,PR9T+ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS 

,TEXT 3 

      ,PR9T+1 9 ! ONLY S5SE ) :I* WE >E AT PRES5T CONC]N$1 DIFF]S FROM 
      MO/ IF NOT FROM ALL ! >TS & CRAFTS REPRES5T$ 9 ! ,EXHIBITION 9 BE+ 
      COMP>ATIVELY MOD]N4 ,= AL?\< ! ,*9ESE TOOK IMPRESSIONS FROM WOOD BLOCKS 
      5GRAV$ 9 RELIEF = C5TURIES BE=E ! WOOD-CUTT]S ( ! ,NE!RL&S1 BY A 
      SIMIL> PROCESS1 PRODUC$ ! BLOCK BOOKS1 :I* W]E ! IMM$IATE PR$ECESSORS ( 
      ! TRUE PR9T$ BOOK1 ! 9V5TION ( MOVABLE METAL LETT]S 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! 
      FIFTE5? C5TURY MAY JU/LY BE CONSID]$ AS ! 9V5TION ( ! >T ( PR9T+4 
      ,& IT IS WOR? M5TION 9 PASS+ ?AT1 AS AN EXAMPLE ( F9E TYPOGRAPHY1 ! 
      E>LIE/ BOOK PR9T$ ) MOVABLE TYPES1 ! ,GUT5B]G1 OR 0=TY-TWO L9E ,BIBLE0 
      ( AB\T #a#d#e#e1 HAS NEV] BE5 SURPASS$4 
     
     

      ,PR9T+1 !N1 = \R PURPOSE1 MAY BE CONSID]$ AS ! >T ( MAK+ BOOKS BY 
      MEANS ( MOVABLE TYPES4 ,N[1 AS ALL BOOKS NOT PRIM>ILY 9T5D$ AS PICTURE-BOOKS 
      CONSI/ PR9CIPALLY ( TYPES COMPOS$ TO =M LETT]PRESS1 IT IS ( ! FIR/ 
      IMPORTANCE ?AT ! LETT] US$ %\LD BE F9E 9 =M2 ESPECIALLY AS NO MORE TIME 
      IS OCCUPI$1 OR CO/ 9CURR$1 9 CA/+1 SETT+1 OR PR9T+ BEAUTIFUL LETT]S 
      ?AN 9 ! SAME OP]ATIONS ) UGLY ONES4 ,& IT WAS A MATT] ( C\RSE ?AT 9 
      ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 :5 ! CRAFTSM5 TOOK C>E ?AT BEAUTIFUL =M %\LD ALWAYS BE 
      A P>T ( !IR PRODUCTIONS :ATEV] !Y W]E1 ! =MS ( PR9T$ LETT]S %\LD 
      BE BEAUTIFUL1 & ?AT !IR >RANGEM5T ON ! PAGE %\LD BE REASONABLE & A 
      HELP TO ! %APEL9ESS ( ! LETT]S !MSELVES4 ,! ,MIDDLE ,AGES BR\<T 
      CALLIGRAPHY TO P]FECTION1 & IT WAS NATURAL !RE=E ?AT ! =MS ( PR9T$ 
      LETT]S %\LD FOLL[ MORE OR LESS CLOSELY ?OSE ( ! WRITT5 *>ACT]1 & !Y 
      FOLL[$ !M V]Y CLOSELY4 ,! FIR/ BOOKS W]E PR9T$ 9 BLACK LETT]1  
      I4E4 ! LETT] :I* WAS A ,GO?IC DEVELOPM5T ( ! ANCI5T ,ROMAN *>ACT]1 
      & :I* DEVELOP$ MORE COMPLETELY & SATISFACTORILY ON ! SIDE ( ! 
      0L[]-CASE0 ?AN ! CAPITAL LETT]S2 ! 0L[]-CASE0 BE+ 9 FACT 9V5T$ 9 
      ! E>LY ,MIDDLE ,AGES4 ,! E>LIE/ BOOK PR9T$ ) MOVABLE TYPE1 ! 
      A=ESAID ,GUT5B]G ,BIBLE1 IS PR9T$ 9 LETT]S :I* >E AN EXACT IMITATION ( 
      ! MORE =MAL ECCLESIA/ICAL WRIT+ :I* OBTA9$ AT ?AT TIME2 ?IS HAS S9CE 
      BE5 CALL$ 0MISSAL TYPE10 & WAS 9 FACT ! K9D ( LETT] US$ 9 ! MANY 
      SPL5DID MISSALS1 PSALT]S1 ETC41 PRODUC$ BY PR9T+ 9 ! FIFTE5? C5TURY4 
      ,BUT ! FIR/ ,BIBLE ACTUALLY DAT$ 7:I* ALSO WAS PR9T$ AT ,MA9TZ BY ,PET] 
      ,S*OEFF] 9 ! YE> #a#d#f#b7 IMITATES A MU* FRE] H&1 SIMPL]1 R\ND]1 & LESS 
      SPIKY1 & !RE=E F> PLEASANT] & EASI] TO READ4 ,ON ! :OLE ! 
      TYPE ( ?IS BOOK MAY BE CONSID]$ ! NE-PLUS-ULTRA ( ,GO?IC TYPE1 
      ESPECIALLY AS REG>DS ! L[]-CASE LETT]S2 & TYPE V]Y SIMIL> WAS US$ DUR+ 
      ! NEXT FIFTE5 OR TW5TY YE>S NOT ONLY BY ,S*OEFF]1 BUT BY PR9T]S 9 
      ,/RASBURG1 ,BASLE1 ,P>IS1 ,LUBECK1 & O!R CITIES4 ,BUT ?\< ON ! :OLE1 EXCEPT 
      9 ,ITALY1 ,GO?IC LETT] WAS MO/ (T5 US$1 A V]Y FEW YE>S SAW ! BIR? ( 
      ,ROMAN *>ACT] NOT ONLY 9 ,ITALY1 BUT 9 ,G]MANY & ,FRANCE4 ,9 #adfe ,SWEYNHEIM & 
      ,PANN>TZ BEGAN PR9T+ 9 ! MONA/]Y ( ,SUBIACO NE> ,ROME1 & US$ AN 
      EXCE$+LY BEAUTIFUL TYPE1 :I* IS 9DE$ TO LOOK AT A TRANSITION BETWE5 ,GO?IC 
      & ,ROMAN1 BUT :I* MU/ C]TA9LY HAVE COME FROM ! /UDY ( ! TWELF? OR EV5 
      ! ELEV5? C5TURY ,M,S,S4 ,!Y PR9T$ V]Y FEW BOOKS 9 ?IS TYPE1 ?REE ONLY2 BUT 
      9 !IR V]Y FIR/ BOOKS 9 ,ROME1 BEG9N+ ) ! YE> #a#d#f#h1 !Y DISC>D$ 
      ?IS = A MORE COMPLETELY ,ROMAN & F> LESS BEAUTIFUL LETT]4 ,BUT AB\T ! SAME 
      YE> ,M5TEL9 AT ,/RASBURG BEGAN TO PR9T 9 A TYPE :I* IS DI/9CTLY ,ROMAN2 & 
      ! NEXT YE> ,GUN!R ,ZE9] AT ,AUGSBURG FOLL[$ SUIT2 :ILE 9 #adg AT ,P>IS 
      ,UDALRIC ,G]+ & HIS ASSOCIATES TURN$ \T ! FIR/ BOOKS PR9T$ 9 ,FRANCE1 
      ALSO 9 ,ROMAN *>ACT]4 ,! ,ROMAN TYPE ( ALL !SE PR9T]S IS SIMIL> 9 
      *>ACT]1 & IS V]Y SIMPLE & LEGIBLE1 & UNAFFECT$LYDESIGN$ =  
      USE2 BUT IT IS BY NO MEANS )\T BEAUTY4 ,IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT IT IS 9 NO 
      WAY LIKE ! TRANSITION TYPE ( ,SUBIACO1 & ?\< MORE ,ROMAN ?AN ?AT1 YET 
      SC>CELY MORE LIKE ! COMPLETE ,ROMAN TYPE ( ! E>LIE/ PR9T]S ( ,ROME4 
     
     

      ,A FUR!R DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,ROMAN LETT] TOOK PLACE AT ,V5ICE4 ,JOHN ( ,SPI]S & 
      HIS BRO!R ,V9DEL91 FOLL[$ BY ,NI*OLAS ,J5SON1 BEGAN TO PR9T 9 ?AT CITY1 
      #a#d#f#i1 #a#d#g2 !IR TYPE IS ON ! L9ES ( ! ,G]MAN & ,FR5* RA!R ?AN ( ! 
      ,ROMAN PR9T]S4 ,( ,J5SON IT MU/ BE SAID ?AT HE C>RI$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,ROMAN 
      TYPE AS F> AS IT CAN GO3 HIS LETT] IS ADMIRABLY CLE> & REGUL>1 BUT AT LEA/ 
      AS BEAUTIFUL AS ANY O!R ,ROMAN TYPE4 ,AFT] HIS DEA? 9 ! 0F\RTE5 EI<TIES10 
      OR AT LEA/ BY #a#d#i1 PR9T+ 9 ,V5ICE HAD DECL9$ V]Y MU*2 & ?\< ! 
      FAM\S FAMILY ( ,ALDUS RE/OR$ ITS TE*NICAL EXCELL5CE1 REJECT+ BATT]$ 
      LETT]S1 & PAY+ GREAT ATT5TION TO ! 0PRESS WORK0 OR ACTUAL PROCESS (  
      PR9T+1 YET !IR TYPE IS >TI/ICALLY ON A MU* L[] LEVEL ?AN ,J5SON'S1 
      & 9 FACT !Y MU/ BE CONSID]$ TO HAVE 5D$ ! AGE ( F9E PR9T+ 9 
      ,ITALY4 
     
     

      ,J5SON1 H[EV]1 HAD MANY CONTEMPOR>IES :O US$ BEAUTIFUL TYPE1 SOME ( :I* - 
      AS1 E4G41 ?AT ( ,JACOBUS ,RUBEUS OR ,JACQUES LE ,R\GE - IS SC>CELY 
      DI/+UI%ABLE FROM HIS4 ,IT WAS !SE GREAT ,V5ETIAN PR9T]S1 TOGE!R ) !IR 
      BRE?R5 ( ,ROME1 ,MILAN1 ,P>MA1 & ONE OR TWO O!R CITIES1 :O PRODUC$ ! 
      SPL5DID $ITIONS ( ! ,CLASSICS1 :I* >E ONE ( ! GREAT GLORIES ( ! 
      PR9T]'S >T1 & >E WOR?Y REPRES5TATIVES ( ! EAG] 5?USIASM = ! 
      REVIV$ LE>N+ ( ?AT EPO*4 ,BY F> ! GREAT] P>T ( !SE ,ITALIAN 
      PR9T]S1 IT %\LD BE M5TION$1 W]E ,G]MANS OR ,FR5*M51 WORK+ UND] ! 
      9FLU5CE ( ,ITALIAN OP9ION & AIMS4 
     
     

      ,IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD ?AT ?R\< ! :OLE ( ! FIFTE5? & ! FIR/ QU>T] 
      ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURIES ! ,ROMAN LETT] WAS US$ SIDE BY SIDE ) ! ,GO?IC4 
      ,EV5 9 ,ITALY MO/ ( ! !OLOGICAL & LAW BOOKS W]E PR9T$ 9 ,GO?IC LETT]1 
      :I* WAS G5]ALLY MORE =MALLY ,GO?IC ?AN ! PR9T+ ( ! ,G]MAN WORKM51 
      MANY ( :OSE TYPES1 9DE$1 LIKE ?AT ( ! ,SUBIACO WORKS1 >E ( A TRANSITIONAL 
      *>ACT]4 ,?IS WAS NOTABLY ! CASE ) ! E>LY WORKS PR9T$ AT ,ULM1 & 9 A 
      SOME:AT LESS] DEGREE AT ,AUGSBURG4 ,9 FACT ,GUN!R ,ZE9]'S FIR/ TYPE 7AFT]W>DS 
      US$ BY ,S*USSL]7 IS REM>KABLY LIKE ! TYPE ( ! BE=E-M5TION$ ,SUBIACO 
      BOOKS4 
     
     

      ,9 ! ,L[ ,C\NTRIES & ,COLOGNE1 :I* W]E V]Y F]TILE ( PR9T$ BOOKS1 ,GO?IC 
      WAS ! FAVORITE4 ,! *>ACT]I/IC ,DUT* TYPE1 AS REPRES5T$ BY ! EXCELL5T 
      PR9T] ,G]>D ,LEEW1 IS V]Y PRON\NC$ & UNCOMPROMIS+ ,GO?IC4 ,?IS TYPE WAS 
      9TRODUC$ 9TO ,5GL& BY ,WYNKYN DE ,WORDE1 ,CAXTON'S SUCCESSOR1 & WAS US$ !RE 
      ) V]Y LITTLE V>IATION ALL ?R\< ! SIXTE5? & SEV5TE5? C5TURIES1 & 
      9DE$ 9TO ! EI<TE5?4 ,MO/ ( ,CAXTON'S [N TYPES >E ( AN E>LI] *>ACT]1 
      ?\< !Y ALSO MU* RESEMBLE ,FLEMI% OR ,COLOGNE LETT]4 ,AFT] ! 5D ( ! 
      FIFTE5? C5TURY ! DEGRADATION ( PR9T+1 ESPECIALLY 9 ,G]MANY & ,ITALY1 
      W5T ON APACE2 & BY ! 5D ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY !RE WAS NO REALLY 
      BEAUTIFUL PR9T+ DONE3 ! BE/1 MO/LY ,FR5* OR ,L[-,C\NTRY1 WAS NEAT & 
      CLE>1 BUT )\T ANY DI/9CTION2 ! WOR/1 :I* P]HAPS WAS ! 
      ,5GLI%1 WAS A T]RIBLE FALL+-(F FROM ! WORK ( ! E>LI] PRESSES2 & 
      ?+S GOT WORSE & WORSE ?R\< ! :OLE ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY1 SO ?AT 9 
      ! EI<TE5? PR9T+ WAS V]Y MIS]ABLY P]=M$4 ,9 ,5GL& AB\T ?IS TIME1 
      AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE 7NOTABLY BY ,CASLON1 :O />T$ BUS9ESS 9 ,LONDON AS A 
      TYPE-F\ND] 9 #a#g#b7 TO IMPROVE ! LETT] 9 =M4 ,CASLON'S TYPE IS CLE> & 
      NEAT1 & FAIRLY WELL DESIGN$2 HE SEEMS TO HAVE TAK5 ! LETT] ( ! ,ELZEVIRS 
      ( ! SEV5TE5? C5TURY = HIS MODEL3 TYPE CA/ FROM HIS MATRICES IS /ILL9 
      EV]YDAY USE4 
     
     

      ,9 SPITE1 H[EV]1 ( HIS PRAISEWOR?Y EF=TS1 PR9T+ HAD /ILL ONE LA/ 
      DEGRADATION TO UND]GO4 ,! SEV5TE5? C5TURY F\NTS W]E BAD RA!R NEGATIVELY 
      ?AN POSITIVELY4 ,BUT = ! BEAUTY ( ! E>LI] WORK !Y MI<T HAVE SEEM$ 
      TOL]ABLE4 ,IT WAS RES]V$ = ! F\ND]S ( ! LAT] EI<TE5? C5TURY TO 
      PRODUCE LETT]S :I* >E POSITIVELY UGLY1 & :I*1 IT MAY BE ADD$1 >E 
      DAZZL+ & UNPLEASANT TO ! EYE [+ TO ! CLUMSY ?ICK5+ & VULG> 
      ?9N+ ( ! L9ES3 = ! SEV5TE5?-C5TURY LETT]S >E AT LEA/ PURE & 
      SIMPLE 9 L9E4 ,! ,ITALIAN1 ,BODONI1 & ! ,FR5*MAN1 ,DIDOT1 W]E ! LEAD]S 9 
      ?IS LUCKLESS *ANGE1 ?\< \R [N ,BASK]VILLE1 :O WAS AT WORK SOME YE>S BE=E 
      !M1 W5T MU* ON ! SAME L9ES2 BUT HIS LETT]S1 ?\< UN9T]E/+ & POOR1 
      >E NOT NE>LY SO GROSS & VULG> AS ?OSE ( EI!R ! ,ITALIAN OR ! ,FR5*MAN4 
     
     

      ,) ?IS *ANGE ! >T ( PR9T+ T\*$ BOTTOM1 SO F> AS F9E PR9T+ IS 
      CONC]N$1 ?\< PAP] DID NOT GET TO ITS WOR/ TILL AB\T #a#h#d4 ,! ,*ISWICK 
      PRESS 9 #ahdd REVIV$ ,CASLON'S F\NTS1 PR9T+ = ,MESSRS4 ,LONGMAN ! ,DI>Y ( 
      ,LADY ,WILL\<BY4 ,?IS EXP]IM5T WAS SO F> SUCCESSFUL ?AT AB\T #ahe ,MESSRS4 
      ,MILL] & ,RI*>D ( ,$9BUR< W]E 9DUC$ TO CUT PUN*ES = A S]IES ( 0OLD 
      /YLE0 LETT]S4 ,!SE & SIMIL> F\NTS1 CA/ BY ! ABOVE FIRM & O!RS1 HAVE 
      N[ COME 9TO G5]AL USE & >E OBVI\SLY A GREAT IMPROVEM5T ON ! ORD9>Y 
      0MOD]N /YLE0 9 USE 9 ,5GL&1 :I* IS 9 FACT ! ,BODONI TYPE A LITTLE R$UC$ 
      9 UGL9ESS4 ,! DESIGN ( ! LETT]S ( ?IS MOD]N 0OLD /YLE0 LEAVES A GOOD 
      DEAL TO BE DESIR$1 & ! :OLE EFFECT IS A LITTLE TOO GRAY1 [+ TO ! 
      ?9NESS ( ! LETT]S4 ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$1 H[EV]1 ?AT MO/ MOD]N PR9T+ 
      IS DONE BY MA*9]Y ON S(T PAP]1 & NOT BY ! H& PRESS1 & !SE SOME:AT 
      WIRY LETT]S >E SUITABLE = ! MA*9E PROCESS1 :I* W\LD NOT DO JU/ICE TO 
      LETT]S ( MORE G5]\S DESIGN4 
     
     

      ,IT IS DISC\RAG+ TO NOTE ?AT ! IMPROVEM5T ( ! LA/ FIFTY YE>S IS ALMO/ 
      :OLLY CONF9$ TO ,GREAT ,BRITA94 ,H]E & !RE A BOOK IS PR9T$ 9 ,FRANCE OR 
      ,G]MANY ) SOME PRET5SION TO GOOD TA/E1 BUT ! G5]AL REVIVAL ( ! OLD 
      =MS HAS MADE NO WAY 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES4 ,ITALY IS CONT5T$LY /AGNANT4 ,AM]ICA 
      HAS PRODUC$ A GOOD MANY %[Y BOOKS1 ! TYPOGRAPHY1 PAP]1 & ILLU/RATIONS ( 
      :I* >E1 H[EV]1 ALL WRONG1 ODDITY RA!R ?AN RATIONAL BEAUTY & MEAN+ BE+ 
      APP>5TLY ! ?+ S\<T = BO? 9 ! LETT]S & ! ILLU/RATIONS4 
     
     

      ,TO SAY A FEW WORDS ON ! PR9CIPLES ( DESIGN 9 TYPOGRAPHY3 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT 
      LEGIBILITY IS ! FIR/ ?+ TO BE AIM$ AT 9 ! =MS ( ! LETT]S2 ?IS IS 
      BE/ FUR!R$ BY ! AVOIDANCE ( IRRATIONAL SWELL+S & SPIKY PROJECTIONS1 & 
      BY ! US+ ( C>EFUL PURITY ( L9E4 ,EV5 ! ,CASLON TYPE :5 5L>G$ %[S 
      GREAT %ORTCOM+S 9 ?IS RESPECT3 ! 5DS ( MANY ( ! LETT]S SU* AS ! T 
      & E >E HOOK$ UP 9 A VULG> & MEAN+LESS WAY1 9/EAD ( 5D+ 9 ! %>P 
      & CLE> /ROKE ( ,J5SON'S LETT]S2 !RE IS A GROSSNESS 9 ! UPP] F9I%+S 
      ( LETT]S LIKE ! C1 ! A1 & SO ON1 AN UGLY PE>-%AP$ SWELL+ DEFAC+ ! 
      FROM ( ! LETT]3 9 %ORT1 IT HAPP5S TO ?IS CRAFT1 AS TO O!RS1 ?AT ! 
      UTILIT>IAN PRACTICE1 ?\< IT PR(ESSES TO AVOID ORNAM5T1 /ILL CL+S TO A 
      FOOLI%1 BECAUSE MISUND]/OOD CONV5TIONALITY1 D$UC$ FROM :AT WAS ONCE 
      ORNAM5T1 & IS BY NO MEANS USEFUL2 :I* TITLE CAN ONLY BE CLAIM$ BY 
      >TI/IC PRACTICE1 :E!R ! >T 9 IT BE CONSCI\S OR UNCONSCI\S4 
     
     

      ,9 NO *>ACT]S IS ! CONTRA/ BETWE5 ! UGLY & VULG> ILLEGIBILITY ( ! 
      MOD]N TYPE& ! ELEGANCE & LEGIBILITY ( ! ANCI5T MORE /RIK+ ?AN 9 ! 
      ,>ABIC NUM]ALS4 ,9 ! OLD PR9T EA* FIGURE HAS ITS DEF9ITE 9DIVIDUALITY1 & 
      ONE CANNOT BE MI/AK5 = ! O!R2 9 READ+ ! MOD]N FIGURES ! EYES MU/ 
      BE /RA9$ BE=E ! READ] CAN HAVE ANY REASONABLE ASSURANCE ?AT HE HAS A #e1 AN 
      #h1 OR A #c BE=E HIM1 UNLESS ! PRESS WORK IS ( ! BE/3 ?IS IS AWKW>D IF Y\ 
      HAVE TO READ ,BRAD%AW'S ,GUIDE 9 A HURRY4 
     
     

      ,ONE ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! F9E TYPE & ! UTILIT>IAN MU/ PROBABLY BE 
      PUT D[N TO A MISAPPREH5SION ( A COMM]CIAL NECESSITY3 ?IS IS ! N>R[+ ( 
      ! MOD]N LETT]S4 ,MO/ ( ,J5SON'S LETT]S >E DESIGN$ )9 A SQU>E1 ! 
      MOD]N LETT]S >E N>R[$ BY A ?IRD OR !REAB\T2 BUT :ILE ?IS GA9 ( SPACE 
      V]Y MU* HAMP]S ! POSSIBILITY ( BEAUTY ( DESIGN1 IT IS NOT A REAL GA91 = 
      ! MOD]N PR9T] ?R[S ! GA9 AWAY BY PUTT+ 9ORD9ATELY WIDE SPACES BETWE5 
      HIS L9ES1 :I*1 PROBABLY1 ! LAT]AL COMPRESSION ( HIS LETT]S R5D]S 
      NECESS>Y4 ,COMM]CIALISM AGA9 COMPELS ! USE ( TYPE TOO SMALL 9 SIZE TO BE 
      COM=TABLE READ+3 ! SIZE KN[N AS 0,LONG PRIM]0 \<T TO BE ! SMALLE/ SIZE 
      US$ 9 A BOOK MEANT TO BE READ4 ,H]E1 AGA91 IF ! PRACTICE ( 0LEAD+0 W]E 
      RETR5*$ L>G] TYPE C\LD BE US$ )\T 5HANC+ ! PRICE ( A BOOK4 
     
     

      ,ONE V]Y IMPORTANT MATT] 9 0SETT+ UP0 = F9E PR9T+ IS ! 0SPAC+10 ?AT 
      IS1 ! LAT]AL DI/ANCE ( WORDS FROM ONE ANO!R4 ,9 GOOD PR9T+ ! SPACES 
      BETWE5 ! WORDS %\LD BE AS NE> AS POSSIBLE EQUAL 7IT IS IMPOSSIBLE ?AT !Y 
      %\LD BE QUITE EQUAL EXCEPT 9 L9ES ( POETRY72 MOD]N PR9T]S UND]/& ?IS1 
      BUT IT IS ONLY PRACTIC$ 9 ! V]Y BE/ E/ABLI%M5TS4 ,BUT ANO!R PO9T :I* 
      !Y %\LD ATT5D TO !Y ALMO/ ALWAYS DISREG>D2 ?IS IS ! T5D5CY TO ! 
      =MATION ( UGLY ME&]+ :ITE L9ES OR 0RIV]S0 9 ! PAGE1 A BLEMI% :I* 
      CAN BE NE>LY1 ?\< NOT :OLLY1 AVOID$ BY C>E & =E?\<T1 ! DESIRABLE 
      ?+ BE+ 0! BREAK+ ( ! L9E0 AS 9 BOND+ MASONRY OR BRICKWORK1 ?US3 
      .<EXAMPLE TO BE 9S]T$ LAT].> 4 ,! G5]AL SOLIDITY ( 
      A PAGE IS MU* TO BE S\<T =3 MOD]N PR9T]S G5]ALLY OV]DO ! 0:ITES0 9 
      ! SPAC+1 A DEFECT PROBABLY =C$ ON !M BY ! *>ACT]LESS QUALITY ( ! 
      LETT]S4 ,= :]E !SE >E BOLDLY & C>EFULLY DESIGN$1 & EA* LETT] IS 
      ?OR\<LY 9DIVIDUAL 9 =M1 ! WORDS MAY BE SET MU* CLOS] TOGE!R1 )\T 
      LOSS ( CLE>NESS4 ,NO DEF9ITE RULES1 H[EV]1 EXCEPT ! AVOIDANCE ( 0RIV]S0 & 
      EXCESS ( :ITE1 CAN BE GIV5 = ! SPAC+1 :I* REQUIRES ! CON/ANT EX]CISE 
      ( JUDGM5T & TA/E ON ! P>T ( ! PR9T]4 
     
     

      ,! POSITION ( ! PAGE ON ! PAP] %\LD BE CONSID]$ IF ! BOOK IS TO HAVE A 
      SATISFACTORY LOOK4 ,H]E ONCE MORE ! ALMO/ 9V>IABLE MOD]N PRACTICE IS 9 
      OPPOSITION TO A NATURAL S5SE ( PROPORTION4 ,FROM ! TIME :5 BOOKS FIR/ TOOK 
      !IR PRES5T %APE TILL ! 5D ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY1 OR 9DE$ LAT]1 ! 
      PAGE SO LAY ON ! PAP]1 ?AT !RE WAS MORE SPACE ALL[$ TO ! BOTTOM & =E 
      M>G9 ?AN TO ! TOP & BACK ( ! PAP]1 ?US3 .<EXAMPLE TO BE 9S]T$ 
      LAT].> ! UNIT ( ! BOOK BE+ LOOK$ ON AS ! TWO PAGES =M+ AN 
      OP5+4 ,! MOD]N PR9T]1 9 ! TEE? ( ! EVID5CE GIV5 BY HIS [N EYES1 
      CONSID]S ! S+LE PAGE AS ! UNIT1 & PR9TS ! PAGE 9 ! MIDDLE ( HIS 
      PAP] - ONLY NOM9ALLY SO1 H[EV]1 9 MANY CASES1 S9CE :5 HE USES A HEADL9E HE 
      C\NTS ?AT 91 ! RESULT AS MEASUR$ BY ! EYE BE+ ?AT ! L[] M>G9 IS 
      LESS ?AN ! TOP ONE1 & ?AT ! :OLE OP5+ HAS AN UPSIDE-D[N LOOK 
      V]TICALLY1 & ?AT LAT]ALLY ! PAGE LOOKS AS IF IT W]E BE+ DRIV5 (F ! 
      PAP]4 
     
     

      ,! PAP] ON :I* ! PR9T+ IS TO BE DONE IS A NECESS>Y P>T ( \R SUBJECT3 
      ( ?IS IT MAY BE SAID ?AT ?\< !RE IS SOME GOOD PAP] MADE N[1 IT IS NEV] 
      US$ EXCEPT = V]Y EXP5SIVE BOOKS1 AL?\< IT W\LD NOT MAT]IALLY 9CREASE ! 
      CO/ 9 ALL BUT ! V]Y*EAPE/4 ,! PAP] ?AT IS US$ = ORD9>Y BOOKS IS 
      EXCE$+LY BAD EV5 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 BUT IT IS BEAT5 9 ! RACE = VIL5ESS BY 
      ?AT MADE 9 ,AM]ICA1 :I* IS ! WOR/ CONCEIVABLE4 ,!RE SEEMS TO BE NO REASON 
      :Y ORD9>Y PAP] %\LD NOT BE BETT] MADE1 EV5 ALL[+ ! NECESSITY = A 
      V]Y L[ PRICE2 BUT ANY IMPROVEM5T MU/ BE BAS$ ON %[+ OP5LY ?AT ! *EAP 
      >TICLE IS *EAP1 E4G4 ! *EAP PAP] %\LD NOT SACRIFICE 
      T\<NESS & DURABILITY TO A SMOO? & :ITE SURFACE1 :I* %\LD BE 9DICATIONS 
      ( A DELICACY ( MAT]IAL & MANUFACTURE :I* W\LD ( NECESSITY 9CREASE ITS 
      CO/4 ,ONE FRUITFUL S\RCE ( BADNESS 9 PAP] IS ! HABIT ?AT PUBLI%]S HAVE ( 
      EK+ \T A ?9 VOLUME BY PR9T+ IT ON ?ICK PAP] ALMO/ ( ! SUB/ANCE ( 
      C>DBO>D1 A DEVICE :I* DECEIVES NOBODY1 & MAKES A BOOK V]Y UNPLEASANT TO 
      READ4 ,ON ! :OLE1 A SMALL BOOK %\LD BE PR9T$ ON PAP] :I* IS AS ?9 AS MAY 
      BE )\T BE+ TRANSP>5T4 ,! PAP] US$ = PR9T+ ! SMALL HI<LY 
      ORNAM5T$ ,FR5* S]VICE-BOOKS AB\T ! BEG9N+ ( ! SIXTE5? C5TURY IS A 
      MODEL 9 ?IS RESPECT1 BE+ ?91 T\<1 & OPAQUE4 ,H[EV]1 ! FACT MU/ NOT BE 
      BL9K$ ?AT MA*9E-MADE PAP] CANNOT 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S BE MADE ( SO GOOD A 
      TEXTURE AS ?AT MADE BY H&4 
     
     

      ,! ORNAM5TATION ( PR9T$ BOOKS IS TOO WIDE A SUBJECT TO BE DEALT ) FULLY 
      H]E2 BUT ONE ?+ MU/ BE SAID ( IT4 ,! ESS5TIAL PO9T TO BE REMEMB]$ IS 
      ?AT ! ORNAM5T1 :ATEV] IT IS1 :E!R PICTURE OR PATT]N-WORK1 %\LD =M 
      P>T ( ! PAGE1 %\LD BE A P>T ( ! :OLE S*EME ( ! BOOK4 ,SIMPLE 
      AS ?IS PROPOSITION IS1 IT IS NECESS>Y TO BE /AT$1 BECAUSE ! MOD]N PRACTICE 
      IS TO DISREG>D ! RELATION BETWE5 ! PR9T+ & ! ORNAM5T ALTOGE!R1 SO 
      ?AT IF ! TWO >E HELPFUL TO ONE ANO!R IT IS A M]E MATT] ( ACCID5T4 ,! DUE 
      RELATION ( LETT] TO PICTURES & O!R ORNAM5T WAS ?OR\<LY UND]/OOD BY ! 
      OLD PR9T]S2 SO ?AT EV5 :5 ! WOODCUTS >E V]Y RUDE 9DE$1 ! PROPORTIONS 
      ( ! PAGE /ILL GIVE PLEASURE BY ! S5SE ( RI*NESS ?AT ! CUTS & LETT] 
      TOGE!R CONVEY4 ,:51 AS IS MO/ (T5 ! CASE1 !RE IS ACTUAL BEAUTY 9 ! 
      CUTS1 ! BOOKS SO ORNAM5T$ >E AMONG ! MO/ DELI<TFUL WORKS ( >T ?AT 
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