,F\ND+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL 

#aiec 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TAGS 3 WORK]S 9 ! SAME TRADE1 BELGIUM G]MANY & SWITZ]L&1 WORK]S ( ALL TRADES1 9T]NATIONAL WORK+M5'S ASSOCIATION1 C\NTRIES ( EUROPE1 MASS ( WORK]S1 H\RS ( WORK1 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY1 SOCIAL WORLD1 TRADE UNION4 

,TEXT 3 

 ,F\ND+ ( ! ,WORK]'S ,9T]NATIONAL 

BY ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 #a#h#a#d-#a#h#g#f 

,FROM 0,! ,POLITICAL ,PHILOSOPHY ( ,BAKUN90 

BY ,G4,P4 ,MAXIM(F 

#a#i#e#c1 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 ,N,Y 

  

,PHOTO BY ,M>T9 ,CLAVEY1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,AWAK5+ ( ,LABOR ON ! ,EVE ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,9 #ahfc & #a#h#f#d1 ! YE>S ( ! F\ND+ ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 9 NE>LY ALL ( ! C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE1 & ESPECIALLY ?OSE :]E MOD]N 9DU/RY HAD REA*$ ITS HI<E/ DEVELOPM5T - 9 ,5GL&1 ,FRANCE1 ,BELGIUM1 ,G]MANY1 & ,SWITZ]L& - TWO FACTS MADE !MSELVES MANIFE/1 FACTS :I* FACILITAT$ & PRACTICALLY MADE M&ATORY ! CREATION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,! FIR/ WAS ! SIMULTANE\S AWAK5+ 9 ALL ! C\NTRIES ( ! CONSCI\SNESS1 C\RAGE1 & SPIRIT ( ! WORK]S1 FOLL[+ TWELVE OR EV5 FIFTE5 YE>S ( A /ATE ( DEPRESSION :I* CAME AS A RESULT ( ! T]RIBLE DEBACLE ( #ahdh & #a#h#e#a4 ,! SECOND FACT WAS ?AT ( ! M>VEL\S DEVELOPM5T ( ! WEAL? ( ! B\RGEOISIE &1 AS ITS NECESS>Y ACCOMPANIM5T1 ! POV]TY ( ! WORK]S 9 ALL ! C\NTRIES4 ,?IS WAS ! FACT :I* SPURR$ !SE WORK]S TO ACTION1 :ILE !IR AWAK5+ CONSCI\SNESS & SPIRIT 5D[$ !M ) ! ESS5TIAL FAI?4 

 ,! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS4 ,BUT1 AS IT (T5 HAPP5S1 ?IS R5ASC5T FAI? DID NOT MANIFE/ ITSELF AT ONCE AMONG ! GREAT MASSES ( ! ,EUROPEAN WORK]S4 ,\T ( ALL ! C\NTRIES ( ,EUROPE !RE W]E ONLY TWO - SOON FOLL[$ BY O!RS - 9 :I* IT MADE ITS FIR/ APPE>ANCE4 ,EV5 9 ?OSE PRIVILEG$ C\NTRIES IT WAS NOT ! :OLE MASS BUT A SMALL NUMB] ( LITTLE1 WIDELY SCATT]$ WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS :I* FELT )9 !MSELVES ! /IRR+S ( A REBORN CONFID5CE1 FELT IT /RONGLY 5\< TO RESUME ! /RUGGLE2 & 9 ?OSE ASSOCIATIONS IT WAS AT FIR/ A FEW R>E 9DIVIDUALS1 ! MORE 9TELLIG5T1 ! MORE 5]GETIC1 ! MORE DEVOT$ AMONG !M1 & 9 MO/ CASES ?OSE :O ALREADY HAD BE5 TRI$ & DEVELOP$ BY PREVI\S /RUGGLES1 & :O1 FULL ( HOPE & FAI?1 MU/]$ ! C\RAGE TO TAKE ! 9ITIATIVE ( />T+ ! NEW MOVEM5T4 

 ,?OSE 9DIVIDUALS1 MEET+ CASUALLY 9 ,LONDON 9 #a#h#f#d1 9 CONNECTION ) ! ,POLI% QUE/ION - A PROBLEM ( ! HI<E/ POLITICAL IMPORTANCE1 BUT ONE ?AT WAS COMPLETELY ALI5 TO ! QUE/ION ( 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY ( LABOR-=M$1 UND] ! DIRECT 9FLU5CE ( ! F\ND]S ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! FIR/ NUCLEUS ( ?IS GREAT ASSOCIATION4 ,!N1 HAV+ RETURN$ TO !IR RESPECTIVE C\NTRIES - ,FRANCE1 ,BELGIUM1 ,G]MANY1 & ,SWITZ]L& - ! DELEGATES =M$ NUCLEI 9 ?OSE L&S4 ,?AT IS H[ ! 9ITIAL ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS 7( ! ,9T]NATIONAL7 W]E SET UP4 

 ,! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS DO NOT REPRES5T ANY SPECIAL 9DU/RY1 S9CE !Y COMPRISE ! MO/ ADVANC$ WORK]S 9 ALL K9DS ( 9DU/RIES4 ,!N :AT DO ?OSE SECTIONS REPRES5T8 ,!Y REPRES5T ! IDEA ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ITSELF4 ,:AT IS !IR MISSION8 ,! DEVELOPM5T & PROPAG&IZ+ ( ?IS IDEA4 ,& :AT IS ?IS IDEA ,IT IS ! EMANCIPATION NOT ONLY ( WORK]S 9 SU* & SU* AN 9DU/RY OR 9 SU* & SU* A C\NTRY1 BUT ( ALL WORK]S 9 ALL 9DU/RIES - ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK]S ( ALL ! C\NTRIES 9 ! WORLD4 ,IT IS ! G5]AL EMANCIPATION ( ALL ?OSE :O1 E>N+1 ) DIFFICULTY !IR MIS]ABLE LIVELIHOOD BY ANY PRODUCTIVE LABOR :AT EV]1 >E ECONOMICALLY EXPLOIT$ & POLITICALLY OPPRESS$ BY CAPITAL1 OR ,I RA!R BY ! [N]S & ! PRIVILEG$ BROK]S ( CAPITAL4 

 ,SU* IS ! NEGATIVE1 MILITANT1 OR REVOLUTION>Y P[] ( ?IS IDEA4 ,& ! POSITIVE =CE8 ,IT IS ! F\ND+ ( A NEW SOCIAL WORLD1 RE/+ ONLY UPON EMANCIPAT$ LABOR & SPONTANE\SLY CREAT$ UPON ! RU9S ( ! OLD WORLD1 BY ! ORGANIZATION & ! FREE F$]ATION ( WORK]S' ASSOCIATIONS LIB]AT$ FROM ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL YOKE ( ! PRIVILEG$ CLASSES4 

 ,?OSE TWO ASPECTS ( ! SAME QUE/ION1 ONE NEGATIVE & ! O!R POSITIVE1 >E 9SEP>ABLE FROM EA* O!R4 

 ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS ,>E ,M]E ,IDEOLOGICAL ,GR\P+S4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS >E ! ACTIVE & LIV+ C5T]S :]E ! NEW FAI? IS PRES]V$1 :]E IT DEVELOPS1 & :]E IT IS BE+ CL>IFI$4 ,NO ONE JO9S !M 9 ! CAPACITY ( A SPECIAL WORK] ( SU* & SU* A TRADE ) ! VIEW ( =M+ ANY P>TICUL> TRADE UNION ORGANIZATIONS4 ,?OSE :O JO9 ?OSE SECTIONS >E WORK]S 9 G5]AL1 HAV+ 9 VIEW ! G5]AL EMANCIPATION & ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 & ( ! NEW SOCIAL WORLD BAS$ ON LABOR4 ,! WORK]S COMPRIS+ ! MEMB]%IP ( ?OSE SECTIONS LEAVE BEH9D !M !IR *>ACT] ( SPECIAL OR 0REAL0 WORK]S1 PRES5T+ !MSELVES TO ! ORGANIZATION AS WORK]S 09 G5]AL40 ,WORK]S = :AT8 ,WORK]S = ! IDEA1 ! PROPAG&A & ORGANIZATION ( ! ECONOMIC & MILITANT MI<T ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 WORK]S = ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION4 

 ,! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS REPRES5T AN ALTOGE!R DIFF]5T *>ACT] FROM ?AT ( ! TRADE SECTIONS1 EV5 BE+ DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO !M4 ,:]EAS ! LATT]1 FOLL[+ A NATURAL C\RSE ( DEVELOPM5T1 BEG9 ) ! FACT 9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ! IDEA1 ! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS1 FOLL[+1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! C\RSE ( IDEAL OR AB/RACT DEVELOPM5T1 BEG9 ) ! IDEA 9 ORD] TO >RIVE AT ! FACT4 ,IT IS EVID5T ?AT 9 CONTRADI/9CTION TO ! FULLY REALI/IC OR POSITIVI/ ME?OD ( ! TRADE SECTIONS1 ! ME?OD ( ! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS APPE>S TO BE >TIFICIAL & AB/RACT4 ,?IS MANN] ( PROCE$+ FROM ! IDEA TO ! FACT IS PRECISELY ! ONE US$ BY ! IDEALI/S ( ALL S*OOLS1 !OLOGIANS1 & METAPHYSICIANS1 :OSE F9AL IMPOT5CE HAS BY N[ BECOME A MATT] ( HI/ORICAL RECORD4 ,! SECRET ( ?IS IMPOT5CE LIES 9 ! ABSOLUTE IMPOSSIBILITY ( >RIV+ AT ! REAL & CONCRETE FACT BY TAK+ ! ABSOLUTE IDEA AS ! />T+ PO9T4 

 ,! ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS 9 ,!MSELVES ,W\LD BE ,P[]LESS TO ,DRAW 9 ,GREAT ,MASSES ( ,WORK]S4 ,IF ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION W]E MADE UP ONLY ( ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS1 UND\BT$LY IT W\LD NEV] ATTA9 EV5 ONE HUNDR$? P>T ( ! IMPRESSIVE P[] UPON :I* IT IS PRID+ ITSELF N[4 ,?OSE SECTIONS W\LD BE M]ELY SO MANY WORK]S ACADEMIES :]E ALL QUE/IONS W\LD P]PETUALLY BE DISCUSS$1 9CLUD+ ( C\RSE ! QUE/ION ( ORGANIZATION ( LABOR1 BUT )\T ! SLI<TE/ ATTEMPT BE+ MADE TO C>RY IT 9TO PRACTICE1 NOR EV5 HAV+ ! POSSIBILITY ( DO+ IT444  

 444,IF ! ,9T]NATIONAL W]E MADE UP ONLY ( ,C5TRAL ,SECTIONS1 ! LATT] PROBABLY W\LD HAVE SUCCE$$ BY N[ 9 =M+ CONSPIRACIES = ! OV]?R[ ( ! PRES5T ORD] ( ?+S2 BUT SU* CONSPIRACIES W\LD BE CONF9$ ONLY TO M]E 9T5TIONS1 BE+ TOO IMPOT5T TO ATTA9 !IR GOAL S9CE !Y W\LD NEV] BE ABLE TO DRAW 9 MORE ?AN A V]Y SMALL NUMB] ( WORK]S - ! MO/ 9TELLIG5T1 MO/ 5]GETIC1 MO/ CONV9C$ & DEVOT$ AMONG !M4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY1 ! MILLIONS ( PROLET>IANS1 W\LD REMA9 \TSIDE ( ?OSE CONSPIRACIES1 BUT 9 ORD] TO OV]?R[ & DE/ROY ! POLITICAL & SOCIAL ORD] :I* N[ CRU%ES US1 IT W\LD BE NECESS>Y TO HAVE ! COOP]ATION ( ?OSE MILLIONS4 

 ,! ,EMPIRICAL ,APPROA* ( ,WORK]S TO ,!IR ,PROBLEMS4 ,ONLY 9DIVIDUALS1 & A SMALL NUMB] ( !M AT ?AT1 CAN BE C>RI$ AWAY BY AN AB/RACT & 0PURE0 IDEA4 ,! MILLIONS1 ! MASSES1 NOT ONLY ( ! PROLET>IAT BUT ALSO ( ! 5LI<T5$ & PRIVILEG$ CLASSES1 >E C>RI$ AWAY ONLY BY ! P[] & LOGIC ( 0FACTS10 APPREH5D+ & 5VISAG+ MO/ ( ! TIME ONLY !IR IMM$IATE 9T]E/S OR MOV$ ONLY BY !IR MONET>Y1 MORE OR LESS BL9D1 PASSIONS4 ,!RE=E1 9 ORD] TO 9T]E/ & DRAW ! :OLE PROLET>IAT 9TO ! WORK ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 IT IS NECESS>Y APPROA* IT NOT ) G5]AL & AB/RACT IDEAS1 BUT ) A LIV+ TANGIBLE COMPREH5SION ( ITS [N PRESS+ PROBLEMS1 ( :I* EVILS ! WORK]S >E AW>E 9 A CONCRETE MANN]4 

 ,!IR DAILY TRIBULATIONS1 AL?\< PRES5T+ TO A SOCIAL ?9K] A PROBLEM ( A G5]AL *>ACT] & BE+ ACTUALLY ONLY ! P>TICUL> EFFECTS ( G5]AL & P]MAN5T CAUSES1 >E 9 REALITY 9F9ITELY DIV]SE1 TAK+ ON A MULTITUDE ( DIFF]5T ASPECTS1 PRODUC$ BY A MULTITUDE ( TRANSITORY & CONTRIBUTORY CAUSES4 ,SU* IS ! DAILY REALITY ( ?OSE EVILS4 ,BUT ! MASS ( WORK]S :O >E =C$ TO LIVE FROM H& TO M\? & :O F9D H>DLY A MOM5T ( LEISURE 9 :I* TO ?9K ( ! NEXT DAY1 APPREH5D ! EVILS FROM :I* !Y SUFF] PRECISELY & EXCLUSIVELY 9 ! CONTEXT ( ?IS P>TICUL> REALITY BUT NEV] OR SC>CELY EV] 9 !IR G5]AL ASPECT4 

 ,CONCRETE ,/ATEM5T ,(F]S ! ,ONLY ,EFFECTIVE ,APPROA* TO ! ,GREAT ,MASS ( ,WORK]S4 ,IT FOLL[S !N ?AT 9 ORD] TO T\* ! HE>T & GA9 ! CONFID5CE1 ! ASS5T1 ! ADHESION1 & ! COOP]ATION ( ! ILLIT]ATE LEGIONS ( ! PROLET>IAT - & ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PROLET>IANS UN=TUNATELY /ILL BELONG 9 ?IS CATEGORY - IT IS NECESS>Y TO BEG9 TO SPEAK TO ?OSE WORK]S NOT ( ! G5]AL SUFF]+S ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT AS A :OLE BUT ( !IR P>TICUL>1 DAILY1 ALTOGE!R PRIVATE MIS=TUNES4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y TO SPEAK TO !M ( !IR [N TRADE & ! CONDITIONS ( !IR WORK 9 ! SPECIFIC LOCALITY :]E !Y LIVE2 ( ! H>% CONDITIONS & LONG H\RS ( !IR DAILY WORK1 ( ! SMALL PAY1 ! MEANNESS ( !IR EMPLOY]1 ! HI< CO/ ( LIV+1 & H[ IMPOSSIBLE IT IS = !M PROP]LY TO SUPPORT & BR+ UP A FAMILY4 

 ,& 9 LAY+ BE=E !M ! MEANS TO COMBAT ?OSE EVILS & TO BETT] !IR POSITION1 IT IS NOT NECESS>Y AT ALL TO SPEAK TO !M AT FIR/ ( ! G5]AL & REVOLUTION>Y MEANS :I* N[ CON/ITUTE ! PROGRAM ( ACTION ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION1 SU* AS ! ABOLITION ( 9DIVIDUAL H]$IT>Y PROP]TY & ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( PROP]TY ! ABOLITION ( ! JURIDICAL RI<T & ?AT ( ! ,/ATE1 & !IR REPLACEM5T BY ! ORGANIZATION & FREE F$]ATION ( PRODUC]S' ASSOCIATIONS ,! WORK]S1 9 ALL PROBABILITY1 W\LD H>DLY UND]/& ALL ?AT4 ,IT ALSO IS POSSIBLE ?AT1 F9D+ !MSELVES UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! RELIGI\S POLITICAL1 & SOCIAL IDEAS :I* GOV]NM5TS & PRIE/S HAVE TRI$ TO IMPLANT 9 !IR M9DS1 !Y WILL TURN AWAY 9 ANG] & DI/RU/ FROM ANY IMPRUD5T PROPAG&I/ :O TRIES TO CONV]T !M BY US+ SU* >GUM5TS4 

 ,NO1 !Y %\LD BE APPROA*$ ONLY BY WAY ( HOLD+ UP BE=E !M SU* MEANS ( /RUGGLE ! USEFULNESS ( :I* !Y CANNOT FAIL TO COMPREH5D1 & :I* !Y >E PRONE TO ACCEPT UPON ! PROMPT+S ( !IR GOOD S5SE & DAILY EXP]I5CE4 ,?OSE FIR/ ELEM5T>Y MEANS >E1 AS WE ALREADY HAVE SAID1 ! E/ABLI%+ ( COMPLETE SOLID>ITY ) !IR FELL[-WORK]S 9 ! %OP1 9 !IR [N DEF5SE & 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ !IR COMMON MA/]2 & !N ! EXT5SION ( ?IS SOLID>ITY TO ALL WORK]S 9 ! SAME TRADE & 9 ! SAME LOCALITY 9 !IR JO9T /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EMPLOY]S - ?AT IS1 !IR =MAL 5TRANCE AS ACTIVE MEMB]S 9TO ! SECTION ( !IR TRADE1 A SECTION AFFILIAT$ ) ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 

 ,! ECONOMIC FACT1 ! CONDITIONS 9 A SPECIAL 9DU/RY & ! P>TICUL> CONDITIONS ( EXPLOITATION ( ?AT 9DU/RY BY CAPITAL1 ! 9TIMATE & P>TICUL> SOLID>ITY ( 9T]E/S1 ( NE$S1 SUFF]+S1 & ASPIRATIONS :I* AMONG  ALL WORK]S :O >E MEMB]S ( ! SAME TRADE SECTION - ALL ?AT =MS ! REAL BASIS ( !IR ASSOCIATION4 ,! IDEA COMES AFT]W>DS AS ! EXPLANATION OR ! ADEQUATE EXPRESSION ( ! DEVELOPM5T & ! M5TAL REFLECTION ( ?IS FACT 9 ! COLLECTIVE CONSCI\SNESS4 

 ,SOLID>ITY ( ,TRADE ,UNION ,MEMB]S ,ROOT$ 9 ,ACTUALITY4 ,A WORK] NOT NE$ ANY GREAT 9TELLECTUAL PREP>ATION TO BECOME A MEMB] ( TRADE UNION SECTION .<( ! ,9T]NATIONAL.> REPRES5T+ HIS TRADE4 ,HE IS A MEMB] ( IT1 9 QUITE A NATURAL WAY1 BE=E EV5 BE+ AW>E ( IT4 ,ALL HE HAS TO KN[ IS ?AT HE IS BE+ WORK$ TO DEA? & ?AT ?IS KILL+ WORK1 SO POORLY PAID ?AT HE HAS H>DLY 5\< TO PROVIDE = HIS FAMILY1 5RI*ES HIS EMPLOY]1 :I* MEANS ?AT ! LATT] IS HIS RU?LESS EXPLOIT]1 HIS TIRELESS OPPRESSOR1 HIS 5EMY1 HIS MA/]1 T[>D :OM HE [ES NO O!R FEEL+ BUT ?AT ( HATE & ! REBELLI\SNESS ( A SLAVE1 TO GIVE PLACE MU* LAT]1 AFT] HE HAS VANQUI%$ ! EMPLOY] 9 ! F9AL /RUGGLE1 TO A S5SE ( JU/ICE & A FEEL+ ( BRO!RHOOD T[>D ! =M] EMPLOY] AS ONE :O IS N[ A FREE MAN4  

 ,! WORK] ALSO MU/ REALIZE - & ?IS IS NOT DIFFICULT = HIM TO UND]/& ?AT BY HIMSELF HE IS P[]LESS AGA9/ HIS MA/] & ?AT TO PREV5T HIS BE+ UTT]LY CRU%$ BY ! LATT]1 HE MU/ FIR/ UNITE ) HIS FELL[-WORK]S 9 ! %OP1 & BE LOYAL TO !M 9 ALL ! /RUGGLES >IS+ !RE AGA9/ ! MA/]4 

 ,9T]NATIONALISM ,GR[+ ,\T ( ,ACTUAL ,EXP]I5CES ( ,PROLET>IAN /RUGGLES4 ,HE ALSO MU/ KN[ ?AT M]ELY A UNION ( WORK]S 9 ! SAME %OP IS NOT SUFFICI5T1 ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ALL ! WORK]S 9 ! SAME TRADE EMPLOY$ 9 ! SAME LOCALITY %\LD UNITE4 ,ONCE HE REALIZES ?IS - & IF HE IS NOT EXCE$+LY /UPID1 HIS DAILY EXP]I5CE WILL TEA* HIM AS MU* AS ?AT - HE CONSCI\SLY BECOMES A DEVOT$ MEMB] ( HIS CORPORATIVE SECTION4 ,! LATT] ALREADY EXI/S AS A MATT] ( FACT1 BUT IT IS /ILL DEVOID ( 9T]NATIONAL CONSCI\SNESS1 IT IS /ILL ONLY A LOCAL FACT4 ,! SAME EXP]I5CE1 AT ?IS TIME COLLECTIVE1 WILL SOON OV]COME 9 ! CONSCI\SNESS ( ! LEA/ 9TELLIG5T WORK] ! N>R[ LIMITS ( EXCLUSIVELY LOCAL SOLID>ITY4 

 ,!RE COMES A CRISIS1 A /RIKE4 ,! WORK]S 9 A C]TA9 LOCALITY BELONG+ TO ! SAME TRADE MAKE COMMON CAUSE1 DEM&+ FROM !IR EMPLOY]S A WAGE 9CREASE OR A R$UCTION ( H\RS ( WORK4 ,! EMPLOY]S DO NOT WANT TO GRANT ?OSE DEM&S2 & S9CE !Y CANNOT DO )\T WORK]S1 !Y BR+ !M FROM O!R LOCALITIES OR O!R PROV9CES ( ! SAME C\NTRY OR EV5 FROM =EIGN C\NTRIES4 ,BUT 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES ! WORK]S WORK LONG] H\RS = LESS PAY2 & ! EMPLOY]S !RE CAN SELL !IR PRODUCTS *EAP]1 SUCCESSFULLY COMPET+ AGA9/ C\NTRIES :]E WORK]S WORK+ LESS E>N MORE1 & ?US =CE ! EMPLOY]S 9 ! LATT] C\NTRIES TO CUT WAGES & 9CREASE ! H\RS ( !IR WORK]S4 

 ,H5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT 9 ! LONG RUN ! RELATIVELY TOL]ABLE POSITION ( ! WORK]S 9 ONE C\NTRY CAN BE MA9TA9$ ONLY ON CONDITION ?AT IT BE MORE OR LESS ! SAME 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,ALL ?IS REPEATS ITSELF TOO (T5 TO ESCAPE ! ATT5TION ( EV5 ! MO/ SIMPLE-M9D$ WORK]S ,!N !Y COME TO REALIZE ?AT 9 ORD] TO PROTECT !MSELVES AGA9/ ! EV]-GR[+ EXPLOITATION BY ! EMPLOY]S1 IT IS NOT 5\< TO ORGANIZE SOLID>ITY ON A LOCAL SCALE1 BUT ?AT IT IS NECESS>Y TO UNITE ! WORK]S ( ! SAME TRADE NOT 9 ONE PROV9CE ONLY - & NOT EV5 9 JU/ ONE C\NTRY - BUT 9 ALL C\NTRIES1 & ABOVE ALL 9 ?OSE C\NTRIES :I* >E 9T]-L9K$ BY COMM]CIAL & 9DU/RIAL TIES4 ,:5 ! WORK]S COME TO REALIZE ALL ?IS1 !N AN ORGANIZATION WILL BE =M$ NOT ONLY ON A LOCAL NOR EV5 ON A NATIONAL SCALE1 BUT A TRULY 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION EMBRAC+ ALL ! WORK]S 9 A GIV5 TRADE4 

 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT YET AN ORGANIZATION ( WORK]S 9 G5]AL1 IT IS ONLY AN 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION ( A S+LE TRADE4 ,& 9 ORD] ?AT NON-$UCAT$ WORK]S REALIZE & RECOGNIZE ! ACTUAL SOLID>ITY EXI/+ AMONG ALL ! TRADE UNIONS ( ALL ! C\NTRIES ( ! WORLD1 IT IS NECESS>Y ?AT ! O!R WORK]S1 9TELLECTUALLY MORE DEVELOP$ ?AN ! RE/ & HAV+ SOME KN[L$GE ( ECONOMIC SCI5CE1 %\LD COME TO !IR AID4 ,NOT ?AT ! ORD9>Y WORK] LACKS DAILY EXP]I5CE 9 ?AT RESPECT1 BUT ! ECONOMIC PH5OM5A ?R\< :I* ?IS SOLID>ITY MANIFE/S ITSELF >E EXCE$+LY COMPLEX1 SO ?AT !IR TRUE MEAN+ MAY BE ABOVE ! COMPREH5SION ( ! UN5LI<T5$ WORK]4 

 ,IF WE ASSUME ?AT 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$ 9 A S+LE TRADE :ILE LACK+ 9 ! O!RS1 IT FOLL[S ?AT 9 ?IS ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RY WAGES WILL BE HI<] & H\RS ( WORK %ORT] ?AN 9 ALL O!R 9DU/RIES ,& IT HAV+ BE5 PROV5 ?AT BECAUSE ( ! COMPETITION ( EMPLOY]S & CAPITALI/S1 ! S\RCE ( REAL PR(ITS ( BO? IS ! COMP>ATIVELY L[ WAGES & ! LONG H\RS IMPOS$ UPON WORK]S1 IT IS CLE> ?AT 9 ! 9DU/RY 9 :I* ! WORK]S >E ORGANIZ$ ALONG 9T]NATIONAL L9ES1 ! CAPITALI/S & ! EMPLOY]S WILL E>N LESS ?AN 9 ALL ! O!RS1 AS A RESULT ( :I* ! CAPITALI/S WILL GRADUALLY TRANSF] !IR CAPITAL & CR$IT1 & ! EMPLOY]S !IR EXPLOIT+ ACTIVITY1 9TO ! LESS ORGANIZ$ OR ALTOGE!R UNORGANIZ$ BRAN*ES ( 9DU/RY4 

 ,?IS WILL NECESS>ILY LEAD TO A FALL+ (F 9 ! DEM& = LABOR 9 ! 9T]NATIONALLY ORGANIZ$ 9DU/RY1 :I* WILL NATURALLY RESULT 9 A WORS5+ ( ! SITUATION ( ! WORK]S 9 ?AT 9DU/RY1 :O WILL HAVE TO ACCEPT L[] WAGES 9 ORD] NOT TO />VE4 ,H5CE IT FOLL[S ?AT CONDITIONS ( LABOR CANNOT GET WORSE OR BETT] 9 ANY P>TICUL> 9DU/RY )\T IMM$IATELY AFFECT+ ! WORK]S 9 O!R 9DU/RIES1 & ?AT WORK]S ( ALL TRADES >E 9T]L9K$ ) REAL & 9DISSOLUBLE TIES ( SOLID>ITY4 

 ,9T]NATIONALISM ,ISSUES FROM ! ,LIV+ ,EXP]I5CES ( ! ,PROLET>IAT4 ,?IS SOLID>ITY HAS BE5 PROV5 BY SCI5CE AS WELL AS BY EXP]I5CE - SCI5CE = ?AT MATT] BE+ SIMPLY UNIV]SAL EXP]I5CE1 CLE>LY EXPRESS$1 SY/EMATICALLY & PROP]LY EXPLA9$4 ,BUT SOLID>ITY MANIFE/S ITSELF 9 ! WORK]S' WORLD BY A MUTUAL1 PR(\ND1 & PASSIONATE SYMPA?Y1 :I*1 - 9 A MEASURE ?AT ECONOMIC FACTORS & !IR POLITICAL & SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES KEEP ON DEVELOP+1 FACTORS TELL+ MORE & MORE DI/RESS+LY UPON ! WORK]S ( ALL TRADES - GR[S & BECOMES EV] MORE ( AN 9T5SE PASSION ) ! PROLET>IAT4 

 ,! WORK]S 9 EV]Y TRADE & 9 EV]Y C\NTRY2 [+ ON ONE H& TO ! MAT]IAL & MORAL SUPPORT :I* 9 ! C\RSE ( !IR /RUGGLE !Y F9D AMONG WORK]S 9 O!R TRADES & O!R C\NTRIES1 & ON ! O!R H&1 BECAUSE ( ! CONDEMNATION & ! SY/EMATIC1 HATE-BREA?+ OPPOSITION ) :I* !Y MEET NOT ONLY FROM !IR [N EMPLOY]S BUT ALSO FROM EMPLOY]S 9 O!R1 EV5 V]Y REMOTE 9DU/RIES1 & FROM ! B\RGEOISIE AS A :OLE - BECOME FULLY AW>E ( !IR SITUATION & ! PR9CIPAL CONDITIONS NECESS>Y TO !IR EMANCIPATION4 ,!Y SEE ?AT ! SOCIAL WORLD IS 9 REALITY DIVID$ 9TO ?REE MA9 CATEGORIES3 #a4 ,! C\NTLESS MILLIONS ( EXPLOIT$ WORK]S2 #b4 ,A FEW HUNDR$ ?\S& SECOND - OR ?IRD-RANK EXPLOIT]S2 #c4 ,A FEW ?\S&1 OR1 AT ! MO/1 A FEW T5S ( ?\S&S ( ! L>G] BEA/S ( PREY1 BIG CAPITALI/S :O HAVE GR[N FAT ON DIRECTLY EXPLOIT+ ! SECOND CATEGORY & 9DIRECTLY ! FIR/ CATEGORY1 POCKET+ AT LEA/ HALF ! PR(ITS OBTA9$ FROM ! COLLECTIVE LABOR ( HUMANITY4 

 ,AS SOON AS ! WORK] TAKES NOTE ( ?IS SPECIAL & ABID+ FACT1 HE MU/ SOON REALIZE1 BACKW>D ?\< HE MAY BE 9 HIS DEVELOPM5T1 ?AT IF !RE IS ANY MEANS ( SALVATION = HIM1 IT MU/ LIE ALONG ! L9ES ( E/ABLI%+ & ORGANIZ+ ! CLOSE/ PRACTICAL SOLID>ITY AMONG ! PROLET>IANS ( ! :OLE WORLD1 REG>DLESS ( 9DU/RIES1 OR C\NTRIES1 9 !IR /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! EXPLOIT+ B\RGEOISIE4 

 ,! ,NECESS>Y ,HI/ORIC ,PREMISES ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL4 ,H]E !N IS ! READY FRAMEWORK ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,WORK+M5'S ,ASSOCIATION4 ,IT WAS GIV5 TO US NOT BY A !ORY BORN 9 ! HEAD ( ONE OR SEV]AL PR(\ND ?9K]S1 BUT BY ! ACTUAL DEVELOPM5T ( ECONOMIC FACTS1 BY ! H>D TRIALS TO :I* ?OSE FACTS SUBJECT ! WORK+ MASSES1 & ! REFLECTIONS1 ! ?\<TS1 :I* !Y NATURALLY 5G5D] 9 ! M9DS ( ! WORK]S4 

 ,?AT ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,ASSOCIATION C\LD COME 9TO EXI/5CE IT WAS NECESS>Y ?AT ! ELEM5TS 9VOLV$ 9 ITS MAK+ - ! ECONOMIC FACTORS1 ! EXP]I5CE1 /RIV+S1 & ?\<TS ( ! PROLET>IAT - %\LD ALREADY HAVE BE5 DEVELOP$ /RONGLY 5\< TO =M A SOLID BASE = IT4 ,IT WAS NECESS>Y ?AT !RE ALREADY %\LD HAVE BE51 9 ! MID/ ( ! PROLET>IAT1 GR\PS OR ASSOCIATIONS ( SUFFICI5TLY ADVANC$ WORK]S :O1 SCATT]$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD1 C\LD TAKE UPON !MSELVES ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! GREAT EMANCIPATORY MOVEM5T ( ! WORK]S4 ,FOLL[+ ?AT COMES1 ( C\RSE1 ! P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE ( A FEW 9TELLIG5T 9DIVIDUALS FULLY DEVOT$ TO ! CAUSE ( ! PEOPLE4 

 ,IT IS NOT 5\< ?AT ! WORK+ MASSES COME TO REALIZE ?AT 9T]NATIONAL SOLID>ITY IS ! ONLY MEANS ( !IR EMANCIPATION2 IT ALSO IS NECESS>Y ?AT !Y HAVE FAI? 9 ! REAL EFFICACY & C]TA9TY ( ?IS MEANS ( SALVATION1 ?AT !Y HAVE FAI? 9 ! POSSIBILITY ( !IR IMP5D+ DELIV]ANCE4 ,?IS FAI? IS A MATT] ( TEMP]AM5T1 COLLECTIVE DISPOSITION1 & M5TAL /ATE4 ,TEMP]AM5T IS GIV5 TO V>I\S PEOPLES BY NATURE1 BUT IT IS SUBJECT TO HI/ORIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,! COLLECTIVE DISPOSITION ( ! PROLET>IAN IS ALWAYS A TWO-FOLD PRODUCT3 FIR/1 ( ALL PREC$+ EV5TS1 & !N1 ESPECIALLY1 ( HIS PRES5T ECONOMIC & SOCIAL SITUATION4  

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #aieb 3 ,F\ND+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#e1 #bag 3 ,F\ND+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,F\ND+ ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/