,PRIVATE ,GOV]NM5T 
,REVIEW ,ESSAY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,TEXT 3 

,ELIZABE? ,&]SON1 ,PRIVATE ,GOV]NM5T3 ,H[ ,EMPLOY]S ,RULE ,\R ,LIVES 7& ,:Y ,WE ,DON'T ,TALK AB\T IT4 ,PR9CETON ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a#g1 @s#b#g4#i#e H>DCOV]4 

,?IS IS BO? AN IMPORTANT BOOK :I* RAISES A KEY ISSUE & ONE :I* SIMPLY /ATES ! OBVI\S4 ,IT IS BO? A WELL-RESE>*$ WORK & ONE :I* IGNORES A S*OOL ( ?9K]S :O W]E PIONE]S ON ! SUBJECT4 ,IT IS ONE :I* BO? *ALL5GES ASSUMPTIONS & TAKES !M = GRANT$4 ,9 %ORT1 IT IS BO? P]CEPTIVE & FRU/RAT+4 

,ELIZABE? ,&]SON IS A PR(ESSOR ( PHILOSOPHY & WOM5'S /UDIES AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,MI*IGAN & H] BOOK SEEKS TO RAISE ! ISSUE ( WORKPLACE HI]>*Y & ITS NEGATIVE EFFECTS4 ,H] BOOK COMPRISES A PREFACE1 TWO ESSAYS 70,:5 ! M>KET WAS ',LEFT'0 & 0,PRIVATE ,GOV]NM5T07 & A 0,REPLY TO ! ,COMM5TATORS10 PLUS AN 9TRODUCTION BY ,/EPH5 ,MAC$O & F\R COMM5TS BY V>I\S ACADEMICS4 

,IT /ATES ! OBVI\S BY *RONICL+ ! EXT5SIVE P[] EMPLOY]S HAVE OV] !IR WORK]S BO? )9 & \TSIDE ! COMPANY4 ,?AT %E FEELS ! NE$ TO PROVIDE SUB/ANTIAL EVID5CE = :AT %\LD BE AN OBVI\S FACT SPEAKS VOLUMES - IT IS ! ELEPHANT 9 ! ROOM ( \R SO-CALL$ 0FREE0 7I4E41 CAPITALI/7 ECONOMIES3 09 PUR*AS+ COMM& OV] LABOR1 EMPLOY]S PUR*ASE COMM& OV] PEOPLE40 7#e#g7 ,%E RI<TLY NOTES ?AT WORK]S 9 ! NEW 9DU/RIAL ECONOMY CALL$ IT 0WAGE SLAV]Y10 RA!R ?AN ! 0FREE LABOR0 ( ! LIB]ALS1 = !Y W]E WELL AW>E ?AT IT WAS 0A RELATION ( PR(\ND SUBORD9ATION TO !IR EMPLOY]40 7#c#e7 ,%E IS ALSO RI<T TO NOTE ?AT 0.<T.>O BE EGALIT>IAN IS TO COMM5D & PROMOTE A SOCIETY 9 :I* MEMB]S 9T]ACT AS EQUALS0 7#c71 & SO TO BE AN EGALIT>IAN IS TO BE A LIB]T>IAN1 SOMEONE :O PROMOTES LIB]TY - !RE IS LITTLE LIB]TY :5 Y\ >E SUBJECT TO HI]>*Y4 

,AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 NOT+ ALL ?IS S9CE #a#h#d1 :5 ,PR\DHON PROCLAIM$ PROP]TY TO BE BO? 0!FT0 & 0DESPOTISM40 ,YET1 = ALL H] IMPRESSIVE RESE>*1 %E ALMO/ COMPLETELY FAILS TO M5TION ! LIB]T>IAN ANALYSIS - 0AN>*ISM1 SYNDICALISM0 >E M5TION$ ONLY 9 PASS+4 7#f7 ,GIV5 ?AT LIB]T>IANS HAVE PLAC$ ! ISSUES %E RAISES AT ! C5T] ( !IR IDEAS = NE>LY #b YE>S1 IT IS SIMPLY /AGG]+ ?AT ,&]SON IGNORES US4 ,:ILE %E MAY BEMOAN H[ 0WORK]S L>GELY AB&ON$ !IR PRO-M>KET1 9DIVIDUALI/IC EGALIT>IAN DREAM & TURN$ TO SOCIALI/1 COLLECTIVI/ ALT]NATIVES10 7#e#i7 %E FAILS TO DISCUSS ?OSE LIKE ,PR\DHON ) PRO-M>KET1 COLLECTIVI/ EGALIT>IAN DREAMS 9 SPITE ( HIS MUTUALISM MEET+ H] 7UN/AT$7 CRIT]IA ( BE+ PRO-M>KET & BE+ EXPLICITLY AW>E ( ! ISSUES :I* >OSE ) ! RISE ( L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RY4 ,SOCIALISM APPE>S TO BE EQUAT$ ) ,M>XISM & ?IS C5TRALIZ$ SY/EM IS1 RI<TLY1 DISMISS$ BUT !RE IS NO 5GAGEM5T ) LIB]T>IAN VISIONS ( SOCIALISM4 ,NOR IS !RE ANY M5TION ( ! WORK BY ,C>OLE ,PATEMAN OR ,DAVID ,ELL]MAN1 NOT EV5 ,NOAM ,*OMSKY :O REGUL>LY RAISES ! SAME ISSUES & IS BY F> ! BE/ KN[N LIB]T>IAN WRIT] TODAY4 

,AN>*ISM IS M5TION$ ONCE MORE1 :5 ,HOBBES' BRUTI% 0,/ATE ( ,NATURE0 IS EQUAT$ TO AN>*I/ COMMUNISM1 :I* IS AN 0UNREGULAT$ COMMONS0 :]E ANYONE CAN TAKE ANY?+ FROM :OEV] !Y WI%4 7#d#f7 ,YET SIMPLY CONSULT+ ANY LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ?9K] W\LD QUICKLY %[ ?AT !Y ADVOCATE USE RI<TS COMB9$ ) SOCIAL OV]VIEW4 ,?IS W\LD BE A 0REGULAT$0 COMMUNE =1 REG>DLESS ( MY?S1 UNREGULAT$ COMMUNES >E R>E 9 HUMAN HI/ORY 7& G5]ALLY REFLECT A BREAKD[N 9 SOCIETY DUE TO ACTIONS ( /ATE OR WEAL?74 ,SO PEOPLE W\LD NOT EXPECT !IR POSSESSIONS TO BE >BITR>ILY TAK5 FROM !M 9 ANY AN>*I/ SY/EM4 

,&]SON1 !N1 SEEMS BLISSFULLY UNAW>E ( ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( PROP]TY1 EQUAT+ PROP]TY ) ! RI<T TO EXCLUDE O!RS & PROCLAIM+ ! >GUM5TS = PROP]TY 0IMPECCABLE40 7#d#e-#f7 ,SURELY AN AW>5ESS ( ! IDEAS BE+ CRITIQU$ %\LD BE CONSID]$ AS ESS5TIAL RESE>* BE=E COMM5T+ UPON IT8 ,SIMIL>LY1 IF %E HAD READ ,PR\DHON'S ,:AT IS ,PROP]TY8 %E W\LD UND]/& H[ ! 0IMPECCABLE0 !ORY ( PROP]TY PRODUCES ! V]Y EVILS %E 9DICATES & D5\NCES AS WELL AS ! AN>*I/ USE-RI<TS !ORY :I* 5DS !M )\T CREAT+ A WORSE PROBLEM 9 /ATE CAPITALISM4 

,%E DOES M5TION & DISCUSS 0LIB]T>IANS0 7#f-#b7 BUT !SE >E /RANGE LOV]S ( FRE$OM BECAUSE1 AS ,MAC$O NOTES1 !Y IGNORE ?AT EMPLOYM5T 0BR+S ) IT SUBJECTION TO >BITR>Y P[] ?AT EXT5DS BEYOND !IR WORK LIVES40 7XI7 ,&]SON H]SELF NOTES ?AT !SE SELF-PROCLAIM$ 0LIB]T>IANS0 SEEM TO HAVE NO PROBLEM ) PRIVATE TYRANNY & ?AT 0IT IS SURPRIS+ H[ COM=TABLE SOME LIB]T>IANS >E ) ! VALIDITY ( CONTRACTS 9TO SLAV]Y0 7#f#f7 AS WELL AS NON-COMPETE CONTRACTS1 YET AT NO PO9T RAISES ! OBVI\S PO9T ?AT !SE PEOPLE HAVE NO CONCEPT ( :AT LIB]TY ACTUALLY IS4 

,AGA91 ?IS PO9TS TO S]I\S FLAWS 9 H] S*OL>%IP 9-SO-F> AS %E APPE>S UNAW>E ( ! ,AM]ICAN RI<T'S DELIB]ATE !FT ( ! WORD 0LIB]T>IAN0 FROM AN>*I/S 9 ! #a#i#eS4 ,WORSE1 %E MAKES NO ATTEMPT TO UND]/& ?IS OBVI\S P>ADOX ( 0LIB]T>IANS0 ADVOCAT+ DEEPLY AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,AFT] ALL1 IT IS NOT 0SURPRIS+0 AT ALL ?AT !SE 0LIB]T>IANS0 ADVOCATE VOLUNT>Y SLAV]Y = ,JOHN ,LOCKE1 F\ND] ( CLASSICAL LIB]ALISM1 DID SO UND] ! T]M 0DRUDG]Y0 - AMONG ! MANY 0SUBORD9ATE RELATIONS0 HE DEF5D$1 9CLUD+ ACTUAL SLAV]Y4 

,&]SON MISREADS ,LOCKE COMPLETELY1 PROCLAIM+ HIM AN EGALIT>IAN 7#a#f7 :5 9 FACT ! EQUALITY HE PO/ULATES AT ! DAWN ( HIS /ATE ( NATURE IS SIMPLY ! OP5+ P>AGRAPH ( A 0JU/-SO0 /ORY WEAV$ TO JU/IFY CURR5T 9EQUALITIES 9 WEAL? & P[] 9 ORD] TO SECURE ! 0SUBORD9ATE0 RELATION%IPS ( MA/]-S]VANT1 HUSB&-WIFE1 GOV]NOR-GOV]N$1 !SE PRODUCE4 ,CONS5T WAS ! MEANS TO DO ?IS &1 NE$LESS TO SAY1 %E DOES NOT T>RY OV] ,LOCKE'S CONTRACTUAL DEF5SES ( SLAV]Y & S]FDOM3 HE DID NOT CONTRADICT HIMSELF 9 DEF5D+ SLAV]Y NOR 9 DRAFT+ ,! ,FUNDAM5TAL ,CON/ITUTIONS ( ,C>OL9A AS %E CLAIMS4 7#a#g#f7 ,= IT IS TO ,LOCKE ?AT WE MU/ TRACE ! NOTION ( 0SUBJECTION AS FRE$OM10 7#f#b7 AS %[N BY YET ANO!R AU?OR :O GOES UNM5TION$1 ,C>OLE ,PATEMAN 7MO/ OBVI\SLY 9 ,! ,SEXUAL ,CONTRACT74 

,LOCKE1 !N1 S\<T TO JU/IFY 9EQUALITY BY MEANS ( JU/-SO /ORIES & ! LIB]AL USE ( ! WORD 0CONS5T40 ,SO %E IS WRONG TO SUGGE/ ?AT ! ADVOCATES ( LAISSEZ-FAIRE 0FAIL$ TO RECOGNIZE ?AT ! OLD] >GUM5TS .<PREMIS$ ON SELF-EMPLOYM5T.> NO LONG] APPLI$0 AFT] 9DU/RIALIZATION & ?AT IT IS FROM ?IS 0>OSE ! SYMBIOTIC RELATION%IP BETWE5 LIB]T>IANISM & AU?ORIT>IANISM ?AT BLI<TS \R POLITICAL DISC\RSE TO ?IS DAY40 7#c#f7 ,READ SO-CALL$ 0LIB]T>IAN0 WRIT]S LIKE ,NOZICK & ,RO?B>D & Y\ WILL SEE ?AT PRIVATE TYRANNY IS RECOGNIZ$ - & DEF5D$ ) GU/O4 ,9 ?IS !Y FOLL[ ,LOCKE & HIS DEF5SE ( ! HI]>*ICAL SOCIAL RELATION%IPS ( ! AGR>IAN CAPITALISM HE WAS FAMILI> )4 

,! SELECTIVE P]SPECTIVE ,&]SON BEMOANS IS MORE APP>5T ?AN REAL1 BE+ MORE ?AN AN 0]ROR40 7#e#g7 ,IT IS NOT 9 FACT A 0BIZ>RE COMB9ATION0 AT ALL = ! LAISSEZ-FAIRE LIB]ALS TO HAVE 0HO/ILITY T[>D /ATE P[] & 5?USIASM = HYP]DISCIPL9>Y TOTAL 9/ITUTIONS40 7#e#h7 ,?IS IS BECAUSE !Y W]E 9T]E/$ 9 PROP]TY1 NOT LIB]TY - AS SE5 BY ,LOCKE & HIS IDEOLOGICAL DESC5DANTS4 ,9DE$1 IT IS ! FEW CLASSICAL LIB]ALS 7MO/ OBVI\SLY1 ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL7 :O >E NOTABLE EXCEPTIONS 9 ?IS :O NE$ TO BE ACC\NT$ =1 AL?\< %E DOES NOT - ,MILL'S SUPPORT = COOP]ATIVES IS RELEGAT$ TO AN 5D NOTE :ILE HIS PIONE]+ FEM9ISM GOES UNM5TION$ 7P]HAPS HIS LAT] M>KET SOCIALISM IS ! REASON = ?IS874 

,/ILL1 H] SKET*ES ( PRE-9DU/RIAL LIB]ALS - ! ,LEVEL]S1 ,ADAM ,SMI?1 ,?OMAS ,PA9E1 ,ABRAHAM ,L9COLN - >E USEFUL EXAMPLES ( H] !SIS ON ! *ANG+ NATURE ( M>KET FRE$OM4 ,%E RI<TLY RECLAIMS ,ADAM ,SMI? FROM ! RI<T1 NOT+ HIS EGALIT>IAN T5D5CIES & HIS OBVI\S PREF]5CE = SELF-EMPLOYM5T4 7#a#g-#b#b7 ,%E QUOTES HIM ON H[ ALL HAVE 0AN EQUAL RI<T TO ! E>?0 & H[ A 0T5ANT AT WILL0 IS 0AS DEP5D5T UPON ! PROPRIETOR AS ANY S]VANT0 & 0MU/ OBEY HIM ) AS LITTLE RES]VE40 ,SIMIL>LY1 ,PA9E'S WRIT+S C\LD BE CLASS$ AS 0BROADLY LIB]T>IAN0 7#b#d7 9 ! P>ADOXICAL & SELF-CONTRADICTORY ,AM]ICAN S5SE PRECISELY BECAUSE HE LIV$ 9 A PRE-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY YET HE WAS WELL AW>E ( ! NE$ = L& RE=M & PROGRESSIVE 9COME TAX1 ANA!MA = TODAY'S SO-CALL$ 0LIB]T>IANS0 ( ! RI<T4 ,HIS WRIT+S DO 0NOT DISPLAY A TRACE ( ! ANTI-CAPITALI/ CLASS CONFLICT ?AT *>ACT]IZ$ N9ETE5? C5TURY POLITICS0 BECAUSE !RE WAS NO 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM & ?IS IS :Y 0IT DOES NOT MAKE S5SE TO PIT WORK]S AGA9/ CAPITALI/S40 7#b#e1 #b#f7 ,9 %ORT1 SOCIAL CONTEXT MATT]S :5 EVALUAT+ IDEAS - AS CAN BE SE51 MO/ OBVI\SLY1 ) C]TA9 ASPECTS ( C]TA9 7,AM]ICAN7 9DIVIDUALI/ AN>*I/S )9 \R TRADITION4 

,AS F> AS ! EVID5CE & LOGIC ( H] CASE GO1 ,&]SON HAS DONE AN EXCELL5T JOB ) BO? EV5 IF %E IGNORES ! AN>*I/ TRADITION4 ,9 T]MS ( ! CONCLUSIONS %E DRAWS FROM !SE1 !RE IS LESS TO RECOMM5D4 ,H[EV]1 BE=E DISCUSS+ ?IS1 ! O!R CONTRIBUTORS TO ! BOOK %\LD BE M5TION$4 ,?REE ( ! COMM5TATORS 7,HU<ES1 ,BROMWI* & ,KOLODNY1 P>TICUL>LY ! LATT]7 BR+ LITTLE TO ! DISCUSSION1 ! F\R? 7,TYL] ,C[57 IS ( 9T]E/ SIMPLY BECAUSE AS AN ECONOMI/ 7& QUASI-0LIB]T>IAN07 HE %[S ?AT H] ACC\NT ( ! M5TAL BL9K]S ASSOCIAT$ ) WORKPLACE HI]>*Y IS CORRECT4 ,HIS REPLY - 0,WORK ,ISN'T ,SO ,BAD ,AFT] ALL0 - IS /AGG]+ 9 ITS UNWILL+NESS TO UND]/& ! PO9T BE+ MADE4 ,BY DEF9ITION WORK]S DO TOIL UND] ! SUP]VISION ( COMMUNI/ DICTATORS1 REG>DLESS ( ,C[5'S SMUG F9AL S5T5CE4 

,HIS DEF5SE ( FACTORY FASCISM IS REPLETE ) ! 9VOCATION ( 0V]Y (T50 - 0V]Y (T50 WORK]S >E FIR$ = PUTT+ RACI/1 SEXI/ COMM5TS ON ! 9T]NET TO PROTECT O!R WORK]S 7IGNOR+1 = EXAMPLE1 ! WELL-DOCUM5T$ FIR+S = POLITICAL OP9ION ,&]SON PROVIDES7 - :ILE 0ABUSES >E RELATIVELY FEW 9 NUMB]0 & ! GA9S 0\TWEI< ?OSE CO/S40 7#a#a#b-#c7 ,NO EVID5CE IS PROVID$1 UNLIKE ) ,&]SON :O PROVIDES OV]:ELM+ EVID5CE TO SUPPORT H] POSITION4 ,LIKEWISE1 HE ASS]TS ?AT COOP]ATIVES & SU* LIKE >E (T5 0LESS EFFICI5T0 7#a#a#e7 :5 ! EMPIRICAL EVID5CE SUGGE/S O!RWISE1 :I* RAISES ! AWKW>D QUE/ION ( :Y A LESS EFFICI5T MODE ( PRODUCTION DOM9ATES SOCIETY4 

,C[AN IS DISMISSIVE ( ! NOTION ?AT WORKPLACE TYRANNY IS AN ISSUE1 = IF IT SAYS :AT HE WANTS TO HE> !N ! VOICE ( ! PEOPLE IS TRULY ! VOICE ( GOD3 0,I DO NOT SEE ! EVID5CE ?AT SUGGE/S SU* EV5TS >E A MAJOR CONC]N ( ! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC40 7#a#a#c7 ,IT W\LD BE *URLI% TO NOTE ?AT 9DIFF]5CE IS ONE ( ! ISSUES ,&]SON RAISES - :Y DO WE NOT TALK AB\T IT8 - & W\LD NOT ! ?REAT ( BE+ FIR$ = RAIS+ SU* ISSUES EXPLA9 ?IS8 ,LIKEWISE1 CONC]NS CAN & DO *ANGE1 P>TICUL>LY IF ADVANC$ M9ORITIES RAISE ! ISSUE4 ,AFT] ALL1 WE CAN BE SURE ?AT SEXUAL & RACIAL 9EQUALITY DID NOT CONC]N 0! ,AM]ICAN PUBLIC0 MU* BE=E ! RISE ( ! CIVIL RI<TS & WOM5'S MOVEM5TS4 

,IT IS WOR? DISCUSS+ ONE PAP] ,C[AN DRAWS UPON TO %[ ! FLAWS ( HIS COMM5T4 ,HE SUGGE/S ?AT ,G]MAN CODET]M9ATION 0CO/S AB\T #bf P]C5T ( %>EHOLD] VALUE0 :I* HE PUTS D[N TO 0L[] PRODUCTIVITY40 7#a#a#f7 ,YET ,G]MAN WORK]S >E MORE PRODUCTIVE ?AN ,AM]ICAN ONES 9 T]MS ( ,G,D,P P] H\R WORK$4 ,NOR DOES ! PAP] HE CITES >GUE ?IS4 ,IT DOES SUGGE/ 0CODET]M9ATION R$UCES ,M,T,B .<,M>KET-,TO-,BOOK.> BY #b#g.0 & ,R,O,A .<,RETURNS ,ON ,ASSETS.> BY #e BASIS PO9TS0 BUT NOTES ?IS IS DUE TO ! 0TRANSF] ( SOME CONTROL RI<TS FROM EQUITY HOLD]S TO EMPLOYES .<:I*.> RESULTS 9 A DIFF]5T SET ( *OICES = ! FIRM40 7,G>Y ,GORTON & ,FRANK ,S*MID1 ,CLASS ,/RUGGLE 9SIDE ! ,FIRM3 ,A ,/UDY ( ,G]MAN ,CODET]M9ATION1 ,WORK+ ,PAP] #g#i#d#e1 ,NATIONAL ,BUREAU ( ,ECONOMIC ,RESE>*1 #b#e7 ,! ,M,T,B RATIO SUGGE/S ?AT A COMPANY'S %>E VALUE WILL BE GREAT] ?AN ITS BOOK VALUE BECAUSE ! %>E PRICE TAKES 9TO ACC\NT 9VE/ORS' E/IMATE ( ! PR(ITABILITY ( ! COMPANY4 

,PRODUCTIVITY1 AS ,C[AN SURELY KN[S1 IS DIFF]5T ?AN PR(ITABILITY4 ,PR(ITABILITY IS ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 CO/S & PRICES4 ,PRODUCTIVITY IS ! VALUE WORK]S CREATE - H[ IT IS DI/RIBUT$ IS :]E IT 9T]SECTS ) PR(ITABILITY4 ,ANY >RANGEM5T :I* 9CREASES ! WORK]S' B>GA9+ P[] WILL BY DEF9ITION R$UCE PR(ITABILITY 7BECAUSE WORK]S KEEP MORE ( ! VALUE !Y CREATE7 BUT MAY 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY 7= PRECISELY ! SAME REASON74 ,?US ,C[AN COMPLETELY MISUND]/&S ! PAP] HE CITES1 = ,GORTON & ,S*MID >E DISCUSS+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( SURPLUS RA!R ?AN ITS SIZE4 ,!Y CONCLUDE ?AT 0CODET]M9ATION DOES EMP[] EMPLOYES1 & ?AT !Y USE !IR P[] 9 WAYS ?AT CONTRADICT ! DESIRES ( %>EHOLD]0 & 0! ABILITY TO 9FLU5CE DECISION-MAK+ VIA SUP]VISORY BO>D SEATS IS VALUABLE TO EMPLOYES1 ALL[+ !M TO R$I/RIBUTE FIRM SURPLUS T[>DS !MSELVES40 7#f7 ,ALSO 0UNIONIZATION IS ASSOCIAT$ ) L[] FIRM PR(ITABILITY0 = 0UNIONS >E SUCCESSFUL 9 R$I/RIBUT+ FIRM SURPLUS T[>DS WORK]S40 7#h-#i7 

,9 O!R WORDS1 ,C[AN IS ATTACK+ CODET]M9ATION BECAUSE ,G]MAN WORK]S RETA9 MORE ( ! VALUE !Y PRODUCE 9/EAD ( FUNNEL+ IT UPW>DS 9TO ! H&S ( %>EHOLD]S - & ,&]SON MAKES ! SAME OBVI\S PO9T4 7#a#d#b7 ,APP>5TLY ! ,G]MAN #a.0 IS BE+ EXPLOIT$ BY ! #i#i.0 & 0LIB]TY0 MEANS ?AT 9EQUALITY !RE %\LD RISE TO ,U4,S4 LEVELS4 ,SADLY = ,C[AN1 ,GORTON & ,S*MID >E NOT AS /RONG 9 !IR CONCLUSIONS3 0,NONE ( ?IS IS TO SAY :E!R CODET]M9ATION IS SOCIALLY OPTIMAL OR NOT40 7#c#b7 

,OV]ALL1 ,C[AN'S COMM5TS %[ ?AT IT TAKES SUB/ANTIAL $UCATIONAL EF=T TO BECOME SO BL9K]$4 ,( C\RSE HE IS F9E ) WAGE-LABOR - AT LEA/ = O!R PEOPLE1 HE BE+ A T5UR$ ECONOMICS PR(ESSOR AT ,GEORGE ,MASON ,UNIV]SITY4 ,AS ,&]SON NOTES 7#a#c#d71 BE+ NE> ! TOP ( ! WAGE-LABOR HI]>*Y1 OBVI\SLY HE W\LD BE HAPPY ) IT & %E WRITES A WOND]FUL RESPONSE TO HIS PLATITUDES :I* IS WELL WOR? READ+ = ITS FOCUS$ ANG] & DE/RUCTIVE P[]4 ,AN EXAMPLE3 

0,HE WORRIES ?AT WE CAN'T HAVE NICE ?+S IF WORK]S DON'T SUBMIT TO ! DICTATORIAL P[] ( !IR EMPLOY]S4 ,?IS IS ! SAME >GUM5T ,BRITI% ,WE/ ,9DIES SUG> GR[]S MADE 9 ,P>LIAM5T 9 DEF5SE ( SLAV]Y1 DUR+ ! DEBATES OV] ABOLITION40 7#a#d#b7 

,KOLODNY'S COMM5TS >E ( NOTE PURELY BECAUSE HE GETS ,&]SON TO ADMIT TO NOT 5DORS+ FULL WORKPLACE DEMOCRACY1 A DECISION BAS$ ON 0PRAGMATISM0 & BECAUSE !RE 0>E 5\< DISANALOGIES BETWE5 /ATE & WORKPLACE GOV]NANCES40 7#a#c7 

,SO 9 SPITE ( H] DETAIL$ & WELL REF]5C$ ACC\NT ( WORKPLACE TYRANNY1 %E FAILS TO ADVOCATE ITS ABOLITION & :ILE TALK+ ( 0REPUBLICAN FRE$OM0 7#f#d7 %E BALKS AT 7TO USE ,PR\DHON'S WORDS7 09DU/RIAL ASSOCIATIONS1 SMALL WORK] REPUBLICS0 - & = NO GOOD REASON BEYOND ! RA!R VAGUE COMM5T ?AT 0SOME ( ITS CO/S MAY BE DIFFICULT TO SURM\NT0 7#f#f7 & A CRYPTIC REF]5CE4 ,FEW W\LD SO EASILY DISMISS A MOVE FROM 7POLITICAL7 DICTATOR%IP TO DEMOCRACY BY NOT+ IT 0IS *ALL5G+0 & ?OSE 9VOLV$ MAY 0HAVE A H>D TIME AGREE+06 7#a#c#a7 

,:ILE IT IS RI<T TO SAY ?AT %E CANNOT PROPOSE :AT ! WORKPLACE CON/ITUTION \<T TO BE 7#a#c#c7 = ?AT IS UP TO WORK]S TO DET]M9E H[ TO MANAGE !IR AFFAIRS1 WE CAN \TL9E PR9CIPLES = A SOLUTION4 ,YET H] SUGGE/IONS >E WOEFULLY WEAK4 ,AFT] *RONICL+ H[ WAGE-LABOR IS PRIVATE TYRANNY1 %E DISMISSES ! OBVI\S SOLUTION ( WORK]S CONTROL 9 FAVOR ( CO-DET]M9ATION ON ! ,G]MAN MODEL4 ,?IS IS AB\T AS CONV9C+ AS A CRITIC ( SLAV]Y OR MON>*Y PROCLAIM+ ! SOLUTION CANNOT 9VOLVE 5D+ !M BUT SOMEH[ TEMP]+ !M ) =UMS = DISCUSSION4 ,9DE$1 ?OSE :O OPPOS$ !SE PURELY ON ! 0PRAGMATIC0 POSITION ?AT IT WAS NOT ECONOMICALLY EFFICI5T OR H>D TO ABOLI% W\LD BE CONSID]$ ALMO/ AS BAD AS ! >I/OCRATS & SLAVE DRIV]S 7:O C\LD1 AT LEA/1 CALL UPON GOD TO JU/IFY !IR POSITION74 

,ANO!R OPTION MOOT$ IS SOME?+ LIKE A COMPANY UNION1 DISMISS+ 9DEP5D5T UNIONS BECAUSE !Y >E 0ADV]S>IAL0 & SO MISSES H] [N PO9T4 7#g7 ,ANY UNION ACTIVI/ WILL TELL Y\ ?AT BE+ 0ADV]S>IAL0 IS ESS5TIAL2 O!RWISE ! UNION BECOMES ANO!R EXT5SION ( MANAGEM5T'S P[] &1 AS %E PROVES1 !RE IS A LOT TO BE 0ADV]S>IAL0 AB\T6 ,SIMIL>LY1 :ILE SUGGE/+ ?AT FIRMS 0VIGOR\SLY RESI/ UNIONIZATION TO AVOID A COMPETITIVE DISADVANTAGE ) NON-UNIONIZ$ FIRMS10 7#g7 P]HAPS A MORE REALI/IC ANALYSIS W\LD BE ?AT BOSSES LIKE TO BE DICTATORS & LIKE TO APPROPRIATE AS MU* AS !Y CAN FROM !IR EMPLOYES' LABOR8 ,AFT] ALL1 ! DECL9E ( UNIONS S9CE #aih HAS BE5 M>K$ BY PRODUCTIVITY & WAGES SEP>AT+1 ) ! LATT] /AGNAT+ AS ! =M] GR[S 7SO DISPROV+ ! PLATITUDES ( FREE M>KET ECONOMI/S :O HAD SUGGE/$ 9 ! #a#i#eS & #a#i#fS - & EV5 TODAY6 - ?AT UNIONS W]E NOT REQUIR$ TO SECURE DEC5T WAGES74 

,NE$LESS TO SAY1 %E DOES NOT ADDRESS ! ISSUE ( RE=M OR REVOLUTION - A TOPIC :I* PROVOK$ SOME DEBATE AMONG ! LIB]T>IANS :O LONG AGO NOTIC$ ! PROBLEM %E RAISES4 ,%E PROCLAIMS ?AT WORK] [N]%IP 0IS F> \T ( REA* = MO/ FIRMS1 GIV5 ! SIZE ( CAPITAL 9VE/M5T NE$$40 7#a#c#a7 ,?IS IS TRUE BUT ?IS OPTION IS H>DLY ! ONLY AVAILABLE - !RE IS ALSO EXPROPRIATION 7DIRECT ACTION7 & NATIONALIZATION 7POLITICAL ACTION7 - & SO A BIT LIKE SUGGE/+ ?AT ! ONLY WAY TO 5D SLAV]Y WAS = ! SLAVES TO BUY !MSELVES BACK FROM !IR MA/]S4 

,SIMIL>LY1 !RE IS NO DISCUSSION ( SOCIALIZATION & 9/EAD WE GET 09DEP5D5T CONTRACTORS ACT+ )\T EXT]NAL SUP]VISION1 :O R5T !IR CAPITAL0 PO/ULAT$ - & RI<TLY REJECT$ - AS AN ALT]NATIVE4 7#e#a7 ,/RANGELY1 %E PROCLAIMS ?IS UNIV]SAL SELF-EMPLOYM5T AS 0AM\NT.<+.> TO AN>*Y AS ! PRIM>Y =M ( WORKPLACE ORD]0 BE=E DISMISS+ ?IS BECAUSE ORGANIZATION IS NE$$ = 0L>GE-SCALE PRODUCTION0 RA!R ?AN 0M>KET RELATIONS )9 ! FIRM40 7#f#d7 ,H]E >E LACK ( RESE>* BECOMES 7AGA97 OBVI\S AS NO AN>*I/ ?9K] HAS EV] SUGGE/$ SU* A SOLUTION TO ! SOCIAL QUE/ION4 ,9DE$1 AN>*I/S HAVE BE5 AW>E ?AN COLLECTIVISM 0DECISIVELY0 DEFEAT$ 9DIVIDUALISM 9 PRODUCTION 7#f#e7 S9CE #ahd & ADVOCAT$ WORK]S ASSOCIATIONS AS A RESULT4 

,A SIMIL> BL9DNESS CAN BE SE5 FROM ,&]SON'S 7CORRECT7 COMM5T ?AT MANY ( ! E>LIE/ RADICALS & SOCIALI/S W]E 0>TISANS :O OP]AT$ !IR [N 5T]PRISES0 BUT ?AT DOES NOT MEAN 0!Y W]E SIMULTANE\SLY CAPITALI/S & WORK]S40 7#b#e7 ,FAIL+ TO RECOGNIZE CAPITAL IS A SOCIAL RELATION%IP1 %E FAILS TO SEE ?AT ?IS DESCRIPTION ( MEAN+LESS3 IT IS LIKE SAY+ 9 #ahfe ?AT ALL ,AM]ICAN WORK]S W]E N[ SIMULTANE\SLY MA/]S & SLAVES4 

,ULTIMATELY1 IT IS H] APP>5T UNAW>5ESS ( ! AU?ORIT>IAN ROOTS ( LIB]ALISM :I* MAKES H] COMM5TS AGA9/ ! SO-CALL$ 0LIB]T>IANS0 ( ! RI<T ULTIMATELY TOO?LESS4 ,%E MAY BEMOAN ! P]SPECTIVE ?AT 0:]EV] 9DIVIDUALS >E FREE TO EXIT A RELATION%IP0 !N 0AU?ORITY CANNOT EXI/0 7#e#e7 BUT %E CAN ONLY COMPLETELY REJECT IT BY MOV+ BEYOND LIB]ALISM 9TO SOCIALISM 7AS ,MILL DID71 SOME?+ %E REFUSES TO DO ALONG ) REFUS+ TO ADVOCATE WORKPLACE DEMOCRACY 7& ! SOCIALIZATION ?AT REQUIRES74 ,9 %ORT1 :ILE LAM5T+ ! ABUSES ( WAGE-LABOR %E HAS NO PR9CIPL$ OBJECTION TO IT4 

,YET %E UNKN[+LY RE/ATES ,JOSEPH ,DEJACQUE'S REASON+ = CO9+ ! T]M LIB]T>IAN = 0EMPLOY]S HAVE ALWAYS BE5 AU?ORIT>IAN RUL]S1 AS AN EXT5SION ( !IR PATRI>*AL RI<TS TO GOV]N !IR H\SEHOLDS40 7#d#h7 ,LI/+ ! HORRORS ( ! PATRI>*AL M>RIAGE CONTRACT1 7#f#a7 %E DOES NOT SUGGE/ ?AT FEM9I/S W]E WRONG TO CALL = ITS ABOLITION RA!R ?AN BE 0PRAGMATIC0 & POND] 0TRADE(FS0 - :Y IS WAGE-LABOR CONSID]$ DIFF]5T8 ,P]HAPS BECAUSE %E1 LIKE ,C[AN1 IS NOT DIRECTLY AFFECT$ BY IT BUT IS BY PATRI>*Y8 ,IF ,DEJACQUE URG$ ,PR\DHON TO BE CONSI/5T 9 EXT5D+ HIS OPPOSITION TO WORKPLACE HI]>*Y TO ! FAMILY1 CAN WE NOT URGE ,&]SON TO BE CONSI/5T 9 EXT5D+ H] OPPOSITION TO H\SEHOLD HI]>*Y TO ! WORKPLACE8 

,ALSO1 IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT %E EQUATES DECISION MAK+ ) GOV]NM5T1 GOV]NM5T ) HI]>*Y - MU* LIKE ,5GELS1 SO %[+ ! LIB]AL NATURE ( 0,ON ,AU?ORITY40 ,YET AGREE+ DOES NOT EQUATE TO AU?ORIT>IAN1 NO MATT] :AT ,5GELS ASS]T$1 & 0GOV]NANCE0 7H[ DECISIONS >E MADE7 DOES NOT EQUAL 0GOV]NM5T0 7DELEGATION ( P[] 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW74 ,?IS UNCRITICAL P]SPECTIVE ON =MS ( ORGANIZATION IS A SIGNIFICANT LIMITATION1 P>TICUL>LY 9 A WORK 9T]E/$ 9 :AT FRE$OM MEANS & EXT5D+ IT4 ,/ILL1 UNLIKE ,5GELS %E RECOGNIZES ?AT 0.<N.>O PRODUCTION PROCESS IS 9H]5TLY SO CON/RA9$ AS TO ELIM9ATE ALL EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY4 ,ELIM9ATION ( ROOM = AUTONOMY IS ! PRODUCT ( SOCIAL DESIGN1 NOT NATURE40 7#a#b#h7 ,?IS IS A SIGNIFICANT1 IF UNDEVELOP$1 /EP =W>D FROM ,5GELS4 

,ULTIMATELY1 = A BOOK :I*1 AT BOTTOM1 IS AB\T CLASS1 IT IS WOEFULLY LACK+ 9 CLASS CONSCI\SNESS4 ,%E SEEKS TO EXPLA9 \R CURR5T SOCIETAL BL9DNESS TO WORKPLACE DESPOTISM BY SUGGE/+ IT IS A MISAPPLICATION ( PRE-CAPITALI/ M>KET POSITIONS TO PO/-9DU/RIAL REVOLUTION REALITIES4 ,YET IS NO 0MISDEPLOYM5T10 7#f#e7 = IT IS H>DLY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( CAPITALI/S TO ACKN[L$GE ! S\RCE ( !IR P[] & PR(ITS - H5CE A PRE-CAPITALI/ VISION ( ! M>KET BE+ US$ TO DESCRIBE A MU* DIFF]5T1 CAPITALI/1 REALITY W\LD BE 5C\RAG$ BY ?OSE ) AN 9T]E/ 9 OBSCUR+ ! AU?ORIT>IAN & EXPLOITATIVE SOCIAL RELATION%IPS PRODUC$ BY PROP]TY4 ,SO Y\ W\LD EXPECT GIV5 CLASS 9T]E/ ?AT ?IS W\LD NOT BE DISCUSS$ - & SO ! PECULI> CONDITION %E DEPLORES & EXPLORES IS EASILY EXPLA9$4 ,SO IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT - AS %E NOTES - !SE QUE/IONS ROSE ) ORGANIZ$ LABOR & DECL9$ ) IT4 7#d-#a7 

,LIKEWISE1 H] MA9 !SIS - ?AT A PRE-CAPITALI/ P]SPECTIVE IS BE+ GRAFT$ UPON A CAPITALI/ REALITY - IS H>DLY NEW4 ,AS ,M>X NOT$ LONG AGO1 FROM 0,LOCKE TO ,RIC>DO0 ! DEF5D]S ( CAPITALISM 9VOKE 0A MODE ( PRODUCTION ?AT PRESUPPOSES ?AT ! IMM$IATE PRODUC] PRIVATELY [NS HIS [N CONDITIONS ( PRODUCTION0 :ILE 0! RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION !Y DESCRIBE BELONG TO ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( PRODUCTION407,CAPITAL .<,P5GU9 ,BOOKS3 ,LONDON1 #a#i#g#f.> ,I3 #a#h#c7 ,H] ACC\NT ( PRE-9DU/RIAL ,AM]ICA W\LD HAVE B5EFIT$ FROM ,M>X'S WRIT+S ON 0,PRIMITIVE ,ACCUMULATION0 9 ,CAPITAL 7,P>T #h1 ,*APT] #c#c7 & H[1 TO QUOTE ,M>X1 0! ANTI-CAPITALI/ CANC] ( ! COLONIES .<WAS.> HEAL$10 7#i#c#h7 BUT !N %E DOES NOT DRAW UPON ANY SOCIALI/ WRIT]S - LIB]T>IAN OR AU?ORIT>IAN - :O DISCUSS !SE ISSUES4 ,M>X IS QUOT$ ON ! NATURE ( ! WORKPLACE 7#d-#e7 BUT ! E>LI]1 M>KET-BAS$1 P]SPECTIVE ( ,PR\DHON GOES UNM5TION$ - A /RANGE OMISSION GIV5 H] POSITION4 

,ANO!R FLAW 9 H] >GUM5T >ISES ) ! /ATE4 ,%E RI<TLY NOTES ?AT ! ,AM]ICAN /ATE DET]M9ES ! P[] ( ! EMPLOY]1 GIV5 ITS SUPPORT = 0EMPLOYM5T AT WILL0 & ! P[] ?AT GOES ) IT4 7#e#c-#d1 #e#g7 ,YET %E D[NPLAYS ! OBVI\S PO9T ?AT *ANGES 9 ?IS SITUATION W\LD 9VOLVE *ANGES 9 PROP]TY RI<TS - 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! USE-RI<TS & SOCIALIZATION ADVOCAT$ BY ,PR\DHON 9 #a#h#d4 ,YET ?IS DISCUSSION MAKES IT CLE> ?AT %E ?9KS ! /ATE IS SOME NEUTRAL BODY ABOVE CLASSES1 REPRES5T+ ! PEOPLE & SO C\LD BE US$ TO EMP[] ! MANY AT WORK4 ,?IS IGNORES ?AT ! /ATE IS CURR5TLY A CAPITALI/ /ATE & IT WILL NOT PURSUE A TRANS=MATION 9 ! B>GA9+ P[] ( CLASSES JU/ BECAUSE IT W\LD BE FAIR] OR BECAUSE WE ASK NICELY4 ,YES1 ! ,G]MAN CAPITALI/ /ATE HAS DECID$ UPON A DIFF]5T SET ( OPTIONS TO SECURE ! EXPLOITATION ( LABOR BUT ?IS WAS A PRODUCT ( MANY ?+S1 NOT LEA/ A MASS ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC MOVEM5T4 ,CO-DET]M9ATION & /RONG UNIONS W]E =C$ UPON IT FROM \TSIDE4 ,?IS WAS ! CASE 9 ,AM]ICA AS WELL1 ) DIRECT ACTION BE+ ! MEANS BY :I* LABOR ISSUES CAME TO ! =E 9 ! #a#i#cS4 ,SO IF WE DO TAKE PRIVATE GOV]NM5T S]I\SLY 7& ,&]SON %[S :Y WE MU/1 ASSUM+ Y\ NE$ MORE ?AN ! DAILY GR9D ( WAGE SLAV]Y TO CONV9CE Y\7 !N WE MU/ LOOK TO \R FELL[ WORK]S = ITS SOLUTION - !N ! PUBLIC GOV]NM5T WILL BELAT$LY CAT* UP 7ASSUM+ WE >E UNABLE TO GET RID ( BO? ONCE & = ALL74 ,9 O!R WORDS1 CLASS /RUGGLE - SOME?+ ,&]SON DOES NOT DISCUSS AS MU* AS %E %\LD4 

,&]SON1 TO CONCLUDE1 HAS PRODUC$ A WELL-DOCUM5T$ ACC\NT ( SOME?+ LIB]T>IANS HAVE BE5 >GU+ S9CE #ahd - PROPRIETOR DESPOTISM -)\T M5TION+ ?IS TRADITION4 ,LIKE US1 %E RECOGNIZES ?AT SOCIAL RELATIONS MATT]1 ?AT EQUALITY & 9EQUALITY MATT]1 ?AT LIB]TY & EQUALITY >E MUTUALLY SUPPORTIVE RA!R ?AN MUTUALLY EXCLUSIVE4 ,YET1 BY FAIL+ TO DISCUSS AN>*ISM1 %E HAS FAIL$ TO DO ! RESE>* AN ACADEMIC ( H] LEVEL W\LD BE EXPECT$ TO DO4 ,MU* WORSE1 %E FAILS TO EMBRACE ! OBVI\S CONCLUSIONS ( H] EVID5CE AGA9/ WAGE-LABOR 9 FAVOR ( ! K9D ( MEALY-M\!D 0PRAGMATISM0 %E W\LD RI<TLY D5\NCE IF APPLI$ TO *ATTEL-SLAV]Y OR PATRI>*AL M>RIAGE4 ,/ILL1 %E %\LD BE ?ANK$ = ! EVID5CE & >GUM5TS %E PROVIDES IF NOT = H] CONCLUSIONS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a#a1 #bba 3 ,PRIVATE ,GOV]NM5T -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #g1 #bbb 3 ,PRIVATE ,GOV]NM5T -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/