VALS 9 ,LA ,SOCIETE ,N\VELLE1 TE/IFY ( ! /EPS TRAV]S$4 ,FIR/LY1 ! WRIT] /UDIES ! 0V>I\S T5D5CIES ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 9 ,G]MANY02 !N1 T]RIFI$ BY ! RETREAT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT :I* HE HAS RECOGNIZ$ 9 ,G]MAN SOCIALISM1 HE ASKS HIMSELF :E!R SOCIALI/ DEVELOPM5T IS NOT 9 DANG] ( BE+ CONFUS$ ) ! 9NOCU\S DEM&S ( ! LIB]AL B\RGEOISIE2 F9ALLY1 RESUM+ ! /UDY ( ! MANIFE/ATIONS ( SOCIAL ?\<T1 HE NOTES ?AT !RE IS NO REASON TO WORRY1 & ?AT ! REGRESSION ( A S*OOL1 9 :I* ONE DEALS MORE ) COMM&+ & DISCIPL9+ ?AN ) ?9K+ & DO+1 IS V]Y L>GELY COMP5SAT$ BY ! GR[? ( LIB]T>IAN SOCIALISM1 :]E FELL[ WORK]S1 )\T DICTATORS1 )\T 5SLAVEM5T TO A BOOK OR TO A COLLECTION ( =MULAS1 WORK TOGE!R TO BUILD A SOCIETY ( EQUALS4 

,! DOCUM5TS CIT$ 9 ?IS BOOK >E ( GREAT HI/ORICAL IMPORTANCE4 ,UND] ! ?\S& APPE>ANCES ( (FICIAL POLICY -- =MULAS ( DIPLOMATS1 ,RUSSIAN VISITS1 ,FR5* G5UFLECTIONS1 TOA/S ( EMP]ORS1 RECITATIONS ( V]SES & DECORATIONS ( S]VANTS1 -- APPE>ANCES :I* ONE IS (T5 NAIVE 5\< TO TAKE = HI/ORY1 HAPP5S ! GREAT ?RU/ ( PROLET>IANS EM]G+ FROM ! C\NSCI\SNESS ( !IR CONDITION1 ) ! FIRM RESOLUTION TO MAKE !MSELVES FREE1 & PREP>+ TO *ANGE ! AXIS ( SOCIAL LIFE BY ! CONQUE/ = ALL ( A WELL-BE+ :I* IS /ILL ! PRIVILEGE ( SOME4 ,?IS DEEP MOVEM5T IS ! REAL /ORY1 & \R DESC5DANTS WILL BE HAPPY TO KN[ ! TWI/S & TURNS ( ! /RUGGLE FROM :I* !IR FRE$OM WAS BORN6 

,!Y WILL LE>N H[ DIFFICULT WAS 9TELLECTUAL & MORAL PROGRESS 9 \R C5TURY :I* CONSI/S 9 0CUR+ 9DIVIDUALS40 ,C]TA9LY1 A MAN CAN R5D] GREAT S]VICES TO HIS CONTEMPOR>IES BY ! 5]GY ( HIS ?\<T1 ! P[] ( HIS ACTION1 ! 9T5SITY ( HIS DEVOTION1 BUT1 AFT] HAV+ DONE HIS WORK1 HE %\LD NOT PRET5D HAVE BECOME A GOD1 & ESPECIALLY ?AT1 9 SPITE ( HIMSELF1 WE DO NOT CONSID] HIM AS SU*6 ,IT W\LD BE TO WANT ! GOOD DONE BY ! 9DIVIDUAL TO TURN 9TO EVIL 9 ! NAME ( ! IDOL4 ,EV]Y MAN WEAK5S ONE DAY AFT] HAV+ /RUGGL$1 & H[ MANY ( US GIVE 9 TO FATIGUE1 OR ELSE TO ! SOLICITATIONS ( VANITY1 TO ! SN>ES LAID BY P]FIDI\S FRI5DS6 ,& EV5 IF ! WRE/L] HAD REMA9$ VALIANT & PURE UNTIL ! 5D1 SOME WILL L5D HIM A LANGUAGE :I* ISN'T HIS1 & EV5 ! WORDS HE SPOKE WILL BE US$ BY DIV]T+ !M FROM !IR TRUE MEAN+4 

,SO SEE H[ WAS TREAT$ ?IS P[]FUL 9DIVIDUALITY1 ,M>X1 9 :OSE HONOR1 HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S FANATICIZ$1 RAISE !IR >MS TO HEAV51 PROMIS+ TO RELIGI\SLY OBS]VE HIS DOCTR9E6 ,A :OLE P>TY1 A :OLE >MY ) SEV]AL DOZ5 DEPUTIES 9 ! ,G]MANIC ,P>LIAM5T1 DO !Y NOT N[ 9T]PRET ?IS ,M>XI/ DOCTR9E PRECISELY 9 A S5SE CONTR>Y TO ! ?\<T ( ! MA/]8 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT ECONOMIC P[] DET]M9ES ! POLITICAL =M ( SOCIETIES1 & IT IS N[ >GU$ 9 HIS NAME ?AT ECONOMIC P[] WILL DEP5D ON A P>TY MAJORITY 9 POLITICAL ASSEMBLIES4 ,HE PROCLAIM$ ?AT 0! /ATE1 9 ORD] TO ABOLI% PAUP]ISM1 MU/ ABOLI% ITSELF1 = ! ESS5CE ( EVIL LIES 9 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! /ATE60 ,& WE DEVOTE \RSELVES TO HIS %AD[ TO CONQU] & RULE ! /ATE6 ,C]TA9LY1 IF ,M>X'S POLITICAL IDEAS >E TO TRIUMPH1 IT WILL BE1 LIKE ! RELIGION ( ,*RI/1 ON CONDITION ?AT ! MA/]1 ADOR$ 9 APPE>ANCE1 IS D5I$ 9 ! PRACTICE ( ?+S4 

,READ]S ( ,DOMELA ,NIEUW5HUIS WILL ALSO LE>N TO FE> ! DANG] POS$ BY ! DUPLICIT\S WAYS ( POLITICIANS4 ,:AT IS ! GOAL ( ALL S9C]E SOCIALI/S8 ,NO D\BT EA* ( !M WILL AGREE ?AT HIS IDEAL W\LD BE A SOCIETY :]E EA* 9DIVIDUAL1 DEVELOP+ FULLY 9 HIS /R5G?1 HIS 9TELLIG5CE & HIS PHYSICAL & MORAL BEAUTY1 WILL FREELY CONTRIBUTE TO ! GR[? ( HUMAN WEAL?4 ,BUT :AT IS ! WAY TO GET TO ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE8 0,TO PREA* ?IS IDEAL1 TO $UCATE EA* O!R1 TO JO9 TOGE!R = MUTUAL AID1 = ! FRAT]NAL PRACTICE ( ANY GOOD WORK1 = ! REVOLUTION10 WILL SAY FIR/ ( ALL ! NAIVE & ! SIMPLE LIKE US4 0,AH6 :AT A MI/AKE6 -- WE >E TOLD -- ! WAY IS TO COLLECT VOTES & CONQU] ! PUBLIC P[]S 40 ,ACCORD+ TO ?IS P>LIAM5T>Y GR\P1 IT IS ADVISABLE TO SUB/ITUTE \RSELVES TO ! ,/ATE &1 CONSEQU5TLY1 TO USE ! MEANS ( ! ,/ATE1 BY ATTRACT+ ! VOT]S BY ALL ! MANEUV]S :I* S$UCE !M1 :ILE BE+ C>EFUL NOT TO (F5D !IR PREJUDICES4 ,IS IT NOT FATAL ?AT ! C&IDATES = P[]1 L$ BY ?IS POLICY1 TAKE P>T 9 9TRIGUES1 CABALS1 P>LIAM5T>Y COMPROMISES8 ,F9ALLY1 IF !Y ONE DAY BECAME ! MA/]S1 W\LD !Y NOT NECESS>ILY BE TRA9$ TO USE =CE1 ) ALL ! APP>ATUS ( REPRESSION & COMPRESSION ?AT WE CALL ! CITIZ5 OR NATIONAL >MY1 ! G5D>M]IE1 ! POLICE & ALL ! RE/ ( !SE FIL?Y TOOLS8 ,IT IS BY ?IS PA? SO WIDELY OP5 S9CE ! BEG9N+ ( AGES ?AT ! 9NOVATORS WILL COME TO P[]1 ADMITT+ ?AT ! BAYONETS DO NOT OV]TURN ! BALLOT BE=E ! HAPPY DATE4 

,! SAFE/ WAY /ILL IS TO REMA9 NAIVE & S9C]E1 TO SIMPLY SAY :AT \R 5]GETIC WILL IS1 AT ! RISK ( BE+ CALL$ UTOPIAN BY SOME1 ABOM9ABLE1 MON/R\S1 BY O!RS4 ,\R =MAL1 C]TA91 UN%AKABLE IDEAL IS ! DE/RUCTION ( ! ,/ATE & ALL ! OB/ACLES ?AT SEP>ATE US FROM ! EGALIT>IAN GOAL4 ,LET'S NOT PLAY ! F9E/ ) \R 5EMIES4 ,IT IS BY TRY+ TO DECEIVE ?AT ONE BECOMES FOOL$4 

,?IS IS ! MORAL ?AT WE F9D 9 ! WORK ( ,NIEUW5HUIS4 ,READ IT1 ALL ( Y\ :O HAVE A PASSION = TRU? & :O DO NOT SEEK IT 9 A DICTATOR'S PROCLAMATION OR 9 A PROGRAM WRITT5 BY A :OLE C\NCIL ( GREAT M54 

,P>T #a 

,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM IS TO-DAY CONFRONT$ BY A PROBLEM ( ! GRAVE/ #a IMPORTANCE4 ,:]EV] ! MOD]N SPIRIT PREVAILS1 :]EV] ! NEW CONSCI5CE HAS COME TO LIFE1 >E F\ND ! SAME DIV]G5CE ( OP9ION1 ! SAME LAM5TABLE S*ISM4 ,9 ! /REAM ( ?\<T ?AT MAKES = ! OCEAN ( RI<TE\SNESS TWO DI/9CT CURR5TS FL[ SIDE BY SIDE3 !Y MI<T BE /YL$ ! P>LIAM5T>Y & ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y1 OR ! P>LIAM5T>Y & REVOLUTION>Y1 OR BETT] /ILL1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN & ! LIB]T>IAN4 

,?IS REM>KABLE DIFF]5CE ( OP9ION WAS ONE ( ! *IEF TOPICS DISCUSS$ AT ! ,ZURI* ,CONGRESS1 & AL?\< A RESOLUTION WAS ADOPT$ :I* WAS VIRTUALLY A COMPROMISE1 ! QUE/ION REMA9$ UNSETTL$4 ,! MOTION BR\<T =W>D BY ! ,P>IS ,C5TRAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE WAS DRAFT$ AS FOLL[S3 

0,! ,CONGRESS DECIDES3- 

,! CONT9U\S /RUGGLE = ! POSSESSION ( POLITICAL P[] BY ! SOCIALI/ & WORK]'S P>TY IS \R *IEF DUTY1 = ONLY :5 ! PROLET>IAT HAS WON POLITICAL SUPREMACY WILL IT BE ABLE BY ABOLI%+ PRIVILEGES & CLASSES1 & BY EXPROPRIAT+ ! PRES5T RUL+ & POSSESS+ CLASS1 TO OBTA9 A COMPLETE HOLD ( ?AT P[]1 & TO F\ND ! ,SOCIAL ,REPUBLIC1 FIRMLY BAS$ ON HUMAN EQUALITY & SOLID>ITY40 

,ALL MU/ ADMIT ?AT ! WORDS RUN GLIBLY1 BUT ?AT ! TASK IS BY NO MEANS EASY4 ,9DE$1 ONE MU/ BE V]Y SIMPLE1 NOT TO SAY SILLY1 TO BELIEVE ?AT POLITICAL P[] CAN BE US$ TO ABOLI% CLASSES & PRIVILEGES1 & TO EXPROPRIATE ! POSSESS+ CLASS4 ,FIR/1 WE MU/ WORK LONG & H>D TILL WE HAVE OBTA9$ A P>LIAM5T>Y MAJORITY1 & !N1 ?AT DIFFICULT BUS9ESS ACCOMPLI%$1 WE MU/ CALMLY & S]5ELY PROCE$ BY LEGAL 5ACTM5TS TO EXPROPRIATE ! POSSESS+ CLASS4 ,O SANCTA SIMPLICITAS6 ,AS IF ! POSSESS+ CLASS1 HAV+ AT ITS DISPOSAL ALL ! 0RES\RCES ( CIVILIZATION0 W\LD EV] P]MIT Y\ TO GO SO F>4 

,A PROPOSITION ( ! SAME NATURE1 BUT MORE CUNN+LY #b =MULAT$1 WAS TABL$ BY ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 & SUBMITT$ = DISCUSSION BY ! ,CONGRESS6 ,9 BRIEF1 IT CLAIM$ ?AT ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! RULE ( ! EXPLOIT+ CLASSES MU/ BE ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L & HAVE = ITS 5D ,! ,C,O,N,Q,U,E,/ ,( ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,P,[,]4 

,! OBJECT 9 VIEW1 !N1 IS TO BE ! POSSESSION ( POLITICAL P[]1 & ?IS PROGRAM IS QUITE 9 H>MONY ) ! WORDS ( ,BEBEL AT ! CONF]5CE ( ! P>TY HELD AT ,]FURT 3 0,WE HAVE FIR/ TO W9 & TO USE POLITICAL P[]1 SO AS TO >RIVE SIMULTANE\SLY AT ECONOMIC P[] BY ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,ONCE LET POLITICAL P[] BE 9 \R H&S1 ! RE/ WILL FOLL[ AS A MATT] ( C\RSE40 

,SURELY ,M>X MU/ HAVE TURN$ 9 HIS GRAVE :5 HE HE>D SU* H]ESIES DEF5D$ BY DISCIPLES :O SWE> BY HIS NAME4 ,IT SEEMS TO BE ) ,M>X AS ) ,*RI/3 MANY PR(ESS TO WOR%IP HIM ! BETT] TO BETRAY HIS PR9CIPLES4 ,OBS]VE ! LANGUAGE US$ BY ,BEBEL4 ,HE SEEMS TO WI% TO HAVE IT 9F]R$ ?AT ECONOMIC P[] WILL FOLL[ POLITICAL P[] AS A K9D ( AFT]MA?4 ,IS IT POSSIBLE TO IMAG9E POLITICAL OMNIPOT5CE 5?RON$ BESIDE ECONOMIC IMPOT5CE8 ,UP TO N[ ,WE HAVE ALL BE5 TEA*+1 UND] ! GUIDANCE ( ,M>X & ,5GELS1 ?AT IT IS ECONOMIC P[] :I* DET]M9ES POLITICAL P[]1 & ?AT ! POLITICAL P[] ( A CLASS 9 ! /ATE IS M]ELY ! %AD[ ( ITS ECONOMIC RES\RCES4 ,ECONOMIC SUBJECTION IS ! CAUSE ( ALL MANN] ( SLAV]Y & SOCIAL 9F]IORITY4 ,& N[ WE HE> IT SAID BY ! LITTLE GODS ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY ?AT POLITICAL P[] MU/ FIR/ BE A*IEV$1 & ?AT ECONOMIC GOOD ?+S WILL FOLL[3 :]EAS IT IS EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE :I* IS TRUE4 

,YES1 !Y EV5 W5T SO F> AS TO SAY3 0,SO ONLY HE :O WILL TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 & WILL MAKE USE ( ALL ! POLITICAL RES\RCES AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! PROLET>IAT1 WILL BE RECOGNIZ$ AS AN ACTIVE MEMB] ( ! 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/IC P>TY40 

,WE ALL KN[ ! CLASSICAL PHRASE 9 ,G]MANY RES]V$ = ! EXPULSION ( MEMB]S ( ! P>TY -- H9AUSFLIEG5 7TO PUT HIM \T74 ,AT ! ,CONGRESS AT ,]FURT1 ,BABEL REPEAT$ :AT HE HAD PREVI\SLY WRITT5 7SEE 0,PROTOKOLL10 P4 #f#g73 

0,WE MU/ MAKE AN 5D ( ?IS CONT9UAL GRUMBL+ & ( !SE FIREBR&S ( DISCORD :O GIVE ! IMPRESSION \TSIDE ?AT ! P>TY IS DIVID$4 ,I WILL TAKE ACTION AT ! NEXT MEET+ ( ! P>TY SO ?AT ALL MISUND]/&+ BETWE5 ! P>TY & ! OPPOSITION %ALL DISAPPE> 1 & SO ?AT IF ! OPPOSITION DOES NOT RALLY TO ! ATTITUDE & ! TACTICS ( ! P>TY IT %ALL HAVE ! OPPORTUNITY TO />T A SEP>ATE P>TY40 

,QUITE 9 ! TONE ( ! ,EMP]OR ,WILLIAM1 IS IT NOT8 ,JU/ LIKE ,HIS ,IMP]I\S ,MAJE/Y :5 HE SAYS ( DISSATISFI$ SUBJECTS3 0,IF ?AT DOES NOT PLEASE !M1 !Y HAVE ONLY TO LEAVE ,G]MANY4 ,I1 ,WILLIAM1 ,I DO NOT ALL[ GRUMBL+1 ?US SAI? ! ,EMP]OR40 0,I1 ,BEBEL1 ,I DO NOT P]MIT GRUMBL+ 9 ! P>TY2 ,I1 ,BEBEL1 HAVE SPOK540 ,T\*+ ANALOGY6 

,IT IS DESIR$ TO APPLY 9T]NATIONALLY ?IS PECULI>LY ,G]MAN DRILL4 ,W]E ! PROPOSAL ACCEPT$1 & W]E ,M>X /ILL ALIVE1 HE HIMSELF W\LD HAVE TO BE EXPELL$ FROM ! P>TY HE F\ND$1 ?AT IS IF ! 9QUISITORS D>$ 9 HIS CASE TO BE CONSI/5T4 ,ONCE ! H]ESY HUNT W]E COMM5C$1 A #d CRE$ W\LD HAVE TO BE IMPOS$1 & EV]Y MEMB] ( ! P>TY W\LD HAVE TO DECL>E ) HIS H& ON HIS HE>T ?AT HE BELIEV$ IMPLICITLY 9 ONLY ONE EFFECTIVE WAY ( SALVATION -- ?AT ?R\< ! POSSESSION ( POLITICAL P[]4 

,OPPOS$ BO? TO ! ,FR5* & ! ,G]MAN RESOLUTIONS ON ?IS SUBJECT AT ,ZURI* WAS ?AT ( ! ,DUT* ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 :I* =MALLY DECL>$ ?AT 0! CLASS W> CANNOT BE 5D$ ?R\< P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION40 

,?AT ?IS CONT5TION WAS NOT DEVOID ( 9T]E/ TO ?9K]S1 & W\LD HAVE HAD MANY SUPPORT]S AMONG 9DEP5D5T M5 IS PROV$ BY ! COMM5TS ( AN 9FLU5TIAL WRIT] 9 ! ,5GLI% SOCIALI/ PAP] ,JU/ICE1 :I* W]E TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! ,DUT* HAD RAIS$ A MO/ EFFECTIVE & MU* NE$$ PROTE/1 & ?AT !Y L$ ! WAY 9 :I* ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ALL C\NTRIES W\LD %ORTLY HAVE TO FOLL[4 

,WE ALL KN[ ! FATE ( !SE V>I\S MOTIONS4 ,?AT ( ,HOLL& WAS DEFEAT$1 BUT NOT +LORI\SLY1 = ! ,G]MANS SURR5D]$ ! MO/ OBJECTIONABLE PO9TS 9 !IR MANIFE/O1 & 9 A MANN] QUITE P>LIAM5T>Y FRAM$ A FEEBLE HALF-&-HALF DECL>ATION 9 ! SPIRIT ( COMPROMISE1 :I* ALL NATIONALITIES MI<T BE EXPECT$ TO TOL]ATE = ! OCCASION4 ,WE >E PR\D ?AT ,HOLL& ALONE TOOK NO P>T 9 ?IS TRAVE/Y ( UNION1 PREF]R+ ! HONOR ( ISOLATION & ! DIGNITY ( SIL5CE4 

,H[EV]1 IT IS A MO/ REM>KABLE ?+ ?AT ,G]MANY HAS BE5 ABLE TO SWALL[ A RESOLUTION ( :I* ! 9TRODUCTORY WORDS CON/ITUTE A FLAT CONTRADICTION ( ! PROPOSITION BR\<T =W>D 9 ! CONGRESS BY H] DELEGATES4 ,?IS FREAK ( COMPROMISE CAN BE PROV$ BY COLLAT+ ! TWO TEXTS 3 

,G]MAN ,PROPOSITION4 -- ,! W> AGA9/ CLASS RULE & EXPLOITATION MU/ BE ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L & HAVE = ITS 5D ,! ,C,O,N,Q,U,E,/ ,( ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,P,[,]4 

,RESOLUTION C>RI$4 -- ,CONSID]+ ?AT POLITICAL ACTION IS ONLY A MEANS ( A*IEV+ ! ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT3 

#a/1 ,?AT ! NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES 9 TRADES UNIONS & O!R ASSOCIATIONS TO FI<T ! EXPLOIT] IS AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY2 

#bND1 ,?AT POLITICAL ACTION IS NECESS>Y AS MU* = ! PURPOSE ( AGITATION & ! CONSEQU5T DISCUSSION ( SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLES AS = ! PURPOSE ( OBTA9+ URG5T RE=MS2 TO ?AT 5D IT RECOMM5DS ! WORK]S ( ALL C\NTRIES TO /RUGGLE = ! ACQUISITION & EX]CISE ( POLITICAL RI<TS1 :I* MAY BE MADE AVAILABLE TO PRES5T AS EFFECTIVELY AS POSSIBLE ! CLAIMS ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ALL LEGISLATIVE & ADM9I/RATIVE BODIES2 TO OBTA9 POSSESSION ( ! MEANS ( POLITICAL P[] & CAPITALI/ SUPREMACY1 & TO *ANGE !M 9TO 9/RUM5TS = ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]2 

#cRD1 ,! *OICE ( ME?ODS & MEANS ( WAG+ ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL W> MU/ BE LEFT1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! PECULI> CIRCUM/ANCES ( EA* C\NTRY1 TO ! DIFF]5T NATIONALITIES2 #d ,NEV]!LESS1 ! CONGRESS DECL>ES ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT1 9 ?IS W> ! REVOLUTION>Y PURPOSE ( ! SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T BE KEPT 9 ! =EGR\ND1 9VOLV+1 AS IT DOES1 ! COMPLETE OV]?R[1 9 ITS ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & MORAL ASPECTS1 ( SOCIETY AS AT PRES5T CON/ITUT$4 ,POLITICAL ACTION MU/ NEV] BE US$ AS AN EXCUSE = COMPROMISES OR ALLIANCES 9JURI\S TO \R PR9CIPLES & TO \R SOLID>ITY4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ?IS RESOLUTION1 ITSELF ! PRODUCT ( A COMPROMISE1 DOES NOT AS A :OLE DAZZLE ! READ] BY ITS LOGICAL CONSI/5CY4 ,! FIR/ SECTION ( IT CONTA9$ ! BAIT :I* ! ,DUT* CONT+5T W]E EXPECT$ TO SWALL[1 & :]EBY IT WAS ANTICIPAT$ ?AT !IR CONS5T TO ! :OLE RESOLUTION W\LD BE SECUR$4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ SECTIONS SOME CONCESSIONS >E MADE TO ! O!R SIDE1 = 9/ANCE1 :]E ! ACQUISITION & USE ( POLITICAL RI<TS >E RECOMM5D$ TO ! WORK]S2 & F9ALLY1 TO SATISFY BO? W+S ( P>LIAM5T>IANS1 & ?AT EA* MI<T GIVE ITS APPROVAL1 M5TION IS MADE ( POLITICAL P[] AS A MEANS ( AGITATION AS WELL AS AN 9/RUM5T = OBTA9+ URG5T RE=MS4 

,9 %ORT1 NO?+ HAS BE5 EFFECT$ BY ?IS RESOLUTION1 CON/RUCT$ TO CONCILIATE BO? P>TIES1 & TO DISPLAY AT ALL HAZ>DS AN UNBROK5 FRONT TO \TSID]S4 ,TO DEMON/RATE ! MO/ COMPLETE 9T]NATIONAL UNION WAS ! PURPOSE ( ! CONGRESS1 & ?AT 5D HAS C]TA9LY NOT BE5 A*IEV$4 ,NOT ONLY WAS ! ,DUT* DELEGATION 9 DIRECT OPPOSITION1 BUT MANY ( ! ,G]MANS1 TOO1 C\LD NOT POSSIBLY HAVE APPROV$ ! LATT] P>T ( ! PROPOSITION1 = !Y OP5LY DECL>$ !MSELVES 9 FAVOR ( ! PR9CIPLE ( DIRECT LEGISLATION BY ! PEOPLE1 ( ! 9ITIATIVE & REF]5DUM1 & ( ! SY/EM ( PROPORTIONAL REPRES5TATION4 ,?IS IS 9 OP5 CONFLICT ) ! VIEWS ( ! WELL-KN[N ,K>L ,KAUTSKY1 :O WRITES AS FOLL[S3 

0,P>TISANS ( DIRECT LEGISLATION HUNT ! DEVIL FROM ONE BODY 9TO MANY1 = TO GRANT TO ALL CITIZ5S ! RI<T ( VOT+ UPON PROPOS$ LEGAL 5ACTM5TS IS NO?+ MORE NOR LESS ?AN TO C>RY CORRUPTION FROM P>LIAM5T TO PEOPLE40 

,& H]E IS HIS CONCLUSION3 

0,9 FACT1 9 ,EUROPE1 TO ! EA/ ( ! ,RH9E AT ALL EV5TS1 ! B\RGEOISIE HAS BECOME SO 5FEEBL$ & C[>DLY ?AT IT SEEMS AS IF ! GOV]NM5T ( POLITICIANS >M$ ) ! SWORD WILL ONLY BE DONE AWAY ) :5 ! PROLET>IAT WILL BE ABLE TO EX]CISE POLITICAL P[]1 AS IF ! FALL ( MILIT>Y ABSOLUTISM 9VOLV$ ! IMM$IATE TRANSF]5CE ( AU?ORITY TO ! WORK]S4 ,ONE ?+ IS C]TA91 ?AT 9 ,G]MANY1 9 ,AU/RIA1 & 9 MO/ ,EUROPEAN C\NTRIES1 ! CONDITIONS 9DISP5SABLE TO ! PROGRESS ( SOCIALI/ LEGISLATION1 & ABOVE ALL ! DEMOCRATIC 9/ITUTIONS NE$FUL TO ! TRIUMPH ( ! PROLET>IAT WILL NEV] COME 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 9 ,5GL&1 & 9 ! ,5GLI% COLONIES1 EV5 P]HAPS 9 ,FRANCE1 LEGISLATION BY ! PEOPLE MI<T REA* A C]TA9 /ATE ( DEVELOPM5T2 BUT = US1 ,EA/]N ,EUROPEANS1 IT MU/ BE RECKON$ AS ONE ( ! ADJUNCTS ( ,UTOPIA40 

,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT A PRACTICAL PEOPLE LIKE ! ,G]MANS1 :O PRIDE !MSELVES ON !IR COMMON S5SE & MOD]ATION1 >E AT ?IS TIME ( DAY GO+ TO WAX 5?USIA/IC OV] AN 0ADJUNCT ( ,UTOPIA0 & BECOME FANATICS & DREAM]S8 ,=BID ! ?\<T6 

,AL?\< \R MOTION MAY HAVE BE5 REJECT$1 WE HAVE ! SATISFACTION TO HAVE #e =C$ ! P>TISANS ( ! REACTION>Y T5D5CY TO PLAY A F> MORE REVOLUTION>Y ROLE ?AN !Y EV] 9T5D$4 ,FIR/1 !Y HAVE ACKN[L$G$ ?AT POLITICAL ACTION IS ONLY A MEANS ( OBTA9+ ! ECONOMIC FRE$OM ( ! WORK]S4 ,SECONDLY1 !Y HAVE ACCEPT$ ! PR9CIPLE ( DIRECT LEGISLATION BY ! PEOPLE4 ,!Y HAVE ?US LEFT ! GR\ND !Y ORIG9ALLY HELD1 & HAVE ADVANC$ NE>] TO \R POSITION4 ,& :5 ,LIEBKNE*T SAID3 0,:AT SEP>ATES US IS NOT ANY DIFF]5CE ( PR9CIPLE1 BUT A M]E REVOLUTION>Y PHRASEOLOGY & WE4 MU/ GET RID ( ! PHRASEOLOGY10 WE >E1 SO F> AS HIS LA/ WORDS >E CONC]N$1 5TIRELY 9 AGREEM5T ) HIM1 BUT WE ASK :O IS RESPONSIBLE = ?AT PHRASEOLOGY3 HE & HIS P>TY :O LOSE !MSELVES 9 9TRICATE & R$UNDANT S5T5CES1 OR WE :O USE EXPRESSIONS ?AT >E CLE>1 PI?Y1 & CORRECT8 

,IT IS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT SUCCESS1 EV5 A TEMPOR>Y SUCCESS1 MAY JU/IFY A LITTLE BOA/+1 & AT ! ,]FURT MEET+ ( ! P>TY ,LIEBKNE*T MADE USE ( ! FOLL[+ LANGUAGE3 7,PROTOKOLL UB] DIE ,V]H&LUNG5 DES ,P>TEITAGES D] SOZIAL-DEMOKRATIS*E ,P]TEI ,DEUTS*L&S1 P4 #h#e7 

0,\R >MS W]E 9V9CIBLE4 ,9 ! 5D BRUTE =CE MU/ EV] RETREAT BE=E ! ADVANCE ( E?ICAL PR9CIPLES1 BE=E ! LOGIC ( FACTS4 ,BISM>CK1 TO-DAY A BEAT5 MAN1 BITES ! DU/1 & ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS ! /RONGE/ P>TY 9 ,G]MANY4 ,IS ?AT NOT A CONV9C+ PRO( ?AT WE HAVE BE5 RI<T 9 ! TACTICS WE HAVE PURSU$8 ,N[ :AT HAVE ! ,AN>*I/S DONE 9 ,HOLL&1 9 ,FRANCE1 9 ,ITALY1 9 ,SPA91 9 ,BELGIUM8 ,NO?+1 ABSOLUTELY NO?+6 ,!Y HAVE FAIL$ 9 :ATEV] !Y HAVE UND]TAK51 & EV]Y:]E WR\<T 9JURY TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,& ! ,EUROPEAN WORK]S HAVE LEFT !M SEV]ELY ALONE40 

,?IS IS 9DE$ 0TALL TALK40 ,WE NE$ ONLY REM>K1 BY ! WAY1 ?AT ,LIEBKNE*T HAS A NA/Y HABIT ( CALL+ EV]Y SOCIALI/ :O DISAGREES ) HIM AN AN>*I/4 ,! WORD 0AN>*I/0 9 HIS M\? IS EQUIVAL5T TO TRAITOR4 ,?AT IS AN ABOM9ABLE MISUSE ( WORDS AGA9/ :I* WE MU/ 9 ALL S]I\SNESS PROTE/4 ,IF WE ASK$ 9 TURN :AT ,G]MANY HAS OBTA9$ = ! WORK]S MORE ?AN ! ABOVE NAM$ C\NTRIES1 IT W\LD BE DIFFICULT TO ANSW]4 ,LIEBKNE*T KN[S ?AT P]FECTLY WELL4 ,JU/ A MOM5T BE=E HE DID ! 0HI< FALUT90 WE HAVE QUOT$1 HE HAD SAID3 70,IDEM10 P4 #b#d47 

0,! FACT ?AT UP TO ! PRES5T TIME WE HAVE GOT NO?+ FROM ,P>LIAM5T IS NOT A VALID OBJECTION TO P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 BUT IS SIMPLY DUE TO \R COMP>ATIVE WEAKNESS 9 ! C\NTRY1 AMONG ! PEOPLE40 

,9 :AT !N CONSI/S ! SUP]LATIVE SUCCESS ( ! ,G]MAN TACTICS8 ,ACCORD+ TO ,LIEBKNE*T ! ,G]MANS HAVE DONE NO?+1 & ! SOCIALI/S 9 ! C\NTRIES CIT$ HAVE A*IEV$ ! SAME RESULT4 ,WELL1  "7"7 4 ,:]E >E N[ ! SPL5DID ADVANTAGES ( ! ,G]MAN ME?OD8 ,DOES NOT ,LIEBKNE*T DRAW A MO/ IMPOS+ PICTURE ( ?AT SOCIAL DEMOCRACY :I* HAS ABSOLUTELY DONE NO?+8 

,REM>K H[ ! PRE/IGE ( SUCCESS IS CLAIM$ AN EVID5CE ?AT ! RI<T HAS PREVAIL$4 ,WE >E RI<T = WE HAVE HAD SOME SUCCESS4 ,?AT WAS ! REASON+ ( ,NAPOLEON ! ?IRD & IS ! FAVORITE #f >GUM5T ( ALL TYRANTS2 & SU*1 ALAS1 IS ! BE/ JU/IFICATION ?AT CAN BE ADVANC$ TO BOL/] UP ,G]MAN TACTICS4 

,! SUCCESS1 TOO1 ( :I* SO MU* IS MADE1 IS1 TO PUT IT MILDLY1 SLI<TLY MIX$4 ,:AT IS ! ,G]MAN P>TY8 ,M]ELY A L>GE >MY ( DISCONT5T$ CITIZ5S1 NOT ALL SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 

,BEBEL SAID AT ,HALLE 9 #a#h#i3 7,PROTOKOLL ,HALLE1 P4 #a#b47 0,IF LESS5+ ( ! H\RS ( LABOR1 ! /OPPAGE ( WORK BY *ILDR51 ,SUNDAY WORK1 & ( NI<T WORK1 >E GR\NDS ( BOA/+1 !N N9E-T5?S ( \R AGITATION >E WA/$40 

,EV]YONE N[ KN[S ?AT !SE RE=MS >E NOT DI/9CTIVELY SOCIALI/2 ANY RADICAL WILL SUPPORT !M4 ,BEBEL RECOGNIZES ?AT N9E-T5?S ( ! AGITATION ID5TIFI$ ) ! MOVEM5T >E ON HALF ( RE=MS NOT ESS5TIALLY SOCIALI/2 N[1 IF ! P>TY OBTA9S A L>GE NUMB] ( VOTES AT ! ELECTIONS1 IT IS 9 A GREAT MEASURE DUE TO ! AGITATION UND]TAK5 TO W9 !SE PRACTICAL RE=MS1 = :I* ! RADICALS >E QUITE AS 5?USIA/IC4 ,CONSEQU5TLY N9E-T5?S ( ! ELEM5TS :I* =M ! P>TY >E SATISFI$ ) SU* PALLIATIVES1 & ! REMA9+ T5? MAY BE SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,:AT RESOLUTION PURELY SOCIALI/ 9 *>ACT] HAS BE5 BR\<T =W>D 9 ,P>LIAM5T BY ! SOCIALI/ MEMB]S8 ,NOT ONE4 ,BEBEL SAID AT ,]FURT3 70,PROTOKOLL ,]FURT107 P4 #a#g#d4 

0,! GREAT AIM ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION IS ! $UCATION ( ! PEOPLE ) REF]5CE TO ! DESIGNS ( \R OPPON5TS1 & NOT ! IMM$IATE ACQUISITION ( A PROPOS$ RE=M4 ,WE HAVE ALWAYS REG>D$ \R MEASURES FROM ?AT /&PO9T40 

,?AT IS NOT QUITE CORRECT4 ,IF ?AT W]E SO1 !RE W\LD BE NO REASON = KEEP+ ! MASSES 9 IGNORANCE ( ! F9AL PURPOSE ( SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 ,:Y1 = 9/ANCE1 PROPOSE ?AT ! T5-H\R DAY %\LD BE 9AUGURAT$ 9 #a#h#i1 ! N9E-H\R DAY 9 #a#h#i#d1 & ! EI<T-H\R DAY 9 #a#h#i#h1 :5 AT ,P>IS IT WAS UNANIM\SLY DECID$ TO AGITATE = A MAXIMUM EI<T-H\R WORK+ DAY8 ,NO1 ! P>TY TACTICS DO NOT SUIT A WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T2 !Y >E BETT] ADAPT$ TO ! SMALL %OPKEEP] SPIRIT2 BUT DEG5]ATION HAS GONE SO F> ?AT ,LIEBKNE*T CANNOT =M AN IDEA ( ANY O!R ME?OD ( WAG+ ! CLASS W>4 ,H]E IS :AT HE SAID AT ,HALLE3 70,PROTOKOLL ,HALLE10 PP4 #e#f-#e#g47 

0,IS IT NOT AN AN>*I/ WAY ( FI<T+ TO LOOK ) SUSPICION UPON ALL P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 ALL LEGAL AGITATION8 ,IF ?AT BE TRUE1 :AT O!R WAY REMA9S OP580 ,SO TO HIS M9D !RE CAN BE NO O!R AGITATION ?AN LEGAL AGITATION2 A MELAN*OLY RESULT ( ! FE> ( LOS+ VOTES4 ,?AT IS UNMI/AKABLY APP>5T FROM ! REPORT ( ! G5]AL COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY1 DELIV]$ AT ,]FURT4 70,PROTOKOLL ,]FURT10 PP4 #d-#d#a47 

,NOR C\LD ! P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM YIELD O!R RESULTS4 ,A L>GE COLLECTION ( M5 HAS NO S+LE 9T]E/ 9 COMMON BUT IT NECESS>ILY HAS MANY A DIV]SE & OPPOSITE *>ACT]1 :I* CANNOT BE REGULAT$ BY ! SAME 9DIVIDUAL OR BY ! SAME ASSEMBLY4 ,ANY AU?ORITY :I* LEGISLATES ON EV]Y SUBJECT & = EV]YBODY MU/ NE$S BE >BITR>Y & DESPOTIC2 & ! VOT] :O IMAG9ES HIMSELF FREE & 9DEP5D5T BECAUSE BE DROPS A PAP] 9 ! URN AT ELECTION TIME1 :ILE ON ! O!R H& HE TAMELY SUBMITS TO ANY LAW ?AT MAY BE #g IMPOS$ UPON HIM1 IS ! VICTIMS ( AN ILLUSION1 & 9 REALITY HE IS A SLAVE 9 :OSE H& HAS BE5 PLAC$ A TOY SCEPT]4 

,!SE REM>KS ON P>LIAM5T>IANISM PRESUPPOSE ?AT ! VOTE ( ! CITIZ5 IS UNFETT]$ & 5LI<T5$1 BUT :AT %ALL WE MAY ( ! FRAN*ISE EX]CIS$ BY A MOB /EEP$ 9 POV]TY1 BRUTALIZ$ BY IGNORANCE & SUP]/ITION1 & AT ! M]CY ( A CUNN+ M9ORITY 9 ! EXCLUSIVE POSSESSION ( WEAL? & P[] & :I* HOLDS AT ITS ABSOLUTE DISPOSAL ! MEANS ( EXI/5CE 9DISP5SABLE TO ! MAJORITY8 ,AS A RULE ! POOR ELECTOR IS NEI!R CAPABLE ( VOT+ ) 9TELLIG5CE1 NOR FREE TO VOTE AS HE WI%ES4 

,)\T PRELIM9>Y $UCATION1 & DE/ITUTE ( ! MEANS = SELF-9/RUCTION1 OBLIG$ TO PLACE IMPLICIT FAI? ON :AT HE READS 9 SOME IRRESPONSIBLE NEWSPAP] 7ASSUM+ ?AT HE HAS ! ABILITY & ! TIME TO READ71 KN[+ NO?+ ( M5 & ?+S AP>T FROM HIS [N N>R[ LIFE1 H[ CAN ! WORKMAN KN[ :AT ?+S TO ASK FROM ,P>LIAM5T1 OR ?R\< :AT *ANNEL TO MAKE HIS WANTS KN[N8 ,IS IT POSSIBLE = HIM TO HAVE ANY CLE> IDEA ( ! NATURE ( A ,P>LIAM5T8 

0,! COMMITTEE ( ! P>TY & ! DELEGATION 9 ,P>LIAM5T HAVE NOT GIV5 EFFECT TO ! WI% EXPRESS$ BY ! OPPOSITION ?AT DEPUTIES 9/EAD ( ATT5D+ ,P>LIAM5T %\LD DO PROPAG&I/ WORK ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,! NON-FULFILLM5T ( DUTIES ?AT MEMB]S W]E ELECT$ TO P]=M W\LD HAVE BE5 FAVORABLY REG>D$ BY \R POLITICAL 5EMIES ONLY2 9 ! FIR/ PLACE BECAUSE !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 RELIEV$ ( A P]SI/5T CONTROL 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 & SECONDLY1 BECAUSE SU* CONDUCT ON ! P>T ( \R DEPUTIES W\LD HAVE 9CURR$ ! DISPLEASURE ( ! GREAT MASS ( 9DIFF]5T VOT]S4 ,TO CONV]T ?AT MASS TO \R OP9IONS IS ONE ( ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! MOVEM5T4 ,BESIDES IT IS KN[N ?AT ! SAY+S & DO+S ( ,P>LIAM5T >E CLOSELY /UDI$ BY CLASSES ( PEOPLE :O >E TOO 9DIFF]5T OR :O HAVE NOT ! OPPORTUNITY TO BE PRES5T AT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MEET+S4 ,! POPUL> AGITATION CULL$ = BY ?OSE OPPON5TS ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION F\ND 9 \R RANKS WILL BE MO/ EFFICI5TLY C>RI$ ON BY AN ACTIVE & 5]GETIC ADVOCACY 9 ,P>LIAM5T ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! PROLET>IAT1 & )\T SUPPLY+ \R 5EMIES ) AN ACCUSATION ?AT WE FAIL TO DO ! WORK WE HAVE VOLUNT>Y UND]TAK540 

,DR4 ,MULL] 9 HIS V]Y 9T]E/+ PAMPHLET 7,D] ,KLASS5KAMPF 9 D] DEUTS*5 ,SOZIALDEMOKRATIE1 P1 #c#h7 DELIV]S ! FOLL[+ P]T95T & JU/ CRITICISM ON ! QUE/ION AT ISSUE3 

0,WE F9D !N ?AT ! FE> ( BE+ ACCUS$1 BY ! MASS ( 9DIFF]5T VOT]S1 ( NEGLECT+ !IR P>LIAM5T>Y DUTIES 7& ?US ( RUNN+ A RISK ( NOT BE+ REELECT$7 CON/ITUTES ONE ( ! REASONS :Y MEMB]S MU/ DEVOTE !MSELVES CON/ANTLY TO PRACTICAL WORK 9 ,P>LIAM5T4 ,EVID5TLY :5 !Y HAVE P]SUAD$ ! ELECTORS ?AT ,P>LIAM5T CAN BE/[ PALLIATIVES IT IS !IR DUTY TO DO ALL !Y CAN TO OBTA9 SU* B5EFITS4 ,BUT ?AT ! PROLET>IAT CAN EV] GET FROM ,P>LIAM5T ANY CONSID]ABLE AMELIORATION ( !IR CONDITION1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S !MSELVES DO NOT BELIEVE1 & !Y HAVE SAID SO (T5 5\<4 ,& YET !Y HAVE ! IMPUD5CE TO GIVE ! NAMES ( 'AGITATION' & 'DEVELOPM5T ( ! MASSES' TO ?AT FRAUD1 ?AT SW9DLE ( ! WORK]S4 ,WE CONT5D ?AT SU* AGITATION & DEVELOPM5T DOES H>M1 & 9/EAD ( BE+ USEFUL TO1 IT VITIATES ! :OLE #h MOVEM5T4 ,IF ,P>LIAM5T BE CONT9UALLY EXTOLL$ AS A POSSIBLE B5EFIC5T AG5CY1 H[ CAN WE EXPECT TO CONV]T ! 9DIFF]5T MASSES 9TO SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 :O >E ! MORTAL FOES ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 & SEE 9 P>LIAM5T>Y SOCIAL RE=M ONLY A MON/] HUMBUG ( ! RUL+ CLASSES TO DEFRAUD ! WORK]S4 ,BY SU* ME?ODS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY WILL NEV] CONV]T ! WORK]S1 BUT ! B\RGEOISIE WILL CORRUPT & DEFEAT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ITS PR9CIPLES40 

,NOBODY HAS EXPRESS$ HIMSELF MORE CLE>LY ON ! FUTILITY ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION ?AN ,LIEBKNE*T HIMSELF1 BUT IT WAS ! REVOLUTION>Y ,LIEBKNE*T ( #a#h#f#i1 & NOT ! P>LIAM5T>IZ$ ,LIEBKNE*T ( #a#h#i#d4 ,9 HIS 9T]E/+ TREATISE UPON ! POLICY ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY1 ESPECIALLY 9 ITS RELATION TO ,P>LIAM5T1 HE USES ! FOLL[+ LANGUAGE3 

0,! ,PROGRESSIVE P>TY AF=D US AN EXAMPLE FULL ( 9/RUCTION & W>N+4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! SO-CALL$ CONFLICT OV] ! ,PRUSSIAN CON/ITUTION !Y 9DULG$ 9 'GR& & POT5T' SPEE*ES4 ,) :AT 5]GY !Y PROTE/$ AGA9/ ! RECON/RUCTION -- 9 WORDS6 ,) :AT OV]:ELM+ S5TIM5T & ) :AT ABILITY !Y UND]TOOK TO DEF5D ! RI<TS ( ! PEOPLE -- 9 WORDS6 ,BUT ! GOV]NM5T CALMLY DISREG>D$ ALL !IR LEGISLATIVE IDEAS4 ,IT LEFT ! LAW TO ! ,PROGRESSIVE P>TY1 BUT RETA9+ 9 ITS [N H& ALL ! RES\RCES ( CIVILIZATION1 US$ !M4 ,& :AT ( ! ,PROGRESSIVE P>TY8 ,9/EAD ( ?R[+ ASIDE P>LIAM5T>Y WEAPONS1 PROV$ TO BE USELESS & A HOLL[ MOCK]Y1 9/EAD ( LEAV+ ! H\SE1 & =C+ ! GOV]NM5T TO DESPOTIC ACTION1 9/EAD ( APPEAL+ TO ! PEOPLE1 !Y S]5ELY W5T ON AS BE=E1 DRUNK ) !IR [N V]BOSITY1 ?R[+ 9TO ! EMPTY AIR WORDY PROTE/S & LEGAL DISQUISITIONS1 & PASS+ RESOLUTIONS ?AT EV]YBODY KNEW TO BE GAS & NO?+ MORE4 ,?US ,P>LIAM5T 9/EAD ( BE+ A POLITICAL >5A BECAME ! HOME ( BURLESQUE3 CITIZ5S HE>D EV]LA/+LY ! SAME SPEE*ES1 NEV] SAW ANY RESULTS FROM !M1 & TURN$ AWAY1 AT FIR/ ) 9DIFF]5CE1 AFT]W>DS ) DISGU/4 ,! EV5TS ( ! YE> #ahff W]E ALL[$ TO HAPP54 ,! 'GR& & POT5T' SPEE*ES ( ! ,PRUSSIAN ,PROGRESSIVE P>TY MADE ! OPPORTUNITY = ! POLICY ( 'BLOOD & IRON1' & !Y W]E ALSO ! FUN]AL ORATIONS ( ! ,PROGRESSIVE P>TY ITSELF4 ,! P>TY 9 V]Y TRU? KILL$ ITSELF BY ITS SPEE*ES40 

,JU/ AS DID ! ,PROGRESSIVE P>TY 9 DAYS GONE BY4 SO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY >E ACT+ TO-DAY4 ,H[ 9SIGNIFICANT HAS BE5 ! 9FLU5CE ( ,LIEBKNECT ON HIS P>TY1 :5 9 SPITE ( ! W>N+S UTT]$ BY HIMSELF1 IT HAS PURSU$ ! SAME FOOLI% C\RSE4 ,& 9 PLACE ( %[+ ! BETT] WAY1 IT HAS ALL[$ ITSELF TO BE DRAGG$ 9TO ! MAEL/ROM ( POLITICS1 !RE HOPELESSLY TO F\ND]4 

,:]E >E WE TO LOOK = ! REVOLUTION>Y ,LIEBKNE*T :O WAS WONT /R5U\SLY TO MA9TA9 ?AT 0,SOCIALISM IS NO LONG] A MATT] ( !ORY BUT A BURN+ QUE/ION :I* MU/ BE SETTL$1 NOT 9 ,P>LIAM5T BUT 9 ! /REET & ON ! BATTLEFIELD1 LIKE EV]Y O!R BURN+ QUE/ION80 ,ALL ! DOCTR9ES PROMULGAT$ 9 HIS TREATISE >E DES]V+ ( ! WIDE/ POSSIBLE CIRCULATION1 SO ?AT EV]Y ONE MAY BE ABLE TO WEI< ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! BRAVE *AMPION ( ! PROLET>IAT :O LIV$ YE>S AGO1 & ! %OPKEEP]S' REPRES5TATIVE ( TO-DAY4 ,AFT] HAV+ SAID ?AT 0) UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 TO VOTE OR NOT TO VOTE IS ONLY A QUE/ION ( EXP$I5CY NOT ( PR9CIPLE10 HE CONCLUDES3 

0,\R SPEE*ES CANNOT HAVE ANY DIRECT 9FLU5CE UPON LEGISLATION4 

0,WE %ALL NOT CONV]T ,P>LIAM5T ) WORDS4 

0,BY \R SPEE*ES WE CAN ONLY SCATT] TRU?S AMONG ! PEOPLE ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO PROCLAIM MORE EFFECTIVELY 9 ANO!R WAY4 

0,( :AT S]VICE !N >E SPEE*ES 9 ,P>LIAM5T8 ,NONE4 ,& TO TALK M]ELY = ! SAKE ( TALK+ IS ! BUS9ESS ( FOOLS6 

,?9K ( IT 3 ,NOT A S+LE ADVANTAGE4 ,& H]E1 ON ! O!R H&1 >E ! DISADVANTAGES3 

0,SACRIFICE OR COMPROMISE ( PR9CIPLES2 DEGRADATION ( A SUBLIME POLITICAL /RUGGLE 9TO ! DISCUSSION ( A DEBAT+ SOCIETY2 & 5C\RAGEM5T ( ! IDEA AMONG ! PEOPLE ?AT ! ,BISM>CKIAN ,P>LIAM5T IS DE/9$ TO SETTLE ! SOCIAL QUE/ION4 

0,& = PRACTICAL REASONS1 %\LD WE CONC]N \RSELVES ) ,P>LIAM5T8 ,ONLY TREA*]Y OR /UPIDITY C\LD P]SUADE US TO DO SO40 

,WE C\LD NOT GIVE UTT]ANCE TO \R CONVICTIONS MORE =CIBLY OR MORE EXACTLY4 ,BUT M>K ! NOTABLE 9CONSI/5CY4 ,ACCORD+ TO HIS PREMISES1 & AFT] HAV+ RECKON$ UP ALL ! PR(ITS & LOSSES FLATLY TO ! DISCR$IT ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 HE MI<T BE EXPECT$ 9EVITABLY TO HAVE GIV5 A V]DICT 9 FAVOR ( NONP>TICIPATION4 ,H[EV] HE DELIV]S HIMSELF AS FOLL[S3 0,TO PREV5T ! ,SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T SU/A9+ ,CAES>ISM1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ,SOCIALISM %\LD 5T] 9TO ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE40 ,IT IS PA/ COMPREH5SION H[ SO LOGICAL A M9D CAN ?US BURY ITSELF 9 CONTRADICTIONS6 

,BUT !Y >E !MSELVES 9 D\BT & CONFUSION4 ,EVID5TLY P>LIAM5T>IANISM IS ! BAIT BY :I* ! CAT* ( FI% MU/ BE OBTA9$1 CU$ YET !Y TRY TO MAKE IT LOOK AS IF IT W]E A DESIRABLE ?+ 9 ITSELF1 AN 5D AS WELL AS A MEANS4 ,!NCE ! DUBIETY & 9DECISION ON ! QUE/ION4 ,= 9/ANCE AT ! ,]FURT CONGRESS ,BEBEL SAID 3 

0,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY DIFF]S FROM ALL PREC$+ P>TIES1 9ASMU* AS !Y HAVE ALL BE5 E/ABLI%$ = A TOTALLY DIFF]5T 5D4 ,WE AIM TO REPLACE CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION BY SOCIALI/IC PRODUCTION1 & >E CONSEQU5TLY OBLIG$ TO PURSUE \R OBJECTS BY WAYS & MEANS RADICALLY OPPOS$ TO ALL PREC$+ P>TIES40 70,PROTOKOLL10 P4 #b#e74 

,P]HAPS ?AT IS :Y !Y ADVISE US TO TAKE ! P>LIAM5T>Y ROAD1 ! WAY PURSU$ BY ALL ! O!R P>TIES1 & :Y !Y TELL US IT WILL LEAD US 9 QUITE A DIFF]5T DIRECTION4 ,S+] F\ND HIMSELF 9 A SIMIL> DILEMMA :5 HE SAID AT ,]FURT3 0,SUPPOS+ ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO OBTA9 ANY?+ VALUABLE ?R\< P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 ?AT ACTION W\LD NECESS>ILY WEAK5 ! P>TY1 S9CE ANY POSSIBLE ADVANTAGE CAN ONLY BE OBTA9$ BY MEANS ( ! COOP]ATION ( P>TIES40 70,IDEM10 P4 #a#i#i74 

,ISOLAT$1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MEMB]S CAN DO NO?+1 & 0A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY %\LD HOLD ALO( FROM ANY K9D ( POLICY :I* CAN ONLY BE PURSU$ ) ! ASSI/ANCE ( O!R P>TIES40 ,:AT BUS9ESS !N HAVE !Y 9 SU* A ,P>LIAM5T8 

,! ,ZURI*] ,SOZIALDEMOKRAT WROTE 9 #a#h#h#c3 0,P>LIAM5T>IANISM AS A G5]AL RULE %[S NO?+ :I* CAN BE VIEW$ ) SYMPA?Y BY A ,DEMOCRAT1 ESPECIALLY BY A ?OR\< ,DEMOCRAT1 ?AT IS A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT4 ,= HIM1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 IT IS ANTIDEMOCRATIC BECAUSE IT MEANS ! SUPREMACY ( A CLASS1 MO/LY ! MIDDLE #a CLASS40 ,& AGA9 IT AFFIRMS ?AT 0! /RUGGLE AGA9/ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION IS NOT REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT REACTION>Y40 ,?AT IS TO SAY QUITE ! OPPOSITE4 ,! RISK ( COMPROMISE WAS APP>5T1 & IF ! GOV]NM5T HAD NOT BE5 OBLIG+ 5\< TO DI/URB ?AT CONDITION ( ?+S BY ! LAW AGA9/ ,SOCIALI/S1 :O KN[S :]E WE W\LD N[ /&8 ,IF !RE HAD BE5 A REAL /ATESMAN AT ! HEAD ( AFFAIRS HE W\LD HAVE GIV5 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY A FREE H& & ROPE 5\< ) :I* TO HANG ITSELF4 

,) MU* TRU? ! ABOVE-M5TION$ PAP] 9 #ahha WROTE AS FOLL[S3 0,! ANTI-SOCIALI/ LAW HAS DONE MU* = \R P>TY1 :I* /OOD 9 DANG] ( 5FEEBLEM5T4 ,! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY HAD BECOME TOO PLIABLE1 TOO POPUL>2 IT LATT]LY HAD OP5$ ! DOOR TO AMBITION & P]SONAL VANITY4 ,TO PREV5T IT BECOM+ A MIDDLE-CLASS P>TY1 9 !ORY AS WELL AS 9 ACTION1 IT WAS ESS5TIAL ?AT IT %\LD EXP]I5CE P]SECUTION40 

,B]N/E9 SAID SOME?+ SIMIL> 9 ! ,LEHRBU* FUR ,SOZIALWISS5S*AFT3 0,9 ! LAT] YE>S ( ITS EXI/5CE 7BE=E #a#h#g#h7 ! P>TY HAD W&]$ F> FROM ! DIRECT ROAD1 SO ?AT ! PROPAG&A WAS N[ V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ?AT ( #a#h#f-#a#h#g & ( ! YE>S IMM$IATELY FOLL[+ #a#h#g40 

,A SMALL SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC %EET TOO1 $IT$ BY AN 5LI<T5$ SOCIALI/1 ,A4 ,/ECK1 WROTE AS FOLL[S3 

0,!RE >E COMP>ATIVELY FEW :O ?9K ?AT LOGICALLY ! :OLE P>TY %\LD =SAKE ITS PR9CIPLES1 AS IT W\LD BY A UNION ( ! ACTIVE & SCI5TIFIC ,M>XIANS ) ! MOD]ATE DISCIPLES ( ,LASSALLE4 ,! WAT*WORD ( ! ,LASSALLEANS -- ',?R\< UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE TO VICTORY '-- A MOTTO (T5 RIDICUL$ BY ! ,M>XIANS BE=E !IR SURR5D]1 N[ CON/ITUTES 9 V]Y TRU? -- %AME ?AT WE %\LD SAY IT -- ! GUID+ PR9CIPLE ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY40 

,IT WAS JU/ ! SAME ) ! E>LY ,*RI/IANS4 ,AT FIR/ ! V>I\S S*OOLS ( ?\<T W]E 9 /RONG OPPOSITION4 ,DO WE NOT READ ?AT ! W>-CRIES W]E4 0,I AM ( ,PAUL10 0,I AM ( ,CEPHAS10 0,I AM ( ,APOLLOS40 ,GRADUALLY !IR DIFF]5CES BECAME LESS PRON\NC$1 !Y BECAME MORE FRI5DLY4 ,OPPOS+ DOCTR9ES W]E RECONCIL$ & AT LA/ ONE SA9TS' DAY WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 HONOR BO? ( ,PET] & ,PAUL4 ,! ANTAGONI/IC DISCIPLES W]E UNIT$1 BUT AT :AT A SACRIFICE ( PR9CIPLE6 

,V]Y REM>KABLE IS ! ANALOGY BETWE5 PRIMITIVE ,*RI/IANITY & MOD]N ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,BO? F\ND !IR DISCIPLES AMONG ! POOR1 ! \TCA/S ( SOCIETY4 ,BO? W]E SUBJECT TO P]SECUTION & SUFF]+2 & YET BO? GREW 9 NUMB]S & IMPORTANCE 9 SPITE ( OPPRESSION4 ,9 ! FULLNESS ( TIME CAME AN EMP]OR1 ONE ( ! MO/ LIC5TI\S :O EV] CLIMB$ ! /EPS ( A ?RONE 7& ?AT IS NO SMALL ?+ TO SAY1 = LIC5TI\SNESS IS AT LEAVE ON A ?RONE71 :O AS A MATT] ( POLICY BECAME A ,*RI/IAN4 ,IMM$IATELY A *ANGE TOOK PLACE1 ! SALI5T PO9TS ( ,*RI/IANITY W]E RUBB$ (F1 & IT WAS MADE POPUL>4 ,ITS ADH]5TS OBTA9$ ! MO/ LUCRATIVE PO/S 9 ! /ATE1 & OR?ODOX & S9C]E DISCIPLES W]E BANI%$ AS H]ETICS FROM ! ,*RI/IAN COMMUNITY4 

,SIMIL>LY 9 \R DAY WE SEE ! SELFI% & ! P[]FUL 5DEAVOR+ TO NOBBLE ,SOCIALISM4 0,WE >E ALL #aa ,SOCIALI/S N[10 & WE F9D ! DOCTR9E MADE ACCEPTABLE TO EV]Y PALATE2 & IF WE GIVE !M ! *ANCE ! OPPORTUNI/S WILL TRIUMPH1 :ILE ?OR\< & UNCOMPROMIS+ ,SOCIALI/S WILL BE EXCOMMUNICAT$ FROM ! POLITICAL P>TY1 SIMPLY BECAUSE !IR UNB5D+ /RAI<T=W>DNESS IS REG>D$ AS HO/ILE TO ! S*EMES ( ! M5 PLOTT+ = PLACE & P[]4 ,! VICTORY ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY WILL ?US MEAN ! DEFEAT ( ,SOCIALISM4 JU/ AS ! SUPREMACY 9 ! /ATE ( ! ,*RI/IAN *UR* WAS CONTEMPORANE\S ) ! DECAY ( ,*RI/IAN PR9CIPLES4 ,ALREADY 9T]NATIONAL CONGRESSES >E LIKE ECONOMIC C\NCILS1 :]E ! MAJORITY PRESUME TO EXPEL ?OSE :O >E BOLD 5\< TO DIFF] FROM !M 9 OP9ION4 ,EV5 N[ !RE IS A C5SOR%IP APPLI$ TO SOCIALI/ WRIT+ 2 ONLY AFT] ,B]N/E9 9 ,LONDON HAS EXAM9$ IT1 & ,5GELS HAS PLAC$ ON IT ! SEAL ( OR?ODOXY1 IS ! P5-WORK REG>D$ AS CANONICAL & P]MITT$ TO BE PUBLI%$ AMONG ! FAI?FUL4 ,! =M ( CRE$ 9 :I* ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS TO 5%R9$ IS RIPE = PROMULGATION4 ,:AT MORE CAN !Y DO8 ,AH6 :O CAN SAY8 ,AT ANY RATE WE HAVE S\ND$ ! AL>M & WE %ALL SEE H[ F> !SE ABSURD PRET5SIONS WILL BE C>RI$4 

,9DE$ !Y CAN GO F>4 ,NOT LONG AGO ,CAPRIVI 9 A JOCUL> SPIRIT CALL$ ,BEBEL 0,REGI]UNGSKOMMISS>IUS01 & AL?\< ,BEBEL REPLI$ 0,WE HAVE NOT SPOK5 AS GOV]NM5T COMMISSION]S1 BUT GOV]NM5TS HAVE ADOPT$ ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MEASURES10 EV]YBODY SEES ! PO9T1 & ! 9CID5T IS AN 9V9CIBLE PRO( ( H[ CLOSELY ! ONCE ANTAGONI/IC P>TIES HAVE DRAWN TOGE!R1 & SUGGE/$ ?AT ! SPIRIT ( FRAT]NIZATION MAY WORK WOND]S4 

,!RE IS NO?+ SURPRIS+ 9 ! FACT ?AT ! BOLD SAY+ 0,NOT A MAN NOR A F>?+ TO ! GOV]NM5T0 IS QUITE \T ( DATE1 & ,BEBEL 9DE$ PROMIS$ HIS SUPPORT TO ! GOV]NM5T :51 TO MEET ! NEW SITUATION CREAT$ BY ! 9V5TION ( SMOKELESS P[D]1 IT ASK$ = A GIANT TO PROVIDE D>K UNI=MS TO ! >MY4 ,IF !Y YIELD TO MILIT>ISM ! S['S TAIL IT WILL SEIZE ! :OLE HOG4 ,TO-DAY !Y VOTE CR$ITS = D>K UNI=MS1 TO-MORR[ = IMPROV$ >TILL]Y1 & ! DAY AFT] = AN ADDITIONAL >MY CORPS1 ETC41 ALWAYS ) ! SAME JU/IFICATION4 

,YES1 COMPROMISE ( PR9CIPLE M>*$ 9 /EP ) SUCCESS AT ! POLLS1 SO ?AT AT L5G? ! EXPLOIT+ CLASSES F\ND ?AT AN ANTISOCIALI/ LAW WAS NOT NE$$4 ,WE W\LD HE SIMPLE 9DE$ TO IMAG9E ?AT !Y REPEAL$ ! LAW FROM A S5SE ( ITS 9JU/ICE6 ,IT WAS ! 9(F5SIV5ESS ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ?AT BR\<T AB\T ! ABOLITION2 & DO NOT SUBSEQU5T EV5TS GO F> TO PROVE ?AT !Y HAD WEI<$ UP ! P>TY TO A NICETY 8 ,HAS NOT ITS DEG5]ACY S9CE !N MADE PROGRESS ) LEAPS & B\NDS8 

,LIEBKNE*T 9 #ahgd ?US SUMM$ UP ! POLITICAL SITUATION3 

0,EV]Y ATTEMPT AT ACTION 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 EV]Y EF=T TO HELP 9 ! WORK ( LEGISLATION1 NECESSITATES SOME AB&ONM5T ( \R PR9CIPLES1 DEPOSITS US UPON ! SLOPE ( COMPROMISE & ( POLITICAL GIVE-&-TAKE4 TILL AT LA/ WE F9D \RSELVES 9 ! TREA*]\S BOG ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 :I* BY ITS F\LNESS KILLS EV]Y?+ ?AT IS HEAL?Y40 

,NOT)/&+1 :AT IS ! UP%OT ( ALL ?IS SE>*+ ( HE>T8 ,:Y1 WE RESOLVE TO GO ON WORK+ AT ! DIRTY BUS9ESS4 ,SURELY ?AT CONCLUSION IS 9 #ab DIRECT OPPOSITION TO ! PREMISES4 & WE >E SURPRIS$ ?AT A ?9K] LIKE ,LIEBKNE*T DOES NOT P]CEIVE ?AT BY HIS CONCLUSION HE DE/ROYS ! :OLE /RUCTURE ( HIS >GUM5T4 ,ADMIRE ! LOGIC IF Y\ CAN4 ,V]Y SUGGE/IVE >E ! FOLL[+ REM>KS ( ,/ECK ON ! TWO ME?ODS ( WORK1 ! P>LIAM5T>Y & ! REVOLUTION>Y3 

0,! P>TY ( RE=M W\LD A*IEVE POLITICAL P[] JU/ AFT] ! /YLE ( ANY B\RGEOIS P>TY4 ,= ?AT PURPOSE IT AVOIDS ISOLATION1 DOES NOT PRES5T TO ! WORLD ANY PROGRAM ( PR9CIPLES1 & ADVANCES T[>DS ITS OBJECT MU* ! SAME AS ANY O!R POLITICAL P>TY1 ,IT IS 9DEF9ITE ON ALL SIDES 9 ITS WORK+ & 9 ITS SCOPE4 ,SOMETIMES H]E & !RE1 BUT V]Y R>ELY1 IT ACTS AS MI<T A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 BUT ALMO/ ALWAYS IT REVEALS ITSELF AS A ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 AN ,ECONOMIC ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 OR A ,WORKM5'S ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY4 

0,! PROGRESSIVE DEMOCRACY SEEKS ITS 5D 9 ! ACQUISITION ( PALLIATIVE RE=MS1 AS IF ?AT W]E ITS SOLE OBJECT4 ,IT ACCEPTS !M ?ANKFULLY FROM ! B\RGEOIS1) ALL ! MODIFICATIONS & R$UCTIONS ?\<T NECESS>Y BY ! DONORS4 ,IT SEEKS ALLIANCE1 IF POSSIBLE ) ! MORE PROGRESSIVE ELEM5TS ( ! MIDDLE-CLASS P>TIES4 ,9 ?IS WAY IT IS ONLY RECOGNIZ$ AS ! HEAD & =EFRONT ( MIDDLE-CLASS RE=M4 ,!RE IS NO GULF BETWE5 IT & ! ORD9>Y POLITICAL FACTIONS ( ! PROGRESSIVE TYPE1 BECAUSE IT NO LONG] PROCLAIMS ! REVOLUTION>Y PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 ,?AT K9D ( TACTICS MAY A*IEVE SOME SMALL SUCCESS1 SU* AS ! O!R P>TIES MI<T OBTA92 ONLY SU* SUCCESS1 MEASUR$ BY \R PROGRAM ( PR9CIPLES1 IS V]Y SMALL & (T5 ( D\BTFUL UTILITY1 & AT ITS BE/ IT MAY BE ( ! COLOR BUT IT IS NOT ( ! ESS5CE ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY4 

0,WE MU/ NOT FANCY1 H[EV]1 ?AT A MATT] ( TACTICS IS UNIMPORTANT4 ,! RISK ( LOS+ SI<T ( ! *IEF 5D ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY IS GREAT1 AL?\< LESS TO BE DREAD$ AMONG ! LEAD]S ?AN AMONG ! RANK & FILE4 ,BUT ! TEMPOR>Y ECLIPSE ( ! SOCIALI/IC IDEAL IS ALREADY P]CEPTIBLE1 *IEFLY FROM ! FACT ?AT ! M9DS ( ! PEOPLE >E B5T ON ! ACQUISITION ( PALLIATIVE RE=MS1 :I* HAVE BE5 RAT$ AT F> MORE ?AN !IR 9TR9SIC VALUE4 

0,AGA9 IT IS UNQUE/IONABLE ?AT ! HABITUAL RESORT TO COMPROMISE NOT ONLY H9D]S BUT AGGRESSIVELY DAMAGES ! PROPAG&A = ! PR9CIPLES ( SOCIALISM1 & PREV5TS ITS HEAL?Y DEVELOPM5T4 ,(T5 ACTIVE WORK]S 9 ! CAUSE >E 9DUC$ TO B>T] !IR PR9CIPLES = SOME IMM$IATE POLITICAL ADVANTAGE4 

0,IF ?IS COMPROMIS+ SPIRIT 9 ! P>TY BE ALL[$ TO HAVE ! ASC5DANCY IT MI<T EASILY HAPP5 ?AT GRAV] CONSEQU5CE W\LD 5SUE1 & P]HAPS EV5 SOME >RANGEM5T MI<T BE MADE ) ! CONS]VATIVE P>TIES BY :I* A SLI<TLY AMELIORAT$ =M ( ! PRES5T SOCIAL ORD] W\LD HE TOL]AT$4 ,! EFFECT ( SU* A /ATE ( ?+S W\LD BE A R$UCTION ( PRIVILEGES & AN 9CREASE 9 ! NUMB] ( A /ILL PRIVILEG$ CLASS2 IT W\LD IMPROVE ! SOCIAL POSITION ( A L>GE NUMB] AT ! 9EVITABLE EXP5SE ( ! EXPLOIT$ MASSES1 :OSE POSITION W\LD /ILL BE ONE ( ECONOMIC SUBJECTION4 

0,IT W\LD NOT BE ! FIR/ TIME A REVOLUTION>Y AGITATION HAS BE5 BR\<T TO AN 5D BY SATISFY+ ONE SECTION ( ! DISCONT5T$ AT ! EXP5SE #ac ( ! O!R SECTIONS4 ,BESIDES IT IS QUITE 9 KEEP+ ) ! ACTION ( POLITICAL RE=M]S TO REFRA9 FROM UPSETT+ CAPITALISM1 & SL[LY TO TRANS=M IT & MAKE IT BY DEGREES MORE TOL]ABLE TO ! SOCIALI/IC SPIRIT ( ! AGE4 

0,9 REPLY TO ! ASS]TION ?AT ! ORGANIZ$ PROLET>IAT W\LD NOT BE SATISFI$ ) A P>TIAL SUCCESS1 BUT W\LD 9SI/1 9 SPITE ( LEAD]S1 9 OBTA9+ ITS COMPLETE EMANCIPATION1 !RE /&S \T ! FACT ?AT GRADUALLY ! PROLET>IAT IS BE+ DIVID$ AGA9/ ITSELF1 & ?AT A HI<] CLASS IS BE+ EVOLV$ FROM ITS RANKS1 AN '>I/OCRACY ( LABOR1' ?AT WILL HAVE ! P[] TO BLOCK REVOLUTION>Y MEASURES4 ,A KE5 EYE CAN ALREADY DISC]N H]E & !RE SYMPTOMS ( SU* A DIVISION4 

0,! REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 ON ! O!R H&1 DESIRES TO OBTA9 POLITICAL P[] 9 ! NAME ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY ONLY1 & ) ! P>TY'S GR& OBJECT 9SCRIB$ UPON ITS BANN]4 ,IT WILL BE OBLIG$ = A LONG TIME TO /RUGGLE AS A M9ORITY1 TO 5DURE DEFEAT AFT] DEFEAT1 & TO SUFF] BITT] P]SECUTION4 ,BUT ULTIMATELY ITS TRIUMPH WILL BE UNDILUT$ & COMPLETE1 = A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY WILL BE 9 EXI/5CE & SUPREME40 

,/ECK LIKEWISE RECOGNIZES ?AT 09 REALITY ! REVOLUTION>Y ME?OD IS ! MO/ DIRECT40 0,\R P>TY10 SAYS HE1 0\<T TO BE REVOLUTION>Y 9SOMU* AS IT POSSESSES A DECID$LY REVOLUTION>Y PROGRAM1 & ?AT IT REVEALS SU* A *>ACT] 9 ALL ITS POLITICAL MANIFE/OES & MEASURES4 ,LET \R PROPAG&A & \R CLAIMS BE = EV] REVOLUTION>Y4 ,LET US M$ITATE CONT9UALLY ON \R SUBLIME PURPOSE1 & LET US ALWAYS NET AS BECOMES ?OSE DEVOT$ TO SU* AN IDEAL4 ,! /RAI<T ROAD IS ! BE/4 ,LET US = EV] BE & REMA91 9 LIFE AS 9 DEA?1 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS & NO O!R4 ,SO WILL ! FUTURE BE \RS40 

,N[1 !RE >E TWO PO9TS ( VIEW TAK5 BY ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/S4 ,SOME !RE >E :O DESIRE TO OBTA9 POLITICAL P[] 9 ORD] TO POSSESS !MSELVES ( ECONOMIC P[]S2 & ?AT IS ! PR(ESS$ OBJECT ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 AS WITNESS ! =MAL DECL>ATIONS ( ,BEBEL1 ,LIEBKNE*T1 & O!RS4 ,BUT WE ALSO F9D !RE >E ?OSE :O WILL ONLY 5GAGE 9 POLITICAL & P>LIAM5T>Y ACTIONS AS A MEANS ( AGITATION4 ,= !M ALL ELECTIONS >E M]ELY 9/RUM5TS ( PROPAG&A4 ,BUT H]E IS ! DANG] ( COQUETRY ) EVIL3 A DOOR %\LD BE EI!R OP5 OR %UT4 ,WE COMM5CE BY NOM9AT+ C&IDATES = PURPOSES ( PROTE/1 BUT AS ! MOVEM5T GETS /RONG] !Y BECOME S]I\S C&IDATES ,AT FIR/ ,SOCIALI/ MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T ASSUME AN IRRECONCILEABLE ATTITUDE1 HUT :5 !IR NUMB]S 9CREASE !Y 9TRODUCE BILLS & TRY TO 9ITIATE LEGISLATION4 ,9 ORD] TO MAKE !IR PROJECTS SUCCESSFUL !Y >E =C$ TO 5T] 9TO COMPROMISES1 AS ,S+] HAS WELL REM>K$4 ,IT IS ! FIR/ /EP :I* CO/S1 & ONCE ON ! SLOPE !Y >E OBLIG$ TO DESC5D4 ,IS NOT ! PRACTICAL PROGRAM AU?ORIZ$ AT ,]FURT ALMO/ ! SAME AS ?AT ( ! ,FR5* ,RADICALS8 ,IS !RE A S+LE SUBJECT 9 ! WORK ( ! LAT] 9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESSES :I* IS DEF9ITELY ,SOCIALI/8 ,! REAL & C5TRAL IDEAL ( ,SOCIALISM IS RELEGAT$ = ITS FULFILLM5T TO A DI/ANT FUTURE1 & 9 ! MEANTIME LABOR IS SP5T ON PALTRY PALLIATIVES1 :I* C\LD JU/ AS READILY BE OBTA9$ ?R\< ! ,RADICALS4 

,TO PUT ! CASE ) UNDRESS$ C&OR1 ! REASON+ ( #ad ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/S IS AS FOLL[S3 ,WE MU/ FIR/ OBTA9 AMONG ! VOT]S A MAJORITY1 :I* WILL !N S5D ,SOCIALI/ REPRES5TATIVES TO ,P>LIAM5T1 & :5EV] WE HAVE A MAJORITY 9 ! ,H\SE1 EV5 ( ONE4 ! TRICK IS DONE4 ,WE HAVE ONLY !N TO MAKE SU* LAWS AS WE WI% = ! COMMON GOOD4 

,EV5 LOS+ SI<T ( A COMMON =M ( OB/RUCTION 9 MO/ C\NTRIES1 A SECOND OR RA!R A FIF? :EEL TO ! P>LIAM5T>Y *>IOT1 KN[N AS ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS1 A ,S5ATE1 OR AN ,UPP] ,*AMB]1 ( :I* ! MEMB]S >E 9V>IABLY ! UNB5D+ & >BITR>Y REPRES5TATIVES ( CAPITAL1 WE W\LD BE V]Y SILLY TO ?9K ?AT ! EXECUTIVE GOV]NM5T W\LD GET 9TO A SWEAT 9 C>RY+ \T ! WI%ES ( A ,SOCIALI/ MAJORITY 9 ! ,L[] ,*AMB]4 ,?IS IS ! WAY ,LIEBKNE*T RIDICULES SU* AN IDEA3 

0,LET US SUPPOSE ?AT GOV]NM5T DOES NOT 9T]F]E1 P]HAPS 9 QUIET ASSURANCE ( ITS 9NATE /R5G?1 P]HAPS AS A MATT] ( POLICY1 & AT LA/ ! DREAM ( SOME IMAG9ATIVE ,SOCIALI/ POLITICIANS COMES TRUE1 & !RE IS A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY 9 ,P>LIAM5T -- :AT W\LD HAPP58 ,H]E IS ! ,RUBICON3 IT MU/ BE CROSS$6 ,N[ HAS COME ! MOM5T = RE=M+ SOCIETY & ! /ATE6 ,! MAJORITY MAKES UP ITS M9D TO DO SOME?+ ?AT WILL MAKE ! DAY & ! H\R MEMORABLE 9 HI/ORY -- ! NEW ]A IS AB\T TO />T6 ,O1 NO?+ ( ! K9D 444 ,A COMPANY ( SOLDI]S BIDS ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC MAJORITY BEGONE OR BE *UCK$1 & IF !SE G5TLEM5 DO NOT LEAVE QUICKLY A FEW POLICEM5 WILL %[ !M ! WAY TO ! ,/ATE PRISON1 :]E !Y WILL HAVE AMPLE TIME TO REFLECT ON !IR QUIXOTIC CONDUCT4 ,REVOLUTIONS >E NOT MADE BY P]MISSION ( ! GOV]NM5T2 ! ,SOCIALI/IC IDEA CANNOT BE REALIZ$ )9 ! SPH]E ( ! EXI/+ ,/ATE1 :I* MU/ BE ABOLI%$ BE=E ! FETUS ( ! FUTURE CAN 5T] 9TO VISIBLE LIFE4 ,D[N ) ! WOR%IP ( UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE6 ,LET US TAKE AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ELECTIONS1 BUT ONLY AS A MEANS ( AGITATION1 & LET US NOT =GET TO PROCLAIM ?AT ! RETURN+ (FIC] WILL NEV] ISSUE 9TO ! WORLD ! NEW ,DEMOCRATIC ,/ATE4 ,UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE WILL ONLY ACQUIRE COMPLETE 9FLU5CE OV] ! /ATE & OV] SOCIETY AFT] ! ABOLITION ( POLICE & MILIT>Y GOV]NM5T40-- 7,UEB] DIE POLITIS*E ,/ELLUNG1 PP4 #aa & #a#b47 

,?IS IS TEMP]ATE BUT /RIK+ TE/IMONY ?AT WILL COMM& A P[]FUL ALLEGIANCE4 

,NOBODY IS SIMPLE 5\< TO ?9K ?AT ! EXPLOIT+ CLASS WILL SURR5D] ITS PROP]TY1 OR ?AT ! REALIZATION ( ,SOCIALISM CAN BE EFFECT$ BY ,ACT ( ,P>LIAM5T4 ,AT FIR/ WE TAKE UP POLITICAL ACTION AS A MEANS ( AGITATION1 BUT ONCE ON ! SLOPE WE SLIDE TO ! BOTTOM4 ,AS ,LIEBKNE*T SAID AT ! ,/4 ,GALL ,CONGRESS ( ! P>TY10,LET !RE BE NO MI/AKE1 ONCE WE TAKE P>T 9 ELECTIONS1 WE NOT ONLY 5GAGE 9 AGITATION1 BUT WE EXPOSE ! WEAKNESS & 9EFFICI5CY ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION40 ,BY ALL MEANS LET US PROCE$ TO ASSIMILATE ?AT LESSON 4 ,VOLLM] ON ?IS SUBJECT WAS ! MO/ LOGICAL ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 & HIS PROPOSALS M>K ! C\RSE ( CONDUCT ?AT HIS FELL[-C\NTRYM5 \<T TO FOLL[ 9 ! FUTURE4 7,SEE 0,LES DIV]S C\RANTS DE LA DEMOCRATIE SOCIALI/E ALLEM&E01 ,MONDE N\VELLE1 #hE ANNEE1 T4 #a1 P4 #b#i#e47 

,P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 AS A ME?OD ( TACTICS1 IS F\ND WANT+2 EV5 IF WE C\LD #ae IMPROVE IT1 IT W\LD BE LABOR LO/4 ,LEV]DAYS WORK1 0,LES ,ASSEMBLEES ,P>LANTES10 IS 9 ?IS CONNECTION V]Y 9/RUCTIVE1 & IT DEALS ?OR\<LY ) ! QUE/ION4 ,:Y DO NOT ! APOLOGI/S ( ,P>LIAM5T TRY TO REFUTE ?AT BOOK8 ,LEGISLATIVE *AMB]S OR ,P>LIAM5TS >E AS NE>LY AS POSSIBLE WORD-MILLS1 OR AS ,LEV]DAYS SAYS 0A GOV]NM5T ( PUBLIC *ATT]]S40 ,AN HONE/ MEMB] CONF9+ HIMSELF TO HIS [N EXP]I5CE1 HIS [N VIEWS1 & HIS [N CONVICTIONS W\LD BE AT LEA/ AS CAPABLE AS ANY ORD9>Y M9I/]1 ASSI/$ BY ! SPECIALI/S ( HIS DEP>TM5T4 ,BUT HE MU/ KN[ SOME?+ ( EV]Y?+1 = ! MO/ DIV]G5T SUBJECTS COME BE=E ,P>LIAM5T4 ,HE %\LD BE A LIV+ 5CYCLOP$IA4 ,:AT A PUNI%M5T = ! POOR REPRES5TATIVE :O ATTEMPTS ! TASK -- HIS SIMPLE DUTY -- TO LI/5 TO ALL ! SPEE*ES6 

0,AT ,LA ,HAYE1 :5 Y\ VISIT ! PRISON1 ! JAIL] TELLS Y\ ?AT 9 OLD5 TIMES CRIM9ALS W]E LAID UPON !IR BACK1 & UPON !IR B>E HEAD WAT] FELL DROP BY DROP FROM ! RO(4 ,& ! HONE/ MAN ALWAYS ADD ?AT IT WAS ! MO/ SEV]E ( PUNI%M5T4 ,WELL1 ?AT CRUEL P5ALTY HAS BE5 TRANSF]R$ TO ! ,*AMB] ( ,DEPUTIES1 & A CONSCI5TI\S MEMB] MU/ DAILY UND]GO ! M>TYRDOM TORM5T ( FEEL+ ?AT 9CESSANT DROP1 NOT UPON HIS HEAD BUT 9TO HIS E>1 9 ! =M ( SPEE*ES BY HONORABLE MEMB]S40 

,SU* PUNI%M5T IS PA/ 5DURANCE1 SO !Y HAVE DEVIS$ ALL SORTS ( RECREATION1 SO AS TO R5D] LIFE SUPPORTABLE4 ,!RE IS ! D9+-ROOM1 ! SMOK+-ROOM1 TEA ON ! T]RACE1 ! LIBR>Y1 ! SY/EM ( PAIR+1 FREQU5T & PROLONG$ HOLIDAYS1 ETC41 ,LET US ADD ALSO ?AT IT IS 9DISP5SABLE ?AT A MAN %\LD BE A P>TISAN1 = IF HE W]E TO TRY TO WORK 9 ISOLATION HE W\LD BE ABSOLUTELY )\T 9FLU5CE4 

,ON ! SUBJECT ( ,P>LIAM5TS WE MAY QUOTE ! REM>K ( ,MIRABEAU ON A C]TA9 OCCASION3 ,!Y >E ALWAYS WILL+ BUT !Y NEV] DO ANY?+40 ,! WORDS ( ,LEV]DAYS ALSO M]IT REPRODUCTION3 0,MOD]N ,HOLL&]S IF M5AC$ BY ! 9VAD] W\LD NOT BREAK D[N !IR DYKES AS 9 ! TIME ( ,L\IS ,X,I,V41 & POLITICAL ,HOLL&]S ( TO-DAY W\LD NOT OP5 ! DYKE TO ! REVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO DR[N ! 5EMY4 ,SAVE ! C\NTRY1 IF IT BE POSSIBLE1 BUT AT ALL HAZ>DS PRES]VE ORD]6 ,9 ?IS WAY !Y BETRAY ! MASSES1 TO LEAD !M TO ! SLAU<T]-H\SE4 ,AS A RULE1 IF ! DEF5SE ( A NATION RE/S 9 ! H&S ( EXPLOIT]S ONLY1 Y\ MAY FEEL SURE IT WILL BE SOLD40 

,!RE IS AN 9TIMATE CONNECTION BETWE5 ECONOMIC & POLITICAL FRE$OM1 9ASMU* AS TO EA* FRE% ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T !RE IS A CORRESPOND+ POLITICAL TRANS=MATION4 ,KROPOTK9 HAS MADE ?IS CLE>4 ,ABSOLUTE MON>*Y 9 ! POLITICAL WORLD IS MAT$ ) P]SONAL SLAV]Y & VASSALAGE 9 ECONOMICS4 ,REPRES5TATIVE GOV]NM5T 9 POLITICS GOES ALONG ) ! ECONOMIC SY/EM ( COMM]CIALISM4 ,SOMETIMES !Y >E TWO =MS ( ! SAME PR9CIPLE4 ,A NEW MODE ( PRODUCTION IS NOT F\ND CONSI/5T ) AN \TWORN FA%ION ( CONSUMPTION1 & DOES NOT EXI/ CONTEMPORANE\SLY ) ANTIQUE ME?ODS ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,9 A SOCIETY :]E CAPITALI/ & WORKMAN W\LD BE M]G$ 9 ! SAME 9DIVIDUAL !RE W\LD BE NO NECESSITY = A GOV]NM5T2 IT W\LD BE AN ANA*RONISM1 AN #af IMP$IM5T4 ,FREE WORKM5 NE$ A FREE ORGANIZATION1 :I* IS 9COMPATIBLE ) ! EXI/5CE ( ! /ATESMAN4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( CAPITALISM IMPLIES ! DE/RUCTION ( GOV]NM5T4 

,! ROADS TAK5 BY P>LIAM5T>Y & REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM DO NOT LEAD TO ! SAME DE/RUCTION2 NO1 !Y WAY RUN P>ALLEL BUT !Y WILL NEV] MEET4 

,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALISM MU/ 5D 9 ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM1 AL?\< ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC LEAD]S DO NOT YET RECOGNIZE ! FACT1 & DECL>$ 9 ,B]L9 ?AT ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM >E 9 IRRECONCILABLE OPPOSITION4 ,BUT !Y COMM5CE ) /ATE RAILWAYS1 /ATE APO!C>Y HALLS1 /ATE $UCATION4 ,/ATE OR ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/S DO NOT WANT ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 BUT ! C5TRALIZATION ( PRODUCTION 9 ! H&S ( GOV]NM5T1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?AT ! /ATE %\LD BE ! SUPREME REGULATOR ( 9DU/RY4 ,DO !Y NOT NAME ,GLASG[ & ITS MUNICIPAL UND]TAK+S AS AU EXAMPLE ( PRACTICAL SOCIALISM8 ,EMILE ,V&]VELDE1 9 HIS PAMPHLET 0,LE ,COLLECTIVISME10 MAKES ! SAME CITY S]VE AS A MODEL4 ,WELL1 IF ?AT IS ! BE/ 9/ANCE !Y CAN CITE1 ! HOPES ( PRACTICAL SOCIALISM DO NOT RISE V]Y HI<4 ,! NUMB] ( UNEMPLOY$ !RE IS APPALL+1 ! POPULATION H]DS TOGE!R 9 OV]CR[D$ T5EM5TS4 ,! SAME AU?OR LAUDS ! COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5T 9 ,BELGIUM1 AS IT EXI/S 9 ,BRUSSELS1 ,G&1 ,JOLIMONT1 & SAYS ?AT WE MI<T CALL IT VOLUNT>Y COLLECTIVISM4 ,ALL !SE CASES >E SPECIM5S MORE REPULSIVE ?AN ATTRACTIVE TO HIM :O IS NOT DAZZL$ BY SUP]FICIAL APPE>ANCES1 & WI%ES TO DISCOV] ! TRUE 9W>DNESS ( ?+S4 ,:]EV] ! COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5T PROSP]S IT IS AT ! EXP5SE ( SOCIALISM 2 UNLESS1 AS SOME DO AT ,GANT & ELSE:]E1 WE GIVE ! NAME ( SOCIALI/S TO COOP]ATORS4 ,!RE ! PROLET>IAT APP>5TLY >E AT ! TOP1 AL?\< IT IS !IR EXPLOIT]S :O RULE1 & FRE$OM IS 9DISCOV]ABLE1 JU/ AS 9 /ATE FACTORIES4 

,LIEBKNE*T1 P]CEIV+ ! DANG]1 SAID AT ,B]L9 3 

0,DO Y\ SUPPOSE ?AT IT W\LD BE DISAGREEABLE TO ! ,5GLI% COTTON MANUFACTUR]S ?AT !IR BUS9ESS %\LD BE TRANSF]R$ TO ! ,/ATE8 ,MOREOV] 9 A V]Y %ORT TIME ! ,/ATE WILL F9D ITSELF =C$ TO TAKE OV] & WORK ! M9ES ( ! C\NTRY4 ,EV]Y DAY ! NUMB] ( CAPITALI/S WILL+ TO RESI/ SU* A PROPOSAL BECOMES FEW]4 ,NOT ONLY TRADE BUT EV5 AGRICULTURE WILL 9 C\RSE ( TIME PASS 9TO ! H&S ( ! ,/ATE2 ?AT IS ONE ( ! C]TA9TIES ( ! FUTURE4 ,IF 9 ,G]MANY WE W]E TO TAKE ! SOIL AWAY FROM ! GREAT L&LORDS1 PAY+ !M SUITABLE COMP5SATION & 5GAG+ !M AS GOV]NM5T (FICIALS1 TO BE T]RITORIAL CAPTA9S ( RURAL 9DU/RY1 9 A POSITION EQUIVAL5T TO ?AT ( ! SATRAPS ( ! ANCI5T K+DOM ( ,P]SIA1 W\LD IT NOT BE A BIG BIT ( LUCK = ! NOBLES1 & DON'T Y\ ?9K SOME ( ! %REWDE/ AMONG !M HAVE ALREADY DISC\NT$ ! PROPOSAL8 ,AH YES1 !Y W\LD JUMP AT IT1 = IT W\LD 9CREASE BO? !IR 9FLU5CE & !IR 9COME4 ,BUT ?AT IS ONE ( ! 9EVITABLE RESULTS ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM & MU/ NOT BE DISMISS$ US AN IDLE DREAM40 7,PROTOKOLL1 ,B]L91 P4 #a#g#i74 

,RE/ ASSUR$ ?AT :5 ! DOOM$ CLASS ( EXPLOIT]S & L&LORDS P]CEIVE ?AT COLLECTIVISM IS A FIR/-RATE ?+ = !M1 & ?AT ! ,/ATE IS WILL+ TO BUY \T !IR BANKRUPT CONC]NS1 !Y #ag WILL TUMBLE OV] EA* O!R 9 !IR HA/E TO AVAIL !MSELVES ( ! SPL5DID M>KET AF=D$ BY PRACTICAL SOCIALISM4 ,WE SEE ?AT ,EMILE ,V&]VELDE PROCLAIMS ALREADY ?AT 0LA GR&E 9DU/RIE IS TO BE ! FIELD ( COLLECTIVISM & ?AT IS :Y ! WORK]S' P>TY DEM&S1 & LIMITS ITSELF TO DEM&+ ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! M9ES1 QU>RIES1 & L& ( ! C\NTRY ALONG ) ! PR9CIPLE MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ( TRANSPORT40 ,SO ! SMALL TRAD]S & ME*ANICS MAY RE/ 9 PEACE1 = !IR LITTLE WORLD IS TO BE ! HOME ( FREE ASSOCIATION 3 EV5 ! BIG M5 HAVE NO?+ TO FE>1 = !Y WILL BE WELL RID ( A BAD BUS9ESS 9 RETURN = A GOOD 9DEMNITY4 7,CF4 0,LE ,COLLECTIVISME01 P4 #g47 

,BLESS Y\1 !Y ALL HAVE VOTES1 & BE>+ ?IS 9 M9D1 ,KAUTSKY ASSURES ! SMALL %OPKEEP]S ?AT 0,! TRANSITION TO SOCIALISM DOES NOT 9VOLVE ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! SMALL TRAD] OR ( ! PEASANT4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! *ANGE WILL NOT ONLY TAKE NO?+ FROM1 BUT IT WILL 9CREASE !IR PR(ITS10 7,DAS ,]FURT] ,PROGRAM 9 SE95 GRUNDSATZLI*5 ,!IL ]LAUT]T VON ,K4 ,KAUTSKY1 P4 #a#e47 ,LIEBKNE*T SEES ! DANG] CLE>LY1 & WE HAVE NOT HE>D ! LA/ ( ! /RUGGLE = SUPREMACY BETWE5 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM2 BUT HE DOES NOT SEE ?AT IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/S %\LD BE CONT5T$ ) M]E AGITATION AS ! 5D ( ITS P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION2 IT MU/ HAVE A POSITIVE OBJECT 7,LIEBKNE*T PROV$ IT AT ! MEET+ ( ! P>TY AT ,SA9T ,GALL7 & IT IS OBLIG$ TO MESS AB\T ) ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM4 ,AT ! ,B]L9 CONGRESS ( ! P>TY ,BEBEL HAD 5\< ( IT1 & SAID 0?AT HE WAS NOT AT ALL 9 AGREEM5T ) ! !ORIES ( ,LIEBKNE*T AS TO ! MEAN+ ( ,/ATE ,SOCIALISM40 

,:AT CONFUSION !RE IS 9 ! DEF9ITION ( ! /ATE4 ,LIEBKNE*T DESCRIBES /ATE SOCIALISM AT ONE TIME AS CALCULAT$ TO DEVELOP ! /ATE 7EM95T /AATSBILD5D72 AT ANO!R TIME HE CALLS IT A REVOLUTION>Y =CE 7/AAT/URZ5DE ,KRAFT74 ,SOMETIMES !Y TELL US3 0,WE1 ! ,SOCIALI/S1 DESIRE TO PRES]VE ! /ATE BY *ANG+ & IMPROV+ IT1 :ILE Y\ O!RS WI% TO MA9TA9 ! PRES5T AN>*I/ SOCIETY1 Y\ RU9 ! EXI/+ /ATE BY ! TACTICS Y\ EMPLOY40 ,AGA9 !Y SAY3 0,! MOD]N /ATE CAN ONLY BE RE9VIGORAT$ & BR\<T UP TO DATE BY BR++ ,SOCIALISM ALONG ! HI<WAY ( LEGISLATION2 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY IS JU/ ! P>TY TO :I* ! /ATE %\LD LOOK = SUPPORT1 IF !RE REALLY W]E /ATESM5 AT ! HEAD ( AFFAIRS40 ,H[ DIFF]5T FROM ! 9DEP5D5T SPIRIT ( !SE WORDS3 0,SOCIALISM IS NOT AN ACADEMIC DISCUSSION1 BUT A BURN+ QUE/ION ?AT P>LIAM5TS WILL NEV] BE ABLE TO SOLVE1 BUT ?AT MU/ BE F9ALLY SETTL$ 9 ! /REET & ON ! BATTLEFIELD60 ,SOMETIMES ,BEBEL HOLDS 0SOCIAL RE=M ?R\< ! /ATE TO BE V]Y IMPORTANT20 AT O!R TIMES HE CONSID]S IT ( TRIFL+ VALUE4 ,N[ HE SPEAKS ( ! FALL ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY AS BE+ V]Y NE>1 & /RONGLY ADVISES ! DISCUSSION ( PR9CIPLES2 & AGA91 HE ADVOCATES PRACTICAL RE=MS1 BECAUSE B\RGEOIS SOCIETY IS /ILL /RONG & 0! DISCUSSION ( PR9CIPLES MI<T GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION IS CLOSE AT H&40 ,ON ! ONE H& !Y CRITICIZE ?OSE :O 9 !IR IMPATI5CE ?9K WE >E NE> ! REVOLUTION1 & YET ,BEBEL & ,5GELS HAVE NAM$ A YE>1 ! YE> #ahih TO WIT1 AS ! YE> ( SALVATION1 ! YE> ( VICTORY1 P>LIAM5T>Y ME?ODS1 BY MEANS ( ! POLL+-BOO?4 ,CAN ?AT BE ! GREAT 0,KLADD]ADATS*0 ?AT IS BELIEV$ TO BE NE>8 

,LIEBKNE*T EV5 SPEAKS ( ! \TGR[? ( #ah SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,HE N[ BELIEVES ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO REA* ! SOLUTION ( ! SOCIAL QUE/ION BY ! WAY ( RE=M4 ,>E WE TO BELIEVE ?AT ! /ATE1 ! EXI/+ /ATE1 CAN DO ?IS8 ,W]E ,M>X & ,5GELS 9 ]ROR :5 !Y TAU<T 0?AT ! /ATE IS ! ORGANIZATION ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES TO EFFECT ! COMPLETE SUBJECTION ( ! NON-POSSESS+ CLASSES80 ,WAS ,M>X MI/AK5 :5 HE SAID 0?AT ! /ATE 9 ORD] TO ABOLI% PAUP]ISM MU/ ABOLI% ITSELF1 = ! K]NEL ( ! EVIL LIES 9 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! /ATE80 ,& ,KAUTSKY CONTROV]T$ ! OP9ION ( ,LIEBKNE*T1 :5 HE WROTE 9 ! ,NEUE ,ZEIT3 

0,POLITICAL P[]1 SO CALL$1 IS ! =CE ORGANIZ$ BY ONE CLASS TO SUPPRESS ANO!R 7,MANIFE/E COMMUNI/E74 ,A CLASS /ATE TO *>ACT]IZE ! EXI/+ /ATE1 APPE>S TO US AN 9APPROPRIATE NAME4 ,CAN !RE BE ANY O!R /ATE8 ,Y\ MAY ANSW] '! DEMOCRATIC /ATE 7,VOLKS/AAT74' ,BY ?AT IS MEANT ! /ATE CONQU]$ BY ! PROLET>IAT4 ,BUT ?AT ALSO W\LD BE A CLASS /ATE4' ,! PROLET>IAT W\LD HAVE O!R CLASSES 9 SUBJECTION4 ,! GREAT DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! FUTURE /ATE & ! EXI/+ /ATES WILL CONSI/ 9 ?IS3 ! 9T]E/ ( ! PROLET>IAT DEM&S ! ABOLITION ( ALL CLASS DI/9CTIONS4 ,! WORK]S WILL USE !IR SUPREMACY TO BANI% AS QUICKLY AS POSSIBLE ! SEP>ATION ( CLASSES2 ?AT IS TO SAY ?AT ! PROLET>IAT WILL TAKE POSSESSION ( ! /ATE1 NOT TO MAKE ( IT A TRUE /ATE1 BUT TO ABOLI% IT ALTOGE!R2 NOT TO FULFILL ! REAL PURPOSE ( ! /ATE BUT TO R5D] IT USELESS = ANY PURPOSE40 

,COMP>E ?IS QUOTATION ) ?OSE FROM ,LIEBKNE*T & ,BEBEL1 & Y\ WILL SEE ?AT !Y FLATLY CONTRADICT EA* O!R4 ,! LATT] >E ! ESS5CE ( /ATE SOCIALISM AGA9/ :I* ,KAUTSKY PROTE/S4 ,WE MO/ *OOSE BETWE5 ! TWO 3 ,EI!R WE >E WORK+ 7AS ,BEBEL SAYS7 TO GET :AT WE CAN 9 ! WAY ( RE=M1 & TO PALLIATE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE ! EVIL CONDITIONS IMPOS$ UPON ! WORK]S UND] ! PRES5T SOCIAL REGIME 7& ?IS CON/ITUTES PRACTICAL POLITICS71 ! POLICY BY :I* ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY OBTA9 AT ! BALLOT BOX SO GREAT A NUMB] ( VOTES2 OR WE EMBRACE ! OP9ION ?AT UND] EXI/+ SOCIAL CONDITIONS ! SITUATION ( ! PROLET>IAT CANNOT BE APPRECIABLY IMPROV$4 ,IF WE ADOPT ! FIR/ HYPO!SIS WE PROLONG ! SUFF]+ ( ! WORK]S1 = ALL !SE PALLIATIVES HAVE ONLY ! EFFECT ( RE9VIGORAT+ ! PRES5T SOCIETY4 ,YET ,BEBEL PR(ESSES TO RECOGNIZE1 SO AS NOT TO RUN 5TIRELY \T ( GE> ) ,5GELS1 ?AT 9 ! LA/ RESORT WE MU/ DECIDE UPON ! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 :I* 9 REALITY 0IS M]ELY AN ORGANIZATION TO MA9TA9 ! BUS9ESS ( PRODUCTION & EX*ANGE ON ITS PRES5T BASIS1 9 O!R WORDS1 AN ORGANIZATION :I* HAS NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! IDEAL /ATE40 ,AS A FACT HE PRACTICALLY WORKS TO CONSOLIDATE ! PREV5T /ATE1 :ILE HE DECL>ES AS A MATT] ( !ORY ?AT ULTIMATELY ! /ATE MU/ BE ABOLI%$4 ,9 SU* A POSITION !RE IS NEI!R RHYME NOR REASON4 

,BEBEL SAID 9 ,P>LIAM5T3 

0,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT IF EXI/+ SOCIETY CONT9UES ITS EVOLUTION 9 PEACE1 SO ?AT IT %ALL REA* ! HI<E/ /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T1 IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT ! *ANGE FROM ! PRES5T SOCIAL SY/EM 9TO A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY MAY ALSO TAKE PLACE 9 PEACE & AT NO DI/ANT DATE2 JU/ AS ! ,FR5* 9 #ahg BECAME ,REPUBLICANS & RID !MSELVES ( ,NAPOLEON1 AFT] HE HAD BE5 VANQUI%$ & MADE PRISON] AT ,S$AN40 

,:AT MEAN+ BUT ONE CAN WE ATTA* TO ?AT LANGUAGE3 ,IF EV]Y?+ COMES (F PEACEABLY1 EV]Y?+ COMES (F PEACEABLY8 ,LET US NOM9ATE M5 FIT TO DO !IR DUTY -- ?AT IS ! PHRASE US$4 ,AS IF IT W>E M51 & NOT ! SY/EM1 ?AT W]E AT FAULT6 ,>E WE NOT OBLIG$ TO BREA? A TA9T$ AIR :5 WE 5T] A ROOM :]E ! ATMOSPH]E IS IMPURE8 ,IT IS JU/ AS IF HE SAID3 ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT IF ! BIRDS DO NOT FLY AWAY WE %ALL CAT* !M4 ,:5 444 BUT ?AT IS JU/ ! DIFFICULTY4 ,& SU* LANGUAGE IS DELUSIVE = IT >\SES AMONG ! WORK]S AN IDEA ?AT 9DE$ EV]Y?+ WILL TAKE PLACE PEACEABLY1 & ONCE ?AT IDEA TAKES ROOT1 ! REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! MOVEM5T DISAPPE>S4 ,HAS NOT ,FROHME1 A ,G]MAN DEPUTY1 SAID ?AT 0HE CANNOT 9 ALL CONSCI5CE IMAG9E ?AT ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY %\LD WI% TO ABOLI% ! /ATE80 ,WE EV5 READ 9 ! ,HAMBURG] ,E*O ( #a#e? ,NOVEMB]1 #a#h#i3 

0,WE TELL ! *ANCELLOR FRANKLY ?AT HE HAS NO RI<T TO D5\NCE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS AS 5EMIES ( ! /ATE4 ,WE DO NOT TI<T ! /ATE BUT /ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 & A SOCIAL SY/EM :I* DOES NOT AGREE ) ! TRUE IDEA ( ! /ATE & ( SOCIETY & ) !IR MISSION4 ,IT IS WE ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS :O WI% TO P]PETUATE ! /ATE 9 GREATNESS & PURITY4 ,?AD HAS REALLY BE5 \R MISSION = MORE ?AN A QU>T] ( A C5TURY1 & ,*ANCELLOR VON ,CAPRIVI \<T TO KN[ IT4 ,ONLY :]E !RE EXI/S A TRUE IDEAL ( ! /ATE CAN !RE BE A TRUE AFFECTION = ! /ATE40 

,:5 WE HE> & READ AB\T 0TRUE SOCIALISM10 & 0A TRUE IDEAL ( ! /ATE10 !RE COMES TO \R M9DS ! OLD-TIME PHRASE 0TRUE *RI/IANITY40 ,& ! MORE'S ! PITY ?AT JU/ AS !RE HAVE BE5 TW5TY1 AYE A HUNDR$ 0 TRUE *RI/IANITIES10 EA* ( :I* EXCOMMUNICAT$ & EXCLUD$ ALL O!RS1 SO !RE >E TO-DAY TW5TY & MORE TRUE SOCIALISMS4 ,WE W\LD LONG AGO HAVE LIK$ TO %UT \R EYES TO ?IS FOOLI%NESS1 BUT41 ALAS6 IT IS IMPOSSIBLE4 

,NOT ONLY CAN ! /ATE NOT BE PRES]V$1 BUT ON ! ADV5T ( SOCIALISM IT WILL %[ ITSELF TO BE NOT WOR? PRES]V+4 ,NO1 ?IS POSSIBILI/1 OPPORTUNI/1 RE=M+1 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION IS GOOD = NO?+1 & SIMPLY /IFLES AMONG ! WORK]S ! REVOLUTION>Y IDEA ?AT ,M>X TRI$ TO 9/ILL 9TO !M4 

,*ILDI%LY WE ATTRIBUTE TO COMMONPLACE & CORRUPT P]SONS & P>TIES ! RESULTS ( ! EVOLUTION ( CIVILIZATION4 ,:AT GU>ANTEES DO WE POSSESS ?AT POLITICIANS ( \R P>TY WILL BE BETT] ?AN !IR PR$ECESSORS8 ,>E !Y 9FALLIBLE8 ,NO4 ,O!RS HAVE BE5 CORRUPT$ & SO WILL \RS BE1 BECAUSE MAN IS ! PRODUCT ( CIRCUM/ANCES & IS MOLD$ BY ! 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* HE LIVES4 

,5GELS HAS COMM5T$ SO SEV]ELY UPON ! PRACTICAL POLICY ( P>LIAM5TS ?AT WE >E AT A LOSS TO UND]/& H[ HE HAS COME TO APPROVE ! TACTICS ( ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY4 ,H]E IS ! OP9ION HE US$ TO HOLD3 

0,A K9D ( %OPKEEP] SOCIALISM HAS ITS ADVOCATES 9 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 EV5 AMONG ITS P>LIAM5T>Y REPRES5TATIVES1 & !SE ADVOCATES :ILE 5DORS+ 9 A VAGUE WAY SOME SOCIALI/ PR9CIPLES1 & GRANT+ GRUDG+LY ?AT ! FUTURE BELONGS TO COLLECTIVISM1 ?9K ?AT FUTURE IS V]Y F> DI/ANT1 NOT )9 MEASURABLE DI/ANCE4 ,!Y AIM AT PAT*+ UP ! #b PRES5T SOCIAL SY/EM1 & 9 DEFAULT ( DO+ ANY?+ BETT]1 !Y FL+ !MSELVES ) 5?USIASM 9TO ! EF=TS ( ! REACTION>IES TO PROMOTE ! SO-CALL$ 'RAIS+ ( ! WORK+ CLASSES4'0 

,?AT IS EXACTLY :AT WE HAVE BE5 SAY+4 ,9 ! DI/ANCE ! P>LIAM5T>IANS SPEAK AB\T ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY1 BUT COM+ TO CLOSE QU>T]S !Y BUSY !MSELVES ) PRACTICAL POLITICS4 ,IT IS REALLY SAD TO F9D M5 LIKE ,LIEBKNE*T H&L+ ?IS RUBBI%4 ,LI/5 TO HIS WORDS AT ! ,P>IS ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS ( #a#h#h#i3 0,PRACTICAL RE=MS1 RE=MS TO BE HAD AT ONCE & ( IMM$IATE UTILITY1 >E FIR/ 9 \R PROGRAM1 & ?AT IS !IR PLACE BY RI<T1 AS !Y >E ! RECRUIT+ 9DUCEM5TS TO 5LI/ ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! SOCIALI/ P>TY & :O CLE> ! ROAD = SOCIALISM4 ,FANCY ,SOCIALI/S AS RECRUIT+ S]GEANTS6 ,NOT SO ?\<T !Y :O US$ !SE WORDS3 ',:OEV] TALKS ) ! 5EMY P>LEYS ) HIM2 :OEV] P>LEYS B>GA9S ) HIM4'0 

,9 ?IS WAY !Y SLIDE D[N ! SLOPE ( COMPROMISE1 & AT LA/ !Y BASE ! :OLE AGITATION ON ! SOLUTION ( ! L& QUE/ION1 & =MULATE SU* BLOOD-CURDL+ RE=MS AS ?OSE SUBMITT$ TO ! ,WORK]S' ,CONGRESS ( ,M>SEILLES 9 #a#h#i#b1 AMONG :I* MAY BE NAM$ ) BAT$ BREA? ! EASY TRANSF]5CE ( SMALL PROP]TIES1 READJU/M5T ( TAXATION1 & F>M LABOR]S' ALLOTM5TS4 ,A NICE PROGRAM C]TA9LY1 JU/ SU* A ONE AS HAS BE5 ACCEPT$ BY ! ,BELGIAN ,WORK]S' P>TY2 :ILE ! ,SWISS PROLET>IAT >E TO BE 5D[$ 9 ! SAME H&SOME FA%ION4 ,?AT IS :AT !Y CALL PRACTICAL SOCIALISM6 

,P>T #b 

,! /ATE HAS ALWAYS BE5 ! P[]FUL 9/RUM5T ( ! OPPRESSORS #a AGA9/ ! OPPRESS$4 ,H5CE IT IS ?AT 0! WORK+ CLASSES CANNOT TAKE POSSESSION ( ! MA*9]Y ( ! /ATE = ! PURPOSE ( US+ IT TO W9 EMANCIPATION40 ,WE READ 9 ! PREFACE ( ,5GELS' #ahia ADDRESS3 

0,ACCORD+ TO ! PHILOSOPHIC CONCEPTION1 ! /ATE IS '! REALIZATION ( ! IDEA' ( ! K+DOM ( ,GOD UPON E>?1 ! DOMA9 :]E ET]NAL TRU? & ET]NAL JU/ICE REALIZE !MSELVES OR \<T TO REALIZE !MSELVES4 ,! RESULT IS A SUP]/ITI\S REV]5CE = ! /ATE & = EV]Y?+ 9 CONNECTION ) IT1 :I* IS ALL ! MORE EVID5T BECAUSE WE >E ACCU/OM$ FROM *ILDHOOD TO SUPPOSE ?AT PUBLIC BUS9ESS & ! COMMON 9T]E/S ( SOCIETY CANNOT BE C>$ = 9 ANY O!R WAY ?AN !Y HAVE BE5 UP TO DATE1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?R\< ! /ATE & ITS WELL-PAID EMPLOYES4 ,& WE FONDLY ?9K WE HAVE MADE A GREAT /EP 9 ADVANCE :5 WE HAVE LO/ FAI? 9 ! H]$IT>Y MON>*Y & :5 WE LAY CLAIM TO A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC4 ,9 FACT ! /ATE IS NO?+ ELSE BUT AN 9/RUM5T ( OPPRESSION US$ BY ONE CLASS OV] ANO!R1 & QUITE AS MU* SO UND] A DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC AS UND] A MON>*Y2 & 9 ANY CASE IT IS AN EVIL :I*1 9 ! /RUGGLE = CLASS SUPREMACY1 MU/ 9 TURN BE US$ BY ! VICTORI\S PROLET>IAT1 :I* WILL NECESS>ILY SUFF] SOME 9JURY FROM ITS USE 7AS DID ! ,COMMUNE7 UNTIL ! MIS*IEV\S WORK+ ( IT IS ABAT$1 9TRODUC+ AN ]A :5 A FUTURE G5]ATION1 RAIS$ 9 NEW & FREE SOCIAL CONDITIONS1 WILL BE /RONG 5\< TO ?R[ ASIDE ! P>APH]NALIA ( ! /ATE40 

,5GELS WRITES TO ! SAME EFFECT 9 SEV]AL ( HIS WORKS4 ,9 HIS IMPORTANT PAMPHLET1 0,URSPRUNG D] ,FAMILIE1 DES ,PRIVATEIG5?UMS1 UND DES ,/AATES10 7,ON ! ORIG9 ( ! FAMILY1 PRIVATE PROP]TY1 & ! /ATE7 PP4 #a#h#i1 #a#d1 HE SAYS3 

0,! /ATE DOES NOT !N EXI/ FROM ET]NITY4 ,!RE HAVE BE5 COMMUNITIES :I* EXI/$ )\T ! /ATE1 COMPLETELY IGNOR+ ! /ATE & ITS P[]4 ,TO A C]TA9 /AGE ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T1 NECESS>ILY L9K$ ) ! DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO CLASSES1 ! /ATE 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ?AT DIVISION BECAME A NECESSITY4 ,WE >E N[ RAPIDLY APPROA*+ A /AGE ( DEVELOPM5T 9 PRODUCTION :]E ! EXI/5CE ( !SE CLASSES HAS NOT ONLY CEAS$ TO BE A NECESSITY1 BUT CON/ITUTES A POSITIVE OB/ACLE TO PRODUCTION4 ,?OSE CLASSES WILL 9EVITABLY DISAPPE> 9 ! SAME WAY !Y =M]LY CAME 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,) !M WILL LIKEWISE DISAPPE> ! /ATE4 ,SOCIETY WILL REORGANIZE PRODUCTION UPON ! BASIS ( FREE & EQUAL ASSOCIATION ( ! PRODUC]S1 & WILL RELEGATE /ATE MA*9]Y TO A SUITABLE PLACE3 ! #b >*AEOLOGICAL MUSEUM1 9 JU/ POSITION TO ! SP9N+-:EEL & ! BRONZE HAT*ET40 

,SU* IS ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! /ATE 9 A CLASS SOCIETY1 & ?AT IS ! WAY 9 :I* IT IS REG>D$ BY AN>*I/S4 ,9 HIS O!R PAMPHLET1 0,DUHR+'S ,UMWALZUNG D] ,WISS5S*AFT10 PP4 #b#f#g1 #b#f#h1 HE SAYS3 

0,! /ATE WAS ! (FICIAL REPRES5TATIVE ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 ITS P]SONIFICATION 9 A VISIBLE BODY1 BUT 9ASMU* AS IT WAS ! /ATE IT ONLY /OOD = ! CLASS :I* REPRES5T$ 9 ITSELF ! :OLE ( SOCIETY4 ,:5 IT REALLY BECAME ! REPRES5TATIVE ( A COMPLETE SOCIETY1 IT BECAME SUP]FLU\S4 ,AS SOON AS !RE >E NO CLASSES 9 SOCIETY TO OPPRESS1 AS SOON AS CLASS SUPREMACY & ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE DISAPPE>1 ) !IR ANTAGONISMS & !IR EXTRAVAGANCES RESULT+ FROM ! AN>*Y DOM9AT+ PRODUCTION1 !RE IS NO LONG] ANY?+ TO SUBDUE1 NO?+ CALL+ = MEASURES ( OPPRESSION4 ,! FIR/ ACT P]=M$ BY ! /ATE :5 REALLY REPRES5T+ ! :OLE ( SOCIETY1 I4E4 ! SEIZURE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 9 ! NAME ( SOCIETY1 WILL ALSO BE ! LA/ ACT P]=M$ BY IT 9 ITS (FICE AS /ATE4 ,! 9TRUSION ( /ATE AU?ORITY TO SOCIAL SITUATIONS BECOMES GRADUALLY SUP]FLU\S 9 ANY CIRCUM/ANCES & DISAPPE>S ( ITSELF4 ,9 PLACE ( A GOV]NM5T ( P]SONS >ISES A GOV]NM5T ( ! BUS9ESS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! /ATE IS NOT 'ABOLI%$'1 IT DIES4 ,IT IS FROM ?AT PO9T ( VIEW WE MU/ CONSID] '! FREE POPUL> /ATE'1 BO? 9 ! LI<T ( ! LAW ( ITS TEMPOR>Y ACTION & ( ITS F9AL DEMON/RAT$ 9ADEQUACY1 & LIKEWISE ! SO-CALL$ AN>*I/ DOCTR9E AFFIRM+ ?AT 9 ! FULLNESS ( TIME ! /ATE WILL BE ABOLI%$40 

,IT IS A /RANGE ?+ TO PROVE1 ?AT ,5GELS :O CONTROV]TS ! AN>*I/S1 IS HIMSELF AN AN>*I/ 9 HIS CONCEPTION ( ! ROLE ( ! /ATE4 ,HIS ?\<T IS AN>*I/IC BUT BY ! ASSOCIATIONS ( ! PA/ HE F\ND HIMSELF ATTA*$ TO ! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRACY4 

,! LATE/ $ITION ( A FEW ESSAYS1 0,9T]NATIONALES AUS DEM ,VOLKS/AATE0 7#a#h#g#a-#g#e71 CONTA9S A PREFACE BY ,5GELS 9 :I* HE SAYS ?AT 9 !SE ESSAYS HE HAS ALWAYS ) 9T5TION CALL$ HIMSELF A ,COMMUNI/1 & AL?\< HE ACCEPTS ! NAME ( SOCIAL DEMOCRAT HE F9DS IT 9APPROPRIATE = A P>TY 0:OSE ECONOMIC PROGRAM IS NOT ONLY COMPLETELY SOCIALI/1 BUT /RAI<T=W>DLY COMMUNI/1 & :OSE F9AL POLITICAL PURPOSE IS ! DISAPPE>ANCE ( ! /ATE & AT ! SAME TIME ( ! DEMOCRACY40 

,:AT ESS5TIAL DIFF]5CE IS !RE BETWE5 HIS OP9ION & ?AT ( ,KROPOTK9 :O SAYS1 9 HIS 0,ETUDE SUR LA ,REVOLUTION103 

0,! ABOLITION ( ! /ATE1 ?AT IS ! TASK IMPOS$ UPON ! REVOLUTIONI/1 AT LEA/ UPON HIM :O HAS ! C\RAGE ( HIS ?\<T1 )\T :I* WE DO NOT MAKE REVOLUTIONS4 ,9 ?AT TASK HE HAS AGA9/ HIM ALL ! TRADITIONS ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,BUT HE HAS ON HIS SIDE ! EVOLUTION ( HUMANITY1 :I* LAYS IT UPON US AT ?IS HI/ORIC MOM5T TO EMANCIPATE \RSELVES FROM A =M ( CONTROL1 R5D]$ NECESS>Y P]HAPS BY ! IGNORANCE ( ! PA/1 BUT :I* HAS BECOME HO/ILE TO ALL FUR!R PROGRESS40 

,BUT IT IS APP>5T ?AT A CONSCI\SNESS EXI/S ( HAV+ W&]$ FROM ! =M] /&PO9T1 & ?AT IT IS WI%$ TO HIDE ?AT DIV]G5CE BY BATTL+ ) ?OSE :O HAVE D5\NC$ IT4 ,AL?\< ! #c OLD ,9T]NATIONAL HAS RECORD$ AMONG ITS PR9CIPLES ?AT 0! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE MU/ PREC$E ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE10 ! SO-CALL$ ,M>XI/S ANN\NCE ?AT WE MU/ BECOME POSSESS$ ( POLITICAL P[] 9 ORD] TO TRIUMPH 9 ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE4 ,& ,LA ,REVOLTE WAS RI<T :5 IT WROTE TO ?IS EFFECT3 

0,IT WAS TO BE FALSE TO ! PR9CIPLE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,IT WAS TO TELL ! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 & ESPECIALLY ,M>X1 ?AT !Y W]E FOOLS 9 DECL>+ ! PREEM95CE ( ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE OV] POLITICAL W>F>E4 ,BUT :AT WAS !RE TO GA9 BY B\RGEOIS LEAD]S 9 AN ECONOMIC /RUGGLE8 ,AN 9CREASE ( WAGES8 ,BUT !Y >E NOT WAGE SLAVES4 ,A DIM9UTION ( ! H\RS ( WORK8 ,BUT !Y ALREADY WORK 9 !IR [N H\SES1 EI!R AS LIT]>Y M5 OR AS MANUFACTUR]S6 ,!Y C\LD ONLY MAKE PR(IT \T ( ! POLITICAL CONTE/4 ,!Y S\<T TO DRIVE ! WORK]S 9 ?AT DIRECTION4 ,HELP$ BY ! PREJUDICES ( ! PROLET>IAT !Y SUCCE$$40 

,IT IS EVID5T ?AT !Y AVOID ALL DISCUSSION ( ! (FICE ( ! /ATE2 9 G5]AL !Y /E] CLE> ( ! ROCK BY ! HELP ( 9DEF9ITE PHRASEOLOGY1 )\T ATTEMPT+ TO FA?OM ! QUE/ION AT ALL4 ,AGA9 WE >E 9DEBT$ TO ,KROPOTK9 = TREAT+ ! QUE/ION 9 ITS TRUE LI<T 9 HIS 0,ETUDE SUR LA ,REVOLUTION03 

,! B\RGEOIS KNEW :AT !Y WANT$2 !Y HAD MADE UP !IR M9DS LONG AGO4 ,= MANY YE>S !Y HAD 5T]TA9$ AN IDEAL ( GOV]NM5T1 & :5 ! PEOPLE BEGAN TO WAKE UP !Y SET !M TO WORK \T ! REALIZATION ( ?AT IDEAL1 MAK+ !M A FEW UNIMPORTANT CONCESSIONS ON C]TA9 PO9TS1 SU* AS ! ABOLITION ( FEUDAL RI<TS1 OR EQUALITY BE=E ! LAW4 ,)\T BO!R+ AB\T DETAILS1 ! B\RGEOIS HAD DRAWN UP1 F> 9 ADVANCE ( ! REVOLUTION1 ! MA9 L9ES ( FUTURE ACTION4 ,BUT 9 ! :OLE ( MOD]N SOCIALISM1 WE SEE A T5D5CY TO SLUR OV] ! PR9CIPLES ?AT RULE MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,AMONG ! MOD]ATE SECTION TO TALK ( REVOLUTION IS TO 9CUR DISLIKE & SUSPICION4 ,!Y TREAT ) CONTEMPT ?OSE :O DISCUSS FUTURE SOCIETY OR 5DEAVOR TO M>K \T ! WORK ( ! REVOLUTION40 

,TRUE IT IS ?AT IT IS USELESS LABOR TO TRY & GRAFT IDEAS ( LIB]TY & JU/ICE UPON ANCI5T & WORN-\T 9/ITUTIONS4 ,TO 5DEAVOR TO RAISE AN $IFICE UPON ROTT5 F\NDATIONS IS C]TA9LY NOT ! WORK ( A GOOD >*ITECT4 ,MANY DO NOT APPREH5D ! CONNECTION BETWE5 P[] & PROP]TY4 ,!SE >E ! TWO MA9 SUPPORTS ( ONE $IFICE1 VIZ4 MOD]N SOCIETY1 & HE :O WI%ES TO OV]TURN ! ONE & LEAVE ! O!R /&+ DOES ONLY HALF ( ! NECESS>Y WORK4 ,9 FACT WE DO NOT 9T5TIONALLY ADOPT TO \R 9JURY ! /ATE MA*9E1 WE TAKE IT UP SIMPLY )\T UND]/&+ ?AT WE >E 9TRODUC+ 9TO ! CITADEL ! ,TROJAN HORSE4 ,MORITZ ,RITT+HAUS5 :OSE WORK 0,LA ,LEGISLATION DIRECTE P> LE ,PEUPLE40 DES]VES TO BE READ1 T\*ES ! SORE SPOT :5 HE WRITES3 

0,IF Y\ MAKE A MI/AKE 9 ! MEASURES Y\ TAKE ) RESPECT TO ! QUE/ION ( GOV]NM5T1 Y\R REVOLUTION WILL SOON BE AT ! M]CY ( ! OLD POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,IT W\LD BE BETT] TO UND]/& ?OR\<LY4 ! NATURE1 ! ESS5TIAL *>ACT] ( DEMOCRATIC GOV]NM5T1 )\T BO!R+ TOO MU* AB\T ! RE=MS ?AT SU* A GOV]NM5T ADV]TISES ITS READ9ESS TO C>RY 9TO EFFECT40 

,H]E 9DE$ WE SEE H[ APPLICABLE IS ?AT PASSAGE ( ! ,NEW ,TE/AM5T :I* SAYS3 0,NEI!R DO M5 PUT NEW W9E 9TO OLD BOTTLES40 #d ,! NEGLECT ( ?IS ELEM5T>Y TRU? HAS ALREADY BR\<T MANY MIS=TUNES UPON ! WORLD1 = 9V>IABLY PEOPLE HAVE TRI$ TO C>VE \T A NEW REVOLUTION TAK+ = !IR MODEL ! OLD ONES ( BYEGONE AGES4 

0,:5 WE GLANCE AT ! CONGLOM]ATION ( REVOLUTIONI/S1 :O >E CORRELAT$ BY C]TA9 MODES ( ?\<T1 & NOT AS SOME SAY BY P]SONAL P>TIZAN%IP1 :5 WE ANALYZE !IR FUNDAM5TAL IDEAS1 !IR PUR4 POSES1 & !IR TACTICS1 WE DISCOV] ) AL>M ?AT !Y ALL HAVE !IR EYES RIVET$ UPON ! PA/1 ?AT NONE ( !M /EADILY CONTEMPLATE ! FUTURE1 & ?AT !Y HAVE ONLY ONE IDEA1 TO REVIVIFY SOME GREAT MAN :O HAS PASS$ AWAY40 

,WE MU/ 9TELLIG5TLY EMBRACE ! CONVICTION ?AT ALL PREVI\S REVOLUTIONS HAVE BE5 US$ = ! ONE PURPOSE ( /R5G!N+ & 9CREAS+ ! SUPREMACY & P[] ( ! B\RGEOISIE4 ,AS LONG AS ! /ATE BAS$ UPON LEGISLATION CONT9UES TO EXI/ & GRADUALLY TO DEVELOP ITS NATURE1 AS LONG AS WE CONT9UE TO WORK ) SU* COOP]ATION1 SO LONG %ALL WE BE SLAVES4 ,IF 9 ! APPROA*+ REVOLUTION ! PEOPLE DO NOT RISE TO !IR GREAT DUTY1 :I* CONSI/S 9 ABOLI%+ ! /ATE ) ALL ITS CODES & 9 EFFECTIVELY H9D]+ ITS TAK+ ROOT 9 ! SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 ALL ! BLOOD :I* MAY BE %$1 & ALL ! SACRIFICES ( ! PROLET>IAT -- = ! GREATE/ SACRIFICES >E ALWAYS ITS PORTION1 AL?\< !Y REMA9 UNRECORD$ -- WILL BE S]VICABLE ONLY TO SOME AMBITI\S M5 :O WI% TO SUPPLANT ?OSE :O SIT 9 (FICE1 & :O WON'T HESITATE TO SAY 0,GET \T ( ?AT1 = ,I WANT TO SIT D[N@54 ,WE >E NOT 9T]E/$ 9 A *ANGE ( (FICIALS2 :AT WE WANT IS A COMPLETE *ANGE ( ! SOCIAL ORGANISM4 ,MORE & MORE IT WILL BE PROV$ TRUE ?AT 0! FUTURE WILL NOT BE CONC]N$ ) ! RULE ( M5 OV] M51 BUT ) ! ADM9I/RATION ( AFFAIRS0 7,AUG4 ,COMTE74 ,= IT IS C]TA9 ?AT ! V]DICT AS TO :I* IS ! BE/ SOCIAL SY/EM WILL HANG UPON ! QUE/ION3 ,:AT SY/EM ALL[S ! GREATE/ LIB]TY & 9DEP5D5CE8 ,= IF FRE$OM TO LIVE AS WE LIKE IS TO BE SURR5D]$1 ONE ( ! GR&E/ *>ACT]I/ICS ( HUMAN NATURE1 9DIVIDUALITY1 WILL DISAPPE>4 

,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW ,5GELS & ! ,AN>*I/S C\LD KEEP /EP 9 !IR PROGRESS1 IF !Y W]E NOT TO BE H9D]$ BY WORDS4 ,BUT ?AT :I* IS REALLY H>MONI\S WILL COME TOGE!R1 .<9.> SPITE ( ALL SEP>AT+ =CES2 & AS = ! OPPOS+ ELEM5TS SOMETIMES !Y CAN BE BR\<T 9TO APP>5T UNISON1 BUT 9 ! 5D !Y >E F\ND TO BE IRRECONCILABLE4 ,?AT IS ! ?\<T ?AT COM=TS US & BR+S HOPE TO \R HE>TS EV5 9 SI<T ( ! MANY CONTROV]SIES & DIVISIONS :I* >ISE BETWE5 PEOPLE :O ON ! :OLE %\LD >RIVE AT AN UND]/&+4 

,LET US AGA9 TAKE 9TO CONSID]ATION ! QUE/ION :E!R IT BE POSSIBLE = REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/S & COMMUNI/ AN>*I/S TO WORK TOGE!R4 ,WE USE ! NAMES HABITUALLY EMPLOY$1 AL?\< WE ?9K ?AT COMMUNISM & AN>*ISM >E IDEALS :I* EXCLUDE EA* O!R4 ,KROPOTK91 ON ! O!R H&1 SAYS 9 HIS WORK 0,LA ,CONQUETE DU ,PA910 P4 #h#a1 ?AT 0AN>*Y LEADS TO COMMUNISM & COMMUNISM TO AN>*Y1 EA* BE+ ! EXPRESSION ( ! T5D5CY PR$OM9AT+ 9 MOD]N SOCIETIES B5T ON ! SE>* = EQUALITY40 ,IT HAS BE5 IMPOSSIBLE = ME TO CO9CIDE ) ! REASON+4 ,:5 HE CALLS 0AN>*ISM COMMUNISM -- A COMMUNISM )\T GOV]NM5T1 ?AT ( FREE M510 & #e REG>DS ?IS AS 0! SYN!SIS ( ! TWO 5DS PURSU$ BY MANK9D ?R\< ! AGES -- ECONOMIC FRE$OM & POLITICAL FRE$OM10 WE C\LD EASILY F9D GR\ND = DEBATE1 BUT A FUR!R EXPLANATION W\LD HAVE BE5 DESIRABLE4 ,AN>*I/S1 RI<TLY SO CALL$1 >E PURE 9DIVIDUALI/S :O CONT5D ?AT PRIVATE PROP]TY IS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( LIB]TY1 & :O NEI!R REPUDIATE 9DIVIDUAL PRODUCTION OR EX*ANGE4 ,H5CE IT IS ?AT M5 LIKE ,B5JAM9 ,R4 ,TUCK] & O!RS DO NOT LOOK UPON ,KROPOTK9 & ,MO/ AS AN>*I/S AT ALL4 ,= ?AT REASON WE W\LD P]HAPS DO BETT] TO SPEAK H5CE=? ( REVOLUTION>Y COMMUNI/S4 ,NO ONE %\LD F9D FAULT ) ?AT NAME4 ,RESPECT+ ?IS QUE/ION WE WILL MAKE FUR!R 9VE/IGATION UND] ! GUIDANCE ( M5 REG>D$ AS REPRES5TATIVE BY BO? S*OOLS ( ?\<T4 ,IS !RE ANY DIFF]5CE 9 PR9CIPLE BETWE5 SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM8 ,! ,G]MAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 AT ! CONGRESS ( ,SA9T ,GALL1 PASS$ ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3 

0,?IS MEET+ ( ! P>TY DECL>ES ?AT ! AN>*I/ !ORY ( SOCIETY1 9 SO F> AS IT SEEKS ! ABSOLUTE AUTONOMY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IS ANTI-SOCIALI/2 ?AT IT IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN A P>TIAL =M ( ! PR9CIPLES ( B\RGEOIS LIB]ALISM1 AL?\< IT PROCE$S FROM ! SOCIALI/ /&PO9T 9 ITS CRITICISM ( ! EXI/+ SOCIAL ORD]4 ,IT IS ESPECIALLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ! SOCIALI/ CLAIM = ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & = ! SOCIAL REGULATION ( PRODUCTION1 & IT 5DS 9 AN IRRECONCILABLE CONTRADICTION1 UNLESS PRODUCTION REV]TS TO ! PETTY SCALE ( H&-WORK4 ,! AN>*I/ RELIGION & ! EXCLUSIVE RECOMM5DATION ( A POLICY ( VIOL5CE >E BAS$ UPON AN ]RONE\S CONCEPTION ( ! P>T PLAY$ BY VIOL5CE 9 ! HI/ORY ( NATIONS4 ,VIOL5CE IS A REACTION>Y FACTOR QUITE AS MU* AS A REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR1 9DE$ MORE REACTION>Y ?AN REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! USE ( 9DIVIDUAL VIOL5CE DOES NOT ACCOMPLI% ITS PURPOSE & IS 9JURI\S & REPREH5SIBLE 9 SO F> AS IT (F5DS ! FEEL+S ( JU/ICE 5T]TA9$ BY MANK9D4 ,WE HOLD P]SECUTORS RESPONSIBLE = ! SAVAGE ACTS COMMITT$ BY ! P]SECUT$ 9 !IR FR5ZY1 & WE LOOK UPON ! 9CL9ATION TO SU* ACTS AS A PH5OM5ON ?AT HAS REVEAL$ ITSELF 9 ALL TIME 9 SIMIL> CONDITIONS1 & 9DE$ :I* POLICE SPIES HABITUALLY EMPLOY AGA9/ ! WORK]S TO ! ADVANTAGE ( REACTION40 

,LIEBKNE*T1 :O SPOKE 9 SUPPORT1 DIVID$ AN>*I/S 9TO ?REE CLASSES3 

POLICE AG5TS2 

CRIM9ALS AT COMMON LAW :O ?R[ AN AN>*I/ CLOAK OV] !IR CRIME2 

! SO-CALL$ DEF5D]S ( PROPAG&A BY DE$ :O FA9 W\LD 9DUCE OR MAKE A REVOLUTION BY 9DIVIDUAL ACTS4 

,AFT] HAV+ %[N ! NECESSITY TO AGITATE1 ORGANIZE & $UCATE 7A /RANGELY >RANG$ S]IES ( ACTS1 AS IF IT W]E POSSIBLE TO AGITATE & ORGANIZE )\T PRELIM9>Y $UCATION1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 )\T KN[+ :Y WE AGITATE & ORGANIZE7 HE DEF9ES 9 ! FOLL[+ /YLE ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 SOCIALISM & AN>*Y3 

0,SOCIALISM CONC5TRATES ITS =CES1 AN>*Y DIVIDES !M & IS CONSEQU5TLY 9 A /ATE ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC IMPOT5CE2 IT IS NO MORE CONSI/5T ) REVOLUTION>Y ACTION ?AN ) MOD]N PRODUCTION ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,AN>*Y IS DEMON/RAT$ TO BE & TO REMA9 UNREVOLUTION>Y & ANTI-REVOLUTION>Y40 

,WE BELIEVE ?IS DI/9CTION TO BE V]Y 9ACCURATELY DRAWN4 ,9 A #f SCI5TIFIC DEMON/RATION WE DO NOT ADVANCE ONE /EP T[>DS ! SOLUTION BY ! HELP ( GR&IOSE LANGUAGE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE LET US SETTLE ! QUE/ION -- ,IS AN ,AN>*I/ A ,SOCIALI/1 YES OR NO8 ,& ?AT 9 \R VIEW IS NOT A MATT] ( D\BT4 ,:AT IS1 9 %ORT1 ! K]NEL1 ! TRUE 9W>DNESS ( SOCIALISM8 ,! RECOGNITION OR ! NON-RECOGNITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY8 

,A LITTLE TIME AGO APPE>$ ! FIR/ NUMB] ( A PUBLICATION1 GOT UP = ! REVOLUTION>Y-AN>*I/-SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A1 5TITL$ 0,NECESSITE ET BASES D'UNE 5T5TE10 BY ,M]L9O4 ,! AU?OR SAYS 9 IT3 

0,WE >E ABOVE ALL ,SOCIALI/S1 ?AT IS TO SAY WE WI% TO DE/ROY ! CAUSE ( ALL 9IQUITY1 EXPLOITATION1 POV]TY1 & CRIME1 VIZ41 9DIVIDUAL [N]%IP40 

,?AT IS EQUIVAL5T TO SAY+ ?AT BO? ,AN>*I/S & ,SOCIALI/S HAVE A COMMON 5EMY -- PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,9 LIKE MANN] ,ADOLPHE ,FIS*]1 ONE ( ! ,*ICAGO M>TYRS1 SAID /RAI<T=W>DLY 

0,MANY W\LD EVID5TLY LIKE TO KN[ :AT IS ! CONNECTION BETWE5 AN>*ISM & SOCIALISM1 & :E!R !SE TWO DOCTR9ES HAVE ANY?+ 9 COMMON4 ,SOME BELIEVE ?AT AN ,AN>*I/ CANNOT BE A ,SOCIALI/1 NOR A ,SOCIALI/ BE AN ,AN>*I/4 ,?AT IS 9ACCURATE4 ,! PHILOSOPHY ( SOCIALISM IS A G5]AL PHILOSOPHY1 & COMPREH5DS SEV]AL DI/9CT SUBORD9ATE DOCTR9ES4 ,BY WAV ( ILLU/RATION LET US TAKE ! T]M '*RI/IANITY4' ,!RE >E CA?OLICS1 LU!RANS1 ME?ODI/S1 ANABAPTI/S1 MEMB]S ( 9DEP5D5T *UR*ES1 & V>I\S O!R RELIGI\S SECTS1 & ALL CALL !MSELVES '*RI/IANS4' ,AL?\< EV]Y CA?OLIC IS A *RI/IAN IT W\LD BE 9ACCURATE TO SAY ?AT EV]Y *RI/IAN BELIEVES 9 CA?OLICISM4 ,WEB/] DEF9ES SOCIALISM AS FOLL[S -- "9,A BETT] ORD]$1 A MORE JU/1 & A MORE H>MONI\S >RANGEM5T ( SOCIAL AFFAIRS40 ,?AT IS ! 5D ( AN>*ISM4 ,AN>*ISM SEEKS A BETT] =M ( SOCIETY4 ,!N EV]Y ,AN>*I/ IS A ,SOCIALI/1 BUT EV]Y ,SOCIALI/ IS NOT NECESS>ILY AN ,AN>*I/4 ,AN>*I/S 9 !IR TURN >E DIVID$ 9TO TWO P>TIES -- ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/S1 & ,AN>*I/S :O HAVE ESP\S$ ! IDEAS ( ,PR\DHON4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION IS ! BODY REPRES5T+ ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/S4 ,POLITICALLY WE >E ,AN>*I/S1 & ECONOMICALLY WE >E ,COMMUNI/S OR ,SOCIALI/S4 ,9 ! MATT] ( POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/S DEM& ! ABOLITION ( POLITICAL P[]3 WE D5Y TO ANY CLASS OR TO ANY 9DIVIDUAL ! RI<T TO RULE OV] ANO!R CLASS OR 9DIVIDUAL4 ,WE ?9K !RE CANNOT BE FRE$OM AS LONG AS ONE NAAN IS TO BE F\ND UND] ! GOV]NM5T ( ANO!R1 AS LONG AS ONE MAN REMA9S MA/] ( HIS FELL[ 9 ANY RESPECT :ATEV]1 & AS LONG AS ! MEANS ( EXI/5CE >E MONOPOLIZ$ BY C]TA9 CLASSES OR C]TA9 9DIVIDUALS4 ,AS = ! ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 WE >E BELIEV]S 9 ! COMMUNI/ =M1 OR 9 ! COOP]ATIVE ME?OD ( PRODUCTION40 

,WE MI<T QUOTE /ILL MANY AU?ORS :O ALL SPEAK TO ! SAME EFFECT4 ,!RE IS !RE=E A COMMON PO9T ( DEP>TURE = ,SOCIALI/S & ,AN>*I/S4 

,9 ! SECOND PLACE1 ,M]L9O W\LD LIKE AN ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION3 

0,! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION1 ?AT EV]Y MAN MU/ WORK1 MU/ MAKE HIMSELF USEFUL TO HIS #g FELL[S1 UNLESS HE BE SICK OR 9CAPABLE -- ! PR9CIPLE ?AT EV]Y MAN MU/ MAKE HIMSELF USEFUL TO SOCIETY BY MEANS ( HIS LABOR HAS NO NE$ TO BE MADE 9TO A LAW2 IT MU/ BECOME P>T ( MORALITY1 P]MEATE PUBLIC OP9ION1 & BECOME1 SO TO SPEAK1 A P>T ( HUMAN NATURE4 ,IT WILL BE ! CORN] /ONE OV] :I* WILL BE ]ECT$ ! $IFICE ( HUMAN SOCIETY4 ,NO >RANGEM5T F\ND$ ON ?AT PR9CIPLE CAN PRODUCE S]I\S & P]MAN5T 9JU/ICE1 :ILE ! VIOLATION ( ?AT PR9CIPLE WILL UND\BT$LY BR+ BACK HUMANITY 9 A V]Y %ORT TIME TO ITS PRES5T CONDITION40 

,SO WE >E 9 AGREEM5T UPON ! ,ABOLITION ( ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY & ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,PRODUCTION4 

,H]E IS ! ?IRD PO9T3 ,M]L9O SETS \T ) ! IDEA ?AT 

! EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE CAN ONLY BE EFFECT$ BY =CE1 BY VIOL5T PROC$URE4 ,! REVOLT$ WORK]S HAVE NO NE$ TO ASK ANYBODY = P]MISSION TO TAKE POSSESSION ( ! FACTORIES1 WORKPLACES1 %OPS1 H\SES1 ETC41 & TO USE !M = ! PURPOSES = :I* !Y W]E CON/RUCT$4 ,?AT W\LD H[EV] BE H>DLY A COMM5CEM5T ( ! 9EVITABLE APPROPRIATION2 IT W\LD BE A M]E PRELIM9>Y4 ,IF EA* GR\P ( WORKM51 HAV+ TAK5 9TO !IR H&S A PORTION ( CAPITAL OR ( ! ACCUMULAT$ WEAL?1 WI% TO REMA9 ABSOLUTE MA/]S ( IT TO ! EXCLUSION ( O!R WORKM51 IF ONE GR\P WI%$ TO LIVE ON ! HEAP$-UP WEAL?1 & REFUSE TO WORK & TO COME TO AN UND]/&+ ) ! O!R GR\PS = ! ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 !RE W\LD SIMPLY BE1 UND] O!R NAMES & ) A *ANGE ( MONOPOLI/S1 ! CONT9UANCE ( ! EXI/+ REGIME4 ,! M]E ACT ( APPROPRIATION BY ! WORK]S CAN ONLY BE PROVISIONAL1 ! WEAL? TAK5 CAN ONLY BECOME COMMON PROP]TY :5 EV]YBODY WILL SET HIMSELF TO WORK1 :5 PRODUCTION %ALL BE ORGANIZ$ = ! G5]AL B5EFIT ( ! COMMUNITY40 

,=M]LY ,SOCIALI/S W]E 9 AGREEM5T ON ?AT PO9T1 BUT S9CE ! P>LIAM5T>Y MICROBE HAS DONE ITS EVIL WORK AMONG !M IT IS NOT SO4 

,AT ,]FURT1 ,LIEBKNE*T CALL$ VIOL5CE 0A REACTION>Y FACTOR40 ,H[ DOES HE RECONCILE ?AT DELIV]ANCE ) ! DI/9CT TEA*+ ( ,M>X1 HIS MA/]1 BY :OSE NAME HE SWE>S1 :O SAYS 9 HIS 0,CAPITAL10 0,VIOL5CE IS ! MIDWIFE ( EV]Y OLD SOCIETY AB\T TO GIVE BIR? TO ANEW4 ,VIOL5CE IS AN ECONOMIC FACTOR40 ,HE WROTE BESIDES 9 ! 0,DEUTS*-FRANZOSIS*5 ,JAHRBU*]10 0,! >M ( CRITICISM CANNOT FILL ! PLACE ( ! CRITICISM ?AT USES >MS4 ,MAT]IAL VIOL5CE CAN ONLY BE ABOLI%$ BY MAT]IAL VIOL5CE2 !ORETICAL TEA*+ ITSELF BECOMES MAT]IAL VIOL5CE AS SOON AS IT P]MEATES ! MAJORITY40 ,& IF EV5 ?AT IS NOT YET SUFFICI5TLY EXPLICIT1 :AT %ALL WE SAY ( ?AT QUOTATION FROM ,M>X 9 ! 0,NEUE ,RHE9IS*E ,ZEITUNG10 0,!RE #ah ONLY ONE MEANS ( LESS5+1 ( SIMPLIFY+1 ( CONC5TRAT+ ! FATALLY CRIM9AL SUFF]+S ( ?IS OLD SOCIETY1 & ITS HE>T-R5D+ PANGS 9 BR++ TO BIR? ! NEW1 & ?AT IS ,REVOLUTION>Y ,T]RORISM40 

,5GELS ADDS1 9 0,! ,CONDITION ( ! ,WORK+-,CLASS 9 ,5GL&10 

0,! ONLY POSSIBLE SOLUTION IS A VIOL5T REVOLUTION1 :I* CANNOT BE MU* LONG] ON ! WAY4 ,IT IS TOO LATE M[ TO HOPE = A PEACEFUL #h SOLUTION4 ,! CLASSES >E MORE ANTAGONI/IC ?AN EV]1 ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT IS P5ETRAT+ ! HE>T ( ! WORK]S4 !IR BITT]NESS IS 9CREAS+1 SKIRMI%ES >E 5L>G+ !MSELVES 9TO IMPORTANT COMBATS1 & SOON BUT A LITTLE PU% WILL BE NE$$ TO PUT EV]Y?+ 9 MOTION2 !N WILL RES\ND ! CRY ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY ',W> 'TO ! MANSIONS1 PEACE TO ! COTTAGES6' ,& ! RI* WILL COME ON ! SC5E TOO LATE TO /OP ! ONSLAU<T40 

,M>X & ,5GELS RECOGNIZE !RE=E VIOL5CE AS A REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR1 & WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ,LIEBKNE*T CALLS IT A REACTION>Y FACTOR1 ,IS HE NOT 9 COMPLETE OPPOSITION ) ! TWO FIR/ M5TION$8 

,SURELY ,M>X MU/ HAVE BE5 A QUACK1 A REVOLUTION>Y B\ND] ON ! B\NCE1 A 0,MAULHELD10 TO USE A WORD MU* 9 FAVOR AMONG ,G]MAN SOLDI]S4 ,HE BLUNTLY & )\T SUBT]FUGE DECL>ES ?AT VIOL5CE IS A REVOLUTION>Y FACTOR1 & NO:]E DO WE READ ?AT HE EV] ROSE TO ! SUP]IOR PO9T ( VIEW ( SOME MOD]N ,SOCIALI/S1 :O DESCRIBE VIOL5CE AS A REACTION>Y FACTOR4 

,NO REVOLUTIONI/ WILL REG>D VIOL5CE AS REVOLUTION>Y 9 ALL ITS =MS & 9 ALL CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,9 ?AT CASE EV]Y RIOT1 ANY CONSID]ABLE RESI/ANCE TO ! POLICE1 MI<T BE *>ACT]IZ$ AS T5D+ TO REVOLUTION4 ,BUT IT IS SURPRIS+ TO F9D ?AT SU* ACTS AS ! TAK+ ( ! ,BA/ILLE1 & ! FI<T+ ( ! WORK]S AT ! B>RICADES 9 #ahdh & #ahga >E TO BE CLASSIFI$ AS REACTION>Y4 

,IS IT POSSIBLE ?AT )\T LAU<+ WE CAN DESCRIBE A SPEE* 9 ,P>LIAM5T AS A REVOLUTION>Y ACT 8 ,IT MAY BE1 AS EV]Y?+ APPE>S POSSIBLE N[ADAYS4 ,WE HE> TELL ( P>LIAM5T>Y REVOLUTIONI/S1 ,YES1 PEOPLE HAVE BEGUN TO REG>D ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,SOCIALI/S AS REVOLUTIONI/S ( ! FIR/ WAT]4 ,!RE >E C]TA9 ,SOCIALI/S :O = C]TA9 DE$S EXPRESS !IR GRATITUDE TO ! ,CR[N1 !RE >E EV5 SOME1 LIKE ,LIEBKNE*T & HIS COLLEAGUES 9 ! ,SAXON ,L&TAG1 :O SWE> FIDELITY TO ! ,K+1 TO ! ROYAL H\SE1 & TO ! C\NTRY4 ,:5 BR\<T TO BOOK HE REPLI$ 

0,AS = ! /ATEM5T ( ! GOV]NM5T COMMISS>Y RESPECT+ ! OA?1 ,I AM SURPRIS$ ?AT ! PRESID5T HAS NOT TAK5 UP ! DEF5SE ( MY P>TY2 IT IS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT WE HOLD O!R VIEWS AB\T RELIGION1 BUT ?AT DOES NOT EXEMPT US FROM ! OBLIGATION 9CURR$ 9 TAK+ ! OA?4 ,9 MY P>TY WE RESPECT \R PL$G$ WORD1 & JU/ AS ,DEMOCRATIC ,SOCIALI/S HAVE KEPT !IR WORD1 !Y WILL KN[ H[ TO BE FAI?FUL TO !IR OA?40 

,CONSEQU5TLY !Y HAVE SWORN FEALTY TO ! K+ & HIS H\SE2 !Y >E ,ROYALI/ ,SOCIALI/S4 ,!RE >E SOME 9 ,HOLL& :O >E UND] HI< M9I/]IAL PATRONAGE BECAUSE !Y BELONG TO ! IMPORTANT GR\P 79 ?IS RESPECT LIKE ,BEBEL & ,VOLLM>7 :O SEEK AN IMPROV$ /ATE ( SOCIETY BY /RICTLY LEGAL ME?ODS4 

,DO !Y REALLY BELIEVE ?AT \R PRES5T B\RGEOIS /ATE ( SOCIETY W\LD EV] HAVE ISSU$ FROM ! WOMB ( FEUDALISM )\T =C+ ! PEASANTS FROM ! SOIL & PASS+ BLOOD?IR/Y LAWS AGA9/ ! VICTIMS ( !IR SPOILATION1 & )\T ! VIOL5T DE/RUCTION ( ALL ! OLD IDEAS ) REF]5CE TO PROP]TY2 & DO !Y ?9K ?AT ! PRES5T SOCIETY WILL GIVE BIR? TO A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY )\T VIOL5T REVOLUTIONS8 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO BE MI/AK5 ON ?IS PO9T1 & YET #i !Y MAKE ! PUBLIC BELIEVE SU* SILL9ESS4 ,LIEBKNE*T SAID 9 ! ,REI*/AG ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE TO SETTLE ! SOCIAL QUE/ION BY MEANS ( RE=MS4 ,AH1 WELL6 ,DOES HE BELIEVE IT -- YES OR NO8 ,IF YES1 HE COMPLETELY REPUDIATES ! ,LIEBKNE*T ( ! PA/1 :O TAU<T EXACTLY ! OPPOSITE4 ,IF NO1 HE MAKES PEOPLE BELIEVE IT & LEADS !M BY ! NOSE4 ,!RE IS NO ESCAPE FROM ! ALT]NATIVE4 

,( :AT USE !N IS IT TO ORGANIZE ! WORK]S1 UNLESS TO MAKE ( !M A P[] HO/ILE TO ! P[] ( ! POSSESS+ CLASSES8 ,CAN IT BE ?AT SU* AN ORGANIZATION IS ALSO A REACTION>Y FACTOR8 ,IF WE ?\<T \RSELVES /RONG 5\<1 DO Y\ ?9K ?AT WE W\LD 5DURE ONE DAY LONG] \R CONDITION ( SLAV]Y1 POV]TY1 & MIS]Y8 ,IT W\LD BE A CRIME TO DO SO4 ,! KN[L$GE ( \R WEAKNESS ?R\< LACK ( ORGANIZATION IS ! ONLY REASON :Y WE TOL]ATE ! EXI/+ /ATE ( ?+S4 ,GOV]NM5TS KN[ ?IS BETT] ?AN WE DO4 ,:Y ELSE %\LD !Y CONT9UALLY SEEK TO 9CREASE !IR P[]8 ,! ANTAGONI/IC =CES BO? ORGANIZE !MSELVES1 & EA* TRIES TO =CE ! O!R TO ILL-CONSID]$ ACTION1 SO AS TO PR(IT BY IT4 

,EV]Y?+ DEP5DS MOREOV] ON ! CONCEPTION ( ! /ATE4 ,LIEBKNE*T & HIS ANTI-REVOLUTIONI/ FRI5DS TAKE QUITE A DIFF]5T VIEW ( IT FROM ,M>X4 ,:ILE ! LATT] WROTE1 

,! /ATE IS P[]LESS TO ABOLI% PAUP]ISM4 ,SO F> AS /ATES HAVE CONC]N$ !MSELVES ) PAUP]ISM !Y HAVE CONF9$ !MSELVES TO POLICE REGULATIONS1 *>ITY1 ETC4 ,! /ATE CAN DO NO?+ MORE4 ,= REALLY TO ABOLI% POV]TY ! /ATE MU/ ABOLI% ITSELF1 = ! S\RCE ( ! EVIL LIES 9 ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( ! /ATE1 & NOT1 AS MANY RADICALS & REVOLUTIONI/S BELIEVE1 9 A DEF9ITE IDEAL /ATE1 ?AT !Y PROPOSE TO REPLACE ! EXI/+ /ATE4 ,! EXI/5CE ( ! /ATE & ! EXI/5CE ( SLAV]Y >E 9SEP>ABLE4 ,! /ATE & ANCI5T SLAV]Y W]E NOT MORE 9TIMATELY B\ND TOGE!R ?AN >E ! /ATE & MOD]N CAPITALI/ SOCIETY40 

,LIEBKNE*T BELIEVES ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO TAKE C>E ( ! POOR1 ( ! HELPLESS1 AS LONG AS LIFE LA/S1 & 9 ?IS CONNECTION HE USES 9 ,P>LIAM5T ! FOLL[+ LANGUAGE1 :I* =MS A /RIK+ CONTRA/ ) ! LANGUAGE ( ,M>X3 

,WE ?9K ?IS GREAT CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! V]Y RI* & ! V]Y POOR IS A SIGN ( \R L[ CIVILIZATION4 ,WE ?9K ?AT ! UPW>D PROGRESS ( CIVILIZATION WILL GRADUALLY CAUSE ?IS OPPOSITION TO DISAPPE>1 & WE BELIEVE ?AT ! /ATE 7( :I* WE HAVE ! NOBLE/ CONCEPTION AS TO ITS 5D7 HAS LAID UPON IT ! CIVILIZ+ MISSION ( BRIDG+ ! GULF BETWE5 RI* & POOR1 & BECAUSE WE ATTRIBUTE ?IS MISSION TO ! /ATE WE ACCEPT 9 PR9CIPLE ! BILL BR\<T =W>D40 

,SO :ILE ! ONE BELIEVES ?AT ! /ATE MU/ FIR/ BE ABOLI%$1 BE=E ! ANTAGONISM BETWE5 RI* & POOR CAN BE MADE TO DISAPPE>1 ! O!R IS ( OP9ION ?AT ! /ATE IS 9SPIR$ ) A MISSION TO ABOLI% ?AT ANTAGONISM4 

,) ! FIR/ ( !SE CONT5TIONS ! LA/ IS 9 COMPLETE OPPOSITION1 JU/ AS 9 ! FOLL[+ LANGUAGE3 

0,ONLY BY LEGISLATION1 NUT NECESS>ILY *RI/IAN1 BUT REALLY HUMANE1 ( A CIVILIZ+ 9FLU5CE1 IMBU$ ) ! SOCIALI/IC SPIRIT1 CONC]N+ ITSELF ) ! 9T]E/S ( WORK & ! WORK]S1 BUSY+ ITSELF #a S]I\SLY & 5]GETICALLY ) ! LABOR PROBLEM1 & RE/OR+ TO ! /ATE ITS HI<E/ FUNCTION1 WILL Y\ BE ABLE TO AVOID A REVOLUTION4 ,9 ONE WORD1 Y\ WILL ESCAPE REVOLUTION ONLY BY PURSU+ ! PA? ( RE=M -- ( REAL & ?OR\< RE=M4 ,IF Y\ PASS ! LAW ) ! AM5DM5TS -- ) ! AM5DM5TS WE HAVE ADD$ TO IT1 TO CORRECT ITS DEFICI5CIES1 Y\ WILL HAVE MADE A LONG /EP 9 ! DIRECTION ( RE=M1 ,BY ?AT C\RSE ( ACTION Y\ WILL NOT UND]M9E ! F\NDATIONS ( SOCIALISM1 BUT Y\ WILL HAVE DONE IT A S]VICE1 = ?IS LAW IS A TE/IMONY 9 FAVOR ( ! TRU? ( ! SOCIALI/ IDEA40 

,DR4 ,MULL]1 AFT] HAV+ QUOT$ !SE DECL>ATIONS1 APTLY REM>KS1 0,A PAT*$-UP K9D ( /ATE SOCIALISM IS !N A TE/IMONY 9 FAVOR ( ! SOCIALI/ IDEA60 

,?IS IS ! L5G? TO :I* !Y HAVE ALREADY TRAVEL$1 & IT MAY HELP US TO UND]/& ?+S YET MORE SURPRIS+4 ,BUT = ! 5]GY ( ! Y\NG] SPIRITS1 ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY W\LD HAVE SUNK /ILL MORE DEEPLY 9 ! MIRE4 

,?AT !RE IS A G5]AL AL>M AB\T ! GR[? ( ! P>LIAM5T>IANISM :I* SUBORD9ATES ! ECONOMIC TO ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE IS CLE>LY EVID5T FROM ! QUE/IONS SET = DISCUSSION AT ! ,ZURI* ,9T]NATIONAL ,CONGRESS4 ,! ,SWISS ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY DECL>$ 9 ITS PROPOSITION ?AT 0,P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 :]E ITS P[] IS UN*ECK$1 LEADS TO ! CORRUPTION & ! BAMBOOZLEM5T ( ! PEOPLE40 

,! ,AM]ICANS AFFIRM$ ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO BE C>EFUL ?AT ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY PRES]V$ FAI?FULLY ITS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]1 & ?AT IT DID NOT RECOGNIZE ! SY/EM PURSU$ AT ! PRES5T DAY BY ! GOV]N+ CLASSES4 

,WE CLE>LY P]CEIVE ?AT P>LIAM5T>IANISM DOES NOT GIVE SUFFICI5T GU>ANTEES4 ?AT IT WILL PRES]VE TO SOCIALISM ITS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]4 ,:5EV] ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY FALLS 9TO ! DANG] ( BECOM+ A WRECK UPON ! ROCKS ( P>LIAM5T>IANISM1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S WILL UTT] A %RILL CRY ( AL>M1 & ?AT WILL BE A PUBLIC B5EFIT4 

,WE BELIEVE ?AT ,AN>*I/S & REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S CAN ACCEPT )\T SE>*+ ( HE>T ! FOLL[+ PROGRAM2 MOREOV]1 ! ,AN>*I/S :O MET AT ,ZURI* DECL>$ ?AT IT WAS UNOBJECTIONABLE3 

@<@<,ALL ?OSE :O RECOGNIZE ?AT PRIVATE PROP]TY IS ! S\RCE ( EV]Y 9IQUITY1 & BELIEVE ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! PROLET>IAT IS ONLY POSSIBLE ?R\< ! ABOLITION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY -- 

0,ALL ?OSE :O RECOGNIZE ?AT ANY ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION MU/ HAVE = ITS BASIC PR9CIPLE ?AT EV]Y MEMB] ( SOCIETY MU/ DO SOME USEFUL WORK 9 ORD] TO 5TITLE HIM TO A %>E 9 ! PRODUCTS RESULT+ FROM ! LABOR ( ! COMMUNITY-- 

0,ALL ?OSE :O AGREE ?AT ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! B\RGEOISIE MU/ BE AIM$ AT BY EV]Y POSSIBLE MEANS1 :E!R LEGAL OR ILLEGAL1 PEACEABLE OR VIOL5T -- 

0,CAN COOP]ATE 9 ! OV]?R[ ( MOD]N SOCIETY & 9 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A NEW SOCIETY40 

,9 PLACE ( BE+ IRRECONCILEABLE OPPON5TS1 REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM #aa & AN>*ISM CAN !RE=E COOP]ATE4 ,WE >E 9 H>MONY ) ,TEI/L] :5 HE DECL>ES 9 HIS PAMPHLET1 0,LE ,P>LEM5T>ISME ET LA ,CLASSE ,\VRI]E0 7,NO4 #a ( ! ,B]L9 ,SOCIALI/ ,LIBR>Y71 

0,! WORK+ CLASS WILL NEV] OBTA9 ANY ADVANTAGE BY POLITICO-P>LIAM5T>Y ME?ODS4 ,BE+ AN OPPRESS$ SOCIAL /RATUM IT WILL EX]CISE NO 9FLU5CE SO LONG AS CLASS PR$OM9ANCE %ALL EXI/4 ,IT WILL BE SOME TIME AFT] ! PROLET>IAT HAVE COME 9TO POSSESSION ( ECONOMIC SUPREMACY ?AT ! POLITICAL /R5G? ( ! B\RGEOISIE WILL BREAK D[N4 ,USELESS !RE=E TO RECKON UPON 9FLU5CE A*IEV$ ?R\< LEGISLATION4 ,BESIDES1 POLITICAL P[] C\LD NEV] REA* ! ECONOMIC 5D DESIR$ BY ! WORK]S4 ,= ?IS IS H[ EV5TS WILL REALLY FALL 9TO SEQU5CE3 ,AS SOON AS ! PROLET>IAT %ALL HAVE DE/ROY$ ! PRES5T =M ( PRODUCTION1 ! POLITICAL SCAFFOLD+ ( ! /ATE WILL FALL TO PIECES4 ,BUT ! :OLE POLITICAL ORGANIZATION CANNOT BE *ANG$ BY A POLITICAL ACTION4 ,H[1 = EXAMPLE1 >E WE BY POLITICAL MEANS TO DISMISS OR R5D] EFFICI5T ! WAGES QUE/ION8 ,! V]Y SUPPOSITION IS ABSURD6 ,! :OLE ( MOD]N ECONOMIC LEGISLATION IS ONLY ! SANCTION1 ! CODIFICATION ( EXI/+ CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ( PRACTICES COMMONLY OCCURR+4 ,ONLY :5 !Y %ALL HAVE ACQUIR$ AN 9FLU5TIAL POSITION1 OR :5 #aT WILL BE = ! PR(IT ( ! DOM9ANT CLASSES1 WILL ! WORK]S OBTA9 ANY?+ BY P>LIAM5T>Y ME?ODS4 ,9 ANY CASE ! SOCIAL MOVEM5T CON/ITUTES ! MOTIVE P[]4 ,?AT IS :Y IT IS 9EXCUSABLE TO TRY TO DRIVE ! WORK]S FROM ECONOMIC GR\ND TO GR\ND PURELY POLITICAL40 

,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S1 ALONG ) ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/S IF POSSIBLE1 %\LD GUIDE ! CLASS W>1 ORGANIZE ! MASSES1 & USE /RIKES AS !IR M$IUM ( POLITICAL P[]1 9/EAD ( WA/+ !IR /R5G? 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 ,LET US LEAVE !RE=E POLITIES TO ! POLITICIANS4 

,AS LONG AS ! P[] ( CAPITAL %ALL EXI/1 SO LONG WILL P>LIAM5T>IANISM BE A WEAPON EMPLOY$ BY ! 0HAVES0 AGA9/ ! 0HAVE-NOTS01 ,& CAPITALISM %[S ITS H& EV5 9 ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY1 A FACT ( :I* WE MI<T GIVE NUM]\S 9/ANCES1 ,WE MI<T CITE ! MODEL EXP]IM5T 9 COOP]ATION BY ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ,<5T1 :]E TYRANNY IS 9 =CE & :]E FRE$OM ( CRITICISM IS SUPPRESS$1 AYE1 PUNI%$ ) ! LOSS ( EMPLOYM5T4 ,! SAME FE> :I* H9D]S ! WORKPEOPLE ( A FACTORY1 ?REAT5$ ) ! DEPRIVATION ( !IR DAILY BREAD1 FROM SPEAK+ ! TRU? AGA9/ !IR EMPLOY]1 OR :I* =CES !M TO SIGN A PAP] 9 :I* -- CONTR>Y TO !IR KN[L$GE ( FACTS -- !Y PROTE/ AGA9/ SOME ATTACK UPON ! MANUFACTUR]1 ?AT V]Y FE> H9D]S ! ,SOCIALI/S ( ?AT PLACE FROM CORROBORAT+ ! TRU? :I* ,I MYSELF PROCLAIM FE>LESSLY BECAUSE ,I AM 9DEP5D5T ( !M4 

,LOOK AT C\NTRIES :]E UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE EXI/S AS 9 ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE4 ,IS ! LOT ( ! WORK] !RE ANY BETT]8 ,CONSID] ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 :]E1 UND] ! OMNIPOT5CE ( CAPITALISM1 ! ELECTIONS >E V]ITABLE HOTB$S ( CORRUPTION4 ,ONE ( !SE ELECTIONE]+ G5]ALS 7:O BY ! L>GE AM\NT ( MONEY HE CONTROLL$ WAS ABLE TO SECURE ! ELECTION ( ! TWO LA/ PRESID5TS1 ,H>RISON #ab & ! RESPECTABLE ,CLEVEL&7 WAS LATELY IMPEA*$ & CONDEMN$ TO SEV]AL YE>S' IMPRISONM5T4 ,9 FACT ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E GOV]N$ BY !SE M]C5>IES 9 ! PAY ( ! BLOAT$ F9ANCI]S1 :O >E REALLY ! M5 :O PO9T \T ! POLITICAL GAME ?AT IS TO BE PLAY$4 

,WE CANNOT CONDEMN ! POOR DEVIL :O PREF]S TO ACCEPT A FEW FRANCS = HIS VOTE RA!R ?AN SUFF] />VATION ALONG ) HIS WIFE & *ILDR54 ,IT IS ! MO/ NATURAL ?+ 9 ! WORLD4 ,:OEV] %ALL (F] HIM ! MO/ %ALL 5ROLL HIM EI!R AS A CL]ICAL1 A LIB]AL1 OR AN 5?USIA/IC ,SOCIALI/4 ,HE IS DRIV5 TO ! POLITICAL MANG] BY HUNG]1 & = ?AT REASON WE HAVE NOT ! HE>T TO CONDEMN HIM4 

,ON ?IS SUBJECT ! REM>K ( ,H5RY ,GEORGE IS MU* TO ! PO9T3 0,! MILLIONAIRE ALWAYS SUPPORTS ! P>TY 9 P[]1 H[EV] CORRUPT IT BE4 ,HE NEV] TRIES TO 9TRODUCE RE=M1 = 9/9CTIVELY HE FE>S *ANGE4 ,NEV] DOES HE FI<T ) A BAD GOV]NM5T4 ,IF HE IS ?REAT5$ BY ?OSE :O HOLD POLITICAL P[] HE DOES NOT /IR1 HE MAKES NO APPEAL TO ! PEOPLE1 BUT HE CORRUPTS ! OPPOS+ =CE ) MONEY40 ,9 REALITY POLITICS HAS BECOME A MATT] ( BUS9ESS & NO?+ ELSE4 ,IS IT NOT TRUE 0?AT A SOCIETY MADE UP ( ! EXCESSIVELY RI* & ! EXCESSIVELY POOR BECOMES AN EASY PREY TO ?OSE :O SEEK TO POSSESS !MSELVES ( P[]80 

,AH WELL6 IF ?AT BE TRUE1 WE >E P]SUAD$ ?AT ! POLITICAL W> DOES NOT HELP US -- C\LD NOT HELP US4 ,= MEAN:ILE ! ECONOMIC EVOLUTION WILL BE ON US ) ! TIDE4 ,A DEMOCRATIC CON/ITUTION & A BAD GOV]NM5T CAN TRAVEL 9 H>NESS4 ,! KEY TO EV]Y POLITICAL PROBLEM IS ! SOCIAL QUE/ION1 & ?OSE :O 5DEAVOR TO GET HOLD ( POLITICAL P[] DO NOT ATTACK ! EVIL AT A VITAL PO9T4 

,WE MU/ VOTE RI<TLY1 & IF P>LIAM5T>IANISM HAS GIV5 US NO?+ UP TO N[ IT IS BECAUSE WE HAVE VOT$ WRONG4 ,TRY TO GET M5 CAPABLE ( DO+ !IR WORK1 CRY ! POLITICAL QUACKS4 ,EXACTLY1 REPLY WE1 LET US TRY TO CAT* BIRDS BY PUTT+ SALT ON !IR TAILS4 

,! COLLECTIVI/S TAKE OCCASION TO BE SATISFI$ ) ! M>* ( EV5TS4 ,EMILE ,V&]VELDE SAYS 9 HIS PI?Y PAMPHLET1 

0,LOOK+ ONLY AT ! PROSPECT ( MAT]IAL WEAL?1 ! IMPELL+ =CE ( ! TWO SY/EMS W\LD BE APPRECIABLY EQUIVAL5T4 ,BUT WE MU/ TAKE 9TO ACC\NT1 TO ! CR$IT ( ! COLLECTIVI/ SOLUTION1 A MORAL FACTOR :OSE 9FLU5CE WILL GO ON CONT9UALLY 9CREAS+4 ,9 PLACE ( BE+ ! SUBORD9ATES ( AN ANONYM\S SOCIETY1 ?OSE :O ACTUALLY GUIDE ! 9DU/RIAL >MY W\LD BECOME PUBLIC M51 5D[$ BY ! WORK]S !MSELVES ) A C]TIFICATE ( CONFID5CE40 

,BUT HE =GETS TO ADD ?AT1 ACCORD+ TO HIS IDEA1 ! WORK]S WILL ALL BE 0! SUBORD9ATES ( A GREAT ANONYM\S SOCIETY10 NAMELY ! /ATE--?AT IS TO SAY1 ?AT !RE WILL NOT BE MU* ADVANCE4 ,LET US 5DEAVOR TO ABOLI% TYRANNY ALTOGE!R1 NOT M]ELY TO HAVE A *ANGE ( TYRANTS4 ,BY COLLECTIVISM WE SUCCE$ ONLY 9 *ANG+ \R MA/]S1 NOT 9 SUPPRESS+ !M4 ,SU* A /ATE WILL BE 9F9ITELY MORE TYRANNICAL ?AN ! EXI/+ /ATE4 

,PLATO1 9 HIS 0,REPUBLIC10 MADE ! FOLL[+ REFLECTION3 

 "9,= ?IS REASON GOOD M5 REFUSE TO GOV]N1 EI!R = MONEY OR #ac HONOR1 = !Y >E UNWILL+ TO BE CONSID]$ EI!R M]C5>IES OR ?IEVES 9 PUBLICLY ACCEPT+ OR PRIVATELY APPROPRIAT+ MONEY2 NEI!R DO !Y ATTA* VALUE TO HONORS4 ,BY =CE & P5ALTIES WE MI<T CON/RA9 !M TO ACCEPT P[]1 BUT !Y ?9K ! CONDUCT ( HIM SC&AL\S :O SEEKS A GOV]NM5TAL POSITION & DOES NOT WAIT TILL HE BE =C$ TO ACCEPT IT1 ,ACTUALLY ! GREATE/ PUNI%M5T = ?OSE :O >E UNWILL+ TO GOV]N IS ?AT !Y MU/ BECOME SUBJECT TO ! MORALLY 9F]IOR1 & IT IS TO AVOID ?AT1 ,I BELIEVE1 ?AT GOOD M5 TAKE UP ! BUS9ESS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT !N !Y DO NOT ACCEPT IT AS A ?+ ?AT WILL BR+ MU* PLEASURE1 BUT US AN UNAVOIDABLE TASK ?AT !Y CANNOT TURN OV] TO O!RS4 ,= ?AT REASON ,I ?9K ?AT IF EV] !RE %\LD EXI/ A /ATE EXCLUSIVELY COMPOS$ ( GOOD M5 !Y W\LD SEEK AS MU* NOT TO GOV]N AS !RE >E SOME N[ ANXI\S TO GOV]N1 & IT W\LD BE DEMON/RAT$ ?AT A TRUE GOV]NM5T DOES NOT SEEK ITS [N 9T]E/1 BUT ?AT ( ITS SUBORD9ATES1 & ?AT CONSEQU5TLY EV]Y WISE MAN W\LD PREF] TO F9D HIMSELF UND] ! DIRECTION ( O!RS RA!R ?AN TO BE HIMSELF BURD5$ ) P[]40 

,:I* PROVES ?AT ,PLATO HAD ALSO SOME AN>*I/ T5D5CIES4 

,ACTUALLY IT IS (T5 SAID3 ,:ATEV] HAPP5S1 WE MU/ 9 ANY CASE PASS ?R\< ! /ATE SOCIALISM ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS BE=E WE REALIZE A BETT] SOCIETY4 ,WE DO NOT CONFID5TLY SAY 0,NO40 ,BUT IF ?AT MU/ BE SO1 WE %ALL YET HAVE F> & LONG TO FI<T \R WAY4 ,IF ! SIGNS ( ! TIMES DO NOT DECEIVE US WE SEE ALREADY ! L[] MIDDLE CLASS1 9 COMB9ATION ) ! >I/OCRACY ( ! WORK]S1 PREP>+ TO TAKE OV] POLITICAL P[] FROM ! H&S ?AT HOLD IT TODAY4 ,?AT WILL BE ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! F\R? /ATE1 BEH9D :I* HAS ALREADY =M$ A FIF?4 ,& DO NOT ?9K = A MOM5T ?AT ! FIF? /ATE WILL BE HAPPI] UND] ! RULE ( ! F\R? ?AN ! F\R? IS N[ UND] ! DOM9ATION ( ! ?IRD4 ,JUDG+ FROM SOME REC5T EV5TS WE MAY V]Y JU/IFIABLY 5T]TA9 REASONABLE APPREH5SIONS4 ,:AT IS LEFT ( FRE$OM ( ?\<T & SPEE* 9 ! (FICIAL ,G]MAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC P>TY8 ,! DISCIPL9E ( ! P>TY HAS BECOME A TYRANNY1 & WOE TO HIM :O OPPOSES ! LEAD]S ( ! P>TY -- !Y MAKE %ORT WORK ( HIM4 ,:AT LIB]TY IS !RE 9 ! MU* BELAUD$ COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES ( ,BELGIUM8 ,WE C\LD PRODUCE EVID5CE TO PROVE ?AT SU* A LIB]TY IS A MORE GRIEV\S DESPOTISM ?AN IS ORD9>ILY MET )4 ,9 ANY CASE ! FIF? /ATE WILL HAVE ! SAME /RUGGLE TO MA9TA91 & A /UP5D\S EF=T WILL BE NECESS>Y TO FREE IT FROM ! DOM9ATION ( ! F\R? /ATE4 ,& IF !RE %\LD SUBSEQU5TLY BE A DOM9ATION ( ! FIF? /ATE TO ! DETRIM5T ( ! SIX?1 & SO ON1 H[ V]Y PROLONG$ WILL BE SUFF]+S ( ! PROLET>IAT8 ,ONCE A SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC /ATE HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ IT WILL NOT BE EASY TO ABOLI% IT1 & IT IS V]Y POSSIBLE IT MAY BE LESS DIFFICULT TO /RANGLE IT AT ITS BIR? ?AN TO DEPOSE IT :5 IT %ALL HAVE BE5 E/ABLI%$4 ,WE CANNOT EXPECT ?AT ! PEOPLE1 AFT] HAV+ EXHAU/$ !IR /R5G? 9 A ,HOM]IC CONTE/ ) ! B\RGEOISIE1 WILL BE READY AT ONCE TO 5T] UPON A /RUGGLE ) ! BUREAUCRATIC ,/ATE ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4 ,IF WE EV] BECOME ! SUBJECTS ( #ad SU* A /ATE WE WILL BE = A LONG TIME ! VICTIMS ( ITS BLESS+S4 ,FROM ! *RI/IAN REVOLUTION AT ! COMM5CEM5T ( \R ]A -- :I* HAD 9 ! BEG9N+ A SIMIL> COMMUNI/ T5D5CY -- WE HAVE FALL5 9TO ! H&S ( CL]ICAL & FEUDAL DESPOTISM1 & WE HAVE ACTUALLY BE5 SUBJECT TO IT = NE>LY N9ETE5 C5TURIES4 

,IF ?AT CAN BE AVOID$1 LET US TRY \R BE/4 

,LIEBKNE*T1 AT ,B]L91 EXPRESS$ HIS BELIEF ?AT /ATE SOCIALISM & SOCIAL DEMOCRACY W]E ON ! EVE ( !IR F9AL BATTLE4 ,! FUR!R CAPITALISM GOES TO RU91 ROT1 & DISSOLUTION1 ! MORE CLE>LY DOES B\RGEOIS SOCIETY P]CEIVE ?AT 9 ! 5D IT CANNOT DEF5D ITSELF AGA9/ ! ATTACKS ( SOCIALI/ IDEAS1 & SO MU* NE>] DO WE APPROA* ! MOM5T :5 /ATE SOCIALISM WILL BE S]I\SLY PROCLAIM$3 & ! LA/ BATTLE ?AT SOCIAL DEMOCRACY HAS GOT TO WAGE WILL BE BEGUN UND] ! DEVICE1 0,H]E SOCIAL DEMOCRACY3 !RE /ATE SOCIALISM40 ,! FIR/ P>T IS TRUE1 ! SECOND NOT4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT BY ?AT TIME ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS WILL HAVE BE5 SO ABSORB$ BY ! ,/ATE ,SOCIALI/S ?AT !Y WILL FI<T AS ALLIES4 ,LET US NOT =GET ?AT TO ALL APPE>ANCE ! REVOLUTION WILL NOT BE BR\<T AB\T BY ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS1 :O = ! MO/ P>T HAVE ?R[N (F -- EXCEPT 9 WORDS -- !IR REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]1 BUT BY ! MOB :O HAV+ BECOME IMPATI5T WILL BEG9 ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! ADVICE ( !IR LEAD]S4 ,& :5 ! MOB %ALL HAVE RISK$ ITS LIFE1 & ! REVOLUTION %ALL HAVE BE5 COMPLET$1 ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS WILL SUDD5LY RU% TO ! FRONT& TRY TO APPROPRIATE 7)\T /RIK+ A BL[7 ! HONORS ( ! REVOLUTION1 & CLAIM IT AS !IR [N WORK4 

,9 TRU?1 ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S >E NOT )\T RESPONSIBILITY2 IT LIES ) !M TO SANCTION A DICTATOR%IP1 OR TO U%] 9 AN ]A ( FRE$OM4 ,IT \<T TO BE !IR 5DEAVOR ?AT AFT] ! /RUGGLE ! MOB BE NOT DISMISS$ ) ?ANKS = S]VICES R5D]$1 & ?AT IT BE NOT DIS>M$1 = ?OSE :O HAVE MI<T CAN ASS]T ! RI<T4 ,!Y MU/ PREV5T O!RS FROM />T+ UP & ORGANIZ+ !MSELVES AS A C5TRAL COMMITTEE1 OR AS A GOV]NM5T UND] ANY =M :ATEV]1 & ESPECIALLY1 ( C\RSE1 !Y MU/ NOT REVEAL !MSELVES 9 !SE OBJECTIONABLE %APES4 ,! PEOPLE MU/ BE ALL[$ TO MANAGE !IR [N AFFAIRS & TO DEF5D !IR [N 9T]E/S IF !Y DO NOT WI% TO BE AGA9 DEFRAUD$4 ,! PEOPLE MU/ LOOK ) SUSPICION UPON ELOQU5T DISS]TATIONS ON ! RI<TS ( MAN ISSU$ ON PAP]1 & TAKE C>E ?AT :5 ! SOCIALIZATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION IS DECRE$ !Y DO NOT PASS AGA9 9 REALITY UND] ! P[] ( NEW RUL]S1 *OS5 UND] ! MIS*IEV\S 9FLU5CE ( ELECTORAL 9TRIGUES 7NOT UNKN[N :]E UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE PREVAILS7 & UND] ! DISGUISE ( A %AM DEMOCRACY4 ,WE HAVE HAD 5\< ( RE=MS ON PAP]4 ,IT IS TIME ?AT WE HAD SOME?+ G5U9E 9 ! WAY ( RE=M1 & ?AT WILL ONLY COME AB\T :5 ! PEOPLE REALLY HOLD ! RE9S ( P[]4 ,LET !RE BE NO MORE PLAY ON ! WORDS 0EVOLUTION0 & 0REVOLUTION01 AS IF !Y W]E OPPOSITES4 ,BO? HAVE ! SAME MEAN+ -- !IR ONLY DIFF]5CE CONSI/S 9 ! TIME ( !IR APPE>ANCE4 

,DEVILLE1 :OM NOBODY WILL SUSPECT ( AN>*ISM1 BUT :O IS KN[N #ae & RECOGNIZ$ AS A ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRAT1 & :O WIELDS SOME 9FLU5CE1 RECOGNIZES ?IS FACT1 AS WE DO4 ,HE WRITES3 0,EVOLUTION & REVOLUTION DO NOT CONTRADICT EA* O!R2 ON ! CONTR>Y1 !Y SUCCE$ & COMPLETE EA* O!R -- ! SECOND IS ! CONCLUSION ( ! FIR/4 ,REVOLUTION IS ONLY ! *>ACT]I/IC CRISIS :I* EFFECTIVELY 5DS A P]IOD ( EVOLUTION40 

,9 FACT REVOLUTION IS NO?+ ELSE ?AN ! 9EVITABLE F9AL PHASE ( ALL EVOLUTION1 BUT !RE IS NO OPPOSITION BETWE5 !SE TWO T]MS1 AS IS (T5 SUGGE/$4 ,TO AVOID ALL CONFUSION1 & ?AT IT MAY BE REMEMB]$1 WE MAY BRIEFLY /ATE ! DIFF]5CE4 ,A REVOLUTION IS A RAPID *ANGE1 EASILY NOTIC$1 FROM ONE CONDITION TO ANO!R4 ,AN EVOLUTION IS A MU* SL[] TRANSITION1 ) PROGRESS LESS P]CEPTIBLE4 

,LET US N[ 5DEAVOR TO E/ABLI% ! CONCLUSION ?AT ,S,O,C,I,A,L,I,S,M ,I,S ,9 ,D,A,N,G,] 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! T5D5CY ( ! VA/ MAJORITY4 ,! *IEF DANG] IS ! 9FLU5CE ( CAPITALISM ON ! SOCIAL DEMOCRATIC P>TY4 ,9DE$ ! LESS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! P>TY 9 SOME C\NTRIES >ISES FROM ! FACT ?AT A F> GREAT] NUMB] ( ADH]5TS ( ! P>TY !RE HAVE SOME?+ TO LOSE IF A VIOL5T SOCIAL *ANGE W]E TO TAKE PLACE4 ,?AT IS :Y ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY %[S ITSELF BY DEGREES MORE MOD]ATE1 WELL-BELOV$1 PRACTICAL1 DIPLOMATIC 79 ITS [N LANGUAGE1 MORE CUNN+71 UNTIL ULTIMATELY IT WILL BECOME ?9-BLOOD$ BY REASON ( ITS CUNN+1 & SO PALE ?AT IT SOON WON'T KNAW ITSELF4 ,SOCIAL DEMOCRACY WILL CAPTURE /ILL MORE VOTES1 AL?\< ! 9CREASE IS NOT AS RAPID AS ,MESSRS4 ,5GELS & ,BEBEL IMAG9$ IT W\LD BE1 !RE WILL BE MORE MEMB]S ( ,P>LIAM5T1 MORE COMMUNAL C\NCILORS & O!R SOCIALI/ DIGNIT>IES1 MORE NEWSPAP]S1 BOOK %OPS1 & PR9T+ (FICES2 9 C\NTRIES LIKE ,BELGIUM & ,D5M>K !RE WILL BE MORE BAK]IES1 DRUG %OPS1 COOP]ATIVE /ORES1 ETC42 ,G]MANY WILL FURNI% MORE CIG> M]*ANTS1 BREW]Y FIRMS1 ETC42 9 A WORD1 A GREAT NUMB] ( P]SONS WILL BE ECONOMICALLY DEP5D5T ON ! FUTURE 0PEACEABLE & CALM DEVELOPM5T0 ( ! MOVEM5T2 ?AT IS TO SAY1 ?AT ANY REALLY REVOLUTION>Y ACTION W\LD BE DANG]\S TO !IR 9T]E/S4 ,& !SE >E PRECISELY ! LEAD]S ( ! P>TY1 &1 9 CONSEQU5CE ( ! 0DISCIPL9E01 ALMO/ OMNIPOT5T4 ,9 ?IS CASE AS 9 O!RS IT IS ECONOMIC CONDITIONS :I* GUIDE ! POLICY ( ! P>TY4 ,:5 WE SEE ! ,G]MAN P>TY PATT$ ON ! BACK BY ! B\RGEOIS PRESS1 AS IS SOMETIMES DONE1 PUTT+ IT 9 CONTRA/ ) VULG> ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S1 IT GIVES MAT]IAL = REFLECTION4 ,ONE ( \R LEAD+ NEWSPAP]S PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ P>AGRAPH1 9 :I* !RE IS SOME?+ SUGGE/IVE = ! ?\<TFUL OBS]V]3 0,\R ,SOCIALI/S 9 !SE LAT] YE>S HAVE BECOME SO REF9$1 HAVE SO CURL$ & POMAD$ !MSELVES 9 ! MO/ REC5T P>LIAM5T>Y /YLE1 ?AT WE MAY SAY ?AT WE >E WITNESSES ( ! BEG9N+ ( ! GRADUAL TRANS=MATION ( A P>TY MO/ REVOLUTION>Y 9TO A P>TY NOT EXACTLY RADICAL1 BUT :I* CONSID]S ! EXI/+ FRAMEWORK ( SOCIETY SUFFICI5TLY ELA/IC & ROOMY TO ACCOMMODATE IT1 EV5 ) ALL ITS DISCONT5T40 

,! ACTUAL DEVELOPM5T ( ,G]MAN SOCIALISM IS A V]Y IMPORTANT SUBJECT1 :I* IT IS NOT \R BUS9ESS TO TREAT 9 ! PRES5T ESSAY4 #af ,EV5 IF ! NUMB] ( SOCIALI/ DEPUTIES 9 ! ,REI*/AG HAS RIS5 FROM #f TO #g !RE IS NOT YET ANY?+ TO CAUSE DREAD TO ! ,G]MAN EMPIRE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 SOCIALISM MANIFE/S ITS WEAKNESS 9 BECOM+ A P>TY NUM]ICALLY /RONG 9 ,P>LIAM5T1 = ITS ADH]5TS !N EXPECT RESULTS FROM IT MORE POSITIVE ?AN A P>LIAM5T>Y FRACTION CAN OBTA91 EV5 BY 9CREAS$ TAM5ESS & COMPLIANCE4 ,9 ! SECOND PLACE1 WE MAY BE SURE ?AT ! NON-SOCIALI/ P>TIES WILL SMOO? D[N ALL OPPOSITION EXI/+ BETWE5 !M 9 PROPORTION AS ,SOCIALI/S ATTACK !M MORE VIGOR\SLY AS AN 9FLU5TIAL P>TY 9 ! LEGISLATURE4 

,BUT ! DANG] :I* ?REAT5S US IS NOT AFT] ALL SO GREAT -- IT IS EVID5TLY A PHASE ( EVOLUTION4 ,IT IS NOT \R BUS9ESS TO =M A MOVEM5T ACCORD+ TO \R CAPRICES1 BUT WE HAVE TO ANALYZE ! SITUATION4 ,SPITE ( ALL ! EF=TS ( LEAD]S TO S5D ! MOVEM5T ?R\< AN >TIFICIAL CANAL1 ! ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T PURSUES ITS /EADY ADVANCE1 & M5 WILL BE =C$ TO CON=M !IR ACTIONS TO ?AT DEVELOPM5T1 = IT WILL NEV] ACCOMMODATE ITSELF TO !IR :IMS OR PREF]5CES4 

,IT IS NOT SURPRIS+ ?AT BACKW>D C\NTRIES LIKE ,G]MANY & ,AU/RIA >E FAVORABLE TO ! PR9CIPLE ( AU?ORITY4 ,:5 WE/]N NATIONS LIKE ,FRANCE1 ,5GL&1 ! ,L[ ,C\NTRIES1 & ,BELGIUM HAD = LONG QUAFF$ ! CUP ( FRE$OM1 ,G]MANY DID NOT EV5 KN[ H[ TO SPELL ! WORD 0LIB]TY04 ,?AT IS :Y POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T 9 ?AT C\NTRY IS ALMO/ AT A /&/ILL1 & AL?\< %E HAS OV]TAK5 O!R C\NTRIES ON ! L9ES ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T H] POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T REMA9S V]Y F> BEH9D4 ,HE :O UND]/&S TO SOME EXT5T ! /ATE POLICY ( ,G]MANY 7& ?IS IS EV5 MORE TRUE ( ,AU/RIA7 KN[S H[ RETROGRADE IT IS4 ,& AL?\< ,BEL=T-,BAX CONSID]S ! ,G]MAN ,SOCIALI/S AS ! NATURAL LEAD]S ( ! 9T]NATIONAL SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 WE ?9K ?AT ! GUIDANCE ( SU* A MOVEM5T1 CANNOT BE TRU/$ TO AN ORI5TAL PEOPLE4 

,WE REG>D ! FUTURE ) CALMNESS BECAUSE WE HAVE ! ASSUR$ CONVICTION ?AT EV5TS WILL NOT FOLL[ \R OR ANY O!R !ORIES1 & ?AT ! FUTURE BELONGS TO ?OSE :O WILL HAVE MO/ CLOSELY RECKON$ UP ! ITEMS ?AT CON/ITUTE PROGRESS -- :O WILL HAVE ANALYZ$ MO/ ACCURATELY ! SIGNS ( ! TIMES4 

,= US TRU? IS F\ND 9 ! FOLL[+ WORDS3 ,!FT IS ! MOD]N DEITY1 ,P>LIAM5T>IANISM IS HIS PROPHET1 & ! ,/ATE HIS EXECUTION]4 ,?AT IS :Y WE REMA9 9 ! RANKS ( ,FREE ,SOCIALI/S1 :O DO NOT EXORCIZE ! ,DEVIL BY ,BEELZEBUB1 ! *IEF ( DEVILS1 BUT :O GO /RAI<T TO ! 5D1 )\T COMPROMISE1 & )\T LAY+ ANY (F]+S UPON ! ALT> ( \R CORRUPT CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,DANG] -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #f1 #bbb 3 ,SOCIALISM 9 ,DANG] -- ,UPDAT$4 

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