,MASS ,ACTION 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG 

,TEXT 3 

,WRITT53 ,AUGU/ #aiaa 9 ,LEIPZIG4 
,S\RCE3 ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 ,GESAMMELTE ,W]KE1 ,VOL4#c4 
,PUBLI%]3 ,DIETZ1 ,B]L9 #a#i#g#c1 #d? $ITION4 
,FIR/ ,PUBLI%$3 ,LEIPZIG] ,VOLKSZEITUNG1 ,NO4#a#i#i1 #b#i? ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#a4 
,TRANSLAT$3 ,DAVE ,HOLLIS4 
,ONL9E ,V]SION3 MEA #a#i#i#d2 M>XI/S4ORG #a#i#i#i4 
,TRANSCRIPTION3 ,DAVE ,HOLLIS_/,BRIAN ,BAGG9S4 

,9TRODUCTION 

,?IS IS ONE ( MANY >TICLES ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WROTE ON & >\ND ! QUE/ION ( ! ',AGADIR 9CID5T'4 

,?IS 9CID5T WAS SP>K$ (F BY ,G]MANY'S ATTEMPT TO SPREAD H] 9FLU5CE OV] ! :OLE ( ,MOROCCO4 ,9 VIEW ( ! POSSIBILITIES ( A W> BREAK+ \T ON ?IS ISSUE1 ! ,FR5* ,SOCIALI/S TOOK ?IS 9CID5T AS GR\NDS = WANT+ AN 9T]NATIONAL DEMON/RATION = ,SOCIALISM4 ,! ,FR5* REQUE/$ A MEET+ ?R\< ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,BUREAU ( ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS ( ?OSE C\NTRIES 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS 9CID5T1 ,FRANCE1 ,SPA91 ! ,U,K & ,G]MANY4 ,) ! EXCEPTION ( ,G]MANY1 ALL P>TICIPANTS W]E 9 AGREEM5T4 ,A FULL TIME SECRET>Y ( ! ,S,P,D P>TY EXECUTIVE1 ,H]MANN ,MOLK5BUHR1 9=M$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,BUREAU1 H[EV]1 ?AT ! ,G]MANS DID NOT WANT A CONF]5CE 0= ! TIME BE+04 

,MOLK5BUHR CONSID]$ ! ,MOROCCO 9CID5T TO BE ( NO DANG]4 ,! 9T]E/S ( ! V>I\S ,G]MAN ,/EEL COMPANIES1 ,MANNESMANN ON ! ONE SIDE1 & ,KRUPP & ,?YSS5 9 A ,FR5* M9+ SYNDICATE ON ! O!R1 W\LD LEAD ! CAPITALI/S TO PUTT+ ON ! BRAKES SOON 5\<4 ,FUR!RMORE1 HE CONSID]$ ?AT TAK+ UP ! ISSUE W\LD LEAD TO A DIV]SION FROM ! 9T]NAL ISSUES & !RE=E DAMAGE ! *ANCES ( ! ,S,P,D 9 ! COM+ G5]AL ELECTION4 

,AS WAS (T5 ! CASE1 ! RANK & FILE ( ! ,S,P,D WAS MORE RADICAL ?AN ! LEAD]%IP & SAW ?+S DIFF]5TLY4 ,!Y TOOK UP ! QUE/ION 9 ! RUN UP TO ! ELECTIONS4 ,9 ,B]L9 & 9 ! L>GE CITIES ( ,PRUSSIA ! RANK & FILE HELD PROTE/ MEET+S AGA9/ ! S5D+ ( ! W>%IPS1 ,PAN!R & ,B]L91 TO ,AGADIR4 

,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 AS A MEMB] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SECRET>IAT1 HAD RECEIV$ A COPY ( ,MOLK5BUHR'S LETT]4 ,OBVI\SLY V]Y UNHAPPY ) ITS CONT5T1 %E PUBLI%$ IT ON #b#d? ,JULY #aiaa 9 ! NEWSPAP]1 ,LEIPZIG] ,VOLKSZEITUNG1 ) A WI!R+ CRITICISM FROM H]SELF4 

,! PUBLICATION ( ! LETT] CAUS$ AN UPRO> 9 ! P>TY1 PUBLI%$ 9 ! MIDDLE ( AN 9T]NATIONAL CRISIS & BE=E ! P>TY EXECUTIVE HAD DONE ANY?+1 IT BR\<T ! DISSATISFACTION ) ! P>TY EXECUTIVE TO ! BOIL4 ,?IS REVELATION =C$ ! EXECUTIVE ON #i? ,AUGU/ TO BEG9 ! AGITATION ON ! ,MOROCCO QUE/ION4 ,IT DID NOT1 H[EV]1 PACIFY ! MEMB]%IP4 

,AT ! ,J5A ,CONF]5CE1 ! P>TY EXECUTIVE TRI$ TO MAKE \T ( A ',MOROCCO' AFFAIR A ',LUXEMBURG' AFFAIR1 ACCUS+ H] ( DISLOYALTY & 9DISCRETION4 ,?IS ATTACK BACKFIR$4 ,! C5TRI/S SID$ ) ! 'LEFTS' >\ND ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG & ! P>TY RE=M W5T ?R\<4 ,TWO NEW SECRET>Y PO/S CAME 9TO BE+1 & ! PO/ ( CO*AIRMAN W5T TO A PROM95T LEFT C5TRI/1 ,HUGO ,HAASE1 :O REPLAC$ ! DECEAS$ ,PAUL ,S+]4 

,! >TICLE GIVES US A V]Y 9T]E/+ 9SI<T 9TO ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S VIEWS ON ! QUE/ION ( P>TY ORGANIZATION & H] ATTITUDE TO :AT HAS GONE D[N 9 ! LIT]ATURE AS H] VIEWS ON 'SPONTANEITY'4 ,!SE VIEWS >E NOT ONLY ( HI/ORICAL 9T]E/ BUT ALSO = ! CURR5T DEBATES )9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T1 BO? NATIONALLY & 9T]NATIONALLY4 

,! >TICLE ALSO GIVES A SMALL 9SI<T 9TO ! WORK+S ( ! ,S,P,D4 ,I SUSPECT ?AT IT IS G5]ALLY UNKN[N ?AT ! ,S,P,D WAS QUITE A C5TRALIZ$ P>TY4 ,IT WAS NO ACCID5T1 = 9/ANCE1 ?AT ! ATTEMPTS BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO EXPORT ! ,BOL%EVIK ME?ODS ( ORGANIZATION1 EPITOMIZ$ BY ! #ba ,CONDITIONS = 5TRY 9TO ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 MET ) 5ORM\S RESI/ANCE FROM ?OSE MEMB]S ( ! ,C,P :O /EMM$ FROM ! ,S,P,D4 ,!IR BAD EXP]I5CES ) C5TRALISM L$ TO ! ,K,P,D1 = A FEW YE>S1 BE+ AN EXTREMELY DEMOCRATIC P>TY4 ,BUT ?AT IS ANO!R /ORY6 

,DAVE ,HOLLIS 

,AGA9 ! ,MASSES & ,LEAD]S 

,NEWS IS COM+ 9 FROM ALL SIDES AB\T ! MEET+S & DEMON/RATIONS ORGANIZ$ BY \R P>TY AGA9/ ! =EIGN POLICY & ! ,MOROCCO L9E4 ,! POPUL> MASSES >E ANSW]+ \R APPEAL EV]Y:]E ) ! GREATE/ 5?USIASM1 & ?IS PROVES H[ MU* WE HAVE MET ! FEEL+S & MOOD ( ! MASSES BY GIV+ !M A POLITICAL EXPRESSION1 SOLUTION & DIRECTION4 ,N[ ONLY ONE OP9ION PR$OM9ATES 9 ! :OLE ( ! P>TY1 ?AT A MASS ACTION AGA9/ ! ,MOROCCO AFFAIR & AN 5]GETIC AGITATION 9 ! FIELD ( =EIGN POLICY WAS AN IRREFUTABLE TASK ( ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY & AN URG5T NECESSITY4 

,& N[ ! QUE/ION IMM$IATELY POS$ BY ?IS3 ,:Y WAS ?IS CAMPAIGN NOT BEGUN ONE OR TWO MON?S AGO8 ,! DISPAT* ( ! ,G]MAN GUNBOAT TO ,AGADIR1 ) :I* ,G]MANY (FICIALLY 9T]V5$ 9 ! ,MOROCCO AFFAIR1 TOOK PLACE ON ! #bND ( ,JULY4 ,ALREADY 9 ! FIR/ WEEK ( ,JULY1 ! PROTE/ ( ! ,FR5* & ,SPANI% ,SOCIALI/S WAS 9 FULL SW+4 ,9/EAD ( IMM$IATELY 9ITIAT+ AT ?AT TIME ! AGITATION ) ALL ONE'S MI<T1 WE >E BR++ UP ! RE> & DRAGG+ \RSELVES ALONG 9 ! WAKE ( EV5TS & >E AT LEA/ ONE TO ONE & A HALF MON?S TOO LATE4 ,9 ?IS IMPORTANT CASE \R POLITICAL QUICK-WITT$NESS HAS LEFT A LOT TO BE DESIR$4 ,:Y8 

,ONE WILL ANSW]3 ,! P>TY EXECUTIVE HAS %[$ AN UN=TUNATE LACK ( 9ITIATIVE4 ,ITS CALL = ACTION WAS NOT PUBLI%$ UNTIL ! #i? ( ,AUGU/ & !RE=E ! MEET+S C\LD FIR/ BEG9 9 ! SECOND HALF ( ,AUGU/4 ,TO BE SURE1 BUT MU/ ! P>TY WAIT = ! (FICIAL CALL ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE8 ,IF TODAY EV]YONE 9 ! P>TY )\T EXCEPTION SEES ! NECESSITY = ACTION AGA9/ ! WORLD POLITICS1 CANNOT ! LOCAL P>TY ORGANIZATIONS DO SOME?+ ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE1 LIKE ! ,/UTTG>T COMRADES HAVE DONE8.<#a.> ,IT IS EXTRAORD9>ILY EASY TO PUT ! BLAME ON ! P>TY EXECUTIVE1 :O = !IR P>T MAY REALLY HAVE ACT$ ) A LACK ( DET]M9ATION & 5]GY4 ,H[EV]1 A NO SMALL] P>T ( ! BLAME IS TO BE PUT ON ?OSE :O ALWAYS EXPECT ALL SALVATION FROM ABOVE & EV5 9 SU* CLE> & 9DUBITABLE CASES %Y AWAY FROM A LITTLE SELF-ACTIVITY & P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE4 ,( C\RSE CAMPAIGNS ( ! P>TY ON ?IS SCALE RE QUIRE UNI=MITY & UNITY 9 ORD] TO BE MO/ EFFECTIVE1 :I* CAN BE BE/ BR\<T AB\T FROM A C5T]4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT1 ESPECIALLY ! EXAMPLE ( SEV]AL OLD C5T]S ( ! P>TY MOVEM5T1 :O W\LD R\SE ALL ! REMA9+ LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS1 W\LD C]TA9LY NOT MISS !IR M>K4 ,TO BE SURE1 ALSO ! P>TY EXECUTIVE1 AS LEAD+ C5T]1 W\LD SOON SEE ITSELF =C$ TO G5]ALIZE EV]Y MASSIVE 9ITIATIVE & GOOD BEG9N+ BY MAK+ ITSELF ! M\?PIECE & TOOL ( ! WILL ( ! P>TY1 9/EAD (1 AS N[1 ! O!R WAY R\ND1 ! P>TY EXECUTIVE VIEW+ ! GREAT & P[]FUL P>TY ORGANIZATIONS AS BE+ JU/ AN 9/RUM5T = C>RY+ \T ! 9/RUCTIONS ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE4 

,IT MU/ ALSO BE SAID OP5LY3 ONLY :5 !RE IS A REV]SAL ( ! PRES5T ABNORMAL RELATIONS W\LD LIFE )9 ! P>TY FIR/ /& ON A NORMAL FOOT+4 ,IT IS /AT$ 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O ?AT ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS CAN ONLY BE ! WORK ( ! WORK+ CLASS ITSELF & IT UND]/&S BY ! WORK+ CLASS NOT A P>TY EXECUTIVE ( SEV5 OR TWELVE BUT ! 5LI<T5$ MASS ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 P]SON4 ,EV]Y /EP =W>D 9 ! /RUGGLE = EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS MU/ AT ! SAME TIME MEAN A GR[+ 9TELLECTUAL 9DEP5D5CE ( ITS MASS1 ITS GR[+ SELF-ACTIVITY1 SELF-DET]M9ATION & 9ITIATIVE4 ,H[ %\LD ! CAPABILITY ( ACTION & POLITICAL QUICKWITT$NESS ( ! BROAD POPUL> MASSES DEVELOP IF ! VANGU>D ( !SE MASSES1 ! BE/ & MO/ 5LI<T5$ SECTIONS UNIT$ 9 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY ORGANIZATIONS1 EXHIBIT = !IR P>T NO 9ITIATIVE & 9DEP5D5CE AS MASSES1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ALWAYS BE AT ! READY UNTIL A COMM& IS ISSU$ FROM ABOVE8 ,DISCIPL9E & UNITY ( ACTION IS A VITAL MATT] = MASS MOVEM5TS LIKE \RS4 

,H[EV]1 DISCIPL9E 9 ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC S5SE DIFF]S FUNDAM5TALLY FROM ! DISCIPL9E ( ! B\RGEOIS >M$ =CES4 ,!RE IT IS BAS$ ON ! UN?9K+ & SUBMISSIVE SUBORD9ATION ( ! BULK ( ! SOLDI]S TO ! COMM& ( AU?ORITY EXPRESS+ AN \TSIDE WILL4 ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC DISCIPL9E CAN ONLY MEAN ! SUBORD9ATION ( EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL TO ! WILL & ! ?\<T ( ! GREAT MAJORITY4 ,!RE=E ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC DISCIPL9E CAN NEV] MEAN ?AT EI<T HUNDR$ ?\S& ORGANIZ$ P>TY MEMB]S HAVE TO B[ TO ! WILL & REGULATIONS ( A C5TRAL AU?ORITY ( A P>TY EXECUTIVE BUT ! OPPOSITE1 ALL C5TRAL ORGANS ( ! P>TY HAV+ TO C>RY \T ! WILL ( ! EI<T HUNDR$ ?\S& ORGANIZ$ SOCIAL DEMOCRATS4 ,IMPORTANT = ! NORMAL DEVELOPM5T ( ! POLITICAL LIFE 9 ! P>TY1 A VITAL MATT] = ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRACY1 IS !RE=E BAS$ ON ALWAYS KEEP+ ! POLITICAL ?\<T & ! WILL ( ! MASS ( ! P>TY AWAKE & ACTIVE1 & ?US 5ABL+ !M 9 9CREAS+ MEASURE TO BE ACTIVE4 ,WE HAVE1 ( C\RSE1 ! YE>LY P>TY CONF]5CE AS HI<E/ 9/ANCE :I* REGUL>LY FIXES ! WILL ( ! :OLE P>TY4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ! P>TY CONF]5CES CAN ONLY GIVE G5]AL \TL9ES ( ! TACTICS = ! ,SOCIAL-,DEMOCRATIC /RUGGLE4 ,! APPLICATION ( !SE GUIDEL9ES 9 PRACTICE REQUIRES A CON/ANT1 UNTIR+ ?\<T1 QUICK-WITT$NESS & 9ITIATIVE4 ,! DECISIONS ( ! P>TY CONF]5CES OBVI\SLY DO NOT 9 ! SLI<TE/ EXHAU/ ! REGUL> TASKS ( ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE1 = LIFE DOES NOT /& /ILL1 & FROM ONE P>TY CONF]5CE TO ! O!R MANY ?+S TAKE PLACE 9 HEAV5 & E>? TO :I* ! P>TY MU/ REACT4 ,TO WANT TO MAKE A P>TY EXECUTIVE RESPONSIBLE = ! :OLE 5ORM\S TASK ( DAILY POLITICAL VIGILANCE & 9ITIATIVE ON :OSE COMM& A P>TY ORGANIZATION ( ALMO/ A MILLION PASSIVELY WAITS1 IS ! MO/ 9 CORRECT ?+ !RE IS FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?AT IS )\T D\BT ?AT REPREH5SIBLE 0BL9D OB$I5CE0 :I* \R OPPORTUNI/S DEF9ITELY WANT TO SEE 9 ! SELF-EVID5T SUBORD9ATION ( ALL TO ! DECISIONS ( ! :OLE P>TY4 

,ONE CAN (T5 HE> 9 \R RANKS COMPLA9TS AB\T ! BUREAUCRATISM ( \R HI<E/ P>TY AU?ORITIES ?AT IS SAID TO BE KILL+ ! LIV+ POLITICAL 5]GY4 ,!SE COMPLA9TS >E ALSO TOTALLY JU/IFI$4 ,JU/ ?OSE :O EXPRESS !M SURELY TAKE LITTLE ACC\NT ( ! FACT ?AT TO A L>GE EXT5T ! LAM5T$ /ATE HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! NATURE ( ?+S4 ,EV]Y BODY ) DAILY (FICIAL (FICE WORK T5DS TO FALL 9TO BUREAUCRATISM & R\T9E4 ,BESIDES1 SU* HI<-RANK+ BODIES NATURALLY HAVE A /RONGLY DEVELOP$ FEEL+ ( RESPONSIBILITY ?AT UNQUE/IONABLY HAS A /RONGLY P>ALYZ+ EFFECT ON 9ITIATIVE & DET]M9ATION4 ,A REAL REM$Y AGA9/ ?IS BAD /ATE ( AFFAIRS IS ONLY ! LIV+ POLITICAL ACTIVITY ( ! 5TIRE P>TY4 ,! MO/ IDEAL P>TY EXECUTIVE ( A P>TY LIKE ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY W\LD BE ! ONE ?AT W\LD FUNCTION AS ! MO/ OB$I5T1 MO/ PROMPT & MO/ PRECISE TOOL ( ! WILL ( ! 5TIRE P>TY4 ,H[EV]1 ! MO/ IDEAL P>TY EXECUTIVE W\LD BE ABLE TO A*IEVE NO?+1 W\LD 9VOLUNT>ILY S9K 9TO BUREAUCRATIC 9EFFICI5CY IF ! NATURAL S\RCE ( ITS 5]GY1 ! WILL ( ! P>TY1 DOES NOT MAKE ITSELF FELT1 IF CRITICAL ?\<T1 ! MASS ( ! P>TY'S [N 9ITIATIVE IS SLEEP+4 ,9 FACT IT IS MORE ?AN ?IS4 ,IF ITS [N 5]GY1 ! 9DEP5D5T 9TELLECTUAL LIFE ( ! MASS ( ! P>TY1 IS NOT ACTIVE 5\<1 !N ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES HAVE ! QUITE NATURAL T5D5CY TO NOT ONLY BUREAUCRATICALLY RU/ BUT ALSO TO GET A TOTALLY WRONG IDEA ( !IR [N (FICIAL AU?ORITY & POSITION ( P[] ) RESPECT TO ! P>TY4 ,! MO/ REC5T SO-CALL$ 0SECRET DECREE0 ( \R P>TY EXECUTIVE TO ! P>TY $ITORIAL /AFFS.<#b.> CAN S]VE AS FRE% PRO(1 AN ATTEMPT TO MAKE DECISIONS = ! P>TY PRESS1 :I* CANNOT BE %>PLY 5\< REJECT$4 ,H[EV]1 ALSO H]E IT IS NECESS>Y TO MAKE CLE>3 ,AGA9/ BO? 9EFFICI5CY & EXCESSIVE ILLUSIONS ( P[] ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITIES ( ! LABOR MOVEM5T !RE IS NO O!R WAY EXCEPT ONE'S [N 9ITIATIVE1 ONE'S [N ?\<T1 & ! [N FRE% PULSAT+ POLITICAL LIFE ( ! BROAD MASS ( ! P>TY4 

,! QUE/IONS T\*$ UPON H]E >E ( MORE ?AN ACADEMIC 9T]E/ 9 ! CURR5T SITUATION4 ,IT HAS BE5 RECOGNIZ$ FROM DIFF]5T SIDES 9 ! P>TY ?AT ! CURR5T /ATE ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE NE$S TO BE IMPROV$1 AN EXT5SION & R5EWAL ( \R HI<E/ P>TY AU?ORITIES IS SE5 TO BE NECESS>Y4 ,REC5TLY \R ,ELB]FELD ORGAN ALSO WROTE LIKE ?AT ON ! OCCASION ( ! ,MOROCCO DEBATE3 

0,AT LEA/ ONE MU/ AGREE ) ! ,LEIPZIG] ,VOLKSZEITUNG ?AT ! P>TY EXECUTIVE %\LD HAVE TAK5 ! 9ITIATIVE = A CAMPAIGN4 

0,WELL1 WE >E ALSO QUITE CONV9C$ AFT] A CLOS] EXAM9ATION ( ! MATT] ?AT ! S9 ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE ( FAIL+ TO DO SOME?+ MU/ BE JUDG$ MORE MILDLY4 ,! ADM9I/RATIVE MA*9]Y ( ! P>TY HAS BECOME SO EXT5SIVE ?AT ! NUMB] ( MEMB]S ( ! P>TY LEAD]%IP IS NO LONG] 5\< TO FULFILL ALL ! REQUIREM5TS ?AT >E TO BE MADE ON IT AS SEEMS NECESS>Y4 ,! GAP LEFT BY ,COMRADE ,S+] HAS NOT BE5 FILL$2 IF WE ADD TO ?IS ! CASE ?AT A MEMB] ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE OR EV5 TWO MAY WELL BE \TSIDE ( ,B]L9 = ! C>RY+ \T ( P>TY BUS9ESS OR = AGITATION1 A FUR!R MEMB] W]E TO BE ILL1 A F\R? & FIF? W]E ON HOLIDAY - C]TA9LY NOBODY W\LD WANT TO D5Y ! V]Y BUSY MEMB]S ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE ?AT - IT CANNOT FAIL TO HAPP5 ?AT A SMALL M9ORITY HAS TO DECIDE ON SUDD5 APPE>+1 IMPORTANT QUE/IONS & ?AT !SE QUE/IONS W\LD HAVE SOMETIMES HAVE BE5 DEALT ) DIFF]5TLY IF ! :OLE ( ! EXECUTIVE HAD GOT TOGE!R4 ,! CONTRADICTION IS ALSO C]TA9LY TO BE EXPLA9$ BY ?IS DILEMMA ?AT ! LETT] ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE.<#c.> IS DESCRIB$ BY ! P>TY (FICE AS BE+ ! PRIVATE OP9ION ( ! LETT] WRIT] :ILE IT WAS NATURALLY RECEIV$ \TSIDE AS A LETT] ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE4 ,! ,J5A P>TY CONF]5CE WILL HAVE TO DECIDE A /R5G!N+ ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE4 ,A MOTION HAS ALREADY BE5 PUT ON ?IS MATT] BY TWO CON/ITU5CIES - ,TETL[-,BEESK[ & ,B]L9 ,I40 

,! VIEW EXPRESS$ H]E ( ! NECESSITY ( /R5G!N+ ! P>TY EXECUTIVE IS P]FECTLY CORRECT & ! P>TY CONF]5CE MU/ NOT BE ALL[$ TO %IRK FROM ITS IMPORTANT TASK 9 ?IS FIELD4 ,IF \R P>TY PACIFIES ITSELF ) ! /R5G!N+ ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE & AGA9 PASSIVELY EXPECTS ALL SALVATION FROM ! 0NEW M501 AS = EXAMPLE IT PASSIVELY WAIT$ ONE & A HALF MON?S = ! CONDUCTOR'S BATON ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE = ! UNFOLD+ ( ! PROTE/ ACTION AGA9/ ! ,MOROCCO AFFAIR1 IT W\LD M]ELY MEAN WANT+ TO COME UP ) PURELY BUREAUCRATIC MEANS AGA9/ ! EVIL ( BUREAUCRATISM4 ,NO P>TY EXECUTIVE 9 ! WORLD CAN REPLACE ! MASS ( ! P>TY'S [N 5]GY1 & AN ORGANIZATION ( A MILLION :I*1 AT A GREAT TIME & 9 ! FACE ( GREAT TASKS1 W\LD WANT TO COMPLA9 ?AT IT DID NOT HAVE ! RI<T LEAD]S W\LD PROVE ITS [N %ORTCOM+S1 BECAUSE IT W\LD PROVE IT HAS NOT UND]/OOD ! HI/ORICAL ESS5CE ITSELF ( ! PROLET>IAN CLASS /RUGGLE ?AT CONSI/S 9 ! PROLET>IAN MASSES NOT NE$+ 0LEAD]S0 9 A B\RGEOIS S5SE1 ?AT !Y >E !MSELVES LEAD]S4 

,FOOTNOTES 

.<#a.> ,ON #a#e? ,JULY #a#i#a#a1 A PROTE/ GA!R+ TOOK PLACE 9 ,/UTTG>T AT :I* ,K>L ,LIEBKNE*T WAS ! MOV] ( A RESOLUTION AGA9/ ,G]MAN IMP]IALISM'S ,MOROCCO POLICIES1 :I* WAS UNANIM\SLY ADOPT$4 

.<#b.> ,ON #h? ,AUGU/ #a#i#a#a1 ! ,S,P,D P>TY EXECUTIVE WROTE A CONFID5TIAL CIRCUL> TO ! $ITORIAL BO>DS ( ! P>TY PRESS TO TRY TO /OP !M PUBLI%+ CRITICISMS ( ! LEAD+ TRADE UNION BODIES & >TICLES ON DIFF]5CES 9 ! BOOK PR9T]S' UNION ?AT HAD BE5 CAUS$ BY ANTI-WORK] DECISIONS ( !IR EXECUTIVE4 ,! P>TY MEMB]%IP F\ND \T AB\T ! CIRCUL> ?R\< A B\RGEOIS PAP] 9 ,SAXONY 9TO :OSE H&S ! CIRCUL> HAD FALL54 ,! CONT5TS ( ! CIRCUL> L$ TO A CONSID]ABLE AM\NT ( DISPLEASURE 9 ! P>TY OV] ! ACTIONS ( ! P>TY EXECUTIVE4 

#c.> ,! PAP] IS REF]+ TO ,MOLK5BUHR'S LETT]4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #f1 #bba 3 ,MASS ,ACTION -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #i1 #bbb 3 ,MASS ,ACTION -- ,UPDAT$4 

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