,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ANTON ,PANNEKOEK 

,TEXT 3 

,PUBLI%$3 ,LEFT1 NO4 #a#e#f4 ,MAY #a#i#e4 ,PAGES #f-#a#a4 
,TRANSCRIPTION_/,M>KUP3 ,MICAH ,MU]1 #b#a#g4 

,I4 

,! ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,/ ,P,>,T,I,E,S GIVE ! NAME ,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY TO !IR DICTATORIAL 
GOV]NM5TS 9 ,RUSSIA & ITS SATELLITE /ATES 9 ,EA/]N ,EUROPE4 ,:AT DOES ?AT 
WORD MEAN8 ,GRAMMATICALLY IT IS A PLEONASM 7AN OV]DOSE ( NAMES74 ,DEMOCRACY1 
LIT]ALLY TRANSLAT$1 MEANS PEOPLE'S RULE1 & WAS ALWAYS ?US UND]/OOD2 H5CE 
PEOPLE'S DEMOCRACY MEANS PEOPLE'S PEOPLE'S RULE1 OR DEMODEMOCRACY4 ,IT MI<T SEEM 
?AT1 S9CE NOBODY 9 ! WORLD BELIEVES ?AT A DICTATOR%IP MAY BE CALL$ 
DEMOCRACY1 ! IMPOS$ MISNOM] IS ACC5TUAT$ BY REPETITION SO ?AT IT MAY BE 
MORE EASILY SWALL[$4 ,JU/ AS 9 MA!MATICS D\BL+ ( ! NEGATIVE SIGN 
PRODUCES A POSITIVE VALUE1 ! AU?ORS ( ?IS NAME PROBABLY SUPPOS$ ?AT ! 
D\BL+ ( A LIE MAKES IT A TRU?4 ,SO IT FITS H>MONI\SLY 9TO ! BUN* ( 
UNTRU?S ?AT CON/ITUTE DOCTR9E & PROPAG&A ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 

,MISNOM]S 

,A LIE IS ! NAME :I* COMMUNISM1 9 ALL =M] TIMES ! EXPRESSION = A 
CONDITION ( FRE$OM & EQUALITY ( ! MASSES1 N[ USES = A MO/ TYRANNICAL 
LACK ( FRE$OM4 ,HI/ORICALLY IT IS UND]/&ABLE1 BECAUSE ! LEAD]S ( ! 
,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION W]E ORIG9ALLY MEMB]S ( ! REVOLUTION>Y W+ ( 
SOCIALISM1 :I* 9 ! FIR/ WORLD W>1 TO DISSOCIATE ITSELF FROM ! 
W>-SUPPORT+ SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 ASSUM$ ! OLD1 TIME-HONOR$ NAME ( 
COMMUNI/S4 ,ACTUALLY IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY TRIES TO W9 
! WORK+ MASSES BY MEANS ( A NAME EXPRESS+ !IR HI<E/ IDEALS2 & IT IS 
EQUALLY UND]/&ABLE ?AT ALL ! REACTION>Y & CAPITALI/ =CES GLADLY 
ADOPT$ & FOLL[$ ?IS USE1 BECAUSE 9 ?IS WAY ALL ! ATROCITIES REPORT$ 
AB\T ,EA/]N DICTATOR%IPS N[ CAN BE LAID AT ! DOOR ( ! WORK+-CLASS 
REVOLUTION>Y FI<T4 ,A LIE ALSO IS ! NAME ,SOVIET1 BECAUSE ! SOVIETS ( ! 
,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 ACTUALLY SELF-RUL+ WORK]S' C\NCILS ) POLITICAL P[]1 
HAVE S9CE BE5 R$UC$ TO IMPOT5T SUBORD9ATE ORGANS ( ! ,/ATE4 ,DECEPTIVE 
IS ! NAME ,M>XISM1 AS US$ = A SY/EM ( ?\<T -- ,L59ISM -- 
?AT 9 ESS5TIAL PO9TS IS ! V]Y OPPOSITE ( ,M>X'S TEA*+S FROM :I* IT 
PROCE$$ SOME:AT 9 ! SAME WAY AS M$IEVAL ,CA?OLIC S*OLA/ICISM PROCE$$ 
FROM E>LY ,*RI/IANITY4 ,BUT AGA9 ?IS MISNOM] WAS GLADLY ADOPT$ BY ALL 
REACTION>IES1 BY ! ,*UR*ES & ! ,POPE1 BECAUSE N[ ALL ! EVILS 
?REAT5+ MANK9D CAN BE IMPUT$ TO ,M>XIAN MAT]IALISM4 ,SO DEMOCRACY MAY WELL 
BE ADD$ TO ! LI/ ( MISNOM]S1 ?\< H]E ! FALLACY IS SO APP>5T ?AT 
IT HAS TO BE HIDD5 BEH9D A REPEAT$ ASS]TION4 

,WE CANNOT1 H[EV]1 BE CONT5T ) PO9T+ \T ! FALSITY 9 ! 
T]M9OLOGY & ! PROPAG&A ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,:5 SU* IDEAS HAVE A 
WIDE 9FLU5CE1 :5 !Y >E BELIEV$ & DEF5D$ BY ABLE SPOKESM5 & L>GE 
BODIES ( ADH]5TS1 !RE IS B\ND TO BE SOME LOGIC1 SOME S5SE1 A C]TA9 
TRU? 9 !M2 & WE HAVE TO F9D \T :AT ?IS IS4 

,I,I4 

,AN 9DICATION MAY BE F\ND 9 :AT A ,WE/]N VISITOR REPORT$ 9 COMP>+ 
,EA/]N & ,WE/]N IDEAS2 9 \R ,WE/]N C\NTRIES DEMOCRACY MEANS ?AT 
EV]YONE MAY ?9K1 SPEAK & WRITE :AT HE WI%ES1 9 ! ,EA/ IT MEANS ?AT 
EV]YONE HAS 5\< TO EAT4 ,! =M] MAY BE IMPORTANT TO 9TELLECTUAL CLASSES1 
! LATT] IS MORE IMPORTANT OR ! MASSES ( ! PEASANTS & WORK]S4 ,WE WILL 
NOT 5T] H]E UPON ! QUE/ION :E!R 9 ! ,RUSSIA ( TO-DAY ALL ( !M 
HAVE REALLY 5\< TO EAT & :E!R 9 ?AT CASE ! PRICE PAID = IT 9 ! 
=M ( DESPOTIC RULE BY SECRET POLICE IS NOT TOO HI<4 ,NOR WILL WE ASK :E!R 
A POLITICAL SY/EM 9 :I* AN OMNIPOT5T IDEAL K+ -- AS SOMETIMES OCCURS 
9 *ILDR5'S FABLE BOOKS -- TAKES C>E ?AT ALL HIS SUBJECTS HAVE 5\< 
TO EAT1 = ?AT REASON MI<T BE CALL$ A DEMOCRACY4 ,:AT IS RELEVANT 9 ! 
COMP>ISON IS ! 9DICATION ?AT :AT HAPP5$ & HAPP5S 9 ! ,EA/]N WORLD 
MU/ BE SE5 9 ! FIR/ PLACE AS A REVOLUTION AGA9/ HUNG]4 

,EA/]N ,CONDITIONS 

,DUR+ MANY PA/ C5TURIES ! LIFE ( ! ,EA/]N MASSES WAS A LIFE ( 
5DLESS MIS]Y1 OPPRESS$ AS !Y W]E UND] ! HEAVY EXPLOITATION BY BIG 
L&[N]%IP4 ,?IS FEUDAL SY/EM ( EXPLOITATION WAS 9CREAS$ & WORS5$ 
:5 ,WE/]N CAPITALISM ADD$ ITS EXPLOITATION4 ,IT IS WELL KN[N H[ 9 ! LA/ 
P>T ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY ,RUSSIA WAS AFFLICT$ BY CONT9U\S SEV]E 
FAM9ES1 ( SU* 9T5SITY ?AT ! PEASANTS HAD TO CONTRACT ! HABIT ( A 
W9T] SLEEP1 AS ANIMALS DO1 :]E ALL BODILY ACTIVITY IS SUSP5D$4 ,FROM ,9DIA 
IT WAS REPORT$ ?AT OV] L>GE >EAS ! PEASANTS DUR+ !IR 5TIRE LIFE 
NEV] KNEW SATIATION BY EXP]I5CE4 ,9 ,*9A ! />V+ PEASANTS1 SOMETIMES 
=C$ TO SELL !IR FIELDS = ONE MEAL1 OV] & OV] AGA9 BROKE 9TO REVOLT 
AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT+ L&[N]S1 USUR]S1 & (FICIALS4 ,WE/]N CAPITALI/ 
PROSP]ITY WAS BAS$ P>TLY ON ! POV]TY ( ! ,EA/4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION WAS ! FIR/ ,EA/]N REVOLUTION AGA9/ ! RULE ( 
BIG L&[N]%IP1 9 :I* WAS EMBODI$ FEUDAL EXPLOITATION COMB9$ ) 
EXPLOITATION BY =EIGN ,WE/]N CAPITAL4 ,IT HAD AS ITS TASK TO DO AWAY ) 
HUNG]1 IGNORANCE1 & BACKW>DNESS ( ! MASSES1 ) ! /AGNANT L[ 
PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR4 ,:AT ! REVOLUTION ECONOMICALLY HAD TO P]=M WAS TO 
FREE ! PEASANT MASSES FROM ! EXPLOIT+ FEUDAL MA/]S1 & TO RAISE ! 
PRODUCTIVITY ( LABOR BY 9DU/RIALIZATION ON A L>GE SCALE & SCI5TIFIC 
ME?ODS 9 AGRICULTURE & 9DU/RY4 ,S9CE !RE WAS NO NUM]\S WEAL?Y MIDDLE 
CLASS TO UND]TAKE ?IS TASK1 IT FELL TO ! /ATE-(FICIALS 79 MANY 9/ANCES 
=M]LY LEAD]S ( ! REVOLUTION7 :I* =M$ ! NEW RUL+ CLASS4 

,?IS !N IS ! *>ACT] ( ! GREAT SOCIAL REVOLUTION TAK+ PLACE 9 ! 
,EA/]N C\NTRIES3 ! ABOLITION ( FEUDALISM BY ! ANNIHILATION ( BIG 
L&[N]%IP1 & ! 9TRODUCTION ( 9DU/RIAL & TE*NICAL PROGRESS4 ,AGA9 
WE DO NOT 5T] H]E 9TO ! QUE/ION ( H[ F> !SE AIMS W]E REALIZ$ & 
H[ IT C\LD HAPP5 ?AT TYRANNY CAME ( IT AS A RESULT4 ,LIB]ATION FROM 
OBSOLETE EXPLOITATION DOES NOT MEAN COMPLETE FRE$OM1 BUT1 AS WAS ALSO ! CASE 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ! SUB/ITUTION ( MOD]N =MS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,:AT WE 
HAVE TO REALIZE IS ?AT IT MEANS PROGRESS1 A /EP 9 ! PROCE$+ EVOLUTION ( 
SOCIETY4 ,ITS IMM$IATE 9N] /R5G? IS ?AT N[ = ! FIR/ TIME ! 
PEASANTS C\LD EAT !IR FILL2 ITS LA/+ /R5G? IS ?AT 9DU/RIALIZATION 
HAS />T$4 

,EA/]N ,REVOLUTIONS 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HAS RI<TLY BE5 COMP>$ TO ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 A 
C5TURY E>LI] 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,:AT ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 & 9 ITS WAKE 
FUR!R REVOLUTIONS ON ! ,EUROPEAN CONT95T BR\<T AB\T1 ! ANNIHILATION ( 
FEUDALISM1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 & 9 ITS WAKE FUR!R ,EA/]N REVOLUTIONS1 
>E N[ CONT9U+ & COMPLET+4 ,BUT 9 A SOME:AT DIFF]5T WAY4 ,9 BO? 
CASES ! FALL ( ! FEUDAL SY/EM1 9 :I* AGRICULTURE WAS DOM9ANT1 MEANT 
! RISE ( 9DU/RY4 ,! DIFF]5CE IS ?AT 9 ,EUROPE 9DU/RY />T$ AS SMALL 
BUS9ESS1 BAS$ ON SIMPLE TE*NIQUE1 9 ! H&S ( A NUM]\S CLASS ( 
9DEP5D5T BUS9ESS M51 :O WANT$ FRE$OM 9 EV]Y REALM4 ,N[1 A C5TURY 
LAT]1 9DU/RY CAN BE 9TRODUC$ AS BIG 9DU/RY ONLY1 BAS$ ON 
HI<LY-DEVELOP$ TE*NIQUE1 MO/LY BEYOND ! P[]S ( S+LE1 PRIVATE 
CAPITALI/S2 SO H]E ! ,/ATE ) ITS P[]FUL MEANS HAS TO /EP 94 ,IF WE 
CONSID] ?AT AT ! SAME TIME ,WE/]N CAPITALISM = ! SOME REASON 9TRODUCES 
MANY TRAITS ( ,/ATE MANAGEM5T & DICTATOR%IP1 IT IS UND]/&ABLE ?AT 9 
! ,EA/1 :]E ! TRADITION ( E>LI] =MS ( POLITICAL FRE$OM IS LACK+1 
! NEW C\RSE ( 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T TAKES PLACE AS UNRE/RICT$ 
/ATE-CAPITALISM & /ATE DESPOTISM4 

,9 ,RUSSIA ?IS TR5D TOOK ITS MO/ DIRECT & RADICAL =M4 ,A GLANCE AT ! 
MAP %[S ,RUSSIA TO HE A P>T ( ! GREAT ,ASIAN PLA9S1 ( :I* ,EUROPE ITSELF 
IS AN APP5DIX ONLY4 ,ALSO 9 ?IS MORE IMPORTANT RESPECT ?AT ,RUSSIA 9 ITS 
ECONOMIC & SOCIAL /RUCTURE WAS ALWAYS A P>T ( ,ASIA1 AN IMM5SE PEASANT 
POPULATION LIV+ 9 A P>TLY COMMUNI/IC SELF-SUPPORT+ VILLAGE ORGANIZATION1 
UND] A F>-DI/ANT AUTOCRATIC MON>*4 ,BY ITS IMM$IATE CONTACT ) ,EUROPE IT 
WAS ! FIR/ AMONG ! ,ASIATIC DESPOTISMS TO BE C>RI$ AWAY ON ! ROAD ( 
REVOLUTION & ?US TO BECOME ! PATT]N & ! CONSCI\S LEAD] 9 ! 
REVOLUTIONS ( ! ,EA/]N WORLD4 ,*9A (F]S ! LA/ & BIGGE/ SPECIM52 
H]E1 IT IS TRUE1 !RE WAS AN IMPORTANT WEAL?Y MIDDLE-CLASS ( M]*ANTS & 
9DU/RIALI/S3 BUT BECAUSE !Y W]E ! GREAT L&[N]S !MSELVES !Y C\LD 
NOT JO9 ! REBELLI\S PEASANTS & HAD TO BE DEFEAT$ BY ! 0COMMUNI/0 
PEASANT >MIES4 ,IT MU/ BE ADD$ ?AT 9 ,9DIA & ,9DONESIA :]E !RE WAS NO 
REVOLUTION ( ! PEOPLE'S MASSES BUT ONLY AN UPP]-CLASS REVOLUTION ! FEUDAL 
*IEFS HAVE KEPT !IR POSITION AS P>T ( ! NEW GOV]N+ CLASS4 

,I,I,I4 

,9 ! ,EUROPEAN REVOLUTIONS AGA9/ FEUDALISM ?AT 9AUGURAT$ ! RISE ( 
CAPITALISM ! PEOPLE'S MASS /OOD OV] AGA9/ ! PRIVILEG$ L&HOLD+ 
CLASSES3 NOBILITY1 CL]GY1 & PR9CES4 ,?\< ! MASS ITSELF CONSI/$ ( 
DIFF]5T CLASSES3 A M9ORITY ( WAGE-WORK]S1 A M9ORITY ( CAPITALI/S1 A 
MAJORITY ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE 7>TISANS1 F>M]S1 & BUS9ESS M571 ?IS 
DIFF]5CE WAS REPRESS$ BECAUSE UNITY WAS ESS5TIAL = ! COMMON FI<T4 
,:]EV] ! FI<T AGA9/ ! RULE ( L&[N]%IP IS NECESS>Y1 IT TAKES 
CONSCI\SNESS AS A FI<T ( ! 5TIRE PEOPLE AGA9/ PRIVILEGE4 ,SO ITS ADEQUATE 
POLITICAL EXPRESSION IS DEMOCRACY1 PEOPLE'S RULE4 ,?\< 9 ! N9ETE5? 
C5TURY EQUALITY ( RI<TS & UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE W]E ONLY GRADUALLY WON 
?R\< /R5U\S /RUGGLES1 DEMOCRACY REMA9$ ! P[]FUL SLOGAN US$ 9 ! 
POLITICAL FI<T1 AS ! EXPRESSION ( ! PEOPLE'S COMMON FI<T ( LIB]ATION 
AGA9/ 0REACTION10 ! =M 9 :I* ! DEFEAT$ FOE TRI$ TO P]SI/4 

,PROLET>IAN ,/RUGGLES 9 ! ,WE/ 

,N[ ) CAPITALISM 9 P[]1 DEVELOPM5T 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE 9 ! N9ETE5? 
C5TURY TOOK A NEW C\RSE1 ) A NEW GOAL4 ,MO/ IMPORTANT N[ WAS ! RIS+ 
FI<T ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,IT F\ND ITS CLE> 
!ORETICAL EXPRESSION 9 ! !ORY & DOCTR9E ( ,M>X4 ,:AT =M]LY 
APPE>$ AN UNDIVID$ PEOPLE N[ PRES5TS ITSELF AS AN ASSEMBLY ( DIFF]5T & 
W>R+ CLASSES1 DI/+UI%$ BY !IR DIFF]5T ROLE 9 ! PROCESS ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,! B\RGEOISIE IS MA/] ( ! PRODUCTION APP>ATUS1 ! 
FACTORIES1 ! MA*9ES2 ! WORK]S =M ! EXPLOIT$ CLASS1 & BETWE5 !M 
! PETTY-BUR<] CLASS IS DECL9+ 9TO DEP5D5CE & 9SIGNIFICANCE4 ,?IS IS 
! IMPORTANT PROGRESS 9 PRACTICE & 9 VISION2 ! SOCIAL CLASSES COME TO ! 
FRONT & ! PRESUM$ UNITY ( ! PEOPLE IS AN ILLUSION4 ,IT WAS ! GREAT TASK 
( SOCIALI/ PROPAG&A1 GUID$ BY ,M>XIAN !ORY1 TO MAKE ! WORK]S 
CLASS-CONSCI\S1 TO %[ !M ! REALITIES ( !IR [N LIFE1 TO %[ !M ?AT 
!Y W]E A SEP>ATE CLASS1 WAGE-E>N]S EXPLOIT$ BY CAPITAL4 ,SOCIALISM HAD TO 
PUT UP BE=E !M ! IMAGE ( A NEW SOCIAL ORD] :]E !Y !MSELVES W\LD 
BE MA/]S ( ! PRODUCTION APP>ATUS1 & ALL EXPLOITATION W\LD 5D4 ,?US ! 
WORK]S' CONCEPT ( CLASS /&S OV] AGA9/ ! MIDDLE-CLASS CONCEPT ( 
PEOPLE4 ,! SLOGAN ( PEOPLE'S UNITY WAS N[ DELIB]ATELY PUT =W>D BY RUL+ 
CAPITALISM AGA9/ ! SOCIALI/ SLOGAN ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,:]EAS 9 ! 
N9ETE5? C5TURY DEMOCRACY 9 ! S5SE ( RI<TS & FRE$OM C\LD S]VE ! 
WORK]S' FI<T WELL1 DEMOCRACY 9 ! LIT]AL S5SE ( PEOPLE'S RULE1 9H]IT$ 
FROM ! COMMON FI<T AGA9/ FEUDALISM1 HAD TO S]VE AS AN IMP$IM5T TO ! 
PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 

,! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 BECAUSE ! WORK]S' /RIKE ACTIONS HAD BE5 ITS MO/ 
ACTIVE =CE1 FIR/ TOOK OV] A NUMB] ( ,SOCIALI/ T]MS1 ?\< IT HAD TO GIVE 
!M NEW MEAN+S4 ,9 ADOPT+ N[ ! NAME ( ,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY1 IT F9DS ITS 
WAY T[>DS A TRUE EXPRESSION ( ITS DEEP] *>ACT]4 ,BY ?IS LOGICALLY 
SOME:AT CURI\S NAME ! ,EA/]N WORLD EMPHASIZES1 P]HAPS UNWITT+LY1 ?AT 
ITS REVOLUTIONS >E REVOLUTIONS AGA9/ FEUDALISM1 NOT AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 ,H5CE 
!Y HE> ! SOME FUNDAM5TAL *>ACT] AS ! =M] MIDDLE-CLASS REVOLUTIONS 
9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE4 ,& BY ?IS NAME1 MOREOV]1 ! NEW ,EA/]N RUL]S 7JU/ AS 
DID ! ,WE/]N POLITICIANS7 TRY TO DET] !IR EXPLOIT$ SUBJECTS FROM ANY IDEA 
( CLASS & CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,I,V4 

,DOCTR9E & PROPAG&A ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY >E FUNDAM5TALLY WRONG 
BECAUSE !Y ASSUME & PRET5D ?AT ! GOAL ( ! ,WE/]N WORK+-CLASS1 
LIB]ATION FROM CAPITALISM1 IS :AT HAS BE5 ATTA9$ 9 ,RUSSIA & ! ,EA/4 
,:AT HAS BE5 ATTA9$ !RE IS LIB]ATION FROM FEUDALISM1 :I* WAS A*IEV$ 9 
! ,WE/ ALREADY1 MORE OR LESS COMPLETELY1 9 ! MIDDLE-CLASS REVOLUTIONS4 ,:AT 
9 ! ,WE/ /&S AS ! DIRECT GOAL1 VISIBLY BE=E ! WORK]S -- 
MA/]Y OV] ! PRODUCTION APP>ATUS -- ! REAL G5U9E COMMUNISM -- 
= ! ,EA/]N WORK+-CLASS LOOMS F> AHEAD H>DLY VISIBLE 9 ! D>KNESS ( 
!IR SLAV]Y4 ,:AT GIVES SUPPORT TO ?IS ]ROR IS ! FACT ?AT ! ,EA/]N 
REVOLUTION RI<T AWAY1 BY MEANS ( /ATE-DICTATOR%IP1 HAD TO 9TRODUCE PLANN$ 
9DU/RIALISM1 T[>D :I* ,WE/]N PRIVATE CAPITALISM ALSO IS DRIFT+1 & 
:I* H]E SOMETIMES IS CALL$ SOCIALISM4 ,TO ! SUP]FICIAL VIEW ?IS MAY GIVE 
! APPE>ANCE ?AT ,RUSSIA %[S ! ,WE/]N WORK]S !IR FUTURE4 ,IT MI<T1 IF 
!Y %\LD REMA9 PASSIVE & %\LD NOT FI<T = !IR [N LIB]ATION4 ,BUT IF 
!Y TAKE UP ! FI<T !RE WILL BE ANO!R FUTURE H]E4 

,IF WE %ALL BE ABLE SUCCESSFULLY TO OPPOSE ! PROPAG&A ( ! ,COMMUNI/ 
,P>TY :]E BY OPPOS+ & ABUS+ ITS COMPETITOR1 ,WE/]N CAPITALISM1 IT TRIES 
TO LURE ! WORK+-CLASS 9TO FIRM] SLAV]Y1 WE MU/ FIR/ CLE>LY RECOGNIZE 
! GREAT HI/ORICAL PROGRESS ?AT IS EMBODI$ 9 ! ,RUSSIAN & ! O!R 
,EA/]N REVOLUTIONS4 ,!Y FRE$ ! PEOPLES FROM FEUDAL EXPLOITATION1 GAVE !M 
5\< TO EAT1 & MADE !M 5T] ! ]A ( 9DU/RIALISM -- A PROCESS 
?AT 9 ! ,WE/1 9 DIFF]5T /AGES1 LIES F> BEH9D US4 ,IT BR\<T A NEW =M 
( EXPLOITATION1 YOND] AS WELL AS H]E1 BY ! MA/]S ( ! PRODUCTION 
APP>ATUS1 H]E ! PRIVATE CAPITALI/S1 !RE ! ,/ATE (FICIALS4 ,H]E & 
!RE ! WORK]S HAVE ! SAME DESIRE1 ! SAME GOAL1 TO ?R[ (F ! YOKE ( 
CAPITALISM & TAKE PRODUCTION 9 !IR [N H&S2 BUT 9 ! ,EA/ IT WILL BE 
IMM5SELY MORE DIFFICULT1 BECAUSE !RE !Y >E MORE /RONGLY FETT]$1 )\T 
! RI<TS & LIB]TIES ( ! ,WE/4 ,TILL]S ( ! SOIL1 :5 JU/ RIS5 FROM 
S]FDOM1 NEI!R WANT NOT APPRECIATE ?OSE SPIRITUAL LIB]TIES :I* 
9TELLECTUALS CONSID] ! MO/ VALUABLE ASSET ( MAN2 :AT !Y WANT IS TO 
PRODUCE FOOD 9 PL5TY1 )\T BE+ TOO MU* HAMP]$ OR ROBB$ BY GOV]NM5T4 
,= ! MOD]N WORK+-CLASS1 H[EV]1 9 A HI<LY-DEVELOP$ CAPITALISM1 !SE 
SPIRITUAL LIB]TIES1 FREE SPEE*1 FREE DISCUSSION1 FREE ORGANIZATION >E ! 
BREA? ( LIFE1 ! 9DISP5SABLE CONDITIONS ( !IR FI<T = FRE$OM4 ,= ! 
WORK]S UND] ,WE/]N CAPITALISM ! CONCEPT ( DEMOCRACY EMBODIES !SE 
LIB]TIES3 9 ! ,EA/]N C\NTRIES !Y HAVE ONLY :AT1 ?\< D\BLY-REPEAT$1 
= ! WORK]S IS BUT AN EMPTY NAME4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #a1 #bba 3 ,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,PEOPLE'S ,DEMOCRACY -- ,UPDAT$4 

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