,KROPOTK9 ON ,MUTUAL ,AID -- ,REVIEW 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,S\RCE3 ,WE/]N ,SOCIALI/1 ,BO/ON1 ,U,S,A1 ,JANU>Y-,FEBRU>Y #a#i#e#f2 
,TRANSCRIB$3 BY ,ADAM ,BUICK4 

,M,U,T,U,A,L ,A,I,D4 ,BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK91 ) ,=EWORD BY ,A%LEY ,MONTAGUE1 & 9CLUD+ 0,! ,/RUGGLE = ,EXI/5CE0 BY ,T4 ,H4 ,HUXLEY4 ,EXT5D+ ,HORIZONS ,PRESS1 ,BO/ON1 #a#i#e#e1 PP4 #c#f#b1 @s#c44 

,?IS NEW ISSUE ( ,KROPOTK9'S WORK ON ,MUTUAL 
,AID1 FIR/ PUBLI%$ AT ! TURN ( ! C5TURY1 NOT ONLY SATISFIES ! 
NE$ = ITS CONT9U$ AVAILABILITY BUT -- 9 SOME MEASURE -- ALSO 
HELPS TO COMBAT ! CURR5T NEO-,MAL?USIANISM & ! R5EW$1 ?\< FUTILE1 
ATTEMPTS TO PRES5T CAPITALI/ COMPETITION AS A 0LAW ( NATURE40 
,PROVOK$ BY ,HUXLEY'S BELIEF ?AT 9 NATURE & SOCIETY ! /RUGGLE = 
EXI/5CE IS ONE ( ALL AGA9/ ALL1 ,KROPOTK9 DEMON/RAT$ ?AT BO? 9 ! 
ANIMAL WORLD & HUMAN SOCIETY IT IS RA!R MUTUAL AID :I* SECURES EXI/5CE 
& MAKES = PROGRESS4 

,:AT ,HUXLEY PROCLAIM$ PASSES UND] ! NAME ( ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM 
-- 0! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/40 ,! SUCCESSFUL 9 SOCIETY 
>E SU* BY WAY ( 0NATURAL SELECTION40 ,NO?+ CAN BE DONE AB\T 
IT1 & NO APOLOGY IS NE$$1 AS NATURE IS NEI!R 0MORAL0 NOR 
0IMMORAL10 BUT 0NON-MORAL40 ,( C\RSE1 ATTEMPTS >E 
MADE TO DEFY 0NATURAL LAW0 ?R\< ! E/ABLI%M5T ( SOCIAL 
ORD] DESIGN$ TO MITIGATE ! /RUGGLE ( ALL AGA9/ ALL4 ,YET ?IS PROMISES 
LITTLE = ! FUTURE BECAUSE POPULATION T5DS TO \TRUN ! MEANS ( 
SUBSI/5CE1 & ?US ! /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL CONT9UES TO DE/ROY ! 
WEAK4 

,KROPOTK9 DID NOT ANSW] ,HUXLEY'S ,MAL?USIAN >GUM5T1 EV5 ?\< IT 
IS ! ONLY ONE ,HUXLEY ADVANC$ 9 SUPPORT ( HIS VIEWS4 ,9/EAD1 HE 
DESCRIB$ =MS ( MUTUAL AID OBS]V$ 9 ! ANIMAL WORLD & V>I\S TYPES ( 
SOCIAL COLLABORATION ?R\<\T MAN'S HI/ORY4 ,?IS HE DID EXCELL5TLY1 
SO ?AT ! BOOK -- QUITE AP>T FROM ITS SPECIAL 9T5T -- IS AN 
IMPORTANT /UDY ( ANIMAL BEHAVIOR & ( ! EVOLUTION ( HUMAN SOCIALITY4 
,HIMSELF UND] ! SPELL ( ,D>W9ISM1 ,KROPOTK9 WI%$ TO CORRECT ITS 
CAPITALI/ICALLY-DET]M9$ ONE-SID$ 9T]PRETATION1 :I* SAW ONLY 
COMPETITION & NOT ! F> MORE IMPORTANT FACTOR ( MUTUAL AID AS ! 
9/RUM5T ( SURVIVAL4 ,HE DID NOT TAKE UP ! ,MAL?USIAN >GUM5T BECAUSE HE 
?\<T ?AT EXI/+ 0NATURAL *ECKS TO OV]-MULTIPLICATION0 MADE 
IT IRRELEVANT4 

,?IS PLAYS 9TO ! H&S ( ! 0SOCIAL ,D>W9I/S10 :O DO NOT 
DI/+UI% BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE1 & SEE 9 ALL SOCIAL MIS]Y 
MANIFE/ATIONS ( 0NATURAL LAWS40 ,!Y W\LD 9SI/ ?AT1 EV5 
?\< ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE MAY NOT BE *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! EV]-PRES5T 
BITT] /RUGGLE = ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 NEV]!LESS PAUP]ISM & 
/>VATION1 AS ALSO FAM9E & PE/IL5CE1 MU/ BE REG>D$ AS 0NATURAL 
*ECKS TO OV]-POPULATION40 ,9 !IR VIEWS1 ! ALLEVIATION ( HUMAN 
SUFF]+1 CAUS$ BY :ATEV] REASON1 OPPOSES ! NECESS>Y 0NATURAL 
*ECKS TO OV]-POPULATION40 

,KROPOTK9 DID NOT ANSW] ! ,MAL?USIAN >GUM5T BECAUSE HE1 TOO1 DID NOT 
CLE>LY 5\< DI/+UI% BETWE5 SOCIETY & NATURE4 ,JU/ AS TO ! SOCIAL 
,D>W9I/S COMPETITION IS 9/9CTIVE TO BO? M5 & BEA/1 SO TO ,KROPOTK9 
MUTUAL AID IS A 0MORAL 9/9CT0 ( 0PREHUMAN ORIG90 
& A 0LAW ( NATURE40 ,?IS DID NOT H9D] HIM1 H[EV]1 FROM 
MAK+ ! 0WAT*WORD1 MUTUAL AID10 :I* COMES TO US 0FROM 
! BU%1 ! =E/1 ! RIV]1 ! OCEAN10 9TO ! F\NDATION ( \R 
0E?ICAL CONCEPTIONS0 SO AS TO SECURE 0A /ILL L(TI] 
EVOLUTION ( \R RACE40 ,IT SEEMS1 !N1 ?AT 0NATURAL LAWS0 
TO BE REALLY EFFECTIVE REQUIRE ! SUPPORT OR NEGLECT ( M54 

,OBS]VATION REVEALS ?AT !RE IS BO? COMPETITION & MUTUAL AID )9 & 
BETWE5 ! DIFF]5T SPECIES4 ,MUTUAL AID IS1 ( C\RSE1 ! BE/ WAY 
= SURVIVAL = ?OSE SPECIES :OSE SURVIVAL DEP5DS ON MUTUAL AID1 AS 
COMPETITION4 ,= A LONG TIME1 H[EV]1 SURVIVAL 9 ! ANIMAL WORLD HAS NOT 
DEP5D$ UPON ! PRACTICE ( EI!R MUTUAL AID OR COMPETITION BUT HAS BE5 
DET]M9$ BY ! DECISION ( M5 AS TO :I* SPECIES %\LD LIVE & ?RIVE 
& :I* %\LD BE EXT]M9AT$4 ,:ATEV] 0NATURAL LAW0 MAY MEAN 
) REG>D TO ANIMAL BEHAVIOR1 IT IS OV]RUL$ BY MAN-MADE 0LAWS0 
?AT %APE 0NATURE0 TO !IR [N NE$S OR :IMS4 0,NATURE 9 
! RAW10 SO TO SPEAK1 :]E 0NATURAL LAWS0 C\LD RULE IS N[ 
9 NE$ ( PRES]VATION & PROTECTION BY NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL LAW4 
,:]EV] MAN RULES1 ! 0LAWS ( NATURE0 ) RESPECT TO ANIMAL 
LIFE CEASE TO EXI/4 

,IF ?IS IS TRUE = ! ANIMAL WORLD1 H[ MU* MORE MU/ ?IS BE TRUE = 
MAN HIMSELF4 ,AL?\< ALSO A GREAT ADMIR] ( ,D>W91 ,M>X DREW ATT5TION TO 
! FACT ?AT 0NATURE0 IS CONT9U\SLY *ANG$ BY ! ACTIVITIES ( 
M51 & 7AGA9/ ,MAL?USIANISM SPECIFICALLY7 ?AT NO 0NATURAL LAW0 
GOV]NS ! GR[? ( POPULATION4 ,! *ANG+ SOCIAL /RUCTURE1 NOT 
0NATURAL LAW10 DET]M9ES :E!R !RE IS 
0OV]-POPULATION0 OR NOT1 & :E!R 9 CONSEQU5CE !RE(1 OR 
9DEP5D5TLY ( IT1 MUTUAL AID OR COMPETITION *>ACT]IZES SOCIAL 
RELATION%IPS4 0,OV]-POPULATION0 & ! HUNG] & MIS]Y 
ASSOCIAT$ ) IT1 >E NOT PRODUCTS ( NATURE BUT PRODUCTS ( M51 OR RA!R 
( SOCIAL RELATION%IPS :I* PRECLUDE SU* A SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ( PRODUCTION 
& ( LIFE G5]ALLY AS W\LD ABOLI% ) ! PROBLEM ( HUNG] ?AT ( 
0OV]-POPULATION40 ,! 0OV]-POPULATION0 ( :I* 
,HUXLEY SPOKE WAS NOT ONE RELATIVE TO ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE1 BUT RELATIVE TO 
! NE$S ( CAPITAL ACCUMULATION2 IT WAS A PRODUCT ( ! CAPITALI/ MODE ( 
PRODUCTION NOT ( 0NATURAL LAW40 

,TO BE SURE1 0OV]-POPULATION0 SEEMS TO EXI/ 9 L>GE P>TS ( 
! WORLD :]E PEOPLE >E SUBJECT$ TO FAM9ES1 FLOODS & BACKW>D ME?ODS ( 
PRODUCTION4 ,:ILE ?IS CONDITION MAY NOT BE MAN-MADE1 IT IS AT ANY RATE 
MA9TA9$ BY M51 SO AS TO SECURE PRIVILEG$ POSITIONS )9 EXI/+ SOCIAL 
RELATIONS1 OR 9T]NATIONAL P[] RELATIONS1 OR BO? SIMULTANE\SLY4 
0,OV]-POPULATION0 IS NOT ! CAUSE BUT ! RESULT ( !SE ATTEMPTS 
TO >RE/ SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T1 AS MAY BE SE5 BY ! FACT ?AT :]EV] HUNG] 
IS ELIM9AT$ POPULATION T5DS TO DECL9E4 ,BUT EV5 IF IT W\LD NOT DO SO1 
!RE EXI/ = A V]Y LONG TIME AMPLE OPPORTUNITIES = AN 9CREAS$ 
PRODUCTION ABLE TO FE$ A WORLD POPULATION MANY TIMES ITS PRES5T SIZE4 

,IT IS NOT REALLY 0OV]-POPULATION0 :I* WORRIES ! RUL+ 
CLASSES4 ,RA!R ! OPPOSITE IS TRUE2 AS IS MADE CLE> BY FRANTIC EF=TS TO 
9CREASE POPULATION AT ! FIR/ SIGN ( ITS T5D5TIAL DECL9E1 BY ! FACT 
?AT BIR?-CONTROL IS MADE A CRIME1 & BY ! MA9T5ANCE ( CONDITIONS ?AT 
FO/] A VA/ 9CREASE ( ! IMPOV]I%$ MASSES4 ,CONDITIONS ( MIS]Y = ! 
MASSES >E A PR]EQUISITE TO ! WEAL? & SPECIAL SOCIAL POSITION ( ! 
RUL+ CLASSES4 

,AL?\< IT IS GOOD TO KN[ ?AT !RE IS JU/ AS MU*1 OR MORE1 MUTUAL AID 
AS COMPETITION 9 NATURE & SOCIETY1 ?IS IS NOT 5\< TO MAKE M5 *ANGE 
!IR WAYS & TO ALT] SOCIAL RELATION%IPS4 ,= ?OSE :O PR(IT BY 
CONDITIONS IT DOES NOT MATT] :E!R IT IS 0NATURAL0 OR 
0UNNATURAL10 ! 0BE/0 OR ! 0WOR/0 
ME?OD = SURVIVAL ( ! SPECIES4 ,MANK9D IS NONE ( !IR CONC]N4 ,= ?OSE 
:O CREATE ! PR(ITS IT MAY BE NICE TO KN[ ?AT ! MUTUAL AID PRACTIC$ 9 
!IR [N CIRCLES ATTE/S TO !IR HI< E?ICAL CONCEPTS & NATURAL BEHAVIOR1 
BUT IT DOES NOT /OP !IR EXPLOITATION4 ,! :OLE CONTROV]SY BETWE5 ,HUXLEY 
& ,KROPOTK9 IS SOME:AT BESIDE ! PO9T -- IT DOES NOT T\* UPON ! 
RELEVANT ISSUES ( SOCIETY1 NAMELY ?AT 0MUTUAL AID0 9 HUMAN 
SOCIETY PRESUPPOSES ! ABOLITION ( CLASS RELATIONS4 

,FROM 3 ,M>XI/S4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,M>* #b1 #bba 3 ,KROPOTK9 ON ,MUTUAL ,AID -- ,REVIEW -- ,ADD$4 
,JANU>Y #h1 #bbb 3 ,KROPOTK9 ON ,MUTUAL ,AID -- ,REVIEW -- ,UPDAT$4 

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