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,JURIES ,( ,! ,PRES5T ,DAY ,ILLEGAL 

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,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,LYS&] ,SPOON] 

,TEXT 3 

,FREE ,POLITICAL ,9/ITUTIONS 

,!IR ,NATURE1 ,ESS5CE1 & ,MA9T5ANCE 

,AN ,ABRIDGM5T & ,RE>RANGEM5T ( ,LYS&] ,SPOON]'S 0,TRIAL BY JURY0 

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,IT MAY PROBABLY BE SAFELY ASS]T$ ?AT !RE >E AT ?IS DAY NO LEGAL JURIES1 EI!R 9 ,5GL& OR ,AM]ICA4 ,& IF !RE >E NO LEGAL JURIES1 !RE IS ( C\RSE NO LEGAL TRIAL OR 0JUDGM5T0 BY JURY4 

,9 SAY+ ?AT !RE >E PROBABLY NO LEGAL JURIES1 ,I MEAN ?AT !RE >E PROBABLY NO JURIES APPO9T$ 9 CON=MITY ) ! PR9CIPLES ( ! COMMON LAW4 

,! T]M JURY IS A TE*NICAL ONE1 D]IV$ FROM ! COMMON LAW1 & :5 ! ,AM]ICAN CON/ITUTIONS PROVIDE = ! TRIAL BY JURY1 !Y PROVIDE = ! COMMON LAW TRIAL BY JURY1 & NOT M]ELY = ANY TRIAL BY JURY ?AT ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF MAY *ANCE TO 9V5T & CALL BY ?AT NAME4 ,IT IS ! ?+1 & NOT M]ELY ! NAME1 ?AT IS GU>ANTE$4 ,ANY LEGISLATION1 !RE=E1 ?AT 9FR+ES ANY ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLE ( ! COMMON LAW1 9 ! SELECTION ( JURORS1 IS UNCON/ITUTIONAL1 & ! JURIES SELECT$ 9 ACCORDANCE ) SU* LEGISLATION >E1 ( C\RSE1 ILLEGAL1 & !IR JUDGM5TS VOID4 

,:AT1 !N1 >E ! ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLES ( ! COMMON LAW CONTROLL+ ! SELECTION ( JURORS8 

,!Y >E TWO4 

#a4 ,?AT ALL ! FREEM51 OR ADULT MALE MEMB]S ( ! ,/ATE1 %ALL BE ELIGIBLE AS JURORS4 

,ANY LEGISLATION :I* REQUIRES ! SELECTION ( JURORS TO BE MADE FROM A LESS NUMB] ( FREEM5 ?AN ! :OLE MAKES ! JURY SELECT$ AN ILLEGAL ONE4 

,IF A P>T ONLY ( ! FREEM51 OR MEMB]S ( ! ,/ATE1 >E ELIGIBLE AS JURORS1 ! JURY NO LONG] REPRES5T 0! C\NTRY10 BUT ONLY A P>T ( 0! C\NTRY40 

,IF ! SELECTION ( JURORS CAN BE RE/RICT$ TO ANY LESS NUMB] ( FREEM5 ?AN ! :OLE1 IT CAN BE RE/RICT$ TO A V]Y SMALL PORTION ( ! :OLE1 & ?US ! GOV]NM5T BE TAK5 \T ( ! H&S ( 0! C\NTRY10 OR ! :OLE PEOPLE1 & BE ?R[N 9TO ! H&S ( A FEW4 

,ANY 9FR+EM5T OR RE/RICTION ( ! COMMON LAW RI<T ( ! :OLE BODY ( ! FREEM5 ( ! K+DOM TO ELIGIBILITY AS JURORS1 WAS LEGALLY AN ABOLITION ( ! TRIAL BY JURY ITSELF4 ,! JURIES NO LONG] REPRES5T$ 0! C\NTRY10 BUT ONLY A P>T ( ! C\NTRY2 ?AT P>T1 TOO1 ON :OSE FAVOR ! GOV]NM5T *OSE TO RELY = ! MA9T5ANCE ( ITS P[]1 & :I* IT !RE=E SAW FIT TO SELECT AS BE+ ! MO/ RELIABLE 9/RUM5TS = ITS PURPOSE ( OPPRESSION T[>DS ! RE/4 

,!SE RE/RICTIONS1 OR 9DE$ ANY ONE ( !M1 ( ! RI<T ( ELIGIBILITY AS JURORS1 W]E1 9 PR9CIPLE1 A COMPLETE ABOLITION ( ! ,5GLI% CON/ITUTION1 OR1 AT LEA/1 ( ITS MO/ VITAL & VALUABLE P>T4 ,IT WAS1 9 PR9CIPLE1 AN ASS]TION ( A RI<T1 ON ! P>T ( ! GOV]NM5T1 TO SELECT ! 9DIVIDUALS :O W]E TO DET]M9E ! AU?ORITY ( ITS [N LAWS1 & ! EXT5T ( ITS [N P[]S4 ,IT WAS1 !RE=E1 9 EFFECT1 ! ASS]TION ( A RI<T1 ON ! P>T ( ! GOV]NM5T ITSELF1 TO DET]M9E ITS [N P[]S1 & ! AU?ORITY ( ITS [N LEGISLATION1 OV] ! PEOPLE2 & A D5IAL ( ALL RI<T1 ON ! P>T ( ! PEOPLE1 TO JUDGE ( OR DET]M9E !IR [N LIB]TIES AGA9/ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS1 !RE=E1 9 REALITY1 A DECL>ATION ( 5TIRE ABSOLUTISM ON ! P>T ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WAS AN ACT AS PURELY DESPOTIC1 9 PR9CIPLE1 AS W\LD HAVE BE5 ! EXPRESS ABOLITION ( ALL JURIES :ATSOEV]4 ,BY 0! LAW ( ! L&10 :I* ! K+S W]E SWORN TO MA9TA91 EV]Y FREE ADULT MALE ,BRITI% SUBJECT WAS ELIGIBLE TO ! JURY BOX1 ) FULL P[] TO EX]CISE HIS [N JUDGM5T AS TO ! AU?ORITY & OBLIGATION ( EV]Y /ATUTE ( ! K+ :I* MI<T COME BE=E HIM4 

,! PR9CIPLE1 !N1 ( ! COMMON LAW WAS ?AT EV]Y FREEMAN1 OR FREEBORN MALE ,5GLI%MAN1 ( ADULT AGE1 ETC41 WAS ELIGIBLE TO SIT 9 JURIES BY VIRTUE ( HIS CIVIL FRE$OM1 OR HIS BE+ A MEMB] ( ! ,/ATE OR BODY POLITIC4 ,BUT ! PR9CIPLE ( ! PRES5T ,5GLI% /ATUTES IS ?AT A MAN %ALL HAVE A RI<T TO SIT 9 JURIES BECAUSE HE [NS L&S 9 FEESIMPLE4 ,AT ! COMMON LAW A MAN WAS BORN TO ! RI<T TO SIT 9JURIES4 ,BY ! PRES5T /ATUTES HE BUYS ?AT RI<T :5 HE BUYS HIS L&4 ,& ?US ?IS1 ! GREATE/ ( ALL POLITICAL RI<TS ( AN ,5GLI%MAN1 HAS BECOME A M]E >TICLE ( M]*&ISE1 A ?+ ?AT IS B\<T & SOLD 9 ! M>KET = :AT IT WILL-BR+4 

,( C\RSE !RE CAN BE NO LEGALITY 9 SU* JURIES AS !SE1 BUT ONLY 9 JURIES TO :I* EV]Y FREE OR NATURAL-BORN ADULT MALE ,5GLI%MAN IS ELIGIBLE4 

,! SECOND ESS5TIAL PR9CIPLE ( ! COMMON LAW1 CONTROLL+ ! SELECTION ( JURORS1 IS ?AT1 :5 ! SELECTION ( ! ACTUAL JURORS COMES TO BE MADE 7FROM ! :OLE BODY ( MALE ADULTS71 ?AT SELECTION %ALL BE MADE 9 SOME MODE ?AT EXCLUDES ! POSSIBILITY ( *OICE ON ! P>T ( ! GOV]NM5T4 

,( C\RSE ?IS PR9CIPLE =BIDS ! SELECTION TO BE MADE BY ANY (FIC] ( ! GOV]NM5T4 

,!RE SEEMS TO HAVE BE5 AT LEA/ ?REE MODES ( SELECT+ ! JURORS1 AT ! COMMON LAW4 #a4 ,BY LOT1 #b4 ,TWO KNI<TS1 OR O!R FREEHOLD]S1 W]E APPO9T$ 7PROBABLY BY ! %]IFF74 #c4 ,BY ! %]IFF1 BAILIFF1 OR O!R P]SON1 :O HELD ! C\RT1 OR RA!R ACT$ AS ITS M9I/]IAL (FIC]4 ,PROBABLY ! LATT] MODE MAY HAVE BE5 ! MO/ COMMON1 AL?\< !RE MAY BE SOME D\BT ON ?IS PO9T4 

,AT ! COMMON LAW ! %]IFFS1 BAILIFFS1 & O!R (FIC]S W]E *OS5 BY ! PEOPLE 9/EAD ( BE+ APPO9T$ BY ! K+4 ,AT COMMON LAW1 !RE=E1 JURORS SELECT$ BY !SE (FIC]S W]E LEGALLY SELECT$1 SO F> AS ! PR9CIPLE N[ UND] DISCUSSION IS CONC]N$2 ?AT IS1 !Y W]E NOT SELECT$ BY ANY (FIC] :O WAS DEP5D5T ON ! GOV]NM5T4 

,BUT 9 ! YE> #a#c#a#e1 ONE HUNDR$ YE>S AFT] ,MAGNA ,*>TA1 ! *OICE ( %]IFFS WAS TAK5 FROM ! PEOPLE1 & IT WAS 5ACT$3 

0,?AT ! %]IFFS %ALL H5CE=? BE ASSIGN$ BY ! *ANCELLOR1 TREASUR]1 B>ONS ( ! EX*EQU]1 & BY ! JU/ICES4 ,& 9 ! ABS5CE ( ! *ANCELLOR1 BY ! TREASUR]1 B>ONS1 & JU/ICES40 -#i $W>D ,I,I41 /4 #b4 7#a#c#a#e74 

,!SE (FIC]S1 :O APPO9T$ ! %]IFFS1 W]E !MSELVES APPO9T$ BY ! K+1 & HELD !IR (FICES DUR+ HIS PLEASURE4 ,!IR APPO9TM5T ( %]IFFS WAS1 !RE=E1 EQUIVAL5T TO AN APPO9TM5T BY ! K+ HIMSELF4 ,& ! %]IFFS ?US APPO9T$ HELD !IR (FICES ONLY DUR+ ! PLEASURE ( ! K+1 & W]E ( C\RSE M]E TOOLS ( ! K+2 & !IR SELECTION ( JURORS WAS REALLY A SELECTION BY ! K+ HIMSELF4 ,9 ?IS MANN] ! K+ USURP$ ! SELECTION ( ! JURORS :O W]E TO SIT 9 JUDGM5T UPON HIS [N LAWS4 

,H]E1 !N1 WAS ANO!R USURPATION BY :I* ! COMMON LAW TRIAL BY JURY WAS DE/ROY$1 SO F> AS RELAT$ TO ! C\NTY C\RTS 9 :I* ! %]IFFS PRESID$1 & :I* W]E ! MO/ IMPORTANT C\RTS ( ! K+DOM4 ,FROM ?IS CAUSE ALONE1 IF !RE W]E NO O!R1 !RE HAS NOT BE5 A LEGAL JURY 9 A C\NTY C\RT 9 ,5GL& = MORE ?AN FIVE HUNDR$ YE>S4 

,9 NE>LY1 IF NOT QUITE1 ALL ! ,/ATES ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES ! JURIES >E ILLEGAL1 = ONE OR ! O!R ( ! SAME REASONS1 ?AT MAKE ! JURIES 9 ,5GL& ILLEGAL4 

,9 ORD] ?AT ! JURIES 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES MAY BE LEGAL-?AT IS1 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! PR9CIPLE ( ! COMMON LAW-IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT EV]Y ADULT MALE MEMB] ( ! ,/ATE %\LD HAVE HIS NAME 9 ! JURY BOX1 OR BE ELIGIBLE AS A JUROR4 ,YET ?IS IS ! CASE 9 H>DLY A S+LE ,/ATE4 

,!RE HAS1 PROBABLY1 NEV] BE5 A LEGAL JURY OR A LEGAL TRIAL BY JURY 9 A S+LE C\RT ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES S9CE ! ADOPTION ( ! CON/ITUTION4 

,!SE FACTS %[ H[ MU* RELIANCE CAN BE PLAC$ 9 WRITT5 CON/ITUTIONS TO CONTROL ! ACTION ( ! GOV]NM5T & PRES]VE ! LIB]TIES ( ! PEOPLE4 

,IF ! REAL TRIAL BY JURY HAD BE5 PRES]V$ BY ! C\RTS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES-?AT IS1 IF WE HAD HAD LEGAL JURIES1 & ! JURORS HAD KN[N !IR RI<TSIT IS H>DLY PROBABLE ?AT ONE T5? ( ! PA/ LEGISLATION ( ,CONGRESS W\LD EV] HAVE BE5 5ACT$1 OR1 AT LEA/1 ?AT1 IF 5ACT$1 IT C\LD HAVE BE5 5=C$4 

,PROBABLY ! BE/ MODE ( APPO9T+ JURORS W\LD BE ?IS3 ,LET ! NAMES ( ALL ! ADULT MALE MEMB]S ( ! ,/ATE1 9 EA* T[N%IP1 BE KEPT 9 A JURY BOX BY ! (FIC]S ( ! T[N%IP2 & :5 A C\RT IS TO BE HELD = A C\NTY OR O!R DI/RICT1 LET ! (FIC]S ( A SUFFICI5T NUMB] ( T[N%IPS BE REQUIR$ 7)\T SEE+ ! NAMES7 TO DRAW \T A NAME FROM !IR BOXES RESPECTIVELY TO BE RETURN$ TO ! C\RT AS A JUROR4 ,?IS MODE ( APPO9TM5T W\LD GU>D AGA9/ COLLUSION & SELECTION2 & ,JURIES SO APPO9T$ W\LD BE LIKELY TO BE A FAIR EPITOME ( 0! C\NTRY40 

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,PR9T$ BY ,HAZELL1 ,WATSON @& ,V9EY1 ,LD41 ,LONDON &1 ,AYLESBURY4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bag 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 

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