,P>T #c1 ,*APT] #f 
,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALONIA 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,ABEL ,PAZ 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P,T,] ,V,I4 ,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALONIA 

  

,! ,C,N,T ACCEPT$ 0DEMOCRATIC COLLABORATION0 &1 ACCORD+ TO ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ! /RUCTURAL RESULT WAS AS FOLL[S3 0,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI- ,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS WAS ACCEPT$ & ! BALANCE ( =CES )9 IT E/ABLI%$4 ,AL?\< ! DI/RIBUTION ( SEATS WASN'T JU/--! ,U,G,T & ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 :O W]E M9ORITIES 9 ,CATALONIA1 RECEIV$ AS MANY AS ! TRIUMPHANT ,C,N,T & AN>*I/S--?IS WAS A SACRIFICE DESIGN$ TO LEAD ! DICTATORIAL P>TIES D[N ! PA? ( LOYAL COLLABORATION & TO AVOID SUICIDAL COMPETITIONS40 .<#e#b#d.> ,?IS WAS NOT A BAD IDEA1 BUT GR\PS MAKE CONCESSIONS :5 !Y >E 9 ! M9ORITY & NOT ! MAJORITY4 ,9 ANY CASE1 ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I'S POLITICAL 5EMIES WILL AVAIL !MSELVES ( ?IS G5]\S SACRIFICE 9 ,CATALONIA1 BUT WON'T MAKE SIMIL> GE/URES 9 PLACES :]E ! ,C,N,T LACKS PR$OM9ANCE4 

,?IS NEW BODY1 DUE TO ! COMPOSITION ( ! GR\PS =M+ IT1 W\LD BE DEMOCRATIC-B\RGEOIS4 ,ALONG ) ! ,C,N,T1 ,F,A,I1 & ,P,\,M1 ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA & ,ACCIO ,CATALANA ,REPUBLICANA W]E ALSO MEMB]S ( ! COALITION4 ,!SE P>TIES REPRES5T$ ! PETTY & MIDDLE B\RGEOISIE1 :I* ! REVOLUTION>Y EXPROPRIATION ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION W\LD IMPACT MO/ /RONGLY4 ,BETWE5 ! EXTREME LEFT & ! RI<T1 !RE WAS A NEWLY =M$ P>TY3 ! ,P>TIT ,SOCIALI/A ,UNIFICAT DE ,CATALUNYA 7,P,S,U,C74 ,! ,P,S,U,C1 AN APP5DAGE ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 WAS A 0P>TY ( ORD]0 7I4E41 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION74 

,AFT] ! ,C,N,T'S MEET+1 ITS REPRES5TATIVES RETURN$ TO ! ,G5]ALITAT TO GIVE ,COMPANYS ! ,CONF$]ATION'S RESPONSE4 ,!RE WAS A %>P DIFF]5CE BETWE5 :AT ! ,C,N,T ?\<T ! ,C,C,A,M,C %\LD BE & :AT ,COMPANYS WANT$3 ! LATT] ?\<T IT %\LD BE A SECOND>Y BODY CONTROLL$ BY ! ,G5]ALITAT1 :]EAS ! ,C,N,T BELIEV$ ?AT IT %\LD BE A POPUL> 5TITY ?AT CONTROLL$ ECONOMIC1 POLITICAL1 & MILIT>Y LIFE 9 ,CATALONIA & R$UC$ ! ,G5]ALITAT TO LEGALIZ+ ITS DECISIONS4 ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS REACT$ AS ONE W\LD EXPECT TO ! ,C,N,T'S /ANCE1 BUT ! ,C,N,T M5 W]E 9TRANSIG5T3 EI!R ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS ACCEPTS A POPUL> & FULLY EMP[]$ ,C,C,A,M,C OR ! ,C,N,T WILL WA% ITS H&S ( ! MATT] & LET ! REVOLUTION UNFOLD ON ITS [N ACCORD4 ,COMPANYS CAPITULAT$ S9CE1 = HIM1 ANY BREAK ON ! REVOLUTION WAS BETT] ?AN NO?+4 ,! ,C,N,T 7,ESCORZA & O!RS7 CONSID]$ ?IS A VICTORY BUT1 FROM A REVOLUTION>Y P]SPECTIVE1 IT WAS REALLY A DEFEAT4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HAD CORRECTLY REG>D$ ?AT NEW BODY AS A C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y =CE4 ,BUT ! REALITY WAS ?AT ,C,C,A,M,C HELD P[] & ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I HAD A CONTROLL+ 9FLU5CE )9 IT4 ,?IS AT LEA/ ALL[$ !M TO HOPE ?AT ! PROLET>IAT C\LD LAUN* ! F9AL /RIKE AT A LAT] DATE1 P>TICUL>LY IF ,FR5* WORK]S1 9SPIR$ BY ,SPA91 5T]$ ! /RUGGLE4 ,ALL WAS NOT LO/ &--TO 5SURE ?AT IT W\LD NOT BE LO/--!Y =M$ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALONIA ?AT NI<T ( ,JULY #b#a1 #a#i#c#f4 .<#e#b#e.> ,! FOLL[+ POLITICAL =CES BELONG$ TO ! BODY3 ! ,C,N,T1 ! ,F,A,I1 ! ,U,G,T1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA1 ,ACCIO ,CATALANA ,REPUBLICANA1 ,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES1 & ! ,P,\,M4 ,TO CLE>LY M>K ITS 9DEP5D5CE FROM ! ,G5]ALITAT1 IT 9/ALL$ ITSELF ?AT NI<T 9 A L>GE MOD]N1 BUILD+ 9 ! ,PALACIO ,PLAZA 7:I* ! ,NAUTICAL ,S*OOL HAD OCCUPI$ PREVI\SLY74 

,ITS MEET+ FIR/ TOOK PLACE >\ND ! L>GE TABLE 9 ! S*OOL'S C5TRAL ROOM4 ,FEW ( ! P>TICIPANTS HAD A CLE> IDEA ( :AT ! ORGANIZATION WAS GO+ TO DO2 IT WAS ONLY ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I REPRES5TATIVES :O REALLY KNEW :AT !Y WANT$4 ,?AT1 & ! FACT ?AT !Y G5U9ELY REPRES5T$ ! REVOLUTION1 PUT ! O!RS 9 AN EXPECTANT /ANCE1 AS IF WAIT+ = ORD]S4 ,JAUME ,MIRAVITLLES REPRES5T$ ! RUL+ P>TY 9 ! ,G5]ALITAT AT ! MEET+4 ,HE RECORD$ HIS IMPRESSIONS ( HIS FIR/ 5C\NT] ) ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I3  
  

,I P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! SESSIONS AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! ,ESQU]RA1 A LIB]AL LEFTW+ P>TY4 ,WE CAME DRESS$ AS TYPICAL B\RGEOIS 9TELLECTUALS--TIE1 JACKET1 & F\NTA9 P5--& SUDD5LY F\ND \RSELVES FAC+ A GR\P ( AN>*I/S :O 5T]$ ! ROOM4 ,!Y W]E UN%AV51 WE>+ COMBAT UNI=MS1 & C>RY+ REVOLV]S1 SUBMA*9E-GUNS1 & AMMUNITION BELTS FROM :I* !Y HUNG !IR DYNAMITE BOMBS4 ,!IR LEAD] WAS A MAN :OSE APPE>ANCE1 SPEE*1 & DYNAMIC PRES5CE MADE HIM SEEM LIKE A GIANT3 ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI4 

,I ONCE WROTE AN >TICLE /AT+ ?AT !RE WAS NO SUB/ANTIAL DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! FASCI/S & ! ,F,A,I4 ,DURRUTI1 A FURI\S W>RIOR1 REMEMB]$ ?AT PIECE ALL TOO WELL4 ,HE APPROA*$ ME1 PUT HIS L>GE H&S ON MY %\LD]S1 & SAID3 0,Y\'RE ,MIRAVITLLES1 RI<T8 ,BE C>EFUL6 ,DON'T PLAY ) FIRE6 ,IT C\LD CO/ Y\ DE>LY60 ,?IS IS H[ ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS BEGAN ITS ACTIVITIES3 9 AN ATMOSPH]E ( T5SION & ?REATS4.<#e#b#f.>  
  

,NO ONE BUT ! ,C,N,T1 ,F,A,I1 & ,P,\,M HAD ANY 9T]E/ 9 BUILD+ ! ,C,C,A,M,C & US+ IT TO NEUTRALIZE ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,AS IF TO ILLU/RATE ?AT1 ,MIRAVITLLES1 :O TOOK ! MEET+ AS A SORT ( DISCUSSION CIRCLE1 />T$ A DEBATE4 ,HE ASK$3 :O HAD MADE ! REVOLUTION &1 9 VIEW ( ?AT1 :AT W\LD BE ! BE/ WAY TO S]VE IT8  
  

,! 0SANS CULOTTES0 MADE ! REVOLUTION 9 ,FRANCE & IT HAD BE5 ! 0%IRTLESS0 9 ,P]ON'S ,>G5T9A4.<#e#b#g.> ,:O MADE IT 9 ,B>CELONA8 

,I RAIS$ ?IS QUE/ION AT ! FIR/ MEET+ ( ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS ON ! NI<T ( ,JULY #ba 9 ! ,NAUTICAL ,S*OOL 9 ! PORT4 ,MYSELF1 ,JOSEP ,T>RADELLAS1 ,>TEMI ,AIGUAD]1 & ,JOAN ,PONS P>TICIPAT$ AS A REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA4 

0,:O MADE ! REVOLUTION80 ,I ASK$4 ,! QUE/ION WAS SIGNIFICANT1 & \R ANSW] TO IT W\LD DET]M9E \R POLITICAL /RATEGY & TACTICS4 ,= ! ,ESQU]RA M51 IT WAS IMPORTANT TO R$UCE ! HI/ORIC PANORAMA TO ! FRAMEWORK ( ! REALITY ( EV5TS4 ,DESPITE ! NAME ( ! ,COMMITTEE TO :I* WE BELONG$1 WE DID NOT BELIEVE ?AT A 0FASCI/0 REBELLION HAD OCCURR$ & ?AT EXTREME RI<T GR\PS %\LD BE LEFT 9 LIB]TY IF !Y HADN'T P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! UPRIS+4 ,BE+ A ,LLIGA MEMB] WAS NOT ! SAME ?+ AS BE+ A FASCI/1 & EV5 LESS BE+ A MEMB] ( ! ,F$]ATION ( ,*RI/IAN ,Y\?S1 KN[N BY ! UN=TUNATE PHONETIC ( 0 FEJOCI/AS40 

,! ,F,A,I M51 AS WELL AS ! ,P,\,M & ! ,COMMUNI/S1 RECEIV$ MY QUE/ION ) A %RUG4 ,AS F> AS !Y W]E CONC]N$1 !Y W]E FAC+ A HI/ORIC OPPORTUNITY & W]E NOT AB\T TO LET IT PASS !M BY4 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ONE ( ! ,F,A,I'S MO/ IMPETU\S LEAD]S1 GAVE A RESPONSE ?AT P]FECTLY REFLECT$ ! FIR/ TWO OR ?REE--BUT DECISIVE--DAYS3 0,! REVOLUTION HAS BE5 MADE BY ! SAME PEOPLE ?AT MAKE ALL REVOLUTIONS3 ! MIS]ABLES40.<#e#b#h.>  
  

,MIRAVITLLES TRANSLAT$ ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ'S RESPONSE ) ! T]M 0LUMP5PROLET>IAT10 BUT :AT ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ SAID--& ?IS WAS H[ IT WAS 9T]PRET$--WAS ?AT IT HAD BE5 ! DIS9H]IT$1 ?OSE PLUND]$ BY ! B\RGEOISIE & ! DOM9ANT CLASS4 ,! ,C,C,A,M,C'S 0POLITICAL /RATEGY & TACTICS0 W\LD HAVE TO CORRESPOND TO ?AT4 

,! O!R M5 REFLECT$ :ILE ?IS EX*ANGE TOOK PLACE4 ,!Y W]E ,SANTILLAN1 ,DURRUTI1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,ASS5S1 & ,RIC>DO ,SANZ = ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I2 ?OSE ALREADY M5TION$ = ! ,ESQU]RA2 ,DEL ,B>RIO1 ,COMOR]A1 ,VIDIELLA1 ,MIRET1 ,G>CIA1 & ,DURAN ,ROSELL = ! ,U,G,T & ,SOCIALI/S2 ,TORR5TS = ,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES2 ,FABREGAS = ,ACCIO ,CATALANA ,REPUBLICANA2 & ,JOSE ,ROVIRA = ! ,P,\,M4 

,DIEGO ,ABAD DE ,SANTILLAN OCCUPI$ HIMSELF DUR+ ! CONV]SATION BY DOODL+ ON A PIECE ( PAP]4 ,HE SUGGE/$ ?AT !Y BEG9 BY DISCUSS+ ! PRACTICAL DIVISION ( ACTIVITIES4 ,HE SUBMITT$ HIS SKET*ES AS A S*EMA &1 AFT] SOME DEBATE1 !Y ACCEPT$ HIS \TL9E AS ! /RUCTURE ( ! ,C,C,A,M,C4 .<#e#b#i.> 

,G5]AL ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,SECRET>Y3 ,JAUME ,MIRAVITLLES2 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,MILITIAS3 ,SANTILLAN & ,RIC>DO ,SANZ2 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,W>3 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 ASSI/$ BY ,DURRUTI & MILIT>Y ADVIS]S SU* AS ,COLONEL ,JIM5EZ DE LA ,B]AZA & LAT] ! ,GU>N] BRO!RS2 ,DEP>TM5T ( ,9VE/IGATION & ,SECURITY3 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ1 ,JOSE ,ASS5S1 ,RAFAEL ,VIDIELLA1 & ,TOMAS ,FABREGAS4 ,!RE WAS ALSO A ,DEP>TM5T ( ,SUPPLY1 UND] ! C>E ( ,JOSE ,TORR5TS1 & ANO!R ( ,TRANSPORTATION4 

,!Y CREAT$ SECTIONS ?AT REPORT$ TO EA* DEP>TM5T4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ ONE ( /ATI/ICS1 :I* ANSW]$ TO ! ,G5]AL ,ADM9I/RATIVE ,SECRET>Y2 QU>T]+ & MUNITIONS1 :I* REPORT$ TO ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,MILITIAS2 & O!RS LIKE C>TOGRAPHY1 W> TRA9+1 BROADCA/+1 & OP]ATIONS1 ALL ( :I* ANSW]$ TO ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,W>4 ,SANTILLAN WRITES3  
  

,! PR9CIPLE & MO/ OV]:ELM+ WORK NATURALLY FELL ON US1 REPRES5TATIVES ( ! L>GE/ & MO/ ACTIVE P>T ( ! ,CATALAN PROLET>IAT4 ,WE ASSUM$ ! POSITIONS ( GREATE/ RESPONSIBILITY1 BUT ALSO ?OSE 9 :I* EXHAU/ION W\LD SOON ?REAT5 US1 DUE TO ! 5ORM\S PHYSICAL EF=T REQUIR$4 ,WE SP5T MORE ?AN TW5TY H\RS DAILY 9 9CESSANT N]V\S T5SION1 RESOLV+ ?\S&S ( PROBLEMS & ATT5D+ TO ! CR[DS ?AT ?RONG$ >\ND \R (FICES ) TREM5D\SLY V>I$ DEM&S4 ,IT WAS H>DLY AN 5VIRONM5T ?AT L5T ITSELF TO S]5E REFLECTION4.<#e#c.>  
  

,:AT FOLL[S IS ! FIR/ 0$ICT0 ISSU$ BY ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI- ,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALONIA3  
  

#a4 ,A REVOLUTION>Y ORD] HAS BE5 E/ABLI%$1 :I* ALL P>TIES CON/ITUT+ ! ,COMMITTEE PL$GE TO MA9TA94 

#b4 ,= CONTROL & SECURITY1 ! ,COMMITTEE HAS =M$ TEAMS TO 5SURE ?AT ITS ORD]S >E RIGOR\SLY OBS]V$4 ,! TEAMS WILL C>RY CR$5TIALS V]IFY+ !IR ID5TITY4 

#c4 ,! ,COMMITTEE ACCR$ITS ?OSE TEAMS ALONE4 ,EV]Y?+ ?AT TAKES PLACE )\T ITS APPROVAL WILL BE CONSID]$ S$ITI\S & WILL SUFF] SANCTIONS DET]M9$ BY ! ,COMMITTEE4 

#d4 ,! NOCTURNAL TEAMS WILL BE SEV]E AGA9/ ?OSE :O DISRUPT ! REVOLUTION>Y ORD]4 

#e4 ,FROM #a3 TO #e3 9 ! MORN+1 CIRCULATION WILL BE LIMIT$ TO ! FOLL[+3 

A7 ,ANYONE DEMON/RAT+ MEMB]%IP 9 ORGANIZATIONS BELONG+ TO ! ,MILITIAS ,COMMITTEE4 

B7 ,P]SONS ACCOMPANI$ BY ! ABOVE & :O PROVE !IR MORAL SOLV5CY4 C7 ,?OSE %[+ ?AT CIRCUM/ANCES BEYOND !IR CONTROL OBLIGE !M TO GO \T4 

#f4 ,TO RECRUIT PEOPLE TO ! ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS1 ORGANIZATIONS BELONG+ TO ! ,COMMITTEE >E AU?ORIZ$ TO OP5 5LI/M5T & TRA9+ C5T]S4 ,AN 9T]NAL ORD] WILL DETAIL ! CONDITIONS ( RECRUITM5T4 

#g4 ,GIV5 ! NE$ = REVOLUTION>Y ORD] TO CONFRONT ! FASCI/ NUCLEI1 ! ,COMMITTEE HOPES ?AT IT WILL NOT HAVE TO TAKE DISCIPL9>Y MEASURES TO 5SURE ?AT IT IS OBEY$4.<#e#c#a.>  
  

,& !Y SIGN$1 9 ! NAME ( ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA1 ,ACCIO ,CATALANA ,REPUBLICANA1 ! ,UNIO DE ,RABASSAIRES1 ! ,M>XI/ P>TIES 7,/AL9I/ & MORE OR LESS ,TROTSKYI/71 ! ,C,N,T 7,DURRUTI1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 & ,ASS5S71 & ! ,F,A,I 7,SANTILLAN & ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ74 

,:5 ! FIR/ ,C,C,A,M,C SESSION 5D$1 ,MANUEL ,B5AVIDES SAYS ?AT 0,DURRUTI & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] TOLD ,COMOR]A1 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY REPRES5TATIVE3 ',WE KN[ :AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS DID TO ! ,RUSSIAN AN>*I/S4 ,WE'LL NEV] LET ! ,COMMUNI/S TREAT US 9 ! SAME WAY4'0 .<#e#c#b.> ,AT ?AT MEET+1 ! ,C,C,A,M,C DECID$ TO S5D A GR\P ON A SC\T+ MISSION TO ,>AGON1 TO F9D \T AB\T ! REBEL SOLDI]S' ACTUAL POSITIONS4 ,IT ALSO DECID$ TO M9E ,B>CELONA'S ACCESS R\TES AS A PRECAUTION>Y MEASURE AGA9/ A POSSIBLE ATTACK ( A MOTORIZ$ 5EMY COLUMN4 

,B>CELONA'S URBAN & PRODUCTIVE LIFE ALSO HAD TO BE NORMALIZ$1 :I* C\LD ONLY HAPP5 ) ! SUPPORT ( ! UNIONS & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES4 ,! MA9 WEI<T ( ?IS TASK FELL ON ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I1 AS ,SANTILLAN SAID1 BECAUSE !Y W]E ! ONLY ORGANIZATIONS ?AT C\LD WORK ) !SE GR\PS4 

,!RE WAS ALSO A PRESS+ NE$ TO ORGANIZE WORK]S' MILITIAS TO 5GAGE ! 5EMY \TSIDE ( ,B>CELONA4 ,! FIR/ ( !SE COLUMNS LEFT ON ,JULY #b#d1 L$ BY ,BU5AV5TURA ,DURRUTI4 .<#e#c#c.> ,AL?\< ,DURRUTI ONLY P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,C,C,A,M,C V]Y BRIEFLY1 ,MIRAVITLLES (F]S A VALUABLE COMM5T>Y ON HIS EXP]I5CE ) ! BODY4 ,MIRAVITLLES HI<LI<TS SOME ( ,DURRUTI'S P]SONAL QUALITIES1 :I* ! NEW MILIT>Y CAMPAIGN W\LD NOT *ANGE3  
  

,! CAB9ET CONT9U$ FUNCTION+ AS ALWAYS 9 ! GOV]NM5TAL PALACE1 BUT ONLY AS A PHANTOM GOV]NM5T ?AT IMPOT5TLY CONTEMPLAT$ ! REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION4 ,) AN EXCEPTION3 ! ,PRESID5T ( ,CATALONIA1 ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS1 :O WAS A MAN ( GREAT P]SONAL M]IT4 ,HE HAD PREVI\SLY BE5 A DEF5SE LAWY] = ! AN>*I/S & HAD FRI5DS 9 ! ,C,N,T4 ,WE ALL /OOD ! FIR/ TIME ?AT HE CAME TO A MEET+ ( ! ,C,C,A,M,C1 EXCEPT = ! AN>*I/S1 :O /AY$ SEAT$4 ,!RE W]E (T5 VEHEM5T >GUM5TS BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I PEOPLE & ,COMPANYS1 :O REPROA*$ !M = JEOP>DIZ+ ! REVOLUTION ) !IR VIOL5T ACTIONS4 ,DURRUTI GOT F$ UP ONE DAY & TOLD ! ,G5]ALITAT'S REPRES5TATIVES3 0,S5D MY REG>DS TO ! ,PRESID5T1 BUT IT'S BETT] IF HE DOESN'T COME >\ND H]E AGA94 ,SOME?+ BAD C\LD HAPP5 TO HIM IF HE 9SI/S ON LECTUR+ US40 

,DURRUTI IMM$IATELY REALIZ$ ?AT ! ,C,C,A,M,C WAS A BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATION2 IT DISCUSS$1 NEGOTIAT$1 TOOK M9UTES1 & C>RI$ \T (FICIAL TASKS4 ,BUT HE WASN'T ! TYPE ( MAN :O C\LD 5DURE ?AT = LONG4 ,!RE WAS FI<T+ \TSIDE & HE C\LDN'T SIT ON ! SIDEL9ES4 ,HE ORGANIZ$ HIS [N DIVISION--! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN--& TOOK (F = ! ,>AGON FRONT4.<#e#c#d.>  
  

,BE=E ,JULY #b#a1 B>RACKS & O!R MILIT>Y BUILD+ W]E 9 ! H&S ( ! M5 :O HAD CONQU]$ !M2 ?AT IS1 9 ! H&S ( ! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I4 ,BUT ?OSE ORGANIZATIONS MADE A BIG MI/AKE :5 ! ,C,C,A,M,C WAS E/ABLI%$ BY ALL[+ EA* POLITICAL P>TY TO ORGANIZE ITS [N MILITIAS & BY C$+ ! B>RACKS & WEAPONS TO !M4 ,! MILITIAS %\LD HAVE ANSW]$ TO ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,MILITIAS2 ?IS W\LD HAVE ALL[$ >MS SEIZ$ BY ! WORK]S TO REMA9 9 !IR H&S4 ,9DE$1 ! FIR/ DIS>MAM5T ( ! WORK+ CLASS OCCURR$ :5 !Y P]MITT$ ! POLITICAL P>TIES TO ORGANIZE !IR [N COLUMNS4 ,?AT ONLY B5EFIT$ ?OSE :O HAD NOT F\<T1 S9CE !Y DIDN'T HAVE WEAPONS OR1 IF !Y DID1 !Y W]E HOLD+ !M 9 RES]VE UNTIL !Y ?\<T IT WAS TIME TO UNLEA% ! C\NT]REVOLUTION 7?IS WAS ! CASE ) ! ,/AL9I/S74 

,UND] ?IS SY/EM1 ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA TOOK CONTROL ( ! ,MONTJUI* =TRESS2 ! ,CAVALRY B>RACKS ON ,T>RAGONA ,/REET W5T TO ! ,P,\,M2 & ! ,9FANTRY B>RACKS ( ! ,P>QUE DE LA ,CIUDADELA TO ! P>TY ?AT WAS GO+ TO BECOME ! ,P,S,U,C4 ,! ,P>TIDO ,F$]AL ,IB]ICO RECEIV$ AN OLD CONV5T4 ,! ,C,N,T & ,F,A,I KEPT ! ,P$RALBES ,9FANTRY B>RACKS1 ! ,SANT ,&REU ,C5TRAL ,>TILL]Y ,B>RACKS1 ! B>RACKS 9 ! ,DOCKS1 & ! ,CAVALRY B>RACKS ON ,LEPANTO ,/REET4 ,ALL W\LD %>E ! ,>TILL]Y ,/ATION & ! ,QU>T]MA/] ,CORPS4 ,! ORGANIZATIONS NAM$ !IR B>RACKS AS SOON AS !Y OCCUPI$ !M3 ! ,/AL9I/S BAPTIZ$ !IRS ! 0,K>L ,M>X ,B>RACKS10 ! ,P,\,M CALL$ !IRS 0,L5910 & ! AN>*I/S1 NOT TO BE \TDONE1 NAM$ !IRS 0,BAKUN910 0,SALVO*EA10 0,SP>TACUS10 ETC4 

,! DIVISION ( ORGANIZATIONAL HEADQU>T]S CAME AFT] ! DI/RIBUTION ( B>RACKS4 ,! ,P,\,M C$$ ! ,HOTEL ,COLON1 :I* ITS MILITANTS HAD TAK51 TO ITS ,P,S,U,C RIVALS & A HOTEL ON ! ,RAMBLAS1 :I* !Y HAD ALSO OCCUPI$ DUR+ ! /RUGGLE1 WAS RES]V$ = ITS ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,! ,C,N,T REMA9$ 9 ! ,CASA ,CAMBO4 ,9 ! NEI<BORHOODS1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES 9/ALL$ !MSELVES 9 PLACES ?AT W]E ADEQUATE TO !IR NE$S4 ,! UNIONS OCCUPI$ L>GE BUILD+S AS WELL4 

,! CANTE5S CREAT$ 9 ! CLAMOR ( ! /RUGGLE BECAME POPUL> KIT*5S & !Y W]E 9/ALL$ 9 HOTELS4 ,! ,HOTEL ,RITZ BECAME A HOTEL = ! MILITIAM54 

,! G5]AL /RIKE CALL$ AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! REBELLION REMA9$ 9 EFFECT1 AL?\< IT WAS NOT LONG BE=E ! MO/ IMPORTANT S]VICES BEGAN OP]AT+ AGA94 ,?IS P]MITT$ ! PH5OM5ON ?AT MILITANTS W]E UNABLE TO SEE ON ,JULY #b TO MANIFE/ ITSELF CLE>LY3 ?AT IS1 WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T4 ,HOSPITALS1 LABORATORIES1 & PH>MACEUTICAL C5T]S1 :I* HAD BE5 OCCUPI$ DUR+ ! 9ITIAL MOM5TS ( ! BATTLE1 N[ FUNCTION$ UND] WORK]S' CONTROL1 AS DID /REETC>S1 BUSSES1 METROS1 & RAILROADS1 AS SOON AS !Y RESUM$ OP]ATION4 ,! WORK]S' COMMITTEE HOLD+ ! TELEPHONE EX*ANGE />T$ REPAIR+ L9ES DAMAG$ DUR+ ! FI<T+ & 9/ALL+ NEW L9ES 9 ! WORK]S' C5T]S E/ABLI%$ DUR+ ! FIR/ ?REE DAYS4 ,9 !SE C5T]S1 ! WORK]S MET 9 ASSEMBLIES & NOM9AT$ COMMITTEES1 :I* =M$ L9KS ) WORK]S 9 O!R 9DU/RIES4 ,! ,FOOD ,WORK]S' ,UNION1 :I* HAD CREAT$ HUBS = FOOD DI/RIBUTION & POPUL> KIT*5S FROM ! \TSET1 IMM$IATELY BEGAN PROVID+ FOOD = ! 5TIRE CITY1 COLLECTIVIZ+ ! ,C5TRAL ,M>KETS ( FRUITS1 VEGETABLES1 FI%1 & MEAT4 ,?OSE :O SUPPLI$ !SE M>KETS BE=E ,JULY #ai CONT9U$ TO DO SO1 BUT N[ 9TRODUC$ !IR PRODUCTS UND] A COLLECTIVI/ 7NOT COMM]CIAL7 REGIME4 ,AL?\< ! NEW COLLECTIVE PROC$URES W]E RUDIM5T>Y1 !Y W]E ABLE TO IMM$IATELY SATISFY ! BASIC NE$S ( ,B>CELONA RESID5TS4 ,TO A GREAT EXT5T1 PEOPLE SIMPLY GAVE ?+S AWAY1 P>TICUL>LY FOOD ITEMS 9 ! POPUL> KIT*5S4 ,IT SEEM$ AS ?\< A CLASSLESS1 MONEY-LESS SOCIETY HAD BE5 CREAT$4 ,! RAPIDLY E/ABLI%$ ,C,C,A,M,C PREV5T$ ! EM]G5CE ( NEW1 MORE PR(\ND =MS ( SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ?AT C\LD HAVE TRANS=M$ HUMAN RELATIONS 9 PREVI\SLY UNKN[N & UNTRI$ WAYS4 ,NONE!LESS1 ! COLLECTIVIZATION ( DI/RIBUTION & PRODUCTION WAS IRREV]SIBLE ONCE IT BEGAN1 DESPITE ! CONTROLS & RE/RA9TS ?AT ! ,C,C,A,M,C TRI$ TO IMPOSE4 

,ONCE ! REBELS W]E DEFEAT$ & PEOPLE BEGAN TO RETURN TO WORK1 IT BECAME POSSIBLE TO APPRECIATE ! DEP? ( ! PROLET>IAN REVOLUTION4 ,FACTORY [N]S1 TE*NICIANS1 & MANAG]S HAD FELT ?REAT5$ AS A CLASS & DISAPPE>$4 ,SOME W5T 9TO HID+ & O!RS FL$ TO ,FRANCE4 ,! WORK]S C\LDN'T C>E LESS & DEVOT$ !MSELVES TO PRODUC+ & COLLECTIVIZ+ ! FACTORIES1 WORK%OPS1 & O!R PRODUCTION SITES 9 ,B>CELONA & ,CATALONIA4 ,FACTORY ASSEMBLIES RESOLV$ ! MO/ IMM$IATE PROBLEMS & APPO9T$ ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES4 ,IMPORTANT METALLURGIC C5T]S LIKE ,HISPANO-,SUIZA1 ,VULCANO1 & ,LA ,MAQU9I/A ,T]RE/RE Y ,M>ITIMA BEGAN TO BUILD >MOR$ TRUCKS4 ,?IS WAS ! FIR/ /EP T[>D :AT WAS GO+ TO BE A W> 9DU/RY 9 A FEW DAYS4 

,C,A,M,P,S,A'S PETROLEUM & GASOL9E DEPOTS1 ! ELECTRICITY HEADQU>T]S1 & ! GAS FACTORIES HAD ALL BE5 OCCUPI$ IMM$IATELY & />T$ OP]AT+ UND] WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T ON ,JULY #b#b4 ,GAS /ATIONS FILL$ ! TANKS ( C>S FROM ! ,COMMITTEES AFT] GETT+ ! UNION'S APPROVAL4 ,MONEY DISAPPE>$ FROM CIRCULATION4 

,>TILL]Y ,COLONEL ,RIC>DO ,JIM5EZ DE ,B]AZA >RIV$ 9 ,B>CELONA >\ND ?IS TIME1 AFT] HAV+ FL$ ,PAMPLONA4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] IMM$IATELY 5ROLL$ HIM AS AN ADVIS] 9 ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,W>4 ,HE ASK$ HIS OP9ION ON ! EM]G+ =MS ( REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,HIS RESPONSE WAS UNEQUIVOCAL3 0,MILIT>ILY1 ITS *AOS1 BUT IT'S A *AOS ?AT WORKS4 ,DON'T DI/URB IT60 .<#e#c#e.> 

,! ,NEI<BORHOOD ,COMMITTEES1 :I* HAD DIV]SE NAMES BUT ALL %>$ A LIB]T>IAN \TLOOK1 F$]AT$ & CREAT$ A REVOLUTION>Y ,LOCAL ,COORD9ATION ,COMMITTEE4 

,P[]1 PROP]LY SPEAK+1 DID NOT EXI/4 ,! ,G5]ALITAT WAS A PURE SYMBOL4 ,! ,C,C,A,M,C C\LD NOT TAKE A /EP )\T ! SUPPORT ( ! UNIONS & ! MILITIAS C\LD NOT BE ORGANIZ$ )\T ! COLLABORATION ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES & ! UNIONS4 ,ON ,JULY #b#b1 ! ,NEI<BORHOOD ,COMMITTEES TOOK OV] ! DEP>TM5T /ORES1 :]E SELF-MANAG+ GR\PS ( EMPLOYES BEGAN DI/RIBUT+ FREE CLO!S4 ,! PEOPLE OP5$ ! PAWN%OP & RETURN$ ! ITEMS IT HELD TO !IR ORIG9AL [N]S4 ,SEW+ MA*9ES1 MATTRESSES1 BLANKETS1 & W>M CLO!S SOLD BY ! WORK]S AT ! 5D ( W9T] W]E N[ BACK 9 ! H&S ( !IR 9ITIAL PROPRIETORS4 ,LLUIS ,COMPANYS CALL$ ALL ( ?IS AN 0EXCESS0 ( ! ,C,N,T4 

,ON ,JULY #b#c1 ! ,C,N,T'S ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ,UNIONS PUBLI%$ A FLI] SAY+3 0,WORK]1 ORGANIZE Y\RSELF 9 MILITIAS4 ,DON'T GIVE UP Y\R RIFLE OR AMMUNITION4 ,DON'T LOSE CONTACT ) Y\R UNION4 ,Y\R LIFE & LIB]TY >E 9 Y\R H&S40 .<#e#c#f.> ,?IS FLI] WAS A RESPONSE TO AN ORD] ?AT ! ,C,C,A,M,C ISSU$ TO ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES /AT+ ?AT IT W\LD GIVE EA* >M$ WORK] A C>D LI/+ HIS NAME1 WEAPONS1 & UNION & ?AT WORK]S :O NO LONG] WI%$ TO BE> >MS W]E TO H& !IR WEAPONS OV] TO ! ,C,C,A,M,C1 :I* W\LD DEPOSIT !M 9 ! B>RACKS CLOSE/ TO !IR SECTOR4 ,! UNIONS 9T]PRET$ ?IS AS AN ATTEMPT TO DIS>M ! PEOPLE4 ,! ,NEI<BORHOOD ,COMMITTEES1 :I* WANT$ TO CONTROL !IR [N >EAS ) !IR [N >M$ GR\PS1 HAD A SIMIL> REACTION4 ,VIC5TE ,GU>N]1 :O REPLAC$ ,F$]ICO ,ESC(ET AS ,G5]AL ,COMMISSION]1 HAD ?IS TO SAY AB\T ! POPUL> MOBILIZATION3  
  

,I MADE A LA/ ATTEMPT TO REE/ABLI% ORD]1 9 SO F> AS IT WAS POSSIBLE1 BY >RANG+ A MEET+ 9 MY (FICE ) ! ,C,N,T ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 :I* L$ A :OLE NETWORK ( ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES 9 ,B>CELONA'S DI/RICTS4 ,I BELIEVE ?AT .<,M>COS.> ,ALCON & .< ,JOSE.> ,ASS5S PRESID$ OV] ! GR\P1 & !RE W]E O!R IMPORTANT ,C,N,T MEMB]S !RE AS WELL4 ,I EXPLA9$ ! NE$ TO NORMALIZE & /RUCTURE ! RESI/ANCE TO ! FASCI/S4 ,! ,DI/RICT ,COMMITTEES W]E NOT TO C>RY \T ANY SE>*ES )\T ! APPROVAL ( ,POLICE ,HEADQU>T]S1 :OSE 9SPECTORS OR AG5TS HAD TO HE> A /ATEM5T 9 EV]Y CASE4 ,!Y ALSO CAN'T ALL[ ACTS AGA9/ 9DIVIDUALS1 SU* AS ABSURD & LAWLESS ASSASS9ATIONS2 0POPUL> TRIBUNALS0 W\LD SOON BE =M$ & !IR RULES HAD ALREADY BE5 DRAFT$4 ,!Y TOLD ME ?AT ! MILIT>Y REBELLION HAD PRODUC$ A REVOLUTION>Y REACTION ( A C]TA9 TYPE & ?AT ! PEOPLE HAD TO ACT ON !IR [N 9ITIATIVE4 ,I REPLI$ ?AT ,I WAS OBLIG$ TO 5SURE ?AT PEOPLE OBEY ! LAW4 ,I WAS ASK$ 7BY ,ALCON1 ,I ?9K7 IF ,I ?\<T ,I C\LD RELY ON MY ,SECURITY =CES4 ,HE MADE ME LOOK \T ! BALCONY AT V>I\S GU>DS AT ! DOOR ( ! ,G5]AL ,/ATION :O HAD TI$ R$ & BLACK ,C,N,T SC>VES >\ND !IR NECKS4 ,I SAID GOODBYE TO ! ,CONF$]ALS & ORD]$ MY SECRET>Y TO >RANGE ! >RE/ ( ALL GU>DS BE>+ ANTI-REGULATION G>M5TS4 ,I ALSO CONSID]$ IT MY DUTY TO IMM$IATELY REPORT ?AT CONV]SATION TO ,PRESID5T ,COMPANYS1 :O ACCEPT$ MY RESIGNATION4 ,HE CALL$ HIS SECRET>Y 7,JOAN ,MOLES AT ! TIME71 :O GOT ME A POSITION AS A MILIT>Y ADVIS] 9 ! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,ANTI-,FASCI/ ,MILITIAS ( ,CATALONIA4.<#e#c#g.>  
  

,! :IRLW9D ( EV5TS HAD SCATT]$ ! MEMB]S ( ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P4 ,EA* WAS 5GAG$ 9 IMPORTANT TASKS4 ,AURELIO ,F]N&EZ & ,ASS5S ORGANIZ$ 0,CONTROL ,PATROLS10 :I* W]E =M$ BY UNION-APPO9T$ MILITANTS4 ,!SE PATROL GR\PS HAD ! DUAL MISSION ( 5SUR+ REVOLUTION>Y ORD] 7AS DECRE$ BY ! ,C,C,A,M,C7 :ILE ALSO /AY+ 9 CONTACT ) ! UNIONS & ,NEI<BORHOOD ,COMMITTEES SO ?AT !Y C\LD RESPOND 9 A CONC]T$ WAY IF !RE WAS AN ATTEMPT FROM 0ABOVE0 TO CRU% ! REVOLUTION4 ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 ,SANTILLAN1 & ,$O ORGANIZ$ MILITIA COLUMNS & S5T !M (F TO ,>AGON4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 HEAD ( ! ,DEP>TM5T ( ,W>1 PUT ! W> 9DU/RY 9 MOTION1 AS WELL AS MILIT>Y & AVIATION 9/RUCTION4 ,VIVANCOS1 ,ORTIZ1 & ,GREGORIO ,JOV] W]E BUSY PUTT+ TOGE!R COLUMNS ( !IR [N1 :I* W\LD ALSO GO TO ,>AGON4 

,DESPITE !IR MANIFOLD ACTIVITIES1 ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P WAS ABLE TO MEET & DISCUSS ! CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,!Y ALL AGRE$ ?AT IT WAS NECESS>Y TO TRANSC5D ! ALLIANCE BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! POLITICAL P>TIES & CREATE AN AU!NTIC REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION4 ,?AT ORGANIZATION W\LD RE/ DIRECTLY ON ,B>CELONA & ,CATALONIA'S UNIONS & ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEES4 ,TOGE!R1 ?OSE GR\PS W\LD =M A ,REGIONAL ,ASSEMBLY1 :I* W\LD BE ! REVOLUTION'S EXECUTIVE BODY4 

,BUT ! MILITANTS 9 ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P KNEW ?AT ! VICTORY ( ! REVOLUTION REQUIR$ MORE ?AN ?AT4 ,)\T ! SUPPORT ( ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT1 ! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION'S DAYS W]E NUMB]$1 :ATEV] ! ,SPANI>DS !MSELVES MI<T DO4 ,?AT WAS ! TRAG$Y ( ,SPANI% AN>*ISM4 ,! AN>*I/ MOVEM5T HAD BE5 GR[+ 9 ,SPA9 & ULTIMATELY BECAME A P[]FUL & DET]M9ANT =CE 9 ! C\NTRY4 ,BUT AN>*I/S HAD BE5 LOS+ GR\ND 9 ! RE/ ( ! WORLD3 !Y HAD LO/ !IR 9FLU5CE ON ! WORK+ CLASS1 :I* HAD FALL5 UND] ! CONTROL ( SOCIAL DEMOCRATS & ,/AL9I/S4 ,N[ EV]Y?+ DEP5D$ ON MAK+ ! 9T]NATIONAL PROLET>IAT AW>E ( ! FACT ?AT ,SPANI% WORK]S HAD EMB>K$ ON ONE ( ! MO/ EXTRAORD9>Y REVOLUTIONS 9 HI/ORY4 ,?IS WASN'T AN EASY TASK4 ,!RE WAS ! ,SOVIET ,UNION1 :OSE =EIGN POLICY DEM&$ PROLET>IAN SUBMISSION 9 ! B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACIES1 ) :OM ! ,U,S,S,R HAD =G$ ALLIANCES4 ,IT ALSO WASN'T EASY 9 ! FACE ( A ,LEON ,BLUM1 :O WAS ALWAYS RESPECTFUL ( DEMOCRATIC B\RGEOIS NORMS4 ,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION & ITS AN>*I/ CONT5T AGITAT$ EV]YONE & LITTLE HELP C\LD BE EXPECT$4 ,! ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>IES !MSELVES W\LD HAVE TO DISRUPT ! :OLE WORLD & 9T]NATIONALIZE ! REVOLUTION4 ,?AT IS PRECISELY :AT ! ,NOSOTROS GR\P SET \T TO DO1 BEG9N+ ) ! EXPLOSIVE SITUATION 9 ,MOROCCO4 ,FRANCO'S HEADQU>T]S & RES]VES W]E !RE & DEMOCRATIC1 ,POPUL> ,FRONT ,FRANCE WAS WAG+ A W> AGA9/ ! NATIONALI/ ,>ABS4 ,IF ,SPANI% REVOLUTION>IES C\LD FOM5T A REVOLT 9 ! SO-CALL$ 0,SPANI% ,PROTECTORATE10 ! REBELLION W\LD SPREAD TO ! ,FR5* COLONIAL ZONE4 ,?IS W\LD OBLIGE ,FRANCE TO 9T]V5E AS A COLONIAL =CE1 :I* MI<T WAKE UP ! ,FR5* PROLET>IAT4 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] TOOK ON ! TASK ( 9CIT+ ! ,MOROCCAN REBELLION4 

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