,R$ ,EMMA & ! ,R$S A REPLY TO ,LANCE ,SELFA'S 0,E,M,M,A ,G,O,L,D,M,A,N3 ,A LIFE ( CONTROV]SY0 ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY ,TEXT 3 ,GIV5 ?AT AN>*I/ IDEAS >E ON ! RISE 7P>TICUL>LY 9 ! 0ANTI-CAPITALI/0 MOVEM5T71 IT COMES AS NO SURPRISE ?AT ! GU>DIANS ( ,L59I/ DOGMA SEEK TO DISCR$IT AN>*ISM4 ,TO DO SO1 !Y R>ELY EV] ATTACK AN>*I/ IDEAS AS SU*4 ,9/EAD1 !Y CONC5TRATE ON 9DIVIDUALS & !IR P]SONAL FAIL+S4 ,:5 ?AT DOES NOT SUFFICE1 !Y /OOP TO DI/ORTION1 HALF-TRU?S & EV5 9V5TIONS TO COMBAT ! AN>*I/ M5ACE4 ,I'VE LO/ TRACK ( ! NUMB] ( TIMES ,I'VE FACT *ECK$ ,L59I/ >TICLES & DISCOV]$ ! REF]5CES PROVID$ R>ELY SUPPORT ! CLAIMS MADE 7&1 ON NUM]\S OCCASIONS1 SAY ! EXACT OPPOSITE74 .<#a.> ,:I*1 ( C\RSE1 SEEMS /RANGE3 AFT] ALL1 IF AN>*ISM WAS SO BAD1 !Y W\LD NOT NE$ TO DOCTOR ! FACTS SO4 ,! LATE/ 9 A LONG S]IES ( SU* DI/ORTION DRESS$ UP AS FACTUAL ANALYSIS IS ,LANCE ,SELFA'S >TICLE 0,E,M,M,A ,G,O,L,D,M,A,N3 ,A LIFE ( CONTROV]SY0 9 ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,REVIEW 7,ISSUE #c#d1 ,M>*-,APRIL #b#d74 ,EV5 AFT] ALL !SE DECADES1 ! AN>*I/ ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN /ILL PROVOKES1 TO QUOTE ,LANCE ,SELFA'S DEEPLY 9ACCURATE >TICLE1 0PASSIONATE POLITICAL DEBATE40 ,= GOOD REASON3 ,R$ ,EMMA'S IDEAS & LIFE /ILL 9SPIRE4 ,H] CRITICISM'S ( CAPITALISM & ! /ATE /ILL R+ TRUE1 AS DO H] CRITICISM'S ( ,M>XISM & ,L59ISM4 ,UND\BT$LY1 !Y WILL 9SPIRE A NEW G5]ATION ( RADICALS TO EMBRACE AN>*ISM4 ,& ?AT1 = ,L59I/S1 IS ! PROBLEM4 ,P]HAPS UNSURPRIS+1 GIV5 ! TRACK RECORD ( ! ,BRITI% P>5T P>TY ( ,SELFA'S ORGANIZATION 7! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY7 ATTACKS ON AN>*ISM1 HIS >TICLE IS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 ECONOMICAL ) ! TRU?4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 IT WILL BE IMPOSSIBLE TO CORRECT EV]Y DI/ORTION1 SO ,I WILL CONC5TRATE ON JU/ A FEW4 ,MOREOV]1 ,I WILL CONC5TRATE ON ! REF]5CES HE HIMSELF USES 9 ORD] TO %[ H[ HE *]RY-PICKS 0EVID5CE0 TO USE AGA9/ ,EMMA1 SUPPRESS+ KEY ASPECTS ( H] IDEAS & LIFE 9 ORD] TO DI/ORT H] POLITICS &1 BY IMPLICATION1 AN>*ISM 9 G5]AL4 ,! PO9T ( ,SELFA'S >TICLE IS TO EVALUATE AN>*ISM3 0:AT 9T]E/S US H]E IS :E!R H] POLITICS1 AS REFLECT$ 9 H] ACTIONS & H] WRIT+S1 %\LD GUIDE A NEW G5]ATION ( RADICALS TODAY4 ,BY LOOK+ AT H] IDEAS1 WE WANT TO DET]M9E IF ! IDEOLOGY %E SP5T H] :OLE LIFE PROMOT+ - AN>*ISM - PROVIDES A GUIDE TO ACTION = PEOPLE :O WANT TO *ANGE ! WORLD40 ,SADLY1 HE FAILS TO DO ?IS1 PREF]R+ QUOT+ \T ( CONTEXT1 HALF-TRU?S & D[N-RI & HONE/ ACC\NT ( H] IDEAS4 ,?IS IS TO BE EXPECT$ = IF HE DID PRES5T AN HONE/ ACC\NT ( ,EMMA'S IDEAS1 HIS READ]S W\LD SOON REALIZE ?AT %E WAS RI*ISM AB\T ALSO AB\T ,SELFA'S [N BR& ( AU?ORIT>IAN POLITICS & POLITICAL TRADITION4 ,IRONICALLY1 HE CLAIMS ?AT 0SOCIALI/S0 7AS IF ,EMMA WAS NOT A LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/67 HAVE 0A /RONG CRITIQUE ( AN>*ISM40 ,IF !Y DID1 !N ,SELFA W\LD HAVE NO NE$ TO DI/ORT ! TRU? AS HE DOES4 ,*]RY-PICK+ EVID5CE ,A GOOD EXAMPLE ( ,SELFA'S TE*NIQUE CAN BE SE5 FROM HIS CLAIM ?AT ,EMMA HELD 0ULTRALEFT0 POSITIONS4 ,HE /ATES ?AT IT 0WAS TELL+ ?AT ! FIR/ SPEE*ES %E GAVE1 UND] ,MO/'S 9FLU5CE1 W]E 'AB\T ! WA/E ( 5]GY & TIME ! EIIZES ?AT 0SO E>LY ON1 ,GOLDMAN DISPLAY$ A TRADEM>K ( H] POLITICS ?R\<\T H] LIFE - A PURI/1 ULTRALEFT POSITION ON A NUMB] ( ! QUE/IONS ( ! DAY40 ,= SOME /RANGE REASON1 ,SELFA FAILS TO M5TION ?AT %E *ANG$ H] OP9ION ON ?IS QUITE QUICKLY4 ,9 FACT1 IT TOOK ?REE MEET+S = H] TO DO SO4 ,AS %E REC\NT$ 9 ! V]Y SAME *APT] ( ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 :5 AN OLD MAN QUE/ION$ H] POSITION 0HIS CLE> ANALYSIS ( ! PR9CIPLE 9VOK$ 9 ! EIK ( H] POLITICS ?R\<\T H] LIFE40 .<#b.> ,GIV5 ?AT ,EMMA WROTE ?IS 9 ! V]Y SAME *APT] ( H] AUTOBIOGRAPHY AS ! QUOTE ,SELFA PROVIDES IT DOES NOT TAKE A G5IUS TO DISCOV] :Y HE FAILS TO M5TION IT4 ,TO DO SO W\LD BE TO EXPOSE HIS ASS]TIONS TO ! GRIM LIK0 DID NOT1 9 FACT1 EXI/4 ,& SO ! FACT ?AT ,EMMA QUICKLY REJECT$ ?IS 0PURI/1 ULTRALEFT POSITION0 AFT] DISCUSS+ IT ) ! MASSES HE CLAIMS %E DISDA9$ GOES UNM5TION$4 ,?US :ILE ,SELFA USES ?IS EXAMPLE TO ILLU/RATE H] 0E>LIE/ 9C>NATION AS ',R$ ,EMMA' 444 :I* LA/S UNTIL AB\T #a#i#f0 HE FAILS TO M5TION ?AT %E HELD ?IS POSITION = ?REE PUBLIC MEET+S AT ! />T ( A C>E] :I* LA/$ OV] SIX DECADES4 ,H>DLY A 0TRADEM>K0 BY ANYONE'S /&>D4 ,SQUEEZ+ REALITY 9TO ! IDEOLOGY ,?IS IS NOT AN ISOLAT$ EXAMPLE4 ,SELFA SY/EMATICALLY SUPPRESSES ANY & ALL 9=MATION ON ,EMMA'S IDEAS & LIFE :I* FAIL TO FIT 9TO HIS DI/ORT$ VISION ( ,EMMA &1 BY EXT5SION1 AN>*ISM4 ,:I* IS TO BE EXPECT$1 GIV5 ! ASSUMPTIONS ( ! 0SOCIALI/ TRADITION0 ,SELFA ID5TIFIES HIMSELF )1 NAMELY ! NEO-,TROTSKYISM ( ,TONY ,CLIFF4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT1 LIKE MO/ ,L59I/S1 ! FOLL[]S ( ,CLIFF ?9K ?AT AN>*I/S CAN BE DIVID$ 9TO TWO CAMPS4 ,FIR/1 !RE IS ! AN>*I/S PROP]4 ,PEOPLE LIKE ,BAKUN91 ,KROPOTK9 & ,EMMA >E USUALLY LUMP$ 9TO ?IS CAMP4 ,!Y >E LABEL$ 0ELITI/0 & 09DIVIDUALI/0 &1 IT IS ASS]T$1 !Y >E UTT]LY 9DIFF]5T TO ! IMPORTANCE ( COLLECTIVE WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION4 ,!N !RE IS ! SECOND CAMP1 ! 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S0 7:O >E SOME:AT PATRONIZ+LY LABEL$ ! 0BE/ ( ! AN>*I/S074 ,!SE >E G5]ALLY LIMIT$ TO ?OSE AN>*I/S :O BECAME ,L59I/S1 PEOPLE LIKE ,VICTOR ,S]GE & SOME ,FR5* SYNDICALI/S4 .<#c.> ,BO? CAMPS >E MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE1 REG>DLESS ( ! FACTS4 ,9 ! ,L59I/ S*EMA1 CAMP ONE REJECTS 0MASS1 COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE0 & WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATION 9 SPITE ( !IR WELL KN[N SUPPORT = SU* ?+S4 ,SELFA'S ESSAY IS ROOT$ 9 ?IS UTT]LY 9ACCURATE CLASSIFICATION4 ,?IS EXPLA9S HIS TOTAL AVOIDANCE ( ,EMMA'S >TICLES & >GUM5TS = SYNDICALISM & MASS1 COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE4 ,?AT W\LD CLA% ) HIS IDEOLOGICAL ASSUMPTIONS AB\T H] & AN>*ISM & SO1 UND]/&ABLY1 IS PLAC$ 9TO ,MEMORY ,HOLE4 ,EXCEPTIONS8 ,( C\RSE1 ,SELFA IS AW>E ?AT FEW REAL AN>*I/S ACTUALLY FIT 9TO ! MODEL HE IS TRY+ TO PA9T BY HIS DI/ORT+ ( ,EMMA'S LIFE & IDEAS4 ,HE PLAYS ! USUAL ,L59I/ C>D BY M5TION+ ?AT SOME AN>*I/S DO /UFF HE APPROVES (4 ,= EXAMPLE1 HE SOME:AT LAMELY >GUES ?AT 0:ILE 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/S P>TICIPAT$ FULLY 9 TRADE UNION LIFE & ISSUE-ORI5T$ CAMPAIGNS = FREE SPEE* & ! LIKE1 !IR PHILOSOPHY IMP$$ !IR ABILITY TO CONNECT ! IMM$IATE DAY-TO-DAY ISSUES ) ! /RUGGLE = AN AN>*I/ FUTURE4 ,NO NATIONAL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION EXI/$40 ,OBVI\SLY ! LACK ( A 0NATIONAL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION0 IS IRRELEVANT TO :E!R AN>*I/S W]E CONNECT$ TO 0DAY-TO-DAY ISSUES40 ,EQUALLY1 IF 0SOME0 AN>*I/S 0P>TICIPAT$ FULLY0 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T IT H>DLY FOLL[S ?AT ?IS IS DESPITE !IR POLITICS RA!R ?AN BECAUSE ( !M4 ,GIV5 ?AT1 AS ,KROPOTK9 PUT1 0,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ PROPAG&A )9 ! ,LABOR ,UNIONS HAD ALWAYS BE5 A FAVORITE MODE ( ACTION 9 ! ,F$]ALI/ OR ',BAKUN9I/' SECTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+ ,M5'S ,ASSOCIATION0 IT W\LD APPE> ?AT AN>*I/S DID HAVE A MEANS ( CONNECT+ !IR CURR5T /RUGGLES ) REVOLUTION4 .<#d.> ,?IS CAN BE SE5 FROM ,EMMA'S VOCAL & CONSI/5T SUPPORT = SYNDICALISM1 A SUPPORT ,SELFA CONSI/5TLY FAILS TO M5TION4 ,H[EV]1 BY M5TION+ ?AT 0SOME0 AN>*I/S DID NOT FIT 9TO HIS MODEL ( AN>*ISM1 ,SELFA CAN DEF5D HIS 9V5TIONS BY SAY+ ?AT ANY AN>*I/ :I* DISPROVES HIS !ORY IS SIMPLY AN EXCEPTION4 ,9 REALITY1 ( C\RSE1 IT IS HIS !ORY :I* IS WRONG & HIS 0SOME0 AN>*I/S W]E1 9 FACT1 ! MAJORITY4 ,& ?IS MAJORITY 9CLUD$ ,EMMA1 :OSE >GUM5TS = SYNDICALISM & ECONOMIC DIRECT ACTION & ORGANIZATION ,SELFA CANNOT BR+ HIMSELF TO M5TION4 ,?IS IS UND]/&ABLE AS ,SELFA'S AIM IS CLE>1 TO PA9T ,EMMA AS AN 9EFFECTUAL ELITI/4 ,?US HE CLAIMS ?AT H] FANS 0IGNORE H] [N ELITI/ POLITICS0 & HE IS AT PA9S TO PA9T A PICTURE ( H] AS BE+ 9DIFF]5T TO WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE & !IR /RUGGLES & ORGANIZATION4 ,SELFA ASS]TS ?AT %E WAS 0AN 9DIVIDUALI/ :O BELIEV$ ?AT ! 5LITICLE CONCLUDES ?AT WE %\LD COME1 LIKE ! 0BE/ ( ! AN>*I/S0 & RANK & FILE WOBBLIES 0TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ONLY COLLECTIVE1 MASS /RUGGLE . ATTA9 SOCIALISM0 ,?US ,SELFA CLAIMS TWO ?+S1 ?AT AS AN ELITI/ ,EMMA IGNOR$ COLLECTIVE1 MASS /RUGGLE AS ! MEANS TO A*IEVE A FREE SOCIETY4 ,BO? CLAIMS >E RELAT$ & BO? >E FALSE4 ,IT IS EASY TO SEE :Y :5 WE DO :AT ,SELFA CONSI/5TLY DOES NOT1 DISCUSS ,EMMA'S SYNDICALI/ IDEAS4 ,ONCE WE DO ?AT1 WE CAN EASILY DISMISS ! CLAIM ( ELITISM HE ?R[S AT H]4 ,EMMA ! SYNDICALI/ ,SELFA ASS]TS ?AT AN>*I/ 0PHILOSOPHY IMP$$ !IR ABILITY TO CONNECT ! IMM$IATE DAY-TO-DAY ISSUES ) ! /RUGGLE = AN AN>*I/ FUTURE40 ,SU* AN ASS]TION C\LD ONLY BE MADE BY IGNOR+ KEY ASPECTS ( ,EMMA'S POLITICS4 ,= ALL HIS CLAIM TO BE 0LOOK+ AT H] IDEAS10 ,SELFA DOES NOT ONCE M5TION H] CONSI/5T & VOCAL SUPPORT = SYNDICALISM1 =1 AS %E PUT IT1 0DIRECT 1 REVOLUTION>Y1 ECONOMIC ACTION0 BY LABOR UNIONS4 ,= ,EMMA1 DIRECT ACTION 0IS ! LOGICAL CONSI/5T ME?OD ( ,AN>*ISM0 & WAS TO BE APPLI$ 0AGA9/ ! AU?ORITY 9 ! %OP 444 AGA9/ ! AU?ORITY ( ! LAW0 & 0AGA9/ ! 9VASIVE1 M$DLESOME AU?ORITY ( \R MORAL CODE40 .<#e.> ,CLE>LY1 ,SELFA CONSID]S M5TION+ H] CLASSIC ESSAY 0,SYNDICALISM3 ,ITS ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE0 W\LD SIMPLY CONFUSE ! READ]4 ,AFT] ALL1 H[ C\LD AN 0ELITI/0 :O ?\*I/S08 ,BE/ !N NOT TO M5TION ?AT ,EMMA CONSID]$ SYNDICALISM TO BE 709 ESS5CE07 ! 0ECONOMIC EXPRESSION ( ,AN>*ISM0 & AS WELL AS MEANS ( 0DAILY W>F>E AGA9/ CAPITALISM0 ONE ( ITS 0MO/ VITAL EF=TS0 WAS 0TO PREP>E ! WORK]S 444 = !IR ROLE 9 A FREE SOCIETY 444SO ?AT :5 LABOR F9ALLY TAKES OV] PRODUCTION & DI/RIBUTION1 ! PEOPLE WILL BE FULLY PREP>$ TO MANAGE SUCCESSFULLY !IR [N AFFAIRS40 ,EMMA :OLEHE>T$ SUPPORT$ DIRECT ACTION 70! ASS]TION ( ! ECONOMIC P[] ( ! WORK]S07 & ! G5]AL /RIKE4 .<#f.> ,?US ,EMMA /RESS$ ! NE$ = COLLECTIVE CLASS /RUGGLE & ORGANIZATION1 URG+ WORK]S TO =M MILITANT UNIONS TO BO? COMBAT & REPLACE CAPITALISM4 ,AS %E PUT IT A FEW YE>S AFT] H] ESSAY ON SYNDICALISM3 0,IT IS ?IS W> ( CLASSES ?AT WE MU/ CONC5TRATE UPON1 & 9 ?AT CONNECTION ! W> AGA9/ FALSE VALUES1 AGA9/ EVIL 9/ITUTIONS1 AGA9/ ALL SOCIAL ATROCITIES4 ,?OSE :O APPRECIATE ! URG5T NE$ ( CO-OP]AT+ 9 GREAT /RUGGLES 444 MU/ ORGANIZE ! PREP>$NESS ( ! MASSES = ! OV]?R[ ( BO? CAPITALISM & ! /ATE4 ,9DU/RIAL & ECONOMIC PREP>$NESS IS :AT ! WORK]S NE$4 ,?AT ALONE LEADS TO REVOLUTION AT ! BOTTOM 444 ,?AT ALONE WILL GIVE ! PEOPLE ! MEANS TO TAKE !IR *ILDR5 \T ( ! SLUMS1 \T ( ! SWEAT %OPS & ! COTTON MILLS 444 ,?AT ALONE LEADS TO ECONOMIC & SOCIAL FRE$OM1 & DOES AWAY ) ALL W>S1 ALL CRIMES1 & ALL 9JU/ICE40 .<#g.> ,IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT ,SELFA DOES NOT M5TION ?IS1 AFT] ALL HE QUOTES FROM & REF]5CES ! SAME BOOK 7,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS7 !SE QUOTES >E FROM4 ,NOR CAN ?IS BE CONSID]$ AS A NEW DEVELOPM5T4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! ,HAYM>KET ,M>TYRS :O SO 9SPIR$ ,EMMA ADVOCAT$ & PRACTIC$ :AT WAS TO BECOME KN[N AS 0SYNDICALISM40 ,IT DOES NOT TAKE A G5IUS TO KN[ :Y ,SELFA FAILS TO 9=M HIS READ]S ( ?IS ESS5TIAL ASPECT ( ,EMMA'S POLITICS4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 ?IS IS NOT ! ONLY ASPECTS ( ,EMMA'S IDEAS & LIFE HE FAILS TO 9=M HIS READ]S4 ,GOT NO CLASS8 ,:ILE >GU+ ?AT %E WAS AN ELITI/ :O IGNOR$ ! MASSES1 HE TIME & TIME AGA9 HAS TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT ,EMMA BR\? ATTEMPT$ TO REA* A WID] AUDI5CE0 & ,MO!R ,E>? WAS US$ 0TO PROPAGATE !IR .<,EMMA'S & ,B]KMAN'S.> P>TICUL> V]SION ( AN>*ISM10 AN AN>*ISM ,SELFA MAKES NO ATTEMPT TO DISCUSS BEYOND A FEW SUP]FICIAL D5UNCIATIONS ( 0ELITISM40 ,LOOK+ AT ! CONT5TS ( ,MO!R ,E>?1 IT CAN H>DLY BE SAID TO HAVE IGNOR$ ! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION0 NOR ! MASS /RUGGLES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 .<#h.> ,& EV5 HE HAS TO M5TION ?AT %E & ,B]KMAN =M$ ! ,NON-,CONSCRIPTION ,LEAGUE 9 #aiag AGA9/ ! W>1 YET HE FAILS TO DRAW ! OBVI\S CONCLUSION FROM ?IS4 ,CLE>LY1 NEI!R ,MO!R ,E>? NOR ,B]KMAN'S OR ,EMMA'S POLITICS IGNORE ! MASSES4 ,RA!R1 IT IS ,SELFA :O IGNORES KEY ASPECTS ( H] IDEAS 9 HIS ESSAY4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 !RE=E1 HIS [N ESSAY REFUTES HIS >GUM5T4 ,TO GET >\ND ?IS OBVI\S CONTRADICTION1 ,SELFA RESORTS TO FAIL+ TO UND]/& ,5GLI%4 ,HE >GUES ?AT 0O!R AN>*I/S :O W]E MORE ORI5T$ ON ! WORK+ CLASS ACCUS$ H] ( GO+ TOO F> TO SEEK ALLIES 9 ! MIDDLE CLASS0 & QUOTES ,EMMA DEF5D+ H]SELF AS FOLL[S3 0,! M5 & WOM5 :O FIR/ TAKE UP ! BANN] ( A NEW LIB]AT+ IDEA G5]ALLY EMANATE FROM ! SO-CALL$ RESPECTABLE CLASSES4444 .<,T.>O LIMIT ONESELF TO PROPAG&A EXCLUSIVELY AMONG ! OPPRESS$ DOES NOT ALWAYS BR+ ! DESIR$ RESULTS40 ,DOES ,SELFA NOT KN[ :AT 0EXCLUSIVELY0 OR 0LIMIT0 MEAN8 ,EMMA IS CLE>LY >GU+ ?AT AN>*I/ PROPAG&A MU/ BE DIRECT$ TO ALL 9T]E/$ PEOPLE & NOT PURELY TO ! OPPRESS$4 ,IT IS A JUMP ( EPIC PROPORTIONS TO1 AS ,SELFA DOES1 ASS]T ?AT ?IS MEANT ?AT = ,EMMA 0BROAD5+ H] APPEAL WAS TO APPEAL TO ! CULTURAL ,BOHEMIA40 ,! READ] NE$ NOT LOOK F> TO GET AN IDEA ( ! ACTIVI/ ,SELFA CALLS 0,EMMA ! ,BOHEMIAN AN>*I/0 DID TO SPREAD ! AN>*I/ MESSAGE4 ,!Y C\LD READ1 = EXAMPLE1 ONE ( ,SELFA'S S\RCES4 ,9 ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 ,EMMA REC\NTS ?AT ON H] RETURN TO ,NEW ,YORK 9 #aii 0NEW /RUGGLES ABSORB$ ME4 ,!RE WAS ! %IRTWAI/-MAK]S /RIKE1 9VOLV+ FIFTE5 ?\S& EMPLOYES1 & ?AT ( ! /EEL-WORK]S AT ,MC,KEESPORT 444 ,! AN>*I/S ALWAYS BE+ AMONG ! FIR/ TO RESPOND TO EV]Y NE$1 ,I HAD TO ADDRESS NUM]\S MEET+ & VISIT LABOR BODIES TO PLEAD ! CAUSE ( !IR FELL[ UNIONI/S40 .<#i.> ,& ?IS IS SOMEONE ,SELFA CLAIMS WAS NOT 0ORI5T$ ON ! WORK+ CLASS06 ,& %\LD ,I REM9D \R COMRADE ?AT ,L591 LIKE ,EMMA1 >GU$ ?AT RADICALS %\LD SPREAD !IR IDEAS 9 ALL CLASSES ( SOCIETY8 ,HAS HE NOT READ 0,:AT IS TO BE ,DONE08 ,P]HAPS NOT1 AS HE W\LD BE LESS LIKELY TO CONCLUDE ,EMMA WAS AN ELITI/ AFT] READ+ ?AT TRUE HOMAGE TO ! ROLE AN ELITE VANGU>D PLAYS 9 $UCAT+ ! MASSES4 ,OR1 P]HAPS1 HE IS >GU+ ?AT WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE HAVE NO 9T]E/ 9 >T1 SEX $UCATION1 WOM5'S LIB]ATION & ! O!R NON-ECONOMIC CLASS /RUGGLE ISSUES COV]$ BY ,MO!R ,E>? & ,EMMA8 ,IF SO1 !N IT IS HE :O IS ! TRUE ELITI/4 ,BE :AT MAY1 ! FACT IS ?AT ,EMMA1 LIKE 7! MIDDLE-CLASS7 ,L591 >GU$ ?AT RADICALS %\LD NOT FOCUS 0EXCLUSIVELY0 ON ! OPPRESS$ & BE WILL+ TO LET NON-WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE JO9 ! MOVEM5T4 ,H>DLY AN EXAMPLE ( 0GO+ TOO F> TO SEEK ALLIES 9 ! MIDDLE CLASS40 ,M9ORITIES V]SUS ,MAJORITIES ,GIV5 ?AT ,L59ISM IS BAS$ ON ELITI/ PR9CIPLES & GLORIFIES ! ROLE ( ! VANGU>D P>TY1 IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT ,SELFA TAKES ,GOLDMAN TO TASK = 0ELITISM40 ,HE NOTES ?AT 0,GOLDMAN NEV] TURN$ AWAY FROM ! IDEA ?AT H]OIC 9DIVIDUALS1 NOT MASSES1 MAKE HI/ORY0 & QUOTES FROM H] #aia ESSAY 0,M9ORITIES ,V]SUS ,MAJORITIES0 TO PROVE ?IS4 ,/RANGELY 5\<1 HE DOES NOT ACTUALLY REFUTE ! >GUM5TS ,EMMA EXP\NDS 9 ?AT ESSAY4 ,HE DOES1 NE$LESS TO SAY1 MISREPRES5T !M4 ,! AIM ( ?AT ESSAY WAS TO /ATE ! OBVI\S -- ?AT ! MASS IS NOT ! S\RCE = NEW IDEAS4 ,RA!R1 NEW1 PROGRESSIVE1 IDEAS >E ! PRODUCT ( M9ORITIES & :I* !N SPREAD TO ! MAJORITY BY ! ACTIONS ( ?OSE M9ORITIES4 ,EV5 SOCIAL MOVEM5TS & REVOLUTIONS />T :5 A M9ORITY TAKES ACTION4 ,TRADE UNIONISM1 = EXAMPLE1 WAS 7& /ILL IS7 A M9ORITY MOVEM5T 9 MO/ C\NTRIES4 ,SUPPORT = RADICAL & SEXUAL EQUALITY WAS LONG DESPIS$ 7OR1 AT BE/1 IGNOR$7 BY ! MAJORITY & IT TOOK A RESOLUTE M9ORITY TO ADVANCE ?AT CAUSE & SPREAD ! IDEA 9 ! MAJORITY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION DID NOT />T ) ! MAJORITY4 ,IT />T$ :5 A M9ORITY ( WOM5 WORK]S 7IGNOR+ ! ADVICE ( ! LOCAL ,BOL%EVIKS7 TOOK TO ! /REETS & FROM !SE HUNDR$S GREW 9TO A MOVEM5T ( HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S4 ,I C\LD GO ON1 BUT ! FACTS >E CLE>LY ON ! SIDE ( ,EMMA1 NOT ,SELFA4 ,GIV5 ?AT ,EMMA IS EXP\ND+ SU* AN OBVI\S LAW ( SOCIAL EVOLUTION1 IT SEEMS 9CR$UL\S ?AT ,SELFA HAS A PROBLEM ) IT4 ,?IS IS P>TICUL>LY ! CASE AS ,M>XISM 7P>TICUL>LY ITS ,L59I/ V]SION7 IMPLICITLY RECOGNIZES ?IS4 ,AS ,M>X >GU$1 ! RUL+ IDEAS ( ANY EPO* >E ?OSE ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,LIKEWISE = ,EMMA3 0,HUMAN ?\ ,H5CE ! NE$ = PEOPLE TO BREAK FROM !IR CONDITION+1 TO ACT = !MSELVES4 ,AS ,EMMA >GU$4 ,%E SAW DIRECT ACTION AS 0! SALVATION ( MAN0 AS IT 0NECESSITATES 9TEGRITY1 SELF-RELIANCE1 & C\RAGE40 .<#a#a.> ,?US ,EMMA WAS NOT DISMISS+ ! MASSES1 JU/ /RESS+ ! OBVI\S3 NAMELY ?AT SOCIALISM IS A PROCESS ( SELF-LIB]ATION & ! TASK ( ! CONSCI\S M9ORITY IS TO 5C\RAGE ?IS PROCESS BY 5C\RAG+ ! DIRECT ACTION ( ! MASSES4 ,H5CE ,EMMA'S SUPPORT = SYNDICALISM & DIRECT ACTION1 A SUPPORT ,SELFA FAILS TO 9=M HIS READ]S (4 ,SO WAS ?IS POSITION ! ELITISM ,SELFA CLAIMS8 ,NO1 F> FROM IT4 ,:AT DID ,EMMA MEAN8 ,9 A DEBATE BETWE5 H] & A SOCIALI/ %E US$ ! ,LAWR5CE /RIKE 0AS AN EXAMPLE ( DIRECT ACTION40 .<#a#b.> ,! WORK]S 9 ONE ( ! MILLS />T$ ! /RIKE BY WALK+ \T4 ,! NEXT DAY FIVE ?\S& AT ANO!R MILL /RUCK & M>*$ TO ANO!R MILL & SOON D\BL$ !IR NUMB]4 ,! /RIK]S SOON HAD TO SUPPLY FOOD & FUEL = #e14 ,IT WAS ! DIRECT ACTION ( A M9ORITY :I* />T$ ! /RIKE 7A /RIKE ,EMMA SUPPORT$ & FUND RAIS$ =74 ,EMMA H]SELF WROTE ( ! G5]AL /RIKE BE />T$ BY 0ONE 9DU/RY OR BY A SMALL1 CONSCI\S M9ORITY AMONG ! WORK]S0 :I* 0IS SOON TAK5 UP BY MANY O!R 9DU/RIES1 SPREAD+ LIKE WILDFIRE40 .<#a#c.> ,IS ,SELFA REALLY >GU+ ?AT ?IS WAS 0ELITI/08 ,IF SO1 !N EV]Y SPONTANE\S REVOLT IS 0ELITI/40 ,IT SEEMS OBVI\S ?AT ,SELFA TAKES ,EMMA TO TASK = CLE>LY /AT+ :AT HE1 9 HIS [N WAY1 AGREES )4 ,BY JO9+ A VANGU>D P>TY1 ,SELFA AGREES ) ,EMMA4 ,EV]Y TIME HE PRAISES A /RUGGLE1 /RIKE OR DEMON/RATION :I* 9VOLVES ONLY A M9ORITY ( ! POPULATION !N HE AGREES ) ,EMMA4 ,EV]Y TIME HE D5\NCES A 0BACKW>D0 ATTITUDE )9 ! MASSES1 HE AGREES ) ,EMMA4 ,EV]Y TIME HE ATTACKS LEFT-W+]S = ADJU/+ !MSELVES TO A REACTION>Y 0POPUL> WILL0 HE AGREES ) ,EMMA4 ,& EV]Y TIME ! 0MORAL MAJORITY0 CALL = ! SUPPRESSION ( RADICALS1 D5\NCE 0,R$S0 & ATTACK UNIONS1 ,EMMA IS V9DICAT$ & ,SELFA EXPOS$ AS TALK+ NONS5SE4 ,L59ISM1 TRUE ELITISM ,SO :Y ! HYPOCRITICAL D5UNCIATIONS ( ,EMMA AS AN ELITI/ BY SOMEONE :O SUBSCRIBES TO ! F> MORE ELITI/ POLITICS ( ,L59ISM8 ,AS ,EMMA NOT$ 9 H] ESSAY1 ! 0,SOCIALI/ DEMAGOGUES KN[ ?AT .GUM5T IS TRUE.> AS WELL AS ,I1 BUT !Y MA9TA9 ! MY? ( ! VIRTUES ( ! MAJORITY1 BECAUSE !IR V]Y S*EME MEANS ! P]PETUATION ( P[]0 & 0AU?ORITY1 CO]CION & DEP5D5CE RE/ ON ! MASS1 BUT NEV] FRE$OM40 .<#a#d.> ,:AT ) ,SELFA'S CALL = A 0REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' GOV]NM5T10 %E IS OBVI\SLY /ILL RITY LEAD]S1 HE IS IMPLICITLY >GU+ ?AT ! MASSES CANNOT MANAGE !IR [N LIVES NOR !IR [N REVOLUTION4 ,! GLORIFICATION ( ! MASSES IS SIMPLY A MEANS ( JU/IFY+ M9ORITY P[]4 ,AS ,L59 PUT IT :5 HE REPLI$ TO A CRITIC 9 #aib ?AT 0.E SAYS WE UND]/& BY ! WORDS DICTATOR%IP ( PROLET>IAT :AT IS ACTUALLY ! DICTATOR%IP ( ITS DET]M9$ & CONSCI\S M9ORITY4 ,& ?AT IS ! FACT40 ,?IS 0M9ORITY 444 MAY BE CALL$ A P>TY10 ,L59 /RESS$4 .<#a#e.> ,NOT ?AT ,L59 WAS AN ELITI/1 ( C\RSE4 ,SOME:AT EMB>RASS+LY = ,SELFA1 ,TROTSKY 7A P]SON :OM ,SELFA CONTRA/S FAVORABLY ) ,EMMA DESPITE ! FACT HE WAS A PRACTITION] & ADVOCATE ( P>TY DICTATOR%IP7 AGRE$ ) ,EMMA ON ! IMPORTANCE ( M9ORITIES4 ,AS HE PUT IT DUR+ ! DEBATE ON ,KRON/ADT 9 ! LATE #a#i#cS1 A 0REVOLUTION IS 'MADE' DIRECTLY BY A M9ORITY4 ,! SUCCESS ( A REVOLUTION IS POSSIBLE1 H[EV]1 ONLY :]E ?IS M9ORITY F9DS MORE OR LESS SUPPORT1 OR AT LEA/ FRI5DLY NEUTRALITY1 ON ! P>T ( ! MAJORITY4 ,! %IFT 9 DIFF]5T /AGES ( ! REVOLUTION 444 IS DIRECTLY DET]M9$ BY *ANG+ POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWE5 ! M9ORITY & ! MAJORITY1 BETWE5 ! VANGU>D & ! CLASS40 .<#a#f.> ,TROTSKY DID NOT EXPLICITLY EXPLA9 9 ?AT >TICLE :AT W\LD HAPP5 IF ! MAJORITY REJECT$ ! M9ORITY :OSE 0SUPPORT0 HAD HOI/$ 9TO P[]4 ,A FEW YE>S LAT] HE DID3 0,! V]Y SAME MASSES >E AT DIFF]5T TIMES 9SPIR$ BY DIFF]5T MOODS & OBJECTIVES4 ,IT IS JU/ = ?IS REASON ?AT A C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATION ( ! VANGU>D IS 9DISP5SABLE4 ,ONLY A P>TY1 WIELD+ ! AU?ORITY IT HAS WON1 IS CAPABLE ( OV]COM+ ! VACILLATION ( ! MASSES !MSELVES 444 IF ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT MEANS ANY?+ AT ALL1 !N IT MEANS ?AT ! VANGU>D ( ! PROLET>IAT IS >M$ ) ! RES\RCES ( ! /ATE 9 ORD] TO REPEL DANG]S1 9CLUD+ ?OSE EMANAT+ FROM ! BACKW>D LAY]S ( ! PROLET>IAT ITSELF40 .<#a#g.> ,( C\RSE1 EV]YONE IS 0BACKW>D0 COMP>$ TO ! VANGU>D & ,TROTSKY IS PROVID+ ! IDEOLOGICAL JU/IFICATION = P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,& UNSURPRIS+LY ,TROTSKY1 LIKE ALL LEAD+ ,BOL%EVIKS1 HAD BE5 A VOCAL ADVOCATE ( 0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY0 = SOME TIME 7FROM AT LEA/ #a#i#a#i74 ,IT IS CLE> ?AT ,TROTSKY IS SIMPLY ACKN[L$G+ ?AT ! FATE ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS AWAITS ! MAJORITY IF IT REJECTS ! VANGU>D1 ! ,L59I/ RUL+ M9ORITY4 ,NOT ?AT ?IS MAKES ,TROTSKY AN ELITI/ = ,SELFA1 ( C\RSE4 ,TO SUMM>IZE1 ,SELFA'S ATTACK ON ,EMMA'S SUPPOS$ 0ELITISM0 SIMPLY BACKFIRES4 ,NOT ONLY IS IT FACTUALLY NONS5SE BUT 9 REALITY IT IS HIS [N POLITICAL TRADITION :I* IS ELITI/4 ,IT ADVOCATES ! RULE ( ! MAJORITY BY A SMALL M9ORITY ( P>TY LEAD]S4 ,?AT !SE LEAD]S TALK ( & PRAISE ! MASSES :OM !Y GOV]N %\LD NOT FOOL US = ONE MOM5T4 ,NOR %\LD ,SELFA'S *]RY-PICK+ EVID5CE4 ,POLITICAL ,ACTION ,! FIR/ =M ( ,SOCIALISM ,EMMA CRITIQU$ WAS1 ( C\RSE1 SOCIAL DEMOCRACY1 NOT ,L59ISM4 ,SELFA DISCUSSES 0,GOLDMAN & ,AM]ICAN SOCIALISM0 & NOTES ?AT 0TWO /RA9S ( ,GOLDMAN'S ?\TY40 ,HE TALKS AB\T ! RISE ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 9 ,AM]ICA & YET SIGNIFICANTLY FAILS TO 9DICATE ?AT 0ATTEMPT+ TO ASSEMBLE A SOCIALI/ P>TY ?AT W\LD REA* A MASS AUDI5CE0 BY MEANS ( ELECTIONE]+ PROVID$ ,BAKUN91 RA!R ?AN ,M>X1 RIGU$ ?AT WORK]S' POLITICAL ACTION - ?AT IS1 ANY P>TICIPATION 9 ELECTORAL ACTIVITY - WAS A BETRAYAL ( IDEALS40 ,?IS IS A HALF-TRU?1 :I* BECOMES A :OLE LIE4 ,YES1 ,EMMA 7LIKE MANY AN>*I/S7 OPPOS$ 0POLITICAL ACTION0 ON PR9CIPLE4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS H>DLY ! 5D ( IT4 ,EMMA1 LIKE O!R AN>*I/S1 ALSO >GU$ AGA9/ IT 9 PRACTICAL T]MS TOO4 ,%E CORRECTLY >GU$ ?AT SU* ACTION SAW RADICALS 0CAUGU$ ?AT 0CLASS CONSCI\SNESS0 C\LD ONLY DEVELOP BY MEANS ( SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/S AS 0DEMON/RAT$ 9 ! ,SYNDICALI/ & EV]Y O!R REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T40 .<#a#h.> ,! HI/ORY ( PRE-W> 0REVOLUTION>Y0 SOCIALISM CONFIRMS ,EMMA'S >GUM5T1 AN >GUM5T ,SELFA FAILS TO M5TION OR ADDRESS4 ,JU/ AS ! ANTICS ( HIS SECTS P>5T ORGANIZATION1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY1 9 ,BRITA9 TODAY ) ! 0,RESPECT ,UNITY ,COALITION0 CONFIRM ,EMMA'S >GUM5T4 ,! ,S,W,P IS HAPPY TO LET ,RESPECT WAT] D[N SOCIALI/ POLITICS TO GA9 MORE MEMB]S & VOTES4 ,NOT ?AT ,SELFA IS NOT AW>E ( ,EMMA'S >GUM5T AGA9/ 0POLITICAL ACTION40 ,HE DOES QUOTE FROM H] ESSAY1 BUT ONLY TO PA9T H] AS AN ELITI/4 ,HE SIMPLY DECIDES IT IS NOT 9 ! BE/ 9T]E/S ( HIS READ]S TO CONFUSE !M ) AN ACCURATE & HONE/ ACC\NT ( ! NATURE ( H] >GUM5T4 ,:I* IS NICE ( HIM TO SAVE HIS READ]S ! HEAVY TASK ( MAK+ !IR [N M9DS UP :E!R ,EMMA WAS RITY WAS TRUE40 ,RE/ ASSUR$1 H[EV]1 AS 0! LEFT ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY0 ALSO 0CRITICIZ$ ! L>GE NUMB] ( MIDDLE-CLASS MEMB]S 9 ! P>TY1 ITS LACK ( COH]5CE1 & ITS *>ACT]0 AS WELL AS SLAMM+ 0! DECISION ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE 9 #aiab TO EXPEL ANYONE :O ADVOCAT$ 'DIRECT ACTION' TO TAKE ON ! BOSSES - A MOVE AIM$ AGA9/ SUPPORT]S ( ! RADICAL ,9DU/RIAL ,WORK]S ( ! ,WORLD 7,I,W,W7 9 ! P>TY'S RANKS40 ,HE SOME:AT LAMELY >GUES ?AT :ILE 0! LEFT MADE !SE PO9TS TO W9 WID] LAY]S ( WORK]S )9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY TO ITS POSITIONS - & LAT] TO ! NECESSITY = =M+ AN EXPLICITLY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY - ,GOLDMAN US$ !M TO ATTACK SOCIALISM 9 G5]AL40 ,:I* IGNORES TWO ?+S4 ,FIR/LY1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY WAS MEANT TO BE 0AN EXPLICITLY REVOLUTION>Y P>TY40 ,YE>S ( ELECTIONE]+ HAD ]OD$ ?AT POSITION1 AS ,EMMA CORRECTLY >GU$4 ,SECONDLY1 :ILE 0! LEFT0 MAY HAVE ATTACK$ ! RISE ( RE=MISM )9 ! P>TY1 !Y C\LD NOT EXPLA9 :Y IT HAPP5$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 ,UNLIKE ,EMMA1 :O C\LD PROVIDE AN ANALYSIS ( TACTICS :I* EXPLA9$ ! %IFT T[>DS RE=MISM1 0! LEFT0 C\LD ONLY SEEK TO REPRODUCE ! SAME TACTICS & HOPE !Y HAD A DIFF]5T RESULT4 ,JU/ AS ! ,L59I/S ( TODAY >E DO+1 IRONICALLY 5\<4 ,?IS 9ABILITY ( ,M>XI/S TO LE>N FROM HI/ORY SEEMS TO HAVE A LONG LEGACY4 ,EMMA REC\NTS H[ 9 ONE DEBATE ) ! ,SOCIALI/S H] OPPON5T 0CONV5I5TLY IGNOR$0 ALL ! 0HI/ORIC DATA & CURR5T FACTS ,I ADVANC$ TO PROVE ! DET]IORATION ( SOCIALISM 9 ,G]MANY1 ! BETRAYAL ON ! P>T ( MO/ SOCIALI/S :O HAD A*IEV$ P[]1 ! T5D5CY 9 !IR RANKS EV]Y:]E T[>DS PETTY RE=MS40 ,HE SIMPLY 0REPEAT$ V]BATIM :AT HE HAD SAID 9 HIS OP5+ R\ND40 .<#a#i.> ,H[ LITTLE ?+S HAVE *ANG$6 ,SO :ILE ,SELFA SUMM>IZES ?AT 09 H] ATTACKS ON SOCIALISM1 %E DISPLAY$ ! SAME ELITI/ DISDA9 = ! MASSES %E %[$ 9 O!R CONTEXTS0 HE DOES NOT ATTEMPT TO REFUTE H] ANALYSIS4 ,GIV5 ITS VALIDITY1 IT IS UNSURPRIS+ ?AT ,SELFA DI/ORTS IT BY IGNOR+ ITS C5TRAL & MO/ IMPORTANT ASPECT4 ,SIZE ,MATT]S8 ,SELFA GOES ON TO COMP>E ! SIZE ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY & ! CIRCULATION ITS PAP] TO ?AT ( ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ,EMMA'S ,MO!R ,E>?4 ,SO1 APP>5TLY1 SIZE DOES MATT] :5 EVALUAT+ ! REVOLUTION>Y POT5TIAL ( A MOVEM5T4 ,:AT MATT]S IF 0ALMO/ #a#b10 W]E 9 ! ,S,P 9 #aiab IF ?AT P>TY WAS RE=MI/ & EXPELL+ ITS MILITANT W+8 ,SELFA DOES NOT ASK ! QUE/ION4 ,HE JU/IFIES HIS FIXATION ON SIZE BY ASS]T+ ?AT ! 0RELATIVE 9FLU5CE ( SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM 9 ! FIR/ DECADE ( ! TW5TIE? C5TURY SPOKE TO ! DEGREE TO :I* ! TWO SETS ( POLITICS ADDRESS$ ! REAL QUE/IONS ?AT FAC$ ORD9>Y PEOPLE AT ! TIME40 ,CONV]SELY1 P]HAPS1 IT %[S ! WILL+NESS ( SOCIALISM TO BECOME RE=MI/ 9 ORD] TO ATTRACT VOTES -- PRECISELY :AT ,EMMA SO CORRECTLY ANALYZ$4 ,MOREOV]1 GIV5 ?AT ,REPUBLICAN & ,DEMOCRATIC POLITICIANS GOT SIGNIFICANTLY MORE VOTES ?AN ! ,SOCIALI/S1 DOES ?AT MEAN = ,SELFA1 !SE CAPITALI/ P>TIES 0ADDRESS$ ! REAL QUE/IONS ?AT FAC$ ORD9>Y PEOPLE AT ! TIME08 ,IT IS D\BTFUL1 BUT LOGICALLY HE W\LD HAVE TO >GUE SO4 ,& WILL ,SELFA N[ JO9 ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY OR ! ,GRE5S8 ,AFT] ALL1 !Y >E MU* L>G] ?AN HIS SECT &1 BY ! LOGIC ( HIS >GUM5T1 MU* MORE REVOLUTION>Y ?AN HIS BRAN* ( ,L59ISM4 ,EQUALLY1 DOES ! VA/LY L>G] SIZE ( ,/AL9I/ P>TIES COMP>$ TO ,TROTSKYI/ ONES FROM ! #a#i#cS TO #a#i#hS MEANS ?AT ,/AL9ISM1 NOT ,TROTSKYISM1 0ADDRESS$ ! REAL QUE/IONS ?AT FAC$ ORD9>Y PEOPLE AT ! TIME08 ,SO1 CLE>LY1 SIZE DOES NOT MATT] :5 EVALUAT+ ! REVOLUTION>Y CR$5TIALS ( A MOVEM5T4 ,IF IT DID1 ! ,SELFA W\LD HAVE TO CONCLUDE HIS [N POLITICS >E IRRELEVANT & DO NOT EXPRESS ! 9T]E/S ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 ,SELFA DOES N>R[ D[N HIS T]MS ( COMP>ISON4 ,?IS IS BECAUSE ,EMMA'S ACTIVITY WAS NOT LIMIT$ TO JU/ ,MO!R ,E>?4 0,9T]E/ 9 \R IDEAS10 %E NOT$1 0WAS GR[+ ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY4 ,NEW AN>*I/ PUBLICATIONS BEGAN TO APPE>3 ,REVOLT 9 ,NEW ,YORK 444! ,AL>M 9 ,*ICAGO 444 & ! ,BLA/ 9 ,SAN ,FRANCISCO 444 ,DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY IT WAS CONNECT$ ) ALL ( !M40 ,! LATT] 0WAS CLOSE/ TO H] HE>T0 & IT WAS $IT$ BY ,B]KMAN1 :O 0HAD ALWAYS WANT$ A =UM FROM :I* TO SPEAK TO ! MASSES1 AN AN>*I/ WEEKLY LABOR PAP] TO >\SE ! WORK]S TO CONSCI\S REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY40 .<#b.> ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ,SELFA NEV] M5TIONS !SE O!R PAP]S ,EMMA WAS 9VOLV$ )4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 AS H] SUPPORT = ! ,BLA/1 = EXAMPLE1 W\LD BE H>D TO SQU>E ) HIS ATTEMPT TO PA9T ,EMMA AS BE+ UN9T]E/+ 9 REA*+ ! MASSES4 ,PROPAG&A ( ! DE$ ,GIV5 ,SELFA'S HIRATIVE ( AN>*ISM AS 09DIVIDUALISM0 SOME:AT BETT] ?AN ,GOLDMAN'S SYNDICALISM & SO IS /RESS$4 ,YET EV5 ON ?IS SUBJECT1 REALITY ( ,EMMA'S POLITICS CAN BE SE5 ?R\< ! :ITEWA% HE COV]S !M )4 ,FAIL+ TO 9DICATE ! COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE ASPECTS ( AN>*ISM1 ,SELFA CAN !RE=E SUMM>IZE BY >GU+ ?AT 0! AN>*ISM ?AT ,GOLDMAN FIR/ SUBSCRIB$ TO EXALT$ ?IS K9D ( 9DIVIDUAL ACT40 ,YET HE !N CONTRADICTS HIMSELF BY QUOT+ ,EMMA ISSU+ A LEAFLET ?AT WAS 0A FLAM+ CALL TO ! M5 ( ,HOME/EAD TO ?R[ (F ! YOKE ( CAPITALISM1 TO USE !IR PRES5T /RUGGLE AS A /EPP+-/ONE TO ! DE/RUCTION ( ! WAGE SY/EM40 ,CLE>LY1 !N1 ,EMMA WAS H>DLY IGNORANT ( ! NE$ = MASS /RUGGLE & COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,BUT RA!R ?AN DISCUSS ! 9T]ACTIONS BETWE5 H] SUPPORT = MASS DIRECT ACTION & PROPAG&A ( ! DE$1 HE 9/EAD FOCUSES ON ,B]KMAN'S ATTEMPT$ ASSASS9ATION ( ,H5RY ,FRICK4 ,IT %\LD BE /RESS$ ?AT ,SELFA'S SUMM>Y ( :Y ! ACT HAPP5$ IS AT ODDS ) ! RATIONALE GIV5 BY ,GOLDMAN4 ,9 ,LIV+ MY ,LIFE1 ,EMMA IS QUITE CLE> ?AT ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,FRICK WAS NOT SE5 AS U%]+ 9 A REVOLUTION NOR AS A SUB/ITUTE = MASS ACTION4 ,RA!R IT WAS AN ACT ( REV5GE1 AN ATTEMPT TO MAKE ,FRICK RESPONSIBLE = HIS DECISIONS & DRAW ATT5TION 0TO ! REAL CAUSE ( ! ,HOME/EAD /RUGGLE40 .<#b#a.> ,IT WAS NOT EXPECT$ TO L$ TO REVOLUTION4 ,AS SU*1 IT SUGGE/S A DI/9CT FAILURE ( ,SELFA TO UND]/& ?AT SUPPORT = ,B]KMAN'S ACT DID NOT MEAN OPPOSITION TO ! /RIKE1 TO MASS1 COLLECTIVE ACTION4 ,HIS ONE-DIM5SIONAL ANALYSIS -- EI!R = ! 09DIVIDUAL ACT0 OR = 0COLLECTIVE ACTION0 -- SIMPLY FAILS TO DO JU/ICE TO ,EMMA'S IDEAS1 I4E4 ! OBVI\S FACT ?AT Y\ CAN SUPPORT BO? & ASSIGN DIFF]5T ROLES TO EA* ONE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,SELFA FAILS TO M5TION ?AT AN>*I/S TURN$ AGA9/ ! IDEA ( 0PROPAG&A ( ! DE$0 A LONG TIME BE=E ,TROTSKY WROTE HIS PAMPHLET AGA9/ ! ,RUSSIAN ,POPULI/S4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,KROPOTK9 >GU$ ?AT A 0/RUCTURE BAS$ ON C5TURIES ( HI/ORY CANNOT BE DE/ROY$ BY A FEW KILOS ( EXPLOSIVES40 ,ONE ( ,KROPOTK9'S BIOGRAPH]S SUMM>IZ$ HIS POSITION AS BE+ 9 FAVOR ( 0MASS RESI/ANCE TO ! OPPRESSION ( ! /ATE1 COLLECTIVE ACTION AGA9/ TYRANNY1 & ! SPONTANE\S VIOL5CE ( ! PEOPLE DUR+ A REVOLUTION4 ,MASSES1 NOT 9DIVIDUALS1 MAKE ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION40 .<#b#b.> ,DUR+ ! HEI*I/ CIRCLES1 ,KROPOTK9 ALWAYS /RESS$ ! NE$ = MASS WORK]S ORGANIZATION & /RUGGLE4 .<#b#c.> ,GIV5 ! 9CORRECT ASSUMPTIONS HE IS WORK+ UND]1 HE QUOTES A SUBSEQU5T >TICLE BY ,MO/ & ,GOLDMAN3 0,WE BELIEVE ,AN>*Y - :I* IS FRE$OM ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL FROM H>MFUL CON/RA9T BY O!RS1 :E!R !SE O!RS BE 9DIVIDUALS OR AN ORGANIZ$ GOV]NM5T - CANNOT BE BR\ ,!RMOPYLAE & ,M>A?ON40 ,HE NOTES ?AT 0?IS SEEMS TO MOVE AWAY FROM ! IDEA ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTS ( VIOL5CE & T[>D ! IDEA1 MORE ACCEPT$ BY ,M>XI/S1 ?AT =CE PLAYS AN IMPORTANT ROLE AS ! 'MIDWIFE ( HI/ORY4'0 ,( C\RSE1 IT IS NO?+ ( ! K9D4 ,ANYONE ) EV5 A PASS+ ACQUA9TANCE ( ! LOGIC ( 0PROPAG&A ( ! DE$0 W\LD KN[ ?AT SU* ACTS W]E SE5 AS A COMPLEM5T ( MASS REVOLUTION>Y ACTION1 NOT ITS REPLACEM5T4 ,AS SU*1 ,GOLDMAN'S >GUM5TS >E CONSI/5T ) H] PREVI\S IDEAS1 NOT A 0MOVE AWAY40 ,&1 AS IS OBVI\S1 IS CONSI/5T ) PREVI\S & SUBSEQU5T AN>*I/ POLITICS4 ,CLE>LY1 ,SELFA IS DI/ORT+ ,EMMA'S IDEAS ON ?IS SUBJECT1 LIKE SO MANY O!RS1 TO FIT 9TO HIS IDEOLOGY4 ,ON ,ORGANIZATION ,SELFA IS ON FIRM] GR\ND :5 HE >GUES ?AT ,EMMA DID NOT =M A NATIONAL AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION NOR 0ATTEMPT TO BUILD AN AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION 9 ! WAY ,DEBS' SPEE*ES AIM$ TO BUILD ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY40 ,YET HE HAS TO ADMIT ?AT 0LOCAL AN>*I/ GR\PS W\LD SPONSOR H] TALKS10 :I* SUGGE/S ?AT H] ACTIVITIES & SPEE*ES BUILT A MOVEM5T RA!R ?AN A P>TY4 ,AS IS CLE> FROM ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 ,EMMA SP5T A GREAT DEAL ( TIME TRAVEL+ ! C\NTRY HELP+ !SE LOCAL GR\PS :O W\LD ALSO SELL ,MO!R ,E>? & PRODUCE !IR [N NEWSPAP]S4 ,SELFA >GUES ?AT :ILE 0DEC5TRALISM MAY HAVE BE5 ONE ( ! PR9CIPLES ?AT %E UPHELD 444 IT MADE = AN 9COH]5T MOVEM5T ?AT OP]AT$ AS A COLLECTION ( SMALL GR\PS40 ,YET ! LEAD]%IP ( ! C5TRALIZ$ ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 AS HE ACKN[L$G$1 S\TY = 0ITS LACK ( COH]5CE08 ,CLE>LY ,DEBS' ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY SUFF]$ FROM SOME ( ! SAME PROBLEMS HE ACCUSES ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ( HAV+4 ,:ILE IT CANNOT BE D5I$ ?AT A LACK ( F$]ATION CAN CAUSE AN APP>5TLY 09COH]5T0 MOVEM5T TO DEVELOP1 ! SAD FACT IS ?AT ! ,SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVE WAS MU* WORSE4 ,&1 P]HAPS1 ! ATTEMPTS BY ! RITY TO EXPEL ! MEMB]S :O SUPPORT$ DIRECT ACTION CAN BE SE5 AS AN EXAMPLE ( IMPOS+ 0COH]5CE0 FROM ABOVE8 ,ROSA ,LUXEMB]G WAS AW>E ( ?IS PROCESS1 ATTACK+ ,L59'S VANGU>DISM AS BE+ A MEANS TO 05?RALL$ A Y\NG LABOR MOVEM5T TO AN 9TELLECTUAL ELITE HUNGRY = P[]40 ,IT W\LD BE A 0BUREAUCRATIC /RAITJACKET1 :I* WILL IMMOBILIZE ! MOVEM5T & TURN IT 9TO AN AUTOMATION MANIPULAT$ BY A ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE40 .<#b#d.> ,AS ,L59 PUT IT3 0,BUREAUCRACY V]SUS DEMOCRACY IS 9 FACT C5TRALISM V]SUS AUTONOMISM2 IT IS ! ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLE ( REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY AS OPPOS$ TO ! ORGANIZATIONAL PR9CIPLE ( OPPORTUNI/ ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY4 ,! LATT] /RIVES TO PROCE$ FROM ! BOTTOM UPW>D1 &1 !RE=E1 :]EV] POSSIBLE 444 UPHOLDS AUTONOMISM & 'DEMOCRACY1' C>RI$ 7BY ! OV]ZEAL\S7 TO ! PO9T ( AN>*ISM4 ,! =M] /RIVES TO PROCE$ FROM ! TOP D[NW>D4440 .<#b#e.> ,GIV5 ?AT ,SELFA PLACES HIMSELF 9 ! TRADITION ( 0SOCIALISM FROM BEL[10 IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT HE RECOMM5DS AN ORGANIZATIONAL ME?OD ROOT$ 9 0! TOP D[NW>D40 ,ANY SU* 0COH]5CE0 SO CREAT$ W\LD BE BY MEANS ( 0SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE0 & DOOM$ TO FAILURE4 ,ALL IT W\LD CREATE W\LD BE1 AS 9 ,RUSSIA1 A NEW BOSS CLASS4 ,AS SU*1 :ILE !RE IS A DI/9CT NE$ = AN>*I/ GR\PS TO F$]ATE TOGE!R TO BE EFFECTIVE & CO-ORD9ATE !IR ACTIVITIES1 ,SELFA'S PROPOS$ CURE ( A VANGU>D P>TY IS WORSE ?AN ! DISEASE4 .<#b#f.> ,R$ ,EMMA 9 ,RUSSIA ,:I* BR+S US TO A KEY RATIONALE ( HIS >TICLE1 TO ATTACK ,EMMA'S ANALYSIS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ROLE & IDEOLOGY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,AS ,SELFA NOTES1 H[ ,EMMA 0RESPOND$ TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION DEF9ES NOT ONLY H] POLITICS1 BUT ALSO PLACES 9 %>P RELIEF ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM4 ,9 FACT1 ! DIVIDE BETWE5 SOCIALISM & AN>*ISM ?AT OP5$ UP BECAUSE ( !SE TWO EV5TS L>GELY %APE ! DIFF]5CES ?AT /ILL EXI/ BETWE5 ! TWO =CES40 ,IRONICALLY1 H[ ,SELFA DOES ?IS IS F> MORE ILLUM9AT+ ON ! DIFF]5CES ?AN HE W\LD LIKE4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 HIS DEF5SE ( ,BOL%EVISM RE/S ON 9ACCURACIES1 ILLOGICAL >GUM5TS & HYPOCRISY4 ,H[EV] MU* HE MAY SEEK TO D5Y IT1 ,EMMA'S ACC\NT ( :Y1 :5 & H[ ! REVOLUTION DEG5]AT$ IS MU* MORE ACCURATE ?AN HIS &1 FUR!RMORE1 BE5 CONFIRM$ BY REC5T RESE>*4 ,EV5 ,SELFA HAS TO ADMIT ?AT ,EMMA WAS 0WILL+ TO ACCEPT0 ?AT ! PROBLEMS & EVILS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME W]E 0SMALL MATT]S COMP>$ TO DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ C\NT]REVOLUTION1 & WORK+ ) ! REVOLUTION40 ,H[EV]1 EV5TS MADE 0H] UNABLE TO DEF5D ! ,BOL%EVIKS ANYMORE10 NAMELY ! 0#a#i#b#a SUPPRESSION ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION40 ,!N 0%E ADOPT$ ! ESS5TIAL AN>*I/ VIEW ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION - ) ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE 9 ! REVOLUTION1 AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIKS40 ,GIV5 ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD CREAT$ A P>TY DICTATOR%IP OV] ! MASSES1 REPRESS$ !IR /RIKES & PROTE/S1 DE/ROY$ !IR BASIC RIGUES ?AT TO ,EMMA1 0! CIVIL W> TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION IS M]ELY ! EXCUSE ! ,BOL%EVIKS USE TO UNMASK !IR REAL AG5DA - OR AS %E PUT IT 9 ! PREFACE TO ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T1 'AN 9SIGNIFICANT M9ORITY B5T ON CREAT+ AN ABSOLUTE ,/ATE IS NECESS>ILY DRIV5 TO OPPRESSION & T]RORISM4'0 ,SELFA =GETS TWO ?+S4 ,FIR/LY1 :5 ,EMMA WROTE ?IS 79 #a#i#b#b7 %E HAD JU/ RETURN$ FROM A C\NTRY :]E ALL ! ,BOL%EVIKS %E MEET HAD TALK$ AB\T ! NE$ = P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,?US MA9/REAM ,BOL%EVIK WAS BAS$ ON ! P>TY LEAD]S EX]CIS+ P[] 9 A HIONC5TRATION ( ALL P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! PROLET>IAN AVANT-G>DE1 :I* IS ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 ,HE WAS CONV9C$ ?AT ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS ! ONLY WORKABLE PROGRAM DUR+ A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD40 ,?US ONCE 9 P[] 0.LL ! SUCCE$+ ACTS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI1 ALL !IR FOLL[+ POLICIES1 *ANGES ( POLICIES1 !IR COMPROMISES & RETREATS1 !IR ME?ODS ( SUPPRESSION & P]SECUTION1 !IR T]RORISM & EXT]M9ATION ( ALL O!R POLITICAL VIEWS - ALL W]E BUT ! MEANS TO AN 5D ! RETA9+ ( ! ,/ATE P[] 9 ! H&S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,9DE$1 ! ,BOL%EVIKI !MSELVES 79 ,RUSSIA7 MADE NO SECRET ( IT40.<#b#g.> ,SECONDLY1 ?IS DOGMA ( P>TY DICTATOR%IP HAD BE5 5%R9$ 9 ,BOL%EVIK IDEOLOGY = F\R YE>S & WAS CONSID]$ A FUNDAM5TAL LESSON ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,BE=E ?AT1 9 #a#i#a#g1 !Y HAD ADVOCAT$ P>TY P[]4 ,9 ,OCTOB] #aiag !Y CREAT$ ! K9D ( 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T0 ,SELFA SUPPORTS & ! FATE ( ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES N[ RE/$ ) ! H&FUL ( MEMB]S ( ,L59'S GOV]NM5T & ! ,BOL%EVIK C5TRAL COMMITTEE4 ,?US AN 09SIGNIFICANT M9ORITY0 HAD RUL$ ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES FROM ! />T4 ,9ITIALLY1 ! MASSES SUPPORT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS BUT SOON ?IS *ANG$4 ,FAC$ ) REJECTION 9 SOVIET ELECTIONS ACROSS ,RUSSIA1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS DISB&$ !M4 ,!Y G]RYM&]$ O!RS TO 5SURE !IR MAJORITY4 ,!Y EV5 G]RYM&]$ ! ,FIF? ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS TO MA9TA9 9 P[] 7:I* PROVOK$ ! REVOLT ( ! ,LEFT-,S,RS74 ,?IS PROCESS />T$ BE=E ! />T ( ! CIVIL W> ,SELFA SEEKS TO US$ TO JU/IFY & EXCUSE ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORIT>IANISM4 ,! %IFT FROM P>TY GOV]NM5T TO P>TY DICTATOR%IP WAS RELATIVELY QUICK1 UND] SIX MON?S 9 FACT4 .<#b#h.> ,EMMA1 REG>DLESS ( ,SELFA'S CLAIMS1 DID NOT BLAME ,BOL%EVISM AS SU*4 ,RA!R %E >GU$ ?AT ! IDEOLOGY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 ?IS PROCESS BUT ?AT IT 0W\LD BE AN ]ROR TO ASSUME ?AT ! FAILURE ( ! ,REVOLUTION WAS DUE 5TIRELY TO ! *>ACT] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,FUNDAM5TALLY1 IT WAS ! RESULT ( ! PR9CIPLES & ME?ODS ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,IT WAS ! AU?ORIT>IAN SPIRIT & PR9CIPLES ( ! ,/ATE 444 ,W]E ANY O!R POLITICAL P>TY 9 CONTROL ( ! GOV]NM5T 9 ,RUSSIA ! RESULT W\LD HAVE BE5 ESS5TIALLY ! SAME4 ,IT IS NOT SO MU* ! ,BOL%EVIKI :O KILL$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION AS ! ,BOL%EVIK IDEA4 ,IT WAS ,M>XISM1 H[EV] MODIFI$2 9 %ORT1 FANATICAL GOV]NM5TALISM4 ,ONLY ?IS UND]/&+ ( ! UND]LY+ =CES ?AT CRU%$ ! ,REVOLUTION CAN- PRES5T ! TRUE LESSON ( ?AT WORLD-/IRR+ EV5T4444 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS A LIB]T>IAN /EP DEFEAT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE1 BY ! TEMPOR>Y VICTORY ( ! REACTION>Y1 ! GOV]NM5TAL IDEA40 .<#b#i.> ,SELFA REPEATS ! USUAL ,L59I/ APOLOGETICS = ,BOL%EVIK TYRANNY1 ASS]T+ ?AT ,EMMA'S ACC\NT 0MAY S\ND CR$IBLE TO SOMEONE PICK+ UP H] BOOKS = ! FIR/ TIME0 BUT 0IT IGNORES ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T10 NAMELY 0?AT IT TAKES PLACE TWO YE>S 9TO A CIVIL W> ?AT HAS DEVA/AT$ 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION1 & 9 :I* ! WORK]S' GOV]NM5T IS FI & ! COLLAPSE ( 9DU/RY4 ,AS EV5 HE HAD TO NOTE1 ,EMMA'S BREAK ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS TOOK TIME AS %E /RUGGL$ ) ! REALITY ( ! REGIME & ! EXCUSES US$ TO JU/IFY IT4 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 !SE EXCUSES CAME NOT FROM ! LEAD+ ,BOL%EVIKS BUT FROM LIB]T>IANS :O S\IAN POLICIES & ACTIONS AS ANY?+ O!R ?AN NECESS>Y & ( NO REAL CONC]N4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS1 9 O!R WORDS1 CONSID]$ !IR ACTIONS & POLICIES AS SOCIALI/ & 9 NO WAY DETRIM5TAL TO ! FATE & NATURE ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,AS SOCIALI/ ,SAMUEL ,F>B] NOTES1 0!RE IS NO EVID5CE 9DICAT+ ?AT ,L59 OR ANY ( ! MA9/REAM ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S LAM5T$ ! LOSS ( WORK]S' CONTROL OR ( DEMOCRACY 9 ! SOVIETS1 OR AT LEA/ REF]R$ TO !SE LOSSES AS A RETREAT1 AS ,L59 DECL>$ ) ! REPLACEM5T ( ,W> ,COMMUNISM BY ,N,E,P 9 #a#i#b#a40 .<#c.> ,SO :5 ,SELFA >GUES ?AT 0!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT !SE CONDITIONS L$ TO A DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION1 COMMITT$ COMMUNI/S FELT ! ONLY POSSIBILITY ( RE9VIGORAT+ ! REVOLUTION LAY 9 ITS DEF5SE AGA9/ ! C\NT]REVOLUTION0 HE IS SIMPLY NOT ACCURATELY REPORT+ ! OP9IONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP4 ,RA!R ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP SAW NO?+ WRONG ) !IR AU?ORIT>IAN POLICIES4 ,QUITE ! REV]SE4 ,NOT ONLY DID !Y G5]ALIZE !IR EXP]I5CES & POLICIES AS LESSONS = REVOLUTION>IES 9 ! WE/1 !Y REFUS$ TO *ANGE !M ONCE ! CIVIL W> WAS F9I%$4 ,AS WE WILL SEE1 ,TROTSKY WAS DEF5D+ P>TY DICTATOR%IP 9TO ! #a#i#cS4 ,= ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S1 !IR POLICIES W]E NOT ! PRODUCT ( HOLD+ 0\T AGA9/ ! 9DIG5\S C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES & F\RTE5 =EIGN >MIES1 HOP+ ?AT A REVOLUTION 9 ,EUROPE W\LD COME TO ITS AID0 AS ,SELFA CLAIMS4 ,RA!R !Y CONSID]$ !SE 0COMMUNI/0 POLICIES & G5]ALIZ$ !M 9TO LESSONS = ALL REVOLUTIONS4 ,N[1 EV5 ASSUM+ ?AT ,SELFA'S CLAIMS W]E TRUE1 ?AT ,BOL%EVIK POLICIES W]E ! RESULT ! PRESSURES ( CIVIL W> 7& ,I MU/ /RESS1 !Y W]E NOT AS !Y />T$ BE=E ! CIVIL W> />T$ & ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S DID NOT JU/IFY !M 9 ?OSE T]MS7 A GREAT] 9DICTM5T ( ,BOL%EVISM C\LD NOT BE F\ND4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,L59ISM IS MEANT TO RECOGNIZE ?AT CIVIL W> IS 9EVITABLE DUR+ A REVOLUTION4 ,IS ,SELFA REALLY CLAIM+ ?AT ,L59ISM FAIL$ BECAUSE ! 9EVITABLE HAPP5$8 ,?AT IS H>DLY CONV9C+4 .<#c#a.> ,MOREOV]1 ,SELFA %\LD KN[ ?AT :5 ,EMMA >RIV$ 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA 9 ,JANU>Y #aib ! CIVIL W> 0APPE>$ TO BE OV]40 ,! ,:ITES HAD EI!R BE5 TOTALLY DEFEAT$ OR W]E 9 RETREAT4 ,YET ,BOL%EVIK POLICIES W]E NOT *ANG+4 ,9 FACT1 0! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DECRE$ ?AT ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION %\LD BE BR\ ,COMMUNISM POLICIES40 ,EMMA WAS !RE :5 ! 0MOOD ( EUPHORIA :I* GRIPP$ ! ,COMMUNI/ P>TY AFT] ! DEFEAT ( ! MA9 LEAD]S ( ! ,:ITE MOVEM5T 444 PUT IT ON A C\RSE LEAD+ TO CONFLICT ) ITS *OS5 POLITICAL CON/ITU5CY -- 9DU/RIAL WORK]S40 ,! RETURN ( CONFLICT ) ! ,POLI% W> & ,WRANGEL'S ATTACK DID NOT DET]M9E ,BOL%EVIK POLICY1 :I* CONT9U$ AS IT WAS AFT] ! 5D ( ! CIVIL W> 9 ,NOVEMB]1 #a#i#b4 ,! 0MOOD ( OPTIMISM :I* PREVAIL$ 9 ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA 9 ! AUTUMN ( #aib WAS EV5 MORE 9T5SE ?AN 9 ! SPR+40 ,! GOV]NM5T1 AGA91 9T5SIFI$ ITS AU?ORIT>IAN ITS POLICIES & SOON BR\LY #aiba 444 5COMPASS$ MO/ ( ! C\NTRY'S 9DU/RIAL REGIONS10 :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS OV]CAME 0BY *ANG+ ! DIRECTION ( ITS ECONOMIC POLICY & APPLY+ FIRM REPRESSIVE MEASURES40 .<#c#b.> ,! POLITICAL POLICY ( P>TY DICTATOR%IP REMA9$ SACROSANCT4 ,9DE$1 IT WAS ONLY AFT] ! 5D ( ! CIVIL W> ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 UND] ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 F9ALLY CRU%$ ! O!R LEFT-W+ P>TIES4 ,EMMA HE>D ! ,BOL%EVIK'S DEF5D ( !IR DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT & ITS C5TRAL POSITION 9 !IR IDEOLOGY4 ,%E SAW FIR/H& H[ !Y US$ REPRESSION TO CRU% ! /RIKES 9 ,PETROGRAD & ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT 9 BROKE \T 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! /RIK]S4 ,IT IS TO H] CR$IT %E SID$ ) ! WORK]S & NOT !IR POLITICAL MA/]S4 ,AS %E PUT IT3 0! TRU? ( ! MATT] IS ?AT ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE HAVE BE5 LOCK$ \T & ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK ,/ATE -- EV5 AS ! B\RGEOIS 9DU/RIAL MA/] -- USES ! SWORD & ! GUN TO KEEP ! PEOPLE \T4 ,9 ! CASE ( ! ,BOL%EVIKI ?IS TYRANNY IS MASK$ BY A WORLD-/IRR+ SLOGAN 444 ,JU/ BECAUSE ,I AM A REVOLUTIONI/ ,I REFUSE TO SIDE ) ! MA/] CLASS1 :I* 9 ,RUSSIA IS CALL$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 .<#c#c.> 0,! ?\ CALL$ 'DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION' WAS REALLY ONLY ! DEF5SE ( . P>TY 9 P[]40 .<#c#d.> ,& %E WAS RI*I/S ,AS A ,L59I/1 ,SELFA MU/ DEF5D !IR /ATE REPRESSION AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S4 ,AFT] ALL1 IF HE GETS 9TO P[] HE WILL DO ! SAME SO BE/ GET ! RATIONALES PRACTIC$ N[4 ,HE /ATES ?AT 0,GOLDMAN WROTE ?AT ! GOV]NM5T IMPRISON$ AN>*I/S = !IR IDEAS4 ,BUT MO/ ( ! AN>*I/S :O FELL VICTIM TO ! ,*EKA POLICE W]E ?OSE :O TOOK ACTION AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION>Y /ATE40 ,SELFA IS JU/ REPEAT+ ,BOL%EVIK CLAIMS :I* ,GOLDMAN H]SELF HE>D & DISMISS$ AS ! SELF-S]V+ NONS5SE IT IS4 .<#c#e.> ,( C\RSE1 LIKE MO/ JU/IFI]S ( /ATE TYRANNY1 HE PORTRAYS ! MO/ VIOL5T 9/ITUTION ON E>?1 ! /ATE1 AS ! VICTIM4 ,AN>*I/S1 HE /ATES1 0DIDN'T CONF9E !IR CRITICISM ( ! GOV]NM5T TO WORDS4 ,9 FACT1 !Y 5GAG$ 9 T]RORISM AGA9/ ! REGIME & BANK ROBB]IES TO F9ANCE !IR MOVEM5T4 ,MOSC[ AN>*I/S ORGANIZ$ ,BLACK ,GU>DS1 :I* CRIM9AL ELEM5TS 9FILTRAT$1 TO C>RY \T !SE ACTIONS40 ,H[EV]1 9 #aiah !RE >E NO ACC\NTS ( T]RORISM AGA9/ ! REGIME4 ,YES1 9 ,MOSC[ SOME CRIM9AL ELEM5TS DID 9FILTRATE ! ,BLACK ,GU>DS BUT ! AN>*I/S OPPOS$ ?IS RA!R ?AN ORGANIZE IT4 .<#c#f.> ,TO /ATE O!RWISE IS SIMPLY A LIE4 ,AS = ! BOMB+ ( ! ,MOSC[ ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiai BY AN>*I/S & ,LEFT ,S,RS1 IT %\LD BE REMEMB]$ ?AT IT WAS 9 RESPONSE TO A REGIME PRACTIC+ 0,R$ T]ROR0 AGA9/ ! LEFT AS WELL AS RI*I/S & ,LEFT ,S,RS1 ALONG ) ORD9>Y WORK]S & PEASANTS1 HAD BE5 IMPRISON$ & %OT BY ! ,BOL%EVIK SECRET POLICE4 ,AS ,EMMA RECORDS 9 RELATION TO ?IS BOMB+1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD 0MALIGN$1 P]SECUT$ & H\ND$ ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS SU*0 & IT WAS 0?IS ,COMMUNI/ TREA*]Y & DESPOTISM0 :I* CAUS$ ! ATTACK4 0,IT WAS AN ACT ( PROTE/0 :I* RESULT$ 9 0REPRISALS AGA9/ ALL ,AN>*I/S10 9CLUD+ ?OSE :O 0PUBLICLY EXPRESS$ !IR CONDEMNATION ( SU* ME?ODS40 .<#c#g.> ,SU* /ATE REPRESSION HAD BE5 GO+ ON = SOME TIME4 ,AB\T #d AN>*I/S HAD BE5 KILL$ :5 ! ,*EKA ATTACK$ ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ,APRIL #a#i#a#h1 = EXAMPLE4 ,SELFA FAILS TO M5TION ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD BE5 PRACTIC+ REPRESSION = SOME TIME1 DAT+ FROM BE=E />T ( CIVIL W>4 ,CLE>LY1 = ,SELFA1 /ATE T]RORISM IS ACCEPTABLE1 NOT ! VIOL5CE ( ITS VICTIMS4 ,BUT RE/ ASSUR$1 = 0EV5 ) !SE \TRAGES1 ! REPRESSION MET$ \T AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S WAS F> MORE 9CONSI/5T ?AN ,GOLDMAN MADE IT \T TO BE4 ,AN>*I/S >RE/$ ONE WEEK W]E RELEAS$ ! NEXT40 ,YET ,GOLDMAN'S ACC\NT IS FROM FIR/ H& 9T]VIEWS ) AN>*I/S 9 ,L59'S ,RUSSIA4 ,Y\ W\LD ?9K ?AT !Y W\LD KN[ H[ 09CONSI/5T0 !IR REPRESSION WAS RA!R BETT] ?AN ,SELFA1 BUT OBVI\SLY NOT4 ,I'M ALSO SURE ?AT IF ,SELFA WAS CONT9UALLY >RE/$ ONE WEEK BY ! ,BU% ADM9I/RATION & RELEAS$ ! NEXT HE W\LD CONSID] ?IS AS UNACCEPTABLE /ATE REPRESSION4 ,HE W\LD NOT CONSID] IT 09CONSI/5T0 BUT RA!R A CLE> IMP$IM5T TO HIS LIB]TY & POLITICAL ACTIVITY4 ,ITS CAPRICI\S NATURE W\LD NOT MAKE IT ANY LESS HORRIFIC4 ,SELFA DOES NOT DISCUSS :AT ?IS 09CONSI/5T0 REPRESSION WAS LIKE4 ,HE DOES NOT DISCUSS :AT IT W\LD BE LIKE TO LIVE UND] A REGIME :I* C\LD >RE/ Y\ AT ! DROP ( A HAT1 :AT IT W\LD BE LIKE TO BE 9C>C]AT$ )\T KN[+ IF Y\ W\LD BE DEAD OR FREE ! FOLL[+ WEEK1 TO SEE Y\R PAP]S BANN$ & Y\R ATTEMPTS AT ORGANIZATION =C$ UND]GR\ND4 ,TO LIVE1 9 O!R WORDS1 AT ! M]CY ( ! SECRET POLICE & !IR :IMS4 ,?IS1 = ,SELFA1 IS ( LITTLE CONC]N4 ,:AT MATT]S IS ?AT ! REPRESSION WAS 09CONSI/5T0 NOT ! T]ROR ( LIV+ UND] A REGIME :OSE REPRESSION WAS >BITR>Y & C\LD /RIKE AT ANY MOM5T4 ,NOT ONLY WAS IT 09CONSI/5T10 0MO/ .*I/S.> :O PROMIS$ NOT TO TAKE UP >MS AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T W]E RELEAS$10 ,SELFA CLAIMS4 ,:I*1 ( C\RSE1 EXPLA9S :Y ,EMMA HAD TO GO TO ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,CONGRESS 9 #aiba TO RAISE ! ISSUE ( AN>*I/S ON HUNG]-/RIKE 9 ,SOVIET PRISONS4 ,AFT] ALL1 ! HEAD ( ! ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,*EKA HAD ANN\NC$1 LIKE ,SELFA1 ?AT !RE W]E NO AN>*I/S 9 SOVIET PRISONS1 JU/ B&ITS & ,MAKHNOVI/S4 .<#c#h.> ,?AT ,SELFA REPEATS ?IS /ATE PROPAG&A IS DEEPLY WORRY+1 BUT UNEXPECT$4 ,CLE>LY 9JU/ICE & REPRESSION IS ACCEPTABLE :5 !Y >E ,R$ RA!R ?AN ,:ITE4 ,SO ,EMMA'S EXP]I5CES 9 ,L59'S ,RUSSIA UTT]LY DISPROVE ,SELFA'S ASS]TION ?AT 0! GOV]NM5T REPRESS$ ! AN>*I/S :O DE/ABILIZ$ ! REGIME DUR+ ! CIVIL W>40 ,= ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 HOLD+ ALT]NATIVE OP9IONS & D>+ TO CRITICIZE !M DE/ABILIZ$ !IR REGIME4 ,?IS IS TO BE EXPECT$1 AS IT HAD NO POPUL> BASE AT ALL 9 ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES4 ,& :AT ( ! GOV]NM5T TAK+ UP >MS AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S8 ,OR ! ,RUSSIAN MASSES8 ,APP>5TLY1 /ATE VIOL5CE AGA9/ RADICALS IS ACCEPTABLE1 RADICAL VIOL5CE 9 SELF-DEF5SE IS NOT4 ,&1 ( C\RSE1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAD >RE/$ NUM]\S AN>*I/S :5 IT BROKE ITS AGREEM5T ) ! ,MAKHNOVI/S :5 ! LA/ ,:ITE ,G5]AL HAD BE5 DEFEAT$ ) !IR HELP4 ,?US CIVIL W> CANNOT EXPLA9 ! ,BOL%EVIK REPRESSION AGA9/ ! AN>*I/S4 ,BUT PUT SU* M9OR CONC]NS TO ONE SIDE4 ,! IMPORTANT ?+ IS ?AT 0,AN>*I/ BOOK/ORES REMA9$ OP5 ?R\<\T ! #a#i#bS40 ,:O C>ES AB\T P>TY DICTATOR%IP1 REPRESSION ( /RIKES1 >RE/S BY ! SECRET POLICE & FRE$OM ( ASSOCIATION & SPEE* :5 Y\ CAN GO TO AN AN>*I/ BOOK%OP8 ,!N1 ( C\RSE1 !RE IS ,SELFA'S CLAIMS ?AT 09 #aiba ! /ATE ORGANIZ$ A FUN]AL = ! DEA? ( AN>*I/ LEAD] ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 AT :I* ,GOLDMAN SPOKE40 ,EXCEPT ?AT IS NOT H[ ,EMMA REMEMB]$ IT4 ,:ILE ! /ATE ALL[$ ! FUN]AL 7SUBJECT TO ITS APPROVAL & C5SOR%IP71 IT WAS ORGANIZ$ BY AN>*I/S4 ,! /ATE REFUS$ TO RELEASE AN>*I/ PRISON]S TO ATT5D IT4 .<#c#i.> ,VICTOR ,S]GE REC\NT$ H[ ! 0%AD[ ( ! ,*EKA FELL EV]Y:]E40 .<#d.> ,?IS WAS ! LA/ (FICIALLY ALL[$ AN>*I/ PROTE/ UNTIL ! 5D ( ! ,U,S,S,R1 SO IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT ,SELFA %\LD EV5 M5TION IT4 ,IT H>DLY AM\NTS TO MU* EVID5CE = HIS CASE4 ,! SAME CAN BE SAID ( HIS ACC\NT ( ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT4 ,KRON/ADT ,SELFA LEAVES NO ,L59I/ 9V5TION UNUTT]$4 ,TALK+ ( ,KRON/ADT1 HE /ATES ?AT 0! ,KRON/ADT AN>*I/S0 DEM&$ 0,SOVIETS )\T ,BOL%EVIKS0 :I* IS WRONG ON EV]Y C\NT4 ,! ,KRON/ADT REBELS W]E NOT AN>*I/S NOR DID !Y RAISE ?AT DEM&4 ,SELFA QUOTES FROM ,PAUL ,AVRI*'S BOOK ON ,KRON/ADT 9 HIS ESSAY YET HE OBVI\SLY HAS NOT READ IT4 ,IF HE HAD1 HE W\LD KN[ ?AT NEI!R ( !SE TWO CLAIMS >E TRUE4 .<#d#a.> ,BUT1 !N AGA91 TRU? IS USUALLY ABS5T :5 ,L59I/S >GUE ?AT 0! GOV]NM5T SUPPRESSION ( ! REBELLION ( SAILORS AT ! ,KRON/ADT G>RISON 9 #aiba 444 CAN BE DEF5D$40 .<#d#b.> ,! GI/ ( HIS >GUM5T IS ?AT IF ! 0SAILORS HAD SUCCE$$ 9 !IR UPRIS+ AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T1 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y ,:ITES W\LD HAVE HAD A BREA* ?AT !Y W\LD HAVE EXPLOIT$ TO ROLL BACK ! REVOLUTION40 ,?IS W\LD MEAN ?AT ! REBELS W\LD 0GET ! ELIM9ATION ( ! SOVIETS1 ! RETURN ( POGROMS1 & A RI OR ?AT !Y HAD BE5 PROCLAIM+ ! NECESSITY ( ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY0 = QUITE A FEW YE>S BY ?IS TIME4 .<#d#d.> ,& GIV5 ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME WAS A P>TY DICTATOR%IP ) AN 0ALL-P[]FUL1 C5TRALIZ$ ,GOV]NM5T ) ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM AS ITS ECONOMIC EXPRESSION0 .<#d#e.> )9 :I* ! WORK+ CLASS HAD NO FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 ASSOCIATION1 OR TO /RIKE OR PROTE/1 :AT EXACTLY WAS !RE LEFT TO 0ROLL BACK08 ,LET US MOVE ON FROM SU* TRIVIAL MATT]S AS WORK+ CLASS FRE$OM & ASK :E!R1 9 FACT1 ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION W\LD 5SUR$ ! VICTORY ( ! ,:ITES4 ,SADLY = ,SELFA1 ! :ITES W]E NOT A ?REAT4 .<#d#f.> ,AS ,L59 HIMSELF ACKN[L$G$ DUR+ ! REVOLT ON ,M>* #a#f?0! 5EMIES0 >\ND ! ,BOL%EVIK /ATE W]E 0NO LONG] ABLE TO WAGE !IR W> ( 9T]V5TION0 .<#d#g.> ,LITTLE WOND] ,KRON/ADT WAS SO IMPORTANT TO ,EMMA4 ,OCCURR+ AS IT DID AFT] ! 5D ( ! CIVIL W>1 ,KRON/ADT PLAY$ A KEY ROLE 9 OP5+ H] EYES TO ! REAL ROLE ( ,BOL%EVISM 9 ! REVOLUTION4 ,UNTIL !N1 %E 7LIKE MANY O!RS7 HAD SUPPORT$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 RATIONALIZ+ !IR DICTATOR%IP AS A TEMPOR>Y MEASURE NECESSITAT$ BY ! CIVIL W>4 ,KRON/ADT SMA%$ ?AT ILLUSION1 0BROKE ! LA/ ?READ ?AT HELD ME TO ! ,BOL%EVIKI4 ,! WANTON SLAU ,KRON/ADT IS IMPORTANT AS IT PROVIDES A DEEP 9SIY REVOLUTION>IES4 ,ITS EXPOSES !IR BASIC ATTITUDE TO :AT SOCIALISM IS AB\T4 ,SO :5 ,L59I/S LIKE ,SELFA JU/IFY ! SUPPRESSION ( ,KRON/ADT1 WE CAN ONLY DRAW ! CONCLUSION ?AT FAC$ ) A SIMIL> REVOLT AGA9/ P>TY P[] 9 A FUTURE REVOLUTION !N ?OSE 9 P[] WILL NOT HESITATE TO DO ! SAME AGA91 REPRESS+ ! ACTUAL WORK+ CLASS 9 ! NAME ( 0WORK]S' P[]40 ,= IT MU/ ALWAYS BE REMEMB]$ ?AT ! SUPPRESSION ( ,KRON/ADT WAS JU/ ONE ( A S]IES ( ACTIONS BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS :I* BEGAN1 BE=E ! />T ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 ) !M ABOLI%+ SOVIETS :I* ELECT$ NON-,BOL%EVIK MAJORITIES1 ABOLI%+ ELECT$ (FIC]S & SOLDI]S SOVIETS 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY & ,NAVY & REPLAC+ WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION BY /ATE-APPO9T$ MANAG]S ) 0DICTATORIAL0 P[]S4 ,REVOLUTION>Y OB$I5CE8 ,?AT ! ,L59I/ TRADITIONS SEEMS BAS$ ON ! ASSUMPTION ( UNQUE/ION+ OB$I5CE TO ! P>TY LEAD]%IP SEEMS CLE> :5 WE LOOK AT H[ ,SELFA DESCRIBES ,EMMA'S RELATION%IPS ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS BE=E H] BREAK ) !M4 ,9T]E/+LY HE COMPLA9S ?AT UNLIKE ,S]GE OR ,%AT(F1 0,GOLDMAN & ,B]KMAN W]E UNWILL+ TO COMPROMISE !IR AUTONOMY BY ID5TIFY+ TOO CLOSELY ) ! GOV]NM5T40 ,PRESUMABLY AS AN EXAMPLE1 HE 9DICATES ?AT :5 ! ,COM9T]N ASK$ ,B]KMAN TO TRANSLATE ,L59'S ,LEFT ,W+ ,COMMUNISM1 HE 0AGRE$ UNTIL HE READ ITS CONT5TS1 :I* WAS AN ATTACK ON ! ULTRALEFT1 ANTIP>LIAM5T>Y POLITICS ( PEOPLE LIKE HIM4 ,HE SAID HE W\LD CONT9UE IF HE C\LD WRITE A REBUTTAL4 ,! ,COM9T]N ?\S ?AT MEEKLY DO+ :AT Y\R LEAD]S ASK IS ! TASK ( A REVOLUTION>Y4 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 ,SELFA DOES NOT EXPLA9 :Y ,B]KMAN'S REQUE/ WAS SO \TRAGE\S4 ,9 ! 9T]E/S ( DEBATE IT W\LD HAVE BE5 S5SIBLE = RADICALS TO HE> ! OPPOS+ VIEWPO9T4 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 ! OPPOS+ VIEWPO9T IS SOME?+ MO/ ,L59I/S >E AT PA9S TO EXCLUDE 7AS ,SELFA PROVES74 ,GIV5 ?IS1 IT SEEMS /RANGE ?AT HE M5TIONS ?IS 9CID5T AS IT PUTS ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]%IP 9 AN EXCE$+LY BAD LI ,! RELEVANT PO9T ( ALL ?IS IS ONE ?AT BY-PASSES ,SELFA TOTALLY4 ,CLE>LY ,EMMA & ,B]KMAN 0W]E EAG] TO HELP ,RUSSIA & TO CONT9UE \R WORK = ,AM]ICA'S LIB]ATION0 BUT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E NOT WILL+ TO CO-OP]ATE ) !M 9 ?IS TASK AS COMRADES & EQUALS4 ,RA!R ALL WORK WAS TO BE DONE UND] ,BOL%EVIK CONTROL4 ,?IS WAS AN E>LY EXAMPLE ( ! FACT ?AT 0! DICTATOR%IP WAS ALL-P]VAD+ & ?AT IT W\LD BROOK NO 9DEP5D5T EF=T40 .<#e.> ,LITTLE WOND] ! REVOLUTION BECAME BUREAUCRATIC & TOP-D[N IF ?AT WAS ! ,BOL%EVIK ATTITUDE TO (F]S ( HELP FROM NON-,BOL%EVIK REVOLUTION>IES4 ,OBVI\SLY1 = ,SELFA1 ,EMMA & ,B]KMAN %\LD HAVE SIMPLY DONE :AT !Y W]E TOLD & FOLL[$ ! ORD]S FROM ABOVE4 ,JU/ AS ! EX-AN>*I/ ,VICTOR ,S]GE DID4 ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,BOL%EVIK ,ELITI/ ,A KEY ASPECT ( HIS DEF5SE ( ,BOL%EVISM CONSI/S 9 CONTRA/+ ,EMMA TO ! LIKES ( ,VICTOR ,S]GE4 ,:ILE BO? CAME TO ,RUSSIA AS AN>*I/S SEEK+ TO HELP ! REVOLUTION1 !IR CONSEQU5T POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS W]E RADICALLY DIFF]5T4 ,EMMA BROKE ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS :ILE ,S]GE BECAME A ,BOL%EVIK4 ,= ,SELFA1 ,S]GE IS ! H]O1 ONE ( ?OSE HE LABELS 0! BE/ ( ! AN>*I/S10 :ILE ,EMMA IS AN ELITI/4 ,9 REALITY1 ! OPPOSITE IS ! CASE4 ,SELFA WAS AT PA9S TO *]RY-PICK QUOTES TO PA9T ,EMMA AS AN ULTRA-LEFTI/ ELITI/ & HE DOES ! SAME = ,S]GE1 SIMPLY IGNOR+ ! ELITISM ( ,S]GE'S NEW-F\ND ,BOL%EVISM4 ,NOT ?AT ?IS ELITISM IS H>D TO F9D1 GIV5 ?AT IT IS CONTA9$ 9 ! V]Y SAME BOOK ,SELFA QUOTES ,S]GE FROM4 ,AS SU*1 HE IS AW>E ( ,S]GE'S ELITISM BUT FAILS TO CONSID] IT IMPORTANT 5\< TO M5TION4 ,BUT ALL IS =GIV5 AS ,S]GE WAS 0AN AN>*I/ :O JO9$ ! REVOLUTION40 ,MORE CORRECTLY1 ( C\RSE1 ,S]GE JO9$ ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,?IS EQUAT+ ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS ) ! REVOLUTION1 ,SELFA IS WELL ON HIS WAY T[>DS P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 ,9 ?IS TYPICALLY ,BOL%EVIK S*EMA1 OPPOSITION TO ! RUL+ P>TY BECOMES1 BY DEF9ITION1 C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,?IS M5TALITY WAS EXACTLY ! REASON :Y ,BOL%EVISM PROV$ TO BE SU* AN AU?ORIT>IAN NIE 9 PRACTICE4 ,SO IT MU/ BE /RESS$ ?AT ?OSE ,AN>*I/S :O REALLY DID 0ALIGN !MSELVES ) ! REVOLUTION0 W]E PRECISELY ?OSE ONES :O CAME 9TO CONFLICT ) ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT NOT ?OSE :O BECAME ,COMMUNI/S4 ,SELFA QUOTES ,S]GE WRIT+ TO HIS AN>*I/ COMRADES3 0,IT IS VITAL TO RESPOND TO ?IS NECESSITY = REVOLUTION>Y DEF5SE1 AS TO ! NECESSITY = T]ROR & DICTATOR%IP1 ON PA9 ( DEA?4 ,= ! GRIM REALITY ( REVOLUTIONS IS ?AT HALF-MEASURES & HALF-DEFEATS >E NOT POSSIBLE1 & ?AT VICTORY MEANS LIFE1 DEFEAT MEANS DEA?40 ,HE >GUES ?AT ,S]GE 0CRITICIZ$ ! AN>*I/S = BE+ UNABLE TO (F] ANY?+ O!R ?AN CRITICISM & OPPOSITION TO ! REGIME0 & QUOTES HIM SAY+ ?OSE :O FAIL$ TO 0ADOPT A CLE> & DI/9CT POSITION444IF !Y DO NOT UNHESITAT+LY & EV]Y:]E ALIGN !MSELVES ) ! REVOLUTION444!N !Y WILL BE WOR?LESS40 ,YET ,S]GE SAID MU* MORE ?AN ?IS4 ,BY 0DICTATOR%IP0 ,S]GE DID NOT MEAN SOME K9D ( 0PROLET>IAN0 DICTATOR%IP BY ! MASSES4 ,HE1 LIKE ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 EXPLICITLY >GU$ AGA9/ ?IS4 ,YES1 HE WROTE1 0IF WE >E LOOK+ AT :AT %\LD1 ?AT IS AT :AT \S ?AT BY =CE ( CIRCUM/ANCES ONE GR\P IS OBLIG$ TO IMPOSE ITSELF ON ! O!RS & TO GO AHEAD ( !M1 BREAK+ !M IF NECESS>Y1 9 ORD] !N TO EX]CISE EXCLUSIVE DICTATOR%IP40 ,! MILITANTS 0LEAD+ ! MASSES 444 CANNOT RELY ON ! CONSCI\SNESS1 ! GOODWILL OR ! DET]M9ATION ( ?OSE !Y HAVE TO DEAL )2 = ! MASSES :O WILL FOLL[ !M OR SURR\ND !M WILL BE W>P$ BY ! OLD REGIME1 RELATIVELY UNCULTIVAT$1 (T5 AW>E1 TORN BY FEEL+S & 9/9CTS 9H]IT$ FROM ! PA/40 ,& SO 0REVOLUTION>IES WILL HAVE TO TAKE ON ! DICTATOR%IP )\T DELAY40 ,! EXP]I5CE ( ,RUSSIA 0REVEALS AN 5]GETIC & 9NOVATIVE M9ORITY :I* IS COMPELL$ TO MAKE UP = ! DEFICI5CIES 9 ! $UCATION ( ! BACKW>D MASSES BY ! USE ( COMPULSION40 .<#e#a.> ,& SO ! P>TY1 HE >GU$ 9 #a#i#a#i1 0IS 9 A S5SE ! N]V\S SY/EM ( ! CLASS4 ,SIMULTANE\SLY ! CONSCI\SNESS & ! ACTIVE1 PHYSICAL ORGANIZATION ( ! DISP]S$ =CES ( ! PROLET>IAT1 :I* >E (T5 IGNORANT ( !MSELVES & (T5 REMA9 LAT5T OR EXPRESS !MSELVES CONTRADICTORILY40 ,& :AT ( ! MASSES8 ,:AT WAS !IR ROLE8 ,S]GE IS EQUALLY BLUNT4 ,:ILE ! P>TY IS 0SUPPORT$ BY ! 5TIRE WORK+ POPULATION10 /RANGELY 5\<1 0IT MA9TA9S ITS UNIQUE SITUATION 9 DICTATORIAL FA%ION40 ,HE ADMITS 0! 5]GIES :I* HAVE JU/ TRIUMPH$ 444 EXI/ \TSIDE0 ! P>TY & ?AT 0!Y CON/ITUTE ITS /R5G? ONLY BECAUSE IT REPRES5TS !M KN[+LY40 ,?US ! WORK]S >E 0.EH9D0 ! COMMUNI/S1 0SYMPA?IZ+ 9/9CTIVELY ) ! P>TY & C>RY+ \T ! M5IAL TASKS REQUIR$ BY ! REVOLUTION40 .<#e#b.> ,SU* >E ! JOYS ( SOCIALI/ LIB]ATION4 ,! P>TY ?9KS = ! WORK] :ILE !Y C>RY \T ! 0M5IAL TASKS0 ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,LIKE DO+ ! WORK & FOLL[+ ! ORD]S4 ,& ,SELFA CALLS ?IS ELITI/ ! 0BE/ ( ! AN>*I/S06 ,SELFA %[S HIS GRASP ( FACTS BY ASS]T+ ?AT 0ONE GR\P ( AN>*I/S :OSE LIB]T>IAN IDEAS W]E MO/ CONNECT$ TO WORK]S' /RUGGLES - PEOPLE LIKE ,VICTOR ,S]GE1 ,ALFR$ ,ROSM]1 ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN1 ,LUCY ,P>SONS1 & ,BIG ,BILL ,HAYWOOD -ACTUALLY LEFT ! RANKS ( AN>*I/S & JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES40 ,YET ,FLYNN & ,HAYWOOD W]E ,M>XI/S4 ,P>SONS MAY HAVE WORK$ ) ! ,COMMUNI/S 7EV5 AFT] !Y HAD BECOME ,/AL9I/S7 BUT %E NEV] JO9$ ! ,P>TY4 ,S]GE & ,ROSM] EMBRAC$ ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT4 ,NOR WAS ,S]GE P>TICUL>LY 0MO/ CONNECT$ TO WORK]S' /RUGGLE0 :5 HE WAS AN AN>*I/4 ,RA!R HE WAS AN ELITI/ 9DIVIDUALI/ :O DISMISS$ SU* /RUGGLE4 ,IT WAS ONLY 9 #aiag :5 HE WAS 9 ,SPA9 ?AT HE EMBRAC$ SYNDICALISM4 ,HE SOON AFT] LEFT = ,RUSSIA :]E HE EULOGIZ$ ,BOL%EVIK ELITISM & DICTATOR%IP4 ,ONCE 9 ,RUSSIA HE WAS 0CONNECT$ TO0 WORK]S & !IR /RUGGLES 9 ! SAME WAY A JAIL] IS 0CONNECT$ TO0 ! LIVES & /RUGGLES ( !IR PRISON]S4 ,& :AT ( ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S8 ,SELFA WRITES ?AT 0NOT+ ! DW9DL+ ( !IR 9FLU5CE1 ,S]GE WROTE ?AT AN>*I/S W\LD F9D !MSELVES EI!R 'TRAIL+ BEH9D ! MORE DET]M9$ ,COMMUNI/S' OR 'FOLL[+ 9 ! FOOT/EPS ( REACTION4'0 ,YET ,SELFA1 LIKE ,S]GE1 DOES NOT M5TION ! USE ( /ATE REPRESSION BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS = ! 0DW9DL+0 9FLU5CE ( ! ,RUSSIA ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,?IS REPRESSION DID NOT DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 AN>*I/S ( IDEAS & 0B&ITS40 ,! =M] BECAME ! LATT] :5EV] REASONS ( /ATE DICTAT$4 ,MOREOV]1 ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T & ! 0,NABAT0 AN>*I/ F$]ATION 9 ! ,UKRA9E %[ ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E ABLE TO 0ADOPT A CLE> & DI/9CT POSITION0 & IMPLEM5T AN>*I/ IDEAS SUCCESSFULLY 9 ! ,REVOLUTION4 .<#e#c.> ,!SE EXAMPLES1 BO? ( :I* M5TION$ BY ,EMMA1 %[ ! POV]TY ( ,S]GE'S 7& ,SELFA'S7 CLAIMS4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 ,RUSSIAN AN>*ISM WAS BETRAY$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS & CRU%$ BY /ATE VIOL5CE4 ,IT WAS NOT A NATURAL DEA? NOR WAS IT A PRODUCT ( AN>*I/ IDEAS OR IDEALS4 ,! ,DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,P>TY ,SELFA JU/IFIES ,S]GE'S CONV]SION TO ,BOL%EVIK AU?ORIT>IANISM & ELITISM BY >GU+ ?AT 0HE1 LIKE MO/ AN>*I/S 9 ,RUSSIA :O JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 RECOGNIZ$ ?AT ONLY VICTORY AGA9/ ! C\NT]REVOLUTION W\LD CREATE ! POSSIBILITY = ANY?+ ! AN>*I/S SAID !Y /OOD =40 ,NE$LESS TO SAY1 SUBSEQU5T EV5TS PROV$ H[ WRONG ,S]GE WAS & H[ RIIAN MEANS >E UNLIKELY TO RESULT 9 LIB]T>IAN 5DS4 ,! RISE ( ,/AL9ISM PROV$ :O WAS RIE ( ?IS4 ,/AL9ISM IS H>DLY A GL[+ RECOMM5DATION = HIS >GUM5T & SO HE DEF5DS ,S]GE1 ASS]T+ HE 0WAS F> FROM AN APOLOGI/ = ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 & C]TA9LY NO ,/AL9I/40 ,YET HIS >GUM5TS 9 FAVOR ( ,BOL%EVISM 9 ! #a#i#bS W]E CLE>LY APOLOGETICS & :ILE HE DID BECOME 0A ,TROTSKYI/1 OPPOS$ TO ,/AL9'S DICTATOR%IP0 HE WAS :OLEHE>T$LY 9 FAVOR ( ! ,BOL%EVIK P>TY'S DICTATOR%IP UND] ,L594 ,S]GE 9 ! #a#i#bS WAS A TRUE ELITI/1 EULOGIZ+ ! ROLE & DICTATOR%IP ( ! VANGU>D4 ,HE WAS NOT ALONE4 ,AS A GOOD ,TROTSKYI/ HE SUPPORT$ ! ,LEFT ,OPPOSITION 9 ! #a#i#bS4 ,?IS W+ ( ! RUL+ BUREAUCRACY PROCLAIM$ 9 #aibg 0! ,L59I/ PR9CIPLE1 9VIOLABLE = EV]Y ,BOL%EVIK1 ?AT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS & CAN BE REALIZ$ ONLY ?R\< ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY40 .<#e#d.> ,9 ?IS IT SIMPLY FOLL[$ ,TROTSKY'S SUPPORT = P>TY DICTATOR%IP4 .<#e#e.> ,S]GE'S MORE CRITICAL APPRAISAL ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS ONLY CAME 9 ! LATE #a#i#cS1 AN APPRAISAL :I* SAW HIM MOVE BACK T[>DS ! CLASSICAL AN>*I/ POSITIONS EXP\ND$ BY ,EMMA & ! O!R AN>*I/S :O REJECT$ ,BOL%EVISM4 ,TROTSKY1 UNSURPRIS+LY1 WAS UNSP>+ 9 HIS ATTACKS ON ,S]GE'S NEW F\ND CRITICAL VOICE4 ,IRONICALLY = ,SELFA1 ,TROTSKY LABEL$ ,S]GE'S BELAT$ SUPPORT = WORK+ CLASS FRE$OM & DEMOCRACY AN 0AN>*I/0 SPIRIT4 ,= ,TROTSKY :5 HE WAS 0DEM&+ FRE$OM '= ! MASSES'0 ,S]GE 09 REALITY0 ONLY DEM&$ 0FRE$OM = HIMSELF 444 ,! 'MASSES' HAVE NO?+ AT ALL TO DO ) IT40 ,S]GE WAS JU/ EXPRESS+ 0! VACILLATIONS ( A DISILLUSION$ PETTY-B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUAL0 :I* OPPOSE 0AN ASSAULT ON HIS 9DIVIDUALITY40 ,:I* IS1 IRONICALLY1 PRETTY MU* ,SELFA'S CONCLUSIONS AB\T ,EMMA4 .<#e#f.> 0,!RE IS NO ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA0 ,:ILE ,SELFA ACKN[L$GES ?AT ,EMMA 0CALL$ H]SELF A SMALL-C COMMUNI/10 HE 9SI/S ?AT 0%E WAS ABOVE ALL ELSE1 AN 9DIVIDUALI/40 ,HIS C\NT]POIS+ ( COMMUNISM TO 09DIVIDUALISM0 IS SIGNIFICANT4 ,! AIM ( COMMUNISM IS1 AFT] ALL1 TO 9CREASE 9DIVIDUAL LIB]TY 7TO USE ,M>X'S EXPRESSION1 ! FULL DEVELOPM5T ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL74 ,AS SU*1 AU!NTIC COMMUNISM IS 09DIVIDUALI/0 9 ITS ASPIRATIONS4 ,GIV5 ?IS1 ,SELFA'S COMM5TS SIMPLY EXPOSE ! /ATE CAPITALI/ NATURE ( ,BOL%EVISM4 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 FROM COMP>+ ,EMMA'S EVALUATION ( ,/AL9I/ ,RUSSIA TO ,TROTSKY'S4 ,EMMA WAS CLE>1 COMMUNISM DID NOT EXI/ 9 ,RUSSIA1 0/ATE CAPITALISM0 DID -- UND] ,L59 & ,/AL94 .<#e#g.> ,TROTSKY DEF5D$ ! ,/AL9I/ ECONOMIC SY/EM AS BE+ SOCIALI/4 ,P]HAPS ?IS IS TO BE EXPECT$1 AS HE HAD ADVOCAT$ & IMPOS$ SIMIL> POLICIES 7& UTT]$ SIMIL> RATIONALES7 :5 9 P[] BETWE5 #aiah & #a#i#b#c4 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 ,SELFA HAS PROBLEMS UND]/&+ ,EMMA'S COMMUNISM4 ,= EXAMPLE1 HE /ATES ?AT ,EMMA 0IMM$IATELY D5\NC$0 ,L59'S ,NEW ,ECONOMIC ,POLICY AS 0A REV]SAL ( COMMUNISM ITSELF40 ,YET ,EMMA DID NO SU* ?+4 ,LOOK+ AT ! PAGE ,SELFA REF]5CES1 WE DISCOV] H] NOT+ ?AT IT WAS 0MO/ ,COMMUNI/S0 :O SAW IT AS 0A REV]SAL ( COMMUNISM ITSELF40 ,= ,EMMA1 0.RUE ,COMMUNISM WAS NEV] ATTEMPT$ 9 ,RUSSIA40 .<#e#h.> ,AS SU*1 ,SELFA'S COMM5TS >E SIMPLY A DI/ORTION ( :AT ,EMMA ACTUALLY WROTE4 ,UNLIKE ! ,L59I/ TRADITION1 ,EMMA HAD NO MORE DIFFICULTY 9 SEE+ ,L59'S REGIME = :AT IT WAS 70/ATE CAPITALI/07 ?AN %E HAD SEE+ :AT ,/AL9'S WAS 70/ATE CAPITALI/074 ,IT %\LD BE /RESS$ ?AT ! TRADITION ,SELFA ID5TIFIES ) ONLY CAME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ,/AL9'S REGIME WAS 0/ATE CAPITALISM0 9 ! LATE #a#i#dS4 ,YET EV5 H]E ,EMMA IS RIT ( ! GLOBAL 7CAPITALI/7 ECONOMY & LOCK$ 9 MILIT>Y COMPETITION ) ! ,WE/4 ,BUT1 AS ,M>X >GU$1 CAPITALISM IS A MODE ( PRODUCTION1 NOT EX*ANGE4 ,?US ! ,U,S,S,R C\LD NOT BE 0/ATE CAPITALI/0 9 ,CLIFF'S S5SE = ! SAME REASON ,NATIVE ,AM]ICAN TRIBES PRODUC+ TOMAHAWKS & >R[S TO RESI/ ,:ITE SETTL]S DID NOT BECOME 0CAPITALI/0 OR SLAVE HOLD+ 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\? DID NOT BECOME 0CAPITALI/0 BY SELL+ ITS GOODS ON ! WORLD M>KET4 ,P]HAPS ?IS SUP]FICIAL ANALYSIS IS UND]/&ABLE AS ! SOCIAL RELATIONS UND] ,/AL9 DID NOT DIFF] FROM ?OSE UND] ,L594 ,/AL9 9H]IT$ A REGIME BAS$ ON NATIONALIZ$ PROP]TY1 ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T & P>TY DICTATOR%IP FROM ,L594 ,HE SIMPLY 9T5SIFI$ C]TA9 ASPECTS ( IT4 ,&1 IRONICALLY1 EV5 BY ,CLIFF'S [N ANALYSIS ,L59'S ,RUSSIA WAS 0/ATE CAPITALI/0 AS IT WAS LOCK$ 9 MILIT>Y COMPETITION ) ! ,WE/ FROM ! />T4 ,I W\LD SAY IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ,EMMA REPRES5TS ! AU!NTIC COMMUNI/ TRADITION1 NOT ,L59ISM4 ,%E REMEMB]$ :AT SOCIALISM WAS MEANT TO BE AB\T & ABLY ANALYZ$ ! FAIL+S ( BO? ,L59'S & ,/AL9'S REGIMES BAS$ ON ?IS4 ,?US H] 0SMALL-C0 COMMUNISM IS A MU* MORE RELIABLE GUIDE = RADICALS ?AN ! ,BOL%EVIK TRADITION :I* REPEAT$ CALL$ 7& /ILL CALLS7 REGIMES :I* >E OBVI\SLY /ATE CAPITALI/1 LIKE ,L59'S1 0SOCIALI/40 ,FROM ,RUSSIA )\T LOVE ,ONCE !Y W]E \T ( ,RUSSIA1 ,EMMA & ,B]KMAN WROTE EXT5SIVELY ON !IR EXP]I5CES & ! LESSONS !Y DREW FROM IT4 ,EV5 H]E ,SELFA CANNOT GET BASIC FACTS RIXISM & SOCIALISM0 & ?AT H] 0TWO YE>S ( PRAISE = ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 #a#i#a#g-#a#h W]E ! EXCEPTION1 NOT ! RULE40 ,HE !N /ATES 0?AT'S :Y IT WAS SOME:AT DIS+5U\S ( H] TO *>ACT]IZE H] EXP]I5CE 9 ,RUSSIA AS 'DISILLUSIONM5T1' S9CE %E WASN'T A SUPPORT] ( SOCIALISM40 ,YET ,EMMA MADE CLE> 9 ! PREFACE ( H] ACC\NT1 ! TITLE WAS NOT H] *OICE4 ,IT WAS IMPOS$ BY ! PUBLI%] )\T H] KN[L$GE4 .<#e#i.> ,SELFA1 LET US NOT =GET1 QUOTES FROM ?IS BOOK4 ,DOES ?IS MEAN HE HAS NOT BO!R$ TO READ IT8 ,GIV5 ?AT ?OSE :O FAIL TO UND]/& ! LESSONS ( HI/ORY >E DOOM$ TO REPEAT IT1 ,EMMA'S ACC\NT ( H] EXP]I5CES 9 ,RUSSIA %\LD HAVE BE5 ESS5TIAL READ+ = ALL RADICALS4 ,YET ,SELFA ATTACKS H] DECISION TO EXPOSE ! TRU? AB\T ,L59I/ ,RUSSIA1 /AT+ ?AT ! CAPITALI/ PRESS PR9T$ 0H] D5UNCIATIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS ?R\<\T ! #a#i#bS AS EVID5CE ?AT ONE ( '!M' HAD REALIZ$ ! ]ROR ( H] WAYS40 ,:ATEV] HAPP5$ TO ,GRAMSCI'S FAM\S WORDS ?AT 0TELL+ ! TRU? IS A REVOLUTION>Y ACT08 ,BUT1 !N AGA91 TELL+ ! TRU? IS SOME?+ ,SELFA IS H>DLY FAMILI> )4 ,MOREOV]1 HIS LOGIC SMACKS MORE ( ,/AL9ISM ?AN ANY?+ ELSE4 ,9 ! #a#i#cS ! ,/AL9I/S LABEL$ !IR OPPON5TS AS 0,TROTSKY-FASCI/S0 = D5\NC+ 7SOME (7 ! HORRORS ( ! ,U,S,S,R4 ,AFT] ! W>1 !Y ATTACK$ SOCIALI/S :O EXPOS$ ! OBVI\S /ATE CAPITALI/ NATURE ( ! REGIME AS PROVID+ COM=T TO CAPITALISM4 ,IT SEEMS SAD ?AT A MOD]N-DAY ,L59I/ FAILS TO SEE ! OBVI\S LESSON H]E3 ! RADICAL MOVEM5T IS /ILL SUFF]+ ! H>M DONE BY ! LI>S & APOLOGI/S ( ,/AL9ISM &1 BE=E ?AT1 ,L59ISM4 ,! QUE/ION IS1 W\LD ,SELFA HAVE PREF]R$ ,EMMA & ,B]KMAN NOT TO DISCUSS !IR EXP]I5CES & TRY TO LE>N FROM !M8 ,OR TO W>N ! WORK+ CLASS ( ! DANG]S ( ,BOL%EVISM8 ,IF SO1 W\LD HE HAVE ALSO URG$ ,TROTSKY TO REMA9 SIL5T AB\T ! EVILS ( ,/AL9ISM8 ,I D\BT IT4 ,RUSSIAN ,LESSONS ,SELFA CLAIMS ?AT 09 PUBLIC1 ,B]KMAN D5\NC$ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,BUT 9 PRIVATE1 HE CONSID]$ ! CRITICISMS ( COMRADES LIKE ,S]GE0 & QUOTES FROM ,B]KMAN'S DI>Y FROM ,DECEMB] #a#i#b4 ,YET1 AT ?IS TIME ,B]KMAN WAS /ILL 9 ,BOL%EVIK ,RUSSIA & WAS /RUGGL+ ) ! REALITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP & :E!R HIS SUPPORT = ! REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/ C\NT]-REVOLUTION C\LD BE SQU>$ ) HIS SUPPORT = ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,HE DID NOT PUBLICLY D5\NCE ! REGIME AS !RE WAS NO FREE SPEE* UND] ,L59 & SO HIS COMM5TS W]E 7BY NECESSITY7 LIMIT$ TO PEOPLE HE C\LD TRU/4 ,IT WAS ONLY ONCE HE HAD LEFT ,RUSSIA ?AT ,B]KMAN C\LD D5\NCE ! GOV]NM5T TO ! PUBLIC )\T FE> ( >RE/ 7OR WORSE74 ,SO :AT ,SELFA 9ACCURATELY SUGGE/S WAS HYPOCRISY WAS1 9 REALITY1 ,B]KMAN'S EVALUATION ( >GUM5TS LIKE ,S]GE'S4 ,IT IS TO HIS CR$IT ?AT ,B]KMAN REJECT$ ,S]GE'S >GUM5TS1 P>TICUL>LY AS ,S]GE WAS HIMSELF UTT]LY HYPOCRITICAL 9 PRAIS+ ! GOV]NM5T 9 PUBLIC :ILE D5\NC+ IT 9 PRIVATE TO O!R RADICALS3 0,9 ! SUMM] ( #aiba ! AN>*I/ ,GA/ON ,LEVAL CAME TO ,MOSC[ 9 ! ,SPANI% DELEGATION TO ! ,?IRD ,CONGRESS ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 PRIVATE1 ,S]GE CONFID$ TO HIM ?AT '! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY NO LONG] PRACTICES ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT BUT DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT4' ,RETURN+ TO ,FRANCE1 ,LEVAL PUBLI%$ >TICLES 9 ,LE ,LIB]TAIRE US+ WELL DOCUM5T$ FACTS1 & PLAC+ SIDE BY SIDE :AT ,VICTOR ,S]GE HAD TOLD HIM CONFID5TIALLY & HIS PUBLIC /ATEM5TS1 :I* HE DESCRIB$ AS 'CONSCI\S LIES4'0 .<#f.> ,SO :AT DID ,B]KMAN RECORD 9 HIS DI>Y8 0,MANY VITAL PROBLEMS F9D NO ADEQUATE ANSW] 9 \R BOOKS & !ORIES10 ,B]KMAN WROTE4 0,RESULT - ! TRAG$Y ( ! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! MID/ ( ! REVOLUTION & UNABLE TO F9D !IR PLACE OR ACTIVITY80 ,IT WASN'T GOOD 5\< JU/ TO OPPOSE ! 0'DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT4' ,HAVE WE ANY?+ TO (F] 9 ITS PLACE80 ,SELFA /ATES ?AT 0! POSSIBILITY ( ANSW]+ ,B]KMAN'S QUE/ION >OSE FIFTE5 YE>S AFT] ,GOLDMAN & ,B]KMAN LEFT ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#b#a40 ,YET ?IS IS FALSE4 ,IF Y\ READ ,B]KMAN'S 0,:AT IS ,AN>*ISM80 Y\ DISCOV] EXACTLY :AT AN>*ISM HAD TO 0(F] 9 ITS PLACE10 NAMELY A F$]ATION ( SELF-MANAG$ WORK]S' C\NCILS & A FREE MILITIA TO DEF5D ! REVOLUTION4 .<#f#a.> ,:I* WAS :AT ! ,MAKHNOVI/S HAD APPLI$ 9 ! ,UKRA9E & :I* ,B]KMAN HIMSELF PO9TS TO 9 HIS CLASSIC 9TRODUCTION TO AN>*ISM4 .<#f#b.> ,9 G5]AL1 MO/ ( ,B]KMAN'S BOOK SIMPLY MIRRORS HIS [N & ,EMMA'S CONCLUSIONS FROM !IR EXP]I5CES 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,!SE CONFIRM$ H] AN>*ISM4 ,AS %E PUT IT1 ONLY 0POPUL> P>TICIPATION 9 ! AFFAIRS ( ! REVOLUTION CAN PREV5T ! T]RIBLE BLUND]S COMMITT$ 9 ,RUSSIA40 ,?US ! 09DU/RIAL P[] ( ! MASSES1 EXPRESS$ ?R\< !IR LIB]T>IAN ASSOCIATIONS -- ,AN>*OSYNDICALISM -- IS ALONE ABLE TO ORGANIZE SUCCESSFULLY ! ECONOMIC LIFE & C>RY ON PRODUCTION40 ,%E PO9T$ TO 0! ,SOVIETS1 ! TRADE UNIONS & ! CO-OP]ATIVES-?REE GREAT FACTORS = ! REALIZATION ( ! HOPES ( ! ,REVOLUTION40 .<#f#d.> ,IRONICALLY1 ?IS IS :AT MOD]N DAY ,L59I/S SAY !Y BELIEVE 94 ,! KEY DIFF]5CE IS ?AT AN>*I/S DO NOT UND]M9E & M>G9ALIZE !SE ORGANS ( POPUL> SELF-MANAGEM5T BY PLAC+ A HIGU+ AGA9/ ,EMMA'S CONCLUSIONS !N HE IS >GU+ ?AT REVOLUTION MAKES WORK+ CLASS SELF-MANAGEM5T ( SOCIETY IMPOSSIBLE4 ,IF SO1 HE %\LD1 LIKE ,L59 & ,TROTSKY1 ADMIT IT4 ,AS SU*1 IT SEEMS 9CR$UL\S = ,SELFA NOT TO M5TION ?AT BO? ,B]KMAN & ,EMMA HAD ANSW]$ HIS [N QUE/ION FROM #aib 9 HIS SUBSEQU5T WRIT+S4 ,BUT NOT SURPRIS+4 ,AFT] ALL1 ,SELFA'S MAJOR TE*NIQUE 9 HIS ESSAY IS TO IGNORE ?OSE FACTS & IDEAS ( ,EMMA'S :I* UTT]LY CONTRADICT HIS CASE4 ,?US1 = EXAMPLE1 HE FAILS TO DISCUSS H] SUPPORT = AN>*O-SYNDICALISM4 ,%\LD WE BE SURPRIS$ ?AT HE FAILS TO M5TION ?OSE WRIT+S ( ,EMMA & ,B]KMAN :I* SUMM>IZE ! LESSONS FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION8 ,( C\RSE NOT4 ,SPA93 ,AN>*ISM REFUT$8 ,BY FAIL+ TO ACKN[L$GE ?AT ,B]KMAN 7LIKE ,EMMA7 HAD SUMM>IZ$ ! AN>*I/ LESSONS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ,SELFA IS N[ OP5 TO GO ONTO HIS REAL T>GET3 ! ROLE ( ! AN>*I/S 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION4 ,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION IS A FAVORITE ( ,L59I/S :5 IT COMES TO ATTACK+ AN>*ISM4 ,ON ! FACE ( IT1 ?IS IS UND]/&ABLE4 ,! AN>*I/S AFT] ALL FAIL$ TO SMA% ! /ATE & AGRE$ TO JO9 A B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T4 ,SELFA PRES5TS ! USUAL ,L59I/ CASE1 /AT+ ?AT 0! *OICE WAS />K3 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I C\LD OV]?R[ ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T & SET UP A REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S' GOV]NM5T OR IT C\LD LEAVE ! B\RGEOIS GOV]NM5T 9 P[]4 ,! ,CATALONIAN ,C,N,T DEBAT$ IT & RESOLV$ TO LEAVE ,COMPANYS 9 P[] BECAUSE TO TAKE P[] 9 A REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T W\LD MEAN A COMPROMISE ( AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES - A COMPROMISE ) ! /ATE4 ,SO !Y LET AN OPPORTUNITY TO TAKE P[] PASS !M BY40 ,H[EV]1 SU* AN >GUM5T IS ROOT$ 9 PHILOSOPHICAL IDEALISM ( ! WORSE K9D4 ,IT SIGNIFICANTLY FAILS TO PRES5T1 NEV] M9D DISCUSS1 ! CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T MADE ITS DECISION4 ,?IS IS UNSURPRIS+1 = ONCE !SE CONDITIONS >E DISCUSS$ ! DECISIONS REA*$ BY ! ,C,N,T CAN BE UND]/OOD1 IF NOT APPROV$ (4 ,MORE IMPORTANTLY1 IT ALSO 9DICATES ?AT AN>*I/ !ORY CANNOT BE BLAM$ = ! DECISION4 ,SIMPLY PUT1 IT WAS NOT A *OICE BETWE5 SEIZ+ P[] OR NOT BUT RA!R BETWE5 CO-OP]AT+ ) ! ,REPUBLIC AGA9/ ,FRANCO OR APPLY+ AN>*I/ IDEAS &1 POT5TIALLY1 HAV+ TO FI ,!SE W]E ! CIRCUM/ANCES ?AT ! ,C,N,T FAC$4 ,AFT] DEFEAT+ ! MILIT>Y 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T MILITANTS DID NOT KN[ = SURE ! SITUATION 9 ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY4 ,TO PURSUE AN>*I/ POLITICS AT SU* A TIME1 IT WAS >GU$1 W\LD HAVE RESULT$ 9 ! ,C,N,T FIABLE & SO IT WAS BETT] TO ACCEPT COLLABORATION ?AN AID ,FASCISM BY DIVID+ ! =CES ( ! ANTI-FASCI/ CAMP4 ,9 ! WORDS ( A ,C,N,T REPORT FROM #a#i#c#g3 0,! ,C,N,T %[$ A CONSCI5TI\S SCRUPUL\SNESS 9 ! FACE ( A DIFFICULT ALT]NATIVE3 TO DE/ROY COMPLETELY ! ,/ATE 9 ,CATALONIA1 TO DECL>E W> AGA9/ ! ,REBELS .1 ! GOV]NM5T1 =EIGN CAPITALISM1 & ?US ASSUM+ COMPLETE CONTROL ( ,CATALAN SOCIETY2 OR COLLABORAT+ 9 ! RESPONSIBILITIES ( GOV]NM5T ) ! O!R ANTIFASCI/ FRACTIONS40 .<#f#e.> ,:ILE ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP DID PROVIDE NUM]\S SPURI\S >GUM5TS TO DEF5D !IR DECISION 9 T]MS ( LIB]T>IAN PR9CIPLES1 !SE CAME LONG AFT] ! DECISION & :5 ! ,C,N,T ITSELF HAD *ANG$4 .<#f#g.> ,:5 ! DECISION TO PO/PONE ! REVOLUTION1 TO NOT IMPLEM5T AN>*ISM1 WAS MADE :AT WAS DRIV+ ! ,C,N,T WAS SIMPLY ! IMM$IATE ISSUE ( FI ( ISOLATION )9 ,SPA9 & DIVID+ ! ANTI-FASCI/ =CES4 ,SELFA'S 0REVOLUTION>Y GOV]NM5T0 W\LD HAVE BE5 FAC$ ) ! SAME PROBLEMS4 ,HE SEEMS UNCONC]N$ AB\T H[ ! C5TRAL GOV]NM5T OR ! IMP]IALI/ P[]S W\LD HAVE REACT$ TO SU* A DEVELOPM5T4 ,= HIM1 ALL ?AT SEEMS REQUIR$ IS A ,SPANI% ,L59 TO SEIZE P[] & ! REAL & PRESS+ PROBLEMS FAC+ ! REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE BE5 SOLV$4 ,9 REALITY1 ! PROBLEMS ( ISOLATION & HO/ILITY BY ! ,REPUBLIC W\LD HAVE REMA9$4 ,FEW AN>*I/S TODAY W\LD D5Y ?AT ! ,C,N,T MADE ! WRONG DECISION YET TO BLAME AN>*I/ !ORY = ! DECISION AS ,L59I/S DO SEEMS AN EXTREMELY SUP]FICIAL EXPLANATION ( :AT HAPP5$4 ,SELFA IS1 H[EV]1 RI*I/ RANKS >\ND ! WORLD0 BUT HE IS WRONG TO /ATE ?AT 0EV5 ! CRITICS CONC$$ ?AT !Y REALLY HAD NO ALT]NATIVE TO (F] !IR COMRADES 9 ,SPA94 ,! ,C,N,T C\LD HAVE MA9TA9$ ITS PR9CIPLES & AB/A9$ FROM ! GOV]NM5T1 BUT !Y DIDN'T HAVE A POSITIVE ALT]NATIVE TO (F]40 ,MO/ CRITICS ( ! ,C,N,T DID (F] AN ALT]NATIVE1 NAMELY APPLY AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES FROM ! />T4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 SMA% ! /ATE1 ORGANIZE A F$]ATION ( COMMUNES_/C\NCILS_/COLLECTIVES & A MILITIA TO DEF5D AGA9/ ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,?IS HAD BE5 ! POSITION ( AN>*ISM S9CE ,BAKUN94 ,B]KMAN HAD RECOMM5D$ IT 9 HIS CLASSIC 9TRODUCTION TO AN>*ISM1 0,:AT IS ,AN>*ISM80 ,&1 UNM5TION$ BY ,SELFA1 ?IS WAS ACTUALLY DONE 9 ,>AGON ) REM>KABLE SUCCESS4 ,UNSURPRIS+LY1 MO/ ,L59I/S FAIL TO M5TION ! ,C\NCIL ( ,>AGON :5 ATTACK+ ,SPANI% AN>*ISM4 ,TO DO SO %[S ! WEAKNESS ( ! ,M>XI/ >GUM5T4 ,! CONT9UITY ( :AT HAPP5$ 9 ,>AGON ) ! IDEAS ( AN>*ISM & ! ,C,N,T'S #aicf ,Z>AGOZA ,RESOLUTION ON ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNISM IS CLE>4 .<#f#g.> ,BUT RE/ ASSUR$4 ,:ILE HE FAILS TO M5TION ! AN>*I/ ALT]NATIVE1 HE DOES M5TION A ,L59I/ ONE4 0,?AT ALT]NATIVE10 HE >GUES1 0W\LD HAVE MEANT BUILD+ A ,BOL%EVIK-TYPE ORGANIZATION ?AT W\LD CAMPAIGN = WORK]S' P[] - = A WORK]S' SOLUTION TO ! CRISIS 7I4E4 DO+ EXACTLY :AT !Y HAD REFUS$ TO DO 9 ,CATALONIA :5 P[] WAS )9 REA*740 ,:AT DOES ?AT MEAN8 ,LET US SEE :AT ,TROTSKY HAD TO SAY4 ,IT WAS1 TO SAY ! LEA/1 9T]E/+4 ,TROTSKY WAS CLE> :AT 0WORK]S' P[]0 MEANT4 ,AS HE PUT IT1 ! 0REVOLUTION>Y P>TY1 EV5 HAV+ SEIZ$ P[] 7( :I* ! AN>*I/ LEAD]S W]E 9CAPABLE 9 SPITE ( ! H]OISM ( ! AN>*I/ WORK]S71 IS /ILL BY NO MEANS ! SOV]EIGN RUL] ( SOCIETY40 .<#f#i.> ,?US 0WORK]S' P[]0 MEANT ! P>TY LEAD]%IP SEIZ+ P[]1 NOT ! WORK]S4 ,A /RANGE DEF9ITION ( 0WORK]S' P[]10 ,I MU/ ADMIT4 ,! 0LEAD]S0 ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I QUITE RI*I/ POSITION AT ! SAME TIME DUE TO FE> ( ISOLATION & SPLITT+ ! ANTIFASCI/ /RUGGLE4 ,SO RA!R ?AN SEE+1 AS AN>*ISM DOES1 WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS RUNN+ SOCIETY1 ,TROTSKY SAW ! P>TY DO+ ?IS4 0,BECAUSE ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T R5\NC$ DICTATOR%IP = !MSELVES !Y LEFT ! PLACE OP5 = ! ,/AL9I/ DICTATOR%IP10 HE >GU$4 ,?IS WAS P>T ( A G5]AL >GUM5T AB\T H[ ! 0REVOLUTION>Y DICTATOR%IP ( A PROLET>IAN P>TY0 WAS 0AN OBJECTIVE NECESSITY IMPOS$ UPON US BY ! SOCIAL REALITIES40 ,:ILE ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY BELONGS TO ! B>B>IAN PREHI/ORY0 WE C\LD 0NOT JUMP OV] ?IS *APT]40 ,9 FACT1 ! 0REVOLUTION>Y P>TY 7VANGU>D7 :I* R5\NCES ITS [N DICTATOR%IP SURR5D]S ! MASSES TO ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION40 ,SIMPLY PUT1 0IT W\LD BE V]Y WELL IF ! P>TY DICTATOR%IP C\LD BE REPLAC$ BY ! 'DICTATOR%IP' ( ! :OLE TOIL+ PEOPLE )\T ANY P>TY1 BUT ?IS PRESUPPOSES SU* A HI< LEVEL ( POLITICAL DEVELOPM5T AMONG ! MASSES ?AT IT CAN NEV] BE A*IEV$ UND] CAPITALI/ CONDITIONS40 .<#f#i.> ,SADLY ,SELFA DOES NOT EXPLA9 H[ ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY0 :I* W\LD NOT R5\NCE 0ITS [N DICTATOR%IP0 W\LD RESULT 9 A 0WORK]S' SOLUTION40 ,P]HAPS HE IS UNAW>E ( ?IS ADVICE BY ! WORLD'S ! LEAD+ ,BOL%EVIK8 ,H[EV]1 IT %\LD NOT COME AS A SURPRISE AS ,TROTSKY1 LIKE ALL ! ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S1 HAD BE5 >GU+ ?IS S9CE AT LEA/ #a#i#a#i4 ,:I* WAS A KEY REASON :Y ,EMMA BROKE ) !M & PROPOS$ ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ IDEAS ( WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T AS AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,AW>E ?AT SOME AN>*I/S 9 ,SPA9 DID PROPOSE AN>*I/ SOLUTIONS TO ! PROBLEMS FAC+ ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION1 ,SELFA TRIES TO PRES5T !M AS ,M>XI/S4 ,HE CALLS ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 7,FO,D7 A 0GR\P ( AN>*I/S :O BEGAN TO DRAW !SE CONCLUSIONS0 & 0BROKE FROM AN>*ISM & MOV$ T[>D REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM4 ,= ?IS DECISION1 ! ,C,N,T EXPELL$ !M40 ,TROTSKYI/ ,FELIX ,MORR[ MADE ?OSE CLAIMS 9 HIS BOOK 0,REVOLUTION & ,C\NT]-,REVOLUTION 9 ,SPA90 & ,L59I/S HAVE P>ROT$ !M EV]Y S9CE4 ,H[EV]1 ! FACTS >E RADICALLY DIFF]5T4 ,RA!R ?AN MOVE T[>DS ,M>XISM1 ! ,FO,D 9 FACT RETURN$ TO ! IDEAS CURR5T 9 ! ,C,N,T BE=E ! />T ( ! CIVIL W>4 ,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y REMA9$ TRUE TO AN>*ISM :ILE ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP DID NOT4 ,! ATTEMPT AT EXPULSION & ! SME>+ ( !M AS 0,M>XI/S0 WAS NOT DUE TO ANY 0DECISION0 TO MOVE 0T[>D REVOLUTION>Y ,M>XISM0 BY ! ,FO,D BUT RA!R AN ATTEMPT TO NEUTRALIZE A GR[+ ALT]NATIVE )9 ! ,C,N,T TO ! LEAD]%IP'S BUREAUCRATIC & FAIL$ POLICIES4 ,& :ILE ! ,C,N,T LEAD]%IP TRI$ TO EXPEL !M1 ! RANK & FILE DID NOT LET !M4 .<#g.> ,I WILL NOT DISCUSS ,EMMA'S DECISION TO DEF5D ! LEAD]%IP ( ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I & !IR 0AB&ON+ ( PR9CIPLE40 ,%E DOES SO WELL 5\< H]SELF4 ,I DO ?9K1 H[EV]1 %E /RAY$ TOO F> FROM ! NE$S ( SOLID>ITY BY NOT BE+ CRITICAL 9 PUBLIC & POS+ AN ALT]NATIVE4 ,ONE ?+ IS TRUE1 :5 ,SELFA /ATES ?AT ,EMMA'S DEF5SE ( H] POSITION 05CAPSULAT$ ALL ( ! PROBLEMS ( AN>*ISM :5 FAC$ ) REVOLUTION0 HE IS SIMPLY WRONG4 ,HE ASS]TS ?AT ! AN>*I/S 0C\LD REMA9 IRRELEVANT TO ! /RUGGLE & TRUE TO !IR PR9CIPLES1 OR !Y C\LD JUNK !IR PR9CIPLES TO BECOME RELEVANT40 ,YET LOOK+ AT ! UNIONS1 COLLECTIVES & MILITIAS CREAT$ BY ! ,SPANI% AN>*I/S1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ?IS IS NONS5SE4 ,IF WE LOOK TO1 SAY1 ,BAKUN91 WE DISCOV] :AT !Y %\LD HAVE DONE3 0.<,T.>HE F$]AT$ ,ALLIANCE ( ALL LABOR ASSOCIATIONS 444 WILL CON/ITUTE ! ,COMMUNE 444 !RE WILL BE A F$]ATION ( ! /&+ B>RICADES & A ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMUNAL ,C\NCIL WILL OP]ATE ON ! BASIS ( ONE OR TWO DELEGATES FROM EA* B>RICADE 444 !SE DEPUTIES BE+ 9VE/$ ) B9D+ M&ATES & ACC\NTABLE & REVOCABLE AT ALL TIMES444 ,AN APPEAL WILL BE ISSU$ TO ALL PROV9CES1 COMMUNES & ASSOCIATIONS 9VIT+ !M TO FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE SET 444 .<&.> TO REORGANIZE ALONG REVOLUTION>Y L9ES 444 & TO !N DELEGATE DEPUTIES TO AN AGRE$ PLACE ( ASSEMBLY 7ALL ( ?OSE DEPUTIES 9VE/$ ) B9D+ M&ATES & ACC\NTABLE & SUBJECT TO RECALL71 9 ORD] TO F\ND ! F$]ATION ( 9SURG5T ASSOCIATIONS1 COMMUNES & PROV9CES 444 ,?US IT IS ?R\< ! V]Y ACT ( EXTRAPOLATION & ORGANIZATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION ) AN EYE TO ! MUTUAL DEF5SES ( 9SURG5T >EAS ?AT ! 444 ,REVOLUTION1 F\ND$ UPON 444 ! RU9S ( ,/ATES1 WILL EM]GE TRIUMPHANT444 0,S9CE IT IS ! PEOPLE :I* MU/ MAKE ! REVOLUTION EV]Y:]E1 & S9CE ! ULTIMATE DIRECTION ( IT MU/ AT ALL TIMES BE VE/$ 9 ! PEOPLE ORGANIZ$ 9TO A FREE F$]ATION ( AGRICULTURAL & 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATIONS 444 BE+ ORGANIZ$ FROM ! BOTTOM UP ?R\< REVOLUTION>Y DELEGATION 4440 .<#g#a.> ,! TRAG$Y ( ,SPA9 IS ?AT ! AN>*I/S DID NOT FOLL[ ,BAKUN9'S ADVICE4 ,CONTRA ,SELFA1 IT WAS BECAUSE !Y JUNK$ !IR PR9CIPLES ?AT !Y FAIL$4 ,RA!R ?AN ?IS BE+ A PRODUCT ( AN>*I/ !ORY1 ?IS JUNK+ WAS DRIV5 BY ! REAL PROBLEMS !Y FAC$ AFT] DEFEAT+ ! FASCI/ C\P 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,TO DIVORCE ! DECISIONS MADE BY ! ,C,N,T MILITANTS FROM ! CIRCUM/ANCES !Y W]E MADE 9 & BLAME AN>*I/ !ORY IS SIMPLY 9CR$UL\S4 ,BUT UNSURPRIS+1 AS TO GIVE AN ACCURATE ACC\NT ( ?AT !ORY OR ! PRESSURES DRIV+ ! ,CATALAN ,C,N,T'S DECISION W\LD TOTALLY UND]M9E ,SELFA'S >GUM5T4 ,CONCLUSION ,SELFA >GUES ?AT 0! SOCIALI/ TRADITION0 CANNOT 0EMBRACE0 ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN4.<#g#c.> ,IF ,SELFA IS ANY?+ TO GO BY !N ALL ,I CAN SAY IS ?ANK GOODNESS = ?AT6 ,P]HAPS 0! SOCIALI/ TRADITION0 C\LD DO US ALL A FAVOR & 0EMBRACE0 ! TRU? & SU* M9OR ?+S AS HONE/ DEBATE8 ,HIS ESSAY ON ,EMMA %[S ! TYPICAL REVISIONI/ TE*NIQUES ?AT W\LD %AME ANY G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION4 ,I HAVE 9DICAT$ H[ ,SELFA DI/ORTS ,EMMA'S LIFE & IDEAS TO FIT 9TO HIS IDEOLOGICALLY DRIV5 PICTURE ( BO? H] & AN>*ISM4 ,HE CONSI/5TLY SUPPRESSES FACTS :I* CONTRADICT HIS CLAIMS EV5 ?\< !Y >E 9 ! SAME BOOKS HE REF]5CES 7SOMETIMES EV5 9 ! SAME *APT]S674 ,AN>*I/S CAN DRAW COM=T FROM ! FACT HE /OOPS SO L[ SIMPLY BECAUSE \R IDEAS1 NOT HIS1 >E ON ! RISE4 ,WE CAN ALSO ?ANK HIM = HIS T]RIBLE ESSAY AS IT PROVIDES AN OPPORTUNITY TO NOT ONLY DISCUSS AN>*I/ IDEAS BUT ALSO TO HI*I/S0 :O BECAME A ,COMMUNI/ 7& LAT] A ,/AL9I/671 DID NOT CLAIM %E WAS AN AG5T ( ! ,AM]ICAN /ATE6 .<#g#d.> ,SELFA'S AIM IS TWO-FOLD4 ,FIR/LY1 TO PA9T ,EMMA AS AN ELITI/ :OSE POLITICS W]E IMPRACTICAL4 ,&1 SECONDLY1 TO CONTRA/ H] ) O!R AN>*I/S :O BECAME ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,! AIM ( BO? IS CLE>1 TO CONV9CE MOD]N-DAY AN>*I/S TO DO ! SAME4 ,!RE=E HE COMP>ES ,EMMA TO ! 0,SOVIETSKY0 AN>*I/S :O1 HE CLAIMS1 0REALIZ$ NOT ONLY ! NECESSITY ( DEF5D+ ! REVOLUTION1 BUT ! NECESSITY ( P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( ! NEW SOCIETY4 ,WORLDWIDE1 ! BE/ ( ! AN>*I/S - ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S - :OSE LIB]T>IAN IDEAS W]E MO/ CONNECT$ TO WORK]S' /RUGGLES1 JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES40 ,EMMA1 HE ASS]TS1 0LIKE MANY O!R AN>*I/S1 NEV] REALLY >TICULAT$ A /RATEGY ( GETT+ FROM H]E TO ! SOCIETY %E DESIR$40 ,YET1 AS ,I HAVE %[N1 HE CAN ONLY SAY ?IS BY IGNOR+ ,EMMA'S SYNDICALISM & LONG /&+ ACTIVE SUPPORT = LABOR /RUGGLES & ORGANIZATIONS4 ,& IT %\LD NOT BE =GOTT5 ?AT BY 0BE/ (0 ,SELFA MEANS ?OSE LIB]T>IANS EMBRAC$ ! ,BOL%EVIK POSITION ( ! 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY0 & ! SUPPRESSION ( BASIC WORK+ CLASS FRE$OMS & RI*O-SYNDICALI/S DID NOT1 9 FACT1 JO9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES -- QUITE ! REV]SE4 ,ONCE ! TRU? AB\T ! ,BOL%EVIKS BECAME KN[N 9 ,SPA91 ,ITALY1 ,SW$5 & ELSE:]E1 ! SYNDICALI/ UNIONS DISAFFILIAT$ FROM ! ,RUSSIAN DOM9AT$ ,R$ ,TRADE ,UNION ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,SYNDICALI/S ACROSS ! GLOBE SAW ! ]RORS ( ,BOL%EVISM & REJECT$ IT4 ,ONLY 9 ,BRITA91 ,AM]ICA & ,FRANCE DID MORE ?AN A FEW SYNDICALI/S BECOME ,L59I/S & EV5 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES SYNDICALI/S REMA9$ ACTIVE 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T4 ,SO MO/ AN>*I/S :O W]E 0CONNECT$ TO WORK]S' /RUGGLES0 ALSO !Y REJECT$ ,BOL%EVISM = :AT IT WAS -- A DICTATOR%IP ( A M9ORITY OV] ! MASSES4 ,!Y KNEW ?AT REPLAC+ CAPITALI/ AUTOCRACY OV] ! WORK]S ) A ,M>XI/ ONE C\LD NEV] PRODUCE SOCIALISM4 ,& !Y W]E RI*I/S LIKE ,EMMA1 9 O!R WORDS4 ,LITTLE WOND]1 !N1 ,SELFA CONT9UALLY FAILS TO M5TION H] SYNDICALISM & O!R CLASS /RUGGLE IDEAS4 ,?IS MAKES A MOCK]Y ( ,SELFA CLAIM ?AT PEOPLE LIKE ,S]GE 0CAME TO ! CONCLUSION ?AT ONLY COLLECTIVE1 MASS /RUGGLE C\LD ATTA9 SOCIALISM & ?AT ONLY A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY C\LD ORGANIZE ?AT /RUGGLE40 ,YET AN>*I/S LIKE ,EMMA KNEW ?AT ! =M] WAS TRUE BUT ! LATT] WAS NOT4 ,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT = ALL HIS SCORN AT ,EMMA'S 0ELITISM0 ,SELFA CONCLUDES BY >GU+ ?AT ! MASSES !MSELVES CANNOT ORGANIZE 0COLLECTIVE1 MASS /RUGGLE = SOCIALISM40 ,= ,SELFA1 ONLY 0A REVOLUTION>Y P>TY0 CAN4 ,UNLIKE ,EMMA :O CONT9UALLY /RESS$ ?AT ! MASSES C\LD ORGANIZE !IR [N 0COLLECTIVE1 MASS /RUGGLE0 AS WELL AS CREATE A 7TO USE H] WORDS7 0REVOLUTION AT ! BOTTOM0 BY !IR [N EF=TS 7AID$ AS EQUALS BY AN>*I/S1 ONE ( ! 05LIDI/ ,SELFA HAS SU* PROBLEMS )74 ,:ILE ,SELFA ACKN[L$GES ?AT ,EMMA 0CALL$ H]SELF A SMALL-C COMMUNI/10 HE 9SI/S ?AT 0%E WAS ABOVE ALL ELSE1 AN 9DIVIDUALI/ :O BELIEV$ ?AT ! 5LI*I/ & A FIRM SUPPORT] ( SYNDICALISM4 ,H] DEF5SE ( M9ORITIES AGA9/ MAJORITIES AM\NT$ TO LITTLE MORE ?AN ACKN[L$G+ ! SIMPLE FACT ?AT RADICAL IDEAS & ACTIONS ALWAYS />T ) A M9ORITY & SPREAD TO ! MAJORITY4 ,AS SU*1 %E IS EXPRESS+ A LAW ( EVOLUTION & SOCIETY4 ,%E SAW ! TASK ( ! 05LIE ,EMMA'S POSITION TO ?AT ( ,VICTOR ,S]GE4 ,IF HE DID1 !N ! READ] W\LD HAVE TO CONSID] ?AT ,EMMA WAS ! TRUE FRI5D ( ! MASSES :ILE ,S]GE & ! ,BOL%EVISM HE EULOGIZ$ ITS 5EMY4 ,GIV5 ?AT ,SELFA KN[S AB\T ! EXTREME ELITISM ( ,S]GE1 IT IS CLE> ?AT HE IS SIMPLY NOT REFLECT+ REALITY BY DISMISS+ ,EMMA'S POLITICS 9 ?IS WAY4 ,:ILE ,SELFA >GUES ?AT %E DID NOT 0REALLY BUILD AN ORGANIZATION ( AN>*I/S ?AT C\LD C>RY ?AT VISION =W>D10 HE PRES5TS 5\< EVID5CE TO %[ %E BUILT A MOVEM5T BY H] ACTIVISM4 ,A MOVEM5T :I* P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE & PROPOS$ A MEANS 7SYNDICALISM7 TO ?AT 5D4 ,HE CA/S H] AS A 0SIDEL9E CRITIC1 HOLD+ TO AN>*I/ IDEALS EV5 :5 ! /RUGGLE DEM&$ ANSW]S ?AT W]E PRACTICAL & CONCRETE40 ,H[EV]1 !SE IDEALS W]E BO? PRACTICAL & CONCRETE4 ,IF WE LOOK AT ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 IT /RIKES ! IMP>TIAL 9VE/IGATOR ?AT ! AN>*I/ ,MAKHNOVI/S W]E MU* MORE SUCCESSFUL 9 CREAT+ ! PROCLAIM$ GOALS ( SOCIALISM ?AN ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,:]E ! LATT] CRU%$ SOVIET DEMOCRACY & WORK+ CLASS FRE$OMS1 ! =M] 5C\RAG$ !M4 ,IF WE LOOK AT ,SPA91 ! LIB]T>IAN MILITIAS & COLLECTIVES >E F> MORE 9SPIR+ FROM A SOCIALI/ P]SPECTIVE ?AN ,BOL%EVIK P>TY DICTATOR%IP & ONE-MAN MANAGEM5T4 ,SELFA >GUES ?AT ?AT ?IS 0WAS ! MA9 POLITICAL REASON :Y ! ,SOCIALI/ & ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES ECLIPS$ AN>*I/S 9 ! E>LY P>T ( ! LA/ C5TURY40 ,W\LD ,SELFA APPLY ?IS LOGIC TO HIS [N TRADITION8 ,AFT] ALL1 ,TROTSKYI/ P>TIES W]E DW>F$ BY BO? ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY & ,/AL9ISM4 ,IS HE REALLY SUGGE/+ ?AT ,/AL9ISM IS MORE 0PRACTICAL & CONCRETE0 ?AN ,TROTSKYISM8 ,?AT ,/AL9I/ P>TIES CAN 0C>RY ?AT VISION =W>D0 BETT] ?AN ,TROTSKYI/ ONES8 ,IT IS D\BTFUL4 ,= ,SELFA1 09 A P]IOD :5 REAL WORLD1 REVOLUTION>Y EV5TS PUT AN>*I/ !ORIES TO ! TE/1 ! !ORIES CAME UP %ORT40 ,UNLIKE ,M>XISM8 ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY FAIL$ 7AS ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$74 ,BOL%EVISM PRODUC$ A 0DICTATOR%IP OV] ! PROLET>IAT0 7AS ,BAKUN9 PR$ICT$74 ,NEI!R =M ( ,M>XISM PRODUC$ ! CLAIM$ RESULTS &1 AS SU*1 !Y 0CAME UP %ORT40 ,& :AT ( AN>*ISM8 ,H]E ! CONCLUSION TO BE DRAWN IS MORE COMPLEX ?AN ,SELFA CAN ADMIT TO4 ,9 ,RUSSIA1 /ATE REPRESSION BROKE ! BACK ( ! MOVEM5T YET ! ,MAKHNOVI/S 9 ! ,UKRA9E %[ ! AN>*ISM CAN BE SUCCESSFULLY APPLI$ 9 A REVOLUTION4 ,9 ,SPA91 ! AN>*I/S FAIL$ TO APPLY !IR IDEAS 9 ! FACE ( EXTREMELY DIFFICULT CIRCUM/ANCES BUT EV5 9 !IR FAILURE ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION IS /ILL ! MO/ ADVANC$ WORK+ CLASS REVOLUTION ( ALL TIME4 ,YES1 AN>*ISM IS NOT P]FECT4 ,NO !ORY CAN BE4 ,IT NE$S TO DEVELOP & *ANGE TO TAKE 9TO ACC\NT ! NEW SITUATIONS WE FACE4 ,WE NE$ TO LE>N FROM ! PA/4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS NOT :AT ,SELFA DOES4 ,HE REWRITES IT TO BOL/] A BANKRUPT IDEOLOGY :OSE CURE 7/ATE SOCIALISM7 IS WORSE ?AN ! DISEASE 7CAPITALISM74 ,SELFA'S DI%ONE/ DIATRIBE ON ,EMMA1 9 ITS [N WAY1 %[S :Y MORE & MORE RADICALS >E TURN+ TO AN>*ISM4 ,AN HONE/ ACC\NT ( ,R$ ,EMMA & H] IDEAS W\LD CONFIRM !IR CON/RUCTIVE & PRACTICAL NATURE4 ,?AT IS :Y ,SELFA DOES NOT PROVIDE ONE4 .<#a.> ,= ?OSE 9T]E/$ 9 !SE >TICLES1 PLEASE VISIT MY WEBPAGE AT3 AN>*ISM4WS .<#b.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #a1 ,DOV] ,PUBLICATIONS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g1 PP4 #e#b-#c .<#c.> ,&1 9 ! CASE ( ,SELFA1 NON-AN>*I/S6 ,HE /ATES ?AT ,ELIZABE? ,GURLEY ,FLYNN & ,BIG ,BILL ,HAYWOOD 0ACTUALLY LEFT ! RANKS ( AN>*I/S & JO9$ ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TIES40 ,YET ,FLYNN & ,HAYWOOD W]E 7,M>XI/7 SOCIALI/S1 :I* GIVES Y\ A FLAVOR ( HIS GRASP ( ! FACTS4 .<#d.> ,ACT ,= ,Y\RSELVES3 >TICLES FROM ,FRE$OM #a#h#h#f-#a#i#g1 ,N4 ,WALT] & ,H4 ,BECK] 7$S71 ,FRE$OM ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#h#h1 PP4 #a#a#i-#b .<#e.> 0,AN>*ISM3 ,:AT IT REALLY /&S =01 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS1 #cRD ,$ITION1 ,HUMANITY ,BOOKS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#i#h1 P4 #g#f-#g .<#f.> 0,SYNDICALISM3 ,ITS ,!ORY & ,PRACTICE01 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS1 P4 #i#a1 P4 #i#b1 PP4 #i#i-#a & PP4 #i#d-#e .<#g.> 0,PREP>$NESS3 ,! ROAD TO UNIV]SAL SLAU ,A USEFUL AN?OLOGY HAS REC5TLY BE5 PUBLI%$ CALL$ 0,AN>*Y6 ,AN ,AN?OLOGY ( ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN'S ,MO!R ,E>?1 ,PET] ,GLASSGOLD 7$471 ,C\NT]PO9T1 ,WA%+TON1 #b#a4 ,IT CONTA9S #a ESSAYS ON 0,! SOCIAL W>0 9CLUD+ ,MAX ,BAG9SKI'S 0,AIM & ,TACTICS ( ! ,TRADE-,UNION ,MOVEM5T0 & ,VOLT>9E DE ,CLEYRE'S 0,A ,/UDY ( ! ,G5]AL ,/RIKE 9 ,PHILADELPHIA40 ,CLE>LY A PAP] :I* IGNOR$ COLLECTIVE MASS /RUGGLE6 ,SIGNIFICANTLY1 ,SELFA QUOTES FROM ?IS BOOK 9 HIS ESSAY & SO IS AW>E ( SU* >TICLES 9 ,EMMA'S PAP]4 .<#i.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #a1 P4 #def .<#a.> 0,! ,9DIVIDUAL1 ,SOCIETY & ! ,/ATE10 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS1 P4 #a#a#a2 0,M9ORITIES V]SUS ,MAJORITIES01 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS1 P4 #he .<#a#a.> 0,AN>*ISM3 ,:AT IT REALLY /&S =01 P4 #gf .<#a#b.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #a41 P4 #dia .<#a#c.> 0,SYNDICALISM3 ITS !ORY ( & PRACTICE10 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS1 P4 #i#e2 ,= DETAILS ( ! ,LAWR5CE /RIKE SEE ,H[>D ,Z9N'S ,A ,PEOPLE'S ,HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 7#bND $471 ,LONGMAN1 ,ESSEX1 #a#i#i#f1 PP4 #c#b#g-#h .<#a#d.> 0,M9ORITIES V]SUS ,MAJORITIES01 P4 #he .<#a#e.> QUOT$ BY ,>?UR ,RANSOME1 ,! ,CRISIS 9 ,RUSSIA #a#i#b1 ,R$WORDS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i#b1 P4 #ce .<#a#f.> 0,HUE & ,CRY OV] ,KRON/ADT01 ,KRON/ADT1 1 ,MONAD ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#h#f1 P4 #he .<#a#g.> 0,! ,MORALI/S & ,SYCOPHANTS01 ,!IR ,MORALS & ,\RS1 ,PA?F9D]1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#c1 P4 #ei .<#a#h.> 0,SOCIALISM3 ,CAU ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #a1 P4 #dia .<#b.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 P4 #efg .<#b#a.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #a1 P4 #hg .<#b#b.> ,M>T9 ,A4 ,MILL]1 ,AN>*ISM1 ,! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#g#f1 PP4 #a#g#d-#e .<#b#c.> ,SEE ,C>OL9E ,CAHM'S ,KROPOTK9 & ! ,RISE ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM1 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,CAMBRIDGE1 #a#i#h#i4 .<#b#d.> 0,ORGANIZATIONAL ,QUE/ION ( ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY01 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG ,SPEAKS1 ,M>Y-,ALICE ,WAT]S 7$471 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g1 PP4 #a#b#f-#g .<#b#e.> ,COLLECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 #g1 PP4 #c#i#f-#g .<#b#f.> ,= MORE ON ! LIMITATIONS & FAILURES ( VANGU>DISM1 SEE 0,SECTION ,H4#e3 ,:AT IS VANGU>DISM & :Y DO AN>*I/S REJECT IT80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q04 .<#b#g.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 PP4 #g#c#h-#i2 ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,?OMAS ,Y4 ,CR[ELL ,COMPANY1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g1 P4 #bde .<#b#h.> ,= MORE ON ,BOL%EVIK ONSLAU*I/ ,F,A,Q04 .<#b#i.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 #be .<#c.> ,BE=E ,/AL9ISM 3 ,! ,RISE & ,FALL ( ,SOVIET ,DEMOCRACY1 ,POLITY ,PRESS1 ,OX=D1 #a#i#i1 P4 #dd .<#c#a.> ,= FUR!R DISCUSSION ( ?IS SEE ! 0,APP5DIX3 ,:AT CAUS$ ! DEG5]ATION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q4 .<#c#b.> ,JONA?AN ,AVES1 ,WORK]S AGA9/ ,L593 ,LABOR PROTE/ & ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP1 ,TAURIS ,ACADEMIC ,/UDIES1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i#f1 P4 #e1 P4 #i#c1 P4 #aaa & PP4 #a#e#e-#f4 ,AVES BOOK IS ESS5TIAL READ+ TO GET A FEEL ( ! DYNAMICS ( ! CLASS W> AGA9/ ! ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP4 ,SEE ALSO 0,SECTION ,H4#f4#c3 ,W]E ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S 0DECLASS$0 & 0ATOMIZ$080 .<#c#c.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 XLIX .<#c#d.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 #eg .<#c#e.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 PP4 #c#c-#d2 ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 #g#f#e-#f .<#c#f.> ,PAUL ,AVRI*1 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,AN>*I/S1 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON @& ,COMPANY1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#h1 PP4 #a#h#c-#d .<#c#g.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 #bf .<#c#h.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 PP4 #i#a-#b .<#c#i.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 PP4 #a#h#i-#a#i#b .<#d.> ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTION>Y1 #a#i#a-#d#a1 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 ,OX=D1 #a#i#f#c4 P4 #abd .<#d#a.> ,AVRI* NOTES ?AT 0',SOVIETS )\T ,COMMUNI/S' WAS NOT1 AS IS (T5 MA9TA9$ BY BO? ,SOVIET & NON-,SOVIET WRIT]S1 A ,KRON/ADT SLOGAN40 ,AS F> AS BE+ AN>*I/S1 HE PO9TS \T ?AT :ILE ! 09FLU5CE ( ! AN>*I/S 444 HAD ALWAYS BE5 /RONG )9 ! FLEET0 & 0HAD BY NO MEANS DISSIPAT$0 9 #a#i#b#a1 9 FACT ! 0,POLITICAL GR\P CLO/E/ TO ! REBELS0 W]E ! ,S,R ,MAXIMALI/S :O OCCUPI$ 0A PLACE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y SPECTRUM BETWE5 ! ,LEFT ,S,R'S & ! AN>*I/S :ILE %>+ ELEM5TS ( BO?40 7,KRON/ADT #a#i#b#a1 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON & ,COMPANY ,9C41 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g1 P4 #a#h#a1 P4 #a#f#h1 P4 #afi & P4 #a#g#a7 .<#d#b.> ,= MORE ON ,KRON/ADT & ,L59I/ LIES AGA9/ IT1 SEE ! 0,APP5DIX3 ,:AT WAS ! ,KRON/ADT ,REBELLION80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#d#c.> ,SEE 0,SECTION ,H4#f4#a3 ,CAN OBJECTIVE FACTORS EXPLA9 ! FAILURE ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION80 & 0,SECTION #f3 ,:AT HAPP5$ TO ! SOVIETS AFT] ,OCTOB]80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#d#d.> ,AT ! #aib ,COM9T]N CONGRESS1 ,Z9OVIEV ANN\NC$ TO ! WORLD ?AT 0! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT IS AT ! SAME TIME ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 ,?IS WAS APPLICABLE EV]Y:]E3 0,TODAY1 PEOPLE LIKE ,KAUTSKY COME ALONG & SAY ?AT 9 ,RUSSIA Y\ DO NOT HAVE ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! WORK+ CLASS BUT ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! P>TY4 ,!Y ?9K ?IS IS A REPROA* AGA9/ US4 ,NOT 9 ! LEA/6 ,WE HAVE A DICTATOR%IP ( ! WORK+ CLASS & ?AT IS PRECISELY :Y WE ALSO HAVE A DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY40 7,PROCE$+S & ,DOCUM5TS ( ! ,SECOND ,CONGRESS #a#i#b1 VOL4 #a1 ,PA?F9D]1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#i#a1 PP4 #a#e#a-#b7 .<#d#e.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 #bdg .<#d#f.> ,= DETAILS SEE 1 0,SECTION #a#a3 ,W]E ! ,:ITES A ?REAT DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#d#g.> 0,! ,CAMPAIGN ( ,LIES01 ,KRON/ADT1 P4 #eb .<#d#h.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 #b .<#d#i.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 PP4 #g#f#g-#h .<#e.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 P4 #gfh .<#e#a.> ,REVOLUTION 9 ,DANG]1 P4 #a#f1 P4 #ib & P4 #aae .<#e#b.> ,REVOLUTION 9 ,DANG]1 P4 #f#g1 P4 #ff & P4 #f .<#e#c.> ,= MORE ON ,MAKHNOVI/S1 SEE ! 0,APP5DIX3 ,:Y DOES ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T %[ !RE IS AN ALT]NATIVE TO ,BOL%EVISM80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#e#d.> 0,! ,PLAT=M ( ! ,OPPOSITION0 AVAILABLE AT3 WWW4M>XI/S4ORG .<#e#e.> ,= MORE ON ,TROTSKY'S SUPPORT = P>TY DICTATOR%IP 9 ! #a#i#bS SEE 0,SECTION #c ,:AT AB\T ,TROTSKY'S 0,LEFT ,OPPOSITION0 9 ! #a#i#bS80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#e#f.> 0,! ,MORALI/S & ,SYCOPHANTS01 ,!IR ,MORALS & ,\RS1 PP4 #e#i-#f .<#e#g.> 0,!RE IS NO ,COMMUNISM 9 ,RUSSIA10 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS .<#e#h.> 0,AFT]WORD TO ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA10 ,R$ ,EMMA ,SPEAKS1 P4 #*g & P4 #*i .<#e#i.> ,MY ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA1 P4 LI .<#f.> ,DANIEL ,GU]91 ,AN>*ISM3 ,FROM !ORY TO PRACTICE1 1 ,MON?LY ,REVIEW ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK_/,LONDON1 #a#i#g1 P4 #ig .<#f#a.> ,:AT IS ,AN>*ISM81 ,A,K ,PRESS1 ,$9BUR<_/,LONDON_/,OAKL&1 #b#c4 ,( P>TICUL> 9T]E/ >E *APT]S ,X,X,V,I,I 70,ORGANIZATION ( ,LABOR = ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION0 -- :I* DISCUSSES ! NE$ = ! WORK+ CLASS TO ORGANIZE ITSELF71 ,X,X,V,I,I 70,PR9CIPLES & ,PRACTICE0 -- :I* COV]S ! NE$ F$]ATIONS ( %OP & FACTORY C\NCILS7 & ,X,X,X,I 70,DEF5SE ( ! ,REVOLUTION074 ,ALSO ( NOTE IS *APT] ,X,I,I,I 70,SOCIALISM07 :I* SURELY COV]S SOME ( ! GR\ND ( HIS PROPOS$ REPLY TO ,L59'S 0,LEFT-W+ ,COMMUNISM04 .<#f#b.> SEE ! ,APP5DIX3 ,:Y DOES ! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T %[ !RE IS AN ALT]NATIVE TO ,BOL%EVISM8 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q04 .<#f#d.> ,SEE 0,SECTION ,I4#h4#a3 ,:Y DID ! ,C4,N4,T4 COLLABORATE ) ! /ATE80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#f#d.> ,SEE 0,SECTION ,I4#h4#a3 ,:Y DID ! ,C4,N4,T4 COLLABORATE ) ! /ATE80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#f#e.> QUOT$ BY ,ROB]T ,ALEX&]1 ,! ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 VOL4 #b1 1 ,JANUS ,PUBLI%+ ,COMPANY1 ,LONDON1 #a#i#i#i1 P4 #aaef .<#f#g.> ,SEE 0,APP5DIX #c4#b3 #h4 ,DID ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 'BREAK )' AN>*ISM80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#f#g.> ,SEE 0,APP5DIX #c4#b3 #h4 ,DID ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 'BREAK )' AN>*ISM80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#f#i.> ,WRIT+S #a#i#c#f-#c#g1 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#h1 PP4 #e#a#c-#d .<#f#i.> ,WRIT+S #a#i#c#f-#c#g1 ,PA?F9D] ,PRESS1 ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#i#g#h1 PP4 #e#a#c-#d .<#g.> ,= A DISCUSSION ( ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI & !IR 7NON-7RELATION TO ,M>XISM SEE 0,APP5DIX #c4#b3 #g4 ,W]E ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,M>XI/S80 ( ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,F,A,Q .<#g#a.> ,NO ,GOD1 ,NO ,MA/]S1 VOL4 #a1 ,GU]91 ,DANIEL 7$471 ,A,K ,PRESS1 ,$9BUR<_/,SAN ,FRANCISCO1 #a#i#i#h1 PP4 #a#e#e-#f .<#g#c.> ,LIV+ ,MY ,LIFE1 VOL4 #b1 P4 #i$ ,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 ,*RONOLOGY 3 ,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,R$ ,EMMA & ! ,R$S -- ,ADD$4 ,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,R$ ,EMMA & ! ,R$S -- ,UPDAT$4 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3 HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/