,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #ae 

#ahiiahii 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,DAVID ,LIONG1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,! TWO YE>S ?AT ,I WORK$ ) ! ,CIRCLE ( ,T*AYKOVSKY1 BE=E ,I WAS >RE/$1 LEFT A DEEP IMPRESSION UPON ALL MY SUBSEQU5T LIFE & ?\<T4 ,DUR+ !SE TWO YE>S IT WAS LIFE UND] HI< PRESSURE1--?AT EXUB]ANCE ( LIFE :5 ONE FEELS AT EV]Y MOM5T ! FULL ?ROBB+ ( ALL ! FIB]S ( ! 9N] SELF1 & :5 LIFE IS REALLY WOR? LIV+4 ,I WAS 9 A FAMILY ( M5 & WOM5 SO CLOSELY UNIT$ BY !IR COMMON OBJECT1 & SO BROADLY & DELICATELY HUMANE 9 !IR MUTUAL RELATIONS1 ?AT ,I CANNOT N[ RECALL A S+LE MOM5T ( EV5 TEMPOR>Y FRICTION M>R+ ! LIFE ( \R CIRCLE4 ,?OSE :O HAVE HAD ANY EXP]I5CE ( POLITICAL AGITATION WILL APPRECIATE ! VALUE ( ?IS /ATEM5T4 

,BE=E AB&ON+ 5TIRELY MY SCI5TIFIC C>E]1 ,I CONSID]$ MYSELF B\ND TO COMPLETE ! REPORT ( MY J\RNEY TO ,F9L& = ! ,GEOGRAPHICAL ,SOCIETY1 AS WELL AS SOME O!R WORK ?AT ,I HAD 9 H& = ! SAME SOCIETY2 & MY NEW FRI5DS W]E ! FIR/ TO CONFIRM ME 9 ?AT DECISION4 ,IT W\LD NOT BE FAIR1 !Y SAID1 TO DO O!RWISE4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 ,I WORK$ H>D TO F9I% MY GEOGRAPHICAL & GEOLOGICAL BOOKS4 

,MEET+S ( \R CIRCLE W]E FREQU5T1 & ,I NEV] MISS$ !M4 ,WE US$ TO MEET !N 9 A SUBURBAN P>T ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 9 A SMALL H\SE ( :I* ,SOPHIE ,P]OVSKAYA1 UND] ! ASSUM$ NAME & ! FABRICAT$ PASSPORT ( AN >TISAN'S WIFE1 WAS ! SUPPOS$ T5ANT4 ,%E WAS BORN ( A V]Y >I/OCRATIC FAMILY1 & H] FA!R HAD BE5 = SOME TIME ! MILIT>Y GOV]NOR ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 BUT1 ) ! APPROVAL ( H] MO!R1 :O ADOR$ H]1 %E HAD LEFT H] HOME TO JO9 A HI< S*OOL1 & ) ! ?REE SI/]S ,KORNIL(F--DAU<T]S ( A RI* MANUFACTUR]--%E HAD F\ND$ ?AT LITTLE CIRCLE ( SELF-$UCATION :I* LAT] ON BECAME \R CIRCLE4 ,N[1 9 ! CAPACITY ( AN >TISAN'S WIFE1 9 H] COTTON DRESS & M5'S BOOTS1 H] HEAD COV]$ ) A COTTON K]*IEF1 AS %E C>RI$ ON H] %\LD]S H] TWO PAILS ( WAT] FROM ! ,NEVA1 NO ONE W\LD HAVE RECOGNIZ$ 9 H] ! GIRL :O A FEW YE>S BE=E %ONE 9 ONE ( ! MO/ FA%IONABLE DRAW+-ROOMS ( ! CAPITAL4 ,%E WAS A G5]AL FAVORITE1 & EV]Y ONE ( US1 ON 5T]+ ! H\SE1 HAD A SPECIALLY FRI5DLY SMILE = H]1--EV5 :5 %E1 MAK+ A PO9T ( HONOR ( KEEP+ ! H\SE RELATIVELY CLEAN1 QU>REL$ ) US AB\T ! DIRT :I* WE1 DRESS$ 9 PEASANT TOP-BOOTS & %EEPSK9S1 BR\<T 91 AFT] WALK+ ! MUDDY /REETS ( ! SUBURBS4 ,%E TRI$ !N TO GIVE TO H] GIRLI%1 9NOC5T1 & V]Y 9TELLIG5T LITTLE FACE ! MO/ SEV]E EXPRESSION POSSIBLE TO IT4 ,9 H] MORAL CONCEPTIONS %E WAS A 0RIGORI/10 BUT NOT 9 ! LEA/ ( ! S]MON-PREA*+ TYPE4 ,:5 %E WAS DISSATISFI$ ) SOME ONE'S CONDUCT1 %E W\LD CA/ A SEV]E GLANCE AT HIM FROM B5EA? H] BR[S2 BUT 9 ?AT GLANCE ONE SAW H] OP5-M9D$1 G5]\S NATURE1 :I* UND]/OOD ALL ?AT IS HUMAN4 ,ON ONE PO9T ONLY %E WAS 9EXORABLE4 0,A WOM5'S MAN10 %E ONCE SAID1 SPEAK+ ( SOME ONE1 & ! EXPRESSION & ! MANN] 9 :I* %E SAID IT1 )\T 9T]RUPT+ H] WORK1 >E 5GRAV$ =EV] 9 MY MEMORY4 

,P]OVSKAYA WAS A 0POPUL>I/0 TO ! V]Y BOTTOM ( H] HE>T1 & AT ! SAME TIME A REVOLUTIONI/1 A FI<T] ( ! TRUE/ /EEL4 ,%E HAD NO NE$ TO EMBELLI% ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS ) IMAG9>Y VIRTUES1 9 ORD] TO LOVE !M & TO WORK = !M4 ,%E TOOK !M AS !Y W]E1 & SAID TO ME ONCE3 0,WE HAVE BEGUN A GREAT ?+4 ,TWO G5]ATIONS1 P]HAPS1 WILL SUCCUMB 9 ! TASK1 & YET IT MU/ BE DONE40 ,NONE ( ! WOM5 ( \R CIRCLE W\LD HAVE GIV5 WAY BE=E ! C]TA9TY ( DEA? ON ! SCAFFOLD4 ,EA* W\LD HAVE LOOK$ DEA? /RAI<T 9 ! FACE4 ,BUT NONE ( !M1 AT ?AT /AGE ( \R PROPAG&A1 ?\<T ( SU* A FATE4 ,P]OVSKAYA'S WELL-KN[N PORTRAIT IS EXCEPTIONALLY GOOD2 IT RECORDS SO WELL H] E>NE/ C\RAGE1 H] BRI<T 9TELLIG5CE1 & H] LOV+ NATURE4 ,! LETT] %E WROTE TO H] MO!R A FEW H\RS BE=E %E W5T TO ! SCAFFOLD IS ONE ( ! BE/ EXPRESSIONS ( A LOV+ S\L ?AT A WOMAN'S HE>T EV] DICTAT$4 

,! FOLL[+ 9CID5T WILL %[ :AT ! O!R WOM5 ( \R CIRCLE W]E4 ,ONE NI<T1 ,KUPREYAN(F & ,I W5T TO ,V>V>A ,B41 TO :OM WE HAD TO MAKE AN URG5T COMMUNICATION4 ,IT WAS PA/ MIDNI<T1 BUT1 SEE+ A LI<T 9 H] W9D[1 WE W5T UP/AIRS4 ,%E SAT 9 H] T9Y ROOM1 AT A TABLE1 COPY+ A PROGRAM ( \R CIRCLE4 ,WE KNEW H[ RESOLUTE %E WAS1 & ! IDEA CAME TO US TO MAKE ONE ( ?OSE /UPID JOKES :I* M5 SOMETIMES ?9K FUNNY4 0,B410 ,I SAID1 0WE CAME TO FET* Y\3 WE >E GO+ TO TRY A RA!R MAD ATTEMPT TO LIB]ATE \R FRI5DS FROM ! =TRESS40 ,%E ASK$ NOT ONE QUE/ION4 ,%E QUIETLY LAID D[N H] P51 ROSE FROM ! *AIR1 & SAID ONLY1 0,LET US GO40 ,%E SPOKE 9 SO SIMPLE1 SO UNAFFECT$ A VOICE ?AT ,I FELT AT ONCE H[ FOOLI%LY ,I HAD ACT$1 & TOLD H] ! TRU?4 ,%E DROPP$ BACK 9TO H] *AIR1 ) TE>S 9 H] EYES1 & 9 A DESPAIR+ VOICE ASK$3 0,IT WAS ONLY A JOKE8 ,:Y DO Y\ MAKE SU* JOKES80 ,I FULLY REALIZ$ !N ! CRUELTY ( :AT ,I HAD DONE4 

,ANO!R G5]AL FAVORITE 9 \R CIRCLE WAS ,S]<EI ,KRAV*9SKY1 :O BECAME SO WELL KN[N1 BO? 9 ,5GL& & 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 UND] ! NAME ( ,/EPNIAK4 ,HE WAS (T5 CALL$ 0! ,BABY10 SO UNCONC]N$ WAS HE AB\T HIS [N SECURITY2 BUT ?IS C>ELESSNESS AB\T HIMSELF WAS M]ELY ! RESULT ( A COMPLETE ABS5CE ( FE>1 :I*1 AFT] ALL1 IS (T5 ! BE/ POLICY = ONE :O IS HUNT$ BY ! POLICE4 ,HE SOON BECAME WELL KN[N = HIS PROPAG&A 9 ! CIRCLES ( WORK]S1 UND] HIS REAL ,*RI/IAN NAME ( ,S]<EI1 & CONSEQU5TLY WAS V]Y MU* WANT$ BY ! POLICE2 NOT)/&+ ?AT1 HE TOOK NO PRECAUTIONS :ATEV] TO CONCEAL HIMSELF1 & ,I REMEMB] ?AT ONE DAY HE WAS SEV]ELY SCOLD$ AT ONE ( \R MEET+S = :AT WAS DESCRIB$ AS A GROSS IMPRUD5CE4 ,BE+ LATE = ! MEET+1 AS HE (T5 WAS1 & HAV+ A LONG DI/ANCE TO COV] 9 ORD] TO REA* \R H\SE1 HE1 DRESS$ AS A PEASANT 9 HIS %EEPSK91 RAN ! :OLE L5G? ( A GREAT MA9 ?OR\<F>E AT FULL SPE$ 9 ! MIDDLE ( ! /REET4 0,H[ C\LD Y\ DO IT80 HE WAS REPROA*FULLY ASK$4 0,Y\ MI<T HAVE >\S$ SUSPICION & HAVE BE5 >RE/$ AS A COMMON ?IEF40 ,BUT ,I WI% ?AT EV]Y ONE HAD BE5 AS CAUTI\S AS HE WAS 9 AFFAIRS :]E O!R PEOPLE C\LD BE COMPROMIS$4 

,WE MADE \R FIR/ 9TIMATE ACQUA9TANCE OV] ,/ANLEY'S BOOK1 0,H[ ,I ,DISCOV]$ ,LIV+/ONE40 ,ONE NI<T \R MEET+ HAD LA/$ TILL TWELVE1 & AS WE W]E AB\T TO LEAVE1 ONE ( ! ,KORNIL(FS 5T]$ ) A BOOK 9 H] H&1 & ASK$ :O AMONG US C\LD UND]TAKE TO TRANSLATE BY ! NEXT MORN+ AT EI<T O'CLOCK SIXTE5 PR9T$ PAGES ( ,/ANLEY'S BOOK4 ,I LOOK$ AT ! SIZE ( ! PAGES1 & SAID ?AT IF SOMEBODY W\LD HELP ME1 ! WORK C\LD BE DONE DUR+ ! NI<T4 ,S]<EI VOLUNTE]$1 & BY F\R O'CLOCK ! SIXTE5 PAGES W]E DONE4 ,WE READ TO EA* O!R \R TRANSLATIONS1 ONE ( US FOLL[+ ! ,5GLI% TEXT2 !N WE EMPTI$ A ,J> ( ,RUSSIAN PORRIDGE :I* HAD BE5 LEFT ON ! TABLE = US1 & W5T \T TOGE!R TO RETURN HOME4 ,WE BECAME CLOSE FRI5DS FROM ?AT NI<T4 

,I HAVE ALWAYS LIK$ PEOPLE CAPABLE ( WORK+1 & DO+ !IR WORK PROP]LY4 ,SO ,S]<EI'S TRANSLATION & HIS CAPACITY ( WORK+ RAPIDLY HAD ALREADY 9FLU5C$ ME 9 HIS FAVOR4 ,BUT :5 ,I CAME TO KN[ MORE ( HIM1 ,I FELT REAL LOVE = HIS HONE/1 FRANK NATURE1 = HIS Y\?FUL 5]GY & GOOD S5SE1 = HIS SUP]IOR 9TELLIG5CE1 SIMPLICITY1 & TRU?FULNESS1 & = HIS C\RAGE & T5ACITY4 ,HE HAD READ & ?\<T A GREAT DEAL1 & UPON ! REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT] ( ! /RUGGLE :I* HE HAD UND]TAK51 IT APPE>$ WE HAD SIMIL> VIEWS4 ,HE WAS T5 YE>S Y\NG] ?AN ,I WAS1 & P]HAPS DID NOT QUITE REALIZE :AT A H>D CONTE/ ! COM+ REVOLUTION W\LD BE4 ,HE TOLD US LAT] ON1 ) MU* HUMOR1 H[ HE ONCE WORK$ AMONG ! PEASANTS 9 ! C\NTRY4 0,ONE DAY10 HE SAID1 0,I WAS WALK+ ALONG ! ROAD ) A COMRADE1 :5 WE W]E OV]TAK5 BY A PEASANT 9 A SLEI<4 ,I BEGAN TO TELL ! PEASANT ?AT HE MU/ NOT PAY TAXES1 ?AT ! FUNCTION>IES PLUND] ! PEOPLE1 & ,I TRI$ TO CONV9CE HIM BY QUOTATIONS FROM ! ,BIBLE ?AT !Y MU/ REVOLT4 ,! PEASANT :IPP$ UP HIS HORSE1 BUT WE FOLL[$ RAPIDLY2 HE MADE HIS HORSE TROT1 & WE BEGAN TO TROT BEH9D HIM2 ALL ! TIME ,I CONT9U$ TO TALK TO HIM AB\T TAXES & REVOLT4 ,F9ALLY HE MADE HIS HORSE GALLOP2 BUT ! ANIMAL WAS NOT WOR? MU*1--AN UND]F$ PEASANT PONY1--SO MY COMRADE & ,I DID NOT FALL BEH9D1 BUT KEPT UP \R PROPAG&A TILL WE W]E QUITE \T ( BREA?40 

,= SOME TIME ,S]<EI /AY$ 9 ,KAZAN1 & ,I HAD TO CORRESPOND ) HIM4 ,HE ALWAYS HAT$ WRIT+ LETT]S 9 CIPH]1 SO ,I PROPOS$ A MEANS ( CORRESPOND5CE :I* HAD (T5 BE5 US$ BE=E 9 CONSPIRACIES4 ,Y\ WRITE AN ORD9>Y LETT] AB\T ALL SORTS ( ?+S1 BUT 9 ?IS LETT] IT IS ONLY C]TA9 WORDS--LET US SAY EV]Y FIF? WORD--:I* HAS A S5SE4 ,Y\ WRITE1 = 9/ANCE3 0,EXCUSE MY HURRI$ LETT]4 ,COME TO-NI<T TO SEE ME2 TO-MORR[ ,I %ALL GO AWAY TO MY SI/]4 ,MY BRO!R ,NI*OLAS IS WORSE2 IT WAS LATE TO P]=M AN OP]ATION40 ,READ+ EA* FIF? WORD1 Y\ F9D1 0,COME TO-MORR[ TO ,NI*OLAS1 LATE40 ,WE HAD TO WRITE LETT]S ( SIX OR SEV5 PAGES TO TRANSMIT ONE PAGE ( 9=MATION1 & WE HAD TO CULTIVATE \R IMAG9ATION 9 ORD] TO FILL ! LETT]S ) ALL SORTS ( ?+S BY WAY ( 9TRODUC+ ! WORDS ?AT W]E REQUIR$4 ,S]<EI1 FROM :OM IT WAS IMPOSSIBLE TO OBTA9 A CIPH] LETT]1 TOOK TO ?IS K9D ( CORRESPOND5CE1 & US$ TO S5D ME LETT]S CONTA9+ /ORIES ) ?RILL+ 9CID5TS & DRAMATIC 5D+S4 ,HE SAID TO ME AFT]W>DS ?AT ?IS CORRESPOND5CE HELP$ TO DEVELOP HIS LIT]>Y TAL5T4 ,:5 ONE HAS TAL5T1 EV]Y?+ CONTRIBUTES TO ITS DEVELOPM5T4 

,9 ,JANU>Y OR ,FEBRU>Y1 #a#h#g#d1 ,I WAS AT ,MOSC[1 9 ONE ( ! H\SES 9 :I* ,I HAD SP5T MY *ILDHOOD4 ,E>LY 9 ! MORN+ ,I WAS TOLD ?AT A PEASANT DESIR$ TO SEE ME4 ,I W5T \T & F\ND IT WAS ,S]<EI1 :O HAD JU/ ESCAP$ FROM ,TV]4 ,HE WAS /RONGLY BUILT1 & HE & ANO!R EX-(FIC]1 ,ROGA*(F1 5D[$ ) EQUAL PHYSICAL =CE1 W5T TRAVEL+ AB\T ! C\NTRY AS LUMB] SAWY]S4 ,! WORK WAS V]Y H>D1 ESPECIALLY = 9EXP]I5C$ H&S1 BUT BO? ( !M LIK$ IT2 & NO ONE W\LD HAVE ?\<T TO LOOK = DISGUIS$ (FIC]S 9 !SE TWO /RONG SAWY]S4 ,!Y W&]$ 9 ?IS CAPACITY = AB\T A =TNI<T )\T >\S+ SUSPICION1 & MADE REVOLUTION>Y PROPAG&A RI<T & LEFT )\T FE>4 ,SOMETIMES ,S]<EI1 :O KNEW ! ,NEW ,TE/AM5T ALMO/ BY HE>T1 SPOKE TO ! PEASANTS AS A RELIGI\S PREA*]1 PROV+ TO !M BY QUOTATIONS FROM ! ,BIBLE ?AT !Y \<T TO />T A REVOLUTION4 ,SOMETIMES HE =M$ HIS >GUM5TS ( QUOTATIONS FROM ! ECONOMI/S4 ,! PEASANTS LI/5$ TO ! TWO M5 AS TO REAL APO/LES1 TOOK !M FROM ONE H\SE TO ANO!R1 & REFUS$ TO BE PAID = FOOD4 ,9 A =TNI<T !Y HAD PRODUC$ QUITE A /IR 9 A NUMB] ( VILLAGES4 ,!IR FAME WAS SPREAD+ F> & WIDE4 ,! PEASANTS1 Y\NG & OLD1 BEGAN TO :ISP] TO ONE ANO!R 9 ! B>NS AB\T ! 0DELEGATES20 !Y BEGAN TO SPEAK \T MORE L\DLY ?AN !Y USUALLY DID ?AT ! L& W\LD SOON BE TAK5 FROM ! L&LORDS1 :O W\LD RECEIVE P5SIONS FROM ! ,CZ>4 ,! Y\NG] PEOPLE BECAME MORE AGGRESSIVE T[>D ! POLICE (FIC]S1 SAY+3 0,WAIT A LITTLE2 \R TURN WILL SOON COME2 Y\ ,H]ODS WILL NOT RULE LONG N[40 ,BUT ! FAME ( ! SAWY]S REA*$ ! E>S ( ONE ( ! POLICE AU?ORITIES1 & !Y W]E >RE/$4 ,AN ORD] WAS GIV5 TO TAKE !M TO ! NEXT POLICE (FICIAL1 T5 MILES AWAY4 

,!Y W]E TAK5 UND] ! GU>D ( SEV]AL PEASANTS1 & ON !IR WAY HAD TO PASS ?R\< A VILLAGE :I* WAS HOLD+ ITS FE/IVAL4 0,PRISON]S8 ,ALL RI<T6 ,COME ON H]E1 MY UNCLE10 SAID ! PEASANTS1 :O W]E ALL DR9K+ 9 HONOR ( ! OCCASION4 ,!Y W]E KEPT NE>LY ! :OLE DAY 9 ?AT VILLAGE1 ! PEASANTS TAK+ !M FROM ONE H\SE TO ANO!R1 & TREAT+ !M TO HOME-MADE BE]4 ,! GU>DS DID NOT HAVE TO BE ASK$ TWICE4 ,!Y DRANK1 & 9SI/$ ?AT ! PRISON]S %\LD DR9K1 TOO4 0,HAPPILY10 ,S]<EI SAID1 0!Y PASS$ R\ND ! BE] 9 SU* L>GE WOOD5 B[LS ?AT ,I C\LD PUT MY M\? TO ! RIM ( ! B[L AS IF ,I W]E DR9K+1 BUT NO ONE C\LD SEE H[ MU* BE] ,I HAD IMBIB$40 ,! GU>DS W]E ALL DRUNK T[>D NI<T1 & PREF]R$ NOT TO APPE> 9 ?IS /ATE BE=E ! POLICE (FIC]1 SO !Y DECID$ TO /AY 9 ! VILLAGE TILL MORN+4 ,S]<EI KEPT TALK+ TO !M2 & ALL LI/5$ TO HIM1 REGRETT+ ?AT SU* A GOOD MAN HAD BE5 CAU<T4 ,AS !Y W]E GO+ TO SLEEP1 A Y\NG PEASANT :ISP]$ TO ,S]<EI1 0,:5 ,I GO TO %UT ! GATE1 ,I WILL LEAVE IT UNBOLT$40 ,S]<EI & HIS COMRADE UND]/OOD ! H9T1 & AS SOON AS ALL FELL ASLEEP1 !Y W5T \T 9TO ! /REET4 ,!Y />T$ AT A FA/ PACE1 & AT FIVE O'CLOCK 9 ! MORN+ W]E TW5TY MILES AWAY FROM ! VILLAGE1 AT A SMALL RAILWAY /ATION1 :]E !Y TOOK ! FIR/ TRA91 & W5T TO ,MOSC[4 ,S]<EI REMA9$ !RE1 & LAT]1 :5 ALL ( US AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG HAD BE5 >RE/$1 ! ,MOSC[ CIRCLE1 UND] HIS & ,VO9>ALSKY'S 9SPIRATION1 BECAME ! MA9 C5T] ( ! AGITATION4 

,H]E & !RE1 SMALL GR\PS ( PROPAG&I/S HAD SETTL$ 9 T[NS & VILLAGES 9 V>I\S CAPACITIES4 ,BLACKSMI?S' %OPS & SMALL F>MS HAD BE5 />T$1 & Y\NG M5 ( ! WEAL?I] CLASSES WORK$ 9 ! %OPS OR ON ! F>MS1 TO BE 9 DAILY CONTACT ) ! TOIL+ MASSES4 ,AT ,MOSC[1 A NUMB] ( Y\NG GIRLS1 ( RI* FAMILIES1 :O HAD /UDI$ AT ! ,ZURI* ,UNIV]SITY & HAD />T$ A SEP>ATE ORGANIZATION1 W5T EV5 SO F> AS TO 5T] COTTON FACTORIES1 :]E !Y WORK$ FROM F\RTE5 TO SIXTE5 H\RS A DAY1 & LIV$ 9 ! FACTORY B>RACKS ! MIS]ABLE LIFE ( ! ,RUSSIAN FACTORY GIRLS4 ,IT WAS A GR& MOVEM5T1 9 :I*1 AT ! L[E/ E/IMATE1 FROM TWO TO ?REE ?\S& P]SONS TOOK AN ACTIVE P>T1 :ILE TWICE OR ?RICE AS MANY SYMPA?IZ]S & SUPPORT]S HELP$ ! ACTIVE VANGU>D 9 V>I\S WAYS4 ,) A GOOD HALF ( ?AT >MY \R ,/4 ,PET]SBURG CIRCLE WAS 9 REGUL> CORRESPOND5CE1--ALWAYS1 ( C\RSE1 9 CIPH]4 

,! LIT]ATURE :I* C\LD BE PUBLI%$ 9 ,RUSSIA UND] A RIGOR\S C5SOR%IP--! FA9TE/ H9T ( SOCIALISM BE+ PROHIBIT$--WAS SOON F\ND 9SUFFICI5T1 & WE />T$ A PR9T+-(FICE ( \R [N ABROAD4 ,PAMPHLETS = ! WORK]S & ! PEASANTS HAD TO BE WRITT51 & \R SMALL 0LIT]>Y COMMITTEE10 ( :I* ,I WAS A MEMB]1 HAD ITS H&S FULL ( WORK4 ,S]<EI WROTE TWO SU* PAMPHLETS ONE 9 ! ,LAM5NAIS /YLE & ANO!R CONTA9+ AN EXPOSITION ( SOCIALISM 9 A FAIRY TALE1 & BO? HAD A WIDE CIRCULATION4 ,! BOOKS & PAMPHLETS :I* W]E PR9T$ ABROAD W]E SMUGGL$ 9TO ,RUSSIA BY ?\S&S1 /OR$ AT C]TA9 SPOTS1 & S5T \T TO ! LOCAL CIRCLES1 :I* DI/RIBUT$ !M AMONG ! PEASANTS & ! WORK]S4 ,ALL ?IS REQUIR$ A VA/ ORGANIZATION AS WELL AS MU* TRAVEL+ AB\T1 & A COLOSSAL CORRESPOND5CE1 P>TICUL>LY = PROTECT+ \R HELP]S & \R BOOK/ORES FROM ! POLICE4 ,WE HAD SPECIAL CIPH]S = DIFF]5T PROV9CIAL CIRCLES1 & (T51 AFT] SIX OR SEV5 H\RS HAD BE5 PASS$ 9 DISCUSS+ ALL DETAILS1 ! WOM51 :O DID NOT TRU/ TO \R ACCURACY 9 ! CIPH] CORRESPOND5CE SP5T ALL ! NI<T 9 COV]+ %EETS ( PAP] ) CABALI/IC FIGURES & FRACTIONS4 

,! UTMO/ CORDIALITY ALWAYS PREVAIL$ AT \R MEET+S4 ,*AIRM5 & ALL SORTS ( =MALISM >E SO UTT]LY REPUGNANT TO ! ,RUSSIAN M9D ?AT WE HAD NONE2 & AL?\< \R DEBATES W]E SOMETIMES EXTREMELY HOT1 ESPECIALLY :5 0PROGRAM QUE/IONS0 W]E UND] DISCUSSION1 WE ALWAYS MANAG$ V]Y WELL )\T RESORT+ TO ,WE/]N =MALITIES4 ,AN ABSOLUTE S9C]ITY1 A G5]AL DESIRE TO SETTLE ! DIFFICULTIES = ! BE/1 & A FRANKLY EXPRESS$ CONTEMPT = ALL ?AT 9 ! LEA/ DEGREE APPROA*$ !ATRICAL AFFECTATION W]E QUITE SUFFICI5T4 ,IF ANY ONE ( US HAD V5TUR$ TO ATTEMPT ORATORICAL EFFECTS BY A SPEE*1 FRI5DLY JOKES W\LD HAVE %[N HIM AT ONCE ?AT SPEE*-MAK+ WAS \T ( PLACE4 ,(T5 WE HAD TO TAKE \R MEALS DUR+ !SE MEET+S1 & !Y 9V>IABLY CONSI/$ ( RYE BREAD1 ) CUCUMB]S1 A BIT ( *EESE1 & PL5TY ( WEAK TEA TO QU5* ! ?IR/4 ,NOT ?AT MONEY WAS LACK+2 !RE WAS ALWAYS 5\<1 & YET !RE WAS NEV] TOO MU* TO COV] ! /EADILY GR[+ EXP5SES = PR9T+1 TRANSPORTATION ( BOOKS1 CONCEAL+ FRI5DS WANT$ BY ! POLICE1 & />T+ NEW 5T]PRISES4 

,AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E WE HAD WIDE ACQUA9TANCE AMONG ! WORK]S4 ,S]DUK(F1 A Y\NG MAN ( SPL5DID $UCATION1 HAD MADE A NUMB] ( FRI5DS AMONG ! 5G9E]S1 MO/ ( !M EMPLOY$ 9 A /ATE FACTORY ( ! >TILL]Y DEP>TM5T1 & HE HAD ORGANIZ$ A CIRCLE ( AB\T ?IRTY MEMB]S1 :I* US$ TO MEET = READ+ & DISCUSSION4 ,! 5G9E]S >E PRETTY WELL PAID AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 & ?OSE :O W]E NOT M>RI$ W]E FAIRLY WELL (F4 ,!Y SOON BECAME QUITE FAMILI> ) ! CURR5T RADICAL & SOCIALI/ LIT]ATURE1--,BUCKLE1 ,LASSALLE1 ,MILL1 ,DRAP]1 ,SPIELHAG51 W]E FAMILI> ,DAMES TO !M2 & 9 !IR ASPECT !SE 5G9E]S DIFF]$ LITTLE FROM /UD5TS4 ,:5 ,KELNITZ1 ,S]<EI1 & ,I JO9$ ! CIRCLE1 WE FREQU5TLY VISIT$ !IR GR\P1 & GAVE !M 9=MAL LECTURES UPON ALL SORTS ( ?+S4 ,\R HOPES1 H[EV]1 ?AT !SE Y\NG M5 W\LD GR[ 9TO >D5T PROPAG&I/S AMID LESS PRIVILEG$ CLASSES ( WORK]S W]E NOT FULLY REALIZ$4 ,9 A FREE C\NTRY !Y W\LD HAVE BE5 ! HABITUAL SPEAK]S AT PUBLIC MEET+S2 BUT1 LIKE ! PRIVILEG$ WORK]S ( ! WAT* TRADE 9 ,G5EVA1 !Y TREAT$ ! MASS ( ! FACTORY H&S ) A SORT ( CONTEMPT1 & W]E 9 NO HA/E TO BECOME M>TYRS TO ! SOCIALI/ CAUSE4 ,IT WAS ONLY AFT] !Y HAD BE5 >RE/$ & KEPT ?REE OR F\R YE>S 9 PRISON = HAV+ D>$ TO ?9K AS SOCIALI/S1 & HAD S\ND$ ! FULL DEP? ( ,RUSSIAN ABSOLUTISM1 ?AT SEV]AL ( !M DEVELOP$ 9TO >D5T PROPAG&I/S1 *IEFLY ( A POLITICAL REVOLUTION4 

,MY SYMPA?IES W5T ESPECIALLY T[>D ! WEAV]S & ! WORK]S 9 ! COTTON FACTORIES4 ,!RE >E MANY ?\S&S ( !M AT ,/4 ,PET]SBURG1 :O WORK !RE DUR+ ! W9T]1 & RETURN = ! ?REE SUMM] MON?S TO !IR NATIVE VILLAGES TO CULTIVATE ! L&4 ,HALF PEASANTS & HALF T[N WORK]S1 !Y HAD G5]ALLY RETA9$ ! SOCIAL SPIRIT ( ! ,RUSSIAN VILLAG]4 ,! MOVEM5T SPREAD LIKE WILDFIRE AMONG !M4 ,WE HAD TO RE/RA9 ! ZEAL ( \R NEW FRI5DS2 O!RWISE !Y W\LD HAVE BR\<T TO \R LODG+S HUNDR$S AT A TIME1 Y\NG & OLD4 ,MO/ ( !M LIV$ 9 SMALL ASSOCIATIONS1 OR >TELS1 T5 OR TWELVE P]SONS HIR+ A COMMON AP>TM5T & TAK+ !IR MEALS TOGE!R1 EA* ONE PAY+ EV]Y MON? HIS %>E ( ! G5]AL EXP5SES4 ,IT WAS TO !SE LODG+S ?AT WE US$ TO GO1 & ! WEAV]S SOON BR\<T US 9 CONTACT ) O!R >TELS1 ( /ONE-MASONS1 C>P5T]S1 & ! LIKE4 ,9 SOME ( !SE >TELS ,S]<EI1 ,KELNITZ1 & TWO MORE ( \R FRI5DS W]E QUITE AT HOME1 & SP5T :OLE NI<TS TALK+ AB\T SOCIALISM4 ,BESIDES1 WE HAD 9 DIFF]5T P>TS ( ,/4 ,PET]SBURG SPECIAL AP>TM5TS1 KEPT BY SOME ( \R PEOPLE1 TO :I* T5 OR TWELVE WORK]S W\LD COME EV]Y NI<T1 TO LE>N READ+ & WRIT+1 & AFT] ?AT TO HAVE A TALK4 ,FROM TIME TO TIME ONE ( US W5T TO ! NATIVE VILLAGES ( \R T[N FRI5DS1 & SP5T A C\PLE ( WEEKS 9 ALMO/ OP5 PROPAG&A AMONG ! PEASANTS4 

,( C\RSE1 ALL ( US :O HAD TO DEAL ) ?IS CLASS ( WORK]S HAD TO DRESS LIKE ! WORK]S !MSELVES2 ?AT IS1 TO WE> ! PEASANT G>B4 ,! GAP BETWE5 ! PEASANTS & ! $UCAT$ PEOPLE IS SO GREAT 9 ,RUSSIA1 & CONTACT BETWE5 !M IS SO R>E1 ?AT NOT ONLY DOES ! APPE>ANCE 9 A VILLAGE ( A MAN :O WE>S ! T[N DRESS AWAK5 G5]AL ATT5TION1 BUT EV5 9 T[N1 IF ONE :OSE TALK & DRESS REVEAL ?AT HE IS NOT A WORK] IS SE5 TO GO AB\T ) WORK]S1 ! SUSPICION ( ! POLICE IS >\S$ AT ONCE4 0,:Y %\LD HE GO AB\T ) 'L[ PEOPLE1' IF HE HAS NOT A BAD 9T5TION80 ,(T51 AFT] A D9N] 9 A RI* MANSION1 OR EV5 9 ! ,W9T] ,PALACE1 :]E ,I W5T FREQU5TLY TO SEE A FRI5D1 ,I TOOK A CAB1 HURRI$ TO A POOR /UD5T'S LODG+ 9 A REMOTE SUBURB1 EX*ANG$ MY F9E CLO!S = A COTTON %IRT1 PEASANT TOP-BOOTS1 & A %EEPSK91 &1 JOK+ ) PEASANTS ON ! WAY1 W5T TO MEET MY WORK] FRI5DS 9 SOME SLUM4 ,I TOLD !M :AT ,I HAD SE5 ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T ABROAD4 ,!Y LI/5$ EAG]LY2 !Y LO/ NOT A WORD ( :AT WAS SAID2 & !N CAME ! QUE/ION1 0,:AT CAN WE DO 9 ,RUSSIA80 0,AGITATE1 ORGANIZE10 WAS \R REPLY2 0!RE IS NO ROYAL ROAD20 & WE READ !M A POPUL> /ORY ( ! ,FR5* ,REVOLUTION1 AN ADAPTATION ( ,]CKMANN-,*ATRIAN'S ADMIRABLE 0,HI/OIRE D'UN ,PAYSAN40 ,EV]Y ONE ADMIR$ ,M4 ,*OVEL1 :O W5T AS A PROPAG&I/ ?R\< ! VILLAGES1 DI/RIBUT+ PROHIBIT$ BOOKS1 & ALL BURN$ TO FOLL[ 9 HIS FOOT/EPS4 0,SPEAK TO O!RS10 WE SAID2 0BR+ M5 TOGE!R2 & :5 WE BECOME MORE NUM]\S1 WE %ALL SEE :AT WE CAN ATTA940 ,!Y FULLY UND]/OOD1 & WE HAD ONLY TO MOD]ATE !IR ZEAL4 

,AMONG !M ,I PASS$ MY HAPPIE/ H\RS4 ,NEW ,YE>'S ,DAY ( #a#h#g#d1 ! LA/ ,I SP5T 9 ,RUSSIA AT LIB]TY1 IS ESPECIALLY MEMORABLE TO ME4 ,! PREVI\S EV5+ ,I HAD BE5 9 A *OICE COMPANY4 ,9SPIR+1 NOBLE WORDS W]E SPOK5 ?AT NI<T AB\T ! CITIZ5'S DUTIES1 ! WELL-BE+ ( ! C\NTRY1 & ! LIKE4 ,BUT UND]NEA? ALL ! ?RILL+ SPEE*ES ONE NOTE S\ND$3 ,H[ C\LD EA* ( ! SPEAK]S PRES]VE HIS [N P]SONAL WELL-BE+8 ,YET NO ONE HAD ! C\RAGE TO SAY1 FRANKLY & OP5LY1 ?AT HE WAS READY TO DO ONLY ?AT :I* W\LD NOT 5DANG] HIS [N DOVECOTE4 ,SOPHISMS--NO 5D ( SOPHISMS--AB\T ! SL[NESS ( EVOLUTION1 ! 9]TIA ( ! L[] CLASSES1 ! USELESSNESS ( SACRIFICE1 W]E UTT]$ TO JU/IFY ! UNSPOK5 WORDS1 ALL 9T]M+L$ ) ASSURANCES ( EA* ONE'S WILL+NESS TO MAKE SACRIFICES4 ,I RETURN$ HOME1 SEIZ$ SUDD5LY ) PR(\ND SADNESS AMID ALL ?IS TALK4 

,NEXT MORN+ ,I W5T TO ONE ( \R WEAV]S' MEET+S4 ,IT TOOK PLACE 9 AN UND]GR\ND D>K ROOM4 ,I WAS DRESS$ AS A PEASANT1 & WAS LO/ 9 ! CR[D ( O!R %EEPSK9S4 ,MY COMRADE1 :O WAS KN[N TO ! WORK]S1 SIMPLY 9TRODUC$ ME3 0,BOROD91 A FRI5D40 0,TELL US1 ,BOROD910 HE SAID1 0:AT Y\ HAVE SE5 ABROAD40 ,& ,I SPOKE ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ITS /RUGGLES1 ITS DIFFICULTIES1 & ITS HOPES4 

,! AUDI5CE CONSI/$ MO/LY ( MIDDLE-AG$ PEOPLE4 ,!Y W]E 9T5SELY 9T]E/$4 ,!Y ASK$ ME QUE/IONS1 ALL TO ! PO9T1 AB\T ! M9UTE DETAILS ( ! WORK+M5'S UNIONS1 ! AIMS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION & ITS *ANCES ( SUCCESS4 ,& !N CAME QUE/IONS AB\T :AT C\LD BE DONE 9 ,RUSSIA & ! PROSPECTS ( \R PROPAG&A4 ,I NEV] M9IMIZ$ ! DANG]S ( \R AGITATION1 & FRANKLY SAID :AT ,I ?\<T4 0,WE %ALL PROBABLY BE S5T TO ,SIB]IA1 ONE ( !SE DAYS2 & Y\--P>T ( Y\--WILL BE KEPT LONG MON?S 9 PRISON = HAV+ LI/5$ TO US40 ,?IS GLOOMY PROSPECT DID NOT FRI<T5 !M4 0,AFT] ALL1 !RE >E M5 9 ,SIB]IA1 TOO1--NOT BE>S ONLY40 0,:]E M5 >E LIV+ O!RS CAN LIVE40 0,! DEVIL IS NOT SO T]RIBLE AS !Y PA9T HIM40 0,IF Y\ >E AFRAID ( WOLVES1 NEV] GO 9TO ! WOOD10 !Y SAID1 AS WE P>T$4 ,& :51 AFT]W>DS1 SEV]AL ( !M W]E >RE/$1 !Y NE>LY ALL BEHAV$ BRAVELY1 %ELT]+ US & BETRAY+ NO ONE4 

7,S\RCE3 ,MEMOIRS ( A ,REVOLUTIONI/1 ,FIR/ ,$ITION1 ,H\<TON ,MIFFL9 ,COMPANY1 ,BO/ON & ,NEW ,YORK1 #a#h#i#i47 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahih 3 ,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #ae -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#a1 #bag 3 ,P>T #d3 ,/4 ,PET]SBURG2 ,FIR/ ,J\RNEY TO ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 ,SECTION #ae -- ,ADD$4 

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