,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #d 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,C>L ,LEVY 

,TEXT 3 

,I,V 

#a#g4 ,AN>*I/S & ! ,WORK+ ,CLASS ,MOVEM5TS 

,TODAY ! MO/ P[]FUL =CE = SOCIAL TRANS=MATION IS ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T 7! TRADE-UNION MOVEM5T71 & ON ITS 9T5TIONS DEP5DS TO A L>GE DEGREE ! C\RSE ?AT EV5TS WILL TAKE & ! OBJECTIVES ( ANY FUTURE REVOLUTION4 ,?R\< ! ORGANIZATIONS E/ABLI%$ = ! DEF5SE ( !IR 9T]E/S1 WORK]S ACQUIRE AN AW>5ESS ( ! OPPRESSION UND] :I* !Y LIVE & ( ! ANTAGONISMS :I* DIVIDE !M FROM !IR EMPLOY]S1 & SO BEG9 TO ASPIRE TO A BETT] LIFE1 GET US$ TO COLLECTIVE /RUGGLE & TO SOLID>ITY1 & CAN SUCCE$ 9 W9N+ ?OSE IMPROVEM5TS :I* >E COMPATIBLE ) ! CONT9U$ EXI/5CE ( ! CAPITALI/ & /ATI/ REGIME4 ,LAT]1 :5 ! CONFLICT IS BEYOND SOLUTION1 !RE IS EI!R REVOLUTION OR REACTION4 

,AN>*I/S MU/ RECOGNIZE ! USEFULNESS & ! IMPORTANCE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 MU/ FAVOR ITS DEVELOPM5T1 & MAKE IT ONE ( ! LEV]S = !IR ACTION1 DO+ ALL !Y CAN SO ?AT IT1 9 CONJUNCTION ) ALL EXI/+ PROGRESSIVE =CES1 WILL CULM9ATE 9 A SOCIAL REVOLUTION :I* LEADS TO ! SUPPRESSION ( CLASSES & TO COMPLETE FRE$OM1 EQUALITY1 PEACE1 & SOLID>ITY AMONG ALL HUMAN BE+S4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE A GREAT & FATAL ILLUSION TO BELIEVE1 AS MANY DO1 ?AT ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T CAN & MU/ ON ITS [N1 BY ITS V]Y NATURE1 LEAD TO SU* A REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ALL MOVEM5TS F\ND$ ON MAT]IAL & IMM$IATE 9T]E/S 7& A MASS WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T CANNOT BE F\ND$ ON ANY?+ ELSE71 IF ! F]M5T1 ! DRIVE & ! UNREMITT+ EF=TS ( M5 ( IDEAS /RUGGL+ & MAK+ SACRIFICES = AN IDEAL FUTURE >E LACK+1 T5D TO ADAPT !MSELVES TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 FO/] A CONS]VATIVE SPIRIT1 & ! FE> ( *ANGE 9 ?OSE :O MANAGE TO IMPROVE !IR CONDITIONS1 & (T5 5D UP BY CREAT+ NEW PRIVILEG$ CLASSES & S]V+ TO SUPPORT & CONSOLIDATE ! SY/EM :I* ONE W\LD WANT TO DE/ROY4 

,H5CE ! IMPELL+ NE$ = /RICTLY AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS :I* /RUGGLE BO? 9SIDE & \TSIDE ! TRADE UNIONS = ! A*IEVEM5T ( AN>*ISM & :I* SEEK TO /]ILIZE ALL ! G]MS ( DEG5]ATION & REACTION4 

,BUT IT IS OBVI\S ?AT TO A*IEVE !IR 5DS AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS MU/ BE1 9 !IR CON/ITUTION & 9 !IR OP]ATION1 9 H>MONY ) AN>*I/ PR9CIPLES1 ?AT IS1 !Y MU/ NOT 9 ANY WAY BE M>K$ BY AN AU?ORIT>IAN SPIRIT1 & ?AT !Y %\LD KN[ H[ TO RECONCILE ! FREE ACTION ( 9DIVIDUALS ) ! NE$ =1 & ! PLEASURES TO BE D]IV$ FROM1 COOP]ATION1 :I* S]VE TO DEVELOP ! CONSCI5CES ( !IR MEMB]S AS WELL AS !IR ABILITIES TO TAKE 9ITIATIVE4 ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS %\LD ALSO BE AN $UCATIVE =CE 9 ! CIRCLE 9 :I* !Y OP]ATE & A MORAL & MAT]IAL PREP>ATION = ! FUTURE WE DESIRE4.<#a#d#h.> 

,! TASK ( AN>*I/S IS TO WORK TO /R5G!N ! REVOLUTION>Y CONSCI5CE ( ORGANIZ$ WORK]S & TO REMA9 9 ! ,UNIONS AS AN>*I/S4 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT ! ,UNIONS1 = PRESS+ REASONS1 >E (T5 OBLIG$ TO 5GAGE 9 NEGOTIATIONS & ACCEPT COMPROMISES4 ,I DO NOT CRITICIZE !M = ?AT1 BUT IT IS = ?IS V]Y REASON ?AT ,I HAVE TO CONSID] ! ,UNIONS AS ESS5TIALLY RE=MI/4 

,! ,UNIONS P]=M A FUNCTION ( BR++ TOGE!R ! PROLET>IAN MASSES & ( ELIM9AT+ CONFLICTS :I* C\LD O!RWISE >ISE BETWE5 WORK] & WORK]4 ,:ILE ! ,UNIONS MU/ 5GAGE 9 ! /RUGGLE TO OBTA9 IMM$IATE B5EFITS1 & AFT] ALL IT IS JU/ & ONLY HUMAN ?AT WORK]S %\LD DEM& BETT] CONDITIONS1 REVOLUTION>IES GO BEYOND ?IS4 ,!Y /RUGGLE = ! REVOLUTION :I* WILL EXPROPRIATE CAPITAL & DE/ROY ! ,/ATE1 EV]Y ,/ATE BY :ATEV] NAME IT IS CALL$4 

,S9CE ECONOMIC SLAV]Y IS ! PRODUCT ( POLITICAL S]VITUDE1 TO ELIM9ATE ONE IT IS NECESS>Y TO ELIM9ATE ! O!R1 EV5 IF ,M>X SAID O!RWISE4 

,:Y DOES ! PEASANT BR+ ! CORN TO ! BOSS8 

,BECAUSE ! G5D>ME IS !RE TO OBLIGE HIM TO DO SO4 ,?US1 ,TRADE ,UNIONISM CANNOT BE AN 5D 9 ITSELF1 S9CE ! /RUGGLE MU/ ALSO BE WAG$ AT A POLITICAL LEVEL TO DI/+UI% ! ROLE ( ! ,/ATE4 

,! AN>*I/S DO NOT WANT TO DOM9ATE ! ,U4,S4,I4 7,UNIONE ,S9DACALE ,ITALIANA72 !Y W\LD NOT WI% TO EV5 IF ALL ! WORK]S 9 ITS RANKS W]E AN>*I/S1 NEI!R DO !Y WI% TO ASSUME ! RESPONSIBILITY = ITS NEGOTIATIONS4 ,WE :O DO NOT SEEK P[]1 ONLY WANT ! CONSCI5CES ( M52 ONLY ?OSE :OSE WI% IS TO DOM9ATE PREF] %EEP ! BETT] TO LEAD !M4 

,WE PREF] 9TELLIG5T WORK]S1 EV5 IF !Y >E \R OPPON5TS1 TO AN>*I/S :O >E SU* ONLY 9 ORD] TO FOLL[ US LIKE %EEP4 ,WE WANT FRE$OM = EV]YBODY2 WE WANT ! MASSES TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION = ! MASSES4 

,! P]SON :O ?9KS ) HIS [N BRA9 IS TO BE PREF]R$ TO ! ONE :O BL9DLY APPROVES EV]Y?+4 ,= ?IS REASON1 AS AN>*I/S1 WE SUPPORT ! ,U4,S4,I4 BECAUSE ?IS ORGANIZATION DOES DEVELOP ! CONSCI5CES ( ! MASSES4 ,BETT] AN ]ROR CONSCI\SLY COMMITT$ & 9 GOOD FAI?1 ?AN A GOOD ACTION P]=M$ 9 A S]VILE MANN]4.<#a#d#i.> 

,JU/ BECAUSE ,I AM CONV9C$ ?AT ! ,UNIONS CAN & MU/ PLAY A MO/ USEFUL1 & P]HAPS NECESS>Y1 ROLE 9 ! TRANSITION FROM PRES5T SOCIETY TO ! EQUALIT>IAN SOCIETY1 ,I W\LD WI% !M TO BE JUDG$ AT !IR TRUE WOR? & BY NEV] =GETT+ ?AT !Y HAVE A NATURAL T5D5CY TO BECOME CLOS$ CORPORATIONS LIMIT$ TO MAK+ N>R[1 SECTIONAL DEM&S1 OR WORSE /ILL1 = !IR MEMB]S ONLY2 WE WILL ?US BE 9 A BETT] POSITION TO COMBAT ?IS T5D5CY & PREV5T !M FROM BECOM+ CONS]VATIVE ORGANISMS4 ,JU/ AS1 9 FACT1 ,I RECOGNIZE ! EXTREME USEFULNESS ?AT COOP]ATIVES1 BY ACCU/OM+ WORK]S TO MANAGE !IR [N AFFAIRS1 ! ORGANIZATION ( !IR WORK & O!R ACTIVITIES1 CAN HAVE AT ! BEG9N+ ( A REVOLUTION AS EXP]I5C$ ORGANIZATIONS CAPABLE ( DEAL+ ) ! DI/RIBUTION ( GOODS & S]V+ AS N]VE C5T]S = ! MASS ( ! POPULATION1 ,I COMBAT ! %OPKEEP] SPIRIT :I* SEEMS TO DEVELOP NATURALLY 9 !IR MID/4 ,I W\LD WI% ?AT !Y W]E OP5 TO ALL1 ?AT !Y CONF]R$ NO PRIVILEGES ON !IR MEMB]S &1 ABOVE ALL1 ?AT !Y DID NOT TRANS=M !MSELVES1 AS (T5 HAPP5S1 9TO REAL CAPITALI/IC ,LIABILITY ,COMPANIES1 :I* EMPLOY & EXPLOIT WAGE E>N]S AS WELL AS SPECULAT+ ON ! NE$S ( ! PUBLIC4 

,9 MY OP9ION1 COOP]ATIVES & ,TRADES ,UNIONS1 UND] ! CAPITALI/ REGIME1 DO NOT NATURALLY1 OR BY REASON ( !IR 9TR9SIC VALUE1 LEAD TO HUMAN EMANCIPATION 7& ?IS IS ! CONTROV]SIAL PO9T71 BUT CAN BE PRODUC]S ( GOOD & EVIL1 TODAY ORGANS ( CONS]VATION OR SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 TOMORR[1 S]V+ ! =CES ( REACTION OR REVOLUTION4 ,ALL DEP5DS ON :E!R !Y LIMIT !MSELVES TO !IR REAL FUNCTION AS DEF5D]S ( ! IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( !IR MEMB]S OR >E ANIMAT$ & 9FLU5C$ BY ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT1 :I* MAKES ! IDEALS /RONG] ?AN SECTIONAL 9T]E/S4 ,& BY AN>*I/ SPIRIT ,I MEAN ?AT DEEPLY HUMAN S5TIM5T1 :I* AIMS AT ! GOOD ( ALL1 FRE$OM & JU/ICE = ALL1 SOLID>ITY & LOVE AMONG ! PEOPLE2 :I* IS NOT AN EXCLUSIVE *>ACT]I/IC ONLY ( SELF-DECL>$ AN>*I/S1 BUT 9SPIRES ALL PEOPLE :O HAVE A G5]\S HE>T & AN OP5 M9D4444.<#a#e.> 

,! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T1 9 SPITE ( ALL ITS M]ITS & ITS POT5TIALITIES1 CANNOT BE1 9 ITSELF1 A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ! S5SE ( BE+ A NEGATION ( ! JURIDICAL & MORAL BASES ( PRES5T SOCIETY4 

,IT CAN1 EV]Y NEW ORGANIZATION CAN1 9 ! SPIRIT ( ITS F\ND]S & ACCORD+ TO ! LETT] ( ITS RULES1 HAVE ! HI<E/ ASPIRATIONS & ! MO/ RADICAL 9T5TIONS1 BUT IF IT WANTS TO EX]CISE ITS FUNCTION AS A WORK]S' ,UNION1 ?AT IS1 ! PRES5T DEF5SE ( ITS MEMB]S' 9T]E/S1 IT MU/ RECOGNIZE DE FACTO ! 9/ITUTIONS :I* IT HAS D5I$ 9 !ORY1 ADAPT ITSELF TO CIRCUM/ANCES1 & ATTEMPT TO OBTA91 /EP BY /EP1 AS MU* AS IT CAN1 BY NEGOTIAT+ & COMPROMIS+ ) ! BOSSES & ! GOV]NM5T4 

,9 A WORD1 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS >E1 BY !IR V]Y NATURE RE=MI/ & NEV] REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT MU/ BE 9TRODUC$1 DEVELOP$1 & MA9TA9$ BY ! CON/ANT ACTIONS ( REVOLUTION>IES :O WORK FROM )9 !IR RANKS AS WELL AS FROM \TSIDE1 BUT IT CANNOT BE ! NORMAL1 NATURAL DEF9ITION ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS FUNCTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! REAL & IMM$IATE 9T]E/S ( ORGANIZ$ WORK]S1 :I* IT IS ! ,UNIONS' ROLE TO DEF5D1 >E V]Y (T5 9 CONFLICT ) !IR IDEALS & =W>D-LOOK+ OBJECTIVES2 & ! ,UNION CAN ONLY ACT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y WAY IF P]MEAT$ BY A SPIRIT ( SACRIFICE & TO ! EXT5T ?AT ! IDEAL IS GIV5 PREC$5CE OV] ! 9T]E/1 ?AT IS1 ONLY IF1 & TO ! EXT5T ?AT1 IT CEASES TO BE AN ECONOMIC ,UNION & BECOMES A POLITICAL & IDEALI/IC GR\P4 ,& ?IS IS NOT POSSIBLE 9 ! L>GE ,TRADE ,UNIONS :I* 9 ORD] TO ACT NE$ ! APPROVAL ( ! MASSES ALWAYS MORE OR LESS EGOTI/IC1 TIMOR\S1 & BACKW>D4 

,NOR IS ?IS ! WOR/ ASPECT ( ! SITUATION4 

,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS SO CON/ITUT$ ?AT1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 ! 9T]E/S ( EA* CLASS1 ( EA* CATEGORY1 ( EA* 9DIVIDUAL >E 9 CONFLICT ) ?OSE ( ALL O!R CLASSES1 CATEGORIES1 & 9DIVIDUALS4 ,& 9 DAILY LIFE ONE SEES ! MO/ COMPLICAT$ ALIGNM5TS ( H>MONY & CLA%ES ( 9T]E/S BETWE5 CLASSES & BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS :O1 FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( SOCIAL JU/ICE %\LD ALWAYS BE FRI5DS OR ALWAYS 5EMIES4 ,& IT (T5 HAPP5S1 9 SPITE ( ! MU* VAUNT$ SOLID>ITY ( ! PROLET>IAT1 ?AT ! 9T]E/S ( ONE CATEGORY ( WORK]S >E ANTAGONI/IC TO ?OSE ( O!RS & FAVORABLE TO ?OSE ( A CATEGORY ( EMPLOY]S2 AS ALSO HAPP5S1 ?AT 9 SPITE ( ! DESIR$ 9T]NATIONAL BRO!RHOOD1 ! PRES5T 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S ( ANY ONE C\NTRY TIES !M TO !IR NATIVE CAPITALI/S & PUTS !M 9 A POSITION ( HO/ILITY TO =EIGN WORK]S4 ,AS AN EXAMPLE WE W\LD REF] TO ! SITUATION ( ! V>I\S WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS TO ! QUE/ION ( ,T>IFFS1 & ,CU/OMS B>RI]S1 & ! VOLUNT>Y ROLE PLAY$ BY ! WORK+ MASSES 9 W>S BETWE5 CAPITALI/ ,/ATES4 

,! LI/ IS UN5D+--ANTAGONISM BETWE5 EMPLOY$ & UNEMPLOY$1 BETWE5 M5 & WOM51 BETWE5 NATIVE WORK]S & =EIGN WORK]S 9 !IR MID/1 BETWE5 WORK]S :O USE A PUBLIC S]VICE & ?OSE :O WORK 9 ?AT S]VICE1 BETWE5 ?OSE :O HAVE A TRADE & ?OSE :O WANT TO LE>N IT4 ,BUT ,I W\LD H]E DRAW SPECIAL ATT5TION TO ! 9T]E/ ?AT WORK]S 5GAG$ 9 ! LUXURY TRADES HAVE 9 ! PROSP]ITY ( ! WEAL?Y CLASSES & ?AT ( A :OLE NUMB] ( CATEGORIES ( WORK]S 9 DIFF]5T LOCALITIES ?AT 0BUS9ESS0 %\LD COME !IR WAY1 EV5 IF AT ! EXP5SE ( O!R LOCALITIES & TO ! DETRIM5T ( PRODUCTION :I* IS USEFUL TO ! COMMUNITY AS A :OLE4 ,& :AT %\LD BE SAID ( ?OSE :O WORK 9 9DU/RIES H>MFUL TO SOCIETY & TO 9DIVIDUALS1 :5 !Y HAVE NO O!R WAY ( E>N+ A LIV+8 ,9 NORMAL TIMES1 :5 !RE IS NO FAI? 9 AN IMM95T REVOLUTION1 JU/ GO & TRY TO P]SUADE WORK]S AT ! ,>S5ALS :O >E ?REAT5$ ) UNEMPLOYM5T NOT TO DEM& ?AT ! GOV]NM5T %\LD BUILD NEW BATTLE%IPS6 ,& TRY1 ) ,TRADE ,UNION MEANS1 & DO+ JU/ICE TO ALL1 TO SOLVE ! CONFLICTS BETWE5 DOCK LABOR]S1 :O HAVE NO O!R WAY ( 5SUR+ ! MEANS ( LIVELIHOOD = !MSELVES ?AN BY MONOPOLIZ+ ALL ! AVAILABLE WORK = ?OSE :O HAVE BE5 WORK+ !RE A LONG TIME1 & ! NEW >RIVALS1 ! 0CASUALS0 :O DEM& !IR RI<T TO WORK & LIFE6 ,ALL ?IS1 & MU* ELSE ?AT C\LD BE SAID1 %[S ?AT ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T1 9 ITSELF1 )\T ! F]M5T ( REVOLUTION>Y IMAG9ATION CONTRA/+ ) ! %ORT T]M 9T]E/S ( ! WORK]S1 )\T ! CRITICISM & ! IMPULSE ( ! REVOLUTION>IES1 F> FROM LEAD+ TO ! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIETY TO ! ADVANTAGE ( ALL1 T5DS TO 5C\RAGE GR\P EGOISM & TO CREATE A CLASS ( PRIVILEG$ WORK]S LIV+ ON ! BACKS ( ! GREAT MASS ( ! 0DIS9H]IT$40 

,& ?IS EXPLA9S ! G5]AL PH5OM5ON ?AT 9 ALL C\NTRIES WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS AS !Y HAVE GR[N & BECOME /RONG1 HAVE BECOME CONS]VATIVE & REACTION>Y1 & ?OSE :O HAVE S]V$ ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T HONE/LY & ) DREAMS ( A SOCIETY BAS$ ON WELL-BE+ & JU/ICE = ALL1 >E CONDEMN$1 LIKE ,SISYPHUS1 TO HAV+ TO />T ALL OV] AGA9 EV]Y SO (T54.<#a#e#a.> 

,?IS NE$ NOT HAPP5 IF !RE IS A SPIRIT ( REBELLION AMONG ! MASSES1 & IF IDEALISM 9SPIRES & 9FLU5CES ?OSE MORE SKILLFUL & FAVOR$ BY CIRCUM/ANCES1 :O >E 9 A POSITION TO CON/ITUTE ! NEW PRIVILEG$ CLASS4 ,BUT !RE IS NO D\BT ?AT IF WE REMA9 AT ! LEVEL ( ! DEF5SE ( PRES5T-DAY 9T]E/S1 :I* IS ?AT ( ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS 7& S9CE !RE IS NO H>MONY ( 9T]E/S1 NOR CAN !Y BE H>MONIZ$ 9 A CAPITALI/IC REGIME71 ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 WORK]S IS A NORMAL OCCURR5CE :I* CAN1 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES1 & AMONG C]TA9 SECTIONS BECOME MORE BITT] ?AN ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 WORK]S & EXPLOIT]S4 

,TO CONV9CE ONESELF1 ONE ONLY NE$S TO OBS]VE :AT >E ! L>GE/ WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS 9 ! C\NTRIES 9 :I* !RE IS MU* ORGANIZATION & LITTLE PROPAG&A OR REVOLUTION>Y TRADITION4 ,LET US TAKE ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( LABOR 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,IT DOES NOT C>RY ON A /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES EXCEPT 9 ! S5SE ?AT TWO BUS9ESS M5 /RUGGLE :5 !Y >E DISCUSS+ ! DETAILS ( A CONTRACT4 ,! REAL /RUGGLE IS CONDUCT$ AGA9/ ! NEWCOM]S1 ! =EIGN]S1 OR NATIVES :O SEEK TO BE ALL[$ TO WORK 9 ANY 9DU/RIAL JOB2 AGA9/ ! =C$ BLACKLEGS :O CANNOT OBTA9 WORK 9 ! FACTORIES RECOGNIZ$ BY ! ,F$]ATION BECAUSE ! MEMB]S >E AGA9/ !M1 & >E OBLIG$ TO (F] !IR S]VICES TO ! 0OP5 %OPS0 444 ,?OSE ,AM]ICAN ,UNIONS :5 !Y HAVE REA*$ ! MEMB]%IP :I* !Y ?9K SUFFICI5T TO BE ABLE TO DEAL ) ! EMPLOY]S AS EQUALS1 IMM$IATELY SEEK TO PREV5T ! ADMISSION ( NEW MEMB]S BY IMPOS+ PROHIBITIVE 5TRANCE FEES OR QUITE BLATANTLY SIMPLY REFUS+ ALL NEW APPLICATIONS = MEMB]%IP4 ,!Y IMPOSE RIGOR\S LIMITATIONS ON ! WORK ?AT MEMB]S 9 EA* ,UNION CAN UND]TAKE1 & PROHIBIT WORK]S 9 ONE ,UNION FROM 9VAD+ ! T]RITORY 0( ! O!RS40 ,SKILL$ WORK]S LOOK D[N ON MANUAL WORK]S2 :ITES DESPISE & OPPRESS BLACKS2 ! 0REAL ,AM]ICANS0 CONSID] ,*9ESE1 ,ITALIANS1 & O!R =EIGN WORK]S AS 9F]IORS4 ,IF A REVOLUTION W]E TO COME 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 ! /RONG & WEAL?Y ,UNIONS W\LD 9EVITABLY BE AGA9/ ! ,MOVEM5T1 BECAUSE !Y W\LD BE WORRI$ AB\T !IR 9VE/M5TS & ! PRIVILEG$ POSITION !Y HAVE ASSUR$ = !MSELVES4 ,& ! SAME W\LD PROBABLY HAPP5 9 ,BRITA9 & ELSE:]E4 

,?IS IS NOT ,TRADE ,UNIONISM1 ,I KN[2 & TRADE UNIONI/S :O UNCEAS+LY FI<T ?IS T5D5CY ( ! ,UNIONS TO BECOME ! 9/RUM5T ( BASE EGOISM1 >E P]=M+ A MO/ USEFUL TASK4 ,BUT ! T5D5CY IS !RE & CANNOT BE CORRECT$ EXCEPT BY TRANSC5D+ TRADE UNION ME?ODS4 

,! ,UNIONS WILL BE MO/ VALUABLE 9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION1 BUT ON CONDITION ?AT !Y >E 444 AS LITTLE LIKE ,TRADE ,UNIONS AS POSSIBLE4.<#a#e#b.> 

,IT IS NOT TRUE1 :ATEV] ! SYNDICALI/S MAY SAY1 ?AT ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS ( TODAY WILL S]VE AS ! FRAMEWORK = ! FUTURE SOCIETY & WILL FACILITATE ! TRANSITION FROM ! B\RGEOIS TO ! EQUALIT>IAN REGIME4 ,?IS IS AN IDEA :I* MET ) FAVOR AMONG ! MEMB]S ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL2 & IF ,I AM NOT MI/AK51 ONE WILL F9D 9 ,BAKUN9'S WRIT+S ?AT ! NEW SOCIETY W\LD BE A*IEV$ BY ALL WORK]S JO9+ ! ,SECTIONS ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 

,TO MY M9D ?IS IS A MI/AKE4 

,! /RUCTURE ( EXI/+ WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS CORRESPONDS TO PRES5T-DAY CONDITIONS ( ECONOMIC LIFE1 :I* IS ! RESULT ( HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5TS & CAPITALI/ DOM9ATION4 ,& ! NEW SOCIETY CANNOT BE A*IEV$ )\T BREAK+ UP ?OSE /RUCTURES & CREAT+ NEW ORGANISMS CORRESPOND+ TO ! NEW CONDITIONS & ! NEW SOCIAL OBJECTIVES4 

,WORK]S TODAY >E GR\P$ ACCORD+ TO ! TRADES !Y PRACTICE1 ! 9DU/RIES 9 :I* !Y WORK1 ! EMPLOY]S AGA9/ :OM !Y MU/ /RUGGLE1 OR ! BUS9ESS TO :I* !Y >E TI$4 ,:AT WILL BE ! USE ( !SE GR\P+S :51 )\T ! EMPLOY]S & ) BUS9ESS RELATIONS TURN$ UPSIDE D[N1 A L>GE NUMB] ( EXI/+ TRADES & 9DU/RIES WILL HAVE TO DISAPPE>1 SOME P]MAN5TLY BECAUSE !Y >E USELESS & H>MFUL1 O!RS TEMPOR>ILY BECAUSE1 ?\< USEFUL 9 ! FUTURE1 WILL HAVE NO RAISON D'ETRE OR POSSIBILITY ( EXI/5CE 9 ! P]IOD ( SOCIAL UPHEAVAL8 ,( :AT USE1 JU/ TO QUOTE ONE ( A ?\S& EXAMPLES ?AT COME TO M9D1 WILL BE ! ORGANIZATIONS ( ! M>BLE QU>RYM5 ( ,C>R>A :5 :AT WILL BE NE$$ IS ?AT !Y %\LD GO & CULTIVATE ! L& & 9CREASE ! PRODUCTION ( FOOD/UFFS1 LEAV+ TO ! FUTURE ! CON/RUCTION ( MONUM5TS & M>BLE PALACES8 

,C]TA9LY WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 ESPECIALLY 9 !IR COOP]ATIVE =MS 7:I* 9CID5TALLY1 UND] ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM1 T5D TO CURB WORK]S' RESI/ANCE7 CAN S]VE TO DEVELOP AMONG WORK]S TE*NICAL & ADM9I/RATIVE CAPACITIES1 BUT 9 A REVOLUTION>Y P]IOD & = SOCIAL REORGANIZATION !Y MU/ DISAPPE> & BE ABSORB$ 9 ! NEW POPUL> GR\P+S AS CIRCUM/ANCES DEM&4 ,& IT IS ! TASK ( REVOLUTION>IES TO SEEK TO PREV5T ! DEVELOPM5T ( AN ESPRIT DE CORPS 9 !SE EXI/+ ORGANIZATIONS :I* W\LD BE AN OB/ACLE TO SATISFY+ ! NEW ,SOCIAL NE$S4 

,!RE=E1 9 MY OP9ION1 ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T IS AN 9/RUM5T TO BE US$ TODAY = RAIS+ & $UCAT+1 ! MASSES1 & TOMORR[ = ! 9EVITABLE (FICIAL CLA%4 ,BUT IT IS AN 9/RUM5T :I* HAS ITS DISADVANTAGES & ITS DANG]S4 ,& WE AN>*I/S MU/ MAKE EV]Y EF=T TO NEUTRALIZE ! DISADVANTAGES1 P>RY ! DANG]S1 & USE ! MOVEM5T AS MU* AS WE CAN = \R 5DS4 ,?IS DOES NOT MEAN1 AS HAS BE5 SUGGE/$1 ?AT WE W\LD WI% ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T TO BE ! TOOL ( ! AN>*I/S4 ,( C\RSE WE W\LD BE HAPPY IF ALL WORK]S1 IF EV]YBODY W]E AN>*I/S 444 BUT 9 ?AT CASE AN>*Y W\LD BE A FACT & !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ = SU* DISCUSSIONS4 

,9 ! PRES5T /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 :AT WE W\LD WI% IS ?AT ! WORK]S' MOVEM5TS W]E OP5 TO ALL =W>D-LOOK+1 IMAG9ATIVE PROPAG&A & ?AT !Y P>TICIPAT$ 9 ALL ! ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & MORAL ACTIVITIES ( SOCIETY1 LIV+ & DEVELOP+ FREE FROM ALL \TSIDE CONTROL1 FROM US NO LESS ?AN FROM ! POLITICAL P>TIES4.<#a#e#c.> 

,!RE >E MANY COMRADES :O AIM AT MAK+ ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T & ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T ALL ONE1 & :]E !Y CAN1 AS = EXAMPLE 9 ,SPA91 ,>G5T9A1 & TO A LESS] EXT5T 9 ,ITALY1 ,FRANCE1 ,G]MANY1 ETC41 !Y TRY TO GIVE ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS A FRANKLY AN>*I/ PROGRAM4 ,!RE >E ?OSE :O CALL !MSELVES 0AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S02 OR :5 !Y L9K UP ) O!RS :O >E REALLY NOT AN>*I/S1 !Y TAKE ! NAME ( 0REVOLUTION>Y SYNDICALI/S40 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO EXPLA9 :AT IS MEANT BY 0SYNDICALISM40 

,IF IT IS A QUE/ION ( ! S\<T-AFT] FUTURE1 IF1 ?AT IS1 BY SYNDICALISM IS MEANT ! =M ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION :I* %\LD REPLACE ! CAPITALI/IC & /ATAL ORGANIZATION1 !N EI!R IT IS ! SAME AS AN>*Y1 & IS !RE=E A T]M :I* ONLY S]VES TO CONFUSE MATT]S1 OR IT IS DIFF]5T FROM AN>*Y & CANNOT !RE=E BE ACCEPT$ BY AN>*I/S4 ,9DE$1 AMONG ! IDEAS & PLANS = ! FUTURE PUT =W>D BY ?IS OR ?AT SYNDICALI/1 !RE >E SOME :I* >E G5U9ELY AN>*I/1 BUT !RE >E O!RS :I* PRES5T1 UND] DIFF]5T NAMES1 & 9 DIFF]5T GUISES1 ! AU?ORIT>IAN /RUCTURE :I* IS ! CAUSE ( ! EVILS :I* TODAY WE COMPLA9 (1 & !RE=E CAN HAVE NO?+ 9 COMMON ) AN>*Y4 ,BUT IT IS NOT SYNDICALISM AS A SOCIAL SY/EM ?AT ,I WI% TO DEAL )1 S9CE IT IS NOT ?IS :I* CAN DET]M9E ! PRES5T ACTIVITY ( AN>*I/S 9 REG>D TO ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T4 ,:AT WE >E 9T]E/$ 9 >E ALL WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS1 ALL ! ,UNIONS CON/ITUT$ TO RESI/ ! OPPRESSION ( ! EMPLOY]S & TO R$UCE OR DE/ROY ! EXPLOITATION ( HUMAN LABOR BY ?OSE :O CONTROL ! S\RCES ( WEAL? & ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 

,N[ ,I SAY ?AT !SE CANNOT BE AN>*I/ ORGANIZATIONS1 & IT IS NOT A GOOD ?+ TO WI% ?AT !Y %\LD BE1 BECAUSE IF !Y W]E !Y W\LD NEI!R MANAGE TO DO !IR JOB NOR S]VE ! 5DS :I* AN>*I/S AIM AT 9 JO9+ !M4 

,! ,UNIONS >E CREAT$ TO DEF5D TODAY ! PRES5T 9T]E/S ( WORK]S & IMPROVE !IR CONDITIONS AS MU* AS POSSIBLE UNTIL SU* TIME AS !Y >E 9 A POSITION TO C>RY ?R\< A REVOLUTION :I* WILL MAKE ! EXI/+ WAGE E>N]S 9TO FREE WORK]S1 FREELY ASSOCIAT$ = ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 

,= ! ,UNION TO S]VE ITS [N 5D & AT ! SAME TIME BE A MEANS = $UCATION & ! T]RA9 = PROPAG&A AIM$ AT A FUTURE RADICAL SOCIAL TRANS=MATION1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT IT %\LD BR+ TOGE!R ALL WORK]S1 OR AT LEA/ ALL ?OSE WORK]S :O AIM AT IMPROV+ !IR CONDITIONS & :OM ONE SUCCE$S 9 R5D]+ CAPABLE ( SOME K9D ( RESI/ANCE AGA9/ ! BOSSES4 ,DOES ONE P]HAPS WANT TO WAIT = WORK]S TO BE AN>*I/S BE=E 9VIT+ !M TO ORGANIZE !MSELVES & BE=E ADMITT+ !M TO ! ORGANIZATIONS ( RESI/ANCE1 :5 IT W\LD NO LONG] BE REQUIR$ BECAUSE ! MASSES W\LD ALREADY BE CAPABLE ( MAK+ ! REVOLUTION8 ,9 ?IS CASE ! ,TRADE ,UNION W\LD BE DUPLICAT+ ! ROLE ( ! AN>*I/ GR\P & W\LD REMA9 IMPOT5T BO? 9 OBTA9+ IMPROVEM5TS & 9 MAK+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,ALT]NATIVELY ONE HAS AN AN>*I/ PROGRAM ON PAP] & IS SATISFI$ ) =MAL1 UNCONSCI\S SUPPORT1 & SO BR+S TOGE!R PEOPLE :O FOLL[ ! ORGANIZ]S %EEP LIKE1 & :O WILL DISAPPE>1 OR GO OV] TO ! 5EMY1 AT ! FIR/ OPPORTUNITY 9 :I* IT IS REALLY NECESS>Y TO ACT AS AN>*I/S4 

,TRADE ,UNIONISM IS 9 ITS NATURE RE=MI/4 ,ALL ?AT CAN BE HOP$ FROM IT IS ?AT ! RE=MS :I* IT DEM&S & PURSUES >E SU* & OBTA9$ 9 WAYS :I* S]VE REVOLUTION>Y $UCATION & PREP>ATION & LEAVE ! WAY FREE TO EV] GREAT] DEM&S4 

,EV]Y FUSION OR CONFUSION BETWE5 ! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T & ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T 5DS1 EI!R 9 R5D]+ ! LATT] UNABLE TO C>RY \T ITS SPECIFIC TASK OR BY WEAK5+1 DI/ORT+1 OR EXT+UI%+ ! AN>*I/ SPIRIT4 

,! ,UNION CAN EM]GE ) A SOCIALI/1 REVOLUTION>Y1 OR AN>*I/ PROGRAM1 & 9DE$ IT IS ) SU* PROGRAMS ?AT MANY WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS W]E ORIG9ALLY LAUN*$4 ,BUT !Y REMA9 FAI?FUL TO ! PROGRAM SO LONG AS !Y >E WEAK & IMPOT5T1 ?AT IS SO LONG AS !Y >E PROPAG&A GR\PS1 9ITIAT$ & SU/A9$ BY A FEW 5?USIA/IC & CONV9C$ 9DIVIDUALS RA!R ?AN ORGANISMS CAPABLE ( EFFECTIVE ACTION2 BUT !N AS !Y MANAGE TO ATTRACT ! MASSES TO !IR RANKS1 & ACQUIRE ! /R5G? TO DEM& & IMPOSE IMPROVEM5TS1 ! ORIG9AL PROGRAM BECOMES AN EMPTY SLOGAN :I* NO ONE BO!RS AB\T1 TACTICS >E READJU/$ TO CONT+5T NE$S1 & ! 5?USIA/S ( ! FIR/ H\R EI!R ADAPT !MSELVES OR MU/ MAKE WAY = ! 0PRACTICAL0 M51 :O PAY ATT5TION TO ! PRES5T )\T WORRY+ AB\T ! FUTURE4 

,!RE C]TA9LY >E COMRADES :O 9 SPITE ( BE+ 9 ! FRONT RANK ( ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T REMA9 S9C]E & 5?USIA/IC AN>*I/S1 AS !RE >E WORK]S' GR\P+S :I* SEEK !IR 9SPIRATION 9 AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,BUT IT W\LD BE A TOO EASY WAY ( CRITICIZ+1 TO SEEK ! ?\S& EXAMPLES 9 :I* !SE M5 & !SE GR\PS 9 ! REALITY ( !IR DAY TO DAY ACTIONS >E 9 CONTRADICTION ) AN>*I/ IDEAS4 ,I AGREE ?AT !SE >E ! H>D FACTS ( LIFE4 

,ONE CANNOT ACT 9 AN AN>*I/ WAY :5 ONE IS OBLIG$ TO DEAL ) EMPLOY]S & ! AU?ORITIES2 ONE CANNOT LET ! MASSES ACT = !MSELVES :5 !Y REFUSE TO ACT & ASK =1 OR DEM&1 LEAD]S4 ,BUT :Y CONFUSE AN>*ISM ) :AT AN>*ISM IS NOT1 & :Y %\LD WE1 AS AN>*I/S1 %\LD] ! RESPONSIBILITY = TRANSACTIONS & COMPROMISES MADE NECESS>Y BECAUSE ! MASSES >E NOT AN>*I/1 NOT EV5 IF !Y BELONG TO AN ORGANIZATION :I* HAS WRITT5 ! AN>*I/ PROGRAM 9TO ITS ,CON/ITUTION8 

,9 MY OP9ION AN>*I/S MU/ NOT WANT ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS TO BE AN>*I/1 BUT !Y MU/ ACT )9 !IR RANKS 9 FAVOR ( AN>*I/ AIMS1 AS 9DIVIDUALS1 AS GR\PS & AS F$]ATIONS ( GR\PS4 ,JU/ AS !RE >E1 OR !RE %\LD BE1 /UDY & DISCUSSION GR\PS1 PROPAG&A GR\PS WORK+ AMONG ! PUBLIC ) ! WRITT5 & SPOK5 WORD1 COOP]ATIVE GR\PS1 FACTORY GR\PS1 GR\PS AMONG ! L& WORK]S1 9 ! B>RACKS AS WELL AS ! S*OOLS1 SO SPECIAL GR\PS %\LD BE =M$ 9 ! DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONS :I* 5GAGE 9 ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 

,( C\RSE1 IT W\LD BE IDEAL IF EV]YONE WAS AN>*I/ & ?AT ORGANIZATIONS FUNCTION$ 9 AN AN>*I/ WAY2 BUT 9 ?AT CASE1 IT IS CLE> ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO NE$ TO ORGANIZE = ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S1 = !RE W\LD NO LONG] BE BOSSES4 ,BUT 9 ! SITUATION AS IT IS1 & RECOGNIZ+ ?AT ! SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T ( ONE'S WORKMATES IS :AT IT IS1 ! AN>*I/ GR\PS %\LD NOT EXPECT ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS TO ACT AS IF !Y W]E AN>*I/1 BUT %\LD MAKE EV]Y EF=T TO 9DUCE !M TO APPROXIMATE AS MU* AS POSSIBLE TO ! AN>*I/ ME?OD4 ,IF = ! LIFE ( ! ORGANIZATION & = ! NE$S & WI%ES ( ITS MEMB]S IT IS ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y TO NEGOTIATE1 TO COMPROMISE1 & E/ABLI% D\BTFUL CONTACTS ) ! AU?ORITIES1 SO BE IT2 BUT ?IS MU/ BE DONE BY O!RS1 NOT BY AN>*I/S :OSE ROLE IS ?AT ( PO9T+ TO ! 9SUFFICI5CY & PREC>I\SNESS ( ALL IMPROVEM5TS :I* CAN BE OBTA9$ UND] A CAPITALI/ REGIME1 & ( PU%+ ! /RUGGLE ALWAYS T[>DS MORE RADICAL SOLUTIONS4 ,AN>*I/S 9 ! ,UNIONS %\LD /RUGGLE = !M TO BE OP5 TO ALL WORK]S :ATEV] !IR VIEWS OR P>TY AFFILIATIONS ON ! ONE CONDITION3 ( SOLID>ITY 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! BOSSES2 !Y %\LD BE OPPOS$ TO ! CORPORATIVE SPIRIT & ANY AMBITIONS TO A MONOPOLY ( ORGANIZATION OR WORK4 ,!Y %\LD PREV5T ! ,UNIONS FROM S]V+ AS AN 9/RUM5T TO BE MANIPULAT$ BY POLITICIANS = ELECTORAL OR O!R AU?ORIT>IAN 5DS2 !Y %\LD ADVOCATE & PRACTICE DIRECT ACTION1 DEC5TRALIZATION1 AUTONOMY1 & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE2 !Y %\LD MAKE SPECIAL EF=TS TO HELP MEMB]S LE>N H[ TO P>TICIPATE DIRECTLY 9 ! LIFE ( ! ORGANIZATION & TO DISP5SE ) LEAD]S & FULL-TIME FUNCTION>IES4 

,9 O!R WORDS1 !Y %\LD REMA9 AN>*I/S1 ALWAYS 9 CLOSE T\* ) AN>*I/S1 & REMEMB]+ ?AT ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATION IS NOT ! 5D1 BUT JU/ ONE ( ! MEANS1 H[EV] IMPORTANT1 9 PREP>+ ! WAY = ! A*IEVEM5T ( AN>*ISM4.<#a#e#d.> 

,ONE MU/ NOT CONFUSE 0SYNDICALISM10 :I* IS 9T5D$ TO BE A DOCTR9E & A ME?OD = SOLV+ ! SOCIAL PROBLEM1 ) ! PROMOTION1 ! EXI/5CE & ! ACTIVITIES ( ! WORK]S' ,UNIONS4444 

,= US IT IS NOT ALL ?AT IMPORTANT ?AT ! WORK]S %\LD WANT MORE OR LESS2 :AT IS IMPORTANT IS ?AT !Y %\LD TRY TO GET :AT !Y WANT1 BY !IR [N EF=TS1 BY !IR DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ! CAPITALI/S & ! GOV]NM5T4 

,A SMALL IMPROVEM5T A*IEV$ BY ONE'S [N EF=T IS WOR? MORE1 9 ITS EFFECT ON MORALE--MAT]IALLY TOO1 9 ! LONG T]M--?AN A L>GE SCALE RE=M GRANT$ BY GOV]NM5T OR CAPITALI/S = D\BTFUL 5DS OR EV5 \T ( ! 0K9DNESS ( !IR HE>TS40.<#a#e#e.> 

,WE HAVE ALWAYS UND]/OOD ! VITAL IMPORTANCE ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & ! NE$ = AN>*I/S TO PLAY AN ACTIVE & =CEFUL P>T 9 IT4 ,& (T5 IT HAS BE5 AS A RESULT ( ! 9ITIATIVE ( \R COMRADES ?AT WORK]S' GR\PS HAVE BE5 =M$ :I* >E MORE LIVELY & MORE PROGRESSIVE4 ,WE HAVE ALWAYS ?\<T ?AT ! ,TRADE ,UNION IS1 TODAY1 A MEANS :]EBY WORK]S CAN BEG9 TO UND]/& !IR POSITION AS SLAVES1 TO WANT !IR EMANCIPATION & TO ACCU/OM !MSELVES TO ! SOLID>ITY ( ALL ! OPPRESS$ 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! OPPRESSORS--& ?AT TOMORR[ IT WILL S]VE AS ! FIR/ NECESS>Y NUCLEUS = ! CONT9UATION ( SOCIAL LIFE & ! REORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION )\T BOSSES & P>ASITES4 

,BUT WE HAVE ALWAYS DISCUSS$1 & (T5 DISAGRE$1 ON ! WAYS AN>*I/ ACTION HAD TO BE C>RI$ \T 9 RELATION TO ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATION4 

,%\LD ONE JO9 ! ,UNIONS OR /AY \T ?\< TAK+ P>T 9 ALL ! /RUGGLES1 SEEK+ TO MAKE !M AS RADICAL AS POSSIBLE1 & ALWAYS REMA9+ 9 ! =EFRONT ( ACTION & DANG]8 

,& ABOVE ALL1 :E!R AN>*I/S %\LD ACCEPT EXECUTIVE PO/S )9 ! ,UNIONS1 & ?US L5D !MSELVES TO ?OSE NEGOTIATIONS1 COMPROMISES1 ADJU/M5TS1 & CONTACTS ) ! AU?ORITIES & ! EMPLOY]S1 :I* ! WORK]S !MSELVES DEM& ( !M & :I* >E P>T & P>CEL ( ! DAY TO DAY DEM&S = BETT] CONDITIONS OR = ! DEF5SE ( CONCESSIONS ALREADY WON8 

,9 ! TWO YE>S ?AT FOLL[$ ! PEACE & UP TO ! EVE ( ! TRIUMPH ( FASCI/ REACTION WE F\ND \RSELVES 9 A UNIQUE SITUATION4 

,! REVOLUTION SEEM$ IMM95T1 & ! MAT]IAL & SPIRITUAL CONDITIONS W]E1 9 FACT1 PRES5T TO MAKE A REVOLUTION POSSIBLE AS WELL AS NECESS>Y4 

,BUT WE AN>*I/S LACK$ BY A LONG *ALK ! NECESS>Y /R5G? TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION ) \R ME?ODS & RELY+ EXCLUSIVELY ON \R NUMB]S2 WE NE$$ ! MASSES1 & !Y W]E QUITE PREP>$ TO TAKE ACTION1 BUT !Y W]E NOT AN>*I/4 ,9 ANY CASE1 A REVOLUTION )\T ! SUPPORT ( ! MASSES1 EV5 HAD IT BE5 POSSIBLE1 C\LD HAVE ONLY RESULT$ 9 A NEW DOM9ATION1 :I* EV5 IF EX]CIS$ BY AN>*I/S W\LD HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ! NEGATION ( AN>*ISM1 W\LD HAVE CORRUPT$ ! NEW RUL]S & W\LD HAVE 5D$ 9 ! RETURN ( ! ,/ATI/1 CAPITALI/IC ORD]4 

,TO HAVE )DRAWN FROM ! /RUGGLE1 & AB/A9$ BECAUSE WE C\LD NOT DO JU/ :AT WE W\LD HAVE WI%$ TO DO1 W\LD HAVE BE5 A R5UNCIATION ( EV]Y PRES5T OR FUTURE POSSIBILITY1 ( EV]Y HOPE ( DEVELOP+ ! MOVEM5T 9 ! DIRECTION WE WI%$ IT TO GO4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 R5UNCIATION = ALL TIME BECAUSE !RE WILL NEV] BE AN>*I/ MASSES UNTIL SOCIETY HAS BE5 ECONOMICALLY & POLITICALLY TRANS=M$1 & ! SAME PROBLEM WILL PRES5T ITSELF EA* TIME CIRCUM/ANCES CREATE A SITUATION ) REVOLUTION>Y POSSIBILITIES4 

,IT WILL !RE=E BE NECESS>Y AT ALL CO/S TO W9 ! CONFID5CE ( ! MASSES1 & BE 9 A POSITION TO 0PU%0 !M :5 !Y >E 9 ! MOOD = ACTION1 & = ?IS IT SEEM$ USEFUL TO SECURE EXECUTIVE PO/S 9 ! WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS4 ,ALL ! DANG]S ( RE=MISM1 CORRUPTION W]E PU%$ 9TO ! BACKGR\ND1 & 9 ANY CASE IT WAS ASSUM$ ?AT !RE W\LDN'T BE TIME = !M TO TAKE EFFECT4 

,SO IT WAS DECID$ TO LEAVE EV]YBODY FREE TO ACT ACCORD+ TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES & AS !Y ?\<T BE/1 CONDITIONAL ON !IR NOT =GETT+ ?AT !Y W]E AN>*I/S GUID$ AT ALL TIMES BY ! OV]RID+ 9T]E/ ( ! AN>*I/ CAUSE4 

,BUT N[ BE>+ 9 M9D REC5T EXP]I5CE1 & 9 VIEW ( ! PRES5T SITUATION 444 IT SEEMS TO ME ?AT IT W\LD BE USEFUL TO RETURN TO ! QUE/ION & SEE :E!R IT IS A CASE ( MODIFY+ \R TACTIC ON ?IS MO/ IMPORTANT ASPECT ( \R ACTIVITY4 

,9 MY OP9ION1 WE MU/ JO9 ! ,UNIONS1 BECAUSE BY REMA9+ \TSIDE WE APPE> 9IMICAL TO !M1 \R CRITICISMS >E VIEW$ ) SUSPICION & AT A TIME ( AGITATION WE %ALL APPE> AS 9TRUD]S & \R P>TICIPATION COLDLY RECEIV$4444 

,& SO F> AS SOLICIT+ & ACCEPT+ PO/S AS LEAD]S ,I BELIEVE ?AT 9 G5]AL1 & 9 CALM P]IODS1 IT IS BETT] TO AVOID DO+ SO4 ,BUT ,I BELIEVE ?AT ! DAMAGE & ! DANG] LIE NOT SO MU* 9 ! FACT ( OCCUPY+ AN EXECUTIVE PO/--:I* 9 C]TA9 CIRCUM/ANCES CAN BE USEFUL & ALSO NECESS>Y--BUT :]E ! PO/ BECOMES A P]MAN5T ONE4 ,9 MY OP9ION1 ! EXECUTIVE P]SONNEL %\LD BE R5EW$ AS (T5 AS POSSIBLE1 BO? 9 ORD] TO GIVE AS MANY WORK]S AS POSSIBLE EXP]I5CE ( ADM9I/RATIVE JOBS1 AS WELL AS TO PREV5T ORGANIZATIONAL WORK FROM BECOM+ A PR(ESSION & 9DUC+ ?OSE :O DO IT FROM 9TRODUC+ 9TO ! WORK]S' /RUGGLE CONC]N AB\T LOS+ !IR JOBS4 

,& ALL ?IS NOT ONLY 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ! PRES5T /RUGGLE & ! $UCATION ( ! WORK]S1 BUT ALSO1 & :AT IS MORE IMPORTANT1 ) AN EYE ON ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! REVOLUTION ONCE IT HAS />T$4 

,AN>*I/S >E JU/IFIABLY OPPOS$ TO AU?ORIT>IAN COMMUNISM1 :I* PRESUPPOSES A GOV]NM5T WANT+ TO DIRECT EV]Y ASPECT ( SOCIAL LIFE1 & PLAC+ ! ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION & ! DI/RIBUTION ( WEAL? UND] ! ORD]S ( ITS NOM9EES1 :I* CANNOT BUT CREATE ! MO/ HATEFUL TYRANNY & ! CRIPPL+ ( ALL ! LIV+ =CES 9 SOCIETY4 

,! ,UNIONS1 APP>5TLY 9 AGREEM5T ) ! AN>*I/S 9 !IR AV]SION = ,/ATE C5TRALIZATION1 WANT TO DISP5SE ) ! GOV]NM5T PUTT+ ! ,UNIONS 9 ITS PLACE2 & !Y SAY ?AT IT IS ! ,UNIONS :I* MU/ TAKE OV] ! WEAL?1 REQUISITION ALL FOOD/UFFS1 & BE RESPONSIBLE = !IR DI/RIBUTION AS WELL AS ORGANIZE PRODUCTION & B>T]4 ,& ,I W\LD SEE NO?+ TO OBJECT TO 9 ?IS IF ! ,UNIONS OP5$ !IR DOORS WIDE TO ALL ! POPULATION1 & LEFT ! DISSID5TS FREE TO ACT & TO HAVE !IR %>E4 

,BUT 9 PRACTICE ?IS EXPROPRIATION & ?IS DI/RIBUTION CANNOT BE EFFECT$ IMPULSIVELY1 BY ! MASS1 EV5 IF 9 POSSESSION ( A ,UNION C>D1 )\T PRODUC+ A H>MFUL WA/E ( NATURAL WEAL? & ! SACRIFIC+ ( ! WEAK] TO ! /RONG]2 & EV5 MORE DIFFICULT W\LD IT BE TO E/ABLI% BY MASS MEET+S1 AGREEM5TS BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T REGIONS1 & ! B>T] >RANGEM5TS BETWE5 ! V>I\S CORPORATIONS ( PRODUC]S4 ,PROVISION !RE=E W\LD HAVE TO BE MADE ?R\< DECISIONS TAK5 AT POPUL> ASSEMBLIES & C>RI$ \T BY GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS :O HAVE VOLUNTE]$ OR >E DULY DELEGAT$4 

,N[1 IF !RE >E A LIMIT$ NUMB] ( PEOPLE :O ?R\< LONG T5URE ( (FICE >E CONSID]$ TRADE UNION LEAD]S2 IF !RE >E P]MAN5T SECRET>IES & (FICIAL ORGANIZ]S1 IT WILL BE !Y :O WILL AUTOMATICALLY F9D !MSELVES *>G$ ) ORGANIZ+ ! REVOLUTION1 & !Y WILL T5D TO CONSID] AS 9TRUD]S & IRRESPONSIBLE ELEM5TS1 ?OSE :O WANT TO TAKE 9DEP5D5T ACTION1 & WILL WANT TO IMPOSE !IR WILL1 EV5 ) ! BE/ ( 9T5TIONS--EV5 BY ! USE ( =CE4 

,& !N ! 0SYNDICALI/ REGIME0 W\LD SOON BECOME ! SAME LIE1 ! SAME TYRANNY :I* ! SO-CALL$ 0DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT0 HAS BECOME4 ,! REM$Y = ?IS DANG] & ! CONDITION = ! SUCCESS ( ! REVOLUTION AS A PROGRESSIVE =CE1 IS ! 0=MATION0 ( A L>GE NUMB] ( 9DIVIDUALS ) 9ITIATIVE & ! ABILITY TO TACKLE PRACTICAL TASKS3 BY ACCU/OM+ ! MASSES NOT TO LEAVE ! COMMON CAUSE 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 & TO DELEGATE1 :5 DELEGATION IS NECESS>Y1 ONLY = SPECIFIC MISSIONS & = LIMIT$ DURATION4 ,& ! SYNDICATE1 IF ORGANIZ$ & ACT+ 9 A TRULY LIB]T>IAN MANN]1 IS ! MO/ EFFECTIVE MEANS TO CREATE JU/ SU* A SITUATION & JU/ SU* A SPIRIT4.<#a#e#f.> 

,! WORK]S' ,UNION WAS BORN \T ( ! NECESSITY TO PROVIDE = PRES5T NE$S1 \T ( ! DESIRE TO IMPROVE P]SONAL CONDITIONS1 & TO PROTECT ONESELF FROM A POSSIBLE WORS5+ ( CONDITIONS1 & IS ! ,UNION ( ?OSE :O1 DEPRIV$ ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ?US OBLIG$ BY ! EXIG5CIES ( LIFE TO ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE EXPLOIT$ BY ?OSE :O POSSESS ! MEANS1 SEEK1 ?R\< SOLID>ITY ) !IR COMPANIONS 9 MIS]Y1 ! /R5G? TO /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT]S4 ,& AT ?IS LEVEL ( ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE1 ?AT IS1 AGA9/ CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION1 IT W\LD HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE & EASY TO A*IEVE ! UNITY ( ! WORK+ CLASS AGA9/ ! [N+ CLASS4 

,IT WAS NOT A*IEV$ BECAUSE ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 :I* 9CID5TALLY HAVE (T5 BE5 ! F\ND]S & ! FIR/ ANIMATORS ( ! ,TRADE ,UNION MOVEM5T1 WI%$ TO USE ! WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS AS A RECRUIT+ C5T] AS WELL AS WEAPONS = !IR P>TICUL> 5DS1 :E!R ( REVOLUTION OR CONS]VATISM4 ,H5CE ! DIVISIONS )9 ! WORK+ CLASS1 ORGANIZ$ 9TO MANY GR\P+S UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 & ! CONC]N1 ( ?OSE :O WANT WORK]S' UNITY1 TO REMOVE ! ,UNIONS FROM ! TUTELAGE ( POLITICAL P>TIES4 ,BURI$ UND] !SE 9T5TIONS IS AN ]ROR & A LIE4 

,IF BY POLITICS IS MEANT ?AT :I* CONC]NS ! ORGANIZATION ( HUMAN RELATIONS1 & MORE SPECIFICALLY1 ! FREE OR LIMIT$ RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE & ! EXI/5CE OR NONEXI/5CE ( A 0GOV]NM5T0 :I* ASSUMES PUBLIC P[]S & USES =CE TO IMPOSE ITS WILL & DEF5D ITS [N 9T]E/S & ?OSE ( ! CLASS FROM :I* IT SPR+S1 IT IS CLE> ?AT POLITICS 5T]S 9TO EV]Y EXPRESSION ( SOCIAL EXI/5CE1 & ?AT A WORK]S' ORGANIZATION CANNOT BE TRULY 9DEP5D5T ( ! P>TIES EXCEPT BY ITSELF BECOM+ A P>TY4444 

,IT IS IDLE TO HOPE1 & 9 MY OP9ION IT W\LD BE A BAD ?+ TO WI%1 ?AT POLITICS %\LD BE EXCLUD$ FROM ! ,UNIONS1 S9CE EV]Y ECONOMIC QUE/ION ( SOME IMPORTANCE AUTOMATICALLY BECOMES A POLITICAL QUE/ION1 & IT IS 9 ! POLITICAL FIELD1 ?AT IS1 BY ! /RUGGLE BETWE5 GOV]NORS & GOV]N$1 ?AT ! QUE/ION ( ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S & ( HUMAN LIB]TY WILL HAVE TO BE F9ALLY RESOLV$4 

,& IT IS NATURAL1 & CLE>1 ?AT IT %\LD BE SO4444 

,! CAPITALI/S CAN MA9TA9 ! /RUGGLE 9 ! ECONOMIC FIELD SO LONG AS WORK]S DEM& SMALL1 & G5]ALLY ILLUSORY IMPROVEM5TS2 BUT AS SOON AS !Y SEE !IR PR(ITS S]I\SLY DIM9I%$ & ! V]Y EXI/5CE ( !IR PRIVILEGES ?REAT5$1 !Y APPEAL TO GOV]NM5T & IF IT IS NOT SUFFICI5TLY UND]/&+ & NOT /RONG 5\< TO DEF5D !M1 AS 9 ! REC5T CASES ( ,ITALY & ,SPA91 !Y USE !IR [N WEAL? TO F9ANCE NEW REPRESSIVE =CES & TO SET UP A NEW GOV]NM5T :I* WILL S]VE !M BETT]4 

,WORK]S' ORGANIZATIONS MU/ !RE=E1 ( NECESSITY1 ADOPT A L9E ( ACTION 9 FACE ( PRES5T AS WELL AS POSSIBLE FUTURE GOV]NM5T ACTION4 

,ONE CAN ACCEPT ! /ATUS QUO1 RECOGNIZE ! LEGITIMACY ( ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE & ! GOV]NM5T ?AT DEF5DS IT1 & BE CONT5T TO MANEUV] BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T B\RGEOIS FACTIONS & OBTA9 SOME IMPROVEM5TS--AS HAPP5S ) ! HUGE ORGANIZATIONS :I* >E 9SPIR$ BY NO IDEAL1 SU* AS ! ,AM]ICAN ,F$]ATION ( LABOR & A L>GE P>T ( ! ,BRITI% ,UNIONS--& !N ONE BECOMES 9 PRACTICE ! TOOL ( ! OPPRESSORS & GIVES UP ! TASK ( FREE+ ONESELF FROM S]VITUDE4 

,BUT IF ONE ASPIRES TO COMPLETE EMANCIPATION OR EV5 IF ONE ONLY WANTS SPECIFIC IMPROVEM5TS :I* DO NOT DEP5D ON ! WILL ( ! BOSS OR ! :IMS ( ! ,M>KETS1 !RE >E BUT TWO WAYS ( FREE+ ONESELF FROM ! ?REAT ( GOV]NM5T4 ,EI!R BY SEIZ+ ! RE9S ( GOV]NM5T & US+ ! PUBLIC P[]S1 & ! COLLECTIVE =CE CAPTUR$ & HELD D[N BY ! RUL]S1 TO GET RID ( ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM--OR BY WEAK5+ & DE/ROY+ GOV]NM5T BY LEAV+ TO ! WORK]S & TO ALL :O 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 BY MANUAL & 9TELLECTUAL WORK1 COOP]ATE 9 KEEP+ SOCIAL LIFE GO+1 ! FRE$OM TO PROVIDE = 9DIVIDUAL & SOCIAL NE$S 9 ! WAY !Y CONSID] BE/1 BUT )\T ! RI<T OR ! POSSIBILITY ( IMPOS+ !IR WILL ON O!RS BY ! USE ( =CE4 ,N[1 H[ IS IT POSSIBLE TO MA9TA9 UNITY :5 !RE >E SOME :O W\LD WI% TO USE ! /R5G? ( ! ORGANIZATION TO GET A SEAT 9 ! GOV]NM5T1 :ILE O!RS BELIEVE ?AT EV]Y GOV]NM5T IS ( NECESSITY OPPRESSIVE & 9IQUIT\S1 & W\LD !RE=E WI% TO LEAD ! ORGANIZATION 9 ! DIRECTION ( /RUGGLE AGA9/ EV]Y AU?ORIT>IAN 9/ITUTION N[ OR 9 ! FUTURE8 ,H[ CAN SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ,/ATE COMMUNI/S & AN>*I/S BE HELD TOGE!R8 

,?IS IS ! PROBLEM1 & ONE :I* CAN BE OV]LOOK$ AT C]TA9 MOM5TS1 SU* AS 9 A CLE>LY DEF9$ /RUGGLE1 :5 ALL >E UNANIM\S1 BUT :I* ALWAYS REEM]GES & IS NOT EASY TO SOLVE SO LONG AS CONDITIONS ( VIOL5CE1 & A DIV]SITY ( OP9ION AS TO ! MEANS = RESI/+ VIOL5CE1 EXI/4 ,! DEMOCRATIC ME?OD1 ?AT IS1 ( LEAV+ ! MAJORITY TO DECIDE & ( 0MA9TA9+ DISCIPL9E0 DOES NOT SOLVE ! QUE/ION1 S9CE IT TOO IS A LIE & IS NOT S9C]ELY SUPPORT$ EXCEPT BY ?OSE :O HAVE OR BELIEVE !Y HAVE ! MAJORITY ON !IR SIDE4 ,AP>T FROM ! FACT ?AT ! 0MAJORITY0 ALWAYS MEANS A MAJORITY AMONG ! LEAD]S & NOT ( ! MASSES1 ONE CANNOT EXPECT1 OR EV5 WI%1 ?AT SOMEONE :O IS FIRMLY CONV9C$ ?AT ! C\RSE TAK5 BY ! MAJORITY LEADS TO DISA/]1 %\LD SACRIFICE HIS [N CONVICTIONS & PASSIVELY LOOK ON1 OR EV5 WORSE1 SUPPORT A POLICY HE CONSID]S WRONG4 

,TO SAY3 LET ! O!RS GET ON ) IT & Y\ TRY 9 Y\R TURN TO W9 OV] ! MAJORITY TO Y\R PO9T ( VIEW IS RA!R SIMIL> TO ! >GUM5T US$ 9 !1 >MY3 0ACCEPT Y\R PUNI%M5T & !N PUT 9 Y\R COMPLA9T0--& IT IS AN UNACCEPTABLE SY/EM :5 :AT ONE DOES TODAY DE/ROYS ! POSSIBILITY ( DO+ O!RWISE TOMORR[4 ,!RE >E MATT]S OV] :I* IT IS WOR? ACCEPT+ ! WILL ( ! MAJORITY BECAUSE ! DAMAGE CAUS$ BY A SPLIT W\LD BE GREAT] ?AN ?AT CAUS$ BY ! ]ROR2 !RE >E CIRCUM/ANCES 9 :I* DISCIPL9E BECOMES A DUTY BECAUSE TO FAIL 9 IT W\LD BE TO FAIL 9 ! SOLID>ITY BETWE5 ! OPPRESS$ & W\LD MEAN BETRAYAL 9 FACE ( ! 5EMY4 ,BUT :5 ONE IS CONV9C$ ?AT ! ORGANIZATION IS PURSU+ A C\RSE :I* ?REAT5S ! FUTURE & MAKES IT DIFFICULT TO REM$Y ! H>M DONE1 !N IT IS A DUTY TO REBEL & TO RESI/ EV5 AT ! RISK ( PROVID+ A SPLIT4 

,BUT !N1 :AT IS ! WAY \T ( ?IS DIFFICULTY1 & :AT %\LD BE ! CONDUCT ( AN>*I/S 9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES8 

,9 MY VIEW ! SOLUTION W\LD BE3 G5]AL AGREEM5T & SOLID>ITY 9 ! PURELY ECONOMIC /RUGGLE2 COMPLETE AUTONOMY ( 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS 9 ! POLITICAL /RUGGLE4 

,BUT IS IT POSSIBLE TO SEE 9 TIME :]E ! ECONOMIC /RUGGLE BECOMES A POLITICAL /RUGGLE8 ,& >E !RE ANY IMPORTANT ECONOMIC /RUGGLES :I* DO NOT BECOME POLITICAL RI<T FROM ! />T AS A RESULT ( GOV]NM5T 9T]V5TION8 

,9 ANY CASE WE AN>*I/S %\LD EXT5D \R ACTIVITIES 9TO ALL ORGANIZATIONS TO PREA* UNITY AMONG ALL WORK]S1 DEC5TRALIZATION1 FRE$OM ( 9ITIATIVE1 )9 ! COMMON FRAMEWORK ( SOLID>ITY & NOT WORRY OV] MU* IF ! MANIA = C5TRALIZATION & AU?ORIT>IANISM ( SOME1 OR ! 9TOL]ANCE TO ALL1 EV5 REASONABLE1 DISCIPL9E BY O!RS1 LEADS TO NEW SPLITS4 ,=1 IF ORGANIZATION ( ! WORK]S IS A FUNDAM5TAL NECESSITY 9 ! /RUGGLES ( TODAY & = ! A*IEVEM5TS ( TOMORR[1 ! EXI/5CE1 OR ! LONGEVITY ( ?IS OR ?AT P>TICUL> ORGANIZATION IS NOT ALL ?AT IMPORTANT4 ,:AT IS ESS5TIAL IS ?AT 9DIVIDUALS %\LD DEVELOP A S5SE ( ORGANIZATION & SOLID>ITY1 & ! CONVICTION ?AT FRAT]NAL COOP]ATION IS NECESS>Y TO FI<T OPPRESSION & TO A*IEVE A SOCIETY 9 :I* EV]YBODY WILL BE ABLE TO 5JOY HIS [N LIFE4.<#a#e#g.> 

#a#h4 ,! ,OCCUPATION ( ! ,FACTORIES 

,G5]AL /RIKES ( PROTE/ NO LONG] UPSET ANYBODY2 NEI!R ?OSE :O TAKE P>T 9 !M NOR ?OSE AGA9/ :OM !Y >E DIRECT$4 ,IF ONLY ! POLICE HAD ! 9TELLIG5CE TO AVOID BE+ PROVOCATIVE1 !Y W\LD PASS (F AS ANY PUBLIC HOLIDAY4 

,ONE MU/ SEEK SOME?+ ELSE4 ,WE PUT =W>D AN IDEA3 ! TAKE-OV] ( FACTORIES4 ,= ! FIR/ ATTEMPT PROBABLY ONLY A FEW WILL TAKE P>T & ! EFFECT WILL BE SLI<T2 BUT ! ME?OD C]TA9LY HAS A FUTURE1 BECAUSE IT CORRESPONDS TO ! ULTIMATE 5DS ( ! WORK]S' MOVEM5T & CON/ITUTES AN EX]CISE PREP>+ ONE = ! ULTIMATE G5]AL ACT ( EXPROPRIATION4.<#a#e#h.> 

,! METAL WORK]S />T$ ! MOVEM5T OV] WAGE RATES4 ,IT WAS A /RIKE ( A NEW K9D4 ,9/EAD ( AB&ON+ ! FACTORIES1 ! IDEA WAS TO REMA9 9SIDE )\T WORK+1 & MA9TA9 A NI<T & DAY GU>D TO 5SURE ?AT ! BOSSES C\LD NOT OP]ATE ! NI<T %IFT4 ,BUT ?IS WAS 9 #a#i#b4 ,?R\<\T ,ITALY !RE WAS REVOLUTION>Y F]VOR AMONG ! WORK]S & SOON ! DEM&S *ANG$ !IR *>ACT]4 ,WORK]S ?\<T ?AT ! MOM5T WAS RIPE TO TAKE POSSESSION ONCE = ALL ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,!Y >M$ !MSELVES = DEF5SE1 !Y TRANS=M$ MANY FACTORIES 9TO V]ITABLE =TRESSES1 & BEGAN TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION ON !IR [N4 ,BOSSES W]E EI!R ?R[N \T OR HELD 9 A /ATE ( >RE/4444 ,IT WAS ! RI<T ( PROP]TY ABOLI%$ 9 FACT1 & ! LAW VIOLAT$ 9 SO F> AS IT S]V$ TO DEF5D CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION2 IT WAS A NEW REGIME1 A NEW =M ( SOCIAL LIFE :I* WAS BE+ U%]$ 94 ,& ! GOV]NM5T /OOD BY BECAUSE IT FELT IMPOT5T TO (F] OPPOSITION3 IT ADMITT$ IT LAT] :5 APOLOGIZ+ TO ,P>LIAM5T = ITS FAILURE TO TAKE REPRESSIVE ACTION4 

,! MOVEM5T GREW & %[$ SIGNS ( DRAW+ 9 O!R CATEGORIES ( WORK]S2 H]E & !RE PEASANTS OCCUPI$ ! L&4 ,IT WAS ! BEG9N+ ( A REVOLUTION :I* WAS DEVELOP+1 ,I W\LD SAY1 ALMO/ 9 AN IDEAL WAY4 

,! RE=MI/S NATURALLY FR[N$ ON ! MOVEM5T1 & S\<T TO BR+ IT D[N4 ,! .<SOCIALI/ DAILY.> ,AVANTI6 NOT KN[+ :I* WAY TO TURN1 TRI$ TO MAKE \T ?AT WE W]E PACIFI/S1 BECAUSE 9 ,UMANITA ,NOVA WE HAD SAID ?AT IF ! MOVEM5T SPREAD TO ALL SECTORS ( 9DU/RY1 ?AT IF WORK]S & PEASANTS HAD FOLL[$ ! EXAMPLE ( ! METALLURGI/S1 ( GETT+ RID ( ! BOSSES & TAK+ OV] ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 ! REVOLUTION W\LD SUCCE$ )\T %$D+ A S+LE DROP ( BLOOD4 

,BUT ?IS WAS ( NO AVAIL4 ,! MASSES W]E ) US2 WE W]E CALL$ TO ! FACTORIES TO SPEAK1 TO 5C\RAGE1 & TO ADVISE ! WORK]S1 & W\LD HAVE NE$$ TO BE 9 A ?\S& PLACES AT ONCE TO SATISFY ALL !IR REQUE/S4 ,:]EV] WE W5T IT WAS ! AN>*I/S' SPEE*ES :I* W]E APPLAUD$ :ILE ! RE=MI/S HAD TO )DRAW OR MAKE !MSELVES SC>CE4 

,! MASSES W]E ) US BECAUSE WE W]E ! BE/ 9T]PRET]S ( !IR 9/9CTS1 !IR NE$S1 & 9T]E/S4 

,YET1 ! UND]H& WORK ( ! ,C,G,L.<#a#e#i.> & ! AGREEM5TS 5T]$ 9TO ) ! ,GIOLITTI GOV]NM5T TO CREATE ! IMPRESSION ( A K9D ( VICTORY ?R\< ! %AM ( WORK]S CONTROL WAS SUFFICI5T TO 9DUCE ! WORK]S TO AB&ON ! FACTORIES1 AT ! V]Y MOM5T :5 !IR *ANCES ( SUCCESS W]E GREATE/4.<#a#f.> 

,! OCCUPATION ( ! FACTORIES & ! L& SUIT$ P]FECTLY \R PROGRAM ( ACTION4 

,WE DID ALL WE C\LD1 ?R\< \R PAP] 7,UMANITA ,NOVA DAILY1 & ! V>I\S AN>*I/ & SYNDICALI/ WEEKLIES7 & BY P]SONAL ACTION 9 ! FACTORIES1 = ! MOVEM5T TO GR[ & SPREAD4 ,WE W>N$ ! WORK]S ( :AT W\LD HAPP5 TO !M IF !Y AB&ON$ ! FACTORIES2 WE HELP$ 9 ! PREP>ATION ( >M$ RESI/ANCE1 & EXPLOR$ ! POSSIBILITIES ( MAK+ ! REVOLUTION )\T H>DLY A %OT BE+ FIR$ IF ONLY ! DECISION HAD BE5 TAK5 TO USE ! >MS ?AT HAD BE5 ACCUMULAT$4 

,WE DID NOT SUCCE$1 & ! MOVEM5T COLLAPS$ BECAUSE !RE W]E TOO FEW ( US & ! MASSES W]E 9SUFFICI5TLY PREP>$4 

,:5 ,D',>AGONA .<! SECRET>Y ( ! ,C,G,L.> & ,GIOLITTI .<! ,PRIME ,M9I/].> CONCOCT$ ! F>CE ( WORK]S CONTROL ) ! ACQUIESC5CE ( ! SOCIALI/ P>TY1 :I* WAS AT ! TIME UND] COMMUNI/ LEAD]%IP1 WE PUT ! WORK]S ON !IR GU>D AGA9/ ! WICK$ BETRAYAL4 ,BUT AS SOON AS ! ORD] TO LEAVE ! FACTORIES WAS ISSU$ BY ! ,C,G,L1 ! WORK]S1 :O ?\< !Y HAD ALWAYS RECEIV$ US & CALL$ = US ) 5?USIASM & :O HAD APPLAUD$ \R 9CITEM5T TO ALL-\T RESI/ANCE1 DOCILELY OBEY$ ! ORD]1 ?\< !Y DISPOS$ ( P[]FUL MILIT>Y MEANS = RESI/ANCE4 

,! FE> 9 EA* FACTORY ( REMA9+ ALONE 9 ! /RUGGLE1 AS WELL AS ! DIFFICULTY ( LAY+-9 FOOD SUPPLIES = ! V>I\S /RONG PO9TS 9DUC$ EV]YBODY TO GIVE 91 9 SPITE ( ! OPPOSITION ( 9DIVIDUAL AN>*I/S DISP]S$ AMONG ! FACTORIES4 

,! MOVEM5T C\LD NOT LA/ & TRIUMPH )\T GR[+ & SPREAD+1 & 9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES IT C\LD NOT GR[ )\T ! SUPPORT ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,G,L & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY :I* DISPOS$ ( ! L>GE MAJORITY ( ORGANIZ$ WORK]S4 ,BO? ,CONF$]ATION & ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY 79CLUD+ ! COMMUNI/S7 L9$ UP AGA9/ ! MOVEM5T & IT ALL HAD TO 5D 9 A VICTORY = ! BOSSES4.<#a#f#a.> 

#a#i4 ,WORK]S & ,9TELLECTUALS 

,! ORIG9 ( ?IS DIVISION ( M5 9TO 09TELLECTUALS0 7:O (T5 >E SIMPLY IDLE PEOPLE )\T ANY 9TELLECTUALITY7 & 0WORK]S0 CAN BE F\ND 9 ! FACT ?AT AT TIMES & 9 CIRCUM/ANCES :5 TO PRODUCE 5\< TO AMPLY SATISFY ONE'S NE$S DEM&$ EXCESSIVE & UNPLEASANT EF=T1 & :5 ONE IGNOR$ ! ADVANTAGES ( SOLID>ITY & COOP]ATION1 ! /RONGE/ OR ! MORE =TUNATE1 F\ND A WAY ( OBLIG+ O!RS TO WORK = !M4 ,?IS MANUAL WORK1 AP>T FROM BE+ MORE OR LESS EXHAU/+1 ALSO BECAME A SYMBOL ( SOCIAL 9F]IORITY2 & ?US ! SEIGNEURS WILL+LY TIR$ !MSELVES & KILL$ EA* O!R 9 EQUE/RIAN EX]CISES1 DANG]\S & EXHAU/+ HUNTS1 & WORE !MSELVES \T 9 COMPETITIONS1 BUT W\LD FEEL DI%ONOR$ AT HAV+ TO DIRTY !IR H&S DO+ EV5 ! LI<TE/ PRODUCTIVE JOB4 ,WORK WAS SOME?+ = SLAVES TO DO2 & SU* IS /ILL ! CASE TODAY 9 SPITE ( GREAT] KN[L$GE & ! ADVANCES 9 APPLI$ ME*ANICS & SCI5CE1 :I* MAKE IT EASY TO PROVIDE 9 ABUNDANCE = ! NE$S ( ALL BY PLEASANT WORK1 REASONABLE 9 ITS DURATION & 9 ! PHYSICAL EF=T DEM&$4 

,:5 EV]YBODY WILL HAVE ! FREE USE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & NO MAN WILL BE ABLE TO OBLIGE O!RS TO WORK = HIM1 !N IT WILL BE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ALL TO ORGANIZE WORK SO ?AT IT IS AS PRODUCTIVE & PLEASANT AS POSSIBLE--& !N EV]YBODY WILL BE ABLE TO PURSUE !IR /UDIES1 USEFUL OR USELESS1 )\T !REBY BECOM+ P>ASITES4 ,!RE W\LD BE NO P>ASITES1 FIR/LY BECAUSE NO ONE W\LD WANT TO KEEP P>ASITES & !N BECAUSE EV]YBODY W\LD F9D ?AT BY GIV+ !IR %>E ( MANUAL LABOR T[>DS PRODUCTION !Y W\LD AT ! SAME TIME SATISFY !IR BODY'S NE$ = PHYSICAL ACTIVITY4 

,ALL W\LD WORK1 9CLUD+ ! POETS & ! TRANSC5D5TAL PHILOSOPH]S1 )\T ANY ILL EFFECTS TO POETRY OR PHILOSOPHY4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y4444.<#a#f#b.> 

,WE HAVE NO 0WORK+ CLASS0 PREJUDICES1 NO PREF]5CES = ! MANUAL WORK] BECAUSE HE IS A MANUAL WORK]1 & ABOVE ALL NO ADMIRATION = ! UN$UCAT$ & ! ILLIT]ATES1 :O1 NEV]!LESS1 HAVE ! VALID EXCUSE1 ?AT !IR CONDITION IS NOT !IR FAULT4 

,WE >E REVOLUTION>IES1 & KN[ ?AT A REVOLUTION MADE )\T ! P>TICIPATION ( =CES & VALUES :I* CANNOT BE ACQUIR$ )\T AN 9TELLECTUAL BACKGR\ND1 C\LD WELL APPE> TO BE RADICAL1 BUT 9 FACT W\LD BE NO MORE ?AN AN EXPLOSION ( ANG] )\T SIGNIFICANCE & )\T A FUTURE4 ,& = ?IS REASON WE ALWAYS WELCOME ) OP5 >MS ! SUPPORT ( WRIT]S1 >TI/S1 SCI5TI/S1 5G9E]S1 TE*NICIANS1 & O!RS :O CAN (F] ! CONC\RSE ( 9TELLECTS RI* 9 IDEAS & 9=M$ BY FACTS4 

,BUT ON ! O!R H& WE KN[ ?AT MO/ ( ! SO-CALL$ 9TELLECTUALS >E1 BY REASON ( !IR $UCATION1 !IR FAMILY BACKGR\ND1 !IR CLASS PREJUDICES1 TI$ TO ! ,E/ABLI%M5T1 & T5D TO WANT ! SUBJECTION ( ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE TO !IR WILL4 ,:]EAS ! MASS ( WORK]S1 EV5 IF !Y >E IGNORANT OR ILLIT]ATE1 CON/ITUTE1 BECAUSE ( !IR NE$S & !IR PASSION = JU/ICE :I* COMES TO !M FROM ! 9JU/ICE TO :I* !Y >E SUBJECT$1 ! PR9CIPAL =CE BEH9D ! REVOLUTION & ! GU>ANTEE ?AT IT WILL NOT RESOLVE ITSELF 9TO A SIMPLE *ANGE ( MA/]S4 

,!RE=E WE ACCEPT ! 9TELLECTUALS ) PLEASURE & )\T SUSPICION :5 !Y FUZE ) ! WORK+ CLASS1 :5 !Y JO9 ! PEOPLE )\T PRET5SIONS TO COMM&2 )\T A PATRONIZ+ AIR ( CONDESC5SION1 BUT ) ! OP5 M9D ( SOMEONE :O COMES 9 ! MID/ ( BRO!RS TO REPAY !M ! DEBT HE HAS CONTRACT$ 9 $UCAT+ HIMSELF & CULTIVAT+ HIS 9TELLECT :I*1 9 MO/ CASES1 IS AT ! EXP5SE ( ! *ILDR5 ( ?OSE :OSE MANUAL WORK HAS PRODUC$ ! MEANS4.<#a#f#c.> 

,EMMA ,GOLDMAN .<9 0,MY FUR!R ,DISILLUSIONM5T 9 ,RUSSIA0.> GIVES AS AMONG ! MA9 CAUSES = ! FAILURE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ! HO/ILITY1 ! HATR$ ?AT WORK]S FELT = ! 9TELLECTUALS1 & !IR CONTEMPT = SCI5CE & ! ?+S ( ! M9D4 

,?IS DOESN'T SEEM TO ME TO BE QUITE CORRECT4 

,WORK]S HAVE EV5 TOO MU* RESPECT & ADMIRATION = $UCAT$ PEOPLE 444 :O V]Y (T5 HAVE V]Y LITTLE $UCATION4 ,& ?IS ATTITUDE IS BO? A GOOD ?+ AS WELL AS BAD4 ,= !RE >E ALL K9DS ( 9TELLECTUALS1 REVOLUTION>Y & REACTION>Y1 GOOD ONES & BAD ONES1 & ABOVE ALL H>MFUL ONES AS WELL AS USEFUL ONES1 DEP5D+ ON ! SUBJECT TO :I* !Y HAVE DIRECT$ !IR /UDIES & !IR ACTIVITIES4 ,!RE >E SCI5TI/S1 DOCTORS1 5G9E]S1 >TI/S1 & TEA*]S1 BUT !RE >E ALSO PRIE/S1 LAWY]S1 POLITICIANS1 & MILIT>I/S4 

,?US IT IS 9 ,ITALY1 & ,I IMAG9E IT MU/ BE ! SAME 9 ,RUSSIA1 S9CE ONE OBS]VES ?AT ALL1 OR AT LEA/ ALMO/ ALL1 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION1 >E 9TELLECTUALS2 9DE$ ONE CAN SAY ?AT ! /RUGGLE HAS TAK5 PLACE BETWE5 9TELLECTUALS :ILE ! MASS1 AS IS USUAL1 HAS S]V$ AS ! 9/RUM5T .<9 !IR /RUGGLE.>4 

,SURELY SO LONG AS SCI5CE & HI<] $UCATION WILL BE A PRIVILEGE ( ! FEW 7& IT WILL BE SO SO LONG AS EXI/+ ECONOMIC CONDITIONS PREVAIL7 IT IS 9EVITABLE ?AT ?OSE :O HAVE KN[L$GE WILL PR$OM9ATE OV] ?OSE :O HAV5'T2 BUT TO PREV5T ?IS PREPOND]ANCE FROM BE+ A REASON & A MEANS TO P]PETUATE PRES5T EVILS OR TO CREATE NEW PRIVILEGES & NEW TYRANNIES1 ONE MU/ AT ! SAME TIME /RESS ! GLORY ( SCI5CE & ! USEFULNESS & ! NE$ = TE*NICAL DIRECTION1 & 9SPIRE ?OSE :O >E IGNORANT ) ! DESIRE TO $UCATE & RAISE !MSELVES1 BUT ONE MU/ ALSO MAKE !M FEEL & UND]/& ?AT IGNORANCE IS NOT A REASON = BE+ OPPRESS$ & ILL-TREAT$1 BUT RA!R GIVES ONE A RI<T TO GREAT] CONSID]ATION BY WAY ( COMP5SATION = BE+ DEPRIV$ ( ?OSE ?+S ?AT >E AMONG ! BE/ 9 HUMAN CIVILIZATION4 

,& 09TELLECTUALS10 :O HAVE HAD ! GOOD =TUNE ( RECEIV+ AN $UCATION1 IF !Y TAKE P>T 9 A REVOLUTION ?R\< A S9C]E LOVE = ! GOOD ( O!RS1 MU/ PUT !MSELVES AT ! LEVEL ( ! LEA/ =TUNATE TO HELP !M TO RAISE !MSELVES1 & NOT LOOK UPON ! MASS AS A FLOCK TO LEAD 444 & TO FLEECE1 DEPRIV+ !M !REBY ( ! *ANCE ( $UCAT+ !MSELVES 9 RESPONSIBILITY & FRE$OM1 & EV5 WORSE1 OBLIG+ !M TO OB$I5CE BY REC\RSE TO ! G5D>MES4.<#a#f#d.> 

,:AT WE W\LD CALL ! NATURAL T5D5CY ( 9TELLECTUALS1 IS TO KEEP AP>T FROM ! PEOPLE1 & TO =M !MSELVES 9TO COT]IES2 TO GIVE !MSELVES AIRS & 5D UP BY BELIEV+ !MSELVES PROTECTORS & SAVIORS :O ! MASSES %\LD WOR%IP 444 & MA9TA94 ,TO SEP>ATE !M FROM ! MASSES1 TO GIVE !M ! ILLUSION ( FI<T+ = ! G5]AL GOOD :ILE !Y 5JOY ADVANTAGES & DIFF]5T /&>DS ( LIFE1 WILL 5C\RAGE JU/ :AT ! DRAFT]S ( ! ,APPEAL .<= AN ,9T]NATIONAL ( ,9TELLECTUALS.> SO RI<TLY DEPRECATE3 ! =MATION ( 0A H>MFUL & DANG]\S CA/E0 9SIDE ! WORK+-CLASS MOVEM5T4 

,& 9 ANY CASE1 :AT C\LD BE ! ACTIVITY & ! MISSION ( ?IS SPECIAL ,9T]NATIONAL8 

,IF IT W]E A QUE/ION ( AN ASSOCIATION1 SU* AS ALREADY EXI/1 TO HELP 9 ! /UDY ( SCI5CE1 HI/ORY & LIT]ATURE1 OR 9 ORD] TO DISSEM9ATE A G5]AL CULTURE AMONG ! PEOPLE1 ! PROJECT MI<T BE POSSIBLE & USEFUL4 ,& ALL 5LI<T5$ PEOPLE IRRESPECTIVE ( P>TY & CLASS C\LD PLAY A P>T 9 SU* A V5TURE4 ,! TRU?1 SCI5CE1 IS NEI!R B\RGEOIS NOR PROLET>IAN1 NEI!R REVOLUTION>Y NOR CONS]VATIVE1 & EV]YBODY CAN FEEL 9T]E/$ 9 ITS PROGRESS4 

,BUT :AT IS PROPOS$ IS AN ORGANIZATION = /RUGGLE1 AN ORGANIZATION :I* WANTS TO TAKE ITS PLACE 9 ! SOCIAL /RUGGLE4 ,& 9 ?AT CASE H[ C\LD M5 BE HELD TOGE!R & WORK USEFULLY1 :O1 EV5 IF !Y MORE OR LESS %>E EQUAL F9AL OBJECTIVES1 PURSUE DIFF]5T MEANS1 BELONG TO RIVAL POLITICAL P>TIES & :O 9 EV]Y PRACTICAL ISSUE W\LD F9D !MSELVES L9$ UP AGA9/ EA* O!R8 ,H[ CAN PACIFI/S & W> SUPPORT]S1 REVOLUTION>IES & LEGALIT>IANS1 DEMOCRATS & TOTALIT>IANS1 AU?ORIT>IANS & AN>*I/S BE MADE TO AGREE8 

,9 PRACTICE ?IS IS :AT MU/ HAPP5 TO EV]Y ,9TELLECTUAL ,9T]NATIONAL1 :I* IS NEI!R A PURELY SCI5TIFIC & A POLITICAL 9/ITUTION NOR AN ORGANIZATION CLOSELY L9K$ TO ONE P>TY4 ,A FEW POMP\S MANIFE/OES1 ! DECORATIVE SUPPORT ( A FEW 0BIG NAMES10 ( ?OSE :O ?R\< VANITY OR LAZ9ESS ALWAYS SAY YES 444 FOLL[$ BY A FICTITI\S1 RICKETY & USELESS EXI/5CE4 ,& EV5 ?IS M]E PRETE5S ( LIFE W\LD NOT CONT9UE )\T CREAT+ A BUREAUCRACY 9T]E/$ 9 ! CONT9UATION ( ! ORGANIZATION 444 & 9 ITS SAL>IES4 ,?IS BUREAUCRACY1 ONCE ! F\ND]S TIRE & )DRAW1 W\LD MANAGE = A LONG TIME TO FILL ! MEMB]S LI/S ) ! NAMES ( ?\S&S :O KN[+ H[ TO READ & WRITE MORE OR LESS WELL1 5JOY GIV+ !MSELVES AIRS ( BE+ WRIT]S4 

,BUT 9 :AT WAY W\LD ?IS BE USEFUL TO ! CAUSE8 

,= !SE REASONS ,I BELIEVE ?AT \R FRI5DS :O HAVE GOT CAU<T UP 9 ?IS V5TURE W\LD DO WELL TO REPEAT1 AT A DI/ANCE ( FIFTY YE>S1 ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9'S GE/URE :5 HAV+ DECL>$ AT A ,CONGRESS ( ! ,ASSOCIATION = ,PEACE & ,LIB]TY1 ?AT PEACE & LIB]TY C\LD NOT BE SECUR$ EXCEPT BY /RUGGLE AMONG ! WORK]S = SOCIAL JU/ICE1 HE AB&ON$ ?AT ,ASSOCIATION1 :I* WAS ALSO A K9D ( ,9T]NATIONAL ( 9TELLECTUALS1 &1 ) ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ M9ORITY ATT5D+ ! ,CONGRESS1 JO9$ ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK]S' ,ASSOCIATION4444.<#a#f#e.> 

#b4 ,AN>*ISM1 ,SOCIALISM1 & ,COMMUNISM 

,IT IS TRUE ?AT AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S HAVE ALWAYS PR(\NDLY DISAGRE$ 9 !IR CONCEPTS ( HI/ORIC EVOLUTION & ! REVOLUTION>Y CRISES ?AT ?IS EVOLUTION CREATES1 & CONSEQU5TLY !Y HAVE H>DLY EV] BE5 9 AGREEM5T ON ! MEANS TO ADOPT1 OR ! OPPORTUNITIES ?AT HAVE EXI/$ FROM TIME TO TIME TO OP5 UP ! WAY T[>DS HUMAN EMANCIPATION4 

,BUT ?IS IS ONLY AN 9CID5TAL & M9OR DISAGREEM5T4 

,!RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 SOCIALI/S :O HAVE BE5 9 A HURRY1 JU/ AS !RE >E ALSO AN>*I/S :O WANT TO ADVANCE ) LEAD5 FEET1 & EV5 SOME :O DO NOT BELIEVE AT ALL 9 REVOLUTION4 ,! IMPORTANT1 FUNDAM5TAL DISS5SION IS QUITE ANO!R3 SOCIALI/S >E AU?ORIT>IANS1 AN>*I/S >E LIB]T>IANS4 

,SOCIALI/S WANT P[]1 :E!R BY PEACEFUL MEANS OR BY =CE IS ( NO CONSEQU5CE TO !M1 & ONCE 9 (FICE1 WI% TO IMPOSE !IR PROGRAM ON ! PEOPLE BY DICTATORIAL OR DEMOCRATIC MEANS4 ,AN>*I/S 9/EAD MA9TA91 ?AT GOV]NM5T CANNOT BE O!R ?AN H>MFUL1 & BY ITS NATURE IT DEF5DS EI!R AN EXI/+ PRIVILEG$ CLASS OR CREATES A NEW ONE2 & 9/EAD ( ASPIR+ TO TAKE ! PLACE ( ! EXI/+ GOV]NM5T AN>*I/S SEEK TO DE/ROY EV]Y ORGANISM :I* EMP[]S SOME TO IMPOSE !IR [N IDEAS & 9T]E/S ON O!RS1 = !Y WANT TO FREE ! WAY = DEVELOPM5T T[>DS BETT] =MS ( HUMAN FELL[%IP :I* WILL EM]GE FROM EXP]I5CE1 BY EV]YBODY BE+ FREE &1 HAV+1 ( C\RSE1 ! ECONOMIC MEANS TO MAKE FRE$OM POSSIBLE AS WELL AS A REALITY4 

,IT SEEMS UNBELIEVABLE ?AT EV5 TODAY1 AFT] :AT HAS HAPP5$ & IS HAPP5+ 9 ,RUSSIA .<#a#i#b#a.>1 !RE >E /ILL PEOPLE :O IMAG9E ?AT ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S IS ONLY ?AT ( WANT+ ! REVOLUTION SL[LY OR 9 A HURRY4.<#a#f#f.> 

,! DEMOCRATIC SOCIALI/ P>TY 444 WAS BORN 9 ,ITALY AS A CONSEQU5CE ( \R MI/AKES & ( ! DEG5]ATION ( ! REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT AMONG ! PEOPLE2 & IT WILL FALL1 OR BE R$UC$ TO A P>TY ( M]E POLITICIANS1 :5 WE1 HAV+ LE>N$ FROM PA/ FAILURES1 >E ABLE TO BE ACTIVE AMONG ! MASSES1 & CREATE A REVOLUTION>Y SPIRIT 9 ! ,ITALIAN PEOPLE4 

,9 ANY CASE ! DEMOCRATIC SOCIALI/S W\LD BE WRONG IF !Y W]E TO SEEK TO DRAW PR(IT FROM !SE 0CONFESSIONS ( AN AN>*I/10 S9CE WE [E \R MI/AKES1 COMMON TO ALL ! OLD REVOLUTION>Y S*OOLS1 9 L>GE MEASURE TO ,M>XI/ !ORIES1 :I* WE AN>*I/S HAVE ALL %>$ AT SOME TIME1 9 A MORE LOGICAL IF LESS OR?ODOX MANN] ?AN ?OSE PR(ESS+ TO BE ,M>XI/S 7NOT EXCLUD+ ,M>X HIMSELF POSSIBLY7 BUT WE HAVE BE5 %$D+ !SE !ORIES AS WE HAVE FRE$ \RSELVES FROM ! ]RORS ( ,M>XISM4.<#a#f#g.> 

,FROM #a#h#g#a1 :5 WE BEGAN \R PROPAG&A 9 ,ITALY1 WE HAVE ALWAYS BE51 & HAVE ALWAYS CALL$ \RSELVES SOCIALI/-AN>*I/S4 ,9 CONV]SATION1 WE W\LD ALSO CALL \RSELVES JU/ AN>*I/S1 BECAUSE IT WAS UND]/OOD ?AT ! AN>*I/S W]E SOCIALI/S1 JU/ AS 9 E>LI] DAYS1 :5 WE W]E ! ONLY SOCIALI/S 9 ,ITALY1 WE (T5 CALL$ \RSELVES SIMPLY SOCIALI/S1 S9CE IT WAS G5]ALLY UND]/OOD ?AT SOCIALI/S W]E ALSO AN>*I/S4 ,WE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ( ! OP9ION ?AT SOCIALISM & AN>*Y >E TWO WORDS :I* BASICALLY HAVE ! SAME MEAN+1 S9CE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO HAVE ECONOMIC EMANCIPATION 7ABOLITION ( PROP]TY7 )\T POLITICAL EMANCIPATION 7ABOLITION ( GOV]NM5T7 & VICE V]SA4.<#a#f#h.> 

,SOCIAL DEMOCRATS />T (F FROM ! PR9CIPLE ?AT ! ,/ATE1 GOV]NM5T1 IS NONE O!R ?AN ! POLITICAL ORGAN ( ! DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,9 A CAPITALI/IC SOCIETY1 !Y SAY1 ! ,/ATE NECESS>ILY S]VES ! 9T]E/S ( ! CAPITALI/S & 5SURES = !M ! RI<T TO EXPLOIT ! WORK]S2 BUT ?AT 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 :5 PRIVATE PROP]TY W]E TO BE ABOLI%$1 & ) ! DE/RUCTION ( ECONOMIC PRIVILEGE CLASS DI/9CTIONS W\LD DISAPPE>1 !N ! ,/ATE W\LD REPRES5T EV]YBODY & BECOME ! IMP>TIAL ORGAN REPRES5T+ ! SOCIAL 9T]E/S ( ALL MEMB]S ( SOCIETY4 

,H]E A DIFFICULTY IMM$IATELY >ISES4 ,IF IT BE TRUE ?AT ,GOV]NM5T IS NECESS>ILY1 & ALWAYS1 ! 9/RUM5T ( ?OSE :O POSSESS ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 H[ CAN ?IS MIRACLE ( A SOCIALI/ GOV]NM5T >IS+ 9 ! MIDDLE ( A CAPITALI/ REGIME ) ! AIM ( ABOLI%+ CAPITALISM1 COME AB\T8 ,WILL IT BE AS ,M>X & ,BLANQUI WI%$ BY MEANS ( A DICTATOR%IP IMPOS$ BY REVOLUTION>Y MEANS1 BY A C\P DE =CE1 :I* BY REVOLUTION DECREES & IMPOSES ! CONFISCATION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY 9 FAVOR ( ! /ATE1 AS REPRES5TATIVE ( ! 9T]E/S ( ! COLLECTIVITY8 ,OR WILL IT BE1 AS APP>5TLY ALL ,M>XI/S1 & MO/ MOD]N ,BLANQUI/S BELIEVE1 BY MEANS ( A SOCIALI/ MAJORITY ELECT$ TO ,P>LIAM5T BY UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE8 ,WILL ONE PROCE$ 9 ONE /EP TO ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! RUL+ CLASS BY ! ECONOMICALLY SUBJECT$ CLASS1 OR WILL ONE PROCE$ GRADUALLY 9 OBLIG+ PROP]TY [N]S & CAPITALI/S TO ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE DEPRIV$ ( ALL !IR PRIVILEGES A BIT AT A TIME8 

,ALL ?IS SEEMS /RANGELY 9 CONTRADICTION ) ! !ORY ( 0HI/ORIC MAT]IALISM0 :I* IS A FUNDAM5TAL DOGMA = ,M>XI/S4444.<#a#f#i.> 

0,COMMUNISM IS ! ROAD ?AT LEADS 9 ! DIRECTION ( AN>*ISM40 ,?IS IS ! !ORY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS2 ! !ORY ( ,M>XI/S & AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIALI/S ( ALL S*OOLS4 ,ALL RECOGNIZE ?AT AN>*Y IS A SUBLIME IDEAL1 ?AT IT IS ! GOAL T[>DS :I* MANK9D IS1 OR %\LD1 BE MOV+1 BUT !Y ALL WANT TO BECOME ! GOV]NM5T1 TO OBLIGE ! PEOPLE TO TAKE ! RI<T ROAD4 ,AN>*I/S SAY 9/EAD1 ?AT AN>*Y IS ! WAY ?AT LEADS TO COMMUNISM 444 OR ELSE:]E4 

,TO A*IEVE COMMUNISM BE=E AN>*Y1 ?AT IS BE=E HAV+ CONQU]$ COMPLETE POLITICAL & ECONOMIC LIB]TY1 W\LD MEAN 7AS IT HAS MEANT 9 ,RUSSIA7 /ABILIZ+ ! MO/ HATEFUL TYRANNY1 TO ! PO9T :]E PEOPLE LONG = ! B\RGEOIS REGIME1 & TO RETURN LAT] 7AS WILL HAPP5 9 ,RUSSIA7 TO A CAPITALI/IC SY/EM AS A RESULT ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( ORGANIZ+ A SOCIAL LIFE :I* IS BE>ABLE & AS A REACTION ( ! SPIRIT ( LIB]TY :I* IS NOT A PRIVILEGE ( ! 0LAT9 SPIRIT0 AS ! ,COMMUNI/ FOOLI%LY ACCUSES ME ( SAY+1 BUT A NECESSITY ( ! HUMAN SPIRIT = ACTION 9 ,RUSSIA NO LESS ?AN 9 ,ITALY4 

,H[EV] MU* WE DETE/ ! DEMOCRATIC LIE1 :I* 9 ! NAME ( ! 0PEOPLE0 OPPRESSES ! PEOPLE 9 ! 9T]E/S ( A CLASS1 WE DETE/ EV5 MORE1 IF ?AT IS POSSIBLE1 ! DICTATOR%IP :I*1 9 ! NAME ( ! 0PROLET>IAT0 PLACES ALL ! /R5G? & ! V]Y LIVES ( ! WORK]S 9 ! H&S ( ! CREATURES ( A SO-CALL$ COMMUNI/ P>TY1 :O WILL P]PETUATE !IR P[] & 9 ! 5D RECON/RUCT ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM = !IR [N ADVANTAGE4.<#a#g.> 

,:5 ,F4 ,5GELS1 P]HAPS TO C\NT] AN>*I/ CRITICISMS1 SAID ?AT ONCE CLASSES DISAPPE> ! ,/ATE AS SU* HAS NO RAISON D'ETRE & TRANS=MS ITSELF FROM A GOV]NM5T OV] M5 9TO AN ADM9I/RATION ( ?+S1 HE WAS M]ELY PLAY+ ) WORDS4 ,:OEV] HAS P[] OV] ?+S HAS P[] OV] M52 :OEV] GOV]NS PRODUCTION ALSO GOV]NS ! PRODUC]S2 :O DET]M9ES CONSUMPTION IS MA/] OV] ! CONSUM]4 

,?IS IS ! QUE/ION2 EI!R ?+S >E ADM9I/]$ ON ! BASIS ( FREE AGREEM5T AMONG ! 9T]E/$ P>TIES1 & ?IS IS AN>*Y2 OR !Y >E ADM9I/]$ ACCORD+ TO LAWS MADE BY ADM9I/RATORS & ?IS IS GOV]NM5T1 IT IS ! ,/ATE1 & 9EVITABLY IT TURNS \T TO BE TYRANNICAL4 

,IT IS NOT A QUE/ION ( ! GOOD 9T5TIONS OR ! GOOD WILL ( ?IS OR ?AT MAN1 BUT ( ! 9EVITABILITY ( ! SITUATION1 & ( ! T5D5CIES :I* MAN G5]ALLY DEVELOPS 9 GIV5 CIRCUM/ANCES4.<#a#g#a.> 

,:AT IS ! TRUE BASIS ( ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 AN>*I/S & ,/ATE COMMUNI/S8 ,WE >E = FRE$OM1 = ! WIDE/ & MO/ COMPLETE FRE$OM ( ?\<T1 ORGANIZATION1 & ACTION4 ,WE >E = ! FRE$OM ( ALL1 & IT IS !RE=E OBVI\S1 & NOT NECESS>Y TO CONT9UALLY SAY SO1 ?AT EV]YONE 9 EX]CIS+ HIS RI<T TO FRE$OM MU/ RESPECT ! EQUAL FRE$OM ( EV]YBODY ELSE3 O!RWISE !RE IS OPPRESSION ON ONE SIDE & ! RI<T TO RESI/ & TO REBEL ON ! O!R4 

,BUT ,/ATE COMMUNI/S1 TO AN EV5 GREAT] EXT5T ?AN ALL O!R AU?ORIT>IANS1 >E 9CAPABLE ( CONCEIV+ FRE$OM & ( RESPECT+ = ALL HUMAN BE+S ! DIGNITY ?AT !Y EXPECT1 OR %\LD EXPECT1 FROM O!RS4 ,IF ONE SPEAKS TO !M ( FRE$OM !Y IMM$IATELY ACCUSE ONE ( WANT+ TO RESPECT1 OR AT LEA/ TOL]ATE1 ! FRE$OM TO OPPRESS & EXPLOIT ONE'S FELL[ BE+S4 ,& IF Y\ SAY ?AT Y\ REJECT VIOL5CE :5 IT EXCE$S ! LIMITS IMPOS$ BY ! NE$S ( DEF5SE1 !Y ACCUSE Y\ ( 444 PACIFISM1 )\T UND]/&+ ?AT VIOL5CE IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( AU?ORIT>IANISM1 JU/ AS ! REPUDIATION ( VIOL5CE IS ! :OLE ESS5CE ( AN>*ISM4.<#a#g#b.> 

,MON>*Y IS ! MO/ SUITABLE POLITICAL =M TO IMPOSE RESPECT = ! PRIVILEGES ( A CLOS$ CA/E2 & ?US EV]Y >I/OCRACY1 :ATEV] ! CIRCUM/ANCE BY :I* IT HAS COME 9TO BE+1 T5DS TO E/ABLI% A MON>*ICAL REGIME1 OP5LY OR DISGUIS$2 JU/ AS EV]Y MON>*Y1 T5DS TO CREATE & P]PETUATE AN ALL-P[]FUL >I/OCRACY4 ,! ,P>LIAM5T>Y SY/EM1 ?AT IS ! REPUBLIC 7S9CE CON/ITUTIONAL MON>*Y IS 9 FACT ONLY A HALF-WAY SY/EM 9 :I* ! FUNCTION ( P>LIAM5T IS /ILL CLUTT]$ UP ) MON>*ICAL & >I/OCRATIC HANGOV]S7 IS ! MO/ CONV5I5T SY/EM = ! B\RGEOISIE2 & EV]Y REPUBLIC T5DS 9 ! DIRECTION ( ! CON/ITUTION ( A B\RGEOIS CLASS1 JU/ AS1 ON ! O!R H&1 AT HE>T1 IF NOT 9 APPE>ANCES1 ! B\RGEOISIE IS ALWAYS REPUBLICAN4 

,BUT :I* IS ! POLITICAL =M MO/ READILY ADAPTABLE TO ! REALIZATION ( ! PR9CIPLE ( SOLID>ITY 9 HUMAN RELATIONS8 ,:AT IS ! ME?OD :I* MO/ SURELY CAN LEAD US TO ! COMPLETE & DEF9ITE TRIUMPH ( SOCIALISM8 

,( C\RSE IT IS NOT POSSIBLE TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION ) ABSOLUTE C]TA9TY BECAUSE ONE IS DEAL+ ) ?+S ?AT HAVE NOT YET TAK5 PLACE1 & LOGICAL D$UCTIONS NECESS>ILY LACK ! EVID5CE ( EXP]I5CE4 ,ONE MU/ !RE=E BE SATISFI$ ) ! SOLUTION :I* SEEMS TO (F] ! GREATE/ POSSIBILITIES ( SUCCESS4 ,BUT ?AT ELEM5T ( D\BT1 :I* ALWAYS REMA9S 9 ! HUMAN SPIRIT :5 IT IS A QUE/ION ( HI/ORICAL PR$ICTION1 & :I* IS LIKE A DOOR :I* HAS BE5 LEFT OP5 9 ! HUMAN BRA9 TO RECEIVE NEW TRU?S1 MU/ MAKE US MORE TOL]ANT & MORE DISPOS$ TO BE CORDIALLY SYMPA!TIC T[>DS ?OSE :O SEEK ! SAME GOALS BUT BY O!R ROADS1 )\T1 H[EV]1 P>ALYZ+ \R ACTION OR PREV5T+ US FROM *OOS+ \R WAY & FOLL[+ IT RESOLUTELY4 

,! BASIC *>ACT]I/IC ( SOCIALISM IS ITS EQUAL APPLICATION TO ALL MEMB]S ( SOCIETY4 ,= ?IS REASON NO ONE MU/ BE 9 A POSITION TO EXPLOIT ! LABOR ( ANO!R BY CAPTUR+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 & NO ONE MU/ BE ABLE TO IMPOSE HIS WILL ON O!RS BY MEANS ( BRUTE =CE1 OR1 :I* IS ! SAME ?+1 BY CAPTUR+ POLITICAL P[]3 ECONOMIC EXPLOITATION & POLITICAL DOM9ATION BE+ TWO CONT9UALLY 9T]ACT+ ASPECTS ( ! SAME ?+--! SUBJECTION ( MAN BY MAN4 

,TO ATTA9 TO1 & CONSOLIDATE SOCIALISM IT W\LD SEEM ?AT A MEANS IS NE$$ :I* CANNOT AT ! SAME TIME BE A S\RCE ( EXPLOITATION & DOM9ATION & LEAD TO A =M ( ORGANIZATION :I* IS MO/ READILY ADAPTABLE TO ! DIFF]5T & V>I$ 9T]E/S & PREF]5CES ( 9DIVIDUALS & HUMAN GR\PS4 ,?IS MEANS IT CANNOT BE DICTATOR%IP 7MON>*Y1 CAES>ISM1 ETC47 S9CE IT REPLACES ! WILL & 9TELLIG5CE ( ALL BY ?AT ( ONE OR A FEW2 IT T5DS TO IMPOSE ON EV]YBODY UNIV]SAL RULES 9 SPITE ( A DIFF]5CE 9 CONDITIONS2 IT CREATES ! NECESSITY = AN >M$ =CE TO IMPOSE OB$I5CE ON RECALCITRANTS2 IT GIVES RISE TO RIVAL 9T]E/S AMONG ! MASSES & ?OSE :O >E CLOSE/ TO P[]2 & IT 5DS EI!R ) SUCCESSFUL REBELLION OR 9 ! CONSOLIDATION ( A RUL+ CLASS1 :I*1 ( C\RSE1 ALSO BECOMES ! [N+ CLASS4 ,NEI!R DOES P>LIAM5T>ISM 7DEMOCRACY1 REPUBLIC7 APPE> TO BE A GOOD MEANS S9CE IT TOO SUB/ITUTES ! WILL ( A FEW = ?AT ( ALL1 & IF ON ! ONE H& IT ALL[S A LITTLE MORE FRE$OM ?AN DICTATOR%IP1 ON ! O!R IT CREATES GREAT] ILLUSIONS1 & 9 ! NAME ( A FICTITI\S COLLECTIVE 9T]E/1 RIDES R\<%OD OV] EV]Y REAL 9T]E/1 & BY MEANS ( ELECTIONS & ! VOTE1 DISREG>DS ! WI%ES ( EA* & EV]YONE4 

,!RE REMA9S FREE ORGANIZATION1 FROM BEL[ UPW>DS1 FROM ! SIMPLE TO ! COMPLEX1 ?R\< FREE AGREEM5T & ! F$]ATION ( ASSOCIATIONS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 ?AT IS AN>*Y4 ,& ?IS IS ! MEANS WE PREF]4 

,= US1 !N1 SOCIALISM & AN>*Y >E NEI!R ANTAGONI/IC NOR EQUIVAL5T T]MS2 BUT !Y >E T]MS :I* >E CLOSELY L9K$1 JU/ AS ! 5DS IS L9K$ TO ITS NECESS>Y MEANS1 JU/ AS ! SUB/ANCE IS L9K$ TO ! =M IT EMBODIES4 

,SOCIALISM )\T AN>*Y1 ?AT IS ,/ATE SOCIALISM1 SEEMS IMPOSSIBLE TO US1 S9CE IT W\LD BE DE/ROY$ BY ! V]Y ORGANISM DE/9$ TO SUPPORT IT4 ,AN>*Y )\T SOCIALISM SEEMS EQUALLY IMPOSSIBLE TO US1 = 9 SU* A CASE IT C\LD NOT BE O!R ?AN ! DOM9ATION ( ! /RONGE/1 & W\LD !RE=E SET 9 MOTION RI<T AWAY ! ORGANIZATION & CONSOLIDATION ( ?IS DOM9ION1 ?AT IS TO ! CON/ITUTION ( GOV]NM5T4.<#a#g#c.> 

#b#a4 ,AN>*I/S & ! ,LIMITS ( ,POLITICAL ,CO-,EXI/5CE 

0,EV]Y:]E & AT ALL TIMES1 ESPECIALLY S9CE MY RETURN TO ,ITALY .<#a#i#a#i.> ,I HAVE REPEAT$LY /AT$ ?AT A UNION ( 9T5T IS POSSIBLE1 9 SPITE ( \R DISAGREEM5TS1 TO BR+ AB\T REAL & LA/+ RESULTS :I* WILL REALLY ALL[ ! WORK]S TO CONQU] WELL-BE+ & FRE$OM4 ,NOT ONLY HAVE ,I REPEAT$LY DECL>$ ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE2 ,I ALSO BELIEVE IT TO BE NECESS>Y40 

0,Y\ MEAN TO SAY ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y = ! REVOLUTION 4440 

0,C]TA9LY6 ,IF WE AN>*I/S C\LD A*IEVE ! REVOLUTION ON \R [N1 OR IF ! SOCIALI/S C\LD ON !IR [N1 WE C\LD 5JOY ! LUXURY ( EA* ACT+ 9DEP5D5TLY & ( P]HAPS QU>REL+4 ,BUT ! REVOLUTION WILL BE MADE BY ALL ! PROLET>IAT1 ALL ! PEOPLE1 :]EAS ! SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S >E A NUM]ICAL M9ORITY1 ?\< !Y APPE> TO 5JOY ! SYMPA?Y ( ! PEOPLE AS A :OLE4 ,= US TO BE DIVID$ EV5 :]E !RE >E GR\NDS = UNITY1 W\LD MEAN DIVID+ ! WORK]S1 OR RA!R1 COOL+ (F !IR SYMPA?IES1 AS WELL AS MAK+ !M LESS LIKELY TO FOLL[ ! SOCIALI/IC L9E COMMON TO BO? SOCIALI/S & AN>*I/S & :I* IS AT ! HE>T ( ! REVOLUTION4 ,IT IS UP TO ! REVOLUTION>IES1 ESPECIALLY ! AN>*I/S & SOCIALI/S1 TO SEE TO ?IS BY NOT EXAGG]AT+ ! DIFF]5CES & PAY+ ATT5TION ABOVE ALL TO ! REALITIES & OBJECTIVES :I* CAN UNITE US & ASSI/ US TO DRAW ! GREATE/ POSSIBLE REVOLUTION>Y ADVANTAGE FROM ! .<PRES5T.> SITUATION40.<#a#g#d.> 

,S&OMIRSKY IS = ! ,UNIT$ ,FRONT4 ,I AM TOO :5 IT CAN BE A*IEV$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( A LIB]AT+ REVOLUTION4 

,MEANTIME1 ?\< HAV+ NO FAI? LEFT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y CAPACITY ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ,I AGA9 URGE & HOPE ?AT !Y WILL NOT DESC5D TO ! LEVEL (1 OR EV5 L[] ?AN1 ! ,AM]ICAN EXECUTION]1 ! ,SPANI% TORTUR] OR ! ,ITALIAN JAIL]1 & WILL UND]/& ?AT ! LEA/ !Y CAN DO IS TO PUT AN 5D TO ! P]SECUTIONS & SET FREE AN>*I/S & O!R POLITICAL PRISON]S4.<#a#g#e.> 

,ALONE WE CANNOT SUBDUE FASCISM1 EV5 LESS DE/ROY EXI/+ 9/ITUTIONS4 ,SO EI!R WE MU/ UNITE ) ?OSE :O1 ?\< NOT AN>*I/S1 %>E %ORT T]M1 COMMON OBJECTIVES ) US1 OR ALL[ ?AT ! FASCI/S1 ) ! CONNIVANCE ( ! GOV]NM5T1 %\LD BE FREE TO T]RORIZE ! C\NTRY1 OR ?AT ! MON>*Y %\LD GO ON RUL+ UNDI/URB$4 

,BUT 9 0REVOLUTION>Y ALLIANCES0 ONE IS ALWAYS 0BETRAY$40 ,POSSIBLY ONE IS4 ,BUT WE PREF] TO RUN ! RISK ( BE+ BETRAY$ BY O!RS1 ?AN BETRAY \RSELVES TO ! PO9T ( EXT9CTION ?R\< 9ACTION4 

,EV5 ! BETRAYALS WILL NOT BE 5TIRELY USELESS1 S9CE !Y WILL %[ ! WORK]S :O IS ON !IR SIDE1 & %[ ! REVOLUTION>IES :O AMONG !M REALLY WANTS TO MAKE ! REVOLUTION4.<#a#g#f.> 

,9 REC5T YE>S WE HAVE APPROA*$ ! DIFF]5T AVANT-G>DE P>TIES ) A VIEW TO JO9T ACTION1 & WE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 DISAPPO9T$4 ,MU/ WE = ?IS REASON ISOLATE \RSELVES1 OR TAKE REFUGE FROM 0IMPURE0 CONTACTS & /& /ILL TRY+ TO MOVE ONLY :5 WE HAVE ! NECESS>Y /R5G? & 9 ! NAME ( \R COMPLETE PROGRAM8 ,I ?9K NOT4 

,S9CE WE CANNOT MAKE ! REVOLUTION BY \RSELVES 444 WE %\LD BE PREP>$ TO SUPPORT ?OSE :O >E PREP>$ TO ACT1 EV5 IF IT C>RIES ) IT ! RISK ( LAT] F9D+ \RSELVES ALONE & BETRAY$4 

,BUT 9 GIV+ O!RS \R SUPPORT1 ?AT IS1 9 ALWAYS TRY+ TO USE ! =CES AT ! DISPOSAL ( O!RS1 & TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( EV]Y OPPORTUNITY = ACTION1 WE MU/ ALWAYS BE \RSELVES & SEEK TO BE 9 A POSITION TO MAKE \R 9FLU5CE FELT & C\NT AT LEA/ 9 DIRECT PROPORTION TO \R /R5G?4 

,TO ?IS 5D IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT WE %\LD BE AGRE$ AMONG \RSELVES & SEEK TO COORD9ATE & ORGANIZE \R EF=TS AS EFFECTIVELY AS POSSIBLE4.<#a#g#g.> 

,C]TA9LY1 IT IS V]Y DIFFICULT TO DI/+UI% CLE>LY 9 PRACTICE :]E USEFUL COOP]ATION AGA9/ ! COMMON 5EMY 5DS & :]E A FUSION BEG9S :I* W\LD LEAD ! WEAKE/ P>TY TO R5\NCE ITS SPECIFIC AIMS4444 

,WE %\LD F9D \RSELVES ON ! ONE H& ALONGSIDE ! REPUBLICANS 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y ACT & ON ! O!R 9 AGREEM5T ) ! COMMUNI/S 9 EXPROPRIAT+ ! B\RGEOISIE1 ASSUM+ !Y W]E PREP>$ TO C>RY IT \T 9 A REVOLUTION>Y WAY )\T FIR/ WAIT+ TO E/ABLI% !IR /ATE1 !IR DICTATOR%IP4 ,BUT NOT = !SE REASONS W\LD WE BECOME REPUBLICANS OR ,/ATE COMMUNI/S4.<#a#g#h.> 

,WE CAN HAVE RELATIONS ( COOP]ATION ) NON-AN>*I/ P>TIES SO LONG AS WE %>E A NE$ TO FI<T A COMMON 5EMY & >E UNABLE TO DE/ROY HIM UNAID$2 BUT AS SOON AS A P>TY TAKES P[] & BECOMES ! GOV]NM5T1 ! ONLY RELATIONS WE CAN HAVE ) IT >E ?OSE BETWE5 5EMIES4 

,( C\RSE IT IS 9 \R 9T]E/ ?AT SO LONG AS GOV]NM5T EXI/S IT %\LD BE AS UNOPPRESSIVE AS POSSIBLE1 ! LESS IT IS A GOV]NM5T ! BETT]4 

,BUT FRE$OM1 EV5 A RELATIVE FRE$OM1 IS NOT WON BY HELP+ GOV]NM5T BUT BY MAK+ IT FEEL ! DANG] ( SQUEEZ+ ! PEOPLE TOO F>4.<#a#g#i.> 

,WE HAVE ALWAYS S\<T TO A*IEVE ! ALLIANCE ( ALL :O WANT TO MAKE A REVOLUTION 9 ORD] TO DE/ROY ! MAT]IAL P[] ( ! COMMON 5EMY1 BUT WE HAVE ALWAYS MADE IT CRY/AL CLE> ?AT SU* AN AFFIANCE %\LD LA/ ONLY = ! DURATION ( ! 9SURRECTION>Y ACT ITSELF1 & ?AT IMM$IATELY AFT] &1 IF POSSIBLE OR NECESS>Y1 DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION ITSELF1 WE W\LD SEEK TO REALIZE \R IDEAS BY RESI/+ ! =MATION ( A NEW GOV]NM5T OR ( ANY C5TRALIZ$ AU?ORITY1 & BY SEEK+ TO URGE ! MASSES TO TAKE IMM$IATE POSSESSION ( ALL ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & ! SOCIAL WEAL?1 & !MSELVES ORGANIZE ! DAY TO DAY AFFAIRS ( ! COMMUNITY ON ! BASIS ( ITS /ATE ( DEVELOPM5T & ! WI%ES ( ! PEOPLE 9 ! DIFF]5T REGIONS4.<#a#h.> 

,= MY P>T1 ,I DO NOT BELIEVE !RE IS 0ONE SOLUTION0 TO ! SOCIAL PROBLEMS1 BUT A ?\S& DIFF]5T & *ANG+ SOLUTIONS 9 ! SAME WAY AS SOCIAL EXI/5CE IS DIFF]5T & V>I$ 9 TIME & SPACE4 

,AFT] ALL1 EV]Y 9/ITUTION1 PROJECT OR UTOPIA W\LD BE EQUALLY GOOD TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( HUMAN CONT5T$NESS1 IF EV]YBODY HAD ! SAME NE$S1 ! SAME OP9IONS OR LIV$ UND] ! SAME CONDITIONS4 ,BUT S9CE SU* UNANIMITY ( ?\<T & ID5TICAL CONDITIONS >E IMPOSSIBLE 7AS WELL AS1 9 MY OP9ION1 UNDESIRABLE7 WE MU/ 9 \R DAILY CONDUCT AS WELL AS 9 \R PROJECTS = ! FUTURE1 ALWAYS BE> 9 M9D ?AT WE >E NOT1 & WILL NOT 9 ! =ESEEABLE FUTURE1 BE LIV+ 9 A WORLD POPULAT$ ONLY BY AN>*I/S4 ,= A LONG TIME TO COME WE %ALL BE A RELATIVELY SMALL M9ORITY4 ,TO ISOLATE \RSELVES IS VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE1 BUT EV5 IF WE C\LD IT W\LD BE AT ! EXP5SE ( ! SOCIAL TASK WE HAVE UND]TAK51 AS WELL AS ( \R [N P]SONAL WELL-BE+4 ,ONE MU/ !RE=E F9D WAYS ( LIV+ AMONG NON-AN>*I/S1 AS AN>*I/ICALLY AS POSSIBLE1 & :I* WILL FUR!R \R PROPAG&A & (F] POSSIBILITIES ( APPLY+ \R IDEAS4.<#a#h#a.> 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #b#h1 #bba 3 ,P>T #a1 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/