,ECOLOGY & ,CLASS 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,9TRODUCTION -- ,ECOLOGICAL ,CRISIS 

  

,MANY PEOPLE >E AW>E ( ! WORLDWIDE PROBLEM ( 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTION & DE/RUCTION4 ,RA9=E/S SU* AS ,AMAZONIA >E BE+ DECIMAT$1 L>GE >EAS ( L& TURN$ 9TO DES]T4 ,DR\<TS1 FLOODS & E>?QUAKES AFFECT MILLIONS2 L>GE-SCALE POLLUTION IS CAUS+ DANG]\S CLIMATIC *ANGE4 ,ECOLOGY 7! SCI5CE ( LIV+ ?+S & H[ !Y 9T]ACT ) EA* O!R71 IS !RE=E VITAL1 LIT]ALLY A MATT] ( LIFE & DEA?4 

,9 ,AFRICA & ,ASIA1 DE=E/ATION & DES]TIFICATION RE9=CE ! EFFECTS ( GROSSLY UNFAIR L& [N]%IP1 PRODUC+ />VATION & MALNUTRITION = MILLIONS ( PEOPLE4 ,9 ,EUROPE & ,NOR? ,AM]ICA1 CANC]S FROM ! 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION CAUS$ BY MASS 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY AFFECT T5S ( ?\S&S2 ! DEA? & 9JURY TOLL FROM C>S IS HUGE & ! RESULT+ AIR POLLUTION CAUSES A WORS5+ A/HMA PROBLEM4 ,DR9K+ WAT] IS BECOM+ MORE POLLUT$ DUE TO PE/ICIDES FROM F>M+1 POLLUTION FROM 9DU/RY &1 9 ,BRITA91 WAT] SUPPLI]S MAY SOON BE COMPELL$ TO ADD ! H>MFUL *EMICAL FLUORIDE TO WAT] BECAUSE ( ITS SUPPOS$ B5EFITS TO *ILDR5'S TEE?4 ,FOOD IS G5]ALLY LAD5 ) *EMICALS 7ADDITIVES1 PE/ICIDES1 POLLUTION1 IRRADIATION 7TO PROLONG %ELF LIFE71 & IS 9CREAS+LY G5ETICALLY MODIFI$4 

,ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS NE$S TO BE P>T ( A WID] CLASS ANALYSIS4 ,= TOO MANY 5VIRONM5TALI/S H[EV]1 GRE5 ISSUES & POLITICS >E 0NEI!R LEFT NOR RI<T0 OR 0BEYOND POLITICS04 ,?IS IS DANG]\S NONS5SE4 ,IT LEADS TO FLIRTATIONS 7OR WORSE7 ) PAGANISM1 EA/]N RELIGIONS & MY/ICISM4 ,IT 5C\RAGES PEOPLE-HAT+ IDEOLOGIES4 ,LET'S NOT =GET ! NATIONALISM & RACISM ( LEAD+ ,AM]ICAN ,E>? ,FIR/6 ACTIVI/S 9 ! #a#i#hS OR L9KS TO NEO-FASCI/ IDEAS 7,DAVID ,ICKE1 = 9/ANCE1 OR ! ,?IRD ,/REAM GR\PS 9 ,BRITA9 & ELSE:]E74 ,ON ! O!R SIDE1 CLASS ANALYSIS CANNOT IGNORE ECOLOGY1 = 9/ANCE BY TREAT+ ALL TE*NOLOGY AS NEUTRAL4 ,IF IT DOES1 IT WILL BE 9CAPABLE ( CREAT+ A FUTURE SOCIETY ?AT IS FREE & EQUAL 7AN>*I/ COMMUNISM72 SU* A SOCIETY MU/ BE 9 H>MONY ) ! RE/ ( NATURE4 

,?IS PAMPHLET IS ! RESULT ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION'S COMMITM5T TO DEVELOP+ A COH]5T ECOLOGICAL ANALYSIS & PRACTICE AS A VITAL P>T ( \R POLITICS4 ,IT DOES NOT CLAIM TO BE ! LA/ WORD1 M]ELY ! />T ( ! PROCESS4 ,ECOLOGY IS AN IMPORTANT /R& 9 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM ?R\< PEOPLE :O W]E BO? !ORI/S & ACTIVI/S1 SU* AS ,KROPOTK91 ,MUM=D1 &1 9 ! PRES5T DAY1 ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9'S DESCRIPTION ( ECOLOGIES ( FRE$OM4 

,P,>,T ,O,N,E3 ,! ,ECOLOGICAL ,CRISIS ,WE ,FACE 

  
,WAT] 

  

,WAT] IS ESS5TIAL = ALL LIFE ON ,E>?4 ,BUT ONE-?IRD ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO A SUPPLY ( SAFE DR9K+ WAT] 7A SITUATION ?AT IS WORS5+74 ,A ?IRD ( ALL DEA?S 9 ! WORLD >E ! RESULTS ( WAT]-BORNE DISEASES4 ,WAT] IS A LIMIT$ BUT 5DLESSLY R5EW$ RES\RCE2 ITS POLLUTION1 MISMANAGEM5T & OV]USE BY CORPORATIONS1 GOV]NM5TS & PEOPLE 7TURN$ 9TO 'CONSUM]S' 9 A WORLD ?AT IS NOT ( !IR MAK+7 ?REAT5 TO TURN A GLOBAL CRISIS 9TO A LONG-T]M PLANET>Y DISA/]4 ,! ,VICE-,PRESID5T ( ! ,WORLD ,BANK1 ,ISMAIL ,S]EGELD91 /AT$ 9 #aiie ?AT 0! W>S ( ! NEXT C5TURY WILL BE OV] WAT]444 BY ! YE> #b#b#e1 ! AM\NT ( WAT] AVAILABLE TO EA* P]SON 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,EA/ & ,NOR? ,AFRICA WILL HAVE DROPP$ BY #h.0 9 A S+LE LIFETIME04 

,DISPUTES & ,W>S 

  

#d.0 ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION DEP5D ON WAT] FROM A NEI<BOR+ C\NTRY4 ,OV] #b L>GE RIV]S >E %>$ BY TWO OR MORE C\NTRIES4 ,9 MOD]N TIMES ! EXI/5CE ( VA/ CITIES1 IRRIGAT$ AGRICULTURE & ! DEM& = HYDRO-ELECTRIC P[] HAVE L$ C\NTRIES TO CLAIM OR /EAL WAT] RES\RCES ONCE US$ BY O!RS4 ,! CUTT+ UP ( RIV] SY/EMS BY /ATE B\ND>IES HAS AGGRAVAT$ ! PROBLEMS ( RESPOND+ TO FLOODS4 ,! POLITICAL & 5G9E]+ /RUCTURES ?AT BR+ ECONOMIC P[] & POLITICAL CONTROL TO NATIONAL & 9T]NATIONAL ELITES ALSO ?REAT5 LIVES & LIVELIHOODS4 ,ONE REASON = ,TURKEY'S REFUSAL TO GRANT AUTONOMY TO ! ,KURDS IS ! IMPORTANCE ( WAT] RES\RCES 9 EA/]N ,TURKEY4 ,ATTEMPTS TO DIV]T ! S\RCES ( ! ,RIV] ,JORDAN 9 ,S\? ,LEBANON & ! ,GOLAN ,HEI<TS PROVOK$ ! ,ISRAELI-,>AB ,W> ( #a#i#f#g4 ,FOLL[+ ?IS1 ,ISRAEL BEGAN TO APPROPRIATE WAT] SUPPLIES TO SUPPORT NEW SETTLEM5TS & SUPPLY T[NS & 9DU/RY 9 ,ISRAEL PROP]3 ,ISRAEL ANNUALLY PUMPS #f MILLION CUBIC MET]S ( WAT] 7OV] #c.0 ( ITS SUPPLY7 FROM AQUIF]S ?AT LIE :OLLY OR P>TLY UND] ! ,WE/ ,BANK4 #aae MILLION CUBIC MET]S >E ALLOCAT$ TO ! #a4#dM ,WE/ ,BANK ,PALE/9IANS & #cM TO #a#c1 ,JEWI% SETTL]S2 ! RE/ 7#d#e#e MILLION CUBIC MET]S7 GOES TO ,ISRAEL4 ,WE/ ,BANK ,PALE/9IANS HAVE BE5 B>R$ FROM DIGG+ NEW WELLS OR R5OVAT+ OLD ONES S9CE #a#i#f#g4 ,EGYPT (F]$ ,ISRAEL #dM CUBIC MET]S ( FRE% WAT] A YE> TO SETTLE ITS CONFLICT & ASSI/ ! ,PALE/9IANS2 BUT !RE IS /ILL NO AGREEM5T OV] WAT] = ! ,WE/ ,BANK4 ,!RE IS A CONT9U\S ?REAT ( WAT] W>S 9 ,S\? ,ASIA BETWE5 ,9DIA1 ,BANGLADE%1 ,NEPAL & ,BHUTAN4 ,L>GE-SCALE DE=E/ATION UP/REAM RESULTS 9 9CREAS+LY WIDESPREAD FLOOD DISA/]S BEL[4 ,PUNJAB WAT] WAS AN IMPORTANT CONTRIBUTORY FACTOR TO ! #aife ,9DO-,PAKI/AN W>4 ,H9DU NATIONALISM HAS BE5 FUEL$ BY ! UNFAIR DI/RIBUTION ( ,9DIA'S WAT] TO ! ,SIKH ,PUNJAB & L$ TO ! /ORM+ ( ! ,SIKH ,GOLD5 ,TEMPLE 9 ,AMRITS> 9 #a#i#h#d4 

,MOD]N W>S DEP5D ON ! DE/RUCTION ( ! CIVILIAN POPULATION'S MEANS ( LIFE & LIVELIHOOD4 ,9 #aiia 9 ,IRAQ1 = EXAMPLE1 ! DELIB]ATE DE/RUCTION ( P[] SUPPLIES BY BOMB+ & W> CREAT$ A HUGE HEAL? PROBLEM4 ,OV] #i.0 ( SEWAGE TREATM5T PLANTS W]E DISABL$ ) HUGE AM\NTS ( UNTREAT$ DOME/IC & 9DU/RIAL SEWAGE BE+ PUMP$ 9TO RIV]S1 CREAT+ AN 9CREASE 9 WAT]-BORNE DISEASES4 ,AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION WAS SLA%$ BY ! BREAKD[N ( ! ELECTRICALLY P[]$ IRRIGATION NETWORK4 ,BE=E ! ,GULF ,W> ,IRAQ PRODUC$ #c.0 ( ITS FOOD4 ,PRIOR TO ! ,U,S-,U,K ASSAULT ON ,IRAQ 9 #b#c1 ! FIGURE WAS #a-#a#e.04 

,:AT ,WAS ,\RS ,IS ,N[ ,!IRS 

  

  

,! HUGE 9CREASE 9 ! URBAN POPULATION ( #a#i? ,C5TURY ,BRITA9 WAS ACCOMPANI$ BY DYS5T]Y1 TYPHOID & *OL]A4 

,! POOR W]E BLAM$ = *OL]A \TBREAKS1 ! RESULT ( !IR 'IGNORANCE'1 LACK ( HYGI5E & G5]AL MORAL DEPRAVITY4 ,! PREVAIL+ OR?ODOXY WAS ?AT LAISSEZ-FAIRE CAPITALISM & ! MANAGEM5T ( WAT] PROP]TY = PR(IT W\LD PROVIDE SOLUTIONS4 ,IT DIDN'T1 & BO? MUNICIPAL & /ATE SOLUTIONS - PUBLIC [N]%IP & MANAGEM5T ( WAT] RES\RCES - W]E NE$$ TO SOLVE ! PROBLEM4 ,EV5TUALLY IT WAS RECOGNIZ$ ?AT EASY ACCESS TO A CLEAN WAT] SUPPLY WAS A BASIC HUMAN NE$1 VIA ! ,PUBLIC ,HEAL? ,ACTS4 ,BUT ) ! REEM]G5CE ( NEO-LIB]AL & NEO-CONS]VATIVE IDEAS AB\T ! ROLE ( ! /ATE & ! IMPORTANCE ( M>KET SOLUTIONS TO SOCIAL PROBLEMS1 ALL ?IS IS *ANG+4 

,BRITA9 IS WAT] RI*1 ) ADEQUATE RA9FALL & ONLY OCCASIONAL WAT] %ORTAGES4 ,UNTIL REC5TLY1 WAT] WAS G5]ALLY SE5 AS A COMMON GOOD & WAT] PLANN]S SAW ANY =M ( SUPPLY RE/RICTION1 EV5 A HOSEPIPE BAN1 AS AN ADMISSION ( FAILURE4 ,REGIONAL WAT] AU?ORITIES POOL$ ACCESS TO WAT] RES\RCES & MADE LONG T]M PLANS = A ,LONDON R+ MA91 RE*>G+ AQUIF]S FROM W9T] RIV] WAT]4 ,PEOPLE & ORGANIZATIONS COOP]AT$ TO MANAGE WAT] RES\RCES RELATIVELY EFFECTIVELY & TO SAVE WAT] :5 IT WAS NE$$1 SU* AS DUR+ ! DR\<T ( #a#i#g#e_/#g#f4 ,H[EV]1 WAT] WAS PRIVATIZ$ BY ! ,TORIES 9 #a#i#h#i1 DESPITE DEFEAT 9 ,! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS & ! ?REAT ( PROSECUTION BY ! ,E,U ON WAT] QUALITY /&>DS1 ATTACKS BY 5VIRONM5TAL GR\PS OV] /&>DS & QUE/IONS AB\T ! FATE ( WAT] AU?ORITIES' HUGE L& HOLD+S4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! AV]AGE H\SEHOLD EXP]I5C$ AN 9CREASE 9 WAT] CO/S ( #f#g.0 BETWE5 #aihi & #a#i#i#e4 ,COMPANY PR(ITS ROSE BY AN AV]AGE ( #b.0 TO #aiic & >E /ILL HI<4 ,! HI<E/ *>G+ >EA ( ,BRITA91 ,S\? ,WE/ ,WAT]1 TOOK #d4#i.0 ( 9COME FROM A H\SEHOLD ( #b ADULTS & #b *ILDR51 #g4#f.0 FROM A LONE P>5T & *ILD & #i4#a.0 FROM S+LE P5SION]S 9 #a#i#i#d4 ,! PR(ITS ( ! WAT] SUPPLY COMPANIES >E BE+ SUBSIDIZ$ BY ! POORE/ PEOPLE 9 ,BRITA91 ?OSE LEA/ ABLE TO PAY4 ,?\S&S ( H\SEHOLDS N[ REGUL>LY HAVE !IR WAT] SUPPLY CUT (F4 ,9 ! ,S&WELL ,HEAL? ,AU?ORITY >EA 79 ! ,WE/ ,MIDL&S71 OV] #a1#d H\SEHOLDS W]E CUT (F 9 #a#i#i#a_/#b & CASES ( HEPATITIS & DYS5T]Y ROSE T5FOLD4 ,9 #aiid #bM H\SEHOLDS FELL 9TO WAT] >RE>S1 ) #a#b1#e DISCONNECT$4 ,HALF ( ! WAT] COMPANIES 9 ,5GL& & ,WALES HAVE SELECTIVELY 9TRODUC$ OR >E TE/+ PRE-PAYM5T MET]S4 ,! 9CREAS$ USE ( MET]+1 MO/ (T5 9 POOR] H\SEHOLDS1 HAS EI!R 9CREAS$ WAT] BILLS OR RESULT$ 9 =C$ CUTS 9 WAT] USE BY ?OSE :O NE$ IT MO/4 ,NON-PAY]S >E AUTOMATICALLY CUT (F & ! SUPPLY IS NOT RE/OR$ UNTIL ! DEBT IS PAID4 #a1 MET]S HAVE BE5 9/ALL$ 9 ,BIRM+HAM S9CE #a#i#i#b2 !RE HAVE BE5 OV] #b1 DISCONNECTIONS4 ,! WAT] COMPANIES HAVE RESPOND$ TO 9CREAS+ CRITICISM ( !IR DISCONNECTION POLICIES BY DEVOT+ A T9Y PROPORTION ( !IR PR(ITS TO *>ITABLE TRU/S ?AT HELP ! POORE/ CU/OM]S4 ,?IS IS PURE ,P,R & GIVES ! CORPORATIONS TAX ADVANTAGES4 ,9 ! #a#i#hS & 9 #a#i#i#d-#i#f1 COMMUNITY CAMPAIGNS DEFEAT$ ATTEMPTS TO 9TRODUCE WAT] TAXES 9 ,DUBL92 SEE ,ISSUE #c ( ',R$ & ,BLACK ,REVOLUTION' = AN EXCELL5T ANALYSIS4 

,5C\RAG$ BY A SURGE ( PROSP]ITY 9 ! #a#i#fS1 ! ,SPANI% HAVE IGNOR$ ! FACT ?AT !Y LIVE 9 A SEMI->ID C\NTRY PRONE TO P]IODIC1 L5G?Y DR\<TS4 ,GOLF C\RSES HAVE BE5 BUILT = T\RI/S1 SWIMM+ POOLS = !MSELVES & !RE >E MANY LAWNS & G>D5S REQUIR+ DAILY WAT]+4 ,F>M]S HAVE DIV]SIFI$ FROM !IR TRADITIONAL DR\<T RESI/ANT PRODUCE SU* AS FIGS & OLIVES 9TO WAT]-HUNGRY CROPS LIKE RICE & /RAWB]RIES4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT ,SPA9 IS N[ ! WORLD'S #d? HI<E/ P] CAPITA CONSUM] ( WAT] AFT] ! ,U,S1 ,CANADA & ,RUSSIA4 ,N[ IT HAS TO BUILD HUGE DAMS & PAY ! CO/ TO DIV]T RIV]S TO OV]-DEVELOP$ >EAS1 AMID GR[+ 5VIRONM5TAL & COMMUNITY OPPOSITION4 ,O!R FACTORS 7:I* APPLY ELSE:]E7 >E LAWS GIV+ PRODUC]S ! RI<T TO SQU&] RES\RCES SO LONG AS !RE IS A CONSUM] DEM& TO BE SATISFI$2 & ! ROLE ( ! C5TRALIZ$ ,/ATE 7L>GELY CONTROLL$ BY BUS9ESS 9FLU5CES71 ) ITS CONTROL ( REV5UE1 COMM& ( RES\RCES1 EXP]TIZE & P[] TO 5=CE POLICY ON CITIZ5S1 9 >BITRAT+ ! MANAGEM5T ( RES\RCES4 

,WAT] - ,A ,NEW ,COLONIALISM 

  

,ABROAD1 ,BRITI% WAT] COMPANIES >E HUNT+ = CONTRACTS = WAT] SUPPLY & SEWAGE DISPOSAL4 ,A ,?AMES ,WAT] SPOKESP]SON SAID1 0,WE >E BE+ TOO S(T1 & ?AT IS :Y \R DISCONNECTION LEVELS WILL RISE0 7,GU>DIAN1 #a#i#i#b74 ,! COMPANY WAS !N P>T ( A CONSORTIUM RE-ORGANIZ+ ! WAT] SUPPLY ( ,EA/ ,B]L94 ,BO? ! ,SUFFOLK & ,ESSEX WAT] COMPANIES >E [N$ BY ! ,FR5* ,LYONNAISE DES ,EAUX 1:I* ALONG ) ! L>G] ,COMPAGNIE ,G5]ALE DES ,EAUX1 >E ! WORLD'S L>GE/ WAT] DI/RIBUTORS4 ,9 #aiid ,?AMES ANN\NC$ ?AT IT WAS TEAM+ UP ) ,C,G,E TO BID TO MA9TA9 & EXP& ! WAT] & SEWAGE SY/EM ( ,LIMA4 ,H]E ! POOR CAN'T HAVE MA9S WAT]1 !Y MU/ BUY IT BY ! DRUM4 ,BUT ! RI* BRIBE ! DRIV]S ( ! TANK]S S]VIC+ ! SLUMS TO DIV]T ! WAT] TO !M SO !Y CAN WA% !IR C>S4 ,9 #aiic ,ANGLIAN ,WAT] WAS P>T ( A CONSORTIUM L$ BY ,LYONNAISE TO MOD]NIZE & RUN ! WAT] & SEWAGE OP]ATIONS ( ,BU5OS ,AIRES4 ,! *IEF EXECUTIVE ( ,?AMES ,WAT] EXPLA9$ ITS 9VOLVEM5T 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA3 0,! AIM REMA9S TO EXP& NON-UTILITY BUS9ESSES TO PROVIDE AN E>N+S /REAM FREE ( REGULATORY CONTROL04 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA HAS A LONG TRADITION ( 'CLI5T-POPULI/' POLITICS RESULT+ 9 ! AFFLU5T >EAS ( CITIES HAV+ A HEAVILY SUBSIDIZ$ & REGUL>LY MA9TA9$ WAT] SUPPLY4 ,9 MO/ CITIES ! POOR DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO PIP$ POTABLE WAT]1 MAK+ !M EASY VICTIMS ( ! PRIVATE WAT] SELL]S2 9 ,GUAYAQUIL = EXAMPLE1 #d TANK]S S]VICE #f1 PEOPLE 7#c#e.0 ( ! TOTAL URBAN POPULATION74 ,WAT] CU/OM]S :O CAN AF=D L>GE VOLUMES GET IT AT A HEAVILY SUBSIDIZ$ PRICE FROM ! PUBLIC WAT] UTILITIES4 ,PR(ITE]S !N SELL IT ON TO PEOPLE LIV+ 9 ! SLUMS & *ANTIES AT #d TIMES :AT !Y PAID4 ,! CITIES HAVE PL5TY ( WAT] BUT APPALL+ HYGI5E & SANITATION PROBLEMS3 AV]AGE PRODUCTION & SUPPLY CAPACITY W\LD ALL[ EA* 9HABITANT #bb LIT]S A DAY2 CURR5T CONSUMPTION IS AN AV]AGE ( #cg LIT]S 9 AFFLU5T >EAS BUT LESS ?AN #be LIT]S = ! POORE/4 ,CONTEMPOR>Y WAT] IMP]IALISM IS ! RESULT ( ! REQUIREM5TS ( 9T]NATIONAL WAT] AG5CIES ?AT 9SI/ ON 9T]NATIONAL T5D]4 ,BILAT]AL LOANS >E USUALLY SUBJECT TO BUY+ EQUIPM5T & US+ 5G9E]+ S]VICES FROM ! L5D+ C\NTRY4 ,!SE >RANGEM5TS PRIVILEGE 9FRA/RUCTURE 9VE/M5T OV] 9/ITUTIONAL OR ORGANIZATIONAL IMPROVEM5TS & MA9T5ANCE PROJECTS4 

,:]E ,WAT] ,DOES ,NOT ,FL[ 

  

,ALL OV] ! WORLD IRRIGATION 7ESPECIALLY = CA% CROPS7 HAS REA*$ ! PO9T ( DIM9I%+ RETURNS1 :]E M9]AL SALTS 9CREASE ! SAL9ITY ( WAT] & DECREASE \TPUT3 9 #aii #c- #d.0 ( ! WORLD'S IRRIGAT$ CROPL& WAS E/IMAT$ TO BE WAT]LOGG$ OR SUFF]+ FROM EXCESSIVE SAL9IZATION4 #f#c.0 ( WAT] US$ 9 #aiia WAS = IRRIGATION1 A FIGURE PROJECT$ TO DECL9E TO #e#e.0 BY #b4 ,IT IS N[ G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$ ?AT IRRIGATION PROJECTS >E MO/ LIKELY TO SUCCE$ :5 FALL[ P]IODS >E OBS]V$ & :5 MANAG$ BY LOCAL COMMUNITIES4 ,! RELIANCE ON L>GE-SCALE IRRIGATION HAS SPREAD FROM LUXURY EXPORT CROPS 9 DRY CLIMATES TO ! PRODUCTION ( ORD9>Y CROPS = SUP]M>KETS ?AT ACC\NT = MO/ ( ,BRITI% RETAIL TRADE4 ,BIG F>M]S >E 5C\RAG$ BY ! ,NATIONAL ,RIV]S ,AU?ORITY 7,N,R,A7 & ! ,M9I/RY ( ,AGRICULTURE TO BUILD !IR [N RES]VOIRS & >E LIC5S$ TO TAKE WAT] FROM RIV]S1 DESPITE ! IMPACTS ON O!R US]S4 

,BECAUSE IT IS FIX$ & /ABLE1 L& CAN BE DIVID$ BY H$GES OR WALLS & TURN$ 9TO PRIVATE PROP]TY1 P]SONAL WEAL? & 9H]ITANCE4 ,BUT WAT] %\LD BE A COMMUNAL ASSET1 BECAUSE IT WILL NOT /AY /ILL4 ,= ?\S&S ( YE>S LEGAL & 9=MAL SY/EMS HAVE ACCEPT$ & 9SI/$ ?AT !RE CAN BE NO [N]%IP ( RUNN+ WAT]4 ,!RE IS A LONG HI/ORY ( HUMAN SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE DEVELOP$ ELABORATE SY/EMS TO 5SURE FAIR ACCESS = ALL TO WAT]3 ! WAT] COMMUNITIES ON ! ,G5IL1 ,SEGURA & ,EBRO RIV]S >E EXAMPLES ( SOLID>ITY & SOCIAL COOP]ATION CREAT$ BY ! ,SPANI% ON ! F\NDATIONS LAID BY ! ,PHO5ICIANS1 ! ,ROMAN ,EMPIRE & ! ,MOORS4 ,! MOD]N TE*NOLOGY ( PIPES1 PUMPS & MOTIVE P[] MAKES SU* S*EMES EASI]4 ,= IRRIGATION1 LOCAL CONTROL ( WAT] IS ALL-IMPORTANT & CAN BE A*IEV$ 9 MANY WAYS4 ,9 A C5TURIES OLD SY/EM 9 ,BALI1 ALL F>M]S TAK+ WAT] FROM ! SAME /REAM OR RIV] >E MEMB]S ( A SEBAK ORGANIZATION1 MEET+ EV]Y #ce DAYS1 ) ITS [N SY/EMS ( LAW4 ,IT PLANS PLANT+ DAYS1 DI/RIBUTES WAT] EQUITABLY & F9ES *EATS4 ,9 ! SMALLSCALE IRRIGATION SY/EMS ( EA/]N ,SPA9 UND] ! ,MOORS1 WAT] BELONG$ TO ! COMMUNITY & WAS SOLD ) ! L&4 ,CONT9UAL DISPUTES AB\T ITS USE 9 TIMES ( SC>CITY W]E REGULAT$ BY A COMMUNAL ORGANIZATION1 ! HU]TA 9 PLACES SU* AS ,>AGON4 ,H]E WAT] BELONGS TO F>M]S & GR[]S ?R\< :OSE L& IT PASSES1 EA* WAT] US] BELONGS TO A COMUNIDAD DE REGANTES 7ASSOCIATION7 ?AT ELECTS A S9DICO1 ! COMB9ATION ( S9DICOS FROM EA* ZONE CON/ITUTES ! ,WAT] ,TRIBUNAL4 ,!SE MEET TO JUDGE RATIONS DUR+ SC>CITY2 NO LAWY]S OR /ATE LAWS >E 9VOLV$1 F9ES >E SOMETIMES IMPOS$ & ALWAYS PAID4 

,MEGA ,S*EMES 

  

  

,HUGE HYDRAULIC S*EMES >E MADE POSSIBLE BY ADVANC$ MOD]N CIVIL 5G9E]+ TE*NIQUES4 ,!Y REQUIRE VA/ 9T]NATIONAL CONTRACTS ?AT >E ONLY POSSIBLE AT ! LEVEL ( C5TRAL GOV]NM5TS1 9T]NATIONAL FREE FLOAT+ CAPITAL & SUPRANATIONAL GOV]NM5T ORGANIZATIONS4 ,! F9ANCI]S BORR[ MONEY & L5D IT AT COMM]CIAL RATES1 SO !Y FAVOR L>GESCALE 5G9E]+ PROJECTS ?AT PROMISE 9CREAS+ PRODUCTION = EXPORT M>KETS AT ! EXP5SE ( LOCAL SUBSI/5CE ECONOMIES1 ) DISA/R\S SOCIAL & 5VIRONM5TAL EFFECTS4 ,CA% CROPS DE/ROY SETTL$ COMMUNITIES & CAUSE POLLUTION ( SOIL & WAT]4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,E?IOPIA'S ,?IRD ,FIVE-,YE> ,PLAN BR\<T #f.0 ( CULTIVAT$ L& 9 ! F]TILE ,AWA% ,VALLEY UND] COTTON1 EVICT+ ,AF> PA/ORALI/S ONTO FRAGILE UPL&S :I* ACCEL]AT$ DE=E/ATION & CONTRIBUT$ TO ! C\NTRY'S ECOLOGICAL CRISIS & FAM9E4 ,!RE'S A VICI\S CIRCLE AT WORK4 ,DEVELOPM5T NE$S MONEY4 ,LOANS CAN ONLY BE REPAID ?R\< CA% CROPS ?AT E>N =EIGN CURR5CY4 ,!SE NE$ LOTS MORE WAT] ?AN SUBSI/5CE F>M+4 ,L>GE HYDRAULIC S*EMES TO PROVIDE ?IS WAT] >E DEVELOPM5T4 ,DEVELOPM5T NE$S MONEY4 ,& SO IT GOES4 

,L>GE-SCALE PROJECTS EV]Y:]E >E ! CONSEQU5CE & JU/IFICATION = AU?ORIT>IAN GOV]NM5T3 ONE ( ,AM]ICA'S GREAT DAM-BUILD+ ORGANIZATIONS IS ! ,U,S ,>MY ,CORPS ( ,5G9E]+4 ,/AL9'S SECRET POLICE SUP]VIS$ ! CON/RUCTION ( DAMS & CANALS4 ,SOLDI]S SU* AS ,NASS] ( ,EGYPT & ,GADAFI ( ,LIBYA & MILIT>Y REGIMES 9 ,S\? ,AM]ICA HAVE BE5 PROM95T 9 PROMOT+ SU* PROJECTS4 ,NASS] BUILT ! ,ANW> ,HI< DAM 9 #a#i#g#a4 ,! LONG-T]M CONSEQU5CES HAVE BE5 TO /OP ! ANNUAL FL[ ( SILT ONTO DELTA L&1 REQUIR+ A GR[+ USE ( EXP5SIVE *EMICAL F]TILIZ]S1 & 9CREAS$ VULN]ABILITY TO ]OSION FROM ! ,M$IT]RANEAN4 ,=M]LY ! ANNUAL FLOOD+ WA%$ AWAY ! BUILDUP ( NATURAL SALTS2 N[ !Y 9CREASE ! SALT CONT5T ( IRRIGAT$ L&4 ,! BUILDUP ( SILT BEH9D ! DAM IS R$UC+ ITS ELECTRICITY G5]AT+ CAPACITY2 ! LAKE IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE = ! DRAMATIC 9CREASE 9 WAT]-BORNE DISEASES4 ,NATIONALISM LEADS TO HYDRAULIC PROJECTS )\T ?\<T TO :AT HAPP5S D[N/REAM 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 ,! #aiib FLOODS ( ! ,GANGA-,BRAHMAPUTRA-,B>AK SY/EM KILL$ #a1 PEOPLE4 #eM PEOPLE LIVE 9 ! REGION1 NE>LY #a.0 ( ! WORLD'S POPULATION1 & !Y >E CON/ANTLY AT RISK FROM WAT] EXPLOITATION & MISMANAGEM5T4 ,TE*NOLOGICAL IMP]IALISM HAS REPLAC$ ! EMPIRE BUILD+ ( ! PA/3 L>GE-SCALE HYDRO PROJECTS >E EXPORT$ TO C\NTRIES DESPITE MANY 9T]-RELAT$ PROBLEMS - DE=E/ATION1 9T5SIVE L& USE & DISPUTES & SO ON4 ,L>GE-SCALE WAT] 5G9E]+ PROJECTS FOM5T 9T]NATIONAL DISPUTES & HAVE BECOME ECONOMIC B>GA9+ C\NT]S1 = EXAMPLE ! ,P]GAU DAM 9 ,MALAYSIA4 ,! ,BRITI% ,GOV]NM5T AGRE$ TO SP5D ,G,B,P#b#c#dM ON IT 9 #aihi 9 EX*ANGE = A ,G,B,P#a4#cBN >MS DEAL4 ,9 #aiid ! ,HI< ,C\RT RUL$ ?AT ! AID DECISION WAS UNLAWFUL BUT !SE K9DS ( CORRUPT DEALS CONT9UE4 

,9 ,SRI ,LANKA ! DISRUPTION CAUS$ BY ! ,MAHAWELLI DAMS & PLANTATION PROJECTS RESULT$ 9 ! =CIBLE EVICTION ( #a MILLION PEOPLE & HELP$ MA9TA9 ! 9SURG5CY ( ! ,TAMIL ,TIG]S ?AT RESULT$ 9 ?\S&S ( DEA?S AS !Y F\<T GOV]NM5T =CES FROM ! LATE #a#i#hS ONW>DS4 ,9 #aiic ! ,M>% ,>ABS ( S\!RN ,IRAQ W]E ?REAT5$ BY ,SADDAM ,HUSSE9'S PLANS TO DRA9 ! >EA - ! MO/ HEAVILY POPULAT$ P>T ( ! REGION4 ,MANY ( ! #a1 9HABITANTS FL$ AFT] BE+ W>N$ ?AT ANY OPPOSITION RISK$ DEA?4 ,SEL9C\RT E/IMAT$ ?AT #c MILLION PEOPLE W\LD LOSE !IR HOMES1 LIVELIHOODS1 L& & CULTURAL ID5TITY BY GIANT DAM PROJECTS 9 ! #a#i#iS4 ,! ,K$UNG ,OMBO DAM 7,9DONESIA7 DISPLAC$ #b#e12 ! ,AKASOMBO DAM 7,<ANA7 #h12 ,CABORRA ,BASSA 7,S\? ,AFRICA7 #b#e14 ,?REE DAMS 9 ,LAOS ALONE WILL HAVE DISPLAC$ #a#d#b1 PEOPLE4 ,! PROPOS$ ,XIAO ,LANGDI DAM 9 ,*9A W\LD DISPLACE #a#d12 ! ,?REE ,GORGES PROJECT #a4#a MILLION PEOPLE4 ,ONLY W> 9FLICTS A SIMIL> LEVEL ( HUMAN & 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION1 YET L>GE DAM PROJECTS HAVE A *RONIC RECORD 9 DELIV]+ WAT] & P[]1 OR ELIM9AT+ FLOOD+ 9 D[N/REAM VALLEYS4 

,SAFE ,WAT] 

  

,9 ! MOD]N WORLD IT IS POSSIBLE = PEOPLE TO HAVE ACCESS TO C>S1 RADIO & TELEVISION1 BUT NOT 7APP>5TLY7 TO A SAFE WAT] SUPPLY - = EXAMPLE1 ,BANGALORE IS ! HOME ( ,9DIA'S COMPUT] S(TW>E 9DU/RY BUT /ILL HAS APPALL+ SANITATION & WAT] SUPPLY4 ,!RE >E #d CATEGORIES ( WAT]-RELAT$ DISEASES3 WAT]-BORNE SU* AS TYPHOID & *OL]A2 WAT]WA%$1 :]E LACK ( WA%+ AFFECTS SK9 OR EYES 7= EXAMPLE SCABIES OR TRA*OMA72 WAT]-BAS$1 VIA P>ASITIC WORMS2 & WAT]-RELAT$ 9SECT VECTORS E4G4 MAL>IA & YELL[ FEV]4 ,!RE IS A P[]FUL ECONOMIC >GUM5T = M9IMAL PUBLIC PROVISION TO C\NT] !SE DISEASES4 ,PUBLIC /&PIPES W\LD PROVIDE FREE_/*EAP WAT] TO ! POOR2 ?IS W\LD 9CREASE ECONOMIC EFFICI5CY BY R$UC+ ! TIME SP5T 9 COLLECT+ WAT] 7& ! CONSEQU5T ILL HEAL? & 9JURY7 & HEAL? LOSSES CAUS$ BY POLLUT$ WAT]4 ,BUT RATIONAL PLANN+ & USE (T5 CUTS ACROSS PR(IT MAK+1 H5CE CAPITALISM'S HATR$ ( PUBLIC PROVISION4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! POSITION ( ! URBAN POOR HAS WORS5$3 A ,U,N SURVEY ( #eh 'DEVELOP+' C\NTRIES 9 #aihf F\ND ?AT 9 #bf A L[] PROPORTION ( ! POPULATION HAD ACCESS TO CLEAN WAT] 9 #aih ?AN 9 #a#i#g4 ,! ,WORLD ,HEAL? ,ORGANIZATION E/IMAT$ 9 #aihe ?AT #b#e.0 ( ! ,?IRD ,WORLD'S URBAN POPULATION LACK$ ACCESS TO SAFE WAT]1 #a MILLION MORE ?AN 9 #a#i#g#e2 ! FIGURES >E LIKELY TO BE A GROSS UND]E/IMATE4 

,DIRTY ,WAT] 

  

,BRITA9 PUMPS OV] #c MILLION GALLONS ( SEWAGE 9TO ! SEA EV]Y DAY & WAT] COMPANIES SP5D MILLIONS ( P\NDS ON PURIFY+ WAT]1 #c#b.0 ( :I* IS !N US$ TO FLU% TOILETS4 ,WAT] SUPPLI]S >E UNWILL+ TO PAY = PIPES TO SEP>ATE HI< QUALITY WAT] US$ = WA%+ & COOK+ FROM LESS TREAT$ WAT] = O!R USES1 MEAN+ ?AT CO/S REMA9 HI< & RECYCL+ & RE-USE REMA9 L[4 ,9L& CITIES1 DUE TO ! ?REAT ( EPIDEMIC DISEASE1 DEVELOP$ ELABORATE SY/EMS ( SEWAGE PROCESS+ & S\<T TO L9K EV]Y H\SEHOLD ) ! SEWAGE SY/EM4 ,COA/AL & E/U>Y T[NS FREQU5TLY DIS*>GE UNTREAT$ SEWAGE 9TO COA/AL WAT] AS ! *EAPE/ SOLUTION1 ASSUM+ ?AT ! SEA IS BIG 5\< TO ABSORB & DILUTE ! FECES1 9DU/RIAL WA/ES & NUCLE> 9DU/RY EFFLU5T4 ,S9CE #a#i#i1 ! ACTIVI/ GR\P ,SURF]S ,AGA9/ ,SEWAGE HAVE BE5 DEMON/RAT+ TO OPPOSE & PUBLICIZE ?IS 5VIRONM5TAL V&ALISM4 ,9 #aiie AN ,N,R,A REPORT F\ND ?AT SP5D+ ,G,B,P#c P] FAMILY = A NEW L[] FLU% TOILET C\LD CUT DEM& BY #a#c.04 ,A #aig GOV]NM5T REPORT F\ND ?AT 9 SOME >EAS PROCESS$ SEWAGE SLUDGE W\LD BE TOO CONTAM9AT$ BY TOXIC METALS TO BE US$ AS AGRICULTURAL F]TILIZ]4 ,BRITI% GOV]NM5TS UND]TAKE TO CON=M TO ,E,U WAT] /&>DS1 BUT 9 PRACTICE DO !IR LEVEL BE/ TO AVOID !M4 ,= 9/ANCE1 9 ! #a#i#iS /&>DS ON ! ACCEPTABLE QUALITY ( BEA*ES W]E CIRCUMV5T$ BY ! ,TORY ,GOV]NM5T'S 7RE-7 DEF9ITION ( BEA*ES AS PLACES :]E #e BA!RS W]E 9 ! WAT] AT ANY ONE TIME2 ?IS DEF9ITION EXCLUD$ ALL ,WEL% BEA*ES AS WELL AS ,BLACKPOOL4 ,! ,E,U /&>D = DIS*>GES 9TO RIV]S CONTA9$ AN EXCEPTION = 'HI< NATURAL DISP]SION >EAS' :]E ! SEA W\LD QUICKLY C>RY WA/E AWAY4 ,?IS L$ ! #aiid ,5VIRONM5T ,SECRET>Y1 ,JOHN ,GUMM]1 TO DECL>E ?AT MORE ?AN #c MILES 7#d#hKM7 ( ! ,RIV] ,HUMB] WAS OP5 SEA SO ?AT IT C\LD CONT9UE TO RECEIVE RAW SEWAGE FROM ,HULL4 ,! RUL+ SAV$ ! PRIVATIZ$ ,YORK%IRE ,WAT] ,COMPANY ,G,B,P#aM4 ,HE MADE A SIMIL> RUL+ = ,BRI/OL ON ! ,RIV] ,SEV]N1 AL?\< ! ,HI< ,C\RT RUL$ 9 #aiif ?AT BO? DECISIONS W]E UNLAWFUL4 

,GLOBAL ,W>M+ @& ,CLIMATE ,*ANGE 

  

,S9CE ! #a#i#gS !RE HAS BE5 A /EADY 9CREASE 9 GLOBAL TEMP]ATURES AS A RESULT ( ! BUILDUP ( HEAT-TRAPP+ POLLUTANT GASES 9 ! ATMOSPH]E4 ,AS EVID5CE ( ! EFFECTS ( GLOBAL W>M+ BEG9S TO ACCUMULATE1 IT IS ABSOLUTELY C]TA9 ?AT ! WORLD IS FAC+ A DANG]\S ACCEL]ATION ( CLIMATE *ANGE & EXTREMES ( WEA!R4 ,!SE *ANGES WILL BE CONSID]ABLY WORSE ?AN HOTT] SUMM]S & WETT] W9T]S = SOME & VICE V]SA = O!RS4 ,:OLE CONT95TS >E GO+ TO BE AFFECT$ BY SEV]E & EXT5D$ P]IODS ( *ANG$ CLIMATE4 ,ITS NOT JU/ ! ,SAH>AN REGION ?AT IS EXP]I5C+ PROLONG$ DR\<T & DISA/R\S FIRES4 ,EV5 TROPICAL & TEMP]ATE REGIONS >E SUFF]+1 C\NTRIES LIKE ,AU/RALIA1 ,MALAYSIA1 ,MEXICO1 ,NIC>AGUA1 ,CYPRUS & ,EA/ ,AFRICA4 ,9 ONE YE> =E/ FIRES CONSUM$ MORE ?AN ONE MILLION HECT>ES ( ,SUMATRA & ,KALIMANTAN4 ,AGRICULTURE 9 MANY DIFF]5T REGIONS ( ! WORLD WILL BECOME VIRTUALLY IMPOSSIBLE AS DES]TIFICATION SPREADS 9 HOT >EAS & RA9FALL DR[NS FIELDS & PADDOCKS 9 ! WORLD'S MONSOON BELT4 ,/ORMS & OCEAN SWELL+ WILL 9UNDATE L[LY+ REGIONS1 DR[N+ FI%+ PORTS & ! H9T]L&S !Y FE$4 ,GLOBAL W>M+ WILL EXP& OCEAN WAT] & RAISE SEA LEVELS TWO FEET BY ! YE> #b#a3 L[-LY+ REGIONS SU* AS ! DELTA PORTIONS ( ,BANGLADE%1 ,EGYPT & ,S\!RN ,*9A & L[-LY+ ISL&S 9 ! ,9DIAN & ,PACIFIC OCEANS MAY BE FLOOD$ OR EV5 SUBM]G$4 

,?IS MAY ALL SEEM V]Y ACADEMIC & ! PROBLEM ( DI/ANT PEOPLES4 ,BUT CLIMATE *ANGE DOESN'T JU/ AFFECT F>-(F C\NTRIES WE WILL NEV] VISIT4 ,TORR5TIAL RA9 & MELT+ 9 #aiih COMB9$ TO CAUSE L&SLIDES & SEV]E FLOOD+ 9 ,CALI=NIA1 ,IDAHO1 ,NEVADA & ,OREGON4 ,FLA% FLOODS =C$ ! EVACUATION ( #a#b#e1 PEOPLE1 & DE/ROY$ OR BADLY DAMAG$ #b#d1 H\SES & SEV]AL HUNDR$ SQU>E KILOMET]S ( F>ML&4 ,ECONOMIC LOSSES W]E E/IMAT$ AT @s#bBILLION4 ,D]MATOLOGI/S 9 ,AU/RALIA & ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES >E WITNESS+ AN EXPLOSION 9 CASES ( ! DEADLY SK9 CANC]1 MELANOMA4 

,RIS+ SEA LEVELS WILL DR[N T\RI/ BEA*ES1 COA/AL WETL&S1 CULTURAL & H]ITAGE SITES1 FI%+ C5T]S & O!R >EAS & REQUIRE MASSIVE 9VE/M5T 9 COA/AL DEF5SES1 NEW SEWAGE SY/EMS & RELOCATION CO/S - :OLE NEW T[NS - H\SES1 S*OOLS1 HOSPITALS1 FACTORIES -- WILL HAVE TO BE BUILT AS PEOPLE >E =C$ 9L& AT MASSIVE CO/4 ,:O IS TO PAY = ALL ?IS1 IF NOT ! WORK+ PEOPLES ( ! WORLD8 ,!SE *ANGES WILL HAVE MAJOR CONSEQU5CES = FOOD PRODUCTION & CREATE MANY MORE REFUGEES1 ) ! POORE/ BE+ MO/ AFFECT$1 AS EV]4 ,*ANGES TO ! OCEANS WILL ALSO DRIVE FI% FROM TRADITIONAL GR\NDS1 MAK+ IT DANG]\S OR IMPOSSIBLE TO CAT* !M )\T US+ FACTORY VESSELS & ! LATE/ SON> TE*NOLOGY4 ,?9K ( ! LIT]ALLY BILLIONS ( PEOPLE :O LIVE & WORK 9 ! RIV] & DELTAS ( ! GREAT RIV]S ( ! WORLD3 ! ,AMAZON1 ,GANGES1 ,9DUS1 ,MEKON1 ,MISSISSIPPI1 ,NIG]1 ,NILE1 ,PO1 & ,YANGTZE4 ,!SE >E HUGELY PRODUCTIVE AGRICULTURAL REASONS & >E ALL AT RISK FROM RIS+ SEA LEVELS & CLIMATE *ANGE4 

,SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE WILL BECOME MORE DIFFICULT1 LEAD+ TO L& BE+ TAK5 BY ,BIG ,FOOD & PEASANT F>M]S BE+ =C$ 9TO FETID SLUMS BEAT5 D[N BY EXTREMES ( HEAT & RA9 :]E *OL]A1 TYPHUS & DIPH!RIA >E 5DEMIC4 ,ACROSS ! WORLD TROPICAL 9SECTS >E 9VAD+ TEMP]ATE ZONES :]E PEOPLE & CATTLE HAVE NO IMMUNITY OR ! MEANS TO COMBAT !M :ILE AT ! SAME TIME1 UP TO #d.0 ( ALL PLANT & ANIMAL SPECIES ALIVE TODAY >E FAC+ EXT9CTION4 ,CROPS >E DY+ FROM WAT] %ORTAGES & DR\<T CAUSES ?\S&S ( CATTLE TO DIE ( />VATION OR ! HEAT4 ,! CORAL REEFS ( ! WORLD >E DY+1 UNABLE TO ADAPT TO W>M+ SEAS & ! HUMAN DISEASES ?AT 5T] ! SEAS 9 SEWAGE & ?RIVE 9 W>M] WAT]4 ,DON'T ?9K !SE >E PROBLEMS ONLY AFFECT+ ! ,MAJORITY ,WORLD1 F> AWAY4 ,9 #bb #c.0 ( ! ,U,S,A WAS (FICIALLY DECL>$ DR\<T-AFFECT$4 ,! RESPONSE ( ,BIG ,MONEY - GOV]NM5T & BUS9ESS - IS NOT TO TAX PETROL1 R$UCE C>BON EMISSIONS OR *ANGE PATT]NS ( CONSUMPTION TO CONS]VE WAT] BUT BUILD MORE DAMS TO L9E ! POCKETS ( ! CORPORATIONS RESPONSIBLE = ! MESS 9 ! FIR/ PLACE4 

,WE >E (T5 TOLD ?AT CLIMATE *ANGE IS PRODUC$ BY OLDFA%ION$ POLLUT+ TE*NOLOGIES & ?AT - IF SUFFICI5T MONEY IS GIV5 TO BIG BUS9ESS & ! UNIV]SITIES - !Y WILL PRODUCE ! TE*NOLOGICAL SOLUTIONS ?AT WILL SAVE ! PLANET4 ,YET1 AS ?IS PAMPHLET %[S ELSE:]E1 ! NATURE1 SPE$ & SCOPE ( TE*NOLOGICAL *ANGE IS NOT DICTAT$ BY HUMAN NE$ 7OR EV5 HUMANITY'S ACTUAL SURVIVAL ON ?IS PLANET7 BUT BY ! CORPORATIONS' ABILITY TO MAKE PR(IT FROM !IR DEVELOPM5T1 9TRODUCTION & CONTROL4 ,!Y DICTATE :5 PRODUCTS & TE*NOLOGIES 5T] ! M>KET1 NOT US4 ,IT IS ! CORPORATIONS ?AT 9CREAS+LY DICTATE :AT1 H[ & H[ MU* WE CONSUME BY !IR CONTROL ( TE*NOLOGY & PRODUCT DEVELOPM5T4 ,PATT]NS ( CONSUMPTION1 ! WA/E & EXCESS CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM1 DICTATE \R ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION4 ,& IT IS ! TOTAL MASS ( PRODUCTION - :I* IS B\ND TO GO ON 9CREAS+ AS WE/]N PATT]NS ( CONSUMPTION >E SPREAD TO ! DEVELOP+ WORLD BY GLOBALIZATION - ?AT IS ! PROBLEM4 ,:AT IS ALSO BE+ SPREAD - UN=TUNATELY - >E ! GROTESQUELY UNFAIR & DE/RUCTIVE 9EQUALITIES ?AT CAPITALISM CREATES & FO/]S4 ,!SE >E NOT JU/ 9EQUALITIES ( WEAL?1 /ATUS OR P[]1 ?\< !SE >E SC&AL\S 5\< 9 A WORLD ?AT PRET5DS TO HUMAN EQUALITY & RI<TS 7& H[ HOLL[ !SE MU/ R+ AS DU/ SWEEPS ACROSS ! F>M ( Y\R ANCE/ORS OR FLOODS DR[N CROP1 CATTLE & K974 ,!Y >E ALSO 9EQUALITIES 9 ! ONE ( ! FUNDAM5TALS ?AT DEF9ES HUMANITY3 ! K9D & QUALITY ( \R LIVES & ! WAYS 9 :I* WE DIE4 

,= IT IS ! POOR1 ! M>G9ALIZ$ & ! WEAK1 :O ALREADY DIE 9 !IR T5S ( MILLIONS EV]Y YE> :O WILL BE> ! BRUNT ( GLOBAL W>M+ & CLIMATE *ANGE4 ,IF ! PRICE ( FL\R GOES UP A FEW C5TS A KILO AS A RESULT ( BAD WEA!R OR FAIL$ CROPS BREAD 9 ,AM]ICA WILL BE A LITTLE BIT MORE EXP5SIVE4 ,BUT IF Y\ LIVE ON @s#a A DAY 9 ,E?IOPIA OR ,BRAZIL !N A DR\<T 9 ! MAIZE FIELDS CAN BE A MATT] ( LIFE & DEA?4 ,IF ! VACC9ES & ANTIBIOTICS ?AT HELP$ CONTROL 5DEMIC DISEASE NO LONG] WORK & Y\ CAN'T AF=D ! NEW DRUGS FROM ! ,WE/1 H[ DO Y\ *OOSE :O WILL GET !M8 ,IF ! UPL& PEOPLES HAVE BE5 DRIV5 FROM !IR L& BY DR\<T & COME >M$ TO Y\R VILLAGE1 WILL Y\ FI<T OR FLEE8 ,& :]E WILL Y\ GO ! SLUMS >E ALREADY FULL8 ,:5 ! PRIVATIZ$ WAT] COMPANY TURNS (F ! NEI<BORHOOD'S WAT] SUPPLY TO PRES]VE IT = ! RI* :O CAN AF=D TO PAY1 H[ WILL Y\ WA% 7TO AVOID DISEASE71 F9D CLEAN WAT] 7TO COOK )7 OR FLU% ?AT ALREADY /9K+ TOILET :]E 9FECTION IS BRE$+8 ,! 9EVITABLE RESULT ( GLOBAL W>M+ IS NOT AN ',5GLI% ,RIVI]A' ?AT ! M$IA & SOME SCI5TI/S LIKE TO POPUL>IZE1 IT IS W>1 CIVIL W>1 9T]COMMUNAL VIOL5CE1 MASS POV]TY1 />VATION & DISEASE1 MAN-MADE CATA/ROPHE & MILLIONS ( BLI<T$ LIVES4 ,EV5 ?\< ! CONSUMPTION-OBSESS$ WE/]N ECONOMIES >E ! 5G9E ( GLOBAL W>M+1 ITS EFFECTS >E L>GELY NOT FELT !RE4 ,WE >E CONT5T TO LET 9T]NATIONAL AID AG5CIES PROVIDE /ICK+ PLA/] SOLUTIONS TO ! 5VIRONM5TAL DISA/]S ?AT BUS9ESS HAS CREAT$4 ,CAPITALISM IS BLI<T+ ! PLANET2 ONLY ! FREE SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 MADE H]E TODAY1 WILL RE/ORE IT TO HEAL?4 

,CONCLUSION 

  

,IF ! PRICE ME*ANISM CONT9UES TO DET]M9E ! ALLOCATION ( WAT]1 ! POOR WILL DIE ( ?IR/4 ,IF IT DECIDES :I* CROPS >E IRRIGAT$ = M>KET1 !Y WILL />VE4 ,IF IT DET]M9ES ! AVAILABILITY ( WAT] = P]SONAL HYGI5E1 VA/ NUMB]S ( *ILDR5 WILL DIE BE=E ! AGE ( FIVE FROM ILLNESSES SU* AS DI>RHEA4 ,BUT !RE >E NUM]\S EXAMPLES FROM >\ND ! WORLD ?AT %[ ?AT PEOPLE CAN CO-OP]ATE TO %>E WAT] RES\RCES S5SIBLY & FAIRLY BUT ONLY :]E !RE IS COMMON [N]%IP & CONTROL ( WAT]4 

,?IS SECTION IS BAS$ ON ,COL9 ,W>D'S ',REFLECT$ 9 ,WAT]3 ,A ,CRISIS ( ,SOCIAL ,RESPONSIBILITY' 7,CASSELL 1 #a#i#i#g7 

,PEOPLE 

  

,SCI5TIFIC FACT PROCLAIMS ! EXI/5CE ( AN ECOLOGY ( :I* WE >E A P>T4 ,NO SY/EM ( E?ICS OR MORALITY1 EXCEPT ! DISEAS$ MY?OLOGIES ( FASCISM1 CAN JU/IFY HUMAN EXI/5CE 9 ! PRES5T IF HUMANITY FAILS TO EXI/ 9 ! FUTURE4 ,CAPITALISM WILL EI!R DE/ROY HUMANITY BY DE/ROY+ ITS ECOLOGICAL NI*E OR IT WILL DE/ROY HUMANITY BY *ANG+ IT4 ,FROM !SE ?REE /ATEM5TS COMES AN 9ESCAPABLE CONCLUSION3 ?AT ! CLASS W> IS ALSO A W> ( ECOLOGICAL SURVIVAL4 

,>E ,WE ,! ,PROBLEM8 

  

,( C\RSE WORK+ CLASS CULTURES CREAT$ OR MA9TA9$ BY CAPITALISM >E P>T ( ! PROBLEM4 ,CONSUM] CULTURE 5C\RAGES 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION1 :E!R BY RECREATIONAL HUNT]S1 =E/ RESORT DEVELOP]S1 TRAIL-BIK]S OR (F-ROAD DRIV]S4 ,WE CONSUME \R 5VIRONM5T 9 ! SAME WAY & = ! SAME REASONS WE CONSUME EV]Y?+ ELSE CAPITALISM HAS APPROPRIAT$ & TURN$ 9TO PRODUCTS TO BE REMADE1 REPACKAG$ & SOLD4 ,! HOME IMPROVEM5T CRAZE HAS L$ TO DISUS$ QU>RIES 9 NATIONAL P>KS BE+ REOP5$ OR EXP&$ TO FE$ \R HUNG] = /ONE & GRAVEL4 ,=E/S >E PLANT$ & FELL$ TO FE$ \R CRAV+ = NEWSPR9T1 FURNITURE & PACKAG+4 ,WE GRUB UP H$GES1 SPRAY PE/ICIDES OR LET USEFUL L& LIE FALL[ BECAUSE SOMEONE PAYS US TO DO IT4 ,H[ WE LIVE IS NOT NATURAL & NOT NECESS>Y BUT AN 5TIRELY >TIFICIAL ?+1 CREAT$ BY CAPITALISM TO SUIT ITS NE$S1 NOT \RS4 ,BUT ?IS SITUATION IS NOT NORMAL1 NOT P]MAN5T & CAN BE *ALL5G$4 ,CAPITALISM IS NOT A SOLUTION IT IS A PR$ICAM5T4 ,ITS PO9T ( NO RETURN HAS ALREADY BE5 REA*$2 IT WILL DIE OR BE RADICALLY *ANG$ 9 ! LIFE ( MANY PEOPLE ALIVE TODAY4 ,H[ MANY ( US WILL DIE 9 ! PROCESS IS ! QUE/ION4 

,! ,MY? ( ,OV]POPULATION 

  

,HUMAN POPULATION HAS SKYROCKET$ 9 ! LA/ FEW C5TURIES - 9 ! N9ETE5? C5TURY1 ! WORLD POPULATION MORE ?AN D\BL$4 ,BUT POPULATION GR[? IS A RESULT ( A DECL9E 9 ! DEA? RATE1 RA!R ?AN A BOOM 9 ! BIR? RATE4 ,HUMANS HAVE ALWAYS PRODUC$ A LOT ( *ILDR52 IT IS A USEFUL SURVIVAL TE*NIQUE4 ,BUT WE >E ALSO GETT+ BETT] AT KEEP+ \RSELVES ALIVE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 :ILE SOME >EAS MA9TA9 HI/ORICALLY HI< RATES ( BIR?1 O!R >EAS - NOTABLY ! 'DEVELOP$' C\NTRIES ( ! ,WE/ - HAVE DECL9+ BIR? RATES4 ,SO :AT'S ! TRU? AB\T 'OV]-POPULATION'8 

,MAL?US 

  

,>E !RE TOO MANY PEOPLE = ! E>? TO SUPPORT8 ,?OMAS ,MAL?US 7A #a#i? ,C5TURY CL]GYMAN71 WAS ! ORIG9ATOR & POPULI/ ( 0OV]POPULATION0 !ORIES4 ,HE MA9TA9$ ?AT FOOD SUPPLIES C\LD ONLY 9CREASE >I?METICALLY :ILE HUMAN POPULATION 9CREASES EXPON5TIALLY4 ,W>1 DISEASE & />VATION = ! POOR >E ! 9EVITABLE RESULT3 0,MAN CANNOT LIVE 9 ! MID/ ( PL5TY4 ,ALL CANNOT %>E ALIKE ! B\NTIES ( NATURE04 ,!SE DISA/]S W]E ALSO ! 'NATURAL' SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM4 ,HE OPPOS$ CONTRACEPTION OR FE$+ PEOPLE :O W\LD O!RWISE />VE1 AS ?IS W\LD ONLY LEAD !M TO PROCREATE MORE1 WORS5+ ! G5]AL MIS]Y4 

,OV]POPULATION IDEOLOGY EM]G$ ) ! BEG9N+ ( 9DU/RIALIZATION4 ,PEOPLE W]E DRIV5 FROM !IR L&S & DISPOSSESS$ ( ! COMMONS 7A TRADITIONAL S\RCE ( FOOD 9 H>D TIMES7 BY WEAL?Y L&[N]S & CR[D$ 9TO FACTORIES & SLUM H\S+4 ,DISEASE1 BRUTALITY & IMMORALITY W]E CAUS$ BY OV]CR[D+ :I* WAS ITSELF ! PRODUCT ( !RE BE+ TOO MANY PEOPLE - OR SO IT WAS ?\<T4 ,MAL?US' !ORIES BEGAN TO BE US$ SELECTIVELY BY POLITICAL & BUS9ESS LEAD]S AS ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION PROGRESS$4 ,A SURPLUS ( WORK]S KEPT WAGES D[N1 :I* WAS GOOD = BUS9ESS1 & GOOD BUS9ESS MADE GOOD POLITICS4 ,BUT SOCIETY WAS ALSO A 0W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL0 7,HOBBES74 ,9 ORD] TO SURVIVE & CONQU]1 /ATES REQUIR$ A LOT ( PEOPLE 7SOLDI]S1 WORK]S7 BUT ONLY ! 'RI<T' ONES4 ,SOCIAL ,D>W9ISM1 COMB9$ ) EUG5ICS 7! G5ETIC CONTROL & 'IMPROVEM5T' ( BRE$S71 WAS US$ TO JU/IFY COLONIAL CONQUE/ & LEGITIMIZ$ REACTION>Y IMMIGRATION POLICIES AT ! TURN ( ! #b? ,C5TURY4 ,ULTIMATELY IT PROVID$ ! NECESS>Y IDEOLOGY = ! EXT]M9ATION ( '9F]IOR' PEOPLE BY ! ,NAZIS 9 !IR DEA? CAMPS3 ! DISABL$1 M5TALLY OR PHYSICALLY 'DEFICI5T'1 PSY*IATRIC 9MATES1 ,JEWS1 ,GYPSIES1 HOMOSEXUALS ETC4  

  

,OV]POPULATION !ORIES >E CURR5TLY US$ BY ! ,DEVELOPM5T ,BANK TO JU/IFY ! 9DU/RIAL DEVELOPM5T ( S5SITIVE WILD]NESS >EAS SU* AS ,WE/]N ,BRAZIL4 ,M$IA IMAGES ( CR[D$ REFUGEE CAMPS SUGGE/ AN ,AFRICA TEEM+ ) PEOPLE ?AT ! L& CANNOT SUPPORT & CONV5I5TLY IGNORE ! W>S & ECONOMIC OPPRESSION ?AT HAVE DRIV5 !M !RE4 ,S9CE ! ,COLD ,W>1 ,U,S /RATEGY TO CONTROL POLITICAL DEVELOPM5TS & RES\RCES HAS 9VOLV$ POPULATION CONTROL TO PREV5T NATIONALI/ REVOLT 9 ,AFRICA & ,ASIA4 ,! ,AM]ICAN CORPORATE & MILIT>Y /ATE COLLABORATES ) LOCAL ELITES ?R\< ! E/ABLI%M5T ( /ATE-DOM9AT$ 9/ITUTIONS = POPULATION CONTROL4 ,! ,U,S ,AG5CY = ,9T]NATIONAL ,DEVELOPM5T 7,U,S,A,I,D7 IS ! BIGGE/ S+LE FUND] ( POPULATION CONTROL ACTIVITIES 9 ! MAJORITY WORLD4 ,! ANTI-ABORTION /ANCE ( ! ,REAGAN & ,BU% ADM9I/RATIONS WAS A SOP TO ! ,RI<T & ONLY = DOME/IC CONSUMPTION4 ,! FOCUS ( ! PRES5T POPULATION CONTROL E/ABLI%M5T IS AU?ORIT>IAN & TE*NOCRATIC4 ,/]ILIZATION1 9T]UT]9E DEVICES1 ! ,PILL1 & O!R RISKY =MS ( F]TILITY CONTROL >E PREF]R$ TO TRADITIONAL ME?ODS & B>RI] TE*NIQUES4 

,?IS IDEOLOGY IS BAS$ ON ?REE T5ETS3  

,RAPID POPULATION GR[? IS ! MA9 CAUSE ( ! ,S\?'S DEVELOPM5T PROBLEMS1 P>TICUL>LY HUNG]1 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION & POLITICAL 9/ABILITY4  

,PEOPLE MU/ BE P]SUAD$_/=C$ TO HAVE FEW] *ILDR5 79 ,9DONESIA ! ,>MY HAS =C$ ,I,U,DS ON VILLAG]S AT GUNPO9T71 )\T FUNDAM5TALLY IMPROV+ !IR IMPOV]I%$ CONDITIONS4  

,) ! RI<T COMB9ATION ( F9ANCE1 P]SONNEL1 TE*NOLOGY & ,WE/]N MANAGEM5T TE*NIQUES1 BIR? CONTROL CAN BE DELIV]$ FROM ! TOP D[N1 )\T BASIC HEAL? C>E SY/EMS4  
  
,HUNG] ,HAS ,NATURAL ,CAUSES1 ,RI<T8 

  

,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! WORLD PRODUCES #a4#e TIMES AS MU* FOOD AS IS NE$$ TO FE$ ! HUMAN POPULATION1 />VATION & FAM9E >E 5DEMIC TO MOD]N CAPITALISM4 #i MILLION PEOPLE DIE FROM />VATION EA* YE>1 BUT !RE IS NO GLOBAL %ORTAGE ( L& TO GR[ FOOD4 ,! ,U,N E/IMATES ?AT !RE IS 5\< L& TO FE$ A WORLD POPULATION ( #ad BILLION PEOPLE4 ,BUT :AT IS IT BE+ US$ =8 ,AS 9 ! 'DEVELOP$' ,NOR?1 L>GE L&[N]S CONTROL ! VA/ MAJORITY ( L&4 ,9 #hc C\NTRIES1 #c.0 ( F>M]S CONTROL #g#i.0 ( F>ML&1 MU* ( IT LEFT UNUS$ 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 PR(ITS4 ,BIG ,FOOD MADE OV] @s#gBN PR(IT FROM ! ,S\? 9 #a#i#i1 & PROBABLY F> MORE ?R\< TRANSF] PAYM5TS4 ,IT USES ITS ECONOMIC P[] TO =CE D[N ! PRICES ( RICE1 C(FEE1 SUG>1 COCOA & COTTON4 ,AV]AGE PRICES 9 #aihi W]E #b.0 D[N ON ?OSE ( #a#i#h4 ,?IS L$ TO AN 9CREASE 9 =EIGN DEBT = ,S\!RN C\NTRIES1 ) CONSEQU5T 9CREAS$ ECONOMIC H>D%IP = ! POOR MAJORITY 7HI<] TAXES1 9FLATION1 ETC474 ,BRAZIL HAS AN >EA ( F>ML& ! SIZE ( ,9DIA LEFT UNCULTIVAT$ :ILE #b MILLION RURAL POOR >E L&LESS2 ! RI*E/ #a.0 [NS #ae TIMES AS MU* L& AS ! POORE/ #e#f.0 ( ,BRAZILIAN F>M]S4 ,9 ,GUATEMALA1 #b.0 ( L&[N]S [N #f#f.0 ( ! L&4 ,9 ! ,PHILIPP9ES AGRIBUS9ESS PRODUC+ SUG>1 COTTON & P9EAPPLES = EXPORT HAS PU%$ #ab MILLION PEASANTS 9TO ! L[L& =E/S4 

,DR\<T 9 ,AFRICA IS P>T ( A MILL5NIA-LONG CYCLE ?AT HUMAN SOCIETIES ADAPT$ TO4 ,IT IS CA% CROP EXPLOITATION1 ! M>KET ECONOMY & TAXATION ?AT PRODUCE />VATION1 NOT DR\<T4 ,DUR+ ! #a#i#gS1 :5 FAM9ES FIR/ BEGAN TO BE REPORT$ REGUL>LY1 %IPS ?AT BR\<T RELIEF SUPPLIES TO ! PORT ( ,DAK> LEFT C>RY+ PEANUTS1 COTTON1 VEGETABLES1 & MEAT4 ,9 ,BANGLADE%1 (T5 CIT$ AS ! MODEL = ! ,MAL?USIAN >GUM5T1 #i.0 ( ! L& IS WORK$ BY %>ECROPP]S & LABOR]S4 ,MANY />V$ AFT] ! #aigd FLOODS1 :ILE HO>D]S HELD ON TO F\R MILLION TONS ( RICE4 ,9 ! MID-#h'S SEV]E FAM9ES OCCURR$ 9 ! ,SAHEL C\NTRIES ( ,BURK9A ,FASO1 ,MALI1 ,NIG]1 ,S5EGAL & ,*AD YET DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD RECORD H>VE/S ( COTTON W]E EXPORT$ TO ! 9DU/RIAL C5T]S ( ! WORLD4 

,CA% CROPS GO TO FE$ ! GLOBAL SUP]M>KET1 YIELD+ HI<] PR(ITS = 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL & ACCEL]AT+ GLOBAL 9DU/RIALIZATION4 ,MEXICAN SOIL & LABOR SUPPLIES ALMO/ #g.0 ( ! ,U,S M>KET = MU* W9T] & E>LY SPR+ VEGETABLES4 ,! RESULT IS ?AT AGRICULTURE = LOCAL CONSUMPTION IS SQUEEZ$ \T & ! PRICES ( /APLE FOODS RISE4 ,UP TO #e.0 ( TOTAL MEAT PRODUCTION 9 ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA IS EXPORT$1 MA9LY TO ,NOR? ,AM]ICA4 ,! 0,GRE5 ,REVOLUTION0 ( ! #a#i#gS & #a#i#hS1 ?AT ! RUL+ CLASS SAID W\LD FE$ ! HUNGRY1 HAS 9 FACT ONLY SUPPLI$ ! GLOBAL SUP]M>KET4 ,! SAME WILL C]TA9LY BE TRUE ( ! 'WOND] CROPS' ( ! ,G,M REVOLUTION4 ,! CORPORATE CLAIMS ?AT ,G,M & 9DU/RIAL FOOD PRODUCTION 9 G5]AL WILL 'FE$ ! WORLD' >E /RAI<T=W>D LIES4 ,! MAIZE_/SOY_/ ANIMAL PRODUCT SY/EM !Y >E PU%+ SO HEAVILY IS NOT A RATIONAL WAY TO PRODUCE FOOD -- AN ACRE ( C]EAL IS E/IMAT$ TO PRODUCE #e TIMES AS MU* PROTE9 AS ONE DEVOT$ TO MEAT PRODUCTION1 AN ACRE ( LEGUMES 7BEANS1 PEAS1 L5TILS7 #a TIMES AS MU* & AN ACRE ( LEAFY VEGETABLES #ae TIMES AS MU*4 

,:]E ,DOES ,POV]TY ,COME ,FROM8 

  

  

,! IMPOSITION ( FREE M>KET ECONOMICS ON COLONIAL T]RITORIES 9 ! #a#i? ,C5TURY MASSIVELY 9CREAS$ DEA? TOLLS FROM DR\<T & MONSOON3 AS MANY AS #a#hM DI$ 9 ,9DIA & ,*9A ALONE 9 TWO YE>S 9 ! #a#h#gS4 ,FAM9E 9 ,*9A SP>K$ ! ,BOX] ,UPRIS+4 ',MOD]NIZATION' CAUS$ VILLAGE /OCKS ( GRA9 TO BE C5TRALIZ$ 9 ! ,9DIAN ,EMPIRE & !N EXPORT$ TO ,5GL& :5EV] !RE W]E BAD H>VE/S4 ,:5 FAM9E /RUCK1 ! COLONIAL ADM9I/RATION RAIS$ PRICES BEYOND ! REA* ( ! PEASANTS :O />V$1 FL$ ! L& OR TURN$ TO B&ITRY & EV5 CANNIBALISM4 ,MONEY S5T BY ,EUROPEAN GOV]NM5TS = RELIEF (T5 5D$ UP FUND+ 9CREASES 9 LOCAL MILIT>Y E/ABLI%M5TS & 'BU% W>S' AGA9/ COLONIAL RIVALS OR W]E POCKET$ BY ! COLONIAL M]*ANT & RUL+ CLASSES - ! V]Y CRIME ?AT ,SADDAM'S ,IRAQ WAS ACCUS$ ( ?R\<\T ! #a#i#iS4 ,DESPITE A DECADES-LONG EF=T TO 'CIVILIZE' & 'DEVELOP' ,9DIA1 !RE WAS NO 9CREASE 9 ! P] CAPITA 9COME ( PEOPLE BETWE5 #ageg & #a#i#d#g4 ,WEAL? FL[$ 9 BO? DIRECTIONS BUT DID NOT PASS \T ( ! H&S ( ! RUL+ CLASSES 9TO ?AT ( ORD9>Y ,9DIANS4 ,9 ,AFRICA & ,ASIA ! RURAL POPULATION LIVE ON ! POORE/ L&4 ,!Y >E =C$ TO GR[ CA% CROPS = EXPORT1 AL?\< !IR PRIM>Y NE$ IS TO FE$ !MSELVES3 #ae MILLION *ILDR5 DIE EV]Y YE> FROM MALNUTRITION4 ,9 ,BRAZIL ! ,I,M,F 7,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND7 TYPICALLY 9SI/$ ?AT ! HUGE @s#a#b BILLION DEBT WAS PAID BY R$UC+ IMPORTS & MAXIMIZ+ EXPORTS4 ,?IS HAS 9EVITABLY L$ TO ! WORS5+ RAPE ( ,AMAZONIA ?R\< 9CREAS+ ! \TPUT ( PRIM>Y PRODUCTS SU* AS M9]ALS1 MEAT1 C(FEE1 COCOA & H>DWOODS4 ,LIV+ ON ! WOR/ L& & BURD5$ BY DEBT1 IS IT ANY WOND] PEOPLE OV]-CULTIVATE1 DE=E/ & OV]USE ! L&1 BECOM+ MORE PRONE TO 'NATURAL' DISA/]S SU* AS FLOODS & DR\<TS4 ,?IS L& IS ALSO ! MO/ DANG]\S3 ! POOR LIVE 9 *ANTY T[NS ( FLOOD-PRONE RIV] BAS9S OR =E%ORES1 OR 9 HUTS ( HEAVY MUD BRICK1 ON /EEP HILLS1 ?AT >E WA%$ AWAY :5 ! RA9S COME4 

,MAYBE ,ITS ,JU/ ,A ,LACK ,( ,RES\RCES8 

  

,ONE JU/IFICATION = POPULATION CONTROL IS ! PRESSURE ON RES\RCES %[N BY DE=E/ATION1 DES]TIFICATION1 WAT] POLLUTION ETC4 ,WE NE$ FEW] PEOPLE TO /OP 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION1 YES8 ,BUT FEW] PEOPLE DO NOT NECESS>ILY CONSUME FEW] RES\RCES4 ,! 9DU/RIALIZ$ ,NOR? ) AB\T #b.0 ( WORLD POPULATION 7#a4#bBN PEOPLE7 CONSUMES OV] #h.0 ( ITS RES\RCES1 #g.0 ( 5]GY1 #g#e.0 ( METALS1 #h#e.0 ( WOOD1 #f.0 ( FOOD4 ,!SE FIGURES OBSCURE VA/ DISP>ITIES ( WEAL? )9 BO? ! ,S\? & ! ,NOR?4 ,! WORLDS L>GE/ COMPANIES CONTROL #g.0 ( WORLD TRADE1 #h.0 ( =EIGN 9VE/M5T1 & #c.0 ( GLOBAL ,G,D,P4 ,MILIT>ISM IS ! MO/ 5VIRONM5TALLY DE/RUCTIVE MOD]N 9/ITUTION4 ,ITS CUMULATIVE EFFECTS F> \TWEI< ! EFFECTS ( POPULATION PRESSURE4 ,9 ! LA/ #e YE>S !RE HAVE BE5 OV] #abe W>S F\<T 9 ! ,S\? 7MANY ( !M PROXY W>S = ! SUP]P[]S71 LEAV+ #bb MILLION DEAD4 ,OV] #f.0 ( GLOBAL >MS SALES GO TO ,AFRICA & ,ASIA2 ?IS MILIT>Y SP5D+ KILLS & DAMAGES MANY MORE ?R\< ! WA/E ( RES\RCES4 ,! ,AM]ICAN ,P5TAGON PRODUCES MORE TOXIC WA/E ?AN ! FIVE L>GE/ MULTI-NATIONAL *EMICAL COMPANIES COMB9$3 A TON ( TOXIC *EMICALS A M9UTE4 ,A ,B#e#b BOMB] CONSUMES OV] #a#c1 LIT]S ( FUEL AN H\R2 AN >MOR$ DIVISION 7#c#d#h TANKS7 OV] #b MILLION LIT]S ( FUEL A DAY4 ,W> ALSO DAMAGES ! 5VIRONM5T ?R\< DE/ABILIZ+ TRADITIONAL COMMUNITIES1 CREAT+ REFUGEES :O FLEE & SETTLE ON FRAGILE SOILS ?AT CANNOT SUPPORT !M4 ,9 ,AFRICA1 BETWE5 #aiee & #a#i#h#e1 !RE W]E OV] #b ATTEMPT$ C\PS CREAT+ OV] #h MILLION PEASANT REFUGEES :O FL$ !IR VILLAGES TO ESCAPE T]ROR 9 ,E?IOPIA1 ,MOZAMBIQUE1 ,ANGOLA1 ! ,SUDAN & ,UG&A4 

,BIOTE*NOLOGY & ! FUTURE ( HUMANITY 

  

,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! TE*NOLOGY ( ,G5ETIC ,MODIFICATION 7,G,M7 /RET*ES BACK DECADES BUT MO/ PEOPLE HAVE />T$ TO BECOME AW>E ( ITS IMPLICATIONS ONLY DUR+ ! #iS4 ,FIR/ ,MONSANTO 9TRODUC$ R,B,/1 A ,G,M GR[? HORMONE DESIGN$ TO 9CREASE MILK YIELDS 9 ! ,U,S4 ,AFT] SOME CONTROV]SY ! ,E,U DECID$ TO BAN ITS IMPORT 9TO ,EUROPE1 A DECISION ?AT IS LIKELY TO BE OV]TURN$ BY ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,ORGANIZATION 7,W,T,O7 SOON4 ,!N 9 #aiif %IPM5TS ( SOY BEANS G5ETICALLY MODIFI$ TO BE RESI/ANT TO ,MONSANTO'S H]BICIDE ,R\NDUP />T$ TO >RIVE 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 PROMPT+ PUBLIC DISQUIET4 ,! SACK+ ( ,DR ,PUZ/AI FROM ! ,R[ETT ,9/ITUTE = CLAIM+ ?AT CONSUM+ ,G,M POTATOES H>M$ RATS PROVOK$ QUITE A FOOD SC>E FR5ZY 9 ! CAPITALI/ M$IA4 ,BUT ! 0,FRANK5/E9 ,FOODS0 P>ANOIA ALSO T5D$ TO OBSCURE ! 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL DISA/]S ?AT WILL FOLL[ IF ! CORPORATIONS C>RY \T !IR PLANS TO 9TRODUCE ,G,M ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,TO QUOTE ,V&ANA ,%IVA 0,IT SEEMS ?AT ! ,WE/]N P[]S >E /ILL DRIV5 BY ! COLONIZ+ IMPULSE TO DISCOV]1 CONQU]1 [N1 & POSSESS EV]Y?+1 EV]Y SOCIETY1 EV]Y CULTURE4 ,! COLONIES HAVE N[ BE5 EXT5D$ TO ! 9T]IOR SPACES1 ! 'G5ETIC CODES' ( LIFE =MS FROM MICROBES & PLANTS TO ANIMALS1 9CLUD+ HUMANS40 

,LET ,!M ,EAT ,OIL 

  

,G,M IS ONLY ! LATE/ /AGE 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( FOOD PRODUCTION UND] ! CONTROL ( ! PETRO-*EMICALPH>MACEUTICAL MULT9ATIONALS ?AT HAVE COME TO DOM9ATE ! GLOBAL ECONOMY 7,BIG ,FOOD1 ,BIG ,PH>M & ,BIG ,OIL74 ,!Y >E MORE P[]FUL ?AN MANY NATION /ATES3 9 #a#i#i#e1 ( ! #a MO/ P[]FUL 'ECONOMIES' 9 ! WORLD #dh W]E GLOBAL CORPORATIONS4 ,ALONG ) 9T]NATIONAL F9ANCIAL 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ! ,I,M,F1 ,WORLD ,BANK & ,W,T,O1 !Y CON/ITUTE ! ECONOMIC SIDE ( ! ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD]4 ,! PROCESS ( 9DU/RIALIZ+ FOOD PRODUCTION1 :I* !Y HAVE BE5 IMPOS+ ON US OV] ! LA/ FEW DECADES1 CONSI/S ( DE/ROY+ SUBSI/5CE & ORGANIC F>M+ & REPLAC+ IT ) A SY/EM BAS$ ON3  

,MASSIVE 9PUTS ( PETRO-*EMICALS 9 ! =M ( FUEL = MA*9]Y1 >TIFICIAL F]TILIZ]S & BIOCIDES 7H]BICIDES & PE/ICIDES74  

,PRODUCTION = A GLOBAL M>KET RA!R ?AN = DIRECT CONSUMPTION 7SUBSI/5CE7 OR LOCAL M>KETS4  

,MORE DEP5D5CE ON ANIMAL PRODUCTS & ! 9T5SIFICATION ( ANIMAL EXPLOITATION 7FACTORY F>M+74  

,! CONC5TRATION ( L& [N]%IP 9TO FEW] H&S4  

,DEP5D5CE ON MULT9ATIONAL CORPORATIONS = SE$4 ,MAJOR *EMICAL1 PH>MACEUTICAL & OIL MULT9ATIONALS HAVE TAK5 OV] MORE ?AN #ab SE$ COMPANIES S9CE ! #a#i#fS4 ,! TOP #e SE$ PRODUC]S N[ CONTROL #g#e.0 ( ! WORLD M>KET4 ,HYBRID1 SO-CALL$ ',HI< ,YIELD+ ,V>IETIES'1 HAVE YIELDS #b-#d.0 L[] 9 ! SECOND G5]ATION IF REPLANT$ & >E H5CE ECONOMICALLY /]ILE4  

,! REPLACEM5T ( MIX$ CROPP+ SY/EMS SUITABLE TO LOCAL CONDITIONS BY MONOCULTURE4  
  

,! RESULTS ( ?IS PROCESS 7ONCE KN[N AS ! ',GRE5 ,REVOLUTION'7 HAVE BE5 L&LESSNESS1 POV]TY @& />VATION = MILLIONS AS WELL AS MASSIVE DEGRADATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD ?R\< *EMICAL POLLUTION & LOSS ( BIODIV]SITY4 

,D[N ,ON ,! ,F>M 

  

,! FOOT & M\? 'EPIDEMIC' 9 ,BRITA9 WAS A MASSIVE ABUSE ( ANIMALS & ! L&1 CAUS$ BY ! PURSUIT ( PR(IT4 ,9FECT$ SWILL FROM S*OOLS1 PROBABLY >IS+ FROM ! *EAP IMPORT$ MEAT S*OOLS USE 7CO/-CUTT+ BE=E *ILDR5'S HEAL?71 WAS F$ TO PIGS4 ,9FECT$ & DISEASE-FREE ANIMALS W]E TAK5 TO L>GE AGRI-BUS9ESS HOLD+ /ATIONS4 ,! WEAK OR UNWANT$ W]E SOLD 9 LOCAL M>KETS1 SPREAD+ 9FECTION4 ,! RE/ W]E TRANSPORT$ HUNDR$S ( MILES TO FATT5+ /ATIONS & MIX$ ) O!R ANIMALS EV5 ?\< IT IS WELL KN[N ?AT LIVE/OCK TRANSPORT$ LONG DI/ANCES >E V]Y SUSCEPTIBLE TO DISEASE4 ,SOME W]E EXPORT$ TO ,EUROPE 7AFT] BE+ 9FECT$71 O!RS SOLD AFT] FATT5+ TO ! ABATTOIRS & !N 9TO ! FOOD *A94 ,?IS 9DU/RIAL AGRICULTURE IS =C$ UPON F>M]S BY A CAPITALISM ?AT MU/ (F] EV]-*EAP] GOODS TO SURVIVE & ! GRE$ ( ! SUP]M>KETS = PR(IT & M>KET %>E4 ,:AT IS TRULY AMAZ+ IS ?AT FOOT & M\? DISEASE CANNOT 9FECT HUMANS & DOES NO MORE H>M TO ANIMALS ?AN M9OR SORES & MILK ?AT CAN'T BE US$4 ,IT WE>S (F AFT] A FEW WEEKS4 ,9 ! #a#i? ,C5TURY & ABROAD F>M]S SIMPLY LET ! DISEASE BURN ITSELF \T AFT] KILL+ V]Y FEW ANIMALS4 ,:Y IS IT DIFF]5T 9 !SE ISL&S8 ,BECAUSE ! SUP]M>KETS WILL NOT BUY 9FECT$ MEAT & F>M]S WILL NOT PAY TO FE$ A C[ ?AT EV5 TEMPOR>ILY PRODUCES NO MILK4 ,FOOT & M\? WAS NOT A NATURAL DISA/]1 IT WAS AN ECONOMIC DISEASE1 KILL+ PR(ITS BUT ( NO H>M TO ANIMALS OR HUMANS4 ,ONE MILLION HEAL?Y1 DISEASE-FREE %EEP W]E KILL$ TO PROTECT ! PR(ITS ( ! SUP]M>KETS & L>GE AGRIBUS9ESSES1 ! ULTIMATE 9DICTM5T ( CAPITALI/ PR(IT MOTIVE & ME?ODS ( ORGANIZATION4 ,GLOBALIZATION & FREE TRADE >E =C+ 9T5SIVE F>M+ ME?ODS ON F>M]S ) DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES4 ,9 #aiii #b1 F>M]S 9 ,EUROPE GAVE UP ! UNEQUAL /RUGGLE & BIG BUS9ESS MOV$ 94 #a COMPANIES WORLDWIDE CONTROL #f.0 ( ! 9T]NATIONAL FOOD *A94 ,F\R ( !M CONTROL ! WORLD SUPPLY ( CORN1 :EAT1 TEA1 RICE & TIMB]4 ,MASSIVE SUBSIDIES1 PAID = BY TAXES ON WAGES & NONAGRICULTURAL BUS9ESSES1 SWELL ! PR(ITS ( ! BIGGE/ F>MS & AGRICULTURAL BUS9ESSES1 USUALLY [N$ BY L>GE MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS - 9 ! ,U,S1 A TOTAL ( @s#b#bBN4 ,:ILE WE/]N CAPITALISM DEM&S SUBSIDY WOR? @s#c#f#bBN P] YE>1 ! F>M]S ( ! RE/ ( ! WORLD %>E JU/ @s#a#hBN - IF !Y CAN'T COMPETE1 !Y >E ACCUS$ ( 9EFFICI5CY BY WE/]N 'EXP]TS' & LEGISLAT$ \T ( EXI/5CE OR DRIV5 TO ! WALL BY 'FREE & FAIR' COMPETITION4  

  

,F>M]S >E MADE MORE DEP5D5T ON ! MULT9ATIONALS BY ! FACT ?AT SE$ V>IETIES 7ALONG ) ALL =MS ( LIFE7 CAN N[ BE PAT5T$ & BY BE+ PAT5T$ TURN$ 9TO PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,IF F>M]S BUY ,MONSANTO'S ,R\NDUP ,READY SOY BEANS !Y HAVE TO SIGN A CONTRACT COMMITT+ !MSELVES TO USE ONLY ,MONSANTO *EMICALS1 NOT TO SAVE ANY SE$ = REPLANT+ 7ONE ( ! BASICS ( SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE7 & BE PREP>$ TO ALL[ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! COMPANY ON TO !IR F>MS = UP TO #c YE>S AFT] ! PUR*ASE TO *ECK ?IS4 ,9 ORD] TO 5=CE !SE ',TE*NOLOGY ,USE ,AGREEM5TS' 9 ! ,U,S1 ,MONSANTO HAVE EMPLOY$ ! ,P9K]TON PRIVATE DETECTIVE AG5CY 7FAM\S = !IR VIOL5T /RIKE BREAK+ ACTIVITIES ON BEHALF ( ,U,S CAPITAL71 !Y HAVE NAM$ & %AM$ 'GUILTY' F>M]S 9 LOCAL RADIO /ATION ADV]TS & EV5 OP5$ A TELEPHONE HOTL9E = PEOPLE TO DOB 9 (F5D]S4 ,! FACT ?AT #dge F>M]S 9 ! ,U,S & ,CANADA BROKE !IR ,TE*NOLOGY ,USE ,AGREEM5TS & W]E SU$ BY ,MONSANTO IS PROBABLY ONE ( ! REASONS IT DEVELOP$ 'T]M9ATOR' TE*NOLOGY1 A TE*NIQUE :]E G5ES >E 9S]T$ 9TO A PLANT :I* R5D] ITS SE$ NON-VIABLE2 FROM ! CORPORATIONS PO9T ( VIEW A GREAT IMPROVEM5T -- FROM 'ECONOMIC /]ILITY' TO BIOLOGICAL /]ILITY4 ,MONSANTO IS SU+ ONE F>M] FROM ,CANADA = GR[+ SE$ )\T A LIC5SE1 :5 :AT ACTUALLY HAPP5$ WAS ?AT HIS OILSE$ RAPE CROP HAD BE5 CONTAM9AT$ BY POLL5 FROM ,G,M CROPS ON NE>BY F>MS4 ,( C\RSE ! REAL AIM ( T]M9ATOR TE*NOLOGY IS ! UNTOLD SUMS ( MONEY TO BE MADE FROM /OPP+ ',?IRD ,WORLD' F>M]S FROM SAV+ & %>+ !IR SE$S & MAK+ !M DEP5D5T ON HI< TE* SE$ FROM ! MULT9ATIONALS4 

,NO?+ 9 ! PREC$+ P>AGRAPH %\LD BE TAK5 TO MEAN ?AT WE SEE L>GE CAPITALI/ F>M]S 9 ! ,U,S & ,CANADA AS BE+ SOMEH[ VICTIMS ( ! CORPORATIONS4 ,LIKE L>GE SCALE 9DU/RIAL F>M]S EV]Y:]E !Y >E P>T ( ! CORPORATE FOOD PRODUCTION SY/EM ( :I* ,G,M IS ! LATE/ /AGE3 !Y EXPLOIT WAGE LABOR 7AL?\< LABOR ON F>MS IS DRA/ICALLY R$UC$ BY ! 9DU/RIALIZATION PROCESS L>GE SCALE 9DU/RIAL F>M+ EXPLOITS WAGE LABOR MASSIVELY 9 ! *EMICAL 9DU/RY1 MA*9E PRODUCTION1 TRANSPORTATION ETC7 & HAPPILY PRODUCE = ! GLOBAL M>KET & ACT AS A M>KET = EV]Y NEW AGRO-*EMICAL OR ,G,M SE$ PRODUC$4 ,BUT ALREADY COMPLA9TS ( CROP DAMAGE DUE TO H]BICIDE DRIFT >E />T+ TO 9CREASE AS ! SPRAYS F>M]S GR[+ ,R\NDUP ,READY ,G,M USE DRIFTS ONTO ! CROPS ( F>M]S GR[+ ORD9>Y PLANTS4 

,BIOCIDE OR ,G5OCIDE8 

  

  

,! HI< CO/ ( *EMICAL & ME*ANICAL 9PUTS & EXP5SIVE NEW SE$ V>IETIES FAVORS L>GE F>M]S OV] SMALL2 !Y >E BANKRUPT$1 LOSE !IR L& & 5D UP EI!R 9 ! HUGE & SQUALID *ANTY T[NS & SLUMS ?AT SURR\ND SO MANY MAJORITY WORLD CITIES OR AS AGRICULTURAL LABOR]S ON BIG F>MS OR PLANTATIONS4 ,H]E !Y MAY BE ONE ( ! OV] #d1 ',?IRD ,WORLD' F>M WORK]S KILL$ EA* YE> AS A RESULT ( CONTACT ) AGRO-*EMICALS4 ,A #aiid ,U,N REPORT E/IMAT$ #a11 PEOPLE A YE> >E MADE ILL AS A RESULT ( OV]- EXPOSURE TO AGRO-*EMICALS4 ,! 9CREAS+ USE ( ANIMAL PRODUCTS AS WELL AS LEAD+ TO ! MIS]Y1 WA/E & POLLUTION ( FACTORY F>M+ IS ALSO RESPONSIBLE = ! ]OSION ( BIODIV]SITY & PEOPLES LIVELIHOODS 9 ! MAJORITY WORLD4 ,= EXAMPLE ALMO/ ALL ( ,C5TRAL ,AM]ICA'S L[L& & L[] MONTANE RA9=E/ HAS BE5 CLE>$ OR SEV]ELY DEGRAD$ MA9LY 9 ORD] TO RAISE CATTLE = EXPORT4 ,! CROPS MO/ GR[N UND] ',GRE5 ,REVOLUTION' & ,G,M REGIMES ( 9DU/RIAL FOOD PRODUCTION >E MAIZE & SOY1 NOT = HUMAN CONSUMPTION BUT = ANIMAL FE$4 ,SMALL SCALE ORGANIC F>M+ SY/EMS BAS$ >\ND PLANTS & SUPPORT+ ! PRODUC]S DIRECTLY >E BE+ DE/ROY$ 9 FAVOR ( *EMICAL SOAK$ MONOCULTURES TO FE$ ! F>M ANIMALS NECESS>Y TO FE$ ! ANIMAL PRODUCT HEAVY GLOBAL FOOD ECONOMY4 

,BECAUSE 'PE/S' & 'WE$S' CAN RAPIDLY BECOME IMMUNE TO H]BICIDES & BIOCIDES *EMICALS DON'T EV5 DO :AT !Y SAY !Y DO2 PE/ICIDE USE 9 ! ,U,S 9CREAS$ BY #e.0 BETWE5 #a#i#e-#a#i#h#f YET E/IMAT$ CROP LOSS DUE TO PE/S WAS #b.01 EXACTLY ! SAME AS 9 #a#i#e4 ,! DAMAGE DONE BY ! PRODUCTION & USE ( BIOCIDES & >TIFICIAL F]TILIZ]S IS ALMO/ UNIMAG9ABLE4 ,PE/ICIDE POLLUTION ( ! NATURAL WORLD 7AIR1 WAT] @& SOIL7 IS ONE ( ! MAJOR REASONS = ! /AGG]+ LOSS ( BIODIV]SITY 7E/IMAT$ AT A LOSS ( #c1 SPECIES A YE>7 WE >E WITNESS+ AS ! WORLD IS SL[LY TURN$ 9TO A HUGE AGRO-*EMICAL-9DU/RIAL FACILITY4 ,PE/ICIDE & >TIFICIAL F]TILIZ] POLLUTION1 ALONG ) O!R PETRO-*EMICAL =MS ( POLLUTION & 9CREAS$ EXPOSURE TO RADIATION1 >E RESPONSIBLE = MASSIVE RATES ( CANC] & BIR? ABNORMALITIES4 ,!N !RE >E ! 'ACCID5TS' :I* %[ ! SY/EM'S 9HUMANITY EV5 MORE CLE>LY3 SU* AS ! #aihd EXPLOSION AT ,UNION ,C>BIDE'S 9SECTICIDE FACTORY 9 ,BHOPAL1 ,9DIA :I* LEFT #c1 DEAD & #b1 P]MAN5TLY DISABL$4 ,OR ! LESS WELL-PUBLICIZ$ EV5TS 9 ,IRAQ 9 #a#i#g#a-#a#i#g#b :5 L>GE QUANTITIES ( :EAT SE$ ?AT HAD BE5 TREAT$ ) ANTI-FUNGUS COMP\NDS CONTA9+ M]CURY W]E 'ACCID5TALLY' BAK$ 9TO BREAD4 #f1 NEUROLOGICALLY D]ANG$ PEOPLE W]E ADMITT$ TO HOSPITAL & AT LEA/ #deb DI$4 ,CORPORATE PROPAG&I/S W\LD HAVE US BELIEVE ?AT !SE >E UN=TUNATE SIDE EFFECTS ( A B5EFICIAL TE*NOLOGY WE DESP]ATELY NE$ TO 'FE$ ! WORLD4 ,YET1 AS ANYONE :O TAKES ! TR\BLE TO F9D \T ! FACTS MU/ BE AW>E1 ! WORLD PRODUCES MORE FOOD ?AN IS NECESS>Y TO FE$ ! HUMAN POPULATION & ! REASONS PEOPLE GO HUNGRY >E L&LESSNESS1 POV]TY1 & SOCIAL DISLOCATION CAUS$ BY CAPITALI/ OPPRESSION & W>4 

,! ,5D ,( ,DIV]SITY 

  

,G,M TE*NOLOGY IS ALSO SET TO PLUNGE C\NTLESS ?\S&S ( PEOPLE 9TO POV]TY BY US+ ,G,M PLANTS OR TISSUE CULTURES TO PRODUCE C]TA9 PRODUCTS :I* HAVE UP UNTIL N[ ONLY BE5 AVAILABLE FROM AGRICULTURAL S\RCES 9 ! MAJORITY WORLD4 ,= EXAMPLE1 LAURIC ACID IS WIDELY US$ 9 SOAP & COSMETICS & HAS ALWAYS BE5 D]IV$ FROM COCONUTS4 ,N[ OILSE$ RAPE HAS BE5 G5ETICALLY MODIFI$ TO PRODUCE IT & ,PROCTOR @& ,GAMBLE1 ONE ( ! L>GE/ BUY]S ( LAURIC ACID1 HAVE OPT$ = ! ,G,M S\RCE4 ,?IS IS B\ND TO HAVE A NEGATIVE EFFECT ON ! #ba MILLION PEOPLE EMPLOY$ 9 ! COCONUT TRADE 9 ! ,PHILIPP9ES & ! #a MILLION PEOPLE 9 ,K]ALA1 ,9DIA1 :O >E DEP5D5T ON COCONUTS = !IR LIVELIHOOD4 ,MILLIONS ( SMALLSCALE COCOA F>M]S 9 ,WE/ ,AFRICA >E N[ UND] ?REAT FROM ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,G,M COCOA BUTT] SUB/ITUTES4 ,9 ,MADAGASC> SOME #g1 VANILLA F>M]S FACE RU9 BECAUSE VANILLA CAN N[ BE PRODUC$ FROM ,G,M TISSUE CULTURES4 ,GREAT ISN'T IT8 #g1 F>M+ FAMILIES WILL BE BANKRUPT$ & ?R[N (F ! L& & 9/EAD WE'LL HAVE HALF A DOZ5 FACTORIES FULL ( SOME HORRIBLE BIOTE* GLOOP EMPLOY+ A C\PLE ( HUNDR$ PEOPLE4 ,& :AT WILL HAPP5 TO ?OSE #g1 FAMILIES8 ,WELL1 ! CORPORATIONS C\LD BUY UP ! L& & EMPLOY #a.0 ( !M GR[+ ,G,M COTTON OR TOBACCO OR SOME SU* CRAP & ! RE/ CAN GO ROT 9 SOME %ANTYT[N4 ,?IS IS :AT ! CORPORATIONS CALL 'FE$+ ! WORLD'4 

,POISON+ ! E>? & ITS 9HABITANTS BR+S 9 BIG MONEY = ! MULT9ATIONALS1 L>GE L&[N]S & ! :OLE ( ! 9DU/RIAL FOOD PRODUCTION SY/EM4 ,TRADITIONAL =MS ( ORGANIC1 SMALL-SCALE F>M+ US+ A WIDE V>IETY ( LOCAL CROPS & WILD PLANTS 7SO-CALL$' WE$S'7 HAVE BE5 RELATIVELY SUCCESSFUL AT SUPPORT+ MANY COMMUNITIES 9 RELATIVE SELF-SUFFICI5CY = C5TURIES4 ,9 TOTAL CONTRA/ TO 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISMS *EMICAL SOAK$ MONOCULTURES1 ,MEXICO'S ,HUA/EC 9DIANS HAVE HI<LY DEVELOP$ =MS ( =E/ MANAGEM5T 9 :I* !Y CULTIVATE OV] #c DIFF]5T PLANTS 9 A MIXTURE ( G>D5S1' FIELDS' & =E/ PLOTS4 ,! 9DU/RIAL FOOD PRODUCTION SY/EM IS DE/ROY+ ! HUGE V>IETY ( CROPS ?AT HAVE BE5 BR$ BY G5]ATIONS ( PEASANT F>M]S TO SUIT LOCAL CONDITIONS & NE$S4 ,A FEW DECADES AGO ,9DIAN F>M]S W]E GR[+ SOME #e1 DIFF]5T V>IETIES ( RICE4 ,TODAY ! MAJORITY GR[ JU/ A FEW DOZ54 ,9 ,9DONESIA #a1#e V>IETIES HAVE BE5 LO/ 9 ! LA/ #ae YE>S4 ,AL?\< A PLOT GR[+ RICE US+ MOD]N SO-CALL$ ',HI< ,YIELD+ ,V>IETIES' ) MASSIVE 9PUTS ( >TIFICIAL F]TILIZ]S & BIOCIDES PRODUCES MORE RICE = ! M>KET ?AN A PLOT BE+ CULTIVAT$ BY TRADITIONAL ORGANIC ME?ODS1 ! LATT] WILL BE ( MORE USE TO A FAMILY S9CE MANY O!R SPECIES ( PLANT & ANIMAL CAN BE COLLECT$ FROM IT4 ,9 ,WE/ ,B5GAL UP TO #abd 'WE$' SPECIES CAN BE COLLECT$ FROM TRADITIONAL RICE FIELDS ?AT >E ( USE TO F>M]S4 ,! SORT ( KN[L$GE CONTA9$ 9 !SE TRADITIONAL =MS ( L& USE WILL BE ( GREAT USE TO US 9 CREAT+ A SU/A9ABLE FUTURE ON ?IS PLANET2 IT IS ! SORT ( KN[L$GE ! CORPORATIONS >E DE/ROY+ TO TRAP US ALL 9 !IR NI<TM>E WORLD ( WAGE LABOR1 /ATE & M>KET4 

,FROM ',GRE5 ,REVOLUTION' TO ',G5E REVOLUTION' 

  

,! LATE/ /AGE 9 ?IS PROCESS IS ! USE ( ,G,M ORGANISMS 9 ! PRODUCTION ( FOOD 7AL?\<1 ( C\RSE1 FOOD PRODUCTION IS ONLY ONE ASPECT ( ! ,G,M WORLD ! CORPORATIONS >E PREP>+ = US74 ,DESPITE ! CLAIMS ( ! CORPORATIONS ?AT ?IS TE*NOLOGY IS 'GRE5' & DESP]ATELY NE$$ TO 'FE$ ! WORLD'1 IT WILL 9 FACT CONT9UE & ACCEL]ATE ! DEGRADATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD & ! IMMIS]ATION ( ! HUMAN SPECIES *>ACT]I/IC ( PREVI\S PHASES 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( FOOD PRODUCTION4 

,! CLAIM ?AT ! 9TRODUCTION ( ,G,M CROPS WILL LESS5 ! USE ( AGRO-*EMICALS IS A SIMPLE LIE4 ,( ! #b#g4#h MILLION HECT>ES ( ,G,M CROPS PLANT$ WORLD WIDE 9 #a#i#i#h1 #g#a.0 HAD BE5 MODIFI$ TO BE RESI/ANT TO P>TICUL> H]BICIDES4 ,?IS REPRES5TS A MAJOR 9T5SIFICATION ( *EMICAL AGRICULTURE S9CE USUALLY CROPS CAN'T BE SPRAY$ ) BROAD-SPECTRUM H]BICIDES 7SU* AS ,R\NDUP7 = OBVI\S REASONS4 ,MONSANTO HAVE APPLI$ = & RECEIV$ P]MITS = A ?REEFOLD 9CREASE 9 *EMICAL RESIDUES ON ,G,M SOY BEANS 9 ! ,U,S & ,EUROPE FROM #f P>TS P] MILLION 7PPM7 TO #bPPM4 ,TWO BIOTE* COMPANIES1 ,A/RA ,Z5ECA & ,NOV>TIS1 HAVE ACTUALLY PAT5T$ TE*NIQUES TO G5ETICALLY MODIFY CROP PLANTS SO ?AT !Y >E PHYSICALLY DEP5D5T ON ! APPLICATION ( C]TA9 *EMICALS2 SO MU* = CLAIMS ?AT ,G,M WILL LESS5 ! USE ( AGRO-*EMICALS4 

,COMPANIES 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS FIELD >E ALSO PLANN+ MAJOR 9VE/M5T 9 NEW FACILITIES TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCTION ( BIOCIDES4 ,MONSANTO HAVE ANN\NC$ PLANS TO 9VE/ @s#e MILLION 9 NEW PRODUCTION PLANTS = ,R\NDUP 9 ,BRAZIL4 ,?IS IS ON TOP ( @s#c#h MILLION ON EXP&+ PRODUCTION 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD4 ,AGR,EVO HAVE 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION FACILITIES = !IR H]BICIDE GLUFOS9ATE 9 ! ,U,S & ,G]MANY & EXPECT TO SEE SALES 9CREASE BY @s#e#f MILLION 9 ! NEXT #e-#g YE>S ) ! 9TRODUCTION ( GLUFOS9ATE-RESI/ANT ,G,M CROPS4 ,LIKE ,R\NDUP1 GLUFOS9ATE IS HAIL$ AS BE+ '5VIRONM5T FRI5DLY' BUT IS 9 FACT HI<LY TOXIC TO MAMMALS 7P>TICUL>LY AFFECT+ ! N]V\S SY/EM7 &1 EV5 9 V]Y L[ CONC5TRATIONS1 TO M>9E & AQUATIC 9V]TEBRATES4 ,?IS LA/ IS P>TICUL>LY WORRY+ S9CE GLUFOS9ATE IS WAT]-SOLUBLE & READILY LEA*$ FROM SOIL TO GR\NDWAT]4 ,AS = ,MONSANTO'S '5VIRONM5T FRI5DLY' BIOCIDE ,R\NDUP1 IT CAN KILL FI% 9 CONC5TRATIONS AS L[ AS #aPPM1 /UNTS & KILLS E>?WORMS1 IS TOXIC TO MANY B5EFICIAL MYCORRHIZAL FUNGI :I* HELP PLANTS TAKE UP NUTRI5TS & IS ! ?IRD MO/ COMMON CAUSE ( PE/ICIDE-RELAT$ ILLNESS AMONG AGRICULTURAL WORK]S 9 ,CALI=NIA2 SYMPTOMS 9CLUDE EYE & SK9 IRRITATION1 C>DIAC DEPRESSION & VOMIT+4 

,CROPS HAVE ALSO BE5 G5ETICALLY MODIFI$ TO PRODUCE !IR [N PE/ICIDE1 MO/ NOTABLY BY 9S]T+ G5ES FROM A NATURALLY OCCURR+ BACT]IUM ,BACILLUS ?UR+I5SIS 7,BT74 ,?IS PRODUCES A TOX9 ?AT KILLS SOME 9SECTS & !IR L>VAE BY DE/ROY+ !IR DIGE/IVE TRACTS4 ,! SUB/ANCES PRODUC$ BY ! ,G,M CROPS >E TOXIC & P]SI/ 9 ! SOIL LONG]1 KILL+ A WID] RANGE ( 9SECTS & SOIL ORGANISMS4 ,IT IS ALSO 9EVITABLE ?AT SOME ( ! T>GET ORGANISMS WILL DEVELOP IMMUNITY & F>M]S WILL RETURN TO *EMICAL SPRAYS OR :ATEV] ! NEXT TE*NICAL FIX ! CORPORATIONS COME UP ) HAPP5S TO BE4 ,IT IS ALSO LIKELY ?AT EI!R ?R\< CROSS-POLL9ATION OR ?R\< ! ACTION ( BACT]IA &_/OR VIRUSES ! ,BT G5E WILL 5D UP 9 O!R PLANTS ) UNPR$ICTABLE EFFECTS ON FOOD PRODUCTION & ECOSY/EMS4 ,?IS %[S ?AT ! CORPORATE JU/IFICATION ( ,G,M TE*NOLOGY1 ?AT IT IS ONLY AN EXT5SION ( TRADITIONAL BRE$+ ME?ODS1 IS UTT]LY FALSE4 ,HUMAN BE+S CAN ALT] ! *>ACT]I/ICS ( PLANTS & ANIMALS BY CROSS+ CLOSELY RELAT$ 9DIVIDUALS4 ,WE CANNOT CROSS A BACT]IA ) A PLANT1 A FI% ) A /RAWB]RY OR A HUMAN ) A PIG1 YET ,G,M POT5TIALLY MAKES POSSIBLE ANY JUXTAPOSITION ( G5ES FROM ANY:]E 9 ! WEB ( LIFE4 

,ANIMALS ,>E ,COMMODITIES ,TOO 

  

,UND] SLAV]Y HUMAN 9DIVIDUALS >E [N$1 >E PROP]TY4 ,UND] CAPITALISM WORK]S >5'T [N$ BUT !Y HAVE TO SELL !IR LABOR_/TIME_/CREATIVITY BECAUSE CAPITALI/S [N EV]Y?+ 7L&1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATION ETC7 ?AT W\LD 5ABLE PEOPLE TO LIVE \TSIDE ( WAGE LABOR & ! M>KET PLACE4 ,N[1 9/EAD ( 9DIVIDUALS [N+ NON-HUMAN ANIMALS AS P>T ( !IR SUBSI/5CE1 CORPORATIONS >E CLAIM+ ! RI<T TO '[N' :OLE SPECIES ( ANIMALS4 ,?IS PROCESS ( PAT5T+ LIFE CAN BE TRAC$ BACK TO ! #aih ,U,S ,SUPREME ,C\RT RUL+1 :I* /AT$ ?AT A ,G,M BACT]IUM 7MODIFI$ TO DIGE/ OIL7 C\LD BE PAT5T$4 ,NOT JU/ ?AT ONE BACT]IUM ( C\RSE BUT ! :OLE1 CREAT$ SPECIES4 ,9 #aihe ! ,U,S ,PAT5T & ,TRADEM>K ,(FICE RUL$ ?AT ,G,M PLANTS1 SE$S & PLANT TISSUES C\LD BE PAT5T$4 ,N[ ! CORPORATIONS CAN DEM& ROYALTIES & LIC5SE PAYM5TS EV]Y TIME F>M]S USE ?OSE PLANTS OR SE$S4 ,MONSANTO HOLDS A PAT5T ON 7I4E4 [NS & R5TS \T7 ALL ,G,M COTTON & SOY4 ,PAT5TS HAVE BE5 GRANT$ ON BIOLOGICAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( PLANTS AS WELL4 ,= EXAMPLE1 A PAT5T HAS BE5 ISSU$ TO ,SUNG5E = A V>IETY ( SUNFL[] ?AT HAS A HI< OLEIC ACID CONT5T4 ,BUT ! PAT5T COV]S ! *>ACT]I/IC AS WELL AS ! G5ES ?AT CODE = IT1 SO ANY PLANT BRE$] :O A*IEVES ! SAME RESULT BY TRADITIONAL ME?ODS C\LD BE SU$4 

,9 #aihg ANIMALS JO9$ ! BIOTE* M>KET PLACE :5 A ,H>V>D BIOLOGI/ PAT5T$ 'ONCOM\SE'1 A ,G,M ORGANISM 7M\SE7 PR$ISPOS$ TO DEVELOP CANC] = USE 9 M$ICAL 'RESE>*'4 ,BY #aiig #d ,G,M 'SPECIES' ( ANIMAL HAD BE5 PAT5T$1 9CLUD+ TURKEY1 NEMATODES1 MICE & RABBITS4 ,HUNDR$S ( O!R PAT5TS >E P5D+ ON PIGS1 C[S1 FI%1 %EEP & MONKEYS AMONG O!RS4 ,9 #aigf A LEUKEMIA PATI5T NAM$ ,JOHN ,MOORE HAD HIS CANC]\S SPLE5 REMOV$ UND] SURG]Y AT ! ,UNIV]SITY ( ,CALI=NIA4 ,)\T HIS KN[L$GE OR CONS5T SOME ( ! CELLS FROM HIS SPLE5 W]E CULTUR$ & F\ND TO PRODUCE A PROTE9 :I* C\LD BE US$ 9 ! MANUFACTURE ( ANTI-CANC] DRUGS4 ,! E/IMAT$ VALUE ( ?IS CELL-L9E TO ! PH>MACEUTICAL 9DU/RY IS @s#c BILLION4 ,9 #aihd ! ,CALI=NIA ,SUPREME ,C\RT RUL$ ?AT HE WAS NOT 5TITL$ TO ANY ( !SE PR(ITS4 

,A ,U,S COMPANY CALL$ ,BIOCYTE HOLDS A PAT5T ON 7[NS7 ALL UMBILICAL CORD CELLS4 ,SY/EMIX ,9C HAS A PAT5T ON 7[NS7 ALL HUMAN BONE M>R[ /EM CELLS1 !SE BE+ ! PROG5ITORS ( ALL CELLS 9 ! BLOOD4 ,! WORLDWIDE M>KET = CELL L9ES & TISSUE CULTURES WAS E/IMAT$ TO BE WOR? @s#d#b#f4#g MILLION TO ! CORPORATIONS 9 #a#i#i#f4 ,NOT ONLY CELLS BUT ALSO FRAGM5TS ( ,D,N,A CAN BE PAT5T$ 7[N$7 9 ?IS WAY4 ,9CYTE1 = EXAMPLE1 HAS APPLI$ = PAT5TS ON #a4#b MILLION FRAGM5TS ( HUMAN ,D,N,A4 ,! LOGIC ( ?IS IS ?AT 'G5ES =' P>TICUL> DISEASES SU* AS CY/IC FIBROSIS1 DIABETES1 V>I\S CANC]S ETC C\LD BECOME ! PROP]TY ( PH>MACEUTICAL COMPANIES :O C\LD !N MAKE HUGE PR(ITS ON TE/S = SU* G5ES & G5EBAS$ !RAPIES4 ,!RE IS NO SPACE H]E TO GET 9TO A L5G?Y CRITICISM ( ! R$UCTIONI/ IDEA ?AT 9DIVIDUAL G5ES SIMPLY MAP ONTO WELL-DEF9$ PHYSICAL TRAITS UND]LY+ ! :OLE !ORY & PRACTICE ( ,G,M4 ,IT'S 5\< TO SAY ?AT RESE>* 9TO PAT5T+ 7[N+71 = EXAMPLE1 A SUPPOS$' BREA/ CANC] G5E' IS ( LITTLE B5EFIT TO HUMANITY IF IT IS TRUE1 AS SOME SCI5TI/S HAVE E/IMAT$1 ?AT #i.0 ( BREA/ CANC]S >E UNRELAT$ TO G5ETICS BUT >E TRIGG]$ BY 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTION1 DIET & LIFE/YLE FACTORS4 ,SO :AT'S NEW8 ,CAPITALISM1 9DE$ CLASS-SOCIETY 9 G5]AL1 ALWAYS SEIZES ! LIV+ & TURNS IT 9TO PR(IT & P[]1 DECL>ES [N]%IP :]E PREVI\SLY !RE WAS ONLY LIFE3 FROM ! 5CLOSURE ( ! COMMONS TO ! SEIZ+ ( MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S FROM ,AFRICA TO BE SLAVES TO ! CURR5T LOOT+ ( TROPICAL BIODIV]SITY = USE 9 ! BIOTE* LABS4 

,CORNUCOPIA8 

  

,BUT TO RETURN TO ! ISSUE ( ! PRODUCTION ( AGRICULTURAL GOODS US+ ,G,M TE*NOLOGY1 AL?\< WE KN[ ?AT POV]TY IS NOT CAUS$ EI!R BY AN ACTUAL SC>CITY ( PHYSICAL NECESSITIES OR ANY 9ABILITY TO PRODUCE !M1 :AT AB\T ! CLAIM ( ! CORPORATIONS ?AT ,G,M WILL 9CREASE YIELDS & H5CE BE ( B5EFIT TO US HUMAN 9HABITANTS ( ,PLANET ,E>?1 IF ONLY BY R$UC+ PRICES8 ,IS EV5 ?AT TO BE BELIEV$8 ,WELL1 !RE >E PL5TY ( 9DICATIONS ?AT CLAIMS ( HUGE 9CREASES 9 YIELD >E SOME:AT EXAGG]AT$4 ,9 #aiig #c1 ACRES ( ,MONSANTO'S ,G,M ,R\NDUP ,READY COTTON FAIL$ 9 ,MISSISSIPPI4 ,GR[]S FAC$ @s#a1 9 LOSSES EA*4 ,9 #aiif ,MONSANTO'S ',NEW ,LEAF' ,G,M POTATOES 7CONTA9+ ! ,BT G5E7 W]E PLANT$ 9 ,GEORGIA 9 ! EX-,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,YIELD LOSS WAS UP TO #f#g.0 ( ! 5TIRE CROP4 ,MANY F>M]S W]E =C$ 9TO DEBT4 ,ALSO 9 #aiif #b MILLION ACRES ( ,MONSANTO'S ,G,M COTTON W]E PLANT$ 9 ! S\!RN ,U,S4 ,?IS CONTA9$ ! ,BT G5E ?AT IS SUPPOS$ TO MAKE IT IMMUNE TO ! BOLLWORM1 A MAJOR PE/ ( COTTON4 ,H[EV] NE>LY #e.0 ( ! ACREAGE PLANT$ SUFF]$ A SEV]E 9FE/ATION3 JU/ A FEW TEE?+ TR\BLES BE=E ! CORPORATIONS SAVE US ALL FROM HUNG] & 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION8 ,OR C\LD IT BE CLE> EVID5CE ?AT TALK ( 'FE$+ ! WORLD' ) ,G,M TE*NOLOGY IS PURE LIES & ONLY 9CREAS$ SALES & PR(ITS MATT]8 ,:ILE ?IS SY/EM1 BY ITS IRRATIONALITY1 PLUNGES MANY 9TO POV]TY IT ELEVATES O!RS TO GREAT WEAL?1 P[] & PRIVILEGE & !SE ELITES WILL DO ALL 9 !IR P[] TO MA9TA9 & EXT5D IT REG>DLESS ( ! CO/ TO HUMANS1 O!R SPECIES OR LIFE 9 G5]AL4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT :5 WE COME TO CONSID] \R RESPONSE TO ,G,M TE*NOLOGY1 ! LATE/ /AGE 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZATION ( FOOD PRODUCTION1 WE MU/ AIM TO BUILD AN AUTONOM\S1 COLLECTIVE1 REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSE RA!R ?AN BE+ DRAGG$ ONTO ! T]RA9 ( RE=MISM4 

,/EAL+ ,! ,WORLD 

  

,9 ,GREAT ,BRITA9 9 ! C5TURY LEAD+ UP TO ! ',9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION1 7#a#f#e-#a#g#e7 ! 'PEASANTRY' 7SMALL F>M]S PRACTIC+ SUBSI/5CE AGRICULTURE & H&ICRAFTS1 PRODUC+ SIGNIFICANT AM\NTS ( !IR [N WANTS7 WAS MORE OR LESS DE/ROY$ & REPLAC$ BY A SMALL NUMB] ( L>GE L&[N]S :O R5T$ \T F>MS TO T5ANTS :O EMPLOY$ WAGE LABOR & PRODUC$ = ! M>KET4 ,?IS IS ONE ( ! ORIG9S ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM4 ,! USE ( BIOTE*NOLOGY AS AN 9/RUM5T ( DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION HAS ITS HI/ORICAL ROOTS 9 ! ,WE/'S GREAT PLUND] ( ! RE/ ( ! WORLD 9 ! P]IOD ( COLONIALISM4 ,! COLONIALI/S REG>D$ ALL 9 !IR PA? - L&1 PLANTS1 ANIMALS & HUMANS - AS !IR PROP]TY3 COMMODITIES & TOOLS = ! ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? & P[]4 ,PLANT SPECIES1 SU* AS TEA & COTTON1 W]E S\<T \T1 TRANSPORT$ >\ND ! WORLD & GR[N AS VA/ MONOCULTURES ON PLANTATIONS4 ,! NATIVE COMMUNITIES W]E DECIMAT$ - CLE>$ FROM ! L&1 SLAU<T]$ OR TRAD$ AS SLAVES TO WORK ! PLANTATIONS4 ,ALL ?IS =C$ ! COLONIZ$ WORLD 9TO A POSITION ( DEP5D5CE & CAUS$ ECOLOGICAL IMBALANCES 9 :I* NUM]\S PLANT & ANIMAL SPECIES W]E LO/ =EV]4 

,G5ETICS 

  

,BIOTE*NOLOGY IS ! MANIPULATION ( LIV+ MATT] BY HUMANS TO SATISFY !IR NE$S = FOOD & M$IC9E4 ,IT IS AN ANCI5T PRACTICE 9CLUD+ CROP ROTATION1 CROSSBRE$+ & ! USE ( YEA/S 9 BREW+ & BAK+1 = EXAMPLE4 ,H[EV]1 BIOTE*NOLOGY UND] TE*NICALLY ADVANC$ CAPITALISM HAS BECOME A ME?OD ( CREAT+ & EXPLOIT+ UND]-DEVELOP$ C\NTRIES1 CAUS+ IMMEASURABLE & IRREV]SIBLE DAMAGE TO ! ECOLOGY ( ! PLANET & MAK+ VA/ PR(ITS = MULTI-NATIONAL COMPANIES4 ,9 ! CURR5T P]IOD ( NEOCOLONIALISM1 :]E DOM9ATION IS MA9TA9$ 9DIRECTLY ) ! CONNIVANCE ( ,WE/FRI5DLY LOCAL ELITES & ! ?REAT ( SANCTIONS1 BIOTE*NOLOGY IS US$ AS A MEANS ( P]FECT+ & EXT5D+ ! DOM9ATION ( WE/]N CAPITALISM4 ,BIOTE*NOLOGY 5ABLES ! GLOBAL CORPORATIONS ?AT CONTROL ! CA%-CROP MONOCULTURES ( ! MAJORITY WORLD TO SCI5TIFICALLY MANIPULATE SPECIES4 ,BIG ,FOOD IS G5ETICALLY 5G9E]+ 'SUP] BRE$S' TO BE GR[N 9 VA/ MONOCULTURES1 FUR!R 5DANG]+ ! DIV]SITY ( ANCI5T NATURAL V>IETIES & SPECIES4 ,ONLY A FEW C5TURIES AGO #e PLANTS W]E US$ AS FOOD2 TODAY AGRICULTURE USES #a#e4 ,BUT !SE MONOCULTURES1 WORK+ AGA9/ ! BASIC ECOLOGICAL PR9CIPLE ( DIV]SITY1 >E PRONE TO PE/S & DISEASES4 ,F>M]S !N HAVE TO TREAT !SE CROPS ) *EMICAL PE/ICIDES & H]BICIDES4 

,A ,COMMON ,TREASURY8 

  

,AN ESS5TIAL FACET ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM FROM ITS V]Y BEG9N+S UP TO ! PRES5T DAY IS ! DE/RUCTION ( SUBSI/5CE 9 ORD] TO =CE PEOPLE 9TO ! WORLD ( WAGE LABOR & ! M>KET4 ,ITS ORIG9 IS TO BE F\ND 9 AN 9T5SIFICATION & M>KETIZATION ( AGRICULTURE4 ,9 ORD] = 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM TO DEVELOP & COME TO DOM9ATE ! :OLE ( SOCIETY SUBSI/5CE HAD TO BE BROK54 ,ACCESS TO L& & ! ABILITY TO DIRECTLY SATISFY NE$S & DESIRES FROM ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T HAD TO BE D5I$ TO ! MAJORITY NOT JU/ 9 ORD] TO =CE PEOPLE TO 5GAGE 9 WAGE LABOR BUT ALSO TO CREATE AN \TLET = MANUFACTUR$ & TRAD$ GOODS4 ,BIOTE*NOLOGY UND] CAPITALISM GOES FUR!R & TAKES LIFE 9TO ITS [N H&S1 US+ ! LOGIC ( PR(ITABILITY AS ITS GUIDE4 ,IT MAKES LIFE EQUIVAL5T TO PROP]TY1 ?REAT5+ ! /ABILITY1 DIV]SITY & SPONTANEITY ( ! ECOLOGY ( \R PLANET ?AT HAS EVOLV$ OV] MILLIONS ( YE>S4 ,IT ]ODES ! RI* V>IETY ( SPECIES AVAILABLE TO US1 & \R FRE$OM TO DECIDE H[ WE 9T]ACT ) !M4 ,IT =CES MILLIONS 9TO DEP5D5CE1 POV]TY1 & />VATION ?R\< ! USE ( !IR L& = CA% CROPS = EXPORT1 L& ?AT !Y C\LD USE TO FE$ !MSELVES4 ,WE AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S SEE ?R\< ! GRE5 V5E] CAPITALISM IS BUSY GIV+ ITSELF4 ,WE SEE ?AT CAPITALISM IS ! 5EMY ( \R 5VIRONM5T1 \R AUTONOMY1 \R FRE$OM4 ,WE WORK = ITS D[NFALL4 

,Y\ POOR TAKE C\RAGE 

,Y\ RI* TAKE C>E 

,?IS L& WAS MADE A COMMON TREASURY 

,= EV]YONE TO %>E 

,! ,WORLD ,TURN$ ,UPSIDE ,D[N1 ,LEON ,ROSSELSON  

  

,TE*NOLOGY 

  

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO EXAM9E TE*NOLOGY 7! MA*9ES & TOOLS US$ BY SOCIETY1 & ! RELATIONS BETWE5 !M IMPLI$ BY !IR USE74 ,EXI/+ TE*NOLOGY IS R>ELY NEUTRAL -- IT HAS BE5 DEVELOP$ UND] & BY CAPITALISM = PR(IT 7EXPLOITATION7 & SOCIAL-ECONOMIC CONTROL4 ,TE*NOLOGY ALONE - SCI5CE1 RESE>*1 9NOVATION1 9V5TION -- IS !RE=E NOT JU/ A QUE/ION ( :O [NS OR CONTROLS IT BUT H[ IT IS US$3 A NUCLE> P[] /ATION CONTROLL$ BY ! WORK]S & COMMUNITY W\LD /ILL BE UNHEAL?Y & OPPRESSIVE4 

,IS ,TE*NOLOGY ,NEUTRAL8 

  

,?IS IS A VITAL QUE/ION = REVOLUTION>IES4 ,IF TE*NOLOGY IS NEUTRAL1 !N A SUCCESSFUL REVOLUTION WILL SOLVE \R CURR5T PROBLEMS -- ! OPPRESSIV5ESS ( WORKPLACES1 ! DANG]1 POLLUTION & SOCIAL DISLOCATION ( TRAFFIC1 & ! 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION ( 9DU/RY & AGRICULTURE CAN BE 5D$ BY US+ TE*NOLOGY 9 DIFF]5T WAYS4 ,BUT TE*NOLOGY IS A SOCIAL 9/ITUTION1 ?AT CAN EI!R 5HANCE OR LIMIT HUMAN LIFE1 EXP&+ OR DAMAG+ HUMAN ABILITIES & HEAL? 7& ! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T74 ,! SOCIAL RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION 7BOSS VS4 WORK]7 >E REFLECT$ 9 ! MA*9ES & TOOLS WE USE1 TE*NICS ?AT 9T]ACT ) & RE9=CE SOCIAL PATT]NS1 SU* AS MASS C> USE1 & CLASS SOCIETY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! HI]>*ICAL REGIM5TATION ( WORK]S1 AL?\< APPE>+ TO BE A 'NEUTRAL' NECESSITY >IS+ \T ( PRODUCTION TE*NIQUES1 IS A REFLECTION ( ! SOCIAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,! RUL+ CLASS IS CON/ANTLY MODIFY+ TE*NOLOGY1 DEVELOP+ NEW MA*9ES1 TOOLS & TE*NIQUES 9 RESPONSE TO WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,CONTA9]IZATION 75ABL+ GOODS TO BE EQUALLY TRANSF]ABLE BETWE5 %IP1 RAIL1 & ROADS7 WAS DEVELOP$ 9 RESPONSE TO ! P[] & ORGANIZATION ( DOCKWORK]S4 ,TE*NOLOGIES ?AT >E POT5TIALLY MORE LIB]AT+ >E SUPPRESS$4 ,= 9/ANCE1 SUCCESSIVE ,BRITI% GOV]NM5TS HAVE PUT MASSIVE FUNDS 9TO NUCLE> P[] & T9Y AM\NTS 9TO ! RESE>* & DEVELOPM5T ( R5EWABLE 5]GY RES\RCES SU* AS W9D1 SOL>1 TIDAL & GEO!RMAL 5]GY4 ,TO COMP\ND ?IS /RATEGY ( SABOTAGE1 ?IS PALTRY FUND+ HAS BE5 DELIB]ATELY *OPP$ AB\T1 SO ?AT RESE>* 9TO EA* 5]GY S\RCE NEV] PROGRESSES TOO F>1 OR UNTIL ! L>GE CORPORATIONS >E READY TO BUY UP ! PAT5TS4 ,?IS MEANS !Y WILL CONT9UE TO DOM9ATE ! 5]GY & TRANSPORTATION 9DU/RIES ( ! FUTURE4 ,L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RY NECESSITATES L>GE-SCALE C5TRALIZ$ 5]GY PRODUCTION FROM FOSSIL FUELS 7COAL1 OIL1 & GAS71 & NUCLE> P[]1 ) ! CONSEQU5T WA/E1 ACID RA91 RADIATION & GLOBAL W>M+4 ,WE NE$ TO DEVELOP A TE*NOLOGY ?AT EXT5DS HUMAN CAPABILITIES1 CAN BE CONTROLL$ BY ! COMMUNITY1 & IS ALSO FRI5DLY TO ! 5VIRONM5T1 AS P>T ( ! /RUGGLE = A FREE AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,SU* A G5U9E ALT]NATIVE TE*NOLOGY CAN ONLY BE DEVELOP$ ON A SIGNIFICANT SCALE 9 A NEW SOCIETY4 ,WORK]S & ! COMMUNITY WILL HAVE TO WEI< UP ! PROS & CONS ( DIFF]5T TE*NOLOGIES4 ,PEOPLE WILL HAVE TO DECIDE -- ?R\< NEW PO/-REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS WORK]-NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES ETC4 -- :I* TE*NOLOGIES TO USE1 :I* TO ADAPT OR LIMIT1 & :I* TO DISC>D4 

,FROM ,SCI5CE1 ,! ,MA*9E 

  

  

,TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION HAS BE5 US$ TO 9CREASE EFFICI5CY & MAXIMIZE PR(ITS1 YES1 BUT ALSO TO MA9TA9 & OPTIMIZE ! CONTROL ( BOSSES OV] WORK]S 7BO? 9 & \TSIDE ! WORKPLACE74 ,:]E PR(IT & CONTROL COME 9TO CONFLICT1 CONTROL IS USUALLY PRIORITIZ$1 AS A LOSS ( CONTROL PUTS PR(IT -- & ULTIMATELY ! BOSS CLASS ITSELF -- AT RISK4 ,TODAY'S TE*NOLOGICAL SOCIETY DATES FROM ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION & ! NEW SCI5CES ( ! #a#g? ,C5TURY4 ,! OLD IDEA ( ! WORLD AS ANIMI/IC 7ALIVE7 & ORGANIC WAS DISC>D$4 ,A NEW AB/RACT SCI5CE & A MODEL = RUL+ CLASS ORD] REPLAC$ IT3 ! ,MA*9E4 ,ORD] WAS ! PR$ICTABLE BEHAVIOR ( EA* P>T )9 A RATIONALLY DET]M9$ SY/EM ( LAWS4 ,P[] CAME FROM ACTIVE HUMAN 9T]V5TION4 ,ORD] & P[] CAME TOGE!R TO MAKE UP CONTROL3 RATIONAL CONTROL OV] NATURE1 SOCIETY & SELF4 

,MA*9ES W]E R>ELY ! REASON = SETT+ UP ! NEW FACTORIES1 :I* W]E A MANAG]IAL1 NOT A TE*NICAL NECESSITY4 ,?OSE 9V5T$ 9 ! E>LY YE>S ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION TO REPLACE H& LABOR DID ACCEL]ATE ! DEVELOPM5T ( FACTORIES3 ,>KWRI<T'S ,WAT] ,FRAME 7#a#g#f#h71 ,CROMPTON'S ,MULE 7#a#g#g#d71 ,C>TWRI<T'S ,P[] ,LOOM 7#a#g#h#d71 ,WATT'S ,/EAM ,5G9E 7#a#g#h#e74 ,BUT MO/ MANUFACTUR]S DID NOT ADOPT ! 'MO/ POT5T' SELF-ACT+ TOOLS & MA*9ES UNTIL !Y W]E =C$ TO DO SO3 /RIKES 9 ,MIDL&S FACTORIES L$ ! [N]S TO COMMISSION A FIRM ( MA*9I/S TO CON/RUCT A SELF-ACT+ MULE AT A CO/ ( ,G,B,P#a#c11 TO AVOID CONC$+ HI<] WAGES4 ,MA*9I/S *RI/5$ ! DREAD$ NEW MA*9E PAT5T$ 9 #ahc 0,! ,IRON ,MAN04 ,! FACTORY-BAS$ ORGANIZATION ( ! WEAV+ 9DU/RY DID NOT DEVELOP SIMPLY BECAUSE IT WAS MORE EFFICI5T4 ,MANY ( ! NEW MA*9ES W]E EXP5SIVE1 & W]E ONLY DEVELOP$ & 9TRODUC$ AFT] ! WEAV]S HAD BE5 CONC5TRAT$ 9TO ! FACTORIES1 FOLL[+ GREAT RESI/ANCE4 

,MU* WORK] RESI/ANCE TOOK ! =M ( MA*9E BREAK+4 ,! WRECK+ ( COALM9ES DUR+ WIDESPREAD RIOT+ 9 ,NOR?UMB]L& 9 #agd & FRAME BREAK+ 9 ! ,EA/ ,MIDL&S HOSI]Y TRADE >E EXAMPLES4 ,O!R WORK]S1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,LUDDITES1 OPPOS$ BO? ! NEW MA*9ES & ! NEW SOCIAL RELATIONS ( PRODUCTION !Y CREAT$4 ,MA*9ES ?REAT5$ EMPLOYM5T & ! RELATIVE FRE$OM1 DIGNITY & K9%IP ( ! CRAFT WORK]4 ,!RE WAS ALSO WIDESPREAD SUPPORT FROM O!R CLASSES1 SU* AS F>M]S1 :O W]E ?REAT5$ BY ! NEW AGRICULTURAL MA*9]Y4 ,BETWE5 #ahaa & #ahac ! GOV]NM5T WAS =C$ TO DEPLOY OV] #a#b1 TROOPS TO TACKLE ! ,LUDDITES3 A L>G] =CE ?AN ,WELL+TON'S >MY 9 ,SPA94 ,! ,LANCA%IRE MA*9E WRECK]S ( #ag< & #a< SP>$ SP9N+ J5NIES ( #bd SP9DLES OR LESS 7SUITABLE = DOME/IC PRODUCTION71 & DE/ROY$ L>G] ONES ?AT C\LD BE US$ 9 FACTORIES4 ,MA*9E BREAK]S WON MANY LOCAL CONFLICTS3 9 ,NORFOLK !Y SUCCE$$ 9 KEEP+ UP WAGES = A NUMB] ( YE>S4 ,WRECK+ DE/ROY$ ,JOHN ,KAY'S H\SE 9 #a#g#e#c1 ,H>GREAVE'S SP9N+ J5NIES 9 #a#g#f#h1 ,>KWRI<T'S MILLS 9 #a#g#g#f4 ,DUR+ ! WIDESPREAD SP9N+ /RIKES ( #a#h#a#h1 %UTTLES W]E LOCK$ 9 *APELS & WORK%OPS 9 ,MAN*E/]1 ,B>NSLEY1 ,BOLTON & O!R T[NS4 ,! ,LUDDITES W]E EV5TUALLY DEFEAT$ BY ! GA!R+ POLITICAL MOM5TUM ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM1 SUPPORT$ BY /RONG MILIT>Y =CE & TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE1 :I* *ANG$ ! COMPOSITION ( ! LABOR =CE4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ! L5G? ( SP9N+ MULES WAS 9CREAS$ TO R$UCE ! NUMB] ( WORK]S REQUIR$1 DISPLAC+ ADULT SP9N]S & 9CREAS+ ! NUMB] ( ASSI/ANTS1 ESPECIALLY *ILDR52 !SE *ANGES W]E MADE DESPITE BE+ V]Y CO/LY4 0,A NEW G5]ATION HAD 7N[7 GR[N UP :I* WAS 9UR$ TO ! DISCIPL9E & PRECISION ( ! MILL04 

,TE*NOLOGY ,TODAY 

  

,! NEUTRALITY ( SCI5CE & TE*NOLOGY IS A MY?4 ,SCI5CE IS US$ TO LEGITIMATE P[]1 TE*NOLOGY TO JU/IFY SOCIAL CONTROL4 ,! MY? IS :EEL$ \T :5 TE*NOLOGY COMES UND] FIRE E4G4 = CAUS+ 9DU/RIAL POLLUTION OR TRAFFIC CONGE/ION4 ,9ADEQUATE POLICIES OR UND]-DEVELOP$ TE*NOLOGY >E BLAM$ RA!R ?AN ! TE*NOLOGY ITSELF4 ,! SOLUTION IS A 0TE*NICAL FIX0 -- MORE ( ! SAME4 ,! IDEOLOGY ( 9DU/RIALIZATION IS ?AT MOD]NIZATION1 TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5T & SOCIAL DEVELOPM5T >E ! SAME4 ,IT IS US$ TO JU/IFY ! PURSUIT ( ECONOMIC GR[?1 ) ! EMPHASIS ON WEAL? G5]ATION RA!R ?AN ITS DI/RIBUTION4 

,?IS IDEOLOGY IS US$ TO SUPPRESS ! POT5TIAL = 9DIVIDUALSOCIAL EMANCIPATION (F]$ BY P>TICUL> MA*9ES SU* AS W9D P[] TE*NOLOGY 7I4E4 SMALL SCALE1 = LOCAL USE1 & COMMUNITY CONTROLL$71 & TO LEGITIMIZE !IR USE 9 WAYS ?AT >E SOCIALLY & 5VIRONM5TALLY EXPLOITATIVE 7L>GE SCALE W9D F>MS UND] /ATE_/PRIVATE CONTROL SUPPLY+ ! ,NATIONAL ,GRID74 ,TE*NOLOGICAL 9NOVATION IS US$ POLITICALLY1 BUT PRES5T$ 9 NEUTRAL TE*NICAL_/SCI5TIFIC T]MS SU* AS 09CREAS$ EFFICI5CY04 ,A MOD]N EXAMPLE MI<T BE ! 9TRODUCTION ( ASSEMBLY L9E PRODUCTION TE*NIQUES 9TO ! CON/RUCTION 9DU/RY2 OR A 'TE*NICAL SOLUTION' TO SOCIAL NE$S SU* AS ! DEVELOPM5T ( A NEW TRANSPORT SY/EM2 OR AS ! ECONOMIC 'RATIONALIZATION' ( \T ( DATE TE*NOLOGIES1 = 9/ANCE ! 9TRODUCTION ( NEW PR9T TE*NOLOGY BY ,RUP]T ,MURDO* AT ,WAPP+ :I* L$ TO ! PR9T]S' /RIKE ( #a#i#h#f_/#g4 ',WORK IMPROVEM5T' S*EMES SU* AS JOB 5RI*M5T ALL[ WORK]S A SAY 9 M9OR DECISIONS TO DIV]T !M FROM KEY >EAS SU* AS PAY & PRODUCTIVITY4 ,9NOVATION IS US$ AS A ?REAT TO BLACKMAIL SECTIONS ( ! WORK=CE 9TO P>TICUL> TASKS3 EMPLOY]S (T5 ?REAT5 FEMALE MA*9E WORK]S ?AT IF !IR DEM&S = EQUAL PAY ) M5 >E MET1 !Y WILL BE REPLAC$ BY MA*9ES4  

  

,SCI5CE HAS PRO/ITUT$ ITSELF TO ITS PAYMA/]1 BIG BUS9ESS1 & IS A DANG]\S P>TN] 9 *ANGE4 ,9 ! #a#h#h'S ,FR$]ICK ,W9SL[ ,TAYLOR 9V5T$ 'SCI5TIFIC MANAGEM5T' 7N[ KN[N AS ,TAYLORISM74 ,HE BELIEV$ ALL PRODUCTIVE PROCESSES C\LD BE BROK5 D[N 9TO HUNDR$S ( 9DIVIDUAL TASKS & EA* MADE MORE EFFICI5T ?R\< RIGOR\S MANAGEM5T & ! USE ( CONTROLL+ TE*NOLOGY4 ,A PRIME EXAMPLE IS ! ASSEMBLY L9E & IT IS NO CO9CID5CE ?AT ! GREAT 'SUCCESS' ( ,H5RY ,=D WAS BAS$ ON ! APPLICATION ( ,TAYLOR'S PR9CIPLES TO MASS AUTOMOBILE PRODUCTION4 ,:AT IS SURPRIS+ IS ?AT DUR+ ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS 5?USIA/ICALLY TOOK UP ,TAYLORISM4 ,L59 DESCRIB$ IT AS 0A COMB9ATION ( ! REF9$ BRUTALITY ( B\RGEOIS EXPLOITATION & A NUMB] ( ! GREATE/ SCI5TIFIC A*IEVEM5TS 9 ! FIELD ( ANALYZ+ ! ME*ANICAL MOTIONS ( WORK2 WE MU/ SY/EMATICALLY TRY IT \T & ADAPT IT TO \R [N 5DS40 ,A BELIEF 9 ! NEUTRALITY ( TE*NOLOGY1 & ?AT IT C\LD BE CONTROLL$ BY ! SCI5TIFIC & MANAG]IAL ELITES ( ! 'WORK]S' /ATE1 WAS ONE ( ! FACTORS LEAD+ TO ! CORRUPTION & EV5TUAL DE/RUCTION ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION4 ,BUT ,TAYLOR'S RESE>* HAS S9CE BE5 %[N TO BE :OLLY UNSCI5TIFIC4 ,HIS TIM$ /UDY TASKS W]E MADE ON AN ATYPICAL WORK] *OS5 = HIS L>GE SIZE1 GREAT /R5G?1 & G5]AL /UPIDITY4 ,TAYLORISM HAS L>GELY BE5 SUP]S$$ BY IDEAS AB\T 'JOB 5RI*M5T' AT WORK2 UN=TUNATELY1 SU* IDEAS >E EQUALLY UNSCI5TIFIC4 

,! OBJECTIVITY ( ! SCI5TIFIC ME?OD IS US$ TO MASK ! PROBLEMS CREAT$ BY ADVANC$ TE*NOLOGY & TO LEGITIMIZE ! POLICIES ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,! ,ROSKILL ,COMMISSION WAS SET UP 9 #aifi TO LOOK AT ! SIT+ ( A ?IRD ,LONDON AIRPORT4 ,! MASSES ( 'EXP]T EVID5CE' %[$ ?AT IT WAS LESS SOCIALLY DAMAG+ TO FLY L\D AIRCRAFT OV] WORK+ CLASS RA!R ?AN MIDDLE CLASS >EAS BECAUSE ( ! DIFF]5T EFFECTS ON PROP]TY VALUES4 ,TE*NOLOGICAL PROGRAMS >E PRES5T$ AS \TSIDE ! >EA ( POLITICAL DEBATE1 SO ONLY TE*NICAL OBJECTIONS >E ALL[$4 ,(FICIAL 9QUIRIES 9TO ! LOCATION ( MOTORWAYS & NUCLE> P[] /ATIONS CAN DISCUSS :]E !Y WILL CAUSE ! LEA/ 5VIRONM5TAL & SOCIAL DI/URBANCE BUT NOT :E!R !Y >E NE$$ 9 ! FIR/ PLACE OR :OSE 9T]E/S !Y S]VE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! TR5D IS TO PRES5T POLITICS AS A PURELY TE*NICAL OR MANAG]IAL ACTIVITY1 ) POLICIES ASSIGN$ MEASURABLE 'P]=MANCE T>GETS' BUT :I* IGNORE O!R SOCIAL CONSEQU5CES4 

,APPROPRIATE ,TE*NOLOGY3 ,9 ,:OSE ,H&S8 

  

,9 ! #a#i#fS & '#gS CRITICISM ( ! DOM9ANT TE*NOLOGICAL =MS L$ TO ! LIMIT$ DEVELOPM5T ( 'ALT]NATIVE'1 & LAT] 'APPROPRIATE'1 TE*NOLOGY4 ,ITS *>ACT]I/ICS >E M9IMAL USE ( NONR5EWABLE RES\RCES1 M9IMAL 5VIRONM5TAL 9T]F]5CE1 SUPPORT = REGIONAL_/LOCAL SELF-RELIANCE & ELIM9ATION ( ! ALI5ATION & EXPLOITATION ( LABOR4 ,EXAMPLES 9CLUD$ 5]GY PRODUCTION FROM 0S(T01 R5EWABLE RES\RCES SU* AS SOL>1 WAVE1 & W9D P[]4 ,H[EV]1 A G5U9E APPROPRIATE TE*NOLOGY CAN ONLY BE DEVELOP$ ON A SIGNIFICANT SCALE AFT] A REVOLUTION4 ,VE/$ 9T]E/S 7& ! M>G9AL /ATUS ( MO/ APPROPRIATE TE*NOLOGY SUPPORT]S7 WILL NOT ALL[ IT BE=E4 ,?IS IS ILLU/RAT$ BY ! ,BRITI% /ATE'S DELIB]ATE SABOTAGE ( PIONE]+ S(T 5]GY TE*NOLOGIES OV] ! LA/ TWO DECADES1 P>TICUL>LY WAVE P[]4 ,IT IS ONLY REC5TLY ?AT ! L>GE 5]GY CORPORATIONS & SUPPLI]S HAVE BEGUN TO BUILD W9D F>MS & BUY UP SOL> TE*NOLOGIES4 ,SUDD5LY GOV]NM5T SUBSIDIES >E ON ! 9CREASE4 ,WE WOND] :Y8 

,C>MAGG$ON -- ! POLITICS ( ! C> 

  

,CAPITALISM WANTS MOTOR TRAFFIC = PR(IT = ! ROAD LOBBY & = ! RAPID MOVEM5T ( GOODS & PEOPLE 7AS EI!R WORK]S OR CONSUM]S74 ,MOBILITY MADNESS ALSO D]IVES FROM ! NE$ ( BUS9ESS PEOPLE TO COMMUTE )9 & BETWE5 ! ZONES ( P[] 9 EA* CITY4 ,C>S >E IMPORTANT /ATUS & ID5TITY SYMBOLS4 ,!Y ALSO PROMISE 9DIVIDUALS ! FRE$OM TO GO :]E !Y WANT1 :5 !Y WANT4 ,?IS IS A B\RGEOIS FRE$OM ?AT IS ONLY A*IEV$ 7IF AT ALL7 AT ! EXP5SE ( O!RS1 AS P>T ( ! 'W> ( ALL AGA9/ ALL'4 ,O!R DRIV]S >E OB/ACLES & RE/RICTIONS TO ! 9DIVIDUALS 9ALI5ABLE RI<T ( MOVEM5T CONT9UALLY CONTE/$4 ,9 PRACTICE ( C\RSE1 ! NET RESULT IS MORE CONGE/ION & DELAYS1 9CREAS$ P$E/RIAN DANG] 7P>TICUL>LY = ! VULN]ABLE1 SU* AS WOM5 & *ILDR571 & FUR!R NOISE & AIR POLLUTION4 ,?IS 'FRE$OM' IS ALSO EMPTY BECAUSE ! EFFECT ( ! ACCOMPANY+ T>MAC1 CONCRETE & POLLUTION IS TO MAKE EV]Y:]E LIKE EV]Y:]E ELSE4 ,! 9ALI5ABLE RI<T TO FREE 7MOTOR7 MOVEM5T IS 5=C$ & GU>ANTE$ BY ! ,/ATE 7?R\< TRAFFIC LAWS & ROAD CON/RUCTION7 ?AT O!RS 7US7 MU/ OBEY4  

  

,ROADS-L$ DEVELOPM5T IS NOT CONF9$ TO ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ WORLD4 ,9 ORD] TO MEET ! DEM&S ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITAL1 MANY GOV]NM5TS >E PUMP+ BORR[$ MONEY 9TO 9FRA/RUCTURE S*EMES4 ,MO/ >E C5T]$ ON ROADS4 ,AMAZONIA 7:I* HAS ! MO/ EXT5SIVE NATIONAL WAT] TRANSPORT NETWORK 9 ! WORLD7 IS BE+ RAPIDLY COV]$ BY ROADS1 AS IS ! ,CONGO ,BAS94 ,! ,PAN-,AM]ICAN ,HI<WAY IS AN 5G9E]+ TRIUMPH WE >E TOLD1 BUT :O TALKS ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION FROM 'RIBBON DEVELOPM5T' ALONG ITS ?\S&S ( MILES8 ,EV5TUALLY ! ,E>? WILL HAVE BECOME ONE CONT95T41 ) MOTORI/S ABLE TO DRIVE FROM ,BU5OS ,AIRES TO ,CAPE ,T[N VIA ,NEW ,YORK & ,MOSC[4 ,= ! ,S\? ?IS WILL MEAN MORE COLONIZATION1 ! DISPLACEM5T ( PEOPLE & DISRUPTION ( LOCAL ECONOMIES1 ! RAPE ( ! 5VIRONM5T & ! DUBI\S B5EFITS ( CONSUM]ISM4 ,ALL OV] ! WORLD1 GOODS >E BE+ MOV$ EV] FA/] OV] EV]-GREAT] DI/ANCES4 ,AS TRANSPORT CO/S DECREASE1 COMPET+ FIRMS SEEK TO SELL ID5TICAL PRODUCTS 9 EA* O!R'S T]RITORY4 ,MANUFACTUR]S GO F>!R TO F9D ! *EAPE/ SUPPLI] ( COMPON5TS4 ,WORK]S COMMUTE EV] FUR!R TO WORK4 ,! RESULT IS LESS AN IMPROVEM5T 9 ! QUANTITY ( COMMODITIES AVAILABLE & MORE AN 9CREASE 9 TRAVEL & TRAFFIC4 ,PEOPLE WILL HAVE TO TRAVEL FUR!R TO WORK OR TO %OP1 VISIT RELATIVES OR HOLIDAY 9 LESS SPOIL$ RESORTS4 

,ORIG9S ( ,TRAFFIC ,SY/EM 

  

,NIKOLAI ,KONDRATIEV1 A ,M>XI/ WRIT+ 9 ! #a#i#bS1 POSIT$ ! ,KONDRATIEV CYCLE1 :I* >GU$ ?AT 9DU/RIAL ECONOMIES EXP& & CONTRACT 9 WAVES ( AB\T #e YE>S4 ,&REW ,TYLECOTE SUGGE/$ ?AT EA* BOOM P]IOD FEATUR$ A 0NEW TE*NOLOGICAL /YLE0 ASSOCIAT$ ) A =M ( TRANSPORTATION4 ,! 5D ( ! #a#h? C5TURY 9 ,BRITA9 SAW ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! CANAL SY/EM1 ! BOOM ( #a#h#d#d-#g ! EM]G+ RAIL NETWORK & SO ON4 ,AFT] ,WORLD ,W> ,TWO1 ,=DISM -- ! TRANSNATIONAL1 OIL-BAS$ ECONOMY ( C>S & MOTORWAYS1 SUP]-TANK]S & AIRPLANES -- CAME 9TO ITS [N4 ,!SE !ORIES SUGGE/ ?AT AN ECONOMY EXP&S UNTIL IT REA*ES ! LIMITS ( ITS DI/RIBUTION SY/EM4 ,SLUMPS T5D TO BE CAUS$ BY GLUT3 ! 9ABILITY TO %IFT 7RA!R ?AN PRODUCE7 GOODS4 ,ECONOMIC GR[? & /ABILITY1 !N1 CAN BE SAFEGU>D$ BY 9VE/+ 9 NEW TRANSPORT SY/EMS ?AT REA* EV]-L>G] M>KETS4 ,:ATEV] ! VALIDITY ( ?IS !ORY1 ! RUL+ CLASS IS (T5 RU?LESS 9 ITS ELIM9ATION ( OLD TRANSPORT SY/EMS 9 ORD] TO 9TRODUCE NEW ONES4 ,NO SOON] HAD ! ,BRITI% CANAL SY/EM BE5 DEVELOP$1 AT GREAT EXP5SE1 ?AN IT WAS JUDG$ OBSOLETE4 ,! NEW RAIL COMPANIES1 FLU% ) 9VE/ORS' MONEY1 B\<T UP CANALS & CLOS$ !M D[N4 ,)9 A FEW DECADES ! CANAL SY/EM WAS MORIBUND & ,BRITA9 WAS COV]$ 9 RAILWAYS4 

,MOTORIZATION - ,! ,AM]ICAN ,WAY 

  

,9 #a#i#b#e1 ! ,G5]AL ,MOTORS ,CORPORATION SET AB\T SY/EMATICALLY DE/ROY+ NON-MOTOR TRANSPORT SY/EMS 9 ,AM]ICA4 ,!Y B\<T UP ! L>GE/ MANUFACTUR] ( URBAN & 9T]URBAN BUSSES 9 ! ,U,S4 ,9 #aibf !Y SET UP ! ,MOTOR ,TRANSIT ,CORPORATION 7:I* BECAME ,GREYH\ND71 :I* AGRE$ TO PUR*ASE ALL ITS EQUIPM5T FROM ,G,M4 ,G5]AL ,MOTORS !N B\<T UP ALL POSSIBLE COMPETITORS1 DE/ROY+ ! COMMUT] S]VICES ( ,P5NSYLVANIA1 ,NEW ,YORK & ,CONNECTICUT4 ,9 CITIES1 ! ONLY WAY ?AT A NEW M>KET = ! BUSSES C\LD BE CREAT$ WAS = ,G,M TO F9ANCE ! CONV]SION ( ELECTRICAL TRAMWAY SY/EMS TO MOTORBUSES4 ,TRAMWAYS W]E B\<T1 CONV]T$ TO BUSSES1 !N SOLD TO LOCAL COMPANIES ?AT W]E COMPELL$ TO BUY ,G5]AL ,MOTORS EQUIPM5T4 ,?IS CONT9U$ UNTIL #a#i#c#e1 :5 ! ,AM]ICAN ,TRANSIT ,ASSOCIATION EXPOS$ ,G,MS *ICAN]Y4 ,COMPANY EXECUTIVES & EMPLOYES !N 09DEP5D5TLY0 SET UP ANO!R HOLD+ COMPANY ) O!R C> & OIL COMPANIES1 ,NATIONAL ,CITY ,L9ES1 9 #a#i#c#f4 ,ONCE MORE LOCAL COMPANIES W]E =C$ TO AGREE TO BUY ONLY NEW VEHICLES ?AT US$ ,G,M_/,/&>D ,OIL PRODUCTS & ,FIRE/ONE TIRES4 ,9 #aicf ,G,M ALSO SET UP A COMPANY ) ,/&>D ,OIL & ,FIRE/ONE ,TIRES ?AT B\<T UP ,U,S TRA9 COMPANIES & CLOS$ !M D[N4 ,BY #aief OV] #a ELECTRIC SURFACE RAIL SY/EMS 9 #de CITIES HAD BE5 ACQUIR$ & CLOS$ D[N4 ,BE=E ! MOTORIZATION ( ,CALI=NIA BY ,G,M1 ,LOS ,ANGELES WAS A BEAUTIFUL CITY ( LU% PALM TREES1 FRAGRANT ORANGE GROVES & OCEAN AIR4  

  

,N[ IT IS A WA/EL&4 ,TREES >E DY+ 9 A PETRO-*EMICAL SMOG4 ,ORANGE GROVES1 POLLUT$ BY LEAD FROM PETROL FUMES1 W]E PAV$ OV] = #c MILES ( FREEWAYS4 ,! AIR IS A CESSPIT 9TO :I* F\R MILLION C>S DAILY PUMP #a#c1 TONS ( POLLUTANTS4 ,FIFTY YE>S AFT] ! ,AM]ICAN ROAD LOBBY />T$ WORK1 ! ,U,S TRANSPORT SY/EM IS A NI<TM>E4 ,P$E/RIANS & CYCLI/S HAVE BE5 BULLI$ (F ! /REETS1 RAILWAYS HAVE ALMO/ VANI%$1 & HALF ! >EA ( MO/ CITIES CONSI/S ( ROADS & P>K+ LOTS4 ,! ROAD LOBBY BANKROLLS MANY POLITICIANS TO VOTE AGA9/ CLEAN AIR & FUEL EFFICI5CY1 MAK+ ,AM]ICAN C>S ! MO/ WA/EFUL 9 ! WE/]N WORLD4 

,MOTORIZATION ,9 ,! ,U,K 

  

,9 ,BRITA91 ! ROAD LOBBY IS REPRES5T$ BY ! ,BRITI% ,ROAD ,F$]ATION1 F\ND$ 9 ! #a#i#cS TO 0COMBAT ! S9I/] & DI/ORT$ PROPAG&A ( ! RAILWAYS TO 5?RALL$ ,BRITI% ,9DU/RY04 ,IT IS A COALITION ( C> MAK]S SU* AS ,=D1 MOTOR ORGANIZATIONS SU* AS ! ,A,A & ,R,A,C1 ROAD BUILD]S1 OIL COMPANIES1 LORRY OP]ATORS 7E4G4 ! ,FREI<T ,TRANSPORT ,ASSOCIATION7 & BIG BUS9ESS4 ,!Y ALL BELIEVE ECONOMIC GR[? & PR(IT DEP5DS ON HAV+ AN EFFICI5T ROAD NETWORK1 A BELIEF %>$ BY GOV]NM5T ?R\< ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,TRANSPORT4 ,IT WAS A ,LABOR GOV]NM5T ?AT />T$ ! DEMOLITION ( ! RAILWAY SY/EM4 ,SOME #d#f.0 ( ! TRACK WAS TORN UP & MU* ( ! RE/ RUN D[N4 ,! ,TORY ,GOV]NM5T ( ! #a#i#iS CONT9U$ ! WORK4 ,! ROAD LOBBY WAS 9 ! VANGU>D ( RAIL PRIVATIZATION1 AN ASSET-/RIPP+ BONANZA TO DW>F ?AT ( ! BUSSES4 ,! /RATEGY ( ! ROAD LOBBY IS TO CONT9UALLY UP !IR DEM&S4 ,IF ! ROAD IS A S+LE LANE1 DUAL IT4 ,IF DUAL LANE ALREADY1 GIVE IT ?REE LANES OR F\R4 ,IF SOME:]E DOESN'T HAVE A BY-PASS1 GIVE IT ONE4 ,IF !RE IS ONE TO ! S\?1 GIVE IT ONE TO ! NOR?4 ,IF IT HAS AN ORBITAL ROAD BUILD ANO!R1 & SO ON4 ,ADDITIONALLY1 NO ROAD CAN BE BUILT )\T GRABB+ HUGE ACREAGES ( L& ALONGSIDE = 09FRA/RUCTURE03 HYP]M>KETS1 9DU/RIAL E/ATES1 COMMUT] H\S+ & SO ON4 ,?IS 9 TURN CREATES LOADS MORE TRAFFIC1 REQUIR+ ! ROAD BUILT A FEW YE>S AGO TO BE EXP&$2 & SO ! CYCLE ( 'DEVELOPM5T' GOES ON4 

,! ,CONSEQU5CES ( ,MOTORIZATION 

  

,9 ! PA/1 CITIES & T[NS W]E BUILT TO ! SCALE ( ! WALK+ P]SON1 & P$E/RIANS1 VEHICLE US]S1 HORSE1 C>T1 C>RIAGE1 CYCLE1 BUS1 C>1 LORRY ALL HAD ! SAME PHYSICAL ACCESS TO BUILD+S4 ,?IS EQUALITY HAS DISAPPE>$ ) ! 9CREAS+ SPE$ 7& VOLUME7 ( MOTOR TRAFFIC4 ,ALONG MA9 >T]IAL ROADS B>RI]S >E PUT UP TO SPE$ TRAFFIC FL[2 !Y ALSO PREV5T P$E/RIANS FROM CROSS+ & MOTORI/S FROM P>K+ SO C> US]S & BUS PASS5G]S CAN NO LONG] USE LOCAL %OPS4 ,! NEXT /AGE IS ?AT A HYP]M>KET OP5S ELSE:]E KILL+ (F SMALL %OPS & =C+ P$E/RIANS & BUS US]S TO %OP !RE OR GO TO ! MORE EXP5SIVE %OP ON !IR E/ATE 7) ITS MONOPOLY ( LOCAL TRADE74 ,CITIES BECOME COMP>TM5TALIZ$1 >EA BY >EA4 ,AT ! CORE IS A HO/ILE CITY C5T] DEF5D$ BY AN URBAN MOTORWAY1 ITS 9HABITANTS GONE4 ,IT IS SURR\ND$ BY A S]IES ( NEI<BORHOODS HEMM$ 9 BY FA/-MOV+ TRAFFIC ON LONG >T]IAL ROADS C>RY+ COMMUT]S & FREI<T BACK & =?4 ,PEOPLE CAN ONLY 5T] OR LEAVE ! CITY AT CONTROLL$ PO9TS4 ,! CITY IS FRAGM5T$1 ) NO 9T]-CONNECTIVITY BETWE5 COMMUNITIES OR PEOPLE4 ,FUR!R \T A S]IES ( SCATT]$ 5CAMPM5TS - ! \T] SUBURBS -- CLU/] ! R+ ROAD4 ,CITIES DEVOID ( LIFE1 ) TRAFFIC 5DLESSLY CIRCULAT+ >\ND R+ ROADS4 ,! POOR FROM DIFF]5T >EAS NEV] MEET1 LEAD+ TOTALLY SEP>ATE EXI/5CES4 ,?\S&S ( PEOPLE LIVE 9 !IR [N NI*E )9 NEI<BORHOODS1 ISOLAT$ & ATOMIZ$ 9 !IR [N HOMES4 

,! ,/RUGGLE ,= ,SPACE 

  

,=MS ( TRANSPORT OCCUPY SPACE & ! FA/] !Y >E ! MORE SPACE !Y NE$4 ,A C> TRAVEL+ #d KILOMET]S P] H\R 7KPH7 REQUIRES MORE ?AN #c TIMES AS MU* SPACE AS ONE TRAVEL+ AT #aKPH2 A S+LE P]SON DRIV+ A C> AT #aKPH NE$S #f TIMES AS MU* SPACE AS A CYCLI/ TRAVEL+ AT ! SAME SPE$4 ,G]MANY'S C>S 79CLUD+ DRIV+ & P>K+7 COMM&E] #cg SQU>E KILOMET]S ( SPACE1 #f.0 MORE ?AN ?AT OCCUPI$ BY H\S+4 ,EA* ,G]MAN C> IS RESPONSIBLE = #b SQU>E KILOMET]S ( T>MAC & CONCRETE4 ,! RADIUS ( ACTIVITY ( ! WELL-(F HAS EXP&$ IMMEASURABLY OV] ! LA/ #c YE>S2 ?AT ( ! POOR HAS *ANG$ V]Y LITTLE4 ,! EMPHASIS ON SPE$ & 0TIME SAV+0 LEADS TO TRANSPORT & PLANN+ POLICIES :]E BASIC FACILITIES SU* AS %OPS1 S*OOLS1 LEISURE & WORK >E SPAC$ WIDELY AP>T4 ,MO/ PEOPLE FEEL ?AT !Y HAVE LESS TIME DESPITE FA/] MEANS ( TRANSPORT4 ,C> [N]%IP CANNOT BE UNIV]SAL1 EV5 IF WE =GET ! L>GE-SCALE 7ANTI-7 SOCIAL EFFECTS ( C>S4 ,!RE IS 9SUFFICI5T SPACE = ! ROADS & P>K+ ?AT SU* A LEVEL ( C> [N]%IP W\LD MEAN4 ,!RE >E ALREADY EXT5SIVE PROBLEMS ) C>S1 DESPITE #c#e.0 ( ! POPULATION NOT EV5 HAV+ A C> = REASONS ( AGE1 DISABILITY1 POV]TY1 OR *OICE4 

,HEAL? 

  

,EXHAU/ FUMES 7C>BON DIOXIDE1 SULFUR DIOXIDE1 NITROG5 DIOXIDE1 C>BON MONOXIDE1 HYDROC>BONS7 >E A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO GLOBAL W>M+ & ACID RA91 & CAUSE MU* ILL HEAL? & 5VIRONM5TAL DAMAGE4 ,! AV]AGE C> POLLUTES MORE ?AN TWO BILLION CUBIC MET]S ( AIR 9 ITS LIFE4 ,9 ,BRITA9 EMISSIONS FROM C> EXHAU/S HAVE 9CREAS$ BY #g#c.0 S9CE #a#i#h#a2 A #aiic GOV]NM5T /UDY F\ND #ai MILLION PEOPLE 9 ,BRITA9 W]E EXPOS$ TO POLLUTION EXCE$+ ,E,U GUIDEL9ES4 ,9 #aife !RE W]E #h MILLION C>S 9 ,BRITA92 BY #bbe #cf MILLION >E PR$ICT$4 ,*ILDR5 & ! ELD]LY >E P>TICUL>LY AT RISK FROM EXHAU/ POLLUTION1 :I* CAUSES A/HMA & BRON*ITIS4 ,GRE5PEACE ,9T]NATIONAL CALCULATES #g4#e MILLION ELD]LY PEOPLE >E AT RISK & #i MILLION *ILDR54 ,A/HMA IS ONE ( ! FEW TREATABLE *RONIC DISEASES 9CREAS+ 9 ,WE/]N C\NTRIES4 ,*ILDR5 >E MORE VULN]ABLE BECAUSE !Y EX]CISE MORE & SO BREA! 9 MORE AIR2 #a4#fM PEOPLE DIE ( AIR POLLUTION EA* YE>1 MANY *ILDR54 ,! NUMB] ( Y\NG *ILDR5 ADMITT$ TO HOSPITAL ) SEV]E A/HMA ATTACKS HAS 9CREAS$ #ac TIMES S9CE #a#i#f4 ,IT IS ! GREATE/ S+LE CAUSE ( HOSPITAL ADMISSIONS AFT] HE>T DISEASE & /ROKE4 

,PUBLIC ,TRANSPORT 

  

,! ]OSION ( PUBLIC TRANSPORT 9 ,BRITA9 7& ELSE:]E7 IS A BASIC CONSEQU5CE ( MASS C> USE4 ,9 ! #a#i#fS & #a#i#gS1 ONE ?IRD ( ! #a#g1 MILES ( RAILWAYS W]E AX$ & #d.0 ( /ATIONS CLOS$4 ,MASS C> USE SABOTAGES PUBLIC TRANSPORT ?R\< ! ALLOCATION ( FUND+1 COMPETITION = SPACE1 & LOSS ( IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT4 ,C>S COMPETE ) BUSSES = SPACE & SL[ !M D[N4 ,ONE BUS OR COA* C>RIES ON AV]AGE ! PASS5G] EQUIVAL5T ( #bb C>S1 TAK+ UP A SEV5? ( ! SPACE4 ,( PEOPLE GO+ TO WORK 9 C5TRAL ,LONDON BY ROAD1 BETWE5 TWICE AS MANY TRAVEL BY C> ?AN BY BUS3 #a#c1 C>S RA!R ?AN #c1 BUSSES4 ,MASS C> USE HAS IMP$$ ! POSSIBILITY ( AN ADEQUATE PUBLIC TRANSPORT SY/EM4 ,! PASS5G] REV5UE FROM BUSSES 9 #aihh WAS ,G,B,P#b4#e#hBN & ?AT FROM TRA9S WAS ,G,B,P#b4#a#iBN4 ,( ?AT1 ONLY #b.0 WAS GOV]NM5T SUBSIDY4 ,GOV]NM5T SUBSIDIES = PUBLIC TRANSPORT HAVE BE5 CUT BACK MORE & MORE BY BO? ,LABOR & ,CONS]VATIVES1 RESULT+ 9 FEW] /AFF1 & LESS SP5D+ ON NEW EQUIPM5T4 ,?IS HAS S]I\S IMPLICATIONS = SAFETY4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ,JOHN ,PRESCOTT PROMIS$ AFT] ! ,CLAPHAM RAIL DISA/] TO SPE$ UP 9TRODUCTION ( ! ,A,T,P AUTOMATIC SIGNAL+ SY/EM BUT ,NEW ,LABOR LAT] DUMP$ IT4 ,O!R EFFECTS 9CLUDE OLD] /OCK 7LESS EFFICI5T1 MORE DANG]\S71 FEW] R\TES1 OV]CR[D+ & HI<] F>ES4 ,PRIVATIZATION & ! P]CEIV$ NE$ TO R$UCE PUBLIC SUBSIDY 5SURE ?AT 9VE/M5T IS FOCUS$ ONLY ON PR(ITABLE P>TS ( ! PUBLIC TRANSPORT NETWORKS AT ! EXP5SE ( ! POOR1 RURAL REGIONS & ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 !RE IS A LACK ( IMAG9ATION AB\T :AT SU* A SY/EM C\LD BE4 ,IDEAS = IMPROVEM5TS C\LD 9CLUDE3 LOCAT+ MORE /OPS NE> HOMES1 MAK+ ! SY/EM CLEAN]1 MORE REGUL> & SAF]1 & PROVID+ GREAT] ACCESS = PEOPLE ) DISABILITIES & *ILDR54 

,DANG]\S ,PLACES 

  

,?OSE )\T C>S 7#c#e.0 ( ! POPULATION 9 ! ,U,K7 & ?OSE :O DO NOT HAVE ACCESS TO !M DUR+ ! DAY1 MU/ SP5D TIME SE>*+ = O!R FACILITIES1 WAIT+ = BUSSES1 TRA9S OR FRI5DS :O CAN GIVE !M LIFTS OR WALK+4 ,! WORK+ CLASS1 WOM51 *ILDR5 & PEOPLE ) DISABILITIES >E P>TICUL>LY AFFECT$4 ,= WOM5 TRAVEL+ ALONE AFT] D>K !RE >E ! POT5TIAL DANG]S ( WAIT+ AT BUS /OPS1 = LATE TRA9S 7MORE DANG]\S AFT] YE>S ( CUTS RESULT+ 9 LACK ( GU>DS & CONDUCTORS71 OR US+ UND]PASSES ?AT PRIORITIZE ! MOTORI/ AT ! EXP5SE ( ! P$E/RIAN4 ,WOM5 >E ALSO MORE LIKELY TO HAVE ! MA9 RESPONSIBILITY = *ILDR5 9 HO/ILE URBAN 5VIRONM5TS 79CLUD+ ESCORT+ DUTIES NECESSITAT$ BY ! DANG] FROM TRAFFIC74 ,9 ,BRITA9 WOM5 SP5D ?\S&S ( H\RS ESCORT+ *ILDR51 AT A CO/ ( ,G,B,P#a BILLION A YE> 7US+ ,DEP>TM5T ( ,TRANSPORT CO/ B5EFIT CRIT]IA74  

  

,! ,5D ( ,COMMUNITY 

  

,ORD9>Y BUT DIV]SE CONTACT IS IMPORTANT = PEOPLE'S WELL BE+4 ,TRAFFIC AFFECTS ! NUMB] ( FRI5DS & ACQUA9TANCES ?AT PEOPLE HAVE - ! MORE ! TRAFFIC1 ! LESS ! CONTACTS4 ,/REETS ) LI<T TRAFFIC 7>\ND #b VEHICLES A YE>7 HAVE CLOSE KNIT COMMUNITIES :]E RESID5TS MAKE FULL USE ( ! /REET - SITT+ & *ATT+ ON FRONT /EPS1 *ILDR5 US+ PAVEM5TS = PLAY & TE5AG]S & ADULTS HANG+ \T & *ATT+ ON ! /REET4 ,) M$IUM TRAFFIC FL[ 7AB\T #h VEHICLES A YE>7 !RE IS A DECL9E 9 /REET USE1 ?\< FRI5DL9ESS & 9VOLVEM5T REMA94 ,) HEAVY TRAFFIC FL[ 7OV] #af VEHICLES A YE>7 ! /REET IS US$ SOLELY AS A CORRIDOR BETWE5 ! SANCTU>Y ( 9DIVIDUAL HOMES & ! \TSIDE WORLD4 ,!RE IS NO FEEL+ ( COMMUNITY & RESID5TS KEEP TO !MSELVES1 LEAD+ TO ISOLATION & ALI5ATION4 ,MOTORI/S VIEW P$E/RIANS1 CYCLI/S & *ILDR5 PLAY+ 9 ! /REET AS 9TRUD+ ON !IR SPACE4 ,AS ! VOLUME 7& SPE$7 ( TRAFFIC 9CREASES1 !IR ATTITUDE BECOMES MORE RU?LESS4 ,PEOPLE'S USE ( ! PAVEM5T IS ! NEXT TO GO1 DUE TO ! NOISE1 AIR POLLUTION & VIBRATION CAUS$4 ,! /REET LOSES ITS ATTRACTION = PEOPLE - *ILDR5 AB&ON !IR PLAY SPACE 7& ADULTS KEEP !M 9SIDE71 & ADULTS DRIVE RA!R ?AN WALK4 ,) HEAVY TRAFFIC RESID5TS AB&ON !IR FRONT G>D5S & FRONT ROOMS 9 A RETREAT FROM VIBRATION & NOISE4 ,PEOPLE AB&ON !IR HOMES1 MOV+ TO QUIET] >EAS4 ,POOR] PEOPLE >E LEFT BEH9D1 TRAPP$ & CONDEMN$ TO BLI<T4 ,MORE POOR PEOPLE REPLACE ! REFUGEES1 ?OSE :O CAN'T AF=D TO BUY OR R5T ELSE:]E4 ,! /REET IS N[ DES]T$ & ALI5ATION LEADS TO GREAT] ANTI-SOCIAL CRIME4 ,AS !FTS & ASSAULTS 9CREASE1 PEOPLE TAKE REFUGE 9 C>S1 PUTT+ ANO!R TWI/ ON ! D[NW>D SPIRAL4 

,C>S @& ,PEOPLE3 ,! ,ROAD ,SAFETY ,MY? 

  

  

,UNTIL ! #a#i#cS ROAD SAFETY WAS NOT SE5 AS A PROBLEM CAUS$ BY MOTORI/S4 ,BUT AS TRAFFIC 9CREAS$ 9 VOLUME & SPE$1 PEOPLE BEGAN TO GET CONC]N$4 ,ROAD SAFETY IDEAS W]E BR\<T 9 BAS$ ON $UCATION1 5G9E]+ & 5=CEM5T4 ,EV] S9CE1 'ROAD SAFETY' HAS BE5 ! T]RITORY ( PR(ESSIONALS SU* AS ROAD SAFETY (FIC]S1 ROAD & VEHICLE 5G9E]S1 TRAFFIC POLICE1 DOCTORS1 LAWY]S & ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,TRANSPORT4 ,! ROAD SAFETY LOBBY HAS SUCCE$$ 9 SUPPRESS+ ! E>LI] ANG] & HO/ILITY AGA9/ MOTORIZATION BY LEGITIMIZ+ ! DANG] IT CREATES & !N CREAT+ AN 9DU/RY D$ICAT$ TO R$UC+ ! NUMB] & SEV]ITY ( ACCID5TS4 

,BECAUSE ( !IR PRO-C> BIAS1 MANY 'ROAD SAFETY' MEASURES 9 FACT PRODUCE ! OPPOSITE EFFECT3 0,EV]Y?+ ?AT SUPPOS$LY PRODUCES MORE DANG] 9 FACT PRODUCES MORE SAFETY444 & EV]Y?+ ?AT IS SUPPOS$ TO PRODUCE MORE SAFETY PRODUCES MORE DANG]444 ,BETT] ROADS1 BETT] SI<T L9ES1 FEW] B5DS & BL9D CORN]S1 LESS TRAFFIC2 BETT] LI<T+1 BETT] WEA!R CONDITIONS444 MAKE GREAT] DANG]444 BECAUSE EV]Y 0NONRE/RICTIVE0 SAFETY MEASURE1 H[EV] ADMIRABLE BY ITSELF1 IS TREAT$ BY DRIV]S AS AN OPPORTUNITY = MORE SPE$+1 SO ?AT ! NET AM\NT ( DANG] IS 9CREAS$04 ,! LOBBY'S ME?OD IS TO USE EXCESSIVE DETAIL TO OBSCURE ! HUMAN & ECONOMIC CO/S ( MOTORIZATION4 ,! REAL CO/ ( MOTORIZATION IS AT LEA/ ,G,B,P#c BILLION MORE ?AN MOTORI/S PAY4 ,:ILE CO/S = CONGE/ION1 ACCID5TS1 ROAD-BUILD+ & MA9T5ANCE >E 9CLUD$1 ! LOSS ( REV5UE TO PUBLIC TRANSPORT1 ! BUS9ESS & HEAL? CO/S ( /RESS1 AIR POLLUTION & NOISE >E NOT4 ,! HEAL? DIS-B5EFITS ( MASS C> USE DW>F ! NUMB]S 9JUR$ & KILL$ ON ROADS2 !Y >E NOT 9CLUD$ 9 ROAD SAFETY RESE>* & DISCUSSION4 ,! RULES ( ! GAME >E BIAS$ 9 FAVOR ( ! MOTORI/ & AGA9/ ! RE/ ( SOCIETY4 ,AL?\< SPE$ IS A MAJOR CAUSE ( ACCID5TS1 ! ,DO,T REG>DS SPE$ R$UCTION AS BAD BECAUSE IT CREATES FRU/RAT$ MOTORI/S :O ACT 0AGGRESSIVELY & IRRESPONSIBLY04 ,P$E/RIANS 0MAY TAKE LIB]TIES ) SL[-MOV+ TRAFFIC ?AT !Y W\LD NOT TAKE ) FA/] TRAFFIC4 ,A MO!R :O W\LD NEV] DREAM ( :EEL+ H] PU%*AIR ACROSS AN URBAN FREEWAY MAY BE TEMPT$ TO DO JU/ ?AT 9 A CITY /REET04 ,:AT A *EEK - A P$E/RIAN TRY+ TO CROSS ! ROAD6 ,! ,DO,T'S MOTOR BIAS LEADS IT TO /& TRU? ON ITS HEAD4 ,IT SAYS1 0,TRAVEL+ BY C> OR BUS IS SAF] ?AN WALK+04 ,SAF] = :OM8 ,9 #a#i#i1 ?REE O!R ROAD US]S W]E KILL$ 9 ACCID5TS 9VOLV+ P$E/RIANS4 ,C>S KILL$ #aad P$E/RIANS4 

,SAFETY3 ,FALSE ,SOLUTIONS 

  

,GOV]NM5T'S APPROA* TO SAFETY IS NOT TO ADDRESS ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEM - HEAVY1 FA/-MOV+ TRAFFIC - BUT TO 5=CE ! SEGREGATION ( PEOPLE & C>S4 ,?IS MEANS FOOTWAYS & P$E/RIANIZATION = WALK]S1 BIKE PA?S & LANES = CYCLI/S4 ,MOTORWAYS 9 ,BRITA9 />T$ AS A MEANS ( SEP>AT+ P$E/RIANS FROM ! MOTOR DANG] POS$ BY C>S4 ,EXP]I5CE %[S H[EV] ?AT ! ONLY ROAD-US] GR\PS TO GA9 SUB/ANTIALLY FROM SEGREGATION >E C> & LORRY DRIV]S4 ,C>S HAVE AN IMM5SE GRE$ = SPACE ?AT EXP&S AS OPPORTUNITY >ISES1 NULLIFY+ ALL BUT ! MO/ RADICAL 7TOTAL7 SAFETY /RATEGIES = P$E/RIANS & CYCLI/S4 ,BECAUSE 'SOLUTIONS' >E DEVIS$ ALWAYS ) C>S 9 M9D1 !Y (T5 CAUSE MORE PROBLEMS4 ,PAVEM5TS MU/ BE PROTECT$ FROM C>S SO ! SOLUTION IS TO BUILD RAILS ALONG !M1 NOT TO SL[ ! C>S D[N4 ,SUBWAYS >E RI<TLY HAT$ = !IR REAL & P]CEIV$ DANG]4 ,VISIBILITY & SURVEILLANCE >E USUALLY POOR1 & !Y >E (T5 BADLY MA9TA9$4 ,!IR /EPS >E A P>TICUL> PROBLEM = *ILDR5 & !IR C>]S1 ! ELD]LY & PEOPLE ) DISABILITIES4 ,FOOT-BRIDGES SUFF] SIMIL> DISADVANTAGES 9 ! O!R DIRECTION4 ,P$E/RIANIZATION MAY SEGREGATE C>S & PEOPLE 9 9N]-CITY >EAS BUT IT ALSO CAUSES PROBLEMS ( ACCESS = ! DISABL$ & G5]ATES ADDITIONAL TRAFFIC 9 ADJO9+ >EAS4 ,= CYCLI/S !RE IS (T5 9SUFFICI5T SPACE = CONT9U\S CYCLE TRACKS OR LANES4 ,! PO/W> ,BRITI% NEW T[NS1 SU* AS ,/EV5AGE & ,PET]BOR\<1 HAVE A SEGREGAT$ NETWORK ( CYCLE & P$E/RIAN PA?S BUT ?IS IS 9APPROPRIATE TO OLD] T[NS4 ,(F-ROAD R\TES 7E4G4 ! ,BA?-,BRI/OL P$E/RIAN & CYCLE PA?7 HAVE BE5 BUILT ON OLD RAILWAY SITES1 CANAL T[PA?S1 BRIDLEWAY'S & =E/ ROADS4 ,BUT !Y >E V]Y LIMIT$ 9 AVAILABILITY & PRONE TO APPROPRIATION BY MORE SPACEHUNGRY & P[]FUL =MS ( TRANSPORT4 ,CYCLE R\TES US+ SIDE /REETS >E EQUALLY LIMIT$4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT 0ROAD SAFETY0 IS A ROAD LOBBY SMOKESCRE5 TO DIV]T PEOPLE FROM ADDRESS+ ! ROOT ( ! PROBLEM -- P[]4 ,IT IS ! P[] DYNAMIC ( MOTORIZATION1 ) ITS SOCIAL EFFECTS ( FE>1 RETREAT1 ISOLATION1 ILL HEAL?1 9JURY & DEA?4 ,& IT IS ! POLITICAL P[] ( ! ROAD LOBBY 7L>GE SECTIONS ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 ! /ATE1 M$IA1 ROAD SAFETY LOBBY1 OIL_/C>_/ CON/RUCTION COMPANIES ETC74 ,! ROAD LOBBY CAUSES ! MOTORIZATION PROBLEM1 !N IT DEF9ES H[ IT IS DISCUSS$ ?R\< ! 0ROAD SAFETY0 MY?4 ,?US ITS 'SOLUTIONS' PREVAIL3 KEEP P$E/RIANS & CYCLI/S \T ( ! WAY1 MAKE 'SAF] C>S' 7SAF] = DRIV]S1 MORE DANG]\S = EV]YONE ELSE71 & BUILD MORE ROADS4 

,AIR ,TRAVEL - ,A ,FA/] ,C>8 

  

,LIKE ! AUTOMOBILE1 AIR TRAVEL APPE>S TO (F] HUMANS B5EFITS AN>*I/S *]I%3 ! FRE$OM TO TRAVEL WIDELY1 TO EXP]I5CE NEW CULTURES & RELATE TO MORE PEOPLE1 TO DEVELOP CULTURALLY & SPIRITUALLY1 TO WALK A MILE 9 O!R PEOPLE'S %OES1 TO F9D A PLACE = \RSELVES 9 A WORLD GO+ MAD4 ,BUT MOD]N AIR TRAVEL1 BECAUSE ( ITS HUGE VOLUME & VA/ 9FRA/RUCTURAL NE$S1 IS ONE ( ! MO/ UNIQUELY POLLUT+ ACTIVITIES HUMANS HAVE EV] 9V5T$4 ,ACRES ( CONCRETE4 ,VA/ >EAS TAK5 UP BY T]M9ALS1 FACILITIES1 ACCESS ROADS1 W>EH\SES1 HOTELS & %OPP+ MALLS4 ,! NOISE ( TAKE-(F & L&+ & ! MIS]Y CAUS$ BY ! 9CREAS+ NUMB] ( NI<TTIME FLI<TS4 ,! DE/RUCTION ( HABITATS AS RUNWAYS >E EXT5D$ & NEW T]M9ALS BUILT4 ,! UNREMITT+ DAMAGE TO ! ATMOSPH]E1 ESPECIALLY ! TROPOSPH]E 7:]E WEA!R SY/EMS =M71 :I* IS VITAL = HUMAN LIFE ON ,E>?4 ,GRE5H\SE GAS EMISSIONS FROM ! WORLD'S AIRCRAFT FLEET CURR5TLY ACC\NT = #d.0 ( ALL GLOBAL W>M+ FROM HUMAN ACTIVITY4 ,BY #b#e1 EMISSIONS FROM AIR TRAVEL MAY BE CONTRIBUT+ #a#e.0 ( PR$ICT$ CLIMATE *ANGE IF LEFT UN*ECK$4 

,! CONV5I5CE ( AIR TRAVEL & ! RISE ( ! NO-FRILLS C>RI] OBSCURES ! EXT5T ( ! PROBLEM4 ,PASS5G]-KILOMET]S FL[N FROM ! ,U,K 9CREAS$ FROM #abe BILLION 9 #aii TO #bf BILLION 9 #b4 ,GOV]NM5T =ECA/S PR$ICT ?AT1 )\T CONTROLS1 ,BRITI% AIRPORTS WILL BE S]V+ OV] #aBN PASS5G]S A YE> BY #b#e4 ,AIR TRAFFIC WORLDWIDE IS PR$ICT$ TO 9CREASE SIX TIMES BY #be & WE WILL BE BURN+ AT LEA/ ?REE TIMES AS MU* FUEL AS AT PRES5T4 ,! PROBLEM IS BAD & IS GO+ TO GET A LOT WORSE OV] ! NEXT #c-#d YE>S4 

,DUR+ FLI<T1 AIRCRAFT 5G9ES EMIT C>BON DIOXIDE1 OXIDES ( NITROG5 & SULFUR1 WAT] VAPOR1 HYDROC>BONS1 SULFUR P>TICLES & SOOT4 ,Y\R %>E ( A RETURN FLI<T TO ,FLORIDA PUMPS MORE C>BON DIOXIDE 9TO ! ATMOSPH]E ?AN A :OLE YE>'S DRIV+4 ,!SE EMISSIONS ALT] ! *EMICAL COMPOSITION ( ! ATMOSPH]E 9 A V>IETY ( WAYS3 !Y HAVE A MASSIVE & WIDELY-ACKN[L$G$ IMPACT ON CLIMATE *ANGE4 ,AIR TRAVEL CAUSES L>GE-SCALE R$UCTION 9 OZONE LEVELS 9 ! /RATOSPH]E & 9CREAS$ ,U,V RADIATION AT GR\ND LEVEL1 I4E4 9CREAS$ RISKS ( SK9 CANC]4 ,ACTIVITY AT AIRPORTS CAUSE *ANGES TO ! TROPOSPH]E = HUNDR$S ( KILOMET]S D[NW9D & GREATLY R$UCES LOCAL AIR QUALITY4 ,:5 ALL PLANES 9 ! ,U,S,A W]E GR\ND$ AFT] #i_/#a#a1 ! NI<TS GOT W>M] & ! DAYS COLD]1 EVID5CE ?AT AIR TRAVEL CAUSES GLOBAL W>M+ RI<T N[4 

,AIR TRAVEL IS BIG BUS9ESS1 & GETT+ BIGG]3 AIRPORTS EXP&+1 REGIONAL HUBS1 NEW T]M9ALS1 ! ASSOCIAT$ SPRAWL ( COMM]CIAL DEVELOPM5T1 GOV]NM5T SUBSIDIES = EA* NEW G5]ATION ( PLANES1 ! BIDD+ W>S = L&+ RI<TS4 ,AIR TRAVEL IS SUBSIDIZ$ BY ,G,B,P#iBN A YE> 9 ,BRITA9 ALONE1 BECAUSE !RE IS NO TAX ON K]OS5E OR ,V,A,T *>G$ ON F>ES4 ,9 #a#i#d#d1 ! GREAT P[]S DECID$ ?AT TO REBUILD A %ATT]$ WORLD & REW>D ! AIRCRAFT COMPANIES BUILD+ MILIT>Y AIRCRAFT TO W9 ! W>1 AIR TRAVEL W\LD NOT BE TAX$4 ,BUT :O KNEW !N :AT ! 5VIRONM5TAL EFFECTS W\LD BE OR JU/ H[ BIG AIR TRAVEL W\LD GET8 ,SIXTY YE>S HAVE GONE BY & WE >E />+ OV] ! ABYSS4 

,! WORK+ CLASS BE>S ! BRUNT ( ! DE/RUCTIVE EFFECTS ( AIR TRAVEL & AIRPORT DEVELOPM5T1 YET ! POORE/ #a.0 ( US NEV] FLY4 ,! RISE ( *>T] FLI<TS TO ,IBIZA & NO-FRILLS FLI<TS TO ,PRAGUE - :I* C>RY A SURPRIS+ NUMB] ( ! COM=TABLE MIDDLE CLASS 7#g#e.0 OR TRAVEL]S >E FROM ! ,A,B,C SOCIAL CLASSES7 CANNOT ALT] ! BASIC FACTS4 ,\R HEAL?1 SANITY1 QUALITY ( LIFE & FUTURE >E ALL AT RISK4 ,GOV]NM5TS SAY AIR TRAVEL IS GOOD & CANNOT BE RE/RICT$ OR CURB$4 ,BUS9ESS SAYS DEM& = AIR TRAVEL - A DEM& CREAT$ & FUEL$ BY BIG BUS9ESS - MEANS ?AT AIRPORTS MU/ EXP& & ! VOLUME ( FLI<TS MU/ 9CREASE4 ,WE MU/ BUILD BIGG] PLANES ?AT >E MORE FUEL EFFICI5T4 ,:Y8 ,WE %\LDN'T =GET EI!R ! PO9T :]E BIG BUS9ESS & ! /ATE TRULY MEET3 9 ! #a#i#iS1 MILIT>Y AIRCRAFT CONSUM$ ONE ?IRD ( ! FUEL US$ BY ALL PLANES & PRODUCE PROPORTIONATELY MORE EMISSIONS ( CLIMATE-*ANG+ POLLUTION4 ,:O'S GO+ TO REGULATE !M8 

,!RE IS NO LAT5T DEM& = MORE AIR TRAVEL & BIGG] AIRPORTS1 IT IS BE+ /OK$ BY HIDD5 SUBSIDIES & GOV]NM5T COLLUSION ) BIG BUS9ESS TO DO NO?+ TO HALT RUNAWAY GR[?4 ,GOV]NM5T /UDIES PO9T+ TO A 'NE$' = NEW AIRPORTS & RUNWAYS >E ALWAYS BAS$ ON TAXATION REGIMES & SUBSIDIES REMA9+ ! SAME3 ONE /UDY F\ND ?AT IF FUEL W]E TAX$ AT #d#fP A LIT] & ,V,A,T PHAS$ 91 PASS5G] NUMB]S W\LD RISE SO SL[LY ?AT EXI/+ RUNWAYS C\LD COPE TILL #bc & BEYOND4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 IF WE 9VE/$ 9 HI<-SPE$ RAIL L9KS HUGE AM\NTS ( AIR TRAVEL ACROSS ,EUROPE C\LD BE AVOID$4 

,PEOPLE (T5 SAY ?AT TE*NOLOGICAL IMPROVEM5TS WILL R$UCE 5VIRONM5TAL IMPACTS4 ,BUT AIR TRAVEL IS 9CREAS+ SO MU* ?AT NO AM\NT ( TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCE WILL R$UCE DAMAGE1 M]ELY SL[ ! RATE ( 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION4 ,BY #b#a1 9CREAS$ ,C,O#b EMISSIONS BY ! AVIATION 9DU/RY WILL TOTALLY NEGATE ALL O!R CLIMATE-*ANGE PROTECTION POLICIES & REGIMES3 WE >E BE+ ASK$ TO *ANGE \R WAYS & TI<T5 \R BELTS JU/ SO ! RI* CAN GO ON FLY+4 ,!RE IS NO TE*NOLOGICAL FIX1 ONLY A MASSIVE R$UCTION 9 ! AM\NT OR AIR TRAVEL WILL DO4 ,?AT WILL ONLY COME AB\T BY US *OOS+ NOT TO TRAVEL1 BY A MASSIVE *ANGE 9 CULTURE & SOCIAL RELATIONS4 ,?IS IS :AT AN AN>*I/ SOCIETY ( ! FUTURE1 A SU/A9ABLE SOCIETY = ALL TO %>E & 5JOY1 IS ALL AB\T4 ,\R SOCIETY IS ON A TRULY HUMAN SCALE1 :]E WE LIVE1 TRAVEL & 9T]ACT 9 WAYS ?AT MEET \R HUMAN NE$S )\T DAMAG+ O!RS & DE/ROY+ ! 5VIRONM5T4  

  

,!RE IS BEAUTY ALL >\ND US IF WE *OOSE TO SEE IT4 ,!RE IS SOME?+ 9 EV]Y HUMAN FACE4 ,!RE >E PLACES ( 9T]E/ & LEISURE )9 HUNDR$S ( MILES1 :Y TRAVEL ?\S&S8 ,IF COMMUNITIES CAN BE RE-5G9E]$ TO BE SELF-SU/A9+ - & !Y CAN BE - WILL WE NE$ TO TRAVEL ?\S&S ( MILES TO DO BUS9ESS1 TO NEGOTIATE DEALS1 EX*ANGE IDEAS1 MEET PEOPLE8 ,IF WE NE$ TO WORK ONLY A FEW H\RS A DAY & TASKS GET DONE :5 !Y CAN1 NOT :5 SOMEONE SAYS !Y MU/1 WILL WE NE$ TO TRAVEL AT HUNDR$S ( MILES AN H\R TO DO !M8 ,DID PEOPLE 9V5T ! 9T]NET JU/ SO WE C\LD BUY ON-L9E8 ,! MASSIVE AM\NT ( AIR TRAVEL TODAY & 9 ! FUTURE ISN'T GOOD = PEOPLE OR ! PLANET & ISN'T NECESS>Y = SOCIETY TO FUNCTION OR PEOPLE TO LIVE RI* LIVES ( EXP]I5CE & PLEASURE4 ,IT IS NECESS>Y = ! AIRL9E 9DU/RIES & ?OSE :O >E RUNN+ ?+S3 ! POLITICIANS1 BUREAUCRATS1 G5]ALS & BUS9ESSM5 :O 5JOY LOOK+ D[N ON US4 

,:OSE ,L& IS IT ,ANYWAY8 

  

  

,! ,ECONOMIC ,P[] ( ,L& 

  

,CLASS-/RUGGLE AN>*I/S FOCUS !IR ACTIVITIES ON ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! WORK+ CLASS & ! BOSSES4 ,N[ADAYS ! USUAL IMAGE ( ! RUL+ CLASS IS AS 9DU/RIALI/S & F9ANCI]S2 ! L&-[N+ >I/OCRACY >E NOT CONSID]$ TO BE ! MA9 S\RCE ( CAPITALI/ P[]4 ,\R ANALYSIS FIRMLY DESCRIBES L&[N]S AS AN 9TEGRAL P>T ( ! RUL+ CLASS1 BO? 9 ! S5SE ( HOLD+ REAL ECONOMIC P[] & 9 ! IDEOLOGICAL ROLE !Y PLAY 9 KEEP+ ! WORK+ CLASS 9 !IR PLACE4 ,! L&-[N+ CLASS & !IR LACKEYS >E A FUNDAM5TAL P>T ( ! ,BRITI% RUL+ CLASS & >E IMM5SELY P[]FUL & WELL ORGANIZ$4 ,WE IGNORE !M AT \R P]IL4 

,DESPITE PROPAG&A AB\T IMPOV]I%$ >I/OS & ! SUPPOS$ 9CREASE 9 L& [N]%IP BY ! GOV]NM5T & ! ,NATIONAL ,TRU/1 >\ND #h.0 ( ,BRITA9'S L& IS 9 PRIVATE H&S4 ,A H>D CORE ( TITL$ FAMILIES [N ALMO/ ONE-?IRD ( ,BRITA91 ) #f.0-#g.0 ( !SE [N+ AT LEA/ #e1 ACRES4 ,! ,CR[N'S HOLD+S >E 5ORM\S3 #c#c#e1 ACRES ( F>ML&1 #c#h1#b#h#e ACRES ( COMM]CIAL =E/1 ! 5TIRE %OREL9E1 HALF ! =E%ORE6 ,! ,QUE5'S PRIVATE HOLD+S >E SEP>ATE FROM ?IS & 9CLUDE #e1 AT ,BALMORAL1 #b1 ACRES AT ,S&R+HAM & #e1 ACRES ( ,LANCA/]4 ,! ,DUKE ( ,BUCCLEU* [NS #b#g#g1 ACRES ( ,SCOTL& & #a#a1 ACRES ( ,NOR?AMPTON%IRE4 ,DESPITE ! IMAGE ( ! /RUGGL+ F>M] PROMOT$ BY ! ,C\NTRYSIDE ,ALLIANCE1 ! AV]AGE F>M SIZE IS #ag ACRES1 MU* HI<] ?AN ! AV]AGE 9 ! RE/ ( ! ,E,C4 ,& CONSOLIDATION ( F>M HOLD+S IS 9CREAS+3 :5 A F>M IS SOLD IT IS O!R F>M]S ?AT BUY IT4 ,[N+ L& MAY NOT APPE> TO CONF] ECONOMIC P[] & WEAL? 9 AN ECONOMY DOM9AT$ BY 9DU/RY & COMM]CE4 ,MANY L&[N]S LIKE TO GIVE ! IMPRESSION ?AT IT IS A GREAT BURD54 ,LOOK$ AT MORE C>EFULLY1 L& [N]%IP BR+S 5ORM\S B5EFITS4 ,! VALUE ( ! L& ITSELF IS ! FIR/ S\RCE ( WEAL?4 ,S9CE ! ,DEVELOPM5T ,L& ,TAX WAS ABOLI%$ 9 #a#i#h#e1 9CREASES 9 ! VALUE ( L& = DEVELOPM5T >E SUBJECT ONLY TO A CAPITAL GA9S TAX4 ,O!R WAYS ( MAK+ MONEY FROM ! L& 9CLUDE LEAS+ IT \T TO F>M]S1 HUNT+ & FI%+ RI<TS & M9+4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! ,DUKE ( ,D]BY%IRE RECEIVES AN E/IMAT$ ,G,B,P#a4#h MILLION 9 ROYALTIES EV]Y YE> = ! M9+ ( ,D]BY%IRE LIME/ONE4 ,?\< L&[N]S >E ASSOCIAT$ ) ! C\NTRYSIDE1 !Y ALSO [N MU* ( URBAN ,BRITA94 ,! MO/ WELL-KN[N IS ! ,DUKE ( ,WE/M9/] :O [NS A L>GE *UNK ( C5TRAL ,LONDON 9CLUD+ ,MAYFAIR & ,BELGRAVIA4 ,AGRICULTURE & =E/RY BR+ ! GREATE/ B5EFITS1 *IEFLY 9 ! =M ( SUBSIDIES4 ,F>M]S >E EXEMPT FROM RATES ON AGRICULTURAL L& & BUILD+S & >E ALSO EXEMPT FROM PAY+ ,V,A,T4 ,IT IS E/IMAT$ ?AT ! COMB9$ B5EFIT FROM ALL SUBSIDIES COMES TO ,G,B,P#b-,G,B,P#c1 P] YE> P] F>M]4 ,=E/RY IS ANO!R GOOD S\RCE ( 9COME 7& H&\TS74 ,!RE HAS BE5 A GREAT 9CREASE 9 =E/ATION 9 REC5T YE>S1 ( :I* #h.0 IS 9 ! PRIVATE SECTOR4 ,BUT :ILE PLANT+ CONIF]S (F]S A QUICK RETURN ITS CAUSES MANY ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS4 

,POLITICAL ,P[] 

  

,ALONG ) ECONOMIC P[] GOES POLITICAL P[]4 ,FIR/LY1 !RE IS ! P[] OV] WORK+ PEOPLE4 #g.0 ( AGRICULTURAL WORK]S LIVE 9 TI$ COTTAGES4 ,L&[N]S ALSO PLAY AN IMPORTANT ROLE 9 LOCAL POLITICS1 (T5 HAV+ A TOTALLY DISPROPORTIONATE %>E ( LOCAL C\NCIL SEATS4 ,?\< !Y >E LESS ?AN #a.0 ( ,M,PS 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,COMMONS1 !Y DOM9ATE 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,LORDS4 ,!Y ALSO APPE> 9 A :OLE RANGE ( O!R CAPACITIES3 ,NATIONAL ,P>K ,BO>DS1 ,C\NTRYSIDE ,COMMISSIONS & ,NATURE ,CONS]VANCY4 ,! POLITICAL 9FLU5CE ( L&[N]S CAN BE SE5 EV5 MORE CLE>LY 9 ! F>M+ & =E/RY LOBBIES4 ,! MA9 LOBBIES 9CLUDE ! ,C\NTRY ,L&[N]S ,ASSOCIATION 7,C,L,A74 ,MO/ ( ! ,C,L,A'S WORK IS DONE )9 '! OLD BOY'S NETWORK'4 ,TO SUCCE$1 ! ,C,L,A DOESN'T HAVE TO DO ANY?+ BUT JU/ /OP ANYONE ELSE FROM *ANG+ ! /ATUS QUO4 ,EXAMPLES 9CLUDE REMOV+ ( TAXES ON PR(IT-TAK+1 ABOLITION ( SECURITY = T5ANTS AS WELL AS MANY FEATURES 7E4G4 TRESPASS7 ( ! ,CRIM9AL ,JU/ICE ,ACT4 ,!RE >E :OLE ASPECTS ( L& [N+ P[] ?AT WE KN[ NO?+ AB\T BECAUSE ( ! SECRECY SURR\ND+ 9=MATION ON :O [NS :AT4 ,!RE IS NO OP5 PUBLIC L& REGI/RY1 = 9/ANCE4 ,?IS SECRECY GIVES 5ORM\S P[]4 ,RURAL L&[N]S [N MANY URBAN PROP]TIES & HAVE CONTROL OV] ! MAJOR PRIM>Y 9DU/RIES ?AT =M ! BASIS ( ANY ECONOMY4 ,9 ADDITION1 MANY L&[N]S >E ALSO 9DU/RIALI/S OR F9ANCI]S OR BO?4 ,?IS IS NOT JU/ A MATT] ( HI< F9ANCE1 ) BANKS 9VE/+ 9 L&1 M$IA MAGNATES BUY+ UP ,HI<L& E/ATES ETC1 BUT BECAUSE ( ! IDEOLOGICAL & CULTURAL ROLE ?AT ! L&[N]S PLAY 9 MA9TA9+ ! COH]5CE ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 

,IDEOLOGICAL ,P[] 

  

,S9CE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION ?OSE CAPITALI/S :O MADE !IR MONEY FROM 9DU/RY & LAT] F9ANCE HAVE ALL ASPIR$ TO BE LIKE ! L& [N+ >I/OCRACY 9 T]MS ( !IR WAY ( LIFE4 

,! 9DU/RIALI/S MAY HAVE HAD GREAT WEAL?1 BUT ! L&[N]S HAD 'CULTURAL CAPITAL'4 ,IT IS ?IS IMAGE ( A 'WAY ( LIFE' ?AT PROPS UP ! RUL+ CLASS4 ',TRADITIONAL ,BRITA9' IS SYNONYM\S ) RURAL ,BRITA94 ,DESPITE ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION & ! FACT ?AT ,BRITA9 HAS LITTLE ( ITS ECONOMY DEVOT$ TO AGRICULTURE OR =E/RY1 IT IS AMAZ+ ?AT IT IS 'RURAL' ,BRITA9 ?AT IS ! SYMBOL ( ! S\L ( ! NATION4 ,IT IS A P[]FUL MESSAGE & GIVES ! L&[N]S A PIVOTAL ROLE )9 ! RUL+ CLASS ?AT IS MU* GREAT] ?AN !IR ECONOMIC & OV]T POLITICAL P[] W\LD SUGGE/4 ,9 ADDITION1 IT IS ! L&[N]S :O ?R\< !IR ACTIVITIES & CONTROL ( ! L& HAVE ! MO/ IMPACT ON ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,AW>5ESS ( ?IS NE$S TO BE SPREAD TO ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE & ! L&[N]S MU/ BE MADE A FOCUS ( \R /RUGGLES AGA9/ CAPITALISM4 

,GET ,(F ,MY ,L&6 

  

  

,?IS IS ! MESSAGE ! L&[N]S ( ,BRITA9 HAVE BE5 GIV+ WORK+ PEOPLE ?R\<\T ! C5TURIES4 ,! MASS ( ! PEOPLE REMA9 NOT ONLY EXCLUD$ FROM ! L& BUT >E ALSO EXCLUD$ FROM ANY DECISION-MAK+ AB\T :AT IS DONE ) ?IS L&4 ,\R EXCLUSION FROM ANY SAY 9 :AT HAPP5S TO ! L& IS DUE TO ! EXPROPRIATION ( ?AT L& BY AN ALI5 & HO/ILE RUL+ CLASS4 ,FIR/ CAME ! ,NORMAN B>ONS :O W]E AW>D$ [N]%IP ( L& ?AT HAD L>GELY BE5 HELD 9 COMMON OR BY RI<T 9 RETURN = MILIT>Y S]VICE & POLITICAL SUPPORT4 ,SOME L&[N]S SU* AS ! ,GROSV5OR FAMILY 7PRES5T ,DUKE ( ,WE/M9/]7 TRACE !IR [N]%IP BACK TO ?IS TIME4 ,WILLIAM ! ,CONQU]OR GAVE !IR ANCE/OR1 ,HU< ,LE ,GROS ,V5EUR1 MAJOR L& HOLD+S4 ,DUR+ ! FEUDAL P]IOD1 MU* L& WAS ALSO TAK5 BY ! ,*UR*1 :O US$ ITS POLITICAL1 SPIRITUAL & ECONOMIC P[] TO GRAB L>G] & L>G] >EAS ( ,BRITA94 ,HEAVY TAXATION TO PAY = W>S ( CONQUE/ AGA9/ ! ,WEL%1 ,SCOTTI%1 ,IRI%1 ,FR5* & P]IODIC CRUSADES L$ TO FUR!R SEIZURE ( L& & PROP]TY4 ,[N]%IP ( ! L& !N ALL[$ ! RUL+ CLASS TO BEG9 :ITTL+ AWAY AT ! RI<TS TO USE ! L& PEOPLE HAD 5JOY$ = C5TURIES3 RI<TS TO GRAZE ANIMALS1 COLLECT WOOD1 GA!R FOODS & M$IC9AL PLANTS & SO ON4 ,?IS WAS DRIV5 BY ! DESIRE TO MAKE PR(IT1 = PR(IT B\<T SAFETY & /ATUS = ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y ELITES ( ! TIME4 ,! (T-CIT$ EXAMPLE IS ! 5CLOSURE ( ! COMMON L& = %EEP GRAZ+1 FUEL$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS GRANT+ ITSELF ECONOMIC 9C5TIVES = ! PRODUCTION ( WOOL & WAG+ W> TO OP5 UP M>KETS ABROAD TO WOOL & O!R PRODUCTS4 ,OV] HUNDR$S ( YE>S1 ! L& WAS TAK5 FROM ! PEASANTS & PUT FIRMLY 9 ! H&S ( A L&-[N+ CLASS :OSE SOLE AIM WAS TO MANAGE ! L& = ! B5EFIT ( !MSELVES4 ,! GA!R+ PACE ( ! ,9DU/RIAL ,REVOLUTION & IMP]IAL CONQUE/ ABROAD GREATLY 5RI*$ ! L&[N+ CLASSES :O N[ REG>D$ '!IR' L& AS AN >5A TO FLAUNT !IR ILL-GOTT5 WEAL?4 ,HUGE ACREAGES W]E TURN$ OV] TO HUNT+ & O!R BLOOD SPORTS4 ,VILLAGES W]E TORN D[N BECAUSE !Y SPOIL$ ! VIEW ( L&SCAP$ E/ATES4 ,G>D5S & ROMANTIC WOODL&S W]E PLANT$ :]E ONCE PEOPLE HAD E>N$ A LIV+4 ,! C\NTRYSIDE ( TODAY1 ?AT ITS [N]S & !IR SUPPORT]S >E TRY+ TO PROTECT1 IS 5TIRELY AN >TIFICIAL CREATION1 S]V+ ! 9T]E/S ( BIG BUS9ESS1 :E!R 9 AGRICULTURE1 T\RISM OR H\S+4 ,?AT IT IS ALSO A BATTLEFIELD LONG LO/ BY ! WORK+ CLASS & 9 :I* \R HI/ORY HAS BE5 DELIB]ATELY OBSCUR$ >E FACTS ?AT NE$ TO BE REMEMB]$4  

  

,/RUGGLE 

  

,PEASANTS DID NOT SUCCUMB PASSIVELY TO ! EXPLOITATION ( ! L&[N]S4 ,! ,BLACK ,DEA? CAUS$ A GREAT %ORTAGE ( LABOR1 GIV+ ! PEASANTS B>GA9+ P[] & WEAK5+ ! HOLD ( ! FEUDAL OV]LORDS4 ,LAWS HAD TO BE PASS$ TO PREV5T PEOPLE LEAV+ !IR VILLAGES TO (F] !IR LABOR ELSE:]E & \TLAW PEOPLE FROM COMB9+ TO PRESS 

= HI<] WAGES4 ,! 5=C$ RELAXATION ( ! ,=E/ ,LAWS 9 ! MID #a#cS ALL[$ PEOPLE TO 5T] PREVI\SLY CLOS$ P>TS ( ,5GL&4 ,PEOPLE BEGAN TO SQUAT 9 ! =E/S & CLE> >EAS = AGRICULTURE4 ,! WOODS BECAME A REFUGE = MORE ?AN JU/ ROMANTIC \TLAWS1 ) FREE SQUATT] COMMUNITIES EXI/+ EV]Y:]E4 ,:5 A POLL TAX 767 WAS 9TRODUC$ 9 #a*a TO PAY = ! ,HUNDR$ ,YE>S ,W> ) ,FRANCE1 IT LIT ! FIRE ( RURAL UNRE/4 #e1 PEOPLE >M$ !MSELVES & M>*$ ON ,LONDON FROM ,K5T & ,ESSEX4 ,ON ! WAY !Y OP5$ PRISONS & BURNT RECORDS1 SOME P>TICUL>LY HAT$ LORDS & (FICIALS BE+ KILL$4 ,! REBELLION BEGAN TO ESCALATE 9TO AN IDEA ?AT ! :OLE L& [N+ CLASS C\LD BE TOPPL$4 ,UN=TUNATELY1 ?R\< TRICK]Y ! UPRIS+ WAS CRU%$ & ITS LEAD]S W]E SLAU<T]$4 ,! PROMISES ( ! ,K+ 7TO ABOLI% S]FDOM1 ALL FEUDAL DUTIES1 ! REMOVAL ( ALL RE/RICTIONS ON FRE$OM ( LABOR & TRADE & A G5]AL AMNE/Y = ! REBELS7 W]E REVOK$4 ,! LA/ ( ! REBELS W]E HUNT$ D[N 9 ,EA/ ,ANGLIA4 ,DUR+ ! ,JACK ,CADE REVOLT AGA9/ ,H5RY ,V,I 9 #a#d#e1 LEVEL+ ELEM5TS MET 9 WOODS \TSIDE ,HA/+S DEM&+ ?AT ALL GOODS & ! L& BE HELD 9 COMMON4 ,?R\<\T ! #a#f? & #a#g? C5TURIES !RE W]E HUNDR$S ( REVOLTS AGA9/ 5CLOSURE4 ,! L&[N]S1 AS LORD LIEUT5ANTS ( ! C\NTIES1 RAIS$ !IR [N >MIES TO PUT D[N REBELLION & MANY 9SURG5TS W]E EXECUT$4 ,DESPITE ?IS1 DI/URBANCES CONT9U$ ON A GU]RILLA LEVEL1 WILDCAT & UNCOORD9AT$ = MANY DECADES & P]IODICALLY FL>$ 9TO RIOT & REBELLION4 

,! ,FIR/ ,/IRR+S ( ,COMMUNISM 

  

,! DEVELOPM5T ( AGR>IAN CAPITALISM 9 ! #a#e?-#a#g? C5TURIES CREAT$ NEW =MS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,! SO-CALL$ ,5GLI% ,REVOLUTION ( ! #a#g? ,C5TURY /R5G!N$ ! POSITION ( ! L&[N]S4 ,! ,CIVIL ,W> BR\<T A 'NEW >I/OCRACY' ( YEOM5 L&[N]S TO P[]4 ,! RATE ( 5CLOSURE1 SANCTION$ BY ,P>LIAM5T 9 !IR [N 9T]E/1 9CREAS$ & A 'W> )9 A W>' ( L&[N]S AGA9/ ! RURAL POOR & L&LESS 9T5SIFI$4 ,! P[] & IDEOLOGY ( ! L& [N+ CLASS FUZ$ ) & 9FLU5C$ ! DEVELOPM5T ( CAPITALISM4 ,ACCUMULATION ( WEAL? & ! PROTECTION ( PRIVATE PROP]TY BECAME VIRTUALLY ! SOLE PURPOSE ( GOV]NM5T & ! /ATE4 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ?IS P]IOD ( F]M5T ALSO ?REW UP NEW RADICAL IDEAS4 ,A SMALL GR\P ( UNEMPLOY$ LABOR]S & L&LESS F>M WORK]S GA!R$ AT ,/4,GEORGE'S ,HILL NE> ,WALTON-ON-,?AMES 9 ,SURREY 9 #afdi & BEGAN TO CULTIVATE ! COMMON L&4 ,?IS GR\P1 KN[N AS ! ,DIGG]S OR ,TRUE ,LEVEL]S1 ISSU$ A CALL = ! PEOPLE TO HAVE ACCESS TO ! =E/S & COMMON L&S4 ,H>ASSM5T FROM ! LOCAL L&LORDS & CONT9U$ ATTACKS RESULT$ 9 !IR SETTLEM5T BE+ DE/ROY$4 ,! ,DIGG]S ?\<T !Y C\LD BR+ AB\T A REVOLUTION & COMMUNISM ( ! L& ?R\< EXAMPLE & REASON4 ,! ,LEVEL]S W]E BRUTALLY CRU%$ & RADICAL PUBLICATIONS W]E BANN$4 ,! W> ( ! L&[N]S AGA9/ ! RURAL POOR CONT9U$ 9TO ! NEXT C5TURY4 ,AS CAPITALISM BECAME ! DOM9ANT ECONOMIC SY/EM1 L&[N]S W]E =C$ TO LOOK = WAYS ( 9CREAS+ 9COME FROM !IR L& SU* AS KEEP+ %EEP = WOOL1 GR[+ GRA91 RAIS+ LIVE/OCK1 =E/RY & L& LEAS+4 

,RIOT1 ,REBELLION & ,REPRESSION 

  

,9 ! #a#g#bS GANGS ( M5 ) !IR FACES BLACK5$ 9VAD$ DE] P>KS 9 ! ,HOME ,C\NTIES1 9 P>TICUL> ! ,ROYAL =E/S4 ,! ,BLACK ,ACT CREAT$ #e NEW (F5SES ?AT W]E PUNI%ABLE BY DEA? & #af PEOPLE W]E HANG$ 9 ! NEXT #b YE>S4 ,COMMON RI<TS W]E ALSO ATTACK$ MORE VIGOR\SLY4 ,DUR+ ! #a#h? & #a#i? C5TURIES #g MILLION ACRES ( L& W]E 5CLOS$4 ,! 5CLOS$ L& WAS US$ = %EEP1 M9+ & CATTLE RE>+4 ,! RURAL DEPRESSION FOLL[+ ! 5D ( ! ,NAPOLEONIC ,W>S1 ! MIS]Y ( URBAN SQUALOR1 ! EXTREMELY H>% CONDITIONS 9 ! FACTORIES & ! RIGORS ( :AT PASS$ = JU/ICE 9 ,BRITA9 HAD AN 9EVITABLE RESULT3 RIOT1 REVOLT & 9SURRECTION4 ,9 #a#h#c1 C\NTRY LABOR]S ROSE 9 REVOLT ?R\<\T S\!RN & EA/]N ,5GL&4 ,UND] ! COV] ( D>KNESS1 ! HAT$ ?RE%+ MA*9ES W]E SMA%$1 RICKS & B>NS BURNT D[N4 ,MANY ?REAT5+ LETT]S W]E S5T TO L&[N]S1 ALL SIGN$ BY 0,CAPTA9 ,SW+01 :O GAVE HIS NAME TO ! MOVEM5T4 ,! REVOLT C5T]$ >\ND L[ PAY1 PIECE WORK & ! NEW TE*NOLOGY ( ! ?RE%+ MA*9ES1 :I* ?REW MANY \T ( WORK4 ,9 ! FOLL[+ REPRESSION1 #ai W]E EXECUT$ & #eeb TRANSPORT$ TO ,AU/RALIA1 MANY O!RS RECEIV+ PRISON S5T5CES4 ,SOLID>ITY BETWE5 RURAL & URBAN WORK]S WAS COMMON2 AFT] ALL1 URBAN WORK]S W]E RURAL WORK]S OR !IR DESC5DANTS :O HAD BE5 DRIV5 FROM ! L&4 ,9 ,WALES !RE WAS WIDESPREAD DE/RUCTION ( 5CLOSURE F5CES AS WELL AS BREAD & CORN RIOTS4 ,! MO/ IMPORTANT ( !SE W]E ! ,REBECCA ,RIOTS4 ,FROM #ahci TO #ahdd HUNDR$S ( ACTIONS TOOK PLACE4 ,MANY TOLLGATES ALONG ! ROADS W]E SMA%$1 SALMON WEIRS W]E DE/ROY$ BECAUSE ! GAME LAWS /OPP$ ! POOR TAK+ FI% FROM ! RIV]S1 HAY/ACKS W]E BURNT & POORH\SES ATTACK$4 #ae POLICE & #ah TROOPS W]E S5T TO QUELL ?IS UPRIS+4 ,! HEAVY REPRESSION AFT] ,CAPTA9 ,SW+ & ,REBECCA MEANT ?AT NEV] AGA9 WAS !RE TO BE VIOL5T UPRIS+ ON A MASS SCALE AL?\< NEW DI/URBANCES ]UPT$ 9 ! #a#h#hS 9 ,WALES CAUS$ BY T5ANT F>M]S & LABOR]S BE+ *>G$ HI< R5TS BY ! L&[N]S4 

,RE=M & ,REACTION 

  

,?IS /EP BACK FROM 9SURRECTION RESULT$ 9 A TURN T[>DS ! CREATION ( UNIONS4 ,EV5 !SE ATTEMPTS W]E MET ) P]SECUTION4 ,! ATTEMPT BY F>M WORK]S TO ORGANIZE 9 ,TOLPUDDLE 9 ,DORSET 9 #ahcd RESULT$ 9 ! TRANSPORTATION ( SIX ( !M4 ,DEFEAT BR\<T PESSIMISM & PRAGMATISM4 ,! RURAL POOR & !IR LIB]AL SUPPORT]S CONC5TRAT$ ON GA9+ SOME CONCESSIONS1 BUT W]E NOT V]Y SUCCESSFUL4 ,9/EAD ( SEIZ+ ! L& !Y W]E GRANT$ ALLOTM5TS - 9 #a#i#f1 AFT] #e YE>S ( CAMPAIGN+4 ,ACCESS TO L& WAS 9CREAS+LY CURTAIL$4 ,TRADITIONAL RECREATION ACTIVITIES ( ! PEASANTS SU* AS FAIRS & FOOTBALL C\LDN'T TAKE PLACE BECAUSE !RE WAS NO AVAILABLE L&4 ,CAPITALI/S CAMPAIGN$ TIRELESSLY AGA9/ FAIRS1 IT9]ANT WORK+ & ! TRADITIONAL FE/IVALS ( RURAL LIFE BECAUSE SU* ACTIVITIES PREV5T$ ! CREATION ( A MORE DISCIPL9$ WORK=CE4 ,! RESULT WAS ! 5D ( ! FREE PEASANTRY & ITS TRANS=MATION 9TO AN URBAN WORK+ CLASS OR EMIGRANT LABOR4 

,DUR+ ! #a#i? C5TURY1 ! IDEA ?AT CITY DWELL]S %\LD 5JOY ! C\NTRYSIDE SPREAD FROM ! PR(ESSIONAL & >TISAN CLASSES TO ! WORK+ CLASSES4 ,OP5 C\NTRYSIDE & CLEAN AIR W]E A SOLACE TO MANY US$ TO CR[D$ CONDITIONS & F\L AIR4 ,BY ! #a#i#cS ?IS HAD BECOME A MASSIVE MOVEM5T1 ) AN E/IMAT$ #a#e1 PEOPLE FROM ,%EFFIELD & #a#e1 FROM ,MAN*E/] VISIT+ ! ,PEAK ,DI/RICT ON AN AV]AGE ,SUNDAY4 

,H[EV]1 L>GE TRACTS ( L& W]E CUT (F FROM ! RAMBL]S4 ,9 #a#i#c#e1 !RE W]E ONLY #ab FOOTPA?S 9 ! ,PEAK ,DI/RICT4 ,! BE/ WALK+ L&1 9CLUD+ ,K9D] ,SC\T & ,BLEAKL[ ,RIDGE1 W]E F5C$ (F4 ,RAMBL]S />T$ TO ORGANIZE ANNUAL RALLIES 9 ! ,PEAK ,DI/RICT4 ,9 #aicb A NEW ORGANIZATION1 ! ,BRITI% ,WORK]S ,SPORTS ,F$]ATION BEGAN TO ORGANIZE RAMBLES = Y\NG PEOPLE 9 ! NOR?4 ,IT BEGAN TO ORGANIZE MASS TRESPASSES4 ,9 #a#i#c#b1 #d RAMBL]S ORGANIZ$ A MASS TRESPASS ( ,K9D] ,SC\T4 #e RAMBL]S W]E IMPRISON$ & 9 RESPONSE ?\S&S JO9$ TWO MORE MASS TRESPASSES4 

,! HI/ORY ( ! ,BRITI% 0C\NTRYSIDE0 IS A HI/ORY ( /RUGGLE4 ,IT DESCRIBES A PATT]N ( EV5TS COMMON ?R\<\T ! WORLD3 ! EXPROPRIATION ( FREE L& BY POLITICAL & ECONOMIC ELITES1 USUALLY FOLL[+ MILIT>Y CONQUE/2 ! 9TRODUCTION ( NEW AGRICULTURAL ME?ODS TO G5]ATE PR(IT2 ! 'LEGAL' & =CEFUL EXPULSION ( ! PEOPLE OCCUPY+ ! L&2 RESI/ANCE & REPRESSION2 ! CREATION ( A MY? ( RI<TS HELD BY ! NEW [N]S :I* IS SE5 AS VITAL TO ! PRES]VATION ( ! NATION2 ! ALI5ATION ( URBAN & RURAL & ) IT ! 9SULATION ( RURAL P[] FROM DEMOCRATIC SCRUT9Y & CONTROL4 ,! /UDY ( L& & ITS [N]%IP IS NECESS>Y TO UND]/& ONE ELEM5T ( ! P[]-RELATIONS ?AT GOV]N ALL PEOPLE4 ,SEIZ+ BACK ! L& & SOCIALIZ+ IT SO ?AT IT ONCE MORE BECOMES ! COMMON WEAL? ( ALL WILL BE A FUNDAM5TAL P>T ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION TO COME4 

,! ,ROLE ( ,PROGRESS 

  

  

,IT IS IMPORTANT TO RECOGNIZE ?AT CAPITALISM IS ABLE TO FUNCTION BECAUSE IT USES IDEAS )9 \R CULTURE ?AT >E %>$ ?R\<\T ! SOCIAL /RUCTURE4 ,LIKE RACISM & SEXISM1 IDEAS ( NATURE AS A ?REAT TO BE CONTROLL$ & EXPLOIT$ >E DEEPLY +RA9$ 9 \R ATTITUDES & CULTURE1 (T5 UNCONSCI\SLY4 ,!SE IDEAS NE$ TO BE *ALL5G$ & *ANG$ IF WE >E NOT TO REPRODUCE ! SAME ANTAGONISMS & P[] RELATIONS 9 A PO/-CAPITALI/ SOCIETY4 ,SO WE NE$ TO LOOK AT H[ !SE IDEAS HAVE DEVELOP$ HI/ORICALLY1 :OSE 9T]E/S !Y S]VE & H[ WE CAN MOVE BEYOND !M4 

,IDEAS3 ,ECOLOGY & ,! ,5LI<T5M5T 

  

,AL?\< ! ANTAGONI/IC RELATION%IP BETWE5 CULTURE & NATURE CAN BE TRAC$ BACK AT LEA/ AS F> AS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( PATRI>*AL ,*RI/IANITY 9 ,WE/]N ,EUROPE1 IT WAS RATIONALIZ$ BY ! PHILOSOPHY ( ! #a#h? ,C5TURY ,5LI<T5M5T4 ,! IDEAS ( ! ,5LI<T5M5T1 :I* W]E CRUCIAL = ! DEVELOPM5T ( MOD]N CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 FOCUS ON ! IMPORTANCE ( RATIONAL1 SCI5TIFIC 5DEAVOR AS A MEANS ( LIB]AT+ 0MAN0 FROM SUP]/ITION1 IRRATIONALITY & NATURE4 ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T HELD ?AT A /RANGE & DANG]\S WORLD %\LD BE ANALYZ$1 CLASSIFI$ & BR\<T )9 ! CONTROL ( RATIONAL1 ,WE/]N MAN4 ,= 9/ANCE1 ?IS IS ! ]A ?AT SAW ! FIR/ 5CYCLOP$IA COMPIL$1 9 :I* NATURE WAS DESCRIB$ AS 0R$ 9 TOO? & CLAW04  

  

,)9 ! WORLD-VIEW ( B\RGEOIS1 $UCAT$1 WE/]N MAN1 OPPOSITIONS W]E E/ABLI%$ BETWE5 HIS [N 9T]NAL WORLD ( CULTURE & ! M5AC+ 'O!R' ( A NATURE ?AT MU/ BE TAM$ & BR\<T )9 ! COMPREH5SION & S]VICE ( HIS 9T]E/S4 ,! COLONIZ$ PEOPLE ( ,AFRICA1 ,AM]ICA & ,ASIA W]E DESCRIB$ AS 0O!RS01 SAVAGES1 CLOS] TO NATURE1 LESS EVOLV$1 IRRATIONAL & ?US 9CAPABLE ( RUNN+ !IR [N AFFAIRS4 ,?IS S]V$ TO JU/IFY !IR EXPLOITATION BY ! RATIONAL1 CULTUR$ MAN ( ! ,WE/4 ,! WORK+ & PEASANT CLASSES AT HOME W]E ALSO SE5 TO BE 0O!R0 & !IR BEHAVIOR & CU/OMS A ?REAT & H9DRANCE TO !IR USE BY CAPITAL4 ,FOOTBALL1 ORIG9ALLY PLAY$ BY HUGE NUMB]S 9 ! /REETS1 WAS REMOV$ TO A SPECIFI$ RECTANGLE ( GRASS SURR\ND$ BY /&S & SEATS AT :I* HUGE NUMB]S ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE C\LD N[ ONLY WAT* & PAY TO SEE JU/ #bb M5 PLAY+ ! GAME4 ,! PRODUCTION ( ALCOHOL WAS CONC5TRAT$ 9 ! H&S ( PR(IT-MAK+ CONC]NS & ITS SALE LIMIT$ TO LIC5S$ PREMISES AT P>TICUL> H\RS4 ,MEASURES SU* AS !SE W]E 9T5D$ TO MAKE A WILD1 H$ONI/IC & IRRESPONSIBLE CLASS 9TO A CONTROLL$1 SOB]1 CONSUM]I/ WORK=CE4 ,WOM51 :O HAD BE5 0O!R0 = C5TURIES1 F\ND ?IS VIEW /RONGLY RE9=C$ BY ! NEW B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY4 ,VICTORIAN VALUES PORTRAY$ WOM5 AS EVIL & IRRATIONAL1 NE$+ TO BE LOCK$ UP )9 ! PRISON ( ! B\RGEOIS FAMILY4 ,!IR PURPOSE WAS TO REPRODUCE A WILL+ HAPPY-TO-BE-EXPLOIT$ WORK=CE4 ,! GREAT 0O!R0 TO ,WE/]N CULTURE1 ,NATURE1 WAS SIMIL>LY SE5 AS A =CE TO BE TAM$1 RE9$ 9 & SUBJUGAT$ 9 ! S]VICE ( ! DEVELOP+ URBAN & 9DU/RIAL NE$S TO A COMMODITY-BAS$ SOCIETY4 

,IDEAS3 ,D>W9 & ,NATURAL ,SELECTION 

  

  

,*>LES ,D>W9 IS FAM\S = HIS !ORY ( EVOLUTION FIR/ SET \T 9 #ahei 9 HIS BOOK ON ! ,ORIG9 ( ,SPECIES BY ,MEANS ( ,NATURAL ,SELECTION1 OR ! ,PRES]VATION ( ,FAVOR$ ,RACES 9 ! ,/RUGGLE = ,LIFE4 ,HE HAD TWO IDEAS4 ,FIR/LY1 ALL LIFE ON ?IS PLANET HAS EVOLV$ BY A PROCESS ( EVOLUTION OV] A P]IOD ( MANY MILLIONS ( YE>S4 ,SECONDLY1 ALL 9DIVIDUAL LIFE =MS & SPECIES >E 9 A RU?LESS COMPETITION TO SURVIVE1 A COMPETITION 9 :I* SUP]IOR BE+S W\LD ALWAYS DISPOSSESS & SUPPLANT 9F]IOR ONES4 ,?IS 'LAW ( SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/' WAS ! PROCESS BY :I* EVOLUTION OCCURR$4 ,HIS FIR/ IDEA ATTRACT$ A LOT ( HO/ILITY BECAUSE IT DIRECTLY *ALL5G$ ! RELIGI\S VIEW ( CREATION4 ,! SECOND IDEA1 H[EV]1 WAS FULLY 9 L9E ) ! DOM9ANT CAPITALI/ IDEOLOGY ( ! TIME & PROVID$ A SCI5TIFIC JU/IFICATION = IT4 ,&REW ,C>NEGIE1 A LEAD+ CAPITALI/ ( ! TIME1 WROTE 0444 ! LAW ( COMPETITION1 BE IT B5IGN OR NOT1 IS H]E2 WE CANNOT EVADE IT2 NO SUB/ITUTES = IT HAVE BE5 F\ND2 & :ILE ! LAW MAY SOMETIMES BE H>D = ! 9DIVIDUAL1 IT IS BE/ = ! RACE BECAUSE IT 5SURES SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/ 9 EV]Y DEP>TM5T04 ,WAS ,D>W9 CORRECT8 ,IS SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/ A 'NATURAL' LAW8 ,OR IS IT AN IDEOLOGICAL FANTASY8 ,WE N[ KN[ ?AT ,D>W9'S VIEW ( COMMON DESC5T IS CORRECT4 ,) ! DISCOV]Y ( BO? G5ETICS & ,D,N,A1 WE SEE A COMMONALITY TO ALL LIFE =MS N[ EXI/+1 AS WELL AS TO ALL ?OSE ?AT HAVE EV] EXI/$ ON ?IS PLANET4 ,! *EMICAL LANGUAGE ( LIFE IS ID5TICAL 9 ALL ORGANISMS4 ,! SAME WORK HAS ALSO CONFIRM$ ?AT G5ETIC V>IATION ?R\< G5ES BE+ COMB9$ & RECOMB9$ IS H[ EVOLUTION TAKES PLACE4 ,BUT IS IT AS COMPETITIVE AS ,D>W9 CLAIM$8 

,CO-,EVOLUTION 

  

,9 ORD] = ,D>W9'S !ORY ( 'SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/' TO BE CORRECT1 IT MU/ %[ ?AT ANY NEW SPECIES DEVELOPS \T ( ! OLD ONE ?R\< COMPETITION BETWE5 !M4 ,! EXT9CT SPECIES MU/ LOSE A BATTLE ( SURVIVAL ) ITS SUP]IOR DESC5DANT4 ,! EXAMPLE ( CO-EVOLUTION ( PLANTS & ANIMALS - :]EBY SOME EVOLVE TOGE!R1 OR SPECIES DIFF]5TIATE )\T ONE BE+ DRIV5 TO EXT9CTION - PROVES ?AT ! IDEA ( ! SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/ BE+ ! SOLE BASIS ( EVOLUTION IS FALSE4 ,:Y !N HAS ,D>W9ISM BE5 SO UNCRITICALLY ACCEPT$8 

,! IDEOLOGICAL DIRECTION ( ,D>W9'S !ORIES IS CLE>4 ,HUMANITY HAS DIFF]5TIAT$ ITSELF 9TO SUP]IOR & 9F]IOR RACES ?R\< A PROCESS ( NATURAL SELECTION4 ,HUMANS HAVE CLE>LY 'WON' ! /RUGGLE ( LIFE & )9 HUMAN SOCIETY1 C]TA9 GR\PS HAVE A*IEV$ HI<] /ATUS ?AN O!RS4 ,?IS IDEOLOGY PROVID$ ! SCI5TIFIC 'JU/IFICATION' = ! HI]>*ICAL WORLD-VIEW ?AT ! RUL+ CLASSES HAD ALWAYS PU%$4 ,) ! ONSET ( MOD]N CAPITALISM1 ! RELIGI\S BASIS TO JU/IFY SOCIAL HI]>*IES BECAME A SCI5TIFIC ONE4 ,?IS !N IS :Y CAPITALI/ SOCIETY HAS ALWAYS T\T$ ,D>W9ISM & IGNOR$ ANY EVID5CE CONTRADICT+ IT4 

,MOD]N SCI5TIFIC KN[L$GE 5ABLES US CRITICALLY TO EXAM9E ! HI/ORY ( LIFE ON ?IS PLANET & SEE H[ IT 'FITS' ,D>W9I/ LOGIC4 ,IT SOON BECOMES CLE> ?AT IT DOESN'T FIT AT ALL6 ,! BASIS = EVOLUTION1 IF IT FOLL[$ ,D>W9I/ 'LAWS'1 W\LD BE A ,MAL?USIAN PATT]N ( POPULATION GR[? & *ECK4 ,IF ! WORLD W]E FOLL[+ ,D>W9'S LOGIC WE W\LD EXPECT TO SEE AN 9CREASE 9 NUMB] ( SPECIES1 9CREAS$ /RUGGLE = SURVIVAL BETWE5 !SE SPECIES1 FOLL[$ BY EXT9CTION ( ! 0WEAK]0 SPECIES4 ,H[EV] MO/ MAJOR EV5TS 9 WORLD EVOLUTION %[ ! EXACT OPPOSITE3 EXT9CTION & !N SPECIATION4 ,! BE/KN[N EXAMPLE IS :AT HAPP5$ AFT] ! MASS D9OSAUR EXT9CTIONS4 ,DESPITE ! 9CREAS+ AM\NT ( SCI5TIFIC EVID5CE 9 FIELDS SU* AS GEOLOGY1 ! 'SURVIVAL ( ! FITTE/' DOGMA GOES UN*ALL5G$ BECAUSE ( ! IDEOLOGICAL L9K BETWE5 ,D>W9ISM & ! CAPITALI/ FACADE ?AT DOM9ATES \R LIVES4 ,H]E IS A SECTION ( AN ESSAY 5TITL$ 0,SPONTANEITY & ,ORGANIZATION0 BY ,MURRAY ,BOOK*9 ?AT GIVES A DIFF]5T APPROA* TO ! IDEA ( EVOLUTION4 

0,ECOLOGY D5IES ?AT NATURE CAN BE 9T]PRET$ FROM A HI]>*ICAL VIEWPO9T4 ,MOREOV]1 IT AFFIRMS ?AT DIV]SITY & SPONTANE\S DEVELOPM5T >E 5DS 9 !MSELVES1 TO BE RESPECT$ 9 !IR [N RI<T4 ,=MULAT$ 9 T]MS ( ECOLOGY'S 0ECOSY/EM APPROA*01 ?IS MEANS ?AT EA* =M ( LIFE HAS A UNIQUE PLACE 9 ! BALANCE ( NATURE & ITS REMOVAL FROM ! ECOSY/EM C\LD IMP]IL ! /ABILITY ( ! :OLE4 ,! NATURAL WORLD1 LEFT L>GELY TO ITSELF1 EVOLVES BY COLONIZ+ ! PLANET ) EV] MORE DIV]SIFI$ LIFE =MS & 9CREAS+LY COMPLEX 9T]RELATION%IPS BETWE5 SPECIES 9 ! =M ( FOOD *A9S & FOOD WEBS4 ,ECOLOGY KN[S NO 0K+ ( BEA/S02 ALL LIFE =MS HAVE !IR PLACE 9 A BIOSPH]E ?AT BECOMES MORE & MORE 

DIV]SIFI$ 9 ! C\RSE ( BIOLOGICAL EVOLUTION444440 

,PROGRESS ,9 ,! #b#a/ ,C5TURY 

  

  

,A P]MAN5T FEATURE ( CAPITALISM IS ITS NE$ TO GR[ 9 ORD] TO OV]COME ! LIMITATIONS ?AT =CE IT 9TO P]IODIC CRISES4 ,?IS GR[? TAKES ! =M ( ! CREATION ( NEW PRODUCTS1 NEW M>KETS1 & AN EV]-9CREAS+ RATE ( TURNOV] & GEOGRAPHICAL EXT5SION4 ,TE*NOLOGICAL ADVANCES HAVE 9CREAS$ ! SPE$ ( BO? TRANSPORTATION 7COMMODITIES TO CONSUM]S1 CONSUM]S TO COMMODITIES71 & COMMUNICATIONS 7GLOBAL F9ANCE M>KETS74 ,CORPORATIONS USE PLANN$ OBSOLESC5CE TO A*IEVE AN EV]-9CREAS+ TURNOV] RATE4 ,COMMODITIES 7TAKE MOBILE PHONES1 = EXAMPLE7 >E MADE TO BREAK D[N QUICKLY1 OR BECOME UNFA%IONABLE ?R\< ! PROMOTION ( EV] NEW] & 'IMPROV$' PRODUCTS4 ,?IS HAS 5ABL$ 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM TO E/ABLI% A DEGREE ( 9DEP5D5CE FROM EV5 ! MO/ P[]FUL NATION /ATES4 ,ITS 9CREAS+ WEAL? & P[] IS CONC5TRAT$ 9 >\ND #e CORPORATIONS :O ACC\NT = #h.0 ( ALL WORLD TRADE & 9VE/M5T1 & :OSE 9DIVIDUAL BUDGETS >E (T5 BIGG] ?AN ?OSE ( :OLE NATIONS4 ,NATION /ATES1 P>TICUL>LY ! RI* & MILIT>IZ$ /ATES ( ! ,WE/1 REMA9 P[]FUL1 BUT !Y DO NOT RUN OR CONTROL CAPITALISM4 ,! FUNCTION ( ! /ATE TODAY IS TO CREATE & MA9TA9 CONDITIONS 9 :I* CAPITALISM CAN ?RIVE4 ,?IS CAN BE SE5 9 ! PU% T[>DS FREE TRADE & M>KET LIB]ALIZATION1 PRIVATIZATION1 CUTS 9 PUBLIC SP5D+1 HI< UNEMPLOYM5T & ATTACKS ON ! P[] ( ORGANIZ$ LABOR 9 ALL P>TS ( ! WORLD4 

,! ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD] 

  

  

,?IS MODE ( LATE CAPITALISM1 ! ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD]1 IS RESPONSIBLE = ! MO/ SAVAGE DE/RUCTION ( ! 5VIRONM5T & ! RU?LESS EXPLOITATION ( MILLIONS ( HUMAN LIVES1 ALL EXP5DABLE 9 ! PURSUIT ( PR(IT4 ,CAPITALISM IS NOT A SY/EM BAS$ >\ND ! SATISFACTION ( HUMAN NE$S & DESIRES OR C>E & RESPECT = ! RE/ ( ! NATURAL WORLD1 IT IS A SY/EM BAS$ >\ND ! PRODUCTION ( PR(IT1 AN AB/RACTION CALL$ VALUE & ITS MONET>Y MEASURE4 ,IT IS BAS$ ON ! CON/ANT LOOT+ ( NATURE 7ANIMAL1 VEGETABLE1 M9]AL OR HUMAN7 = 'RAW MAT]IALS' = TRANS=MATION 9TO COMMODITIES = SALE ON ! M>KET TO ?OSE :O HAVE E>N$ !IR KEEP BY 5GAG+ 9 WAGE LABOR4 

,9 ! DEBT-RIDD5 NATIONS ( ! MAJORITY WORLD1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,MONET>Y ,FUND & ,WORLD ,BANK (F] HELP 9 ! =M ( /RUCTURAL ADJU/M5T PROGRAMS4 ,!SE PROGRAMS =CE C\NTRIES TO OP5 !IR M>KETS TO CORPORATIONS & ADOPT EXPORT-BAS$ ECONOMIES :]E SELF-SUFFICI5CY 9 FOOD1 H\S+1 & $UCATION IS SACRIFIC$ TO ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS = EXPORT TO BR+ 9 ! H>D CURR5CY TO REPAY DEBTS4 ,CA% CROPS MU/ BE PRODUC$1 REQUIR+ ! USE ( IMPORT$ & 5VIRONM5TALLY H>MFUL *EMICAL F]TILIZ]S & PE/ICIDES4 ,PRECI\S =E/S >E CUT D[N TO PRODUCE TIMB] PRODUCTS & L& IS CLE>$ = CATTLE GRAZ+ TO DELIV] BURG]S TO EV]Y HI< /REET 9 ! WE/]N WORLD4 ,?IS DE=E/ATION LEADS TO FUR!R GLOBAL W>M+1 & ! LOSS ( PLANT & ANIMAL SPECIES4 

,! RI* & MILIT>IZ$ /ATES RESPOND TO ANY P]CEIV$ *ALL5GE TO ?IS ORD] FROM 0UP/>T0 REGIMES ?R\< ! USE ( SANCTIONS1 ! SUPPORT ( 0REBELS0 OR DIRECT MILIT>Y 9T]V5TION4 ,BUT ?IS %\LD NOT BL9D US TO ! FACT ?AT IT IS ! CORPORATIONS :O CALL ! %OTS4 ,IT IS !Y :O HAVE ! CAPACITY1 REG>DLESS ( ! NE$S ( ANY 9DIVIDUAL /ATE1 TO MOVE A MANUFACTUR+ BASE FROM ONE P>T ( ! WORLD TO ANO!R :]E PRODUCTION CO/S MAY BE *EAP] OR 5VIRONM5TAL RE/RICTIONS EVAD$4 

,! #i_/#a#a ATTACK ON ! ,WORLD ,TRADE ,C5T] HAS GIV5 ! ,U,S ,GOV]NM5T A JU/IFICATION = POLICIES ?AT IT HAD ALREADY PLANN$ 7SEE ! DOCUM5T ',REBUILD+ ,AM]ICAS ,DEF5SES'1 WRITT5 9 ,SEPTEMB] #b74 ,! ,U,S HAS N[ ADOPT$ ! POLICY ( PREEMPTIVE DEF5SE1 ALL[+ IT TO ATTACK C\NTRIES BE=E IT IS ATTACK$ 7OR EV5 ?REAT5$74 ,AF<ANI/AN WAS SUBJECT$ TO ! T]RORISM ( MASS BOMB+ & 9VASION UND] ! PRETEXT ( ATTACK+ ! ,MUSLIM T]ROR GR\P ,AL,QA$A4 ,UND] ?IS LOGIC1 ! ,BRITI% GOV]NM5T %\LD HAVE BOMB$ ,CA?OLIC P>TS ( ,NOR!RN ,IREL& TO DEFEAT ! ,I,R,A OR ! ,IRI% ,REPUBLIC OR ,AM]ICA1 :]E MU* ( ! FUND+ = ! ,I,R,AS >MS CAME FROM4 ,! OV]ALL ,U,S AIM IS TO 9CREASE & CONSOLIDATE ITS POSITION AS ! WORLD'S ONLY SUP]P[]4 ,! W> AGA9/ ,AF<ANI/AN 5ABL$ A CRUCIAL GAS PIPEL9E TO BE BUILT1 ! W> AGA9/ ,IRAQ GAVE IT CONTROL ( MAJOR OIL RES]VES1 NOT =GETT+ ! M>KETS CREAT$ = ,U,S CAPITAL 9 RECON/RUCT+ ALL ?AT ! BOMB+ HAS DE/ROY$4 ,UND]LY+ ALL ?IS IS A MESSAGE TO ! GLOBAL WORK+ CLASS & PEASANTS - BEHAVE1 DON'T REBEL1 OR WE'LL COME & BOMB Y\4 ,9 ! ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD]1 ! RUL+ CLASS WORK TO PROVIDE A GLOBAL /OMP+ GR\ND = A CAPITALISM ?AT IS NOT SIMPLY ! 5EMY ( ECOLOGY1 BUT AN 5EMY ?AT IS 9 ! PROCESS ( BECOM+ MORE DANG]\S & DEADLY ?AN EV] BE=E4 

,P,>,T ,T,W,O3 ,RESPONSES TO ,ECO-,CATA/ROPHE 

  

  

,SURVIVALISM 

  

,! T]M 0SURVIVALISM0 USUALLY REF]S TO PEOPLE GO+ \T 9TO ! WILDS & LIV+ ?R\< A NUCLE> W> OR SIMIL> CATA/ROPHE BY US+ !IR SURVIVAL SKILLS4 ,H[EV] 0SURVIVALISM0 IS ALSO CAPITALISM'S RESPONSE TO ! GR[? 9 CONC]N & AW>5ESS ( 5VIRONM5TAL ISSUES4 ,ECOLOGY1 ONCE SE5 AS A M>G9AL CONC]N1 HAS1 AT ! LEVEL ( APPE>ANCES1 BE5 TAK5 TO ! HE>T ( CAPITALISM4 ,:Y IS ?IS8 

,! ,?REAT ,TO ,CAPITALISM 

  

,! PRES5T ECOLOGICAL CRISIS IS ! 9H]ITANCE ( C5TURIES ( TYRANNY & EXPLOITATION 9 :I* ! MASS ( HUMANITY1 AS WORK]S1 PEASANTS1 SLAVES & SOLDI]S1 HAVE BE5 US$ BY A SMALL ELITE AS M]E TOOLS 9 ! ACCUMULATION ( WEAL?4 ,9 ! PROCESS ! ECO-SY/EMS ( ! PLANET HAVE BE5 TORN AP>T TO MEET ! DEM&S ( A SY/EM BAS$ ON ! 5DLESS PURSUIT ( PR(IT & P[]1 :]E NATURAL RES\RCES >E SIMPLY !RE TO BE EXPLOIT$4 ,US$ AS COMMODITIES !Y >E B\<T1 SOLD & US$ UP4 ,FROM ?IS P]SPECTIVE1 A GR[+ AW>5ESS ( ECOLOGY HAS ! POT5TIAL TO UND]M9E \R ACCEPTANCE ( ?IS SOCIETY4 ,CAPITALISM PRET5DS TO EMBRACE ECOLOGICAL IDEAS1 9 ORD] TO R$EF9E ECOLOGICAL PROBLEMS 9 T]MS ?AT POSE NO ?REAT TO ITS EXI/5CE1 & ACTUALLY 9CREASE ITS /R5G?4 ,SURVIVALISM MASKS SOCIAL DIFF]5CES 9 AN ATTEMPT TO CREATE A FALSE SOCIAL UNITY 9 ! PURSUIT ( '%>$' 9T]E/S4 ,?R\< ! M$IA1 CONSUM]ISM1 & POLITICS1 ! ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM IS PHRAS$ AS ONE ( SURVIVAL )9 ! SY/EM1 RA!R ?AN CAPITALISM BE+ TRANSC5D$ BY A NEW SOCIETY4 ,WE MU/ ALL 0DO \R BIT0 TO SAVE ! PLANET1 )\T BO!R+ TO ASK \RSELVES :O WILL B5EFIT MO/ FROM \R ACTIONS1 US OR !M4 ,WE ALL HAVE A ROLE TO PLAY TO 5SURE ! SURVIVAL ( ! PLANET4 ,& :AT IS ?AT ROLE = ! WORK+ CLASS8 ,! SAME OLD %IT - WORK1 CONSUME & VOTE4 

,CAPITALISM'S ,RESPONSE 

  

,ECOLOGY ITSELF HAS BE5 TURN$ 9TO A COMMODITY TO BE B\<T FROM ! SUP]M>KET %ELF4 ,AS A M>KET+ TOOL1 (F]S LIKE 0#a.0 ,MORE60 OR 0,BUY #b GET #a FREE60 PALE 9 COMP>ISON TO ! PROSPECT ( SAV+ ! PLANET BY BUY+ 0,OZONE ,FRI5DLY0 HAIRSPRAY4 ,ALL ! MAJOR P>TIES N[ MA9TA9 ?AT !Y >E GRE51 ! 5VIRONM5T IS SAFE ONLY 9 !IR H&S4 ,!Y PROMISE MORE WEAL? = ALL ?R\< 9CREAS$ PRODUCTIVITY 7?\< IT BR+S MORE 5VIRONM5TAL EXPLOITATION1 POLLUTION & DE/RUCTION7 :ILE PRET5D+ ! 5VIRONM5T IS SAFE 9 !IR H&S4 

,SUPPORT]S ( ! ,GRE5 ,P>TY DELUDE !MSELVES ?AT ?IS W9D[-DRESS+ IS A M>K ( !IR SUCCESS1 ?AT MA9/REAM P>TIES >E ADOPT+ 5VIRONM5TAL POLICIES4 ,LEAV+ ! 5VIRONM5T TO GOV]NM5TS & MULTI-NATIONAL CORPORATIONS IS LIKE LEAV+ A *ILD ABUS] TO LOOK AFT] A NURS]Y4 ,VOT+ = GRE5 POLICIES TO BE C>RI$ \T BY ! /ATE IS TOTALLY DISEMP[]+2 IT MAY DO A LOT TO BOL/] ! /R5G? ( ! /ATE BUT LITTLE1 IF ANY?+1 TO PROTECT ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,! BASIC PURPOSE ( SURVIVALISM1 !N1 IS TO HIDE ! SOCIAL1 POLITICAL & HI/ORICAL CAUSES ( ! ECOLOGICAL PROBLEM1 & TO 9CORPORATE 5VIRONM5TAL AW>5ESS 9TO ITS [N ECONOMIC LOGIC4 

,RIO ,& ,! ,NEW ,WORLD ,ORD] 

  

  

0,MONEY IS AT ! ROOT ( ALL PROGRESS0 ,JOHN ,MAJOR 

04445VIRONM5TAL PROTECTION & A GR[+ ECONOMY >E 9SEP>ABLE0 ,GEORGE ,BU% S5IOR 

0444!RE IS A GREAT AW>5ESS AB\T ! IMPORTANCE ( A NEW CONTRACT BETWE5 MAN & NATURE0 ,U,N ,SECRET>Y ,G5]AL1 ,B\TROS ,<ALI 

,! ABOVE QUOTATIONS DEMON/RATE H[ ! P>TICIPANTS ( ! ,UNIT$ ,NATIONS ,CONF]5CE ON ! ,5VIRONM5T & ,DEVELOPM5T1 ! #aiia ,E>? ,SUMMIT1 RESPOND$ TO ! PROBLEMS ( GLOBAL ECOLOGICAL CRISIS )9 ! P]SPECTIVE & LANGUAGE ( CAPITALISM4 ,:AT WAS A*IEV$ 8 

,AG5DA #ba -- ,?IS #h-PAGE 0AG5DA0 WAS AGRE$ AS A S]IES ( GUIDEL9ES = GOV]NM5TS COV]+ A RANGE ( ISSUES 9CLUD+ WA/E EMISSIONS1 RECYCL+1 & POPULATION4 ,!RE WAS NO LEGAL OBLIGATION1 & IMPLEM5T+ ! GUIDEL9ES DEP5D$ ON F9ANCIAL 9VE/M5T4 

,BIODIV]SITY -- ,! ,U,S REFUS$ TO SIGN ?IS AGREEM5T TO PROTECT PLANT & ANIMAL DIV]SITY1 AS IT ?REAT5$ ! PRACTICES ( ,TRANSNATIONAL ,CORPORATIONS 7CORPORATIONS7 9VOLV$ 9 BIOTE*NOLOGY & 09TELLECTUAL PROP]TY04 ,AGA9 IMPLEM5TATION DEP5D$ ON F9ANCE & FUR!R RATIFICATION4 

,GLOBAL ,W>M+ -- ?IS AGREEM5T WAS SIGN$ BY #aa C\NTRIES & 5%R9$ 9 LAW BUT ITS RECOMM5DATIONS W]E LIMIT$ BY ECONOMIC RATIONALITY4 ,= 9/ANCE1 AL?\< SCI5TI/S RECOMM5D$ AN IMM$IATE #f.0 R$UCTION 9 ATMOSPH]IC POLLUTION1 ! SIGNATORIES W\LD ONLY FUND ACTION ?AT W\LD R$UCE LEVELS BACK TO #aii BY ! YE> #b - EFFECTIVELY ALL[+ YE>S ( 9CREAS$ EMISSIONS4 

,O!R PROPOSALS & AGREEM5TS W]E MADE CONC]N+ AID1 DE=E/ATION & DES]TIFICATION BUT !SE1 LIKE ! O!RS1 FELL )9 ! OV]ALL PATT]N :]E CORPORATIONS KEPT !MSELVES & !IR ACTIVITIES BEYOND ! REA* ( ANY REGULATORY CONTROLS4 ,YET AGA91 ! NE$S ( CAPITALISM TRIUMPH$ OV] ?OSE ( ! 5VIRONM5T1 ! POOR1 & ! />V+4 ,T5 YE>S ON1 9 #b#a1 !RE WAS ANO!R ,E>? ,SUMMIT1 :I* SAW MORE ( ! SAME1 ) GLOBAL CORPORATIONS EV5 MORE OBVI\SLY SETT+ ! AG5DA 7!Y MADE UP AT LEA/ HALF ( MANY ( ! 'GOV]NM5T' DELEGATIONS AT ! ,SUMMIT1 9CLUD+ ?AT ( ! ,U,K74 ,IS IT AT ALL SURPRIS+ ?AT :AT ! ,E>? ,SUMMITS PRODUC$ WAS NOT WOR? ! 5]GY & RES\RCES P\R$ 9TO !M 7! FIR/ ,SUMMIT TOOK #b YE>S TO ORGANIZE & PRODUC$ #c MILLION PIECES ( PAP]78 ,5VIRONM5TAL PROTECTION & A GR[+ ECONOMY >E NOT 09SEP>ABLE02 !Y >E 5TIRELY 9COMPATIBLE4 

,UNLIKE GRE5 PRESSURE GR\PS OR ! ,LEFT1 WE DO NOT ASK OR EXPECT GLOBAL CAPITALISM TO ACT AGA9/ ITS [N 9T]E/S OR RE=M ITSELF4 ,! F>CE ( ! ,E>? ,SUMMIT %\LD SIGNAL TO ALL ?OSE S]I\SLY COMMITT$ TO PROTECT+ ! 5VIRONM5T ! FUTILITY ( ATTEMPT+ TO 5C\RAGE ANY GOV]NM5T TO ADOPT A GRE5 AG5DA4 ,SU* ACTIVITY IS NOT ONLY NAIVE BUT DANG]\S S9CE IT 5C\RAGES ! ILLUSION ?AT1 EV5 IF A GRE5 GOV]NM5T W]E ELECT$1 IT W\LD BE 9 A POSITION TO OPPOSE ! =CES ( 9T]NATIONAL CAPITALISM4 

,! ,5VIRONM5TAL ,MOVEM5T 

  

,ONE /R& ( 5VIRONM5TAL ACTION 9VOLVES ACCEPT+ ! LEGITIMACY ( ! ,/ATE4 ,! FLIP-SIDE ( ! 'DEMOCRATIC RI<TS' ( 5VIRONM5TAL PROTE/]S IS ! 'DUTY' ( CITIZ5S TO OBEY ! LAWS MADE BY 'DEMOCRATICALLY-ELECT$' GOV]NM5TS & TO RESPECT PRIVATE PROP]TY4 ,BUT GOV]NM5T IS NOT A GOV]NM5T ( ! PEOPLE & ?AT IT1 & ! LAWS IT PASSES1 REPRES5T ! 9T]E/S ( ! RUL+ CLASS AGA9/ US4 ,! PRIVATE PROP]TY !Y >E CONC]N$ AB\T IS ! PROP]TY ( ! RUL+ CLASS4 ,!RE=E IT IS A MI/AKE TO SPEAK AB\T 'RI<TS' 9 A SY/EM ?AT IS NOT \RS 9 ANY S5SE4 ,! GRE5 POLICIES & PROMISES ( ! MA9/REAM POLITICAL P>TIES >E SO MU* POPULI/ W9D[-DRESS+4 

,GRE5 P>TIES >E SUP]FICIALLY MORE ATTRACTIVE4 ,!Y HAVE SOME RADICAL POLICIES SU* AS DEC5TRALISM1 F$]ALISM1 & OPPOSITION TO LEAD]S4 ,BUT IF !Y A*IEVE P[]1 !Y WILL1 LIKE ! MA9/REAM P>TIES1 BE RUNN+ ! /ATE4 ,!Y WILL ALSO -- 9EVITABLY -- BE CORRUPT$ BY P[]1 AS ILLU/RAT$ BY ! ,G]MAN ,GRE5 ,P>TY ONCE IT GOT 9TO P[]4 ,9 ,BRITA9 ! ,GRE5 ,P>TY REFUS$ TO SUPPORT ! MASS NONPAYM5T ( ! ,POLL ,TAX BECAUSE IT DOESN'T SUPPORT ILLEGAL ACTION4 ,SIMIL>LY1 9 ,IREL& ! ,GRE5 ,P>TY SUPPORT$ ! ATTEMPTS BY C\NCILS TO BR+ 9 B9 *>GES 7PEOPLE W\LD HAVE BE5 PAY+ TWICE OV]71 DESPITE ITS UNFAIRNESS & A POPUL> 7& EFFECTIVE7 GRASSROOTS CAMPAIGN ( DIRECT ACTION4 ,CALL+ = A #e YE> MORATORIUM ON ,G,M IS PO9TLESS1 EV5 CAMPAIGN+ = A TOTAL BAN IS PO9TLESS S9CE ! SOV]EIGN NATIONAL /ATE IS NO LONG] 7IF 9DE$ IT EV] WAS7 ! MO/ P[]FUL PLAY] 9 ! GAME2 AT ! 5D ( ! DAY ! MULT9ATIONALS CALL ! %OTS4 ,!Y >E BUSILY /RIK+ D[N ATTEMPTS BY 9DIVIDUAL C\NTRIES TO BAN !IR PRODUCTS & TE*NOLOGY BY REC\RSE TO ! ,W,T,O & V>I\S 9T]NATIONAL 'FREE TRADE AGREEM5TS'4 ,BESIDES :I* ! MO/ P[]FUL POLITICAL_/MILIT>Y =CE 9 ! WORLD1 ! ,U,S_/ ,N,A,T AXIS 79 EFFECT AN EM]G+ WORLD /ATE71 IS RI<T BEH9D !M4 ,:AT IS ! PO9T 9 APPEAL+ DIRECTLY TO ! CORPORATIONS TO BACK D[N OV] ! IMPLEM5TATION ( A TE*NOLOGY ?AT WILL 5ABLE !M TO MONOPOLIZE FOOD PRODUCTION ON A GLOBAL SCALE & RAKE 9 UNIMAG9ABLE PR(ITS8 

,WILL 5VIRONM5TAL ACTION SAVE US8 

  

,GRE5 PRESSURE GR\PS SU* AS ,FRI5DS ( ! ,E>? & ,GRE5PEACE ,9T]NATIONAL DO SOME GOOD PRACTICAL WORK 7P>TICUL>LY ! LOCAL GR\PS71 BUT >E FLAW$ BY !IR 0APOLITICAL0 /ANCE 7:I* MEANS ?AT !Y ACCEPT ! /ATE & CAPITALISM71 & !IR S+LE-ISSUE POLITICS4 ,:]E !Y DO UND]TAKE DIRECT ACTION 7E4G4 ,GRE5PEACE ,LIMIT$7 IT IS C>RI$ \T BY AN ELITE ( ACTIVI/S ON BEHALF ( ! GRE5 MOVEM5T2 IT IS REPRES5TATIONAL RA!R RADICAL 7GRASSROOTS EMP[]+7 POLITICS4 

,SOCIAL PROBLEMS DO NOT EXI/ AS S+LE ISSUES1 SO !Y CAN'T BE TACKL$ BY S+LE-ISSUE CAMPAIGNS4 ,GRE5PEACE ,9T]NATIONAL'S ANTI-FUR-TRAPP+ CAMPAIGN 9 ! #a#i#hS BR\<T !M 9TO CONFLICT ) NATIVE PEOPLES BECAUSE IT FAIL$ TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 SUBSI/5CE ACTIVITY & BIG BUS9ESS TRAPP+ BY MAJOR FUR COMPANIES4 ,= YE>S ! ,CAMPAIGN = ,NUCLE> ,DIS>MAM5T 7,C,N,D7 REFUS$ TO OPPOSE NUCLE> P[]1 EV5 ?\< IT IS 9EXTRICABLY L9K$ TO NUCLE> WEAPONS4 ,!SE EXAMPLES TEA* US ?AT RADICAL POLICIES & G5U9E *ANGE CANNOT COME FROM ABOVE1 AS ! GIFT ( POLITICAL LEAD]S & P>TIES1 !Y MU/ COME FROM BEL[4 ,!Y WILL ONLY BE C>RI$ ?R\< BY ORD9>Y PEOPLE COLLECTIVELY TAK+ P[] = !MSELVES ?R\< DIRECT ACTION & COLLECTIVE ORGANIZATION 7E4G4 WORKPLACE & NEI<BORHOOD ASSEMBLIES1 /REET COMMITTEES ETC71 \TSIDE (1 & AGA9/1 POLITICAL P>TIES4  

  

,PRIMITIVISM 

  

,PRIMITIVISM IS A SET ( VIEWS & P]SPECTIVES BAS$ ON ! IDEA ( A NATURAL & SPIRITUAL HUMANITY 9 H>MONY ) NATURE ?AT BEGAN TO DISAPPE> AS CIVILIZATION DEVELOP$ FROM ,NEOLI?IC TIMES1 TO ! EXT5T ?AT TODAY HUMANITY IS ALI5AT$1 DE-S5SITIZ$ & 9CREAS+LY 9 ?RALL TO MOD]N 9DU/RIAL SOCIETY'S CONDITION+ & CONTROL4 ,ITS MORE EXTREME PROPON5TS 7LIKE ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN7 PROPOSE A RADICAL REGRESSION ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & TE*NOLOGY TO ! LEVEL ( ! HUNT]_/GA!R]4 ,A RADICAL R$UCTION 9 HUMAN POPULATION IS A FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE & AIM ( ALL PRIMITIVI/S4 ,SOME GRE5 ACTIVI/S BELIEVE HUMANITY HAS BECOME SO CORRUPT$ BY MOD]N 'CIVILIZATION' ?AT IT IS HUMANITY ITSELF 7ALL HUMANS EQUALLY1 :E!R !Y >E ROAD SWEEP]S OR ! HEADS ( CORPORATIONS7 ?AT IS RESPONSIBLE = ! ECOLOGICAL CRISIS4 ,!Y >GUE ! PLANET W\LD BE BETT] (F ) FEW] PEOPLE LIV+ ON IT1 & ?IS VIEW HAS L$ TO HOMOPHOBIA1 RACISM & SUPPORT = T]RORISM BY SOME PRIMITIVI/S4 

,EXTREME PRIMITIVI/S BELIEVE ?AT ! TOTAL DE/RUCTION ( CIVILIZATION IS A NECESSITY & ! 9EVITABLE RAPID R$UCTION 9 HUMAN POPULATION APPE>S TO BE A PRICE WOR? PAY+4 ,WE W\LD AGREE ?AT WE W\LD NOT LIKE TO LIVE 9 ! URBAN DY/OPIA ( #b BILLION RAVAG$ S\LS ?AT PRIMITIVI/S PORTRAY BUT NOR W\LD WE WANT TO LIVE 9 A RURAL >CADIA ( ONLY FIFTY MILLION /URDY 9DIVIDUALI/S4 ,) PRIMITIVI/S WE AGREE ?AT 0,NEV] HAS CIVILIZATION MANUFACTUR$ SO MANY MEANS = ITS [N DISAPPE>ANCE4 ,TO /OP ?IS PA? TO SUICIDE1 *ANGE ! WORLD ORD] & 9V5T A NEW WAY ( ORGANIZ+ SOCIAL LIFE BECOMES EA* DAY MORE URG5T BECAUSE AT ! 5D ( ?AT ROAD LIES1 P]HAPS1 ! 5D ( HUMANITY04 ,WE ALSO AGREE ) ?OSE :O SAY1 0,ONLY WIDESPREAD REFUSAL ( ?IS SY/EM & ITS V>I\S =MS ( CONTROL1 REVOLT AGA9/ P[] ITSELF1 CAN ABOLI% CIVILIZATION & POSE A RADICAL ALT]NATIVE04 

,PRIMITIVI/S BELIEVE ?AT HUMANITY HAS A NATURAL CONDITION BUT N[ EXI/S 9 AN UNNATURAL /ATE ?AT IS RAPIDLY HEAD+ T[>DS SPIRITUAL & POSSIBLY PHYSICAL EXT9CTION4 ,MO/ BLAME ! DEVELOPM5T ( CIVILIZATION :I*1 BY 9V5T+ C]TA9 PROCESSES 7= 9/ANCE MA!MATICS7 & SY/EMS 7= 9/ANCE TRADE71 OBJECTIFI$ & COMMODIFI$ ,NATURE & ALI5AT$ HUMANK9D FROM IT4 ,CIVILIZATION DOME/ICATES 9DIVIDUALS FROM AN E>LY AGE4 ,IT ALI5ATES & CREATES 'ALI5' EMOTIONS 7LONG+1 GRE$1 SELFLOVE7 ?AT EXPRESS !MSELVES 9 CONFLICT1 POSSESSIV5ESS1 ! DESIRE TO ACCUMULATE & DEFEAT4 ,MO/ ILLNESS & DISEASE1 9CLUD+ M5TAL ILLNESS1 >E SAID TO BE DIRECT PRODUCTS ( CIVILIZATION4 ,MOD]N M$IC9E (F]S ONLY PALLIATIVES OR A FUR!R ALI5AT+ & CONTROLL+ HI-TE* SOLUTION4 ,HI]>*Y1 DIVISION ( LABOR1 ! SUBJUGATION ( WOM51 /ATES1 PRIE/S1 K+S & >MIES >E ALL PRODUCTS ( A CIVILIZATION PRIMITIVI/S W\LD LIKE TO UNBUILD4 ,WE PR(\NDLY DISAGREE ) PRIMITIVI/S ON ! QUE/ION ( HUMANITY & SPIRITUALITY4 ,FIR/LY1 WE REJECT ! NOTIONS ( A 'NATURAL HUMANITY' ?AT CAN BE R$ISCOV]$ & ITS MORE SUBTLE IDEA ?AT A 'GOOD' HUMANITY CAN ONLY BE A*IEV$ BY REGRESSION TO EI!R A HUNT]-GA!R] EXI/5CE OR AN EXTREMELY PURIFI$ & SIMPLIFI$ 9DIVIDUALISM4 ,MOD]N HUMANITY IS A SOCIAL CON/RUCT1 SOME?+ ?AT CAN BE UNCREAT$ & R$EF9$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( AUTONOMY1 MUTUAL AID & SOLID>ITY )\T ANY NE$ TO B[ TO ! UNREAL4 ,AS REVOLUTION>IES1 WE ACCEPT ?AT NO FUTURE SOCIETY CAN BE BUILT )\T ! E?ICAL DEVELOPM5T ( MILLIONS ( PEOPLE1 ! DEVELOPM5T ( AW>5ESS & UND]/&+1 !IR FREE & CONSCI\S ADH]5CE TO ITS PR9CIPLES & MODES ( ACTION VIA A SOCIAL-ORGANIC CONSCI5CE OR E?IC %>$ BY ALL HUMANITY4 ,WE DISAGREE ) PRIMITIVISM'S DESIRE TO R&OMLY UNBUILD SOCIETY & ! SOMETIMES F]V5T APPROVAL ( IRRATIONALI/ & *AOTIC ATTACKS ON CIVILIZATION - ?IS IS NOT ! REVOLUTION :I* MU/ CONTA9 )9 IT ! SE$S ( A SU/A9ABLE1 FULFILL+ SOCIAL ECOLOGY1 A FREE SOCIETY1 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 

,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S C]TA9LY AGREE ) ! PROBLEMS BUT WE >E (T5 ACCUS$ ( ONLY WANT+ TO RE=M SOCIETY4 ,?IS IS NONS5SE4 ,! ABOLITION ( MONEY1 WAGE RELATIONS1 ! SOCIALIZATION ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION ) ALL GOODS FREE TO USE1 AN 5D TO ALL =MS ( [N]%IP & HI]>*Y1 ! 5D ( DEMOCRACY & ALL O!R *ANGES NE$$ TO BR+ AB\T AN AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ SOCIETY >E NOT 'RE=MS' BUT TRULY REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IF PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION >E TO BE BR\<T 9TO H>MONY ON ! BASIS ( HUMAN NE$ & ECOLOGICAL SU/A9ABILITY1 !N ALL ?+S 9VOLV$ 9 SATISFY+ HUMAN NE$ -- KN[L$GE1 SCI5CE1 TE*NOLOGY1 PRODUCTION1 DI/RIBUTION & PROPAGATION1 EX*ANGE1 COMMUNICATION & SO ON -- WILL NE$ TO BE DECON/RUCT$ & *ANG$ 9 TRULY REVOLUTION>Y WAYS4 

,PRIMITIVI/S HATE TE*NOLOGY & SEEK A REGRESSION TO LEVELS ( TE*NOLOGY :I* W\LD NOT BE ABLE TO SUPPORT CURR5T WORLD LEVELS ( POPULATION NOR GIVE ACCESS TO MANY ?+S B5EFICIAL TO HUMANS4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S AGREE ?AT ! EXT5T TO :I* \R ESS5TIAL HUMANITY CAN DEVELOP IS IMPORTANT & ?AT NOT ALL TE*NOLOGIES >E NEUTRAL4 ,:]E WE DISAGREE IS ?AT A SOCIETY ) A HI< LEVEL ( TE*NOLOGY IS NECESS>ILY EVIL & SELF-DE/RUCTIVE1 VIEW+ ?IS AS A CONSEQU5CE ( CAPITALISM'S MISUSE ( TE*NOLOGY4 ,SOME PRIMITIVI/S SEE ALL =MS ( ORGANIZATION & COLLECTIVE ACTION AS ALI5AT+ & ADVOCATE A REV]SION TO A 'SOCIETY' ( SELF-SUFFICI5T1 SELF-REALIZ+ 9DIVIDUALS1 A 'NATURAL' HUMANITY4 ,AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S 9 CONTRA/1 SEE SOCIETY AS ! TRULY LIB]AT+ & LIB]ATORY 5VIRONM5T 9 :I* HUMANITY MAY F9D ITS GREATE/ EXPRESSION4 ,:ILE AGREE+ ) MANY ?AT 'TE*NOLOGY' IS NOT NEUTRAL & ?AT CIVILIZATION MU/ BE RADICALLY-RE=M$ 9 WAYS ?AT >E SU/A9ABLE & MAXIMIZE BO? HUMAN 9DIVIDUALITY & SOCIABILITY 7FRE$OM & SOCIETY71 WE >E COMPLETELY NEUTRAL 9 \R APPROA* TO :AT TE*NOLOGY1 :I* TOOLS1 US$ H[ & :54 ,TE*NOLOGY IS NOT A MATT] ( MORALS BUT :AT WORKS1 )9 ! CONTEXT ( SU/A9ABILITY & HUMANITY4 

,*ANGE ,Y\RSELF1 ,*ANGE ,! ,WORLD 

  

,LIFE/YLISM IS ! !ORY ?AT MAJOR SOCIAL *ANGE WILL ONLY COME AB\T ?R\< 9DIVIDUALS *ANG+ ! WAY ?AT !Y LIVE & RELATE TO O!R 9DIVIDUALS4 ,IT IS VITAL = REVOLUTION>IES TO EXAM9E & *ANGE ! WAY ?AT !Y LIVE -- = EXAMPLE TO TACKLE RACISM & SEXISM 9 !MSELVES & O!RS4 ,?OSE :O DON'T1 'SPEAK ) A CORPSE 9 !IR M\?S'4 ,BUT ON IT'S [N ?IS IS NOT 5\<4 

,LIFE/YLISM IS AN 9DIVIDUALI/IC !ORY4 ,IT BELIEVES ?AT SOCIETY IS MADE UP ( 9DIVIDUALS :O POSSESS REAL *OICES AB\T H[ !Y LIVE3 = EXAMPLE :E!R !Y DO WAG$ WORK & :AT JOB !Y DO1 :E!R !Y LIVE COMMUNALLY1 PAY R5T1 SQUAT ETC4 ,IF 5\< PEOPLE MAKE ! RI<T MORAL OR E?ICAL *OICES & ACT UPON !M1 RE=M OR MAJOR SOCIAL *ANGE WILL OCCUR - RI<T8 

,MANY PEOPLE LOOK CRITICALLY AT :AT FOOD !Y BUY & EAT1 = REASONS ( HEAL?1 ECOLOGY1 ANIMAL LIB]ATION & SOCIAL JU/ICE4 ,!Y BOYCOTT ',?IRD ,WORLD' CA% CROPS SU* AS TEA1 C(FEE & SUG> 9 FAVOR ( 0NON-EXPLOIT+0 HOME PRODUCE2 BUY FRE]ANGE & ORGANIC :OLEFOODS RA!R ?AN FOOD ?AT IS FACTORYF>M$ & *EMICALLY TREAT$1 REF9$ OR ADULT]AT$2 ADOPT VEGET>IAN OR VEGAN DIETS RA!R ?AN MEAT OR DAIRY ONES4 ,9 ! WID] >EAS ( CONSUMPTION1 LIFE/YLI/S BOYCOTT 'BAD' COMPANIES CONNECT$ ) OPPRESSIVE REGIMES1 VIVISECTION OR ! >MS TRADE4 ,SIMIL>LY1 !Y FAVOR SMALL %OPS & CO-OP]ATIVES RA!R ?AN SUP]M>KETS & HI]>*ICAL BUS9ESSES4 

,H[EV]1 CAMPAIGN+ AGA9/ 'BAD COMPANIES' IMPLIES ?AT !RE >E 'GOOD' COMPANIES4 ,BIG COMPANIES >E ONLY WORSE ?AN SMALL ONES BECAUSE !Y >E BIGG]4 ,9 A CLASS SOCIETY1 WORK] & CONSUM] CO-OPS >E ONLY A MILD] =M ( EXPLOITATION4 ,BECAUSE !Y >E 5VIRONM5TALLY CONC]N$ !Y BUY GRE5 PRODUCTS ?AT CLAIM TO BE ECO-FRI5DLY & TRY TO RECYCLE :AT !Y USE4 ,G>D5S & ALLOTM5TS >E US$ TO PRODUCE FRUIT & VEGETABLES1 & ,L,E,T,S 7,LOCAL ,EX*ANGE ,TRADE ,S*EMES7 5ABLE PEOPLE TO DIRECTLY EX*ANGE GOODS & S]VICES AT A LOCAL LEVEL & ) M9IMUM USE ( MONEY4 

,MANY LIFE/YLI/S >E ALSO PACIFI/S1 PEOPLE OPPOS$ TO VIOL5CE1 P>TICUL>LY ! EXI/5CE ( ! MILIT>Y & ! CRIM9AL WA/E & MISALLOCATION ( RES\RCES ( ! >MS TRADE4 ,PEACEFUL ME?ODS >E ! MEANS TO AN 5D2 A PEACEFUL SOCIETY4 ,BECAUSE ALL BEHAVIOR IS A MATT] ( 9DIVIDUAL *OICE1 POLICE ON PICKETS & DEMON/RATIONS 7= EXAMPLE7 %\LD BE TREAT$ AS 9DIVIDUALS :O 0CAN BE NICE TO Y\ IF Y\'RE NICE TO !M04 ,= A NUMB] ( PACIFI/S ALL VIOL5CE IS EQUALLY BAD 7:E!R COMMITT$ BY OPPRESSORS OR OPPRESS$71 SO IT WAS WRONG = DEMON/RATORS TO DEF5D !MSELVES2 !Y %\LD SIMPLY LIE D[N PASSIVELY :ILE BE+ >RE/$ OR BEAT5 UP4 ,SOME PACIFI/S EV5 >GUE AGA9/ US+ PEACEFUL =CE1 = EXAMPLE A NONVIOL5T WORKPLACE OCCUPATION1 BECAUSE IT IS 'VIOL5T' TO IMPOSE Y\R WILL ON O!R PEOPLE1 YET !Y REMA9 BL9D TO ! 9/ITUTIONAL VIOL5CE ( ,CAPITALISM1 :I* - = EXAMPLE -- R\T9ELY KILLS1 9JURES & H>MS ?\S&S ( WORK]S 9 ! NAME ( PR(IT4 

,! FUNDAM5TAL FLAW ( LIFE/YLISM AS A POLITICAL !ORY IS ITS 9DIVIDUALI/IC BASIS4 ,AS AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S WE SEE 9DIVIDUAL FRE$OM AS VITAL1 BUT ! GU>ANTEE ( ?IS LIES 9 ! SOCIAL FRE$OM ( ALL4 ,WE LIVE 9 A CLASS SOCIETY ?AT IS ORGANIZ$ = ! WEAL? & P[] ( AN ELITE1 ! RUL+ CLASS 7,BOSSES1 ,L&LORDS1 ,JUDGES1 ,POLITICIANS1 ,TOP ,MILIT>Y1 ,POLICE & ,CIVIL ,S]VANTS74 ,! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE -- ! WORK+ CLASS -- HAVE NO REAL *OICE AB\T H[ !Y LIVE4 ,!Y >E =C$ TO DO BOR+1 USELESS 7& UNHEAL?Y7 WORK = A BOSS1 ! DRUDG]Y ( FULLTIME H\SEWORK & *ILDC>E1 OR ! POV]TY & H>ASSM5T ( 0LIV+0 ON WELF>E B5EFITS4  

  

,! REALITY IS ?AT PRODUCTION = PR(IT 9EVITABLY MEANS ! DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION ( PEOPLE1 USELESS PRODUCTION1 ! RU9ATION ( NATURE1 ITS POLLUTION & DE/RUCTION4 ,! PEOPLE :O DECIDE :AT IS PRODUC$ & H[ >E NEI!R WORK]S NOR CONSUM]S4 ,!Y >E ! PEOPLE :O [N ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION 7L&1 FACTORIES ETC71 ! BOSSES & L&LORDS4 ,!IR SOLE MOTIVATION IS PR(IT BY DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION4 ,ORGANIZ$ CONSUM] CAMPAIGNS CAN HAVE AN EFFECT1 IF ALLI$ TO WORK]S' ACTION1 = 9/ANCE BOYCOTT+ ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS DUR+ A /RIKE4 ,:AT IS NE$$ IS LOCAL & NATIONAL ORGANIZATION1 & COLLECTIVE DIRECT ACTION1 5D+ 9 ! WORK+ CLASS SEIZ+ ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & RECLAIM+ ?OSE PLACES D5I$ TO US & SIMULTANE\SLY CREAT+ /RUCTURES :]E EV]YONE HAS A DIRECT SAY AB\T ALL ASPECTS ( SOCIETY3 WORKPLACE & NEI<BORHOOD C\NCILS1 /REET COMMITTEES & SO ON4 ,ONLY 9 SU* A CLASSLESS SOCIETY -- ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM -- WILL WE HAVE PRODUCTION = USE 9 A WORLD HUMAN COMMUNITY ?AT IS ALSO 9 H>MONY ) NATURE4 

,RE=M ,IS ,NOT ,5\< 

  

,AS AN>*I/S1 WE %\LD MAKE EXPLICIT ! REAL CAUSES ( 5VIRONM5TAL PROBLEMS 9 \R PROPAG&A4 ,WE %\LD NOT SOLELY >GUE ?AT REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE IS ! ONLY ALT]NATIVE TO ECOLOGICAL DISA/] BUT ALSO TALK ( :AT ACTION PEOPLE CAN TAKE H]E & N[ TO MAKE REAL IMPROVEM5TS & *ANGES4 ,WE MU/ %[ ?AT = US SURVIVAL BY ITSELF IS NOT 5\<4 ,WE AIM TO COMPLETELY TRANSC5D CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & ALL =MS ( DOM9ATION & EXPLOITATION1 = A SOCIETY :]E PRODUCTION IS GE>$ T[>D G5U9E NE$ 7AS DEF9$ BY PEOPLE !MSELVES71 & PRODUCE IS FREELY DI/RIBUT$4 ,9 SU* A SOCIETY 7AN>*I/ COMMUNISM71 WE W\LD BE FREE ( ! ALI5AT+ BOR$OM & DRUDG]Y ( WORK1 COMPETITION1 & CONSUM]ISM4 ,:AT WE MU/ DO IS TO BR+ ! S+LE ISSUE ( ECOLOGY 9TO ! G5]AL T]RA9 ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,?IS MEANS BREAK+ D[N ! B>RI]S BETWE5 ! MASS ( EXPLOIT$ HUMANITY GLOBALLY4 ,IT NE$S US TO GO ON ! (F5SIVE4 0444,N[ IT'S BETWE5 CORPORATIONS & CITIZ5S TO FI<T IT \T DIRECTLY01 AS ECO-FEM9I/ ,V&ANA ,%IVA CONCLUD$ AFT] ! #aiia ,E>? ,SUMMIT4 

,! ,ANTI-,ROADS ,MOVEM5T 

  

,! #a#i#iS SAW A RADICAL ANTI-ROADS MOVEM5T 9 ! ,U,K4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS1 ! ,FRI5DS ( ,! ,E>? & ,GRE5PEACE HAD ATTRACT$ MANY GRE5 ACTIVI/S TO !IR POPULI/-ACTIVI/ 5VIRONM5TALISM4 ,BUT BY ! #a#i#hS ?IS HAD DEG5]AT$ 9TO PR(ESSIONAL LOBBY+ ( GOV]NM5TS & CORPORATIONS ) ACTIVI/S BECOM+ MEMB]S_/SUPPORT]S :O RAIS$ OR GAVE MONEY BUT DID LITTLE ELSE4  

  

,! VOID WAS FILL$ BY ,E>? ,FIR/6 7,E,F67 9 ,BRITA93 A RADICAL ECOLOGY GR\P COMMITT$ TO DIRECT ACTION & GRASSROOTS ORGANIZATION TRANSPLANT$ FROM ITS P>5T ORGANIZATION 9 ,AM]ICA 7SEE ,ORGANIZE _?#b#f & _?#b#h = ANALYSIS ( ,E,F6 9 ,AM]ICA74 

,9 ,BRITA9 ,E,F6 WAS HEAVILY-9FLU5C$ BY RADICAL LIB]AL PROTE/ & ! ANIMAL RI<TS MOVEM5T4 ,FROM !SE IT 9H]IT$ MILITANT MORALISM & ! TACTICS ( COLLECTIVE DIRECT ACTION1 LOBBY+1 PUBLICITY /UNTS & NONVIOL5T CIVIL DISOB$I5CE4 ,E,F6 HAS ADOPT$ NONVIOL5CE AS A PR9CIPLE 7RA!R ?AN AS A TACTIC74 ,! JU/IFICATION IS ?AT IT GIVES A GOOD M$IA IMAGE1 ?US W9N+ OV] PUBLIC OP9ION & CREAT+ A MORAL /ANCE1 9 CONTRA/ TO ! MAT]IALI/ IMMORALITY ( ! ROAD BUILD]S4 ,! M$IA >E NOT NEUTRAL H[EV]1 BUT P>T ( ! ,/ATE1 L>GELY [N$ BY MILLIONAIRE 7OR BILLIONAIRE7 CAPITALI/S SU* ,RUP]T ,MURDO* OR ,CONRAD ,BLACK4 ,IT DEF9ES ! T]MS ( POLITICAL DEBATE 7E4G4 SECURITY =CES VS4 T]RORI/S1 H>D-WORK+ POLICE VS4 SCR\NG]S & SO ON74 ,AS ,AUFHEB5 PO9T \T1 LIB]AL ACTIVI/S VIEW PUBLIC OP9ION AS HOMOG5\S & PASSIVE1 NE$+ A BL&1 ACCEPTABLE IMAGE ( OPPOSITION4 ,H[EV]1 WIDESPREAD PUBLIC SUPPORT = 7= 9/ANCE7 ! #a#i#h#d-#h#e ,M9]'S ,/RIKE1 ! ,ANTI-,POLL ,TAX CAMPAIGN1 HUNT SABOTEURS & ! ANTI-ROAD MOVEM5TS1 DESPITE !M BE+ PORTRAY$ 9 ! M$IA AS VIOL5T & CRIM9AL1 CONTRADICT ?IS VIEW4 ,! LOGIC ( PR9CIPL$ NONVIOL5CE IS ?AT !RE IS NO DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! VIOL5CE ( ! SY/EM 7/>VATION1 POV]TY1 WAGE SLAV]Y1 W> ETC7 & ! VIOL5CE EMPLOY$ BY PEOPLE RESI/+ IT4 ,?IS >GUM5T C\LD ALSO BE EXT5D$ TO DAMAGE OR DE/RUCTION ( PROP]TY1 I4E4 IT IS MORALLY WRONG TO CUT F5CES OR SABOTAGE CON/RUCTION EQUIPM5T4 ,SOME TALK IDIOTICALLY AB\T 'VIOL5CE' AGA9/ PROP]TY BE+ BAD - A RECIPE = DO+ NO?+ AT ALL4 

,/RATEGY 

  

,! RADICAL ANTI-ROADS MOVEM5T1 P>TICUL>LY ! ,M#a#a CAMPAIGN1 DID NOT TAKE ?IS L9E1 & HAD A GOOD RECORD ( SABOTAGE4 ,! RATIONALE BEH9D ! ANTI-ROAD MOVEM5T'S /RATEGY & TACTICS WAS ?AT !IR RESI/ANCE IS EXP5SIVE TO ! ROAD BUILD]S & ?AT ! EXTRA CO/ W\LD CREATE A NEW POLITICAL CLIMATE :]E ! ,GOV]NM5T W\LD REFUSE TO UND]WRITE ! ROAD-BUILD]S4 ,?IS 'RAISE ! CO/' /RATEGY DID LEAD TO A TEMPOR>Y SL[-D[N 9 ! BUILD+ ( ROADS & ATTEMPTS TO F9D DIFF]5T SOLUTIONS 7SU* AS CONGE/ION *>G+7 BUT SOON ! ROADS LOBBY WAS BACK ON TRACK4 ,:]E W]E ! PROTE/S :5 ,BRITA9'S FIR/ TOLL MOTORWAY WAS BE+ BUILT8 ,! PAUSE SIMPLY L$ TO ! ANTI-ROAD MOVEM5T MELT+ AWAY1 CONV9C$ IT HAD 'WON' ! >GUM5T6 

,A FUR!R >GUM5T US$ AGA9/ VIOL5T TACTICS IS ?AT !Y GIVE ! POLICE AN EXCUSE TO WADE 91 BUT ! ANTI-ROAD MOVEM5TS [N EXP]I5CE \<T TO HAVE TAU<T IT ?AT ! POLICE DO NOT NE$ 'PROVOCATION'3 ! POLICE >E VIOL5T :5 !Y WANT OR NE$ TO BE4 ,! QUE/ION ( :E!R OR NOT TO USE VIOL5CE %\LD !RE=E BE ONE ( TACTICS1 RA!R ?AN PR9CIPLE4 ,! 5TIRE ,/ATE APP>ATUS ) ITS >MY1 C\RTS & PRISONS IS BAS$ ON VIOL5CE4 ,CAPITALI/ EXPLOITATION IS A VIOL5T ATTACK ON \R FRE$OM & WELLBE+4 ,IT SEEMS HI<LY UNLIKELY ?AT WE CAN OV]COME !IR P[] )\T ANY USE ( VIOL5CE4 ,H[EV]1 IT IS EQUALLY WRONG TO HAVE VIOL5CE AS A PR9CIPLE ( ACTION4 ,AS ,EMMA ,GOLDMAN SAID1 0,! MORE ! VIOL5CE1 ! LESS ! REVOLUTION4 ,!RE=E1 ! DECISION ( :E!R OR NOT TO USE VIOL5CE %\LD DEP5D ON :AT TACTICS WILL BE/ A*IEVE \R 5DS1 :IL/ ATTEMPT+ TO M9IMIZE VIOL5CE04 

,! ,FUTURE 

  

,! ANTI-ROADS MOVEM5T 9 ! #a#i#iS HAD A BIG IMPACT1 DESPITE DEFEATS SU* AS ,TWY=D ,D[N & ! ,M#a#a4 ,!IR RESI/ANCE1 COMB9$ ) A NUMB] ( O!R FACTORS 7GR[+ AW>5ESS ( ! 9ADEQUACY ( PUBLIC TRANSPORT1 ! HEAL? PROBLEMS CAUS$ BY C>S & PRESSURE ON TRANSPORT BUDGETS AT A TIME ( G5]AL GOV]NM5T CUTS71 L$ TO ! %ELV+ ( PLANS TO LEVEL ,OXLEAS ,WOOD1 ! PO/PONEM5T ( #f O!R ROAD S*EMES1 & A ONE-?IRD CUT 9 ! NATIONAL ROAD BUILD+ PROGRAM4 ,BUT ! ,U,K GOV]NM5T HAS REC5TLY 7SUMM] #b#c71 ANN\NC$ A MAJOR ROAD BUILD+ PROGRAM1 CONSI/+ ( WID5+ ( EXI/+ MAJOR ROADS SU* AS ! ,M#b#e4 ,?IS1 COMB9$ ) ITS RAPID CAPITULATION TO ROAD-HAULAGE PROTE/S 7OV] ! PRICE ( DIESEL FUEL7 9 ! LATE #a#i#iS F9ALLY EXPOSE ,NEW ,LABOR'S PROMISE TO SLA% ! VOLUME ( C>S 9 FAVOR ( TRA9S & BUSSES4 ,9 ! M$IUM T]M ! ,/ATE'S PLANS TO 9TRODUCE ELECTRONIC TOLL+ >E ADVANC+ APACE1 DESPITE FE>S ( A BACKLA% BY MIDDLE-CLASS C> US]S4 ,!Y >E WAT*+ ! C> R$UCTION TRIALS ( LOCAL GOV]NM5T 7SU* AS ! ,LONDON CONGE/ION *>GE71 TO GAUGE PUBLIC REACTION1 AS WELL AS !IR SUCCESS4 ,TOLLS >E CURR5TLY *>G$ ON A ?IRD ( ,EUROPEAN MOTORWAYS4 ,TE*NOLOGY IS ALREADY F> DEVELOP$ = TOLL+1 ELECTRONIC MONITOR+ & CONTROL ( VEHICLE SPE$S AS A WAY ( R$UC+ TRAFFIC JAMS1 9CREAS+ TRAFFIC FL[S1 & ( C\RSE1 9CREAS+ REV5UE & PR(ITS = ! /ATE & PRIVATE CAPITAL4 

,L9KS 

  

,IT IS VITAL ?AT ANTI-ROAD CAMPAIGN]S1 TRANSPORT WORK]S & ?OSE ?REAT5$ BY ROAD S*EMES BUILD L9KS4 ,REVOLUTION>IES %\LD BE WORK+ TO BUILD & SUPPORT ?IS PROCESS4 ,PRACTICAL MEASURES TO R$UCE ! SPE$ & VOLUME ( C>S1 & PROMOTE HUMAN-SCALE ALT]NATIVES %\LD BE SUPPORT$1 AS LONG AS !Y ALSO PROMOTE ! P[] ( WORK]S & COMMUNITIES1 RA!R ?AN LOCAL_/NATIONAL GOV]NM5T1 & CORPORATIONS ?R\< TAXATION & TOLLS4 ,ULTIMATELY1 A COMMUNITY-BAS$1 ACCESSIBLE1 & GRE5 PUBLIC TRANSPORT SY/EM CAN ONLY BE BUILT AS P>T ( A REVOLUTION>Y TRANS=MATION4 ,ITS COMPON5TS WILL 9CLUDE POPUL> PLANN+ 9VOLV+ ALL ! COMMUNITIES AFFECT$1 M9IMIZ+ ! NE$ = TRANSPORT ?R\< 9CREAS$ LOCAL SELF-RELIANCE1 A S]VICE ?AT IS FREE & ACCESSIBLE TO ALL1 M9IMAL POLLUTION & DI/URBANCE TO ! 5VIRONM5T & COMMUNITY1 & COMPATIBILITY ) A ?RIV+ /REET LIFE ( PLAY1 TALK1 WALK+ & CYCL+4 

,N,O,T,E3 ,WE >E 9DEBT$ TO ,AUFHEB5 _?#c = !IR EXCELL5T ANALYSIS ( ! ANTI-ROADS MOVEM5T4 ,AUFHEB5 7,G,B,P#b4 "4 P@&P7 

C_/O ,PRIOR ,H\SE1 ,TILBURY ,PLACE1 ,BRI<TON ,B,N#b #b,G,Y 

,LEGISLATE OR ,DIE8 

  

,GOV]NM5TS ( ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ C\NTRIES SIGN$ A TREATY 9 #a#i#h#g1 ! ,MONTREAL ,PROTOCOL1 AGREE+ TO HALVE ! PRODUCTION ( ,C,F,C'S 7,*LOR(LUOROC>BONS1 :I* DAMAGE ! OZONE LAY] CAUS+ GLOBAL W>M+7 BY ! YE> #b4 ,BUT IT W\LD TAKE AN #h#e.0 R$UCTION TO 5ABLE ! OZONE LAY] TO REPAIR ITSELF4 ,ACID RA9 IS SIMIL>LY BE+ 'TACKL$'3 TOO LITTLE1 TOO LATE1 ) ! ROOT CAUSES BE+ NEGLECT$4 ,SIMIL>LY1 ! ,E>? ,SUMMITS AT ,RIO 7#a#i#i#a71 & ,KYOTO 7#b#a71 A*IEV$ LITTLE BEYOND NE$LESSLY DE/ROY+ YET MORE RA9=E/ TO PRODUCE ! TONS ( DOCUM5TS = !M4 

,LEAD-FREE PETROL SUPPOS$LY MAKES C> EXHAU/S OKAY1 BUT C>S >E /ILL MAJOR POLLUT]S & PR(\NDLY ANTI-SOCIAL1 KILL+ #f PEOPLE A YE> 9 ,BRITA9 & 9JUR+ #d14 ,! ,CONS]VATIVE ,GOV]NM5T'S CONV]SION TO 5VIRONM5TALISM 9 ! #a#i#iS 7E4G4 ITS M>G9AL 'GRE5 TAXES'7 W]E W9D[ DRESS+3 ! EXPANSION ( NUCLE> P[] & REPROCESS+ WAS PRES5T$ AS GRE51 NOT CONTRIBUT+ TO GLOBAL W>M+ 7SIC71 9 CONTRA/ TO 'DIRTY' COAL FIR$ P[] /ATIONS4 ,! REALITY IS ?AT NUCLE> P[] LEADS TO RADIATION AT ALL /AGES ( ! NUCLE> *A91 BUT IS MORE EASILY CONTROLL$ BY ! ,/ATE1 AS WELL AS PROVID+ MAT]IAL = NUCLE> WEAPONS4 ,DESPITE ! GRE5 PROMISES ( ,NEW ,LABOR1 9 P[] ,BLAIR'S GOV]NM5T HAVE MANAG$ ?+S = ,CAPITAL4 ,! 9TRODUCTION ( ,G,M CROPS UND] ! GUISE ( 'TRIALS' DESPITE MASS OPPOSITION 79CLUD+ DIRECT ACTION7 IS A PRIME EXAMPLE4 ,! REALITY ( ! DYNAMIC ( POLITICAL P[] IS ?AT GOV]NM5TS HAVE P[] OV] ! WORK+ CLASS1 & ALWAYS USE ?AT P[] 9 ! 9T]E/S ( ,MONEY4 

,TAKE ! EXAMPLE ( AGRICULTURE3 9 ! 0DEVELOP$0 WORLD1 IT IS MO/LY L>GE-SCALE 9DU/RIALIZ$ AGRIBUS9ESS4 ,! EMPHASIS IS ON GR[+ S+LE CROPS 9 HUGE FIELDS -- MONOCULTURE - CREAT+ AN UN/ABLE ECOSY/EM4 ,! CROPS >E MU* MORE VULN]ABLE TO PE/S1 NECESSITAT+ *EMICAL PE/ICIDES4 ,*EMICAL F]TILIZ]S >E US$ TO OBTA9 7%ORT T]M7 HI< YIELDS1 9 ! LONG T]M !SE DEPLETE ! SOIL ( NUTRI5TS & YIELDS FALL4 ,PE/ICIDES KILL BO? PE/S & ! CREATURES ?AT PREY ON !M1 !Y ALSO POISON FOOD & DR9K+ WAT]4 ,FACTORY F>M+ -- CONC5TRATION CAMPS = ANIMALS -- IS MORALLY 9DEF5SIBLE1 & PRODUCES UNHEAL?Y MEAT1 EGGS & MILK4 ,!RE IS MASSIVE1 GOV]NM5T-SUBSIDIZ$ OV]-PRODUCTION 7LEAD+ TO EXAMPLES SU* AS ! FAM\S BUTT] M\NTA9S & W9E LAKES74 ,?IS FOOD IS F$ BACK TO ANIMALS1 PRODUC+ DELI<TS SU* AS ,C,J,D 7'MAD C[' DISEASE1 & FOOT-&-M\?7 OR DE/ROY$4 ,IT'S MORE ECONOMIC 9 CAPITALI/ T]MS1 ?AN SELL+ IT *EAPLY1 OR GIV+ IT TO ! MILLIONS ( MALN\RI%$ & />V+ PEOPLE :O NE$ IT4 ,! ,BIG ,FOOD-,BIG ,GOV]NM5T AXIS P]IODICALLY TRIES TO =CE FAM9E-/RICK5 C\NTRIES TO ACCEPT ,G,M MAIZE1 KN[+ ITS SE$ /OCKS WILL BE HOPELESSLY POLLUT$ BY ,G,M CONTAM9ATION4 ,F>M]S >E PAID TO KEEP GOOD L& FALL[ 9 ORD] TO KEEP PRICES HI<2 FOOD IS /OCKPIL$ OR DE/ROY$ = ! REASON4 

,WE ,CAN ,SAVE ,! ,PLANET 7,= ,\RSELVES67 

  

  

,COMPANIES >E MAK+ AN 9CREAS+ NUMB] & RANGE ( '5VIRONM5TALLY-FRI5DLY' & 'HEAL?Y' PRODUCTS1 SU* AS BLEA*ES & DET]G5TS OR UNADULT]AT$ FOODS4 ,!SE PRODUCTS >E 9V>IABLY MORE EXP5SIVE 7& CAN ONLY BE B\<T BY ! BETT]-(F71 & !Y >E ALSO ! 'ACCEPTABLE' FACE ( CORPORATIONS :O CONT9UE TO MAKE ! SAME OLD JUNK 9 L>GE QUANTITIES TO SELL TO ! POOR OR DUMP 9 POOR C\NTRIES4 ,BIG FIRMS SU* AS ,%ELL SP5D MILLIONS ON ADV]TIS+ & ,P,R1 LETT+ US KN[ H[ 'GRE5' !Y >E - RECLAIM+ ! L& AFT] !Y'VE US$ IT1 PUTT+ !IR PIPEL9ES UND]GR\ND & GIV+ MONEY TO GRE5 PROJECTS -- YET !Y CONT9UE 7) !IR GOV]NM5T P>TN]S7 TO BE ! 5VIRONM5TAL T]RORI/S4 ,CONSUM]ISM 7ALI5AT$ BUY+ TO BE HAPPY7 IS P>T ( ! PROBLEM4 ,CAPITALISM WANTS US TO SP5D ALL ( \R 'FREE' TIME 7:5 WE'RE NOT WORK+ TO LIVE OR BUSY ) DOME/IC DRUDG]Y7 BUY+ 0LEISURE04 

,A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ! 5VIRONM5TAL MOVEM5T REMA9S W$D$ TO ! IDEA ?AT CAPITALISM CAN PROVIDE TE*NOLOGICAL 'FIXES' TO ! MEGACIDE IT HAS CREAT$4 ,AL?\< GRE5 PRODUCTS >E PREF]ABLE1 !Y >E NOT ! ANSW]4 ,!Y'RE AN 9DIVIDUAL SOLUTION TO A SOCIAL PROBLEM3 :O CONTROLS :AT1 IS PRODUC$ & H[4 ,AS 9DIVIDUALS ! MAJORITY ( US -- ! WORK+ CLASS -- HAVE NO CONTROL OV] \R LIVES4 ,WE C]TA9LY DON'T HAVE A SAY OR EX]CISE ANY SOCIAL CONTROL OV] :AT WE DO OR DON'T BUY 7OR AS DISSID5T %>EHOLD]S74 

,A PRIME EXAMPLE IS ?AT ( GRE5 C> TE*NOLOGY4 ,IT TOOK YE>S - ?ANKS TO ! /R5G? ( ! ROADS LOBBY - TO W9 ! 9TRODUCTION ( LEAD-FREE PETROL4 ,BUT C>S REMA9 MASSIVE POLLUT]S1 SO :AT WAS A*IEV$8 ,TRAFFIC FUMES >E A MAJOR CONTRIBUTOR TO ! GRE5H\SE GASES ?AT PRODUCE GLOBAL W>M+4 ,C>S & LI<T VANS PRODUCE #a#h.0 ( GLOBAL C>BON DIOXIDE EMISSIONS 7) MORE PRODUC$ BY !IR MANUFACTURE71 NITR\S OXIDE 7:I* CONTRIBUTES TO SURFACE & TROPOSPH]IC OZONE71 & C>BON MONOXIDE4 ,A PROPORTION ( NITROG5 OXIDES TURN TO NITRIC ACID1 FALL+ AS ACID RA94 ,!Y REACT ) O!R *EMICALS 9 SUNLI<T TO =M PETRO*EMICAL SMOGS ?AT DE/ROY MILLIONS ( DOLL>S WOR? ( CROPS 9 ,AM]ICA & ELSE:]E4 ,CATALYTIC CONV]T]S >E SUPPOS$ TO R$UCE EMISSIONS ( !SE DANG]\S POLLUTANTS4 ,!Y DON'T WORK :5 COLD H[EV]1 MAK+ !M R$UNDANT AT ! />T ( ! J\RNEY :5 MO/ POLLUTANTS >E EMITT$4 ,!Y >E WIDELY US$ 9 ,LOS ,ANGELES1 ONE ( ! SMOG CAPITALS ( ! WORLD4 ,SIMIL>LY1 !RE >E PROBLEMS ) ALT]NATIVE FUELS4 ,LIQUID HYDROG5 NE$S ELECTRICITY TO FREEZE IT1 & /ORAGE & SAFETY >E PROBLEMATIC4 ,LIKE ELECTRIC VEHICLES1 IT NE$S AN EXP5SIVE FUEL ?AT USUALLY PRODUCES C>BON DIOXIDE 9 ITS G5]ATION4 ,SUP] 0TE*NICAL FIXES0 SU* AS HYDROG5 FUEL CELLS >E V]Y EXP5SIVE & DI/ANT PROSPECTS4 ,IF & :5 !Y >E 9TRODUC$ !Y WILL DISPLACE EXI/+ C> TE*NOLOGIES TO ! DEVELOP+ WORLD1 AS HAS HAPP5$ ) TOBACCO SMOK+4 ,EV5 IF A G5U9E GRE5 C> IS DEVELOP$1 ! MANY O!R ADV]SE EFFECTS ( C>S WILL REMA91 SU* AS ! WA/E ( SPACE & RES\RCES1 WIDESPREAD 9JURY & DEA?1 & ! EFFECTS ON /REET LIFE & COMMUNITY4 

,DEVELOPM5T3 ,A ,CLASS RESPONSE 

  

,CAPITALISM HAS CREAT$ ! ,SPECTACLE TO S$UCE US1 IT HAS APPROPRIAT$ ALL ! PLANET'S RES\RCES & BUILT A VA/ MA*9]Y ( CONTROL1 9CLUD+ /ATES1 GOV]NM5TS1 >MIES1 DEA?SQUADS1 LAWS1 JUDGES1 POLICEM51 PRISONS1 GULAGS1 ADV]TIS+1 S*OOLS1 SOCIALIZATION1 MADH\SES & ! :OLE PROCESS ( PRODUCTION & CONSUMPTION1 9 ORD] TO PROTECT & EXT5D ?AT GR& L>C5Y4 ,& TO BE PRECISE1 BY CAPITALISM WE MEAN CAPITALI/S1 REAL PEOPLE RUNN+ REAL GOV]NM5TS & CORPORATIONS1 9 HUGE MANSIONS1 WIELD+ VA/ & %AD[Y P[]S4 ,PEOPLE ) GREAT WEAL? & NO E?ICS1 PEOPLE = :OM P]SONAL AGGR&IZEM5T EXPRESS$ 9 PR(IT1 /ATUS OR AU?ORITY IS A TOO P[]FUL OPIUM4 

,! EFFECT ( ?IS IS ! :OLESALE DE/RUCTION ( ! PLANET'S BIOLOGICAL & SOCIAL ECOLOGIES1 ! MASS HOLOCAU/ ( ! POOR1 9 :I* DISA/]S >E ONLY ! MO/ VISIBLE EV5TS 9 AN UNREL5T+ C>NAGE ( W>S1 />VATION1 P&EMICS1 CRIPPL+ DISEASE1 IGNORANCE1 RIOT & POGROM4 ,A JUNGLE CLE>$1 A *ANTY BULLDOZ$1 A GOLF C\RSE BUILT ON SACR$ L&1 F>MS DR[N$ B5EA? A RES]VOIR1 *EMICAL SPILLS 9TO WAT] SY/EMS1 TOX9S 9TO ! AIR FROM URBAN 9C9]ATORS4 ,!SE >E NOT 5VIRONM5TAL EV5TS ALONE1 !Y >E SOCIAL & ECONOMIC EV5TS1 !Y >E BATTLES LO/ 9 A CLASS W>1 IF ! WORK+ CLASS IS ?OSE :O MU/ 5DLESSLY PRODUCE & YET HAVE NO SAY OV] :AT IS PRODUC$ & H[4 #iM DIE ( HUNG] EV]Y YE> ON A WORLD EV5 ! DESPIS$ ,U,N SAYS C\LD SUPPORT #a#dBN PEOPLE4 ,IS ?IS JU/ DR\<T & FAM9E1 5VIRONM5TAL EV5TS8 ,OR IS IT BECAUSE PEOPLE HAVE BE5 CLE>$ FROM ! L&1 =C$ TO WORK = P5NIES1 DR\<TS CAUS$ BY MASSIVE DAMS OR TO FILL ! SWIMM+ POOLS & WAT] ! G>D5S ( ! RI* 8 

,! 5VIRONM5T WAS & IS AN >EA ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLE BECAUSE IT IS WE :O SUFF] MO/ FROM 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION & EXPROPRIATION ( L&1 WAT] & CLEAN AIR4 ,BOYCOTTS ( DAM PROJECTS1 NUCLE> P[] /ATIONS1 =E/ CLE>ANCES1 HEAVY 9DU/RY1 ! DUMP+ ( TOX9S & WA/E HAVE BE5 SOCIAL AS WELL AS 5VIRONM5TAL VICTORIES = ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,E>LY SOCIALI/S >GU$ /R5U\SLY ?AT POLITICAL & ECONOMIC /RUGGLE WAS ! MEANS TO A*IEVE 5VIRONM5TAL RE=M4 ,REVOLUTION>IES LIKE ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS & ,KROPOTK9 PROPOS$ SU/A9ABLE ECONOMIES ?AT W]E ALSO SOCIALLY JU/4 ,! L& W\LD BE A VA/ GRAN>Y1 WAT] W\LD RUN CLEAN & FOOD W\LD BE PURE1 FREE FROM *EMICALS & ADULT]ATION4 ,5VIRONM5TALLY-CAUS$ DISEASES LIKE *OL]A1 DIPH!RIA & TYPHUS W\LD BE ELIM9AT$4 ,!SE PROGRAMS ( RE=M GREW \T ( ! UNREL5T+ /RUGGLE ( WORK+ CLASS PEOPLE AGA9/ BOSSES & [N]S1 /RUGGLES TO DEF5D !IR PLACE )9 ECOLOGIES 7SU* AS RESI/ANCE TO CLE>ANCES OR 5CLOSURES7 OR TO IMPROVE 5VIRONM5TS ?AT CAPITALISM HAD RU9$ 7= 9/ANCE CAMPAIGNS = CLEAN WAT]1 DEC5T H\S+ & SANITATION74 ,!IR /RUGGLE BR\<T RE=MS1 SU* AS NATIONALIZ$ WAT] COMPANIES1 BUT BECAUSE !Y DID NOT *ANGE ! NATURE ( EI!R [N]%IP OR CONTROL1 !Y W]E ONLY TEMPOR>Y4 ,! SAME /RUGGLES >E BE+ WAG$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS 9 ITS MILLIONS TODAY BUT MO/ >E EQUALLY L$ BY RE=MI/ LEAD]S4 ,! ANTI-CAPITALI/ MOVEM5T MU/ RE-LE>N1 AS ! GLOBAL POOR ALREADY KN[1 ?AT ! REVOLUTION MU/ BE MADE BY US1 H]E1 ON ! L& & 9 ! T[NS1 & NOT BY CAMPAIGNS AGA9/ F>-(F 9/ITUTIONS LIKE ! ,W,T,O OR ,U,N OR )\T AN 5D TO PRIVATE PROP]TY OR 7SO-CALL$7 DEMOCRATIC CONTROL4 

,!RE >E A NUMB] ( EXAMPLES OR WORK]S TAK+ CLASS - BAS$ ECOLOGICAL ACTION4 ,9 ! #a#i#gS1 A NUMB] ( GR\PS ( ,AU/RALIAN WORK]S 9/ITUT$ ,GRE5 ,BANS1 BOYCOTT+ ECOLOGICALLY DE/RUCTIVE PROJECTS4 ,BUILD]S1 SEAF>]S1 DOCK]S1 TRANSPORT1 & RAILWORK]S BOYCOTT$ ALL WORK CONNECT$ ) ! NUCLE> 9DU/RY1 & ! ,FRANKL9 ,RIV] PROJECT - :I* W\LD HAVE FLOOD$ ! ,TASMANIAN ,NATIONAL ,P>K 79CLUD+ ,ABORIG9AL L&7 = A L>GE HYDRO-ELECTRIC PROJECT -- A VICTORY4 ,SIMIL>LY1 WORK]S OPPOS$ ! ATTEMPTS ( ! ,AMAX CORPORATION TO DRILL & M9E = OIL & DIAMONDS ON ABORIG9AL L& AT ,NOONKANBAH4 ,!SE WORK]S ALSO ACTIVELY SUPPORT$ ! MILITANT OCCUPATION ( ! SITE BY ABORIG9AL PEOPLE4 ,9 ,BRITA91 9 ! #a#i#hS1 RANK & FILE SEAF>]S BOYCOTT$ ! DUMP+ ( NUCLE> WA/E AT SEA1 =C+ ! GOV]NM5T TO AB&ON ! POLICY4 ,9 ,BRAZIL1 RUBB] TAPP]S =G$ AN ALLIANCE ) NATIVE PEOPLES & 5VIRONM5TALI/S TO OPPOSE ! MASSIVE DE=E/ATION ( ! ,AMAZON RA9=E/ BY BIG L&[N]S & BUS9ESS 9T]E/S4 ,!IR SUCCESS L$ TO ! MURD] ( UNION ACTIVI/ ,*ICO ,M5DES BY HIR$ ASSASS9S 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#h#h1 BUT ! /RUGGLE CONT9UES4 ,MASS DIRECT ACTION BY COMMUNITIES 7OCCUPATIONS1 SABOTAGE & PIT*$ BATTLES ) POLICE7 PREV5T$ NUCLE> P[] /ATIONS & REPROCESS+ FACILITIES BE+ BUILT AT ,PLOG(F 9 ,FRANCE1 & AT ,WACK]SDORFF 9 ,G]MANY 9 ! #a#i#hS4 ,9 ,BRITA9 COMMUNITIES MOBILIZ$ 9 #a#i#h#g1 TO 5D GOV]NM5T PLANS TO DUMP NUCLE> WA/E AT #d SITES4 ,9 ,?AIL& 9 ! E>LY #a#i#h'S1 #a1 PEOPLE RIOT$ TO DE/ROY A @s#gM /EEL FACTORY4 ,FOLL[+ ! REVOLUTION1 ! WORK+ CLASS WORLDWIDE1 HAV+ SEIZ$ CONTROL ( WORKPLACES1 L& & /REETS1 W\LD DIRECT CURR5T TE*NOLOGY TO B5EFIT ! VA/ MAJORITY 7! WORK+ CLASS7 RA!R ?AN ! T9Y RUL+ CLASS M9ORITY1 AS AT PRES5T4  

  

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT ECOLOGICAL ISSUES & CLASS /RUGGLE >E 9EXTRICABLY L9K$4 ,! /RUGGLE = A GRE5 SOCIETY :]E PEOPLE LIVE 9 H>MONY ) ! RE/ ( NATURE !RE=E GOES H& 9 H& ) ! /RUGGLE = A SOCIETY FREE FROM HUMAN DOM9ATION4 ,CAPITALISM CANNOT BE RE=M$4 ,IT IS BUILT ON ! DOM9ATION ( NATURE & PEOPLE4 ,WE NE$ TO TAKE DIRECT CONTROL ( EV]Y ASPECT ( \R LIVES ?R\< SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,COLLECTIVELY SEIZ+ CONTROL ( ! L&1 WORKPLACES & /REETS1 & %>+ DECISIONS1 WORK & WEAL?4 ,DECID+ :AT IS PRODUC$ & H[1 DISSOLV+ ! DIVISIONS BETWE5 HOME1 WORK1 & PLAY1 & ?OSE BETWE5 PEOPLE & ! RE/ ( ! NATURE4 

,P,>,T ,?,R,E,E3 ,A ,TRULY ,GRE5 ,REVOLUTION 

  

  

0,! ,5D ( ,HI/ORY0 PROCLAIM$ BY ,FRANCIS ,FUKUYAMA CONSI/$ 9 ! TRIUMPH ( B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY4 ,MOD]NISM & RATIONALITY HAD TRIUMPH$ 9 A S+LE SOCIOECONOMIC CULTURE WE CALL CIVILIZATION4 

,?IS PROCESS HAS 9CREAS$ ITS GRIP ON EV]Y ASPECT ( LIFE AS CAPITALISM CONSOLIDAT$ ITSELF 9 ! LATE #a#i? & #b? ,C5TURIES4 ,MORE & MORE SOPHI/ICAT$ TE*NIQUES ( CONTROL & SURVEILLANCE HAVE BE5 PRODUC$4 ,MILIT>Y P[]S & CAPABILITIES 9CREASE AS ! NATION /ATES ( ! ,WE/ EX]T !IR CONTROL OV] ! RE/ ( ! WORLD & FI<T EA* O!R = ! PLUND]4 ,! COMMODITY M>KET HAS BECOME GLOBAL ?R\< DEVELOPM5TS 9 TRANSPORT & COMMUNICATIONS4 ,HUGE CITIES EM]GE :ILE ! C\NTRYSIDE HAS BE5 TURN$ OV] TO F>M+ VA/ MONOCULTURES4 ,!SE >E ! RESULTS ( B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY'S /RUGGLE TO E/ABLI% ITSELF AS ! S+LE ME?OD ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION & ! S+LE WAY ( UND]/&+ ! WORLD - AS 0CIVILIZATION0 ITSELF4 ,WE CANNOT *ANGE ! LAWS ( NATURE BUT WE CAN *ANGE CONDITIONS ( EXI/5CE4 ,WE HAVE BE5 PR$ATORS BUT 9 ! MA9 DO NOT KILL AS (T5 AS WE DID4 ,WE DEF5D ! MEANS ( \R EXI/5CE 7! L&1 ! CROPS1 WAT]WAYS7 BUT CAN LIMIT ! IMPACT ( \R ACTIONS RADICALLY4 ,:ILE WE WILL CONT9UE TO DEF5D \R EXI/5CE 7= 9/ANCE BY LIMIT+ ! IMPACT ( 9SECTS ON CROPS71 WE WILL DO IT FROM NECESSITY1 HUMANELY & RATIONALLY1 & 9 WAYS :I* DO NOT ADV]SELY EFFECT ! 5VIRONM5T2 ! DEF9ITION ( :I* MU/ SURELY BE1 UNNECESS>Y OR BEYOND :AT CAN BE EASILY R5EW$ OR :I* DISADVANTAGES NON-PROXIMATE LIFE4 

,! ,5D ( ,P[] ,AS ,A ,BASIS ( ,SOCIETY 

  

,MASS POLLUTION & 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION >E ! 9EVITABLE CONSEQU5CE ( A SY/EM BAS$ ON DOM9AT+ ! RE/ ( NATURE 7& !RE=E EXPLOIT+ & DE/ROY+ IT74 ,?IS DOM9ATION HAS ITS ROOTS 9 ! DOM9ATION ( PEOPLE -- CLASS SOCIETY1 :]E P[] & WEAL? IS 9 ! H&S ( A FEW1 ! RUL+ CLASS1 :O OPPRESS & EXPLOIT ! WORK+ CLASS MAJORITY1 & ! RELAT$ OPPRESSIONS ( RACISM & SEXISM4 ,PRODUCTION IS = PR(IT1 NOT NE$4 ,IT IS ! RUL+ CLASS :O DECIDE :AT IS PRODUC$ & H[ -- PEASANTS DON'T *OOSE TO LIVE ON ! WOR/ L& OR GR[ CA% CROPS1 9DIVIDUAL CONSUM]S CAN'T /OP POLLUTION ?R\< BUY+1 BOYCOTT+ OR VOT+4 

,?IS ANALYSIS IS A CRITIQUE ( ALL P[] RELATIONS & ( ! URGE TO CONTROL & DOM9ATE4 ,IT CELEBRATES ! IMPORTANCE ( DIV]SITY & ( A H>MONI\S RELATION%IP BETWE5 CULTURE & NATURE4 ,!SE IDEAS1 AS WELL AS ?OSE O!R M>G9ALIZ$ & SUPPRESS$ VOICES1 SU* AS ?OSE ( NATIVE PEOPLES1 TELL US !RE IS NO S+LE UNPROBLEMATIC WAY ( COMPREH5D+ ! WORLD & ?AT A PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY W\LD NE$ TO RESPECT DIFF]5CE & DIV]SITY 9 CULTURE & NATURE1 5C\NT]+ & RELAT+1 NOT DOM9AT+ & EXPLOIT+4 ,?IS IS NOT SIMPLI/ICALLY TO DISMISS EV]Y S+LE ASPECT ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T1 OR TO ROMANTICIZE NON-,WE/]N CULTURES & 'WOMAN' AS HAV+ SPECIAL ACCESS TO WISDOM & BE+ 'CLOS] TO NATURE'4 ,A CRITICAL AW>5ESS ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T 5ABLES US TO SEE H[ CAPITALISM MAKES USE ( ITS EMPHASIS ON RATIONALITY & SCI5CE TO OPPRESS & EXPLOIT4 ,WE MU/ NOT1 CONSEQU5TLY1 LEAP 9 AN ANTI-RATIONAL OR ANTI-SCI5CE DIRECTION4 ,NOR W\LD WE WI% TO AB&ON ,5LI<T5M5T IDEAS ( ! DESIRABILITY ( ACTIVE HUMAN /RUGGLE1 BAS$ UPON ! CRITICISM & ANALYSIS ( EXI/+ CONDITIONS1 TO BR+ AB\T *ANGE4 

,H[EV]1 :AT ?IS ANALYSIS ( ,5LI<T5M5T ?\<T & ITS USE BY CAPITALISM HELPS US TO DO IS TO FOCUS ON H[ V>I\S HI]>*ICAL EXPLOITATIONS ( CLASS1 G5D]1 RACE & NATURE >E RELAT$ 9 ! CONCEPT ( 0O!R0 9 ,WE/]N B\RGEOIS IDEOLOGY4 ,CONSEQU5TLY1 WE CAN SEE ?AT ! IDEA ( EXPLOIT+ NATURE IS NOT A NEUTRAL CONCEPT ?AT CAN BE EMPLOY$ BY CAPITALI/S & REVOLUTION>IES ALIKE4 ,IT IS AN IDEA ?AT HAS & WILL ALWAYS BE US$ AS A MODEL = ! EXPLOITATION ( O!RS BY RUL+ ELITES1 !IR CLAIMS TO RATIONALITY & SCI5CE HELP+ TO MA9TA9 & UNIV]SALIZE !IR DOM9ANCE & P[]4 

,O!R ,VOICES1 ,O!R ,LIVES 

  

,!RE >E VOICES1 9CLUD+ ?OSE ( ! M>G9ALIZ$ 0O!RS0 9 SOCIETY1 :O >GUE ?AT WE LIVE 9 AN ]A 9 :I* !RE IS A FUNDAM5TAL CRISIS 9 ?IS WORLD-VIEW4 ,H[ SANE & RATIONAL IS A SOCIETY ?AT PRODUC$ ! G5OCIDE ( ! ,HOLOCAU/ & ! BOMB+ ( ,HIRO%IMA & ,NAGASAKI OR ?AT TOL]AT$ ! MUTUALLY ASSUR$ DE/RUCTION ( ! >MS RACE DUR+ ! ,COLD ,W> :ILE MILLIONS />V$8 ,:AT AB\T ! CONT9U+ WORLD RECESSION1 HOMELESSNESS & POV]TY :I* IS PROVOK+ SOCIAL UNRE/8 ,MO/ SIGNIFICANTLY1 DOESN'T ! ECOLOGICAL ?REATS ( DE=E/ATION1 ACID RA91 DEPLETION ( ! OZONE LAY] & ! POISON+ ( \R AIR & WAT] CALL 9TO QUE/ION ! :OLE IDEA ( GR[? & 'PROGRESS'8 ,ALL !SE ?+S SYMBOLIZE A SOCIETY ?AT IS ILL AT EASE ) ITSELF1 :OSE CLAIMS TO HAVE TAM$ NATURE = ! B5EFIT ( ALL & :OSE VISION ( ! NEV]-5D+ M>* ( PROGRESS ( ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION HAVE BE5 S]I\SLY UND]M9$4 ,SYMPTOMS ( ! LOSS ( CONFID5CE 9 A BRI<T FUTURE >E 9 EVID5CE ?R\<\T \R CULTURE4 ,! ,T]M9ATOR FILMS %[ A VISION ( ! FUTURE 9 :I* ! WORLD & ITS POPULATION HAVE BE5 HALF-DE/ROY$ 9 A W> BETWE5 HUMANITY & A MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY :I* HAS TAK5 ON A LIFE ( ITS [N1 BELIEV+ ITSELF TO BE SUP]IOR TO HUMANITY4 ,:ILE ! FUTURE LOOKS BLEAK1 PEOPLE TURN TO ! PA/ & ! C\NTRYSIDE = COM=T & REASSURANCE4 ,HOME-[N]S 0P]SONALIZE0 !IR '#fS C\NCIL FLATS ) PLA/IC 'OAK BEAMS' & LEAD$ W9D[S4 ,MUSEUMS & H]ITAGE CULTURE HAVE MU%ROOM$ 9 ! LA/ #c YE>S4 

,H[ DO WE1 AS AN>*I/S1 RESPOND TO ?IS SITUATION8 ,OBVI\SLY PROCLAIM+ 0! 5D IS NI<60 & 5C\RAG+ PEOPLE'S PESSIMISM & CYNICISM AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( REAL *ANGE WON'T HELP4 ,WE MU/ CONT9UE TO CALL = RESI/ANCE & ULTIMATELY A CLASS UPRIS+ TO OV]?R[ CAPITALISM1 & !N TO CREATE A FREE COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,BUT H[ CAN WE 5SURE ?AT ! SAME DANG]\S VALUES & P[] RELATION%IPS >E NOT C>RI$ OV] 9TO ! NEW SOCIETY8 ,H[ CAN WE P]SUADE O!RS ?AT ?+S WON'T TURN \T JU/ ! SAME OR WORSE ?AN BE=E8 

,WE BELIEVE ! ANSW] LIES 9 LI/5+ TO ! VOICES ( ?OSE 0O!RS0 ?AT HAVE BE5 M>G9ALIZ$ & SUPPRESS$ BY ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION4 ,ONE ( ! MO/ USEFUL CRITIQUES = ?IS PURPOSE IS ?AT DEVELOP$ BY SOME ELEM5TS ( FEM9ISM1 :I* HAS DEVELOP$ A CRITIQUE ( ! EXPLOITATION ( WOM5 & NATURE S9CE BO? >E TREAT$ 9 \R SOCIETY AS IRRATIONAL1 ?REAT5+1 9 NE$ ( TAM+ & OBJECTS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,AS ,YNE/RA ,K+ HAS WRITT51 0,! HATR$ ( WOM5 & ! HATR$ ( NATURE >E 9TIMATELY CONNECT$ & MUTUALLY RE9=C+40 ,PEGGY ,KORNEGG]1 9 ,AN>*ISM3 ! ,FEM9I/ ,CONNECTION SAYS1 0,:AT FEM9I/S >E DEAL+ ) IS A M9D-FUCK+ PROCESS - ! MALE DOM9E]+ ATTITUDE T[>DS ! EXT]NAL WORLD1 ALL[+ ONLY SUBJECT_/OBJECT RELATION%IPS444444 ,WOM5 .< .> >E WORK+ TO EXP& \R EMPA?Y & UND]/&+ ( LIV+ ?+S & TO ID5TIFY ) 5TITIES \TSIDE \RSELVES1 RA!R ?AN OBJECTIFY+ & MANIPULAT+ !M4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 A RESPECT = ALL LIFE IS A PR]EQUISITE = \R SURVIVAL04 ,K+1 9 ,T[>D AN ,ECOLOGICAL ,FEM9ISM & A ,FEM9I/ ,ECOLOGY EXPLA9S H[ ! LACK ( DIV]SITY 9 A PATRI>*AL CAPITALI/ SOCIETY IS MIRROR$ 9 ! ?REAT TO DIV]SITY 9 NATURE4 ,%E WRITES 0,A HEAL?Y BALANC$ ECOSY/EM1 9CLUD+ HUMAN & NONHUMAN 9HABITANTS1 MU/ MA9TA9 DIV]SITY444 WIP+ \T :OLE SPECIES CORRESPONDS TO R$UC+ HUMAN DIV]SITY 9TO FACELESS WORK]S1 OR TO HOMOG5IZATION ( TA/ES & CULTURE ?R\< MASS CONSUM] M>KETS4 ,SOCIAL LIFE & NATURAL LIFE >E LIT]ALLY SIMPLIFI$ TO ! 9ORGANIC = ! CONV5I5CE ( ! M>KET SOCIETY4 ,!RE=E WE NE$ A DEC5TRALIZ$ GLOBAL MOVEM5T F\ND$ ON COMMON 9T]E/S1 BUT CELEBRAT+ DIV]SITY & OPPOS+ ALL =MS ( DOM9ATION & VIOL5CE04 

,?IS SECTION IS 9DEBT$ TO ,H[ ,DEEP IS ,DEEP ,ECOLOGY81 0,WOM5'S ,FRE$OM3 ,KEY TO ! ,POPULATION ,QUE/ION0 BY ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D4 ,TIMES ,*ANGE ,PRESS PAMPHLET4 

,WOM5 

  

  

,AN AGR>IAN REVOLUTION IS REQUIR$1 AS P>T ( A SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :I* MU/ LIB]ATE WOM54 ,WOM5 >E ! POORE/ ( ! POOR1 ! L>GE/ GR\P ( L&LESS LABOR]S 9 ! WORLD4 ,! RE=MI/ 'SOLUTIONS' ( E/ABLI%+ CO-OP]ATIVES OR R$I/RIBUT+ L& /ILL FREQU5TLY LEAVE !M EXCLUD$ & DEP5D5T ON O!RS4 ,WOM5 PRODUCE ALMO/ HALF ( ! FOOD CROPS 9 ! WORLD4 ,9 ,AFRICA !Y CONTRIBUTE #f#f.0 ( ALL ! TIME SP5T 9 TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE4 ,9 ,ASIA !Y >E OV] HALF ( ! AGRICULTURAL LABOR =CE1 9 ,LAT9 ,AM]ICA OV] #d.04 ,!Y >E ALSO (T5 RESPONSIBLE = HORTICULTURE & ANIMAL MANAGEM5T4 ,COMM]CIAL F>M+ HAS FAVOR$ M5 AT EV]Y LEVEL & 9DU/RIALIZATION & URBANIZATION ALSO HURT WOM5 MO/1 DE/ROY+ ! M>KETS = !IR H&ICRAFTS & WORS5+ ! UNJU/ DIVISION ( LABOR ) ! D\BLE DAY ( WAGE LABOR & H\SEHOLD WORK4 ,UP TO #i.0 ( L[-SKILL$ ASSEMBLY WORK 9 ,AFRICA & ,ASIA IS DONE BY WOM54 ,EV]Y:]E 9 ! WORLD WOM5 >E ! WAT] MANAG]S1 & USUALLY C>RI]S1 = EV]Y H\SEHOLD PURPOSE4 ,BUT !Y >E FREQU5TLY EXCLUD$ FROM DECISION-MAK+ AB\T WAT] MANAGEM5T2 MO/ SOCIETIES HAVE A TRADITION ?AT ! TE*NOLOGY ( WAT] SUPPLY IS TOO COMPLEX = WOM54 ,:]E !RE IS NO PUMP OR /&PIPE NE>BY1 WAT] COLLECTION IS BO? TIME-CONSUM+ & BAD = HEAL?3 IT SAPS 5]GY 7& AFFECTS *ILDR5_/FAMILY7 & IS A PRIM>Y CAUSE ( PELVIC DI/ORTION ?AT CAN LEAD TO DEA? 9 *ILDBIR?4 ,9 ,?AIL&1 MISC>RIAGES >E HI<] 9 DRY VILLAGES1 RESULT+ FROM WOM5 FALL+ ON SLIPP]Y PA?S OR /EEP SLOPES :ILE C>RY+ FOOD1 WAT] & A BABY2 9 ,BANGLADE% HALF ( A CL9ICS' CASES ( BROK5 BACKS W]E ! RESULTS ( FALLS ) HEAVY LOADS4 ,WOM5'S REPRODUCTIVE *OICE DEP5DS ON !IR ROLE 9 SOCIETY4 ,!IR LACK ( *OICE IS A DIRECT RESULT ( !IR LACK ( AUTONOMY1 P]SONHOOD & ECONOMIC SUBS]VI5CE4 ,IF WOM5 HAVE FEW] *ILDR51 !Y SUFF] = LACK ( LABOR P[]2 IF MORE1 !Y >E OV]-BURD5$1 & !IR HEAL? UND]M9$4 ,FRE$OM = WOM5 FROM MALE DOM9ATION MU/ BE COMB9$ ) AN AGR>IAN SOCIAL REVOLUTION1 :I* REUNITES AGRICULTURE & NUTRITION1 R5EWS SELF-RELIANCE & SUBSI/5CE & CREATES EQUALITY4 

,*ILDR51 ,PLAY ,& ,! ,5VIRONM5T 

  

,! FUTURE ( ! HUMAN RACE - \R *ILDR5 - >E ! PEOPLE :O MO/ NE$ A SAFE & DIV]SE 5VIRONM5T ( EXP]I5CE BUT >E MO/ AT RISK FROM IT4 ,*ILDR5 >E ALSO AT RISK FROM ! W>1 />VATION & WAT]-BORNE DISEASES CRIPPL+ ! ,MAJORITY ,WORLD4 ,BUT NOT H]E8 ,BLOOD TE/S REVEAL ?AT NE>LY EV]Y P]SON ON ,E>? IS H>BOR+ DETECTABLE LEVELS ( DOZ5S ( P]SI/5T ORGANIC POLLUTANTS1 9CLUD+ ! WOR/3 ,P,C,BS & DIOX9S4 ,!SE *EMICALS CAUSE LIV] DAMAGE & 9 ! WOMB & 9 BREA/ MILK HAVE MEASURABLE DAMAG+ EFFECTS ON ! BRA9S ( *ILDR54 ,CURR5TLY1 WE >E ALL 9VOLUNT>Y SUBJECTS 9 A VA/ WORLDWIDE EXP]IM5T ON :I* EA* DAY WE >E EXPOS$ TO HUNDR$S ( *EMICALS1 MANY ( :I* HAVE BE5 %[N TO CAUSE H>M1 & MANY ( :I* HAVE NEV] BE5 TE/$4 ,!SE TOX9S >E 5DOCR9E DISRUPTORS ?AT HAVE MAJOR EFFECTS ON REPRODUCTIVE HEAL?4 ,! AL>M+ DECL9E 9 SP]M C\NTS IS ALMO/ 5TIRELY RE/RICT$ TO ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ WORLD4 ,REPRODUCTIVE DEFECTS 9 M5 HAVE D\BL$4 ,FEMALE 9F]TILITY & MISC>RIAGES >E ON ! 9CREASE 9 ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ WORLD & >E DIRECTLY L9K$ TO 5VIRONM5TAL CAUSES1 SU* AS EAT+ FI% ) HI< LEVELS ( 9DU/RIAL TOX9S - 9DU/RIAL ,NEW ,5GL& IS ONE 9F]TILITY HOT SPOT4 ,!Y ALSO DAMAGE ! IMMUNE SY/EM & 9CREASE MORTALITY RATES FROM DISEASES WE HAD ?\<T TREATABLE4 

,*ILDR5 >E UNIQUELY VULN]ABLE TO 5VIRONM5TAL TOX9S4 ,!Y HAVE GREAT] EXPOSURES TO 5VIRONM5TAL TOX9S ?AN ADULTS4 ,P\ND = P\ND1 *ILDR5 DR9K MORE1 EAT MORE & BREA! MORE AIR ?AN DO ADULTS DUE TO !IR MORE RAPID METABOLISM4 

,*ILDR5 !RE=E HAVE SUB/ANTIALLY HEAVI] EXPOSURES TO ANY TOX9S ?AT >E PRES5T 9 WAT]1 FOOD1 OR AIR4 ,*ILDR5 TA/E EV]Y?+ & >E MU* CLOS] TO ! E>? ?AN WE >E1 PUTT+ !M AT RISK FROM TOX9S 9 DU/1 SOIL & C>PETS AS WELL AS TOX9S ?AT FROM L[-LY+ LAY]S 9 ! AIR1 SU* AS SOME PE/ICIDE VAPORS4 ,*ILDR5 UND]GO RAPID GR[? & !IR DEVELOPM5T IS UNIQUELY AT RISK =M TOX9S4 ,! N]V\S SY/EM IS NOT WELL ABLE TO REPAIR ANY /RUCTURAL DAMAGE CAUS$ BY 5VIRONM5TAL TOX9S3 IF CELLS 9 ! DEVELOP+ BRA9 >E DE/ROY$ BY *EMICALS SU* AS LEAD1 M]CURY1 OR SOLV5TS1 OR IF VITAL CONNECTIONS BETWE5 N]VE CELLS FAIL TO =M1 !RE IS HI< RISK ?AT ! RESULT+ NEUROBEHAVIORAL DYSFUNCTION WILL BE P]MAN5T & IRREV]SIBLE4 ,EV5 IF DAMAGE IS NOT APP>5T1 WE >E /OR+ UP DISA/] = ! FUTURE4 ,MANY DISEASES ?AT >E TRIGG]$ BY TOX9S 9 ! 5VIRONM5T REQUIRE DECADES TO DEVELOP4 ,EXAMPLES 9CLUDE MESO!LIOMA CAUS$ BY EXPOSURE TO ASBE/OS1 LEUKEMIA CAUS$ BY B5Z5E1 BREA/ CANC] CAUS$ BY ,D,D,T & SOME *RONIC NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES SU* AS ,P>K9SON'S MAY BE CAUS$ BY EXPOSURE TO 5VIRONM5TAL NEUROTOX9S4 ,MANY ( ?OSE DISEASES >E MORE LIKELY 9 LAT] LIFE IF ! TOX9 WAS +E/$ :5 Y\NG - CANC]S ( ALL K9DS1 = 9/ANCE4 

,! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T IS IMPORTANT TO *ILDR5 BECAUSE IT REPRES5TS A PLACE :]E !Y CAN 9T]ACT ) NATURE & PLAY1 RELATIVELY SAFELY3 AWAY FROM TRAFFIC & ALSO1 TEMPOR>ILY1 AWAY FROM ! CONTROL ( ADULTS4 ,! PRIM>Y PLACE = PLAY & SOCIALIZ+ IS 'WA/E' OR R\< GR\ND1 PRECISELY BECAUSE IT IS IGNOR$ BY MO/ ADULTS4 ,! VALUE ( SU* AN 5VIRONM5T IS ?AT1 UNLIKE AN >TIFICIAL ONE1 SU* AS CONCRETE1 T>MAC OR AN >TIFICIAL SPORTS SURFACE1 *ILDR5 CAN 9T]ACT ) & *ANGE IT4 ,?IS HAPP5S 9 MANY WAYS1 FROM OBVI\S ?+S LIKE D5S1 TREE H\SES & WAT] PLAY TO MORE SUBTLE ?+S SU* AS BIKE TRACKS :I* V>Y ) ! WEA!R & :I* >E CON/ANTLY MODIFI$ BY ! WE> & TE> RESULT+ FROM ! *ILDR5'S USE ( !M4 ,! NATURAL 5VIRONM5T IS CON/ANTLY BE+ POLLUT$1 ?REAT5$1 DAMAG$ & DE/ROY$2 ! 'C\NTRYSIDE' IS L>GELY AGRIBUS9ESS F>ML& :]E *ILDR5 >E D5I$ ACCESS & AT RISK FROM ! MANY PE/ICIDES1 F]TILIZ]S & DANG]\S MA*9]Y MO/ F>M]S USE4 ,9 CITIES & T[NS1 9 ADDITION TO POLLUTION1 !RE IS DUMP+ - SOME ( IT TOXIC - & ! CON/ANT ?REAT ( DEVELOPM5T ( !SE 'WA/$' 7I4E4 NONPR(IT MAK+7 BR[NFIELD SITES = 9DU/RY1 ROADS & H\S+4  

  

,\R RESPONSE IS NOT TO /OP US+ ! #h"4 *EMICALS KN[N TO BE DAMAG+ TO \R HEAL? - *EMICALS ?AT CAPITALI/S SWE> >E EI!R NOT DANG]\S OR NECESS>Y TO \R PROSP]ITY 7SIC1 !IR PR(ITS67 - IT IS TO 9CREAS+LY RE/RICT & PROTECT \R *ILDR5 FROM ! 5VIRONM5T3 9DOOR PLAY1 ANTISEPTIC S*OOLS1 AIR FILT]S BL[+ DUR+ ! S*OOL RUN EV]Y DAY1 HOLIDAYS ABROAD BECAUSE WE SUPPOSE ! 5VIRONM5T CLEAN] & SAF]4 ,*ILDR5 >E TOLD 0DON'T T\*601 0PUT IT D[N01 0/AY AWAY04 ,!Y >E =BIDD5 TO W&] (F1 TO EXPLORE & EXP]I5CE ! WORLD ON !IR [N T]MS BECAUSE IT HAS BECOME SO DANG]\S BO? 9 FACT & 9 ! M9DS ( NEUROTIC P>5TS4 ,WE CAN DO ?IS BECAUSE WE HAVE *OICES4 ,BUT POOR & M>G9ALIZ$ PEOPLE - & !Y EXI/ 9 MILLIONS 9 ! DEVELOP$ WORLD AS WELL - DO NOT4 ,!Y LIVE BY POLLUT$ RIV]S1 MU/ SLOG ?\< TOXIC MUD1 DR9K PE/ICIDE-FLAVOR$ WAT]1 WORK 9 ASBE/OS-RIDD5 FACTORIES1 LABOR 9 H]BICIDE-DR5*$ FIELDS = ! AGRICULTURAL CORPORATIONS4 ,& (T5 !IR *ILDR5 >E BESIDE !M1 IF !Y >E NOT ALREADY SICK OR DY+4 ,& :Y8 ,BECAUSE *ILDR5 MO/ ( ALL HAVE NO P[] & NO *ANCE TO ESCAPE ! VISIBLE & 9VISIBLE 5EMY - 5VIRONM5TAL POLLUTION & DEGRADATION - ?AT IS DAMAG+ !IR HEAL? & DEVELOPM5T1 /ULTIFY+ !IR LIVES & PROSPECTS1 & KILL+ !M SL[LY & EV5TUALLY & ALL = MONEY1 & ! PAMP]$ LIVES ( ! CAPTA9S ( 9DU/RY1 ! CORPORATE GIANTS1 ! CORRUPT$ POLITICIANS4 

,SURVIVAL IS NOT 5\< 

  

,SO :AT %\LD BE \R PRACTICAL RESPONSE TO CORPORATE PLANS TO IMPOSE EV] MORE DE/RUCTIVE =MS ( 'CIVILIZATION' & 'PROGRESS' UPON US8 

,FIR/LY WE NE$ TO />T DRAW+ SOME L9ES 9 ! S&1 LAY+ B\ND>IES TO SCI5TIFIC 'ADVANCES' ?AT CAPITALISM & ! /ATE WILL NOT BE ALL[$ TO CROSS4 ,IT IS VITAL ?AT WE EXT5D DIRECT ACTION ACROSS ! FULL RANGE ( 9NOVATION & PRODUCT DEVELOPM5T4 ,G,M TE/ SITES NE$ TO BE TRA%$ AGA9 & AGA9 & AS EFFECTIVELY AS POSSIBLE TO CAUSE MAXIMUM DISRUPTION & F9ANCIAL LOSS4 ,TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT IS POSSIBLE A CAMPAIGN ( 'ECONOMIC SABOTAGE' %\LD BE C>RI$ \T AGA9/ ALL COMPANIES 9VOLV$ 9 DEVELOP+1 PRODUC+1 TRANSPORT+1 ADV]TIS+ OR M>KET+ ,G,M PRODUCTS4 ,%>EHOLD] MEET+S_/,A,G,MS NE$ TO BE DISRUPT$1 (FICES NE$ TO BE OCCUPI$ & MANY O!R 9V5TIVE & EFFECTIVE TACTICS NE$ TO BE DEVELOP$4 ,OBVI\SLY ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE DO NOT FEEL ABLE TO GET 9VOLV$ ) ILLEGAL DIRECT ACTION BUT ! DET]M9$ M9ORITY :O >E PREP>$ = ?IS LEVEL ( ACTIVITY IS ALREADY ORGANIZ$ 9TO GR\PS & NETWORKS & !RE >E PL5TY ( CONTACT PO9TS = NEW PEOPLE TO GET 9VOLV$ SO !RE IS NO NE$ TO SAY MU* H]E AB\T ?AT SIDE ( ?+S4 

,SECONDLY1 WE NE$ TO 9CREASE ! SOCIAL & ECONOMIC CO/S ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T4 ,= ALL ! OBVI\S LIMITATIONS ( CONSUM] BOYCOTTS IT GOES )\T SAY+ ?AT NOT BUY+ PRODUCTS CAPITALISM WANTS US TO BUY IS ! EASIE/ WAY TO OPPOSE !IR IMPOSITION4 ,= 9/ANCE1 CONSUM] RESI/ANCE TO ,G,M FOOD IS PROV+ TO BE A SIGNIFICANT H9DRANCE TO ! PLANS ( ,BIG ,FOOD4 ,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT BY ?IS PO9T !Y W\LD LIKE TO HAVE SE5 ! SUP]M>KET %ELVES PIL$ HI< ) ,G,M PRODUCTS SELL+ LIKE HOT CAKES1 TO HAVE HAD NO LABEL+ SY/EM AT ALL 9 ,EUROPE AS 9 ! ,U,S4 ,9 FACT ! SUP]M>KETS OV] H]E HAVE HAD TO AGREE TO LABEL MORE RIGOR\SLY ?AN ! LEGAL REQUIREM5T & HAVE L>GELY BACK$-(F FROM PUTT+ IT 9 !IR [N LABEL PRODUCTS4 ,SO SIMPLY NOT BUY+ ! /UFF & 5C\RAG+ O!RS NOT TO BUY IT IS V]Y WOR?:ILE4 

,?IRDLY1 WE NE$ TO LESS5 \R DEP5D5CE ON ! GLOBAL 9DU/RIAL SY/EM4 ,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT CAN />T ) ! SIMPLE/1 MO/ EASY1 NON-CONFRONTATIONAL /EPS ?AT ANYONE CAN TAKE TODAY & YET 5D AS A SIGNIFICANT P>T ( ! REVOLUTION WE NE$ TO MAKE TO OV]?R[ CAPITALISM & BUILD A SU/A9ABLE1 JOYFUL FUTURE = \R SPECIES ON ?IS PLANET4 

,DIG ,= ,VICTORY6 

  

,MO/ PEOPLE HAVE A G>D5 OR C\LD TAKE ON AN ALLOTM5T FAIRLY NE> TO :]E !Y LIVE4 ,ORGANIZ+ G>D5 %>+ S*EMES :]E PEOPLE ) G>D5S !Y CAN'T USE TEAM UP ) PEOPLE :O WANT TO G>D5 BUT DON'T HAVE G>D5S IS A WOR?:ILE /EP4 ,WE NE$ TO 9VE/IGATE WAYS ( PRODUC+ & DI/RIBUT+ ORGANIC FOOD 9 \R LOCALITIES 9 WAYS ?AT MA9TA9 BIODIV]SITY & AS F> AS POSSIBLE \TSIDE ! MONEY ECONOMY4 ,?9K ORGANIC1 L[-IMPACT F>M+ WON'T WORK8 ,A REC5T /UDY ( SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE US+ L[-TE* ME?ODS 9TRODUC$ ON F>MS SUPPORT+ #dM PEOPLE 9 MAJORITY WORLD C\NTRIES REVEAL$ ?AT FOOD PRODUCTION 9CREAS$ #g#c.01 CROPS LIKE CASSAVA & POTATO %[$ A #a#e.0 9CREASE & EV5 L>GE 'MOD]N' F>MS C\LD 9CREASE PRODUCTION #d#f.04 ,! FUTURE OCCUPATION & USE ( L& WILL DEP5D ON ! EXT5T TO :I* ALL :O WI% TO DO SO HAVE DISCUSS$ & CONS5T$ TO SU* USE1 ?AT ?OSE OCCUPY+ OR US+ ! L& CONT9UE TO WORK 9 SOLID>ITY ) ! :OLE ( SOCIETY )9 BROAD PR9CIPLES ( COOP]ATION1 %>+ FREELY BO? ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION & :AT IS PRODUC$4 ,NO 9DIVIDUAL OR GR\P ( 9DIVIDUALS WILL HAVE ANY 'RI<T' TO SAY 0! L& MU/ BE US$ 9 ! WAY WE DECIDE0 NOR CAN :AT IS ON OR UND] ! L& OR PRODUC$ UPON IT BE !IR PROP]TY1 :E!R PLANT OR ANIMAL4 ,! NUMB] ( PEOPLE 9VOLV$ 9 AGRICULTURE 79 ITS WIDE/ S5SE7 WILL PROBABLY EXP& GREATLY1 ) VA/ E/ATES & AGRI-CORP HOLD+S BROK5 UP & %>$ \T BUT ALSO URBAN F>MS CREAT$ 9 & NE> T[NS4 ,! AIM ( AGRICULTURE 7& ASSOCIAT$ ACTIVITIES LIKE FOOD PROCESS+7 WILL BE SELF-SUFFICI5CY = ! LOCALITIES & SPECIALIZATION OR GR[+ = 'EXPORT' ONLY :]E !RE IS SURPLUS L& OR PRODUCTIVE =CES4 ,IT IS LIKELY ?AT NEI<BORS1 C[ORK]S1 COMMUNITIES & COMMUNES WILL COLLECTIVELY AGREE ?AT L& WILL BE US$ 9 P>TICUL> WAYS ACCORD+ TO A PLAN OR PROGRAM ( B5EFICIAL *ANGE4 ,?IS WILL NOT ALWAYS BE 9 ! DIRECTION ( DEVELOPM5T OR 'EFFICI5CY' 7:I* WILL HAVE DIFF]5T DEF9ITIONS & P>AMET]S ANYWAY72 IF PEOPLE NE$ MORE G>D5S OR WILD]NESS1 SMALL-HOLD+S 9/EAD ( %EEP /ATIONS1 !Y WILL CREATE !M4 

,TO MANY PEOPLE ?IS WILL S\ND UTOPIAN4 ,H[EV] WE BELIEVE ?AT IF ?IS APPROA* WAS DEVELOP$ WIDELY - & APPLI$ TO \R O!R VITAL NE$S -- IT C\LD SUBTLY UND]M9E ! CR$IBILITY & P[] ( ! GLOBAL ECONOMY 7AS WELL AS HAV+ OBVI\S P]SONAL B5EFITS 9 T]MS ( HEAL? ETC74 ,IT IS AN IMPORTANT P>T ( BUILD+ SOCIAL SOLID>ITY & A COMMUNITY ( RESI/ANCE 9 MAJORITY WORLD COMMUNITIES4 ,IT W\LD BE A WAY ( %[+ \R SOLID>ITY ) !SE MAJORITY WORLD MOVEM5TS BAS$ >\ND ISSUES ( L& USE1 ACCESS TO RES\RCES & SO ON3 COMMUNITIES ( SMALL F>M]S >E ORGANIZ+ SE$ BANKS TO PRES]VE CROP DIV]SITY AS WELL AS LAUN*+ MORE MILITANT ATTACKS ON ! MULT9ATIONALS SU* AS TRA%+ FIELDS ( ,G,M COTTON & DE/ROY+ A ,C>GILL SE$ FACTORY4 ,9 ! LONG] T]M AS 7HOPEFULLY7 NUMB]S & CONFID5CE 9CREASE1 L>GE LONG-T]M SQUATS WILL BECOME A POSSIBILITY ON L& ?REAT5$ BY CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T EI!R = ROADS1 SUP]M>KETS1 AIRPORTS ETC OR = 9DU/RIALIZ$ FOOD PRODUCTION BE+ TAK5 BACK = SUBSI/5CE FOOD PRODUCTION & AS HAV5S ( BIODIV]SITY4 ,WE %\LD TAKE 9SPIRATION FROM ! ,MOVIM5TO ,SEM ,T]RA 9 ,BRAZIL :]E 9 ! FACE ( SEV]E /ATE REPRESSION & VIOL5CE HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( L&LESS PEASANTS_/RURAL PROLET>IANS HAVE OCCUPI$ L>GE TRACTS ( UNUS$ L&4  

  

,AL?\< IT IS CLE> ?AT FOOD PRICES >E SO L[ ?AT !Y >E NOT A MAJOR FACTOR 9 TY+ PEOPLE 9TO ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM 7R5TS1 MORTGAGES & BILLS DO SO F> MORE EFFECTIVELY7 IT SEEMS TO US ?AT A POPULATION CAPABLE ( & ACTIVELY 9VOLV$ 9 PRODUC+ MU* ( ITS [N FOOD \TSIDE ( ! MONEY ECONOMY WILL BE 9 A /RONG] POSITION 9 ! EV5T ( L>GE SCALE /RUGGLES AGA9/ CAPITALISM 9VOLV+ /RIKES1 LOCK\TS1 OCCUPATIONS & CAMPAIGNS ( NONPAYM5T ETC4 ,MANY ?\S&S ( PEOPLE >E BE+ =C$ BY ! GOV]NM5T TO TAKE L[-PAID1 %ITTY JOBS OR MICKEY M\SE WORKF>E S*EMES & ?REAT5$ ) LOSS ( B5EFIT IF !Y REFUSE4 ,WE C\LD SUPPORT ?AT REFUSAL BY (F]+ SURPLUS FOOD FROM ALLOTM5TS & G>D5S TO ?OSE SUFF]+ ! /ATE'S OPPRESSION4 ,!RE IS ALSO ! POSSIBILITY ( PEOPLE DEVELOP+ SIMIL> 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! MONEY ECONOMY 9 O!R SPH]ES AS WELL -- H\S+1 5]GY PRODUCTION1 WA/E MANAGEM5T1 HEAL? C>E ETC :I* W\LD ALSO BE HI<LY B5EFICIAL BUT :I* IS BEYOND ! SCOPE ( ?IS TEXT4 ,SO TO SUMM>IZE \R PRACTICAL RESPONSE %\LD CONSI/ (3 #a7 A MASSIVE CAMPAIGN ( DIRECT ACTION2 #b7 A CONSUM] BOYCOTT & PROPAG&A CAMPAIGN AGA9/ CORPORATE 9JU/ICE1 FOCUS+ ON ISSUES ( SU/A9ABILITY & SOCIAL JU/ICE2 & #c7 ATTEMPTS AT COLLECTIVE )DRAWAL FROM ! 9DU/RIALIZ$ FOOD PRODUCTION SY/EM4 

,FI<T+ ,! ,5VIRONM5TAL ,CLASS ,W> 

  

,WE MU/ FIR/ T>GET ! MEANS BY :I* 5VIRONM5TAL DEGRADATION OCCURS4 ,:ATEV] ! LABEL1 :E!R IRRATIONALISM1 NEO,LUDDISM OR PROPAG&A BY ! DE$1 DIRECT ACTION AGA9/ ! MEANS ( 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION & DEGRADATION IS AN ACT ( RESI/ANCE & ULTIMATELY IS ONE ( ! MEANS BY :I* REVOLUTION IS REALIZ$4 ,! FIR/ 9DU/RIAL WORK+ CLASS WRECK$ M9ES & BROKE WEAV+ FRAMES 9 ! #a#g#dS1 SP9N+ MA*9ES 9 ! #a#g#gS1 AGRICULTURAL MA*9]Y 9 ! #a#h#aS1 =MS ( RESI/ANCE ?AT CONT9U$ ALL ?R\< ! #a#i? & #b? ,C5TURIES & :I* ! WORK+ CLASS ( ! DEVELOP+ WORLD >E US+ EV]Y DAY4 ,IT IS A =M ( RESI/ANCE EMBRAC$ BY ! DIRECT ACTION MOVEM5T4 ,BUT WE NE$ TO GO FUR!R1 MU* FUR!R4 ,ISOLAT$ ACTIONS >E NO GOOD1 WE NE$ A PROGRAM & ! MEANS TO A*IEVE IT4 ,S9CE [N]%IP ALWAYS CREATES [N]S1 MA/]S1 WE MU/ SOCIALIZE ! L&4 ,USE ( L& & RES\RCES CANNOT BE BAS$ ON S+UL> OR P]SONAL 'RI<TS' BUT ON ! UTILITY & SOCIAL B5EFITS SU* USE CREATES4 ,WE HAVE TO /IMULATE & SUPPORT MOVEM5TS = RADICAL L& RE=M 7I4E4 *ANGES TO BO? [N]%IP & USE7 :I* HAVE EXPROPRIATION & SOCIALIZATION AS BO? !IR 5D & !IR TACTIC3 SQUATT+ MU/ BECOME A RURAL AS WELL AS AN URBAN PH5OM5ON4 ,\R AIM %\LD BE TO DRIVE F>M]S :O >E ABUS+ ! L& (F ! L&1 LEAV+ IT = US TO RECLAIM4 ,WE MU/ TIE POPUL> BOYCOTTS ( RETAIL]S :O SELL NON-ORGANIC_/ ,G,M FOOD TO OCCUPATIONS1 SQUATS & MASS TRESPASSES1 TO DRIVE ?OSE :O REFUSE TO *ANGE (F ! L&4 ,IF WE WI% TO *ANGE L& USE1 AS A *ALL5GE TO CAPITALISM N[1 !N MAK+ IT ECONOMICALLY DIFFICULT TO CONT9UE ) 5VIRONM5TAL DE/RUCTION1 DRIV+ AGRI-BUS9ESS (F ! L& & OCCUPY+ & SQUATT+ EMPTY BUILD+S1 RURAL & URBAN1 TOGE!R ) A REVIVAL & RADICALIZATION ( ! COMMUNE MOVEM5T NE$S TO BE UND]TAK5 F> MORE (T54 ,A MOVEM5T TO OCCUPY EMPTY RURAL & SMALL VILLAGE BUILD+S1 ESPECIALLY SECOND & HOLIDAY HOMES1 C\PL$ ) SQUATS ( URBAN H\S+ 7BO? NEW & OLD7 & OCCUPATIONS ( PLANN+ & DEVELOP] (FICES W\LD L9K RURAL & URBAN HOMELESS & BE A P[]FUL *ALL5GE TO ! /ATE'S DEF5SE ( PROP]TY4 ,!RE >E HUNDR$S ( ?\S&S ( ACRES ( UNUS$ OR MISUS$ L& & T5S ( ?\S&S ( UNUS$ BUILD+S ACROSS ! C\NTRY4 ,WE %\LD MAKE ROOM )9 ?IS MOVEM5T = ?OSE :O WANT TO BUILD )9 CAPITALISM AS WELL AS DE/ROY IT4 ,WE MU/ LE>N H[ TO MAKE SOCIETY WORK1 PRACTICALLY2 'GRE5 GA!R+S' ) A REVOLUTION>Y 9T5T & )\T ! PACIFISM & MY/ICISM2 RADICAL COMMUNES ?AT TEA* AS WELL AS %ELT]4 ,WE %\LDN'T REG>D IT AS RE=MISM SO LONG AS WE DO NOT GET TRAPP$ )9 CAPITALISM'S PROP]TY RELATIONS & ALL UND]/& ?AT ! PLACES WE CREATE N[ WILL BE SOCIALIZ$ 9 ! FUTURE4 

,TAKE ,BACK ,! ,WORLD6 

  

,WE >E ABSOLUTELY CLE> ?AT IT IS ! :OLE ROTT5 CAPITALI/ SY/EM ?AT HAS TO BE DE/ROY$4 ,CAPITALISM HAS NO?+ TO (F] HUMANITY EXCEPT MORE W>1 MORE POV]TY & />VATION1 MORE OPPRESSION & ALI5ATION1 MORE POLLUTION & DEGRADATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD4 ,IF WE >E TO HAVE ANY SORT ( DEC5T LIFE = ! MAJORITY ( PEOPLE ON ?IS PLANET1 IF WE >E TO E/ABLI% AN EQUITABLE & SU/A9ABLE RELATION%IP BETWE5 \R SPECIES & ! RE/ ( ! NATURAL WORLD !N ! CAPITALI/ SY/EM MU/ BE OV]?R[N 9 ORD] TO BUILD ! WORLD HUMAN COMMUNITY1 AN>*I/ COMMUNISM4 

,! TRANS=MATION ( SOCIAL RELATIONS BETWE5 PEOPLE -- ! ,REVOLUTION -- MU/ BE ACCOMPANI$ BY A *ANGE 9 H[ HUMANS RELATE TO O!R LIFE3 O!R ANIMALS1 PLANTS & ! ECOSY/EM4 ,ALL LIFE 7EXCEPT+ HUMANS AT PRES5T7 EXI/S 9 A C]TA9 DYNAMIC EQUILIBRIUM ) O!R LIFE1 S9CE PLANT & ANIMAL POPULATIONS 9T]ACT & ADJU/ TO *ANGES BETWE5 !MSELVES & !IR 5VIRONM5T 9 ORD] TO MA9TA9 A /ABLE1 ?\< *ANG+1 SY/EM4 ,PO/-REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY WILL !RE=E NE$ TO E/ABLI% A WAY ( LIFE 9 A SIMIL> EQUILIBRIUM ) ! RE/ ( NATURE1 RA!R ?AN ! PRES5T RELATION%IP ( DOM9ATION & DE/RUCTION ?AT HAS RESULT$ FROM 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM & CLASS SOCIETY4 ,PRACTICALLY1 ?IS W\LD MEAN AN 5D TO ! 9DU/RIAL ME?ODS ( AGRIBUS9ESS1 SU* AS L>GE SCALE MONOCULTURE ?AT POISONS ! L& ) *EMICAL F]TILIZ]S & PE/ICIDES1 ! ABOLITION ( FACTORY F>M+ :I* IS H>MFUL TO BO? ANIMALS & PEOPLE 7E4G4 FOOT & M\? DISEASE1 SALMONELLA1 ,B,S,E71 & ! 5D TO ! 9DU/RIAL FI%+ ?AT IS DECIMAT+ FI% POPULATIONS & H>M+ ! 5VIRONM5T4 ,9 PLACE ( SU* DANG]\S TE*NIQUES !RE WILL HAVE TO BE A SY/EM ( SU/A9ABLE AGRICULTURE1 SMALL] SCALE1 L>GELY OR :OLLY ORGANIC1 )1 = EXAMPLE1 CROP ROTATION TO RE/ORE & MA9TA9 ! SOIL4 ,!SE *ANGES W\LD1 = PRACTICAL REASONS1 /IMULATE A MOVE TO A F> LESS MEAT-DOM9AT$ DIET4 ,! GLOBAL TR5D IS CURR5TLY 9 ! OPPOSITE DIRECTION1 AS ! 'UND]-DEVELOP$ WORLD' SEEKS 7) ! HELP ( ! ADV]TIS+ 9DU/RY7 TO EMULATE ! DISEAS$1 FAT & ADDITIVE-SODD5 ,WE/4 ,NOT ONLY IS ?IS DIET FUNDAM5TALLY DETRIM5TAL TO HUMAN HEAL?1 IT IS UNSU/A9ABLE 7& POSSIBLY UNA*IEVABLE7 DUE TO ! VA/ AM\NTS ( RES\RCES 75]GY1 L& ETC47 ?AT >E CONSUM$ BY ANIMALS1 AS COMP>$ TO >ABLE 7PLANT7 PRODUCTION3 L>G] >EAS ( L& >E REQUIR$ TO GR[ PLANTS :I* FE$ ANIMALS TO FE$ PEOPLE4 ,IT SEEMS OBVI\S ?AT ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ANIMAL EXP]IM5TS WILL 5D ) ! ABOLITION ( ! PR(IT MOTIVE 7E4G4 ?OSE CONNECT$ ) COSMETICS1 >MS PRODUCTION ETC74 ,A NEW E?ICS >IS+ FROM ! FUTURE SOCIETY'S DESIRE TO A*IEVE A SU/A9ABLE RELATION%IP 9 & ) ! RE/ ( NATURE WILL ALSO SURELY LEAD TO A DESIRE TO M9IMIZE_/ABOLI% ! EXPLOITATION ( ANIMALS :]EV] POSSIBLE4  

  

,TO MO/ PEOPLE \TSIDE ! SMALL AN>*I/_/COMMUNI/ MILIEU ?IS WILL S\ND UTOPIAN1 QUIXOTIC1 OLD FA%ION$1 MAD4 ,COMMUNISM8 ,:AT >E !Y TALK+ AB\T8 ,DIDN'T ! ,B]L9 ,WALL FALL YE>S AGO8 ,>5'T WE ALL CAPITALI/S N[8 ,ISN'T LIFE WOND]FUL8 ,( C\RSE \R 5EMIES WANT Y\ TO BELIEVE !RE IS NO ALT]NATIVE TO CAPITALISM2 ?AT ! ONLY *OICE IS BETWE5 'FREE M>KET DEMOCRACY' & DICTATOR%IP4 ,DESPITE ! MISUSE ( ! WORD 'COMMUNISM' BY ! /ATE CAPITALI/ REGIMES ( ,EA/]N ,EUROPE & ,*9A1 WE /ILL FEEL T IS ! BE/ WORD TO DESCRIBE BO? \R VISION ( A FUTURE SOCIETY BAS$ ON EQUALITY1 FRE$OM & COOP]ATION & ! REAL MOVEM5T AMONG HUMANITY TO F9ALLY ABOLI% CLASS-SOCIETY & CREATE A TRULY HUMAN COMMUNITY4 

,CAPITALISM IS ! CURR5T /AGE 9 ! EVOLUTION ( CLASSSOCIETY1 ( SOCIETY DIVID$ 9TO RUL]S & RUL$1 [N]S & [N$1 ELITE & MASS & 9TO COMPET+ ELITES :O /RUGGLE AGA9/ EA* O!R = ! SPOILS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,! ORIG9S ( CLASS-SOCIETY /RET* BACK #a1 YE>S OR MORE TO ! ',NEOLI?IC ,REVOLUTION' & ! E/ABLI%M5T ( AGRICULTURE & URBAN C5T]S4 ,! 'PROGRESS' FROM !N TO \R MOD]N WORLD SY/EM ( 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM IS \R 'HI/ORY'1 ) ITS UN5D+ HORRORS ( W>1 SLAV]Y1 G5OCIDE1 EMPIRE & CONQUE/4 ,& YET CLASS-SOCIETY HAS ALSO FAC$ BITT] RESI/ANCE FROM )94 ,:]E !RE IS EXPLOITATION !RE IS ALWAYS /RUGGLE AGA9/ EXPLOITATION3 SLAVE REVOLTS1 PEASANT UPRIS+S1 RIOTS1 MA*9E BREAK+1 /RIKES1 >M$ 9SURRECTIONS4 ,& )9 !SE NATURAL1 HUMAN RESPONSES TO LIFE 9 CLASS-SOCIETY !RE HAVE ALWAYS BE5 ORGANIZ$1 CONSCI\S M9ORITIES :O PUT =W>D ! CALL = A DIFF]5T SORT ( SOCIETY1 ONE BAS$ ON EQUALITY1 FRE$OM & COOP]ATION4 ,?IS IS :AT IS MEANT H]E BY COMMUNISM3 A FUTURE SOCIETY ( EQUALITY1 FRE$OM & COOP]ATION & ! REAL MOVEM5T T[>DS IT4 ,\R AN>*I/ COMMUNISM AIMS AT ! OV]?R[ ( GLOBAL 9DU/RIAL CAPITALISM & ! CREATION ( A WORLD HUMAN COMMUNITY3  

)\T WAGE LABOR1 MONEY OR ! M>KET1 BAS$ >\ND ! PR9CIPAL 0FROM EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR ABILITIES1 TO EA* ACCORD+ TO !IR NE$S04  

)\T ! /ATE AS AN 9/RUM5T ( CO]CION1 A HUMAN SOCIETY BAS$ ON SOCIAL SELF-ORGANIZATION & G5U9E PLANN+ TO MEET HUMAN NE$S & DESIRES4  

)\T BORD]S OR *ECKPO9TS TO H9D] ! MOVEM5T ( PEOPLE4  

) HUMAN-SCALE COMMUNITIES ORGANIZ+ SOCIAL REPRODUCTION 9 SU* A WAY ?AT EV]YONE HAS ! OPPORTUNITY TO DEVELOP !IR CREATIVITY2 :]E 0! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( EA* IS ! CONDITION = ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ALL04  

YET ALSO MA9TA9+ A REAL1 CONSCI\S1 GLOBAL UNITY TO 5SURE ?AT PEOPLE CAN TRAVEL & COMMUNICATE AS !Y PLEASE1 ?AT KN[L$GE1 IDEAS1 9SI<TS & PLEASURES CAN BE WIDELY %>$ & ?AT PROBLEMS ( A GLOBAL NATURE CAN BE DISCUSS$ & RESOLV$4  
  

,AT ?IS PO9T 9 HI/ORY ! DEGRADATION ( ! NATURAL WORLD CAUS$ BY ! ACTION ( CLASS-SOCIETY HAS GONE SO F> & CAUS$ SO MU* HUMAN MIS]Y ?AT ! COMMUNI/ PROJECT & ! PROJECT ( CREAT+ A SU/A9ABLE WAY ( LIFE = \R SPECIES ON ?IS PLANET >E ONE & ! SAME4 ,WE WON'T GET ONE )\T ! O!R4 ,IT IS = ?IS REASON ?AT ANTI-CAPITALI/S %\LD TAKE ! ECO-CATA/ROPHE FAC+ US V]Y S]I\SLY & TO TRY & %IFT ?+S 9 A REVOLUTION>Y DIRECTION4 

,B,I,B,L,I,O,G,R,A,P,H,Y 

  

,WE HAVE NOT FULLY REF]5C$ ?IS TEXT BUT ALL ! FACTUAL 9=MATION ON ,G,M ETC CAN BE F\ND1 FULLY REF]5C$1 93  
  

',G5ETIC ,5G9E]+1 ,FOOD & ,\R ,5VIRONM5T' ,LUKE ,&]SON #aiii ,GRE5 ,BOOKS4 

',BIOPIRACY' ,V&ANA ,%IVA #aiih ,GRE5 ,BOOKS4 

',NO ,PAT5TS ON ,LIFE6' & ',FOOD8 ,HEAL?8 ,HOPE8 ,G5ETIC ,5G9E]+ & ,WORLD ,HUNG]'1 TWO ,CORN]H\SE BRIEF+S4 ,! ,CORN] ,H\SE1 ,P4,O4,BOX #c#a#c#g1 ,/ATION ,ROAD1 ,/URM9/] ,NEWTON1 

,DORSET ,D,T#a,O L,Y,J WWW4ICAAP4ORG  

,O!R S\RCES 9CLUDE  
  

',REFA%ION+ ,NATURE'1 ,DAVID ,GOODMAN & ,MI*AEL ,R$CLIFT4 

#a#i#i#a4 ,R\TL$GE4 

',WE ,ALL ,LIVE ,9 ,BHOPAL' ,GEORGE ,BRAD=D4 ',FIF? ,E/ATE' ,W9T] #a#i#h#e4 ,REPR9T$ 9 ',QUE/ION+ ,TE*NOLOGY' #a#i#h#h1 ,FRE$OM ,BOOKS4 

',D[N TO ,E>?3 ,5VIRONM5T & ,HUMAN ,NE$S' ,]IK ,P4,ECKHOLM4 #a#i#h#b4 ,PLUTO ,PRESS4  

,A GOOD >TICLE ON ,MOVIM5TO ,SEM ,T]RA CAN BE F\ND 9 ',DO OR ,DIE' NO#g4 

',DO OR ,DIE'1 C_/O ,P4,O4 ,BOX #b#i#g#a1 ,BRI<TON1 ,E4,SUSSEX1 ,B,N#b #b,T,T 

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,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,ECOLOGY & ,CLASS -- ,ADD$4 

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