,P>T #f3 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #ac 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,FLICKR ,US] _?#g#d#b1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,! TRIAL WAS OV]1 BUT ,I REMA9$ = ANO!R C\PLE ( MON?S 9 ! ,LYONS PRISON4 ,MO/ ( MY COMRADES HAD LODG$ AN APPEAL AGA9/ ! DECISION ( ! POLICE C\RT1 & WE HAD TO WAIT = ITS RESULTS4 ,) F\R MORE COMRADES1 ,I REFUS$ TO TAKE ANY P>T 9 ?AT APPEAL TO A HI<] C\RT1 & CONT9U$ TO WORK 9 MY PI/OLE4 ,A GREAT FRI5D ( M9E-,M>T91 A CLO?I] FROM ,VI5NE-TOOK ANO!R PI/OLE BY ! SIDE ( ! ONE :I* ,I OCCUPI$1 & AS WE W]E ALREADY CONDEMN$1 WE W]E ALL[$ TO TAKE \R WALKS TOGE!R2 & :5 WE HAD SOME?+ TO SAY TO EA* O!R BETWE5 ! WALKS1 WE US$ TO CORRESPOND BY MEANS ( TAPS ON ! WALL1 JU/ AS 9 ,RUSSIA4 

,DUR+ MY SOJ\RN AT ,LYONS ,I BEGAN TO REALIZE ! AWFULLY DEMORALIZ+ 9FLU5CE ( ! PRISONS UPON ! PRISON]S1 :I* BR\<T ME LAT] TO CONDEMN UNCONDITIONALLY ! :OLE 9/ITUTION4 

,! ,LYONS PRISON IS A 0MOD]N0 /RUCTURE1 BUILT 9 ! %APE ( A />1 ON ! CELLUL> SY/EM4 ,! SPACES BETWE5 ! RAYS ( ! /> >E OCCUPI$ BY SMALL ASPHALT PAV$ Y>DS1 &1 WEA!R P]MITT+1 ! 9MATES >E TAK5 TO !SE Y>DS TO WORK \TDOORS4 ,! *IEF OCCUPATION IS ! BEAT+ \T ( SILK COCOONS TO OBTA9 FLOSS SILK4 ,FLOCKS ( *ILDR5 >E ALSO TAK5 AT C]TA9 H\RS TO !SE Y>DS4 ,?91 5]VAT$1 UND]F$1 -- ! %AD[S ( *ILDR51 -- (T5 WAT*$ !M FROM MY W9D[4 ,ANAEMIA WAS PLA9LY WRITT5 ON ALL ! LITTLE FACES & MANIFE/ 9 !IR ?91 %IV]+ BODIES2 & ALL DAY LONG-NOT ONLY 9 ! DORMITORIES1 BUT EV5 9 ! Y>DS1 9 ! FULL LI<T ( ! SUN-!Y PURSU$ !IR DEBILITAT+ PRACTICES4 ,:AT WILL BECOME ( !M AFT] !Y HAVE PASS$ ?R\< ?AT S*OOL+ & COME \T ) !IR HEAL? RU9$1 !IR WILLS ANNIHILAT$1 !IR 5]GY R$UC$8 ,ANAEMIA1 ) ITS DIM9I%$ 5]GY1 ITS UNWILL+NESS TO WORK1 ITS 5FEEBL$ WILL1 WEAK5$ 9TELLECT1 & P]V]T$ IMAG9ATION1 IS RESPONSIBLE = CRIME TO AN 9F9ITELY GREAT] EXT5T ?AN PLE?ORA1 & IT IS PRECISELY ?IS 5EMY ( ! HUMAN RACE :I* IS BR$ 9 PRISON4 ,& !N-! TEA*+S :I* !SE *ILDR5 RECEIVE 9 !IR SURR\ND+S6 ,M]E ISOLATION1 EV5 IF IT W]E RIGOR\SLY C>RI$ \T-& IT CANNOT BE-W\LD BE ( LITTLE AVAIL2 ! :OLE ATMOSPH]E ( EV]Y PRISON IS AN ATMOSPH]E ( GLORIFICATION ( ?AT SORT ( GAMBL+ 9 0CLEV] /ROKES0 :I* CON/ITUTES ! V]Y ESS5CE ( !FT1 SW9DL+1 & ALL SORTS ( SIMIL> ANTI-SOCIAL DE$S4 ,:OLE G5]ATIONS ( FUTURE CRIM9ALS >E BR$ 9 !SE NURS]IES1 :I* ! /ATE SUPPORTS & :I* SOCIETY TOL]ATES1 SIMPLY BECAUSE IT DOES NOT WANT TO HE> ITS [N DISEASES SPOK5 ( & DISSECT$4 0,IMPRISON$ 9 *ILDHOOD1 JAIL BIRD = LIFE10 IS :AT ,I HE>D AFT]W>DS FROM ALL ?OSE :O W]E 9T]E/$ 9 CRIM9AL MATT]S4 ,& :5 ,I SAW !SE *ILDR51 & REALIZ$ :AT !Y HAVE TO EXPECT 9 ! FUTURE1 ,I C\LD NOT BUT CONT9UALLY ASK MYSELF40 ,:I* ( !M IS ! WORSE CRIM9AL8-?IS *ILD OR ! JUDGE :O CONDEMNS EV]Y YE> HUNDR$S ( *ILDR5 TO ?IS FATE80 ,I GLADLY ADMIT ?AT ! CRIME ( ! JUDGE IS UNCONSCI\S4 ,BUT >E ALL ! CRIMES = :I* PEOPLE >E S5T TO PRISON AS CONSCI\S AS !Y >E SUPPOS$ TO BE8 

,!RE WAS ANO!R PO9T :I* ,I VIVIDLY REALIZ$ FROM ! V]Y FIR/ WEEKS ( MY IMPRISONM5T1 BUT :I* 9 SOME 9CONCEIVABLE WAY HAS ESCAP$ ! ATT5TION ( BO? ! JUDGES & ! WRIT]S ON CRIM9AL LAW2 NAMELY1 ?AT IMPRISONM5T IS 9 AN IMM5SE NUMB] ( CASES A PUNI%M5T :I* BE>S F> MORE SEV]ELY UPON QUITE 9NOC5T PEOPLE ?AN UPON ! CONDEMN$ PRISON] HIMSELF4 

,NE>LY EV]Y ONE ( MY COMRADES1 :O REPRES5T$ A FAIR AV]AGE ( ! WORK+ POPULATION1 HAD EI!R WIFE & *ILDR5 TO SUPPORT1 OR A SI/] OR OLD MO!R :O DEP5D$ = H] LIV+ UPON HIS E>N+S4 ,N[ BE+ LEFT )\T SUPPORT1 ALL ( !SE WOM5 DID !IR BE/ TO GET WORK1 & SOME ( !M GOT IT2 BUT NONE ( !M SUCCE$$ 9 E>N+ REGUL>LY EV5 AS MU* AS ?IRTY C5TS 7#a FR4 #e,O C47 A DAY4 ,N9E FRANCS 7LESS ?AN TWO DOLL>S7 & (T5 ONLY A DOLL> & A HALF A WEEK TO SUPPORT !MSELVES & !IR *ILDR51-!SE W]E !IR E>N+S4 ,& ?AT MEANT1 ( C\RSE1 UND]FE$+1 PRIVATIONS ( ALL SORTS1 & DET]IORATION ( HEAL?1 WEAK5$ 9TELLECT1 IMPAIR$ 5]GY & WILL P[]4 ,I ?US REALIZ$ ?AT :AT WAS GO+ ON 9 \R LAW C\RTS WAS 9 REALITY A CONDEMNATION ( QUITE 9NOC5T PEOPLE TO ALL SORTS ( H>D%IP2 9 MO/ CASES EV5 WORSE ?AN ?OSE TO :I* ! CONDEMN$ MAN HIMSELF IS SUBJECT$4 ,! FICTION IS ?AT ! LAW PUNI%ES ! MAN BY 9FLICT+ UPON HIM A V>IETY ( DEGRAD+ PHYSICAL & M5TAL H>D%IPS4 ,BUT MAN IS SO MADE ?AT :ATEV] H>D%IPS MAY BE IMPOS$ UPON HIM1 HE GRADUALLY GR[S ACCU/OM$ TO !M4 ,IF HE CANNOT MODIFY !M1 HE ACCEPTS !M1 & AFT] A C]TA9 TIME HE PUTS ,UP ) !M1 JU/ AS HE PUTS UP ) A *RONIC DISEASE1 & GR[S 9S5SIBLE TO !M4 ,BUT DUR+ HIS IMPRISONM5T :AT BECOMES ( HIS WIFE & *ILDR51 OR ( ! O!R 9NOC5T PEOPLE :O DEP5D$ UPON HIS SUPPORT8 ,!Y >E PUNI%$ EV5 MORE CRUELLY ?AN HE HIMSELF IS4 ,&1 9 \R R\T9E HABITS ( ?\<T1 NO ONE EV] ?9KS ( ! IMM5SE 9JU/ICE :I* IS ?US COMMITT$4 ,I REALIZ$ IT ONLY FROM ACTUAL EXP]I5CE4 

,9 ! MIDDLE ( ,M>*1 #a#h#h#c1 TW5TY-TWO ( US1 :O HAD BE5 CONDEMN$ TO MORE ?AN ONE YE> ( IMPRISONM5T1 W]E REMOV$ 9 GREAT SECRECY TO ! C5TRAL PRISON ( ,CLAIRVAUX4 ,IT WAS =M]LY AN ABBEY ( ,/4 ,B]N>D1 ( :I* ! GREAT ,REVOLUTION HAD MADE A H\SE = ! POOR4 ,SUBSEQU5TLY IT BECAME A H\SE ( DET5TION & CORRECTION1 :I* W5T AMONG ! PRISON]S & ! (FICIALS !MSELVES UND] ! WELL-DES]V$ NICKNAME ( 0H\SE ( DET5TION & CORRUPTION40 

,SO LONG AS WE W]E KEPT AT ,LYONS WE W]E TREAT$ AS ! PRISON]S UND] PRELIM9>Y >RE/ >E TREAT$ 9 ,FRANCE2 ?AT IS1 WE HAD \R [N CLO!S1 WE C\LD GET \R [N FOOD FROM A RE/AURANT1 & ONE C\LD HIRE = A FEW FRANCS P] MON? A L>G] CELL1 A PI/OLE4 ,I TOOK ADVANTAGE ( ?IS = WORK+ H>D UPON MY >TICLES = ! 0,5CYCLOPA$IA ,BRITANNICA0 & ! 0,N9ETE5? ,C5TURY40 ,N[1 ! TREATM5T WE %\LD HAVE AT ,CLAIRVAUX WAS AN OP5 QUE/ION4 ,H[EV]1 9 ,FRANCE IT IS G5]ALLY UND]/OOD ?AT1 = POLITICAL PRISON]S1 ! LOSS ( LIB]TY & ! =C$ 9ACTIVITY >E 9 !MSELVES SO H>D ?AT !RE IS NO NE$ TO 9FLICT ADDITIONAL H>D%IPS4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 WE W]E TOLD ?AT WE %\LD REMA9 UND] ! SAME REGIME ?AT WE HAD HAD AT ,LYONS4 ,WE %\LD HAVE SEP>ATE QU>T]S1 RETA9 \R [N CLO!S1 BE FREE ( COMPULSORY WORK1 & BE ALL[$ TO SMOKE4 0,?OSE ( Y\10 ! GOV]NOR SAID10:O WI% TO E>N SOME?+ BY MANUAL WORK WILL BE 5ABL$ TO DO SO BY SEW+ /AYS OR 5GRAV+ SMALL ?+S 9 MO!R ( PE>L4 ,?IS WORK IS POORLY PAID2 BUT Y\ C\LD NOT BE EMPLOY$ 9 ! PRISON WORK%OPS = ! FABRICATION ( IRON B$S1 PICTURE FRAMES1 & SO ON1 BECAUSE ?AT W\LD REQUIRE Y\R LODG+ ) ! COMMON-LAW PRISON]S40 ,LIKE ! O!R PRISON]S1 WE W]E ALL[$ TO BUY FROM ! PRISON CANTE5 SOME ADDITIONAL FOOD & A P9T ( CL>ET EV]Y DAY1 BO? BE+ SUPPLI$ AT A V]Y L[ PRICE & ( GOOD QUALITY4 

,! FIR/ IMPRESSION :I* ,CLAIRVAUX PRODUC$ UPON ME WAS MO/ FAVORABLE4 ,WE HAD BE5 LOCK$ UP & HAD BE5 TRAVEL+ ALL ! DAY1 FROM TWO OR ?REE O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+1 9 ?OSE T9Y CUPBO>DS 9TO :I* ! RAILWAY C>RIAGES US$ = ! TRANSPORTATION ( PRISON]S >E USUALLY DIVID$4 ,:5 WE REA*$ ! C5TRAL PRISON1 WE W]E TAK5 TEMPOR>ILY TO ! P5AL QU>T]S1 & W]E 9TRODUC$ 9TO EXTREMELY CLEAN CELLS4 ,HOT FOOD1 PLA9 BUT EXCELL5T QUALITY1 HAD BE5 S]V$ TO US NOT)/&+ ! LATE H\R ( ! NI<T1 & WE HAD BE5 (F]$ ! OPPORTUNITY ( HAV+ A HALF-P9T EA* ( ! V]Y GOOD V9 DU PAYS1 :I* WAS SOLD AT ! PRISON CANTE5 AT ! EXTREMELY MODE/ PRICE ( TW5TY-F\R C5TIMES 7LESS ?AN FIVE C5TS7 P] QU>T4 ,! GOV]NOR & ALL ! W>D]S W]E MO/ POLITE TO US4 

,NEXT DAY ! GOV]NOR ( ! PRISON TOOK ME TO SEE ! ROOMS :I* HE 9T5D$ TO GIVE US1 & :5 ,I REM>K$ ?AT !Y W]E ALL RI<T1 ONLY A LITTLE TOO SMALL = SU* A NUMB]1-WE W]E TW5TY-TWO1-& ?AT OV]CR[D+ MI<T RESULT 9 ILLNESS1 HE GAVE US ANO!R SET ( ROOMS 9 :AT HAD BE5 9 OLD5 TIMES ! H\SE ( ! SUP]9T5D5T ( ! ABBEY1 & WAS N[ ! HOSPITAL ,\R W9D[S LOOK$ D[N UPON A LITTLE G>D5 & (F UPON BEAUTIFUL VIEWS ( ! SURR\ND+ C\NTRY4 ,9 ANO!R ROOM1 ON ! SAME L&+1 OLD ,BLANQUI HAD BE5 KEPT ! LA/ ?REE OR F\R YE>S BE=E HIS RELEASE4 ,BE=E ?AT HE WAS CONF9$ 9 ONE ( ! CELLS 9 ! CELLUL> H\SE4 

,WE OBTA9$ ?US ?REE SPACI\S ROOMS1 & A SMALL] ROOM WAS SP>$ = ,GAUTI] & MYSELF1 SO ?AT WE C\LD PURSUE \R LIT]>Y WORK4 ,WE PROBABLY [$ ?IS LA/ FAVOR TO ! 9T]V5TION ( A CONSID]ABLE NUMB] ( ,5GLI% M5 ( SCI5CE1 :O1 AS SOON AS ,I WAS CONDEMN$1 HAD SIGN$ A PETITION ASK+ = MY RELEASE4 ,MANY CONTRIBUTORS TO ! 0,5CYCLOPA$IA ,BRITANNICA10 ,H]B]T ,SP5C]1 & ,SW9BURNE W]E AMONG ! SIGN]S1 :ILE ,VICTOR ,HUGO HAD ADD$ TO HIS SIGNATURE A FEW W>M WORDS4 ,ALTOGE!R1 PUBLIC OP9ION 9 ,FRANCE RECEIV$ \R CONDEMNATION V]Y UNFAVORABLY2 & :5 MY WIFE HAD M5TION$ AT ,P>IS ?AT ,I REQUIR$ BOOKS1 ! ,ACADEMY ( ,SCI5CES (F]$ ITS LIBR>Y1 & ,]NE/ ,R5AN1 9 A *>M+ LETT]1 PUT HIS PRIVATE LIBR>Y AT H] S]VICE4 

,WE HAD A SMALL G>D51 :]E WE C\LD PLAY N9EP9S OR JEU DE B\LES1 & SOON WE MANAG$ TO CULTIVATE A N>R[ B$ ALONG ! BUILD+'S WALL1 9 :I*1 ON A SURFACE ( SOME EI<TY SQU>E Y>DS1 WE GREW ALMO/ 9CR$IBLE QUANTITIES ( LETTUCE & RADI%ES1 AS WELL AS SOME FL[]S4 ,I NE$ NOT SAY ?AT AT ONCE WE ORGANIZ$ CLASSES1 & DUR+ ! ?REE YE>S ?AT WE REMA9$ AT ,CLAIRVAUX ,I GAVE MY COMRADES LESSONS 9 COSMOGRAPHY1 GEOMETRY1 OR PHYSICS1 ALSO AID+ !M 9 ! /UDY ( LANGUAGES4 ,NE>LY EV]Y ONE LE>N$ AT LEA/ ONE LANGUAGE1-,5GLI%1 ,G]MAN1 ,ITALIAN1 OR ,SPANI%1-:ILE A FEW LE>N$ TWO4 ,WE ALSO MANAG$ TO DO SOME BOOKB9D+1 HAV+ LE>N$ H[ FROM ONE ( ?OSE EXCELL5T ,5CYCLOP$IE ,RORET BOOKLETS4 

,AT ! 5D ( ! FIR/ YE>1 H[EV]1 MY HEAL? AGA9 GAVE WAY4 ,CLAIRVAUX IS BUILT ON M>%Y GR\ND1 UPON :I* MAL>IA IS 5DEMIC1 & MAL>IA1 ) SCURVY1 LAID HOLD ( ME4 ,!N MY WIFE1 :O WAS /UDY+ AT ,P>IS1 WORK+ 9 ,WURTZ'S LABORATORY & PREP>+ TO TAKE AN EXAM9ATION = ! DEGREE ( ,DOCTOR ( ,SCI5CE1 AB&ON$ EV]Y?+1 & CAME TO ! T9Y HAMLET ( ,CLAIRVAUX1 :I* CONSI/S ( LESS ?AN A DOZ5 H\SES GR\P$ AT ! FOOT ( AN IMM5SE HI< WALL :I* 5CIRCLES ! PRISON4 ,( C\RSE1 H] LIFE 9 ?AT HAMLET1 ) ! PRISON WALL OPPOSITE1 WAS ANY?+ BUT GAY2 YET %E /AY$ !RE TILL ,I WAS RELEAS$4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ YE> %E WAS ALL[$ TO SEE ME ONLY ONCE 9 TWO MON?S1 & ALL 9T]VIEWS W]E HELD 9 ! PRES5CE ( A W>D]1 :O SAT BETWE5 US4 ,BUT :5 %E SETTL$ AT ,CLAIRVAUX1 DECL>+ H] FIRM 9T5TION TO REMA9 !RE1 %E WAS SOON P]MITT$ TO SEE ME EV]Y DAY1 9 ONE ( ! SMALL H\SES )9 ! PRISON WALLS :]E A PO/ ( W>D]S WAS KEPT1 & FOOD WAS BR\<T ME FROM ! 9N :]E %E /AY$4 ,LAT]1 WE W]E EV5 ALL[$ TO TAKE A WALK 9 ! GOV]NOR'S G>D51 CLOSELY WAT*$ ALL ! TIME1 & USUALLY ONE ( MY COMRADES JO9$ US 9 ! WALK4 

,I WAS QUITE A/ONI%$ TO DISCOV] ?AT ! C5TRAL PRISON ( ,CLAIRVAUX HAD ALL ! ASPECTS ( A SMALL MANUFACTUR+ T[N1 SURR\ND$ BY OR*>DS & CORNFIELDS1 ALL 5CIRCL$ BY AN \T] WALL4 ,! FACT IS1 ?AT IF 9 A ,FR5* C5TRAL PRISON ! 9MATES >E P]HAPS MORE DEP5D5T UPON ! FANCIES & CAPRICES ( ! GOV]NOR & ! W>D]S ?AN !Y SEEM TO BE 9 ,5GLI% PRISONS1 ! TREATM5T ( ! PRISON]S IS F> MORE HUMANE ?AN IT IS 9 ! CORRESPOND+ 9/ITUTIONS ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! ,*ANNEL4 ,! M$AEVAL REV5GEFUL SY/EM :I* /ILL PREVAILS 9 ,5GLI% PRISONS HAS BE5 GIV5 UP LONG S9CE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,! IMPRISON$ MAN IS NOT COMPELL$ TO SLEEP ON PLANKS1 OR TO HAVE A MATTRESS ON ALT]NATE DAYS ONLY2 ! DAY HE COMES TO PRISON HE GETS A DEC5T B$1 & RETA9S IT4 ,HE IS NOT COMPELL$1 EI!R1 TO DEGRAD+ WORK1 SU* AS TO CLIMB A :EEL1 OR TO PICK OAKUM2 HE IS EMPLOY$1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 USEFUL WORK1 & ?IS IS :Y ! ,CLAIRVAUX PRISON HAS ! ASPECT ( A MANUFACTUR+ T[N1 IRON FURNITURE1 PICTURE FRAMES1 LOOK+-GLASSES1 METRIC MEASURES1 VELVET1 L951 LADIES' /AYS1 SMALL ?+S 9 MO!R ( PE>L1 WOOD5 %OES1 & SO ON1 BE+ MADE BY ! NE>LY SIXTE5 HUNDR$ M5 :O >E KEPT !RE4 

,MOREOV]1 IF ! PUNI%M5T = 9SUBORD9ATION IS V]Y CRUEL1 !RE IS1 AT LEA/1 NONE ( ! FLOGG+ :I* GOES ON /ILL 9 ,5GLI% PRISONS4 ,SU* A PUNI%M5T W\LD BE ABSOLUTELY IMPOSSIBLE 9 ,FRANCE4 ,ALTOGE!R1 ! C5TRAL PRISON AT ,CLAIRVAUX MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ONE ( ! BE/ P5AL 9/ITUTIONS 9 ,EUROPE4 ,&1 ) ALL ?AT1 ! RESULTS OBTA9$ AT ,CLAIRVAUX >E AS BAD AS 9 ANY ( ! PRISONS ( ! OLD TYPE4 0,! WAT*WORD N[ADAYS IS ?AT CONVICTS >E RE=M$ 9 \R PRISONS10 ONE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION ONCE SAID TO ME4 0,?IS IS ALL NONS5SE1 & ,I %ALL NEV] BE 9DUC$ TO TELL SU* A LIE40 

,! PH>MACY AT ,CLAIRVAUX WAS UND]NEA? ! ROOMS :I* WE OCCUPI$1 & WE OCCASIONALLY HAD SOME CONTACT ) ! PRISON]S :O W]E EMPLOY$ 9 IT4 ,ONE ( !M WAS A GRAY-HAIR$ MAN 9 HIS1 FIFTIES1 :O 5D$ HIS T]M :ILE WE W]E !RE4 ,IT WAS T\*+ TO LE>N H[ HE P>T$ ) ! PRISON4 ,HE KNEW ?AT 9 A FEW MON?S OR WEEKS HE W\LD BE BACK1 & BEGG$ ! DOCTOR TO KEEP ! PLACE AT ! PH>MACY OP5 = HIM4 ,?IS WAS NOT HIS FIR/ VISIT TO ,CLAIRVAUX1 & HE KNEW IT W\LD NOT BE ! LA/4 ,:5 HE WAS SET FREE HE HAD NOT A S\L 9 ! WORLD TO :OM HE MI<T GO TO SP5D HIS OLD AGE4 0,:O WILL C>E TO EMPLOY ME 80 HE SAID4 0,& :AT TRADE HAVE ,I8 ,NONE6 ,:5 ,I AM \T ,I MU/ GO TO MY OLD COMRADES2 !Y1 AT LEA/1 WILL SURELY RECEIVE ME AS AN OLD FRI5D40 ,!N W\LD COME A GLASS TOO MU* ( DR9K 9 !IR COMPANY1 EXCIT$ TALK AB\T SOME CAPITAL FUN1-SOME 0NEW /ROKE0 TO BE MADE 9 ! WAY ( !FT1-&1 P>TLY FROM WEAKNESS ( WILL1 P>TLY TO OBLIGE HIS ONLY FRI5DS1 HE W\LD JO9 9 IT1 & W\LD BE LOCK$ UP ONCE MORE4 ,SO IT HAD BE5 SEV]AL TIMES BE=E 9 HIS LIFE4 ,TWO MON?S PASS$1 H[EV]1 AFT] HIS RELEASE1 & HE HAD NOT YET RETURN$ TO ,CLAIRVAUX4 ,!N ! PRISON]S1 & ! W>D]S TOO1 BEGAN TO FEEL UNEASY AB\T HIM4 0,HAS HE HAD TIME TO MOVE TO ANO!R JUDICIAL DI/RICT1 ?AT HE IS NOT YET BACK80 0,ONE CAN ONLY HOPE ?AT HE HAS NOT BE5 9VOLV$ 9 SOME BAD AFFAIR10 !Y W\LD SAY1 MEAN+ SOME?+ WORSE ?AN !FT4 0,?AT W\LD BE A PITY3 HE WAS SU* A NICE1 QUIET MAN40 ,BUT IT SOON APPE>$ ?AT ! FIR/ SUPPOSITION WAS ! RI<T ONE4 ,WORD CAME FROM ANO!R PRISON ?AT ! OLD MAN WAS LOCK$ UP !RE1 & WAS N[ 5DEAVOR+ TO BE TRANSF]R$ TO ,CLAIRVAUX4 

,! OLD M5 W]E ! MO/ PITIFUL SI<T4 ,MANY ( !M HAD BEGUN !IR PRISON EXP]I5CE 9 *ILDHOOD OR E>LY Y\?2 O!RS AT A RIP] AGE4 ,BUT 0ONCE 9 PRISON1 ALWAYS 9 PRISON20 SU* IS ! SAY+ D]IV$ FROM EXP]I5CE4 ,& N[1 HAV+ REA*$ OR PASS$ BEYOND ! AGE ( SIXTY1 !Y KNEW ?AT !Y MU/ 5D !IR LIVES 9 PRISON4 ,TO QUICK5 !IR DEP>TURE FROM LIFE ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION TION US$ TO S5D !M TO ! WORK%OPS :]E FELT W]E MADE \T ( ALL SORTS ( WOOL5 REFUSE4 ,! DU/ 9 ! WORK%OP SOON 9DUC$ ! CONSUMPTION :I* RELEAS$ !M4 ,!N1 F\R FELL[ PRISON]S W\LD C>RY ! OLD MAN TO ! COMMON GRAVE1 ! GRAVEY>D W>D] & HIS BLACK DOG BE+ ?R ONLY TWO BE+S TO FOLL[ HIM2 & :ILE ! PRISON PRIE/ M>*$ 9 FRONT ( ! PROCESSION ME*ANICALLY RECIT+ HIS PRAY] & LOOK+ AT ! *E/NUT OR FIR TREES ALONG ! ROAD1 & ! COMRADES C>RY+ ! C(F9 W]E 5JOY+ ! MOM5T>Y FRE$OM FROM CONF9EM5T1 ! BLACK DOG W\LD BE ! ONLY BE+ AFFECT$ BY ! SOLEMNITY ( ! C]EMONY4 

,:5 ! RE=M$ C5TRAL PRISONS W]E 9TRODUC$ IT WAS BELIEV$ ?AT ! PR9CIPLE ( ABSOLUTE SIL5CE C\LD BE MA9TA9$ 9 !M4 ,BUT IT IS SO CONTR>Y HUMAN NATURE ?AT ITS /RICT 5=CEM5T HAD TO BE AB&ON$4 

,TO ! \TW>D OBS]V] ! PRISON SEEMS TO BE QUITE MUTE2 BUT 9 REALITY LIFE GOES ON 9 IT AS BUSILY AS 94 A SMALL T[N4 ,9 SUPPRESS$ VOICES1 BY MEANS ( :ISP]S1 HURRI$LY DROPP$ WORDS1 & SCRAPS ( NOTES1 ALL NEWS ( ANY 9T]E/ SPREADS IMM$IATELY ?R\<\T ! PRISON4 ,NO?+ CAN HAPP5 EI!R AMONG ! PRISON]S !MSELVES1 OR 9 ! 0C\R D'HONNEUR10 :]E ! LODG+S ( ! ADM9I/RATION >E SITUAT$1 OR 9 ! VILLAGE ( ,CLAIRVAUX 1 OR 9 ! WIDE WORLD ( ,P>IS POLITICS1 ?AT IS NOT COMMUNICAT$ AT ONCE ?R\<\T ALL ! DORMITORIES1 WORK%OPS1 & CELLS4 ,FR5*M5 >E TOO COMMUNICATIVE TO ADMIT ( !IR UND]GR\ND TELEGRAPH EV] BE+ /OPP$4 ,WE HAD NO 9T]C\RSE ) ! COMMON-LAW PRISON]S1 & YET WE KNEW ALL ! NEWS ( ! DAY4 0,JOHN1 ! G>D5]1 IS BACK = TWO YE>S40 0,SU* AN 9SPECTOR'S WIFE HAS HAD A FE>FUL SCRIMMAGE ) ,SO & ,SO'S WIFE40 0,JAMES 9 ! CELLS1 HAS BE5 CAU<T TRANSMITT+ A NOTE ( FRI5D%IP TO ,JOHN ( ! F>M]S' WORK%OP40 0,?AT OLD BEA/ ,SO & ,SO IS NO LONG] ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE2 ! M9I/RY WAS UPSET20 & SO ON2 & :5 ! WORD GOES \T ?AT 0,JACK HAS GOT TWO FIVE-P5NY PACKETS ( TOBACCO 9 EX*ANGE = TWO FLANNEL JACKETS10 IT MAKES ! T\R ( ! PRISON V]Y QUICKLY4 ,ON ONE OCCASION A PETTY LAWY]1 DETA9$ 9 ! PRISON1 WI%$ TO TRANSMIT TO ME A NOTE1 9 ORD] TO ASK MY WIFE1 :O WAS /AY+ 9 ! VILLAGE1 TO SEE FROM TIME TO TIME HIS WIFE1 :O WAS ALSO !RE1-& QUITE A NUMB] ( M5 TOOK ! LIVELIE/ 9T]E/ 9 ! TRANSMISSION ( ?AT MESSAGE :I* HAD TO PASS ?R\< ,I DON'T KN[ H[ MANY H&S BE=E IT REA*$ ME4 ,:5 !RE1 WAS SOME?+ ?AT MI<T ESPECIALLY 9T]E/ US 9 A1 PAP]1 ?IS PAP]1 9 SOME UNACC\NTABLE WAY1 W\LD REA* US1 WRAPP$ AB\T A LITTLE /ONE & ?R[N OV] ! HI< WALL4 

,CONF9EM5T 9 A CELL IS NO OB/ACLE TO COMMUNICATION4 ,:5 WE CAME TO ,CLAIRVAUX & W]E FIR/ LODG$ 9 ! CELLUL> QU>T]1 IT WAS BITT]LY COLD 9 ! CELLS2 SO COLD1 9DE$1 ?AT ,I C\LD H>DLY WRITE1 & :5 MY WIFE1 :O WAS !N AT ,P>IS1 GOT MY LETT]1 %E DID NOT RECOGNIZE MY H&WRIT+4 ,! ORD] CAME TO HEAT ! CELLS AS MU* AS POSSIBLE2 BUT DO :AT !Y MI<T1 ! CELLS REMA9$ AS COLD AS SV]4 ,IT APPE>$4 AFT]W>DS ?AT ALL ! HOT AIR TUBES W]E *OK$ ) SCRAPS ( PAP]1 BITES ( NOTES1 P5KNIVES1 & ALL SORTS ( SMALL ?+S :I* SEV]AL G5]ATIONS ( PRISON]S HAD CONCEAL$ 9 ! PIPES4 

,M>T91 ! SAME FRI5D1 ( M9E :OM ,I HAVE ALREADY M5TION$1 OBTA9$ P]MISSION TO S]VE P>T ( HIS TIME 9 CELLUL> CONF9EM5T4 ,HE PREF]R$ ISOLATION TO LIFE 9 A ROOM ) A DOZ5 O!RS1 & SO W5T TO A CELL4 ,TO HIS GREAT A/ONI%M5T HE F\ND ?AT HE WAS NOT AT ALL ALONE4 ,! WALLS & ! KEYHOLES SPOKE4 ,9 A %ORT TIME ALL ! 9MATES ( ! CELLS KNEW :O HE WAS1 & LIE HAD ACQUA9TANCES ALL OV] ! BUILD+4 ,QUITE A LIFE GOES ON1 AS 9 A BEEHIVE1 BETWE5 ! SEEM+LY ISOLAT$ CELLS2 ONLY ?AT LIFE (T5 TAKES SU* A *>ACT] AS TO MAKE IT BELONG 5TIRELY TO ! DOMA9 ( PSY*OPA?Y4 ,KRAFT-,EBB+ HIMSELF HAD NO IDEA ( ! ASPECTS IT ASSUMES ) C]TA9 PRISON]S 9 SOLIT>Y CONF9EM5T4 

,I WILL NOT REPEAT H]E :AT ,I HAVE SAID 9 A BOOK1 0,9 ,RUSSIAN & ,FR5* ,PRISONS10 :I* ,I PUBLI%$ 9 ,5GL& 9 #a#h#h#f1 SOON AFT] MY RELEASE FROM ,CLAIRVAUX11 UPON ! MORAL 9FLU5CE ( PRISON]S UPON PRISON]S4 ,BUT !RE IS ONE ?+ :I* MU/ BE SAID4 ,! PRISON POPULATION CONSI/S ( HET]OG5E\S ELEM5TS2 BUT1 TAK+ ONLY ?OSE :O >E USUALLY DESCRIB$ AS 0! CRIM9ALS0 PROP]1 & ( :OM WE HAVE HE>D SO MU* LATELY FROM ,LOMBROSO HIS FOLL[]S1 :AT /RUCK ME MO/ AS REG>DS !M ?AT ! PRISONS1 :I* >E CONSID]$ AS PREV5TIVE ( ANTI-SOCIAL DE$S1 >E EXACTLY ! 9/ITUTIONS = BRE$+ !M4 ,EV]Y ONE KN[S ?AT ABS5CE ( $UCATION1 DISLIKE ( REGUL> WORK1 PHYSICAL 9CAPABILITY ( SU/A9$ EF=T1 MISDIRECT$ LOVE ( ADV5TURE1 GAMBL+ PROP5SITIES1 ABS5CE ( 5]GY1 AN UNTRA9$ WILL1 & C>ELESSNESS AB\T ! HAPP9ESS ( O!RS >E ! CAUSES :I* BR+ ?IS CLASS ( PEOPLE BE=E ! C\RTS4 ,N[ ,I WAS DEEPLY IMPRESS$ DUR+ MY IMPRISONM5T BY ! FACT ?AT IT IS EXACTLY !SE DEFECTS ( HUMAN NATURE-EA* ONE ( !M-:I* ! PRISON BRE$S 9 ITS 9MATES2 & IT IS B\ND TO BRE$ !M BECAUSE IT IS A PRISON1 & WILL BRE$ !M SO LONG AS IT EXI/S4 ,9C>C]ATION 9 A PRISON ( NECESSITY 5TIRELY DE/ROYS ! 5]GY ( A MAN & ANNIHILATES HIS WILL4 ,9 PRISON LIFE !RE IS NO ROOM = EX]CIS+ ONE'S WILL2 TO POSSESS ONE'S [N WILL 9 PRISON MEANS SURELY TO GET 9TO TR\BLE4 ,! WILL ( ! PRISON] MU/ BE KILL$1 & IT IS KILL$4 ,/ILL LESS ROOM IS !RE = EX]CIS+ ONE'S NATURAL SYMPA?IES1 EV]Y?+ BE+ DONE TO PREV5T FREE CONTACT ) ALL ?OSE1 \TSIDE & 9SIDE1 ) :OM ! PRISON] MAY HAVE FEEL+S ( SYMPA?Y4 ,PHYSICALLY & M5TALLY HE IS R5D]$ LESS & LESS CAPABLE ( SU/A9$ EF=T1 & IF HE HAS HAD ALREADY A DISLIKE = REGUL> WORK1 A DISLIKE IS ONLY ! MORE 9CREAS$ DUR+ HIS PRISON YE>S4 ,IF1 BE=E HE FIR/ CAME TO ! PRISON1 HE WAS EASILY WE>I$ BY MONOTON\S WORK :I* HE C\LD NOT DO PROP]LY OR HAD AN ANTIPA?Y TO UND]PAID OV]WORK1 HIS DISLIKE N[ BECOMES HATR$4 ,IF HE D\BT$ AB\T ! SOCIAL UTILITY ( CURR5T RULES ( MORALITY1 N[ AFT] HAV+ CA/ A CRITICAL GLANCE UPON ! (FICIAL DEF5D]S ( !SE RULES1 & LE>N$ HIS COMRADES OP9IONS ( !M1 HE OP5LY ?R[S !SE RULES OV]BO>D4 ,& IF HE HAS GOT 9TO TR\BLE 9 CONSEQU5CE ( A MORBID DEVELOPM5T ( ! PASSIONATE1 S5SUAL SIDE ( HIS NATURE1 N[1 AFT] HAV+ SP5T A NUMB] ( YE>S 9 PRISON1 ?IS MORBID *>ACT] IS /ILL MORE DEVELOP$1 9 MANY CASES TO AN APPALL+ EXT5T4 ,9 ?IS LA/ DIRECTION-! MO/ DANG]\S ( ALL-PRISON $UCATION IS MO/ EFFECTIVE4 

,9 ,SIB]IA ,I HAD M5 :AT S9KS ( FIL? & :AT HOTB$S (1 PHYSICAL & MORAL DET]IORATION ! DIRTY1 OV]CR[D$1 0UNRE=M$0 ,RUSSIAN PRISONS W]E1 & AT ! AGE ( N9ETE5 ,I IMAG9$ ?AT IF !RE W]E LESS OV]CR[D+ 9 ! ROOMS & A C]TA9 CLASSIFICATION ( ! PRISON]S1 & IF HEAL?Y OCCUPATIONS W]E PROVID$ = !M1 ! 9/ITUTION MI<T BE SUB/ANTIALLY IMPROV$4 ,N[ ,I HAD TO P>T ) !SE ILLUSIONS4 ,I C\LD CONV9CE MYSELF ?AT AS REG>DS !IR EFFECTS UPON ! PRISON]S & !IR RESULTS = SOCIETY AT L>GE1 ! BE/ 0RE=M$0 PRISONS-:E!R CELLUL> OR NOT->E AS BAD AS1 OR EV5 WORSE ?AN ! DIRTY PRISONS ( OLD4 ,!Y DO NOT RE=M ! PRISON]S4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 ! IMM5SE1 OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ( CASES !Y EX]CISE UPON !M ! MO/ DET]IORAT+ EFFECT4 ,! ?IEF1 ! SW9DL]1 ! R\<1 :O HAS SP5T SOME YE>S 9 A PRISON1 COMES \T ( IT MORE READY ?AN OV] TO RESUME HIS =M] C>E]2 HE IS BETT] PREP>$ = IT2 HE HAS LE>N$ TO DO IT BETT]2 HE IS MORE EMBITT]$ AGA9/ SOCIETY1 & HE F9DS A SOLID JU/IFICATION = BE+ 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ITS LAWS & CU/OMS2 NECESS>ILY1 UNAVOIDABLY1 HE IS B\ND TO S9K DEEP] & DEEP] 9TO ! ANTI-SOCIAL ACTS :I* FIR/ BR\<T HIM BE=E A LAW C\RT4 ,! (F5SES HE WILL COMMIT AFT] HIS RELEASE WILL 9EVITABLY BE GRAV] ?AN ?OSE :I* FIR/ GOT HIM 9TO TR\BLE2 & HE IS DOOM$ TO F9I% HIS LIFE 9 A PRISON OR 9 A H>D-LABOR COLONY4 ,9 ! ABOVE-M5TION$ BOOK ,I SAID ?AT PRISONS >E 0UNIV]SITIES ( CRIME1 MA9TA9$ BY ! /ATE40 ,& N[1 ?9K+ ( IT AT FIFTE5 YE>S' DI/ANCE1 9 ! LI<T ( MY SUBSEQU5T EXP]I5CE1 ,I CAN ONLY CONFIRM ?AT /ATEM5T ( M9E4 

,P]SONALLY1 ,I HAVE NO REASON :ATEV] TO COMPLA9 ( ! YE>S ,I SP5T 9 A ,FR5* PRISON4 ,= AN ACTIVE & 9DEP5D5T MAN ! RE/RA9T ( LIB]TY & ACTIVITY IS 9 ITSELF SO GREAT A PRIVATION ?AT ALL ! REMA9D]-ALL ! PETTY MIS]IES ( PRISON LIFE->E NOT WOR? SPEAK+ (4 ,( C\RSE1 :5 WE HE>D ( ! ACTIVE POLITICAL LIFE :I* WAS GO+ ON 9 ,FRANCE1 WE RES5T$ V]Y MU* \R =C$ 9ACTIVITY4 ,! 5D ( ! FIR/ YE>1 ESPECIALLY DUR+ A GLOOMY W9T]1 IS ALWAYS H>D = ! PRISON]4 ,& :5 SPR+ COMES1 ONE FEELS MORE /RONGLY ?AN EV] ! WANT ( LIB]TY4 ,:5 ,I SAW FROM \R W9D[S ! MEAD[S ASSUM+ !IR GRE5 G>B1 & ! HILLS COV]$ ) A SPR+ HAZE1 OR :5 ,I SAW A TRA9 FLY+ 9TO A DALE BETWE5 ! HILLS1 ,I C]TA9LY FELT A /RONG DESIRE TO FOLL[ IT & TO BREA! ! AIR ( ! WOODS1 OR TO BE C>RI$ ALONG ) ! /REAM ( HUMAN LIFE 9 A BUSY T[N4 ,BUT ONE :O CA/S HIS LOT ) AN ADVANC$ P>TY MU/ BE PREP>$ TO SP5D A NUMB] ( YE>S 9 PRISON1 & HE NE$ NOT GRUDGE IT4 ,HE FEELS ?AT EV5 DUR+ HIS IMPRISONM5T HE REMA9S NOT QUITE AN 9ACTIVE P>T ( ! MOVEM5T :I* SPREADS & /R5G!NS ! IDEAS ?AT >E DE> TO HIM4 

,AT ,LYONS1 MY COMRADES1 MY WIFE1 & MYSELF C]TA9LY F\ND ! W>D]S A V]Y R\< SET ( M54 ,BUT AFT] A C\PLE ( 5C\NT]S ALL WAS SET RI<T4 ,MOREOV] ! PRISON ADM9I/RATION KNEW ?AT WE HAD ! ,P>IS PRESS ) US1 & !Y DID NOT WANT TO DRAW UPON !MSELVES ! ?UND]S ( ,RO*E=T OR1 ! CUTT+ CRITICISMS ( ,CLEM5CEAU4 ,& AT ,CLAIRVAUX !RE WAS NO NE$ ( SU* RE/RA9T4 ,ALL ! ADM9I/RATION HAD BE5 R5EW$ A FEW MON?S BE=E WE CAME ?I!R4 ,A PRISON] HAD BE5 KILL$ BY W>D]S 9 HIS CELL1 & HIS CORPSE HAD BE5 HANG$ TO SIMULATE SUICIDE2 BUT ?IS TIME ! AFFAIR LEAK$ \T ?R\< ! DOCTOR1 ! GOV]NOR WAS DISMISS$1 & ALTOGE!R A BETT] TONE PREVAIL$ 9 ! PRISON4 ,I TOOK AWAY FROM ,CLAIRVAUX ! BE/ RECOLLECTION ( ITS GOV]NOR1 & ALTOGE!R1 :ILE ,I WAS !RE1 ,I MORE ?AN ONCE ?\<T ?AT1 AFT] ALL1 M5 >E (T5 BETT] ?AN ! 9/ITUTIONS !Y BELONG TO4 ,BUT1 HAV+ NO P]SONAL GRIEFS1 ,I CAN ALL ! MORE FREELY & MO/ UNCONDITIONALLY CONDEMN ! 9/ITUTION ITSELF AS A SURVIVAL FROM ! D>K PA/1 WRONG 9 ITS PR9CIPLES1 & A S\RCE ( IMMEASURABLE EVILS TO SOCIETY4 

,ONE ?+ MORE ,I MU/ M5TION1 AS IT /RUCK ME P]HAPS EV5 MORE =CIBLY ?AN ! DEMORALIZ+ EFFECTS ( PRISONS UPON !IR 9MATES4 ,:AT A NE/ ( 9FECTION IS EV]Y PRISON-& EV5 EV]Y LAW C\RT-= ITS NEI<BORHOOD1 = ! PEOPLE :O LIVE NE> IT6 ,LOMBROSO HAS MADE MU* ( ! 0CRIM9AL TYPE0 :I* HE BELIEVES HE HAS DISCOV]$ AMONG ! 9MATES ( ! PRISONS4 ,IF HE HAD MADE ! SAME EF=TS TO OBS]VE ! PEOPLE :O HANG AB\T ! LAW C\RTS1-DETECTIVES1 SPIES1 PETTY SOLICITORS1 9=M]S1 PEOPLE PREY+ UPON ! SIMPLETONS1 & ! LIKE1-HE W\LD PROBABLY HAVE CONCLUD$ ?AT HIS CRIM9AL TYPE HAS A F> GREAT] GEOGRAPHICAL EXT5SION ?AN ! PRISON WALLS4 ,I NEV] SAW SU* A COLLECTION ( FACES ( ! L[E/ HUMAN TYPE AS ,I SAW >\ND & )9 ! ,PALAIS DE ,JU/ICE AT ,LYONS1-C]TA9LY NOT )9 ! PRISON WALLS ( ,CLAIRVAUX14 ,DICK5S & ,CRUIK%ANK HAVE IMMORTALIZ$ A FEW ( !SE TYPES2 BUT !Y REPRES5T QUITE A WORLD :I* REVOLVES AB\T ! LAW C\RTS & 9FUSES ITS 9FECTION F> & WIDE >\ND !M4 ,& ! SAME IS TRUE ( EA* C5TRAL PRISON1 LIKE ,CLAIRVAUX4 ,IT IS AN ATMOSPH]E ( PETTY !FTS1 PETTY SW9DL+S1 SPY+ & CORRUPTION ( ALL SORTS1 :I* SPREADS LIKE A BLOT ( OIL R\ND ! PRISON4 

,I SAW ALL ?IS2 & IF BE=E MY CONDEMNATION ,I ALREADY KNEW ?AT SOCIETY IS WRONG 9 ITS PRES5T SY/EM ( PUNI%M5TS1 AFT] ,I LEFT ,CLAIRVAUX ,I KNEW ?AT IT IS NOT ONLY WRONG & UNJU/ 9 ?IS SY/EM1 BUT ?AT IT IS SIMPLY FOOLI% :51 9 ITS P>TLY UNCONSCI\S & P>TLY WILLFUL IGNORANCE ( REALITIES1 IT MA9TA9S AT ITS [N EXP5SE !SE UNIV]SITIES ( CORRUPTION1 UND] ! ILLUSION ?AT !Y >E NECESS>Y AS A BRIDLE TO ! CRIM9AL 9/9CTS ( MAN4 

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