,LI/51 ,M>XI/6 

#aiga 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

,TAGS 3 ROLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 REVOLUTION ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 DOM9ATION ( MAN BY MAN1 ECONOMIC P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT1 AG5T ( REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE1 DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 P[] ( ! PROLET>IAT1 TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE1 *RONIC ECONOMIC CRISIS1 PROGRESSIVE LABOR P>TY4 

,TEXT 3 

,FROM ,PO/ ,SC>CITY ,AN>*ISM1 #a#i#g#a4 

,LI/51 ,M>XI/6 

BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 

  

,PHOTO BY DUNCAN C1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,ALL ! OLD CRAP ( ! ?IRTIES IS COM+ BACK AGA9--! %IT AB\T ! 0CLASS L9E10 ! 0ROLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS10 ! 0TRA9$ CADRES10 ! 0VANGU>D P>TY10 & ! 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP40 ,IT'S ALL BACK AGA91 & 9 A MORE VULG>IZ$ =M ?AN EV]4 ,! ,PROGRESSIVE ,LABOR ,P>TY IS NOT ! ONLY EXAMPLE1 IT IS M]ELY ! WOR/4 ,ONE SMELLS ! SAME %IT 9 V>I\S (F%OOTS ( ,S,D,S1 & 9 ! ,M>XI/ & ,SOCIALI/ CLUBS ON CAMPUSES1 NOT TO SPEAK ( ! ,TROTSKYI/ GR\PS1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALI/ ,CLUBS & ! ,Y\? ,AGA9/ ,W> & ,FASCISM4  

,9 ! ?IRTIES1 AT LEA/ IT WAS UND]/&ABLE4 ,! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES WAS P>ALYZ$ BY A *RONIC ECONOMIC CRISIS1 ! DEEPE/ & ! LONGE/ 9 ITS HI/ORY4 ,! ONLY LIV+ =CES ?AT SEEM$ TO BE BATT]+ AT ! WALLS ( CAPITALISM W]E ! GREAT ORGANIZ+ DRIVES ( ! ,C,I,O1 ) !IR DRAMATIC SITD[N /RIKES1 !IR RADICAL MILITANCY1 & !IR BLOODY CLA%$ ) ! POLICE4 ,! POLITICAL ATMOSPH]E ?R\< ! 5TIRE WORLD WAS *>G$ BY ! ELECTRICITY ( ! ,SPANI% ,CIVIL ,W>1 ! LA/ ( ! CLASSICAL WORK]'S REVOLUTIONS1 :5 EV]Y RADICAL SECT 9 ! ,AM]ICAN LEFT C\LD ID5TIFY ) ITS [N MILITIA COLUMNS 9 ,MADRID & ,B>CELONA4 ,?AT WAS ?IRTY YE>S AGO4 ,IT WAS A TIME :5 ANYONE :O CRI$ \T 0,MAKE LOVE1 NOT W>0 W\LD HAVE BE5 REG>D$ AS A FREAK2 ! CRY !N WAS 0,MAKE JOBS1 NOT W>0--! CRY ( AN AGE BURD5$ BY SC>CITY1 :5 ! A*IEVEM5T ( SOCIALISM 5TAIL$ 0SACRIFICES0 & A 0TRANSITION P]IOD0 TO AN ECONOMY ( MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE4 ,TO AN EI<TE5-YE> OLD KID 9 #aicg ! V]Y CONCEPT ( CYB]NATION W\LD HAVE SEEM$ LIKE ! WILDE/ SCI5CE FICTION1 A FANTASY COMP>ABLE TO VISIONS ( SPACE TRAVEL4 ,?AT EI<TE5-YE>-OLD KID HAS N[ REA* FIFTY YE>S ( AGE1 & HIS ROOTS >E PLANT$ 9 AN ]A SO REMOTE AS TO DIFF] QUALITATIVELY FROM ! REALITIES ( ! PRES5T P]IOD 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES4 ,CAPITALISM ITSELF HAS *ANG$ S9CE !N1 TAK+ ON 9CREAS+LY /ATIFI$ =MS ?AT C\LD BE ANTICIPAT$ ONLY DIMLY ?IRTY YE>S AGO4 ,& N[ WE >E BE+ ASK$ TO GO BACK TO ! 0CLASS L9E10 ! 0/RATEGIES10 ! 0CADRES0 & ! ORGANIZATIONAL =MS ( ?AT DI/ANT P]IOD 9 ALMO/ BLATANT DISREG>D ( ! NEW ISSUES & POSSIBILITIES ?AT HAVE EM]G$4  

,:5 ! HELL >E WE F9ALLY GO+ TO CREATE A MOVEM5T ?AT LOOKS TO ! FUTURE 9/EAD ( ! PA/8 ,:5 WILL WE BEG9 TO LE>N FROM :AT IS BE+ BORN 9/EAD ( :AT IS DY+8 ,M>X1 TO HIS LA/+ CR$IT1 TRI$ TO DO ?AT 9 HIS [N DAY2 HE TRI$ TO EVOKE A FUTURI/IC SPIRIT 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( ! #a#h#dS & #a#h#eS4 0,! TRADITION ( ALL ! DEAD G5]ATIONS WEI<S LIKE A NI<TM>E ON ! BRA9 ( ! LIV+10 HE WRONG 9 ,! ,EI<TE5? ,BRUMAIRE ( ,L\IS ,BONAP>TE4 0,& :5 !Y SEEM TO BE 5GAG$ 9 REVOLUTIONIZ+ !MSELVES & ?+S1 9 CREAT+ SOME?+ 5TIRELY NEW1 PRECISELY 9 SU* EPO*S ( REVOLUTION>Y CRISIS !Y ANXI\SLY CONJURE UP ! SPIRITS ( ! PA/ TO !IR S]VICE & BORR[ FROM !M NAMES1 BATTLE SLOGANS & CO/UMES 9 ORD] TO PRES5T ! NEW SC5E ( WORLD HI/ORY 9 ?IS TIME-HONOR$ DISGUISE & BORR[$ LANGUAGE4 ,?US ,LU!R DONN$ ! MASK ( ! ,APO/LE ,PAUL1 ! REVOLUTION ( #a<i TO #ahad DRAP$ ITSELF ALT]NATELY AS ! ,ROMAN ,REPUBLIC & ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE1 & ! REVOLUTION ( #ahdh KNEW NO?+ BETT] ?AN TO P>ODY1 9 TURN1 #a<i & ! TRADITION ( #agic TO #a#g#i#e4444,! SOCIAL REVOLUTION ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY CANNOT DRAW ITS POETRY FROM ! PA/1 BUT ONLY FROM ! FUTURE4 ,IT CANNOT BEG9 ) ITSELF BE=E IT HAS /RIPP$ (F ALL SUP]/ITION 9 REG>D TO ! PA/4444,9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ITS CONT5T1 ! REVOLUTION ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY MU/ LET ! DEAD BURY !IR DEAD4 ,!RE ! PHRASE W5T BEYOND ! CONT5T1 H]E ! CONT5T GOES BEYOND ! PHRASE40  

,IS ! PROBLEM ANY DIFF]5T TODAY1 AS WE APPROA* ! TW5TY-FIR/ C5TURY8 ,ONCE AGA9 ! DEAD >E WALK+ 9 \R MID/--IRONICALLY1 DRAP$ 9 ! NAME ( ,M>X1 ! MAN :O TRI$ TO BURY ! DEAD ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY4 ,SO ! REVOLUTION ( \R [N DAY CAN DO NO?+ BETT] ?AN P>ODY1 9 TURN1 ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ( #aiag & ! CIVIL W> ( #a#i#a#h-#a#i#b1 ) ITS 0CLASS L9E10 ITS ,BOL%EVIK ,P>TY1 ITS 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP10 ITS PURITANICAL MORALITY1 & EV5 ITS SLOGAN1 0SOVIET P[]40 ,! COMPLETE1 ALL-SID$ REVOLUTION ( \R [N DAY ?AT CAN F9ALLY RESOLVE ! HI/ORIC 0SOCIAL QUE/ION10 BORN ( SC>CITY1 DOM9ATION & HI]>*Y1 FOLL[S ! TRADITION ( ! P>TIAL1 ! 9COMPLETE1 ! ONE-SID$ REVOLUTIONS ( ! PA/1 :I* M]ELY *ANG$ ! =M ( ! 0SOCIAL QUE/ION10 REPLAC+ ONE SY/EM ( DOM9ATION & HI]>*Y BY ANO!R4 ,AT A TIME :5 B\RGEOIS SOCIETY ITSELF IS 9 ! PROCESS ( DIS9TEGRAT+ ALL ! SOCIAL CLASSES ?AT ONCE GAVE IT /ABILITY1 WE HE> ! HOLL[ DEM&S = A 0CLASS L9E40 ,AT A TIME :5 ALL ! POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS ( HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY >E 5T]+ A P]IOD ( PR(\ND DECAY1 WE HE> ! HOLL[ DEM&S = A 0POLITICAL P>TY0 & A 0WORK]'S /ATE40 ,AT A TIME :5 HI]>*Y AS SU* IS BE+ BR\<T 9TO QUE/ION1 WE HE> ! HOLL[ DEM&S = 0CADRES10 0VANGU>DS0 & 0LEAD]S40 ,AT A TIME :5 C5TRALIZATION & ! /ATE HAVE BE5 BR\<T TO ! MO/ EXPLOSIVE PO9T ( HI/ORICAL NEGATIVITY1 WE HE> ! HOLL[ DEM&S = A 0C5TRALIZ$ MOVEM5T0 & A 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP40  

,?IS PURSUIT ( SECURITY 9 ! PA/1 ?IS ATTEMPT TO F9D A HAV5 9 A FIX$ DOGMA & AN ORGANIZATIONAL HI]>*Y AS SUB/ITUTES = CREATIVE ?\<T & PRAXIS IS BITT] EVID5CE ( H[ LITTLE MANY REVOLUTION>IES >E CAPABLE ( 0REVOLUTIONIZ+ !MSELVES & ?+S10 MU* LESS ( REVOLUTIONIZ+ SOCIETY AS A :OLE4 ,! DEEP-ROOT$ CONS]VATISM ( ! ,P,L,P#a 0REVOLUTION>IES0 IS ALMO/ PA9FULLY EVID5T2 ! AU?ORIT>IAN LEAD] & HI]>*Y REPLACE ! PATRI>* & ! S*OOL BUREAUCRACY2 ! DISCIPL9E ( ! ,MOVEM5T REPLACES ! DISCIPL9E ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY2 ! AU?ORIT>IAN CODE ( POLITICAL OB$I5CE REPLACES ! /ATE2 ! CR$O ( 0PROLET>IAN MORALITY0 REPLACES ! MORES ( PURITANISM & ! WORK E?IC4 ,! OLD SUB/ANCE ( EXPLOITATIVE SOCIETY REAPPE>S 9 NEW =MS1 DRAP$ 9 A R$ FLAG1 DECORAT$ BY PORTRAITS ( ,MAO 7OR ,CA/RO OR ,*E7 & ADORN$ ) ! LITTLE 0,R$ ,BOOK0 & O!R SACR$ LITANIES4  

,! MAJORITY ( ! PEOPLE :O REMA9 9 ! ,P,L,P TODAY DES]VE IT4 ,IF !Y CAN LIVE ) A MOVEM5T ?AT CYNICALLY DUBS ITS [N SLOGANS 9TO PHOTOGRAPHS ( ,D,R,U,M PICKETS2#b IF !Y CAN READ A MAGAZ9E ?AT ASKS :E!R ,M>CUSE IS A 0COP\T OR COP02 IF !Y CAN ACCEPT A 0DISCIPL9E0 ?AT R$UCES !M TO POK]-FAC$1 PROGRAMM$ AUTOMATA2 IF !Y CAN USE ! MO/ DISGU/+ TE*NIQUES 7TE*NIQUES BORR[$ FROM ! CESSPOOL ( B\RGEOIS BUS9ESS OP]ATIONS & P>LIAM5T>IANISM7 TO MANIPULATE O!R ORGANIZATIONS2 IF !Y CAN P>ASITIZE VIRTUALLY EV]Y ACTION & SITUATION M]ELY TO PROMOTE ! GR[? ( !IR P>TY--EV5 IF ?IS MEANS DEFEAT = ! ACTION ITSELF--!N !Y >E B5EA? CONTEMPT4 ,= !SE PEOPLE TO ALL !MSELVES R$S & DESCRIBE ATTACKS UPON !M AS R$BAIT+ IS A =M ( ,MC,C>?YISM 9 REV]SE4 ,TO REPHRASE ,TROTSKY'S JUICY DESCRIPTION ( ,/AL9ISM1 !Y >E ! SYPHILIS ( ! RADICAL Y\? MOVEM5T TODAY4 ,& = SYPHILIS !RE IS ONLY ONE TREATM5T--AN ANTIBIOTIC1 NOT AN >GUM5T4  

,\R CONC]N H]E IS ) ?OSE HONE/ REVOLUTION>IES :O HAVE TURN$ TO ,M>XISM1 ,L59ISM OR ,TROTSKYISM BECAUSE !Y E>NE/LY SEEK A COH]5T SOCIAL \TLOOK & AN EFFECTIVE /RATEGY ( REVOLUTION4 ,WE >E ALSO CONC]N$ ) ?OSE :O >E AW$ BY ! !ORETICAL REP]TORY ( ,M>XI/ IDEOLOGY & >E DISPOS$ TO FLIRT ) IT 9 ! ABS5CE ( MORE SY/EMATIC ALT]NATIVES4 ,TO !SE PEOPLE WE ADDRESS \RSELVES AS BRO!RS & SI/]S & ASK = A S]I\S DISCUSSION & A COMPREH5SIVE REEVALUATION4 ,WE BELIEVE ?AT ,M>XISM HAS CEAS$ TO BE APPLICABLE TO \R TIME NOT BECAUSE IT IS TOO VISION>Y OR REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT BECAUSE IT IS NOT VISION>Y OR REVOLUTION>Y 5\<4 ,WE BELIEVE IT WAS BORN ( AN ]A ( SC>CITY & PRES5T$ AS A BRILLIANT CRITIQUE ( ?AT ]A1 SPECIFICALLY ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 & ?AT A NEW ]A IS 9 BIR? :I* ,M>XISM DOES NOT ADEQUATELY 5COMPASS & :OSE \TL9ES IT ONLY P>TIALLY & ONESID$LY ANTICIPAT$4 ,WE >GUE ?AT ! PROBLEM IS NOT TO 0AB&ON0 ,M>XISM1 OR TO 0ANNUL0 IT1 BUT TO TRANSC5D IT DIALECTICALLY1 JU/ AS ,M>X TRANSC5D$ ,HEGELIAN PHILOSOPHY1 ,RIC>DIAN ECONOMICS1 & ,BLANQUI/ TACTICS & MODES ( ORGANIZATION4 ,WE %ALL >GUE ?AT 9 A MORE ADVANC$ /AGE ( CAPITALISM ?AN ,M>X DEALT ) A C5TURY AGO1 & 9 A MORE ADVANC$ /AGE ( TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T ?AN ,M>X C\LD HAVE CLE>LY ANTICIPAT$1 A NEW CRITIQUE IS NECESS>Y1 :I* 9 TURN YIELDS NEW MODES ( /RUGGLE1 OR ORGANIZATION1 ( PROPAG&A & ( LIFE/YLE4 ,CALL !SE NEW MODES :ATEV] Y\ WI%4 ,WE HAVE *OS5 TO CALL ?IS NEW APPROA* PO/-SC>CITY AN>*ISM1 = A NUMB] ( COMPELL+ REASONS :I* WILL BECOME EVID5T 9 ! PAGES ?AT FOLL[4   

,! ,H,I,/,O,R,I,C,A,L ,L,I,M,I,T,S ,( ,M,>,X,I,S,M 

,! IDEA ?AT A MAN :OSE GREATE/ !ORETICAL CONTRIBUTIONS W]E MADE BETWE5 #ahd & #ahh C\LD 0=ESEE0 ! 5TIRE DIALECTIC ( CAPITALISM IS1 ON ! FACE ( IT1 UTT]LY PREPO/]\S4 ,IF WE CAN /ILL LE>N MU* FROM ,M>X'S 9SI<TS1 WE CAN LE>N EV5 MORE FROM ! UNAVOIDABLE ]RORS ( A MAN :O WAS LIMIT$ BY AN ]A ( MAT]IAL SC>CITY & A TE*NOLOGY ?AT B>ELY 9VOLV$ ! USE ( ELECTRIC P[]4 ,WE CAN LE>N H[ DIFF]5T \R [N ]A IS FROM ?AT ( ALL PA/ HI/ORY1 H[ QUALITATIVELY NEW >E ! POT5TIALITIES ?AT CONFRONT US1 H[ UNIQUE >E ! ISSUES1 ANALYZES & PRAXIS ?AT /& BE=E US IF WE >E TO MAKE A REVOLUTION & NOT ANO!R HI/ORICAL ABORTION4  

,! PROBLEM IS NOT ?AT ,M>XISM IS A 0ME?OD0 :I* MU/ BE REAPPLI$ TO 0NEW SITUATIONS0 OR ?AT 0NEO-,M>XISM0 HAS TO BE DEVELOP$ TO OV]COME ! LIMITATIONS ( 0CLASSICAL ,M>XISM40 ,! ATTEMPT TO RESCUE ! ,M>XISM P$IGREE BY EMPHASIZ+ ! ME?OD OV] ! SY/EM OR BY ADD+ 0NEO0 TO A SACR$ WORD IS %E] MY/IFICATION IF ALL ! PRACTICAL CONCLUSIONS ( ! SY/EM FLATLY CONTRADICT !SE EF=TS4#c ,YET ?IS IS PRECISELY ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,M>XIAN EXEGESIS TODAY4 ,M>XI/S LEAN ON ! FACT ?AT ! SY/EM PROVIDES A BRILLIANT 9T]PRETATION ( ! PA/ :ILE WILLFULLY IGNOR+ ITS UTT]LY MISLEAD+ FEATURES 9 DEAL+ ) ! PRES5T & FUTURE4 ,!Y CITE ! COH]5CE ?AT HI/ORICAL MAT]IALISM & ! CLASS ANALYSIS GIVE TO ! 9T]PRETATION ( HI/ORY1 ! ECONOMIC 9SI<TS ( ,CAPITAL PROVIDES 9TO ! DEVELOPM5T ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 & ! BRILLIANCE ( ,M>X'S ANALYSIS ( E>LI] REVOLUTIONS & ! TACTICAL CONCLUSIONS HE E/ABLI%$1 )\T ONCE RECOGNIZ+ ?AT QUALITATIVELY NEW PROBLEMS HAVE >IS5 :I* NEV] EXI/$ 9 HIS DAY4 ,IS IT CONCEIVABLE ?AT HI/ORICAL PROBLEMS & ME?ODS ( CLASS ANALYSIS BAS$ 5TIRELY ON UNAVOIDABLE SC>CITY CAN BE TRANSPLANT$ 9TO A NEW ]A ( POT5TIAL ABUNDANCE8 ,IS IT CONCEIVABLE ?AT AN ECONOMIC ANALYSIS FOCUS$ PRIM>ILY ON A 0FREELY COMPETITIVE0 SY/EM ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM CAN BE TRANSF]R$ TO A MANAG$ SY/EM ( CAPITALISM1 :]E /ATE & MONOPOLIES COMB9E TO MANIPULATE ECONOMIC LIFE8 ,IS IT CONCEIVABLE ?AT A /RATEGIC & TACTICAL REP]TORY =MULAT$ 9 A P]IOD :5 /EEL & COAL CON/ITUT$ ! BASIS ( 9DU/RIAL TE*NOLOGY CAN BE TRANSF]R$ TO ANA GE BAS$ ON RADICALLY NEW S\RCES ( 5]GY1 ON ELECTRONICS1 ON CYB]NATION8  

,AS A RESULT ( ?IS TRANSF]1 A !ORETICAL CORPUS :I* WAS LIB]AT+ A C5TURY AGO IS TURN$ 9TO A /RAITJACKET TODAY4 ,WE >E ASK$ TO FOCUS ON ! WORK+ CLASS AS ! 0AG5T0 ( REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE AT A TIME :5 CAPITALISM VISIBLY ANTAGONIZES & PRODUCES REVOLUTION>IES AMONG VIRTUALLY ALL /RATA ( SOCIETY1 P>TICUL>LY ! Y\NG4 ,WE >E ASK$ TO GUIDE \R TACTICAL ME?ODS BY ! VISION ( A 0*RONIC ECONOMIC CRISIS0 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT NO SU* CRISIS HAS BE5 9 ! (F+ = ?IRTY YE>S1#d ,WE >E ASK$ TO ACCEPT A 0PROLET>IAN DICTATOR%IP0--A LONG 0TRANSITIONAL P]IOD0 :OSE FUNCTION IS NOT M]ELY ! SUPPRESSION ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES BUT ABOVE ALL ! DEVELOPM5T ( A TE*NOLOGY ( ABUNDANCE--AT A TIME :5 A TE*NOLOGY ( ABUNDANCE IS AT H&4 ,WE >E ASK$ TO ORI5T \R 0/RATEGIES0 & 0TACTICS0 >\ND POV]TY & MAT]IAL IMMIS]ATION AT A TIME :5 REVOLUTION>Y S5TIM5T IS BE+ G5]AT$ BY ! BANALITY ( LIFE UND] CONDITIONS ( MAT]IAL ABUNDANCE4 ,WE >E ASK$ TO E/ABLI% POLITICAL P>TIES1 C5TRALIZ$ ORGANIZATIONS1 0REVOLUTION>Y0 HI]>*IES & ELITES1 & A NEW /ATE AT A TIME :5 POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS AS SU* >E DECAY+ & :5 C5TRALIZ+1 ELITISM & ! /ATE >E BE+ BR\<T 9TO QUE/ION ON A SCALE ?AT HAS NEV] OCCURR$ BE=E 9 ! HI/ORY ( HI]>*ICAL SOCIETY4  

,WE >E ASK$1 9 %ORT1 TO RETURN TO ! PA/1 TO DIM9I% 9/EAD ( GR[1 TO =CE ! ?ROBB+ REALITY ( \R TIMES1 ) ITS HOPES & PROMISES1 9TO ! DEAD5+ PRECONCEPTIONS ( AN \TLIV$ AGE4 ,WE >E ASK$ TO OP]ATE ) PR9CIPLES ?AT HAVE BE5 TRANSC5D$ NOT ONLY !ORETICALLY BUT BY ! V]Y DEVELOPM5T ( SOCIETY ITSELF4 ,HI/ORY HAS NOT /OOD /ILL S9CE ,M>X1 ,5GELS1 ,L59 & ,TROTSKY DI$1 NOR HAS IT FOLL[$ ! SIMPLI/IC DIRECTION :I* WAS *>T$ \T BY ?9K]S--H[EV] BRILLIANT--:OSE M9DS W]E /ILL ROOT$ 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY OR 9 ! OP5+ YE>S ( ! TW5TIE?4 ,WE HAVE SE5 CAPITALISM ITSELF P]=M MANY ( ! TASKS 79CLUD+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( A TE*NOLOGY ( ABUNDANCE7 :I* W]E REG>D$ AS SOCIALI/2 WE HAVE SE5 IT 0NATIONALIZE0 PROP]TY1 M]G+ ! ECONOMY ) ! /ATE :]EV] NECESS>Y4 ,WE HAVE SE5 ! WORK+ CLASS NEUTRALIZ$ AS ! 0AG5T ( REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE10 ALBEIT /ILL /RUGGL+ ) A B\RGEOIS FRAMEWORK = MORE WAGES1 %ORT] H\RS & 0FR+E0 B5EFITS4 ,! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! CLASSICAL S5SE HAS NOT DISAPPE>$2 IT HAS SUFF]$ A MORE DEAD5+ FATE BY BE+ CO-OPT$ 9TO CAPITALISM4 ,! REVOLUTION>Y /RUGGLE )9 ! ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES HAS %IFT$ 9TO A HI/ORICALLY NEW T]RA93 IT HAS BECOME A /RUGGLE BETWE5 A G5]ATION ( Y\? ?AT HAS KN[N NO *RONIC ECONOMIC CRISIS ! CULTURE1 VALUES1 & 9/ITUTIONS ( AN OLD]1 CONS]VATIVE G5]ATION :OSE P]SPECTIVE ON LIFE HAS BE5 %AP$ BY SC>CITY1 GUILT1 R5UNCIATION1 ! WORK E?IC & ! PURSUIT ( MAT]IAL SECURITY4 ,\R 5EMIES >E NOT ONLY ! VISIBLY 5TR5*$ B\RGEOISIE & ! /ATE APP>ATUS BUT ALSO AN \TLOOK :I* F9DS ITS SUPPORT AMONG LIB]ALS1 SOCIAL DEMOCRATS1 ! M9IONS ( A CORRUPT MASS M$IA1 ! 0REVOLUTION>Y0 P>TIES ( ! PA/1 &1 PA9FUL AS IT MAY BE TO ! ACOLYTES ( ,M>XISM1 ! WORK] DOM9AT$ BY ! FACTORY HI]>*Y1 BY ! 9DU/RIAL R\T9E1 & BY ! WORK E?IC4 ,! PO9T IS ?AT ! DIVISIONS N[ CUT ACROSS VIRTUALLY ALL ! TRADITIONAL CLASS L9ES & !Y RAISE A SPECTRUM ( PROBLEMS ?AT NONE ( ! ,M>XI/S1 LEAN+ ON ANALOGIES ) SC>CITY SOCIETIES1 C\LD =ESEE4   

,! ,M,Y,? ,( ,! ,P,R,O,L,E,T,>,I,A,T 

,LET US CA/ ASIDE ALL ! IDEOLOGICAL DEBRIS ( ! PA/ & CUT TO ! !ORETICAL ROOTS ( ! PROBLEM4 ,= \R AGE1 ,M>X'S GREATE/ CONTRIBUTION TO REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T IS HIS DIALECTIC ( SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,M>X LAID B>E ! GREAT MOVEM5T FROM PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM ?R\< PRIVATE PROP]TY TO COMMUNISM TO ITS HI<E/ =M--A COMMUNAL SOCIETY RE/+ ON A LIB]ATORY TE*NOLOGY4 ,9 ?IS MOVEM5T1 ACCORD+ TO ,M>X1 MAN PASSES ON FROM ! DOM9ATION ( MAN BY NATURE1 TO ! DOM9ATION ( MAN BY MAN1 & F9ALLY TO ! DOM9ATION ( NATURE BY MAN#e & FROM SOCIAL DOM9ATION ( SU*4 ,)9 ?IS L>G] DIALECTIC1 ,M>X EXAM9ES ! DIALECTIC ( CAPITALISM ITSELF--A SOCIAL SY/EM :I* CON/ITUTES ! LA/ HI/ORICAL 0/AGE0 9 ! DOM9ATION ( MAN BY MAN4 ,H]E1 ,M>X MAKES NOT ONLY PR(\ND CONTRIBUTIONS TO CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>Y ?\<T 7P>TICUL>LY 9 HIS BRILLIANT ANALYSIS ( ! COMMODITY RELATION%IP7 BUT ALSO EXHIBITS ?OSE LIMITATIONS ( TIME & PLACE ?AT PLAY SO CONF9+ A ROLE 9 \R [N TIME4  

,! MO/ S]I\S ( !SE LIMITATIONS EM]GES FROM ,M>X'S ATTEMPT TO EXPLA9 ! TRANSITION FROM CAPITALISM TO SOCIALISM1 FROM A CLASS SOCIETY TO A CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,IT IS VITALLY IMPORTANT TO EMPHASIZE ?AT ?IS EXPLANATION WAS REASON$ \T ALMO/ 5TIRELY BY ANALOGY ) ! TRANSITION ( FEUDALISM TO CAPITALISM--?AT IS1 FROM ONE CLASS SOCIETY TO ANO!R CLASS SOCIETY1 FROM ONE SY/EM ( PROP]TY TO ANO!R4 ,ACCORD+LY1 ,M>X PO9TS \T ?AT JU/ AS ! B\RGEOISIE DEVELOP$ )9 FEUDALISM AS A RESULT ( ! SPLIT BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRY 7MORE PRECISELY1 BETWE5 CRAFTS & AGRICULTURE71 SO ! MOD]N PROLET>IAT DEVELOP$ )9 CAPITALISM AS A RESULT ( ! ADVANCE ( 9DU/RIAL TE*NOLOGY4 ,BO? CLASSES1 WE >E TOLD1 DEVELOP SOCIAL 9T]E/S ( !IR [N--9DE$1 REVOLUTION>Y SOCIAL 9T]E/S ?AT ?R[ !M AGA9/ ! OLD SOCIETY 9 :I* !Y W]E SPAWN$4 ,IF ! B\RGEOISIE GA9$ CONTROL OV] ECONOMIC LIFE LONG BE=E IT OV]?REW FEUDAL SOCIETY1 ! PROLET>IAT1 9 TURN1 GA9S ITS [N REVOLUTION>Y P[] BY ! FACT ?AT IT IS 0DISCIPL9$1 UNIT$1 ORGANIZ$0 BY ! FACTORY SY/EM4#f ,9 BO? CASES1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PRODUCTIVE =CES BECOMES 9COMPATIBLE ) ! TRADITIONAL SY/EM ( SOCIAL RELATIONS4 0,! 9TEGUM5T IS BUR/ ASUND]40 ,! OLD SOCIETY IS REPLAC$ BY ! NEW4  

,! CRITICAL QUE/ION WE FACE IS ?IS3 CAN WE EXPLA9 ! TRANSITION FROM A CLASS SOCIETY TO A CLASSLESS SOCIETY BY MEANS ( ! SAME DIALECTIC ?AT ACC\NTS = ! TRANSITION ( ONE CLASS SOCIETY TO ANO!R8 ,?IS IS NOT A TEXTBOOK PROBLEM ?AT 9VOLVES ! JUDG+ ( LOGICAL AB/RACTIONS BUT A V]Y REAL & CONCRETE ISSUE = \R TIME4 ,!RE >E PR(\ND DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! B\RGEOISIE UND] FEUDALISM & ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT UND] CAPITALISM :I* ,M>X EI!R FAIL$ TO ANTICIPATE OR NEV] FAC$ CLE>LY4 ,! B\RGEOISIE CONTROLL$ ECONOMIC LIFE LONG BE=E IT TOOK /ATE P[]2 IT HAD BECOME ! DOM9ANT CLASS MAT]IALLY1 CULTURALLY & IDEOLOGICALLY BE=E IT ASS]T$ ITS DOM9ANCE POLITICALLY4 ,! PROLET>IAT DOES NOT CONTROL ECONOMIC LIFE4 ,DESPITE ITS 9DISP5SABLE ROLE 9 ! 9DU/RIAL PROCESS1 ! 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS IS NOT EV5 A MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION1 & ITS /RATEGIC ECONOMIC POSITION IS BE+ ]OD$ BY CYB]NATION & O!R TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES4#g ,H5CE IT REQUIRES AN ACT ( HI< CONSCI\SNESS = ! PROLET>IAT TO USE ITS P[] TO A*IEVE A SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,UNTIL N[1 ! A*IEVEM5T ( ?IS CONSCI\SNESS HAS BE5 BLOCK$ BY ! FACT ?AT ! FACTORY MILIEU IS ONE ( ! MO/ WELL 5TR5*$ >5AS ( ! WORK E?IC1 ( HI]>*ICAL SY/EMS ( MANAGEM5T1 ( OB$I5CE TO LEAD]S1 & 9 REC5T TIMES ( PRODUCTION COMMITT$ TO SUP]FLU\S COMMODITIES & >MAM5TS4 ,! FACTORY S]VES NOT ONLY TO 0DISCIPL9E10 0UNITE10 & 0ORGANIZE0 ! WORK]S1 BUT ALSO TO DO SO 9 A ?OR\<LY B\RGEOIS FA%ION4 ,9 ! FACTORY1 CAPITALI/IC PRODUCTION NOT ONLY R5EWS ! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( CAPITALISM ) EA* WORK+ DAY1 AS ,M>X OBS]V$1 IT ALSO R5EWS ! PSY*E1 VALUES & IDEOLOGIES ( CAPITALISM4  

,M>X S5S$ ?IS FACT SUFFICI5TLY TO LOOK = REASONS MORE COMPELL+ ?AN ! M]E FACT ( EXPLOITATION OR CONFLICTS OV] WAGES & H\RS TO PROPEL ! PROLET>IAT 9TO REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,9 HIS G5]AL !ORY ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION HE TRI$ TO DEL9EATE ! H>%1 OBJECTIVE LAWS ?AT =CE ! PROLET>IAT TO ASSUME A REVOLUTION>Y ROLE4 ,ACCORD+LY1 HE DEVELOP$ HIS FAM\S !ORY ( IMMIS]ATION3 COMPETITION BETWE5 CAPITALI/S COMPELS !M TO UND]CUT EA* O!R'S PRICES1 :I* 9 TURN LEADS TO A CONT9UAL R$UCTION ( WAGES & ! ABSOLUTE IMPOV]I%M5T ( ! WORK]S4 ,! PROLET>IAT IS COMPELL$ TO REVOLT BECAUSE ) ! PROCESS ( COMPETITION & ! C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL !RE 0GR[S ! MASS ( MIS]Y1 OPPRESSION1 SLAV]Y1 DEGRADATION40#h  

,BUT CAPITALISM HAS NOT /OOD /ILL S9CE ,M>X'S DAY4 ,WRIT+ 9 ! MIDDLE YE>S ( ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ,M>X C\LD NOT BE EXPECT$ TO GRASP ! FULL CONSEQU5CES ( HIS 9SI<TS 9TO ! C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL & ! DEVELOPM5T ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,HE C\LD NOT BE EXPECT$ TO =ESEE ?AT CAPITALISM W\LD DEVELOP NOT ONLY FROM M]CANTILISM 9TO ! DOM9ANT 9DU/RIAL =M ( HIS DAY -- FROM /ATE-AID$ TRAD+ MONOPOLIES 9TO HI<LY COMPETITIVE 9DU/RIAL UNITS -- BUT FUR!R1 ?AT ) ! C5TRALIZATION ( CAPITAL1 CAPITALISM RETURNS TO ITS M]CANTILI/ ORIG9S ON A HI<] LEVEL ( DEVELOPM5T & RESUMES ! /ATE-AID$ MONOPOLI/IC =M4 ,! ECONOMY T5DS TO M]GE ) ! /ATE & CAPITALISM BEG9S TO 0PLAN0 ITS DEVELOPM5T 9/EAD ( LEAV+ IT EXCLUSIVELY TO ! 9T]PLAY ( COMPETITION AN M>KET =CES4 ,TO BE SURE1 ! SY/EM DOES NOT ABOLI% ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE1 BUT MANAGES TO CONTA9 IT1 US+ ITS IMM5SE TE*NOLOGICAL RES\RCES TO ASSIMILATE ! MO/ /RATEGIC SECTIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4  

,?US ! FULL ?RU/ ( ! IMMIS]ATION !ORY IS BLUNT$ & 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE FAILS TO DEVELOP 9TO ! CLASS W>4 ,IT REMA9S 5TIRELY )9 B\RGEOIS DIM5SIONS4 ,M>XISM1 9 FACT1 BECOMES IDEOLOGY4 ,IT IS ASSIMILAT$ BY ! MO/ ADVANC$ =MS ( /ATE CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T--NOTABLY ,RUSSIA4 ,BY AN 9CR$IBLE IRONY ( HI/ORY1 ,M>XIAN 0SOCIALISM0 TURNS \T TO BE 9 L>GE P>T ! V]Y /ATE CAPITALISM ?AT ,M>X FAIL$ TO ANTICIPATE 9 ! DIALECTIC ( CAPITALISM4#i ,! PROLET>IAT1 9/EAD ( DEVELOP+ 9TO A REVOLUTION>Y CLASS )9 ! WOMB ( CAPITALISM1 TURNS \T TO BE AN ORGAN )9 ! BODY ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4  

,! QUE/ION WE MU/ ASK AT ?IS LATE DATE 9 HI/ORY IS :E!R A SOCIAL REVOLUTION ?AT SEEKS TO A*IEVE A CLASSLESS SOCIETY CAN EM]GE FROM A CONFLICT BETWE5 TRADITIONAL CLASSES 9 A CLASS SOCIETY1 OR :E!R SU* A SOCIAL REVOLUTION CAN ONLY EM]GE FROM ! DECOMPOSITION ( ! TRADITIONAL CLASSES1 9DE$ FROM ! EM]G5CE ( AN 5TIRELY NEW 0CLASS0 :OSE V]Y ESS5CE IS ?AT IT IS A NON-CLASS1 A GR[+ /RATUM ( REVOLUTION>IES4 ,9 TRY+ TO ANSW] ?IS QUE/ION1 WE CAN LE>N MORE BY RETURN+ TO ! BROAD] DIALECTIC :I* ,M>X DEVELOP$ = HUMAN SOCIETY AS A :OLE ?AN FROM ! MODEL HE BORR[$ FROM ! PASSAGE ( FEUDAL 9TO CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,JU/ AS PRIMITIVE K9%IP CLANS BEGAN TO DIFF]5TIATE 9TO CLASSES1 SO 9 \R [N DAY !RE IS A T5D5CY = CLASSES TO DECOMPOSE 9TO 5TIRELY NEW SUBCULTURES :I* BE> A RESEMBLANCE TO NON-CAPITALI/ =MS ( RELATION%IPS4 ,!SE >E NOT /RICTLY ECONOMIC GR\PS ANYMORE2 9 FACT1 !Y REFLECT ! T5D5CY ( ! SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T TO TRANSC5D ! ECONOMIC CATEGORIES ( SC>CITY SOCIETY4 ,!Y CON/ITUTE1 9 EFFECT1 A CRUDE1 AMBIGU\S CULTURAL PRE=MATION ( ! MOVEM5T ( SC>CITY 9TO PO/-SC>CITY SOCIETY4  

,! PROCESS ( CLASS DECOMPOSITION MU/ BE UND]/OOD 9 ALL ITS DIM5SIONS4 ,! WORD 0PROCESS0 MU/ BE EMPHASIZ$ H]E3 ! TRADITIONAL CLASSES DO NOT DISAPPE>1 NOR = ?AT MATT] DOES CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,ONLY A SOCIAL REVOLUTION C\LD REMOVE ! PREVAIL+ CLASS /RUCTURE & ! CONFLICT 5G5D]S4 ,! PO9T IS ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE CEASES TO HAVE REVOLUTION>Y IMPLICATIONS2 IT REVEALS ITSELF AS ! PHYSIOLOGY ( ! PREVAIL+ SOCIETY1 NOT AS ! LABOR PA9S ( BIR?4 ,9 FACT ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE /ABILIZES CAPITALI/ SOCIETY BY 0CORRECT+0 ITS ABUSES 79 WAGES1 H\RS1 9FLATION1 EMPLOYM5T1 ETC474 ,! UNIONS 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETY CON/ITUTE !MSELVES 9TO A C\NT]-0MONOPOLY0 TO ! 9DU/RIAL MONOPOLIES & >E 9CORPORAT$ 9TO ! NEOM]CANTILE /ATIFI$ ECONNOMY AS AN E/ATE4 ,)9 ?IS E/ATE !RE >E LESS] OR GREAT] CONFLICTS1 BUT TAK5 AS A :OLE ! UNIONS /R5G!N ! SY/EM & S]VE TO P]PETUATE IT4  

 ,TO RE9=CE ?IS CLASS /RUCTURE BY BABBL+ AB\T ! 0ROLE ( ! WORK+ CLASS10 TO RE9=CE ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE BY IMPUT+ A 0REVOLUTION>Y0 CONT5T TO IT1 TO 9FECT ! NEW REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ( \R TIME ) 0WORK]ITIS0 IS REACTION>Y TO ! CORE4 ,H[ (T5 DO ! ,M>XIAN DOCTR9AIRES HAVE TO BE REM9D$ ?AT ! HI/ORY ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE IS ! HI/ORY ( A DISEASE1 ( ! W\NDS OP5$ BY ! FAM\S 0SOCIAL QUE/ION10 ( MAN'S ONE-SID$ DEVELOPM5T 9 TRY+ TO GA9 CONTROL OV] NATURE BY DOM9AT+ HIS FELL[ MAN8 ,IF ! BYPRODUCT ( ?IS DISEASE HAS BE5 TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE1 ! MA9 PRODUCTS HAVE BE5 REPRESSION1 A HORRIBLE %$D+ ( HUMAN BLOOD & A T]RIFY+ DI/ORTION ( ! HUMAN PSY*E4  

,AS ! DISEASE APPROA*ES ITS 5D1 AS ! W\ND BEG9S TO HEAL 9 !IR DEEPE/ RECESSES1 ! PROCESS N[ UNFOLDS T[>D :OL5ESS2 ! REVOLUTION>Y IMPLICATIONS ( ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUGGLE LOSE !IR MEAN+ AS !ORETICAL CON/RUCTS & AS SOCIAL REALITY4 ,! PROCESS ( DECOMPOSITION EMBRACES NOT ONLY ! TRADITIONAL CLASS /RUCTURE BUT ALSO ! PATRI>*AL FAMILY1 AU?ORIT>IAN MODES ( UPBR++1 ! 9FLU5CE ( RELIGION1 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! /ATE1 & ! MORES BUILT >\ND TOIL1 R5UNCIATION1 GUILT & REPRESS$ SEXUALITY4 ,! PROCESS ( DIS9TEGRATION 9 %IRT1 N[ BECAAOMES G5]ALIZ$ & CUTS ACROSS VIRTUALLY ALL ! TRADITIONAL CLASSES1 VALUES & 9/ITUTIONS4 ,IT CREATES 5TIRELY NEW ISSUES1 MODES ( /RUGGLE & =MS ( ORGANIZATION & CALLS = AN 5TIRELY NEW APPROA* TO !ORY & PRAXIS4  

,:AT DOES ?IS MEAN CONCRETELY8 ,LET US CONTRA/ TWO APPROA*ES1 ! ,M>XIAN & ! REVOLUTION>Y4 ,! ,M>XIAN DOCTR9AIRE W\LD HAVE US APPROA* ! WORK]--OR BETT]1 05T]0 ! FACTORY--& PROSELYTIZE HIM 9 0PREF]5CE0 TO ANYONE ELSE4 ,! PURPOSE8--TO MAKE ! WORK] 0CLASS CONSCI\S40 ,TO CITE ! MO/ NE&]?AL EXAMPLES FROM ! OLD LEFT1 ONE CUTS ONE'S HAIR1 GROOMS ONESELF 9 CONV5TIONAL SPORTS CLO?+1 AB&ONS POT = CIG>ETTES & BE]1 DANCES CONV5TIONALLY1 AFFECTS 0R\<0 MANN]ISMS1 & DEVELOPS A HUMORLESS1 DEADPAN & POMP\S MI54#a  

,ONE BECOMES1 9 %ORT1 :AT ! WORK] AT HIS MO/ C>ICATURIZ$ WOR/3 NOT A 0PETTY B\RGEOIS DEG5]ATE10 TO BE SURE1 BUT A B\RGEOIS DEG5]ATE4 ,ONE BECOMES AN IMITATION ( ! WORK] 9S(> AS ! WORK] IS AN IMITATION ( HIS MA/]S4 ,B5EA? ! METAMORPHOSIS ( ! /UD5T 9TO ! 0WORK]0 LIES A VICI\S CYNICISM4 ,ONE TRIES TO USE ! DISCIPL9E 9CULCAT$ BY ! FACTORY MILIEU TO DISCIPL9E ! WORK] TO ! P>TY MILIEU4 ,ONE TRIES TO USE ! WORK]'S RESPECT = ! 9DU/RIAL HI]>*Y TO W$ TO WORK] TO ! P>TY HI]>*Y4 ,?IS DISGU/+ PROCESS1 :I* IF SUCCESSFUL C\LD LEAD ONLY TO ! SUB/ITUTION ( ONE HI]>*Y = ANO!R1 IS A*IEV$ BY PRET5D+ TO BE CONC]N$ ) ! WORK]'S ECONOMIC DAY-TO-DAY DEM&S4 ,EV5 ,M>XIAN !ORY IS DEGRAD$ TO ACCORD ) ?IS DEBAS$ IMAGE ( ! WORK]4 7,SEE ALMO/ ANY COPY ( ,*ALL5GE--! ,NATIONAL ,5QUIR] ( ! LEFT4 ,NO?+ BORES ! WORK] MORE ?AN ?IS K9D ( LIT]ATURE47 ,9 ! 5D1 ! WORK] IS %REWD 5\< TO KN[ :AT HE WILL GET BETT] RESULTS 9 ! DAY-TO-DAY CLASS /RUGGLE ?R\< HIS UNION BUREAUCRACY ?AN ?R\< A ,M>XIAN P>TY BUREAUCRACY4 ,! =TIES REVEAL$ ?IS SO DRAMATICALLY ?AT )9 A YE> OR TWO1 ) H>DLY ANY PROTE/ FROM ! RANK-&-FILE1 UNIONS SUCCE$$ 9 KICK+ \T BY ! ?\S&S 0,M>XIANS0 :O HAD DONE SPADE-WORK 9 ! LABOR MOVEM5T = MORE ?AN A DECADE1 EV5 RIS+ TO ! TOP LEAD]%IP ( ! OLD ,C,I,O 9T]NATIONALS4  

,! WORK] BECOMES A REVOLUTION>Y NOT BY BECOM+ MORE ( A WORK] BUT BY UNDO+ HIS 0WORK]NESS40 ,& 9 ?IS HE IS NOT ALONE2 ! SAME APPLIES TO ! F>M]1 ! /UD5T1 ! CL]K1 ! SOLDI]1 ! BUREAUCRAT1 ! PR(ESSIONAL--& ! ,M>XI/4 ,! WORK] IS NO LESS A 0B\RGEOIS0 ?AN ! F>M]1 /UD5T1 CL]K1 SOLDI]1 BUREAUCRAT1 PR(ESSIONAL--& ,M>XI/4 ,HIS 0WORK]NESS0 IS ! DISEASE HE IS SUFF]+ FROM1 ! SOCIAL AFFLICTION TELESCOP$ TO 9DIVIDUAL DIM5SIONS4 ,L59 UND]/OOD ?IS 9 ,:AT ,IS TO ,BE ,DONE8 BUT HE SMUGGL$ 9 ! OLD HI]>*Y UND] A R$ FLAG & SOME REVOLUTION>Y V]BIAGE4 ,! WORK] BEG9S TO BECOME A REVOLUTION>Y :5 HE UNDOES HIS 0WORK]NESS10  

,NOTE3 ,TEXT 9COMPLETE AT PAGE #a#h#i4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a ,!SE L9ES W]E WRITT5 :5 ! ,PROGRESSIVE ,LABOR ,P>TY 7,P,L,P7 EX]CIS$ A GREAT DEAL ( 9FLU5CE 9 ,S,D,S4 ,AL?\< ! ,P,L,P HAS N[ LO/ MO/ ( ITS 9FLU5CE 9 ! /UD5T MOVEM5T1 ! ORGANIZATION /ILL PROVIDES A GOOD EXAMPLE ( ! M5TALITY & VALUES PREVAL5T 9 ! ,OLD ,LEFT4 ,! ABOVE *>ACT]IZATION IS EQUALLY VALID = MO/ ,M>XI/-,L59I/ GR\PS1 H5CE ?IS PASSAGE & O!R REF]5CES TO ! ,P,L,P HAVE NOT BE5 SUB/ANTIALLY ALT]$4 
#b ,! ,DODGE ,REVOLUTION>Y ,UNION ,MOVEM5T1 P>T ( ! ,DETROIT-BAS$ ,LEAGUE ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,BLOACK ,WORK]S4 
#c ,M>XISM IS ABOVE ALL A !ORY ( PRAXIS1 OR TO PLACE ?IS RELATION%IP 9 ITS CORRECT P]SPECTIVE1 A PRAXIS ( !ORY4 ,?IS IS ! V]Y MEAN+ ( ,M>X'S TRANS=MATION ( DIALECTICS1 :I* TOOK IT FROM ! SUBJECTIVE DIM5SION 7TO :I* ! ,Y\NG ,HEGELIANS /ILL TRI$ TO CONF9E ,HEGEL'S \TLOOK7 9TO ! OBJECTIVE1 FROM PHILOSOPHICAL CRITIQUE 9TO SOCIAL ACTION4 ,IF !ORY & PRAXIS BECOME DIVORC$1 ,M>XISM IS NOT KILL$1 IT COMMITS SUICIDE4 ,?IS IS ITS MO/ ADMIRABLE & NOBLE FEATURE4 ,! ATTEMPTS ( ! CRET9S :O FOLL[ 9 ,M>X'S WAKE TO KEEP ! SY/EM ALIVE ) A PAT*WORK ( EM5DATIONS1 EXEG5ESIS1 & HALF-ASS$ 0S*OL>%IP0 A LA ,MAURICE ,DOBB & ,GEORGE ,NOVACK >E DEGRAD+ 9SULTS TO ,M>X'S NAME & A DISGU/+ POLLUTION ( EV]Y?+ HE /OOD =4 
#d ,9 FACT ,M>XI/S DO V]Y LITTLE TALK+ AB\T ! 0*RONIC .<ECONOMIC.> CRISIS ( CAPITALISM0 !SE DAYS---DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ?IS CONCEPT =MS ! FOCAL PO9T ( ,M>X'S ECONOMIC !ORIES4 
#e ,= ECOLOGICAL REASONS1 WE DO NOT ACCEPT ! NOTION ( ! 0DOM9ATION ( NATURE BY MAN0 9 ! SIMPLI/IC S5SE ?AT WAS PASS$ ON BY ,M>X A C5TURY AGO4 ,= A DISCUSSION ( ?IS PROBLEM1 SEE 0,ECOLOGY & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,?\<T40 
#f ,IT IS IRONIC ?AT ,M>XI/S :O TALK AB\T ! 0ECONOMIC P[]0 ( ! PROLET>IAT >E ACTUALLY E*O+ ! POSITION ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S1 A POSITION ?AT ,M>X BITT]LY OPPOS$4 ,M>X WAS NOT CONC]N$ ) ! 0ECONOMIC P[]0 ( ! PROLET>IAT BUT ) ITS POLITICAL P[]2 NOTABLY ! FACT ?AT IT W\LD BECOME ! MAJORITY ( ! POPULATION4 ,HE WAS CONV9C$ ?AT ! 9DU/RIAL WORK]S W\LD BE DRIV5 TO REVOLUTION PRIM>ILY BY MAT]IAL DE/ITUTION :I* W\LD FOLL[ FROM ! T5D5CY ( CAPITALI/ ACCUMULATION2 ?AT1 ORGANIZ$ BY ! FACTORY SY/EM & DISCIPL9$ BY AN 9DU/RIAL R\T9E1 !Y W\LD BE ABLE TO CON/ITUTE TRADE UNIONS &1 ABOVE ALL1 POLITICAL P>TIES1 :I* 9 SOME C\NTRIES W\LD BE OBLIG$ TO USE 9SURRECTION>Y ME?ODS & 9 O!RS 7,5GLI%1 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 & 9 LAT] YE>S ,5GELS ADD$ ,FRANCE7 MI<T WELL COME TO P[] 9 ELECTIONS & LEGISLATE SOCIALISM 9TO EXI/5CE4 ,*>ACT]I/ICALLY1 ! ,PROGRESSIVE ,LABOR ,P>TY HAS BE5 ) ! READ]S ( ,*ALL5GE1 LEAV+ IMPORTANT OBS]VATIONS UNTRANSLAT$ OR GROSSLY DI/ORT+ ,M>X'S MEAN+4 
#g ,?IS IS AS GOOD A PLACE AS ANY TO DISPOSE ( ! NOTION ?AT ANYONE IS A 0PROLET>IAN0 :O HAS NO?+ TO SELL BUT HIS LABOR P[]4 ,IT IS TRUE ?AT ,M>X DEF9$ ! PROLET>IAT 9 !SE T]MS1 BUT HE ALSO WORK$ \T A HI/ORICAL DIALECTIC 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! PROLET>IAT4 ,! PROLET>IAT DEVELOP \T ( A PROP]TYLESS EXPLOIT$ CLASS1 REA*+ ITS MO/ ADVANC$ =M 9 ! 9DU/RIAL PROLET>IAT1 :I* CORRESPOND$ TO ! MO/ ADVANC$ =M ( CAPITAL4 ,9 ! LAT] YE>S ( HIS LIFE1 ,M>X CAME TO DESPISE ! ,P>ISIAN WORK]S1 :O W]E 5GAG$ PREPOND]ANTLY 9 ! PRODUCTION ( LUXURY GOODS1 CIT+ 0\R ,G]MAN WORK]S0--! MO/ ROBOT-LIKE 9 ,EUROPE--AS ! 0MODEL0 PROLET>IAT ( ! WORLD4 
#h ,! ATTEMPT TO DESCRIBE ,M>X'S IMMIS]ATION !ORY 9 9T]NATIONAL T]MS 9/EAD ( NATIONAL 7AS ,M>X DID7 IS %E] SUBT]FUGE4 ,9 ! FIR/ PLACE1 ?IS !ORETICAL LEG]DEMA9 SIMPLY TRIES TO SIDE/EP ! QUE/ION ( :Y IMMIS]ATION HAS NOT OCCURR$ )9 ! 9DU/RIAL /RON<OLDS ( CAPITALISM1 ! ONLY >EAS :I* =M A TE*NOLOGICALLY ADEQUATE PO9T ( DEP>TURE = A CLASSLESS SOCIETY4 ,IF WE >E TO P9 \R HOPES ON ! COLONIAL WORLD AS 0! PROLET>IAT10 ?IS POSITION CONCEALS A V]Y REAL DANG]3 G5OCIDE4 ,AM]ICA & H] REC5T ALLY ,RUSSIA HAVE ALL ! TE*NICAL MEANS TO BOMB ! UND]DEVELOP$ WORLD 9TO SUBMISSION4 ,A ?REAT LURKS ON ! HI/ORICAL HORIZON--! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9TO A TRULY FASCI/ IMP]IUM ( ! NAZI TYPE4 ,IT IS %E] RUBBI% TO SAY ?AT ?IS C\NTRY IS A 0PAP] TIG]40 ,IT IS A !RMONUCLE> TIG] & ! ,AM]ICAN RUL+ CLASS1 LACK+ ANY CULTURAL RE/RA9TS1 IS CAPABLE ( BE+ EV5 MORE VICI\S ?AN ! ,G]MAN4 
#i ,L59 S5S$ ?IS & DESCRIB$ 0SOCIALISM0 AS 0NO?+ BUT /ATE CAPITALI/ MONOPOLY MADE TO B5EFIT ! :OLE PEOPLE40 ,?IS IS AN EXTRAORD9>Y /ATEM5T IF ONE ?9KS \T ITS IMPLICATIONS1 & A M\?FUL ( CONTRADICTIONS4 
#a ,ON ?IS SCORE1 ! ,OLD ,LEFT PROJECTS ITS [N NE&]?AL IMAGE ON ! ,AM]ICAN WORK]4 ,ACTUALLY ?IS IMAGE MORE CLOSELY APPROXIMATES ! *>ACT] ( ! UNION BUREAUCRAT OR ! ,/AL9I/ COMMISS>4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aig 3 ,LI/51 ,M>XI/6 -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,LI/51 ,M>XI/6 -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,LI/51 ,M>XI/6 -- ,UPDAT$4 

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