,F$]ALISM 

#aicg 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,TEXT 3 

  

,PHOTO BY ,JOHNNY1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,! ,PA/_/,PRES5T 

,! SPL5DID CULTURE :I* SPREAD FROM ,ITALY OV] MO/ ( ! CITIES ( ,EUROPE & 9 !M ALSO GAVE ! IMPULSE TO A RE%AP+ ( SOCIAL LIFE1 UNFOLD$ AT A TIME :5 ! C\NTRY WAS COMPLETELY SPLIT UP POLITICALLY & ! IDEA ( NATIONAL UNITY HAD AS YET NO P[] OV] ! M9DS ( M54 ,! :OLE C\NTRY WAS COV]$ ) A NETWORK ( SELF-CONTA9$ COMMUNITIES :I* DEF5D$ !IR LOCAL 9DEP5D5CE ) ! SAME ZEAL AS DID ! CITY-REPUBLICS ( ANCI5T ,HELLAS4 ,9 ! MUNICIPALITY >TI/S & CRAFTSM5 9 !IR BRO!RHOODS & GUILDS COOP]AT$ 9 A COMMON TASK4 ,! GUILDS W]E NOT M]ELY ! DIRECTORS & ADM9I/RATORS ( ECONOMIC LIFE1 !Y CON/ITUT$ ALSO ! SOLE BASIS = ! POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,!RE W]E NO POLITICAL P>TIES NOR PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS 9 ! MOD]N S5SE4 ,EA* GUILD ELECT$ ITS REPRES5TATIVES TO ! MUNICIPAL C\NCIL1 :]E !Y C>RI$ \T ! 9/RUCTIONS ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS & TRI$ BY CONF]5CE ) ! DELEGATES FROM O!R ORGANIZATIONS TO REA* A SETTLEM5T ( ALL IMPORTANT QUE/IONS ON ! BASIS ( FREE AGREEM5T4 ,& S9CE EV]Y GUILD FELT ITSELF CLOSELY ID5TIFI$ ) ! G5]AL 9T]E/S ( ! CITY1 ?+S W]E DECID$ BY ! VOTE ( ! CORPORATIONS REPRES5T$4 ,! SAME PROC$URE HELD 9 ! F$]ATIONS ( CITIES1 ! T9IE/ M>KET T[N HAD ! SAME RI<TS AS ! RI*E/ MUNICIPALITY1 S9CE IT HAD JO9$ ! ALLIANCE ( ITS [N FREE *OICE & HAD ! SAME 9T]E/ 9 ITS EFFICI5CY AS ALL ! O!R COMMUNITIES4 ,AT ! SAME TIME EV]Y GUILD )9 ! CITY & EV]Y CITY )9 ! F$]ATION REMA9$ AN 9DEP5D5T ORGANISM :I* HAD CONTROL ( ITS [N F9ANCES1 ITS [N C\RTS1 ITS [N ADM9I/RATION1 & C\LD MAKE & DISSOLVE TREATIES ) O!R ASSOCIATIONS ON ITS [N MOTION4 ,ONLY ! COMMON REQUIREM5TS ( ! SAME TASKS & ! SAME 9T]E/S BR\<T ! SEV]AL GUILDS & MUNICIPALITIES TOGE!R 9TO CORPORATE BODIES ( SIMIL> TYPE SO ?AT !Y MI<T C>RY \T PLANS ( WID] SCOPE4 

,! GREAT ADVANTAGE ( ?IS SY/EM LAY 9 ! FACT ?AT EA* MEMB] ( A GUILD AS WELL AS ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! GUILD 9 ! CORPORATION C\LD EASILY KEEP TRACK ( ALL ITS FUNCTION+4 ,EV]YONE WAS DEAL+ ) MATT]S :I* HE UND]/OOD EXACTLY & MAK+ DECISIONS AB\T !M - MATT]S AB\T :I* HE C\LD SPEAK AS EXP]T & CONNOISSEUR4 ,IF ONE COMP>ES ?IS 9/ITUTION ) ! LEGISLATIVE & ADM9I/RATIVE BODIES ( ! MOD]N /ATE1 ITS MORAL SUP]IORITY BECOMES 9/ANTLY APP>5T4 ,NEI!R ! VOT]1 TODAY1 NOR ! MAN :O IS SAID TO REPRES5T HIM1 IS 9 A POSITION ?AT 5ABLES HIM TO SUP]VISE 9 ANY DEGREE 7NOT TO SAY COMPLETELY7 ! MON/R\S ME*ANISM ( ! C5TRAL POLITICAL APP>ATUS4 ,EV]Y DELEGATE IS COMPELL$ ALMO/ EV]Y DAY TO DECIDE UPON QUE/IONS ( :I* HE HAS NO P]SONAL KN[L$GE & AB\T :I* HE MU/ RELY ON ! JUDGM5T ( O!RS4 ,?AT SU* A SY/EM MU/ 9EVITABLY LEAD TO ! WOR/ SORT ( MALADJU/M5T & 9JU/ICE IS 9DISPUTABLE4 ,& S9CE ! 9DIVIDUAL VOT] IS1 = ! SAME REASON1 9 NO BETT] POSITION TO KEEP TRACK ( & TO CONTROL ! ACTS ( HIS SO-CALL$ 0REPRES5TATIVES10 ! CA/E ( PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIANS1 MANY ( :OM HAVE 9 VIEW ONLY !IR [N ADVANTAGE1 IS ABLE MORE EASILY TO PR(IT BY ! CONFUSION & ! GATE IS OP5$ WIDE = EV]Y K9D ( MORAL CORRUPTION4 

,NEXT TO !SE NOTORI\S EVILS :I* >E TODAY SO UNAMBIGU\SLY & SO GL>+LY EVID5T 9 EV]Y P>LIAM5T>Y /ATE1 ! SO-CALL$ 0C5TRALIZ$ REPRES5TATION0 IS ! GREATE/ H9DRANCE TO ANY SOCIAL PROGRESS1 /&+ 9 DIRECT CONTRADICTION TO ALL PR9CIPLES ( NATURAL DEVELOPM5T4 ,EXP]I5CE TEA*ES US ?AT EV]Y SOCIAL 9NOVATION FIR/ P]MEATES ONE LITTLE CIRCLE & ONLY GRADUALLY A*IEVES G5]AL RECOGNITION4 ,= JU/ ?IS REASON F$]ALISM (F]S ! BE/ SECURITY = UNRE/RICT$ DEVELOPM5T1 S9CE IT LEAVES TO EV]Y COMMUNITY ! POSSIBILITY ( TRY+ \T )9 ITS [N CIRCLE ANY MEASURES :I* IT MAY ?9K FITT$ TO ADVANCE ! WELF>E ( ITS CITIZ5S4 ,! COMMUNITY IS1 !RE=E1 9 A POSITION TO APPLY PRACTICAL TE/S & SO TO SUBJECT IMM$IATELY TO ! PRO( ( POSITIVE EXP]I5CE ANY PROPOS$ 9NOVATIONS4 ,IT ?US EX]TS AN 5LIV5+ & /IMULAT+ 9FLU5CE UPON NEI<BOR+ COMMUNITIES1 :I* >E ?US !MSELVES PUT 9 A POSITION TO JUDGE ( ! FITNESS OR UNFITNESS ( ! 9NOVATIONS4 ,) ! C5TRAL REPRES5TATIVE BODIES ( \R TIME SU* AN $UCATION 9 SOCIAL VIEWS IS COMPLETELY EXCLUD$4 ,9 SU* A /RUCTURE1 9 ! V]Y NATURE ( ?+S1 ! MO/ BACKW>D SECTIONS ( ! C\NTRY HAVE ! /RONGE/ REPRES5TATION4 ,9/EAD ( ! MO/ ADVANC$ & 9TELLECTUALLY ACTIVE COMMUNITIES LEAD+ ! O!RS BY !IR EXAMPLE1 WE HAVE JU/ ! OPPOSITE2 ! MO/ D[NRI<T M$IOCRITY IS ALWAYS 9 ! SADDLE & EV]Y IMPULSE T[>D 9NOVATION IS NIPP$ 9 ! BUD2 ! MO/ BACKW>D & 9TELLECTUALLY SLUGGI% SECTIONS ( ! C\NTRY PUT FETT]S ON ! CULTURALLY MO/ DEVELOP$ GR\PS & CRIPPLE !IR 9ITIATIVE BY !IR OPPOSITION4 ,! BE/ ELECTORAL SY/EM CANNOT ALT] ?IS FACT2 IT (T5 S]VES ONLY TO MAKE ! SITUATION H>%] & MORE HOPELESS2 = ! REACTION>Y G]M LIES 9 ! SY/EM ( C5TRAL REPRES5TATION & IS NOT AT ALL AFFECT$ BY ! V>Y+ =MS ( ! SUFFRAGE4 

,IF ONE COMP>ES ! SUP]LATIVE CULTURE ( ! GREAT F$]ALI/IC EPO* 9 ,ITALY ) ! RUBBI%Y CULTURE ( ! UNIFI$ NATIONAL /ATE :I* HAD HOV]$ SO LONG BE=E ! EYES ( ! ,ITALIAN PATRIOTS AS ! HI<E/ GOAL ( !IR AMBITION1 ONE COMPREH5DS AT ONCE ! 5ORM\S DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS4 ,!IR CULTURAL \TCOMES W]E QUITE AS DIFF]5T AS ! 9TELLECTUAL ASSUMPTIONS UND]LY+ !IR :OLE SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 

,! ,PRES5T_/,FUTURE 

,IF TODAY !RE /ILL IS A *OICE1 IT IS NOT ?AT BETWE5 FASCISM & 0COMMUNISM10 BUT ! *OICE BETWE5 DESPOTISM & FRE$OM1 BETWE5 BRUTAL COMPULSION & FREE AGREEM5T1 BETWE5 ! EXPLOITATION ( HUMAN BE+S & COOP]ATIVE 9DU/RY = ! B5EFIT ( ALL4 

,F\RI]1 ,PR\DHON1 ,PI Y ,M>GALL .<#a.> & O!RS BELIEV$ ?AT ! N9ETE5? C5TURY W\LD BEG9 ! DISSOLUTION ( ! ,GREAT ,/ATE & PREP>E ! WAY = AN EPO* ( ,F$]ATIONS ( ,FREE ,LEAGUES & ,MUNICIPALITIES :I*1 9 !IR OP9ION1 W\LD OP5 = ! PEOPLE ( ,EUROPE A NEW P]IOD ( !IR HI/ORY4 ,!Y W]E MI/AK5 AS TO ! TIME1 BUT !IR PO9T ( VIEW IS /ILL CORRECT1 = GOV]NM5TAL C5TRALIZATION HAS ASSUM$ A SCOPE :I* MU/ FILL EV5 ! LEA/ SUSPICI\S ) SECRET DREAD ( ! FUTURE 9 ,EUROPE & 9 ! WORLD AT L>GE4 ,ONLY A F$]ALI/IC SOCIAL ORGANIZATION1 SUPPORT$ BY ! COMMON 9T]E/ ( ALL & BAS$ ON ! FREE AGREEM5T ( ALL HUMAN GR\PS1 CAN FREE US FROM ! CURSE ( ! POLITICAL MA*9E :I* FE$S ON ! SWEAT & BLOOD ( ! PEOPLE4 

,F$]ALISM IS ORGANIC COLLABORATION ( ALL SOCIAL =CES T[>DS A COMMON GOAL ON ! BASIS ( COV5ANTS FREELY >RIV$ AT4 ,F$]ALISM IS NOT DIS9TEGRATION ( CREATIVE ACTIVITY1 NOT *AOTIC RUNN+ HI!R & ?I!R2 IT IS ! UNIT$ WORK & EF=T ( ALL MEMB]S = ! FRE$OM & WELF>E ( ALL4 ,IT IS UNITY ( ACTION1 SPRUNG FROM 9N] CONVICTION1 :I* F9DS EXPRESSION 9 ! VITAL SOLID>ITY ( ALL4 ,IT IS ! VOLUNT>Y SPIRIT1 WORK+ FROM )9 \TW>D1 :I* DOES NOT EXHAU/ ITSELF 9 M9DLESS IMITATION ( PRESCRIB$ PATT]NS P]MITT+ NO P]SONAL 9ITIATIVE4 ,MONOPOLY ( P[] MU/ DISAPPE>1 TOGE!R ) MONOPOLY ( PROP]TY1 ?AT M5 MAY BE EAS$ ( ! WEI<T :I* RE/S LIKE A M\NTA9 ON !IR S\LS & CRIPPLES ! W+S ( ! SPIRIT4 

,LIB]ATION ( ECONOMICS FROM CAPITALISM6 ,LIB]ATION ( SOCIETY FROM ! /ATE6 ,UND] ?IS SIGN ! SOCIAL /RUGGLES ( ! NE> FUTURE WILL TAKE PLACE1 SMOO?+ ! WAY = A NEW ]A ( FRE$OM1 JU/ICE & SOLID>ITY4 ,EV]Y MOVEM5T :I* /RIKES CAPITALISM 9 ! CORE ( ITS BE+ & SEEKS TO FREE ECONOMICS FROM ! TYRANNY ( MONOPOLY2 EV]Y 9ITIATIVE :I* OPPOSES ! /ATE'S EFFECTIVE ACTION & AIMS AT ! ELIM9ATION ( =CE FROM ! LIFE ( SOCIETY1 IS A /EP NE>] TO FRE$OM & ! COM+ ( A NEW AGE4 ,EV]Y?+ :I* /E]S T[>DS ! OPPOSITE GOAL - UND] :ATEV] NAME - /R5G!NS CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY ! =CES ( ?AT POLITICAL1 SOCIAL & ECONOMIC REACTION :I* TODAY RAISES ITS HEAD MORE ?REAT5+LY ?AN EV] BE=E4 ,& ) ! /ATE WILL DISAPPE> ALSO ! NATION - :I* IS ONLY ! /ATE-FOLK - 9 ORD] ?AT ! CONCEPT ( HUMANITY MAY TAKE ON A NEW MEAN+4 ,?IS WILL REVEAL ITSELF 9 ITS EV]Y P>T1 & FROM IT ! RI* MANIFOLDNESS ( LIFE WILL = ! FIR/ TIME CREATE A :OLE4 

.<#a.> ,PI Y ,M>GALL 7#a#h#b#d-#a#i#a7 LIB]T>IAN F$]ALI/ FROM ,CATALONIA4 ,HE TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,SPANI% MANY ( ,PR\DHON'S WRIT+S ?AT %AP$ HIS F$]ALI/ \TLOOK ?AT HE TRI$ TO IMPLEM5T :5 HE %>$ SOME PUBLIC *>GES4 

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