,*APT] #g 
,! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMUNE BY ,IDA ,METT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,B>RY ,PATEMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,AU?OR 3 ,IA9 ,MC,KAY 

,AU?OR 3 ,IDA ,METT 

,AU?OR 3 ,LUIGI ,FABBRI 

,AU?OR 3 ,MAURICE ,BR9TON 

,AU?OR 3 ,OTTO ,RUHLE 

,AU?OR 3 ,RUDOLPH ,ROCK] 

,AU?OR 3 ,PAUL ,MATTICK 

,TEXT 3 

,! ,KRON/ADT ,COMMUNE BY ,IDA ,METT 

,! ,KRON/ADT ,EV5TS 

0,A NEW ,:ITE PLOT444 EXPECT$ & UND\BT$LY PREP>$ BY ! ,FR5* C\NT]-REVOLUTION40 ,PRAVDA1 ,M>* #c1 #a#i#b#a4 

0,:ITE G5]ALS1 Y\ ALL KN[ IT1 PLAY$ A GREAT P>T 9 ?IS4 ,?IS IS FULLY PROV$40 ,L591 REPORT DELIV]$ TO ! #a? ,CONGRESS ( ! ,R4,C4,P47,B71 ,M>* #h1 #a#i#b#a1 ,SELECT$ ,WORKS1 VOL4 ,I,X1 P4 #i#h4 

0,! ,BOL%EVIKS D5\NC$ ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT AS C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y MUT9E]S1 L$ BY A ,:ITE G5]AL4 ,! D5UNCIATION APPE>S TO HAVE BE5 GR\NDLESS40 ,ISAAC ,DEUT*]1 ,! ,PROPHET ,>M$1 7,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#d7 P4 #e#a#a4 

0,NO PRET5SE WAS MADE ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT MUT9E] W]E ,:ITE ,GU>DS40 ,BRIAN ,PE>CE 7,HI/ORIAN ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,LEAQUE 7 9 ,LABOR ,REVIEW1 VOL4 ,V1 ,NO4 #c4 

#a4 ,BACKGR\ND TO ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION 

,! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION BROKE \T ?REE MON?S AFT] ! CONCLUSION ( ! CIVIL W> ON ! ,EUROPEAN FRONT4 

,AS ! ,CIVIL ,W> DREW TO A VICTORI\S 5D ! WORK+ MASSES ( ,RUSSIA W]E 9 A /ATE ( *RONIC FAM9E4 ,!Y W]E ALSO 9CREAS+LY DOM9AT$ BY A RU?LESS REGIME1 RUL$ BY A S+LE P>TY4 ,! G5]ATION :I* HAD MADE ,OCTOB] /ILL REMEMB]$ ! PROMISE ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! HOPES !Y HAD ( BUILD+ A NEW K9D ( SOCIETY4 

,?IS G5]ATION HAD COMPRIS$ A V]Y REM>KABLE SECTION ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,IT HAD RELUCTANTLY AB&ON$ ITS DEM&S = EQUALITY & = REAL FRE$OM1 BELIEV+ !M TO BE1 IF NOT 9COMPATIBLE ) W>1 AT LEA/ DIFFICULT TO A*IEVE UND] W>TIME CONDITIONS4 ,BUT ONCE VICTORY WAS ASSUR$1 ! WORK]S 9 ! T[NS1 ! SAILORS1 ! ,R$ ,>MY M51 & ! PEASANTS1 ALL ?OSE :O HAD %$ !IR BLOOD DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>1 C\LD SEE NO FUR!R JU/IFICATION = !IR H>D%IPS & = BL9D SUBMISSION TO A F]OCI\S DISCIPL9E4 ,EV5 IF !SE MI<T HAVE HAD SOME REASON 9 W>TIME1 SU* REASONS NO LONG] APPLI$4 

,:ILE MANY HAD BE5 FI<T+ AT ! FRONT1 O!RS--?OSE 5JOY+ DOM9ANT POSITIONS 9 ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS--HAD BE5 CONSOLIDAT+ !IR P[] & DETA*+ !MSELVES MORE & MORE FROM ! WORK]S4 ,! BUREAUCRACY WAS ALREADY ASSUM+ AL>M+ PROPORTIONS4 ,! ,/ATE MA*9E WAS 9 ! H&S ( A S+LE ,P>TY1 ITSELF MORE & MORE P]MEAT$ BY C>E]I/ ELEM5TS4 ,A NON ,P>TY WORK] WAS WOR? LESS1 ON ! SCALE ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 ?AN AN EX B\RGEOIS OR NOBLEMAN1 :O HAD BELAT$LY RALLI$ TO ! ,P>TY4 ,FREE CRITICISM NO LONG] EXI/$4 ,ANY ,P>TY MEMB] C\LD D5\NCE AS 'C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y' ANY WORK] SIMPLY DEF5D+ HIS CLASS RI<TS & HIS DIGNITY AS A WORK]4 

,9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTION W]E DECL9+ RAPIDLY4 ,!RE W]E VIRTUALLY NO RAW MAT]IALS = ! FACTORIES4 ,MA*9]Y WAS WORN & NEGLECT$4 ,! MA9 CONC]N ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS ! BITT] FI<T AGA9/ FAM9E4 ,!FTS FROM ! FACTORIES HAD BECOME A SORT ( COMP5SATION = MIS]ABLY PAID LABOR4 ,SU* !FTS CONT9U$ DESPITE ! REPEAT$ SE>*ES C>RI$ \T BY ! ,*EKA AT ! FACTORY GATES4 

,WORK]S :O /ILL HAD CONNECTIONS ) ! C\NTRYSIDE W\LD GO !RE TO B>T] OLD CLO!S1 MAT*ES1 OR SALT 9 EX*ANGE = FOOD4 ,! TRA9S W]E CRAMM$ ) SU* PEOPLE 7! ,ME*OT*NIKI74 ,DESPITE A ?\S& DIFFICULTIES1 !Y W\LD TRY TO BR+ FOOD TO ! FAMI%$ CITIES4 ,WORK+ CLASS ANG] W\LD BREAK \T REPEAT$LY1 AS B>RAGES ( MILITIA CONFISCAT$ ! PALTRY LOADS ( FL\R OR POTATOES WORK]S W\LD BE C>RY+ ON !IR BACKS TO PREV5T !IR *ILDR5 FROM />V+4 

,! PEASANTS W]E SUBMITT$ TO COMPULSORY REQUISITIONS4 ,!Y W]E S[+ LESS1 DESPITE ! DANG] ( FAM9E ?AT N[ RESULT$ FROM BAD CROPS4 ,BAD CROPS HAD BE5 COMMON4 ,UND] ORD9>Y CONDITIONS SU* CROPS HAD NOT AUTOMATICALLY HAD !SE DISA/R\S EFFECTS4 ,! CULTIVAT$ >EAS W]E L>G] & ! PEASANTS W\LD USUALLY SET SOME?+ ASIDE = MORE DIFFICULT TIMES4 

,! SITUATION PREC$+ ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ CAN BE SUMM$ UP AS A FANTA/IC DISCREPANCY BETWE5 PROMISE & A*IEVEM5T4 ,!RE W]E H>% ECONOMIC DIFFICULTIES4 ,BUT AS IMPORTANT WAS ! FACT ?AT ! G5]ATION 9 QUE/ION HAD NOT =GOTT5 ! MEAN+ ( ! RI<TS IT HAD /RUGGL$ = DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS WAS TO PROVIDE ! REAL PSY*OLOGICAL BACKGR\ND TO ! UPRIS+4 

,! ,R$ ,NAVY HAD PROBLEMS ( ITS [N4 ,S9CE ! ,BRE/ ,LITOVSK PEACE1 ! ,GOV]NM5T HAD UND]TAK5 A COMPLETE REORGANIZATION ( ! >M$ =CES ON ! BASIS ( A RIGID DISCIPL9E1 A DISCIPL9E QUITE 9COMPATIBLE ) ! ]/:ILE PR9CIPLE ( ELECTION ( (FIC]S BY ! M54 ,A :OLE HI]>*ICAL /RUCTURE HAD BE5 9TRODUC$4 ,?IS HAD GRADUALLY /IFL$ ! DEMOCRATIC T5D5CIES :I* HAD PREVAIL$ AT ! ONSET ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,= PURELY TE*NICAL REASONS SU* A REORGANIZATION HAD NOT BE5 POSSIBLE 9 ! ,NAVY1 :]E REVOLUTION>Y TRADITIONS HAD /RONG ROOTS4 ,MO/ ( ! NAVAL (FIC]S HAD GONE OV] TO ! ,:ITES1 & ! SAILORS /ILL RETA9$ MANY ( ! DEMOCRATIC RI<TS !Y HAD WON 9 #a#i#a#g4 ,IT HAD NOT BE5 POSSIBLE TO COMPLETELY DISMANTLE !IR ORGANIZATIONS4 

,?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS WAS 9 /RIK+ CONTRA/ ) :AT P]TA9$ 9 ! RE/ ( ! >M$ =CES4 ,IT C\LD NOT LA/4 ,DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! RANK & FILE SAILORS & ! HI<] COMM& ( ! >M$ =CES /EADILY 9CREAS$4 ,) ! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> 9 ,EUROPEAN ,RUSSIA !SE DIFF]5CES BECAME EXPLOSIVE4 

,DISCONT5T WAS RAMPANT NOT ONLY AMONG ! NON-,P>TY SAILORS4 ,IT ALSO AFFECT$ ,COMMUNI/ SAILORS4 ,ATTEMPTS TO 'DISCIPL9E' ! ,FLEET BY 9TRODUC+ ',>MY CU/OMS' MET ) /IFF RESI/ANCE FROM #aib ON4 ,Z(1 A LEAD+ ,P>TY MEMB] & A MEMB] ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,W> ,COMMITTEE = ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET1 WAS (FICIALLY D5\NC$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ SAILORS = HIS 'DICTATORIAL ATTITUDES4' ,! 5ORM\S GAP DEVELOP+ BETWE5 ! RANK & FILE & ! LEAD]%IP WAS %[N UP DUR+ ! ELECTIONS TO ! ,EI<? ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS1 HELD 9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#b4 ,AT ! NAVAL BASE ( ,PETROGRAD L>GE NUMB]S ( SAILORS HAD NOISILY LEFT ! ELECTORAL MEET+1 OP5LY PROTE/+ AGA9/ ! DISPAT* !RE AS (FICIAL DELEGATES ( PEOPLE FROM ,POLITOTDIEL & FROM ,COMFLOT 7I4E41 FROM ! V]Y ORGANIZATIONS MONOPOLIZ+ POLITICAL CONTROL ( ! ,NAVY74 

,ON #a#e? ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a1 ! ,SECOND ,CONF]5CE ( ,COMMUNI/ ,SAILORS ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET HAD MET4 ,IT HAD ASSEMBL$ #c DELEGATES :O HAD VOT$ = ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTIONS3 

0,?IS ,SECOND ,CONF]5CE ( ,COMMUNI/ ,SAILORS CONDEMNS ! WORK ( ,P\BALT 7,POLITICAL ,SECTION ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET74 

,P\BALT HAS NOT ONLY SEP>AT$ ITSELF FROM ! MASSES BUT ALSO FROM ! ACTIVE FUNCTION>IES4 ,IT HAS BECOME TRANS=M$ 9TO A BUREAUCRATIC ORGAN 5JOY+ NO AU?ORITY AMONG ! SAILORS4 

,!RE IS TOTAL ABS5CE ( PLAN OR ME?OD 9 ! WORK ( ,P\BALT4 ,!RE IS ALSO A LACK ( AGREEM5T BETWE5 ITS ACTIONS & ! RESOLUTIONS ADOPT$ AT ! ,N9? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS4 

,P\BALT1 HAV+ TOTALLY DETA*$ ITSELF FROM ! ,P>TY MASSES1 HAS DE/ROY$ ALL LOCAL 9ITIATIVE4 ,IT HAS TRANS=M$ ALL POLITICAL WORK 9TO PAP] WORK4 ,?IS HAS HAD H>MFUL REP]CUSSIONS ON ! ORGANIZATION ( ! MASSES 9 ! ,FLEET4 ,BETWE5 ,JUNE & ,NOVEMB] LA/ YE>1 #b P] C5T ( ! SAILOR ,P>TY MEMB]S HAVE LEFT ! ,P>TY4 ,?IS CAN BE EXPLA9$ BY ! WRONG ME?ODS ( ! WORK ( ,P\BALT4 

,! CAUSE IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! V]Y PR9CIPLES ( ,P\BALT'S ORGANIZATION4 

,!SE PR9CIPLES MU/ BE *ANG$ 9 ! DIRECTION ( GREAT] DEMOCRACY40 

,SEV]AL DELEGATES DEM&$ 9 !IR SPEE*ES ! TOTAL ABOLITION ( ! 'POLITICAL SECTIONS' 9 ! ,NAVY1 A DEM& WE WILL F9D VOIC$ AGA9 9 ! SAILORS' RESOLUTIONS DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+4 ,?IS WAS ! FRAME ( M9D 9 :I* ! FAM\S DISCUSSION ON ! TRADE UNION QUE/ION PREC$+ ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS TOOK PLACE4 

,9 ! DOCUM5TS ( ! P]IOD ONE CAN CLE>LY P]CEIVE ! WILL ( C]TA9 ,BOL%EVIK LEAD]S 7AMONG :OM ,TROTSKY7 NOT ONLY TO IGNORE ! GREAT DISCONT5T AFFECT+ ! WORK]S & ALL ?OSE :O HAD F\<T 9 ! PREVI\S P]IOD1 BUT ALSO TO APPLY MILIT>Y ME?ODS TO ! PROBLEMS ( EV]YDAY LIFE1 P>TICUL>LY TO 9DU/RY & TO ! TRADE UNIONS4 

,9 !SE HEAT$ DISCUSSIONS1 ! SAILORS ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET ADOPT$ A VIEWPO9T V]Y DIFF]5T FROM ,TROTSKY'S4 ,AT ! ELECTIONS TO ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET VOT$ SOLIDLY AGA9/ ITS LEAD]S3 ,TROTSKY1 ,PEOPLES ,COMMISS> ( ,W> 7UND] :OSE AU?ORITY ! ,NAVY CAME71 & ,RASKOLNIKOV1 ,*IEF ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET4 ,TROTSKY & ,RASKOLNIKOV W]E 9 AGREEM5T ON ! ,TRADE ,UNION QUE/ION4 

,! SAILORS S\<T TO PROTE/ AGA9/ ! DEVELOP+ SITUATION BY AB&ON+ ! ,P>TY 5 MASSE4 ,ACCORD+ TO 9=MATION RELEAS$ BY ,SOR9E1 ,COMMISS> = ,PETROGRAD1 #e1 SAILORS LEFT ! ,P>TY 9 ,JANU>Y #aiba ALONE4 

,!RE IS NO D\BT ?AT ! DISCUSSION TAK+ PLACE )9 ! ,P>TY AT ?IS TIME HAD PR(\ND EFFECTS ON ! MASSES4 ,IT OV]FL[$ ! N>R[ LIMITS ! ,P>TY S\<T TO IMPOSE ON IT4 ,IT SPREAD TO ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE1 TO ! SOLDI]S & TO ! SAILORS4 ,HEAT$ LOCAL CRITICISM ACT$ AS A G5]AL CATALY/4 ,! PROLET>IAT HAD REASON$ QUITE LOGICALLY3 IF DISCUSSION & CRITICISM W]E P]MITT$ TO ,P>TY MEMB]S1 :Y %\LD !Y NOT BE P]MITT$ TO ! MASSES !MSELVES :O HAD 5DUR$ ALL ! H>D%IPS ( ! ,CIVIL ,W>8 

,9 HIS SPEE* TO ! ,T5? ,CONGRESS--PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,CONGRESS ,PROCE$+S --,L59 VOIC$ HIS REGRET AT HAV+ 'P]MITT$' SU* A DISCUSSION4 ',WE HAVE C]TA9LY COMMITT$ AN ]ROR1' HE SAID1 '9 HAV+ AU?ORIZ$ ?IS DEBATE4 ,SU* A DISCUSSION WAS H>MFUL JU/ BE=E ! ,SPR+ MON?S ?AT W\LD BE LOAD$ ) SU* DIFFICULTIES4' 

#b4 ,PETROGRAD ON ! ,EVE ( ,KRON/ADT 

,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT ! POPULATION ( ,PETROGRAD HAD DIM9I%$ BY TWO ?IRDS1 ! W9T] ( #a#i#b-#b#a PROV$ TO BE A P>TICUL>LY H>D ONE4 

,FOOD 9 ! CITY HAD BE5 SC>CE S9CE ,FEBRU>Y #aiag & ! SITUATION HAD DET]IORAT$ FROM MON? TO MON?4 ,! T[N HAD ALWAYS RELI$ ON FOOD /UFFS BR\<T 9 FROM O!R P>TS ( ! C\NTRY4 ,DUR+ ! ,REVOLUTION ! RURAL ECONOMY WAS 9 CRISIS 9 MANY ( !SE REGIONS4 ,! C\NTRYSIDE C\LD ONLY FE$ ! CAPITAL TO A V]Y SMALL EXT5T4 ,! CATA/ROPHIC CONDITION ( ! RAILWAYS MADE ?+S EV5 WORSE4 ,! EV] 9CREAS+ ANTAGONISMS BETWE5 T[N & C\NTRY CREAT$ FUR!R DIFFICULTIES EV]Y:]E4 

,TO !SE P>TLY UNAVOIDABLE FACTORS MU/ BE ADD$ ! BUREAUCRATIC DEG5]ATION ( ! ADM9I/RATION & ! RAPACITY ( ! ,/ATE ORGANS = FOOD SUPPLY4 ,!IR ROLE 9 FE$+ ! POPULATION WAS ACTUALLY A NEGATIVE ONE4 ,IF ! POPULATION ( ,PETROGRAD DID NOT DIE ( HUNG] DUR+ ?IS P]IOD1 IT WAS ABOVE ALL ?ANKS TO ITS [N ADAPTABILITY & 9ITIATIVE4 ,IT GOT FOOD :]EV] IT C\LD6 

,B>T] WAS PRACTIC$ ON A L>GE SCALE4 ,!RE WAS /ILL SOME FOOD TO BE HAD 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE1 DESPITE ! SMALL] >EA UND] CULTIVATION4 ,! PEASANT W\LD EX*ANGE ?IS PRODUCE = ! GOODS HE LACK$3 BOOTS1 PETROL1 SALT1 MAT*ES4 ,! POPULATION ( ! T[NS W\LD TRY & GET HOLD ( !SE COMMODITIES 9 ANY WAY IT C\LD4 ,!Y ALONE HAD REAL VALUE4 ,IT W\LD TAKE !M TO ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,9 EX*ANGE PEOPLE W\LD C>RY BACK A FEW P\NDS ( FL\R OR POTATOES4 ,AS WE HAVE M5TION$ BE=E1 ! FEW TRA9S1 UNHEAT$1 W\LD BE PACK$ ) M5 C>RY+ BAGS ON !IR %\LD]S4 ,5 R\TE1 ! TRA9S W\LD (T5 HAVE TO /OP BECAUSE !Y HAD RUN \T ( FUEL4 ,PASS5G]S W\LD GET (F & CUT LOGS = ! BOIL]S4 

,M>KET PLACES HAD (FICIALLY BE5 ABOLI%$4 ,BUT 9 NE>LY ALL T[NS !RE W]E SEMI-TOL]AT$ ILLEGAL M>KETS1 :]E B>T] WAS C>RI$ \T4 ,SU* M>KETS EXI/$ 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,SUDD5LY1 9 ! ,SUMM] ( #a#i#b1 ,Z9OVIEV ISSU$ A DECREE =BIDD+ ANY K9D ( COMM]CIAL TRANSACTION4 ,! FEW SMALL %OPS /ILL OP5 W]E CLOS$ & !IR DOORS SEAL$4 ,H[EV]1 ! ,/ATE APP>ATUS WAS 9 NO POSITION TO SUPPLY ! T[NS4 ,FROM ?IS MOM5T ON1 FAM9E C\LD NO LONG] BE ATT5UAT$ BY ! 9ITIATIVE ( ! POPULATION4 ,IT BECAME EXTREME4 ,9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#a1 ACCORD+ TO 9=MATION PUBLI%$ BY ,PETROKOMM\NS 7! ,/ATE ,SUPPLIES ( ! T[N ( ,PETROGRAD71 WORK]S 9 METAL SMELT+ FACTORIES W]E ALLOCAT$ RATIONS ( #h GRAMS ( BLACK BREAD A DAY2 %OCK WORK]S 9 O!R FACTORIES #f GRAMS2 WORK]S ) ,A4,V4 C>DS3 #d GRAMS2 O!R WORK]S3 #b GRAMS4 ,BLACK BREAD WAS ! /APLE DIET ( ! ,RUSSIAN PEOPLE AT ?IS TIME4 

,BUT EV5 !SE (FICIAL RATIONS W]E DI/RIBUT$ IRREGUL>LY & 9 EV5 SMALL] AM\NTS ?AN ?OSE /IPULAT$4 ,TRANSPORT WORK]S W\LD RECEIVE1 AT IRREGUL> 9T]VALS1 ! EQUIVAL5T ( #g TO #a1 CALORIES A DAY4 ,LODG+S W]E UNHEAT$4 ,!RE WAS A GREAT %ORTAGE ( BO? CLO?+ & FOOTWE>4 ,ACCORD+ TO (FICIAL /ATI/ICS1 WORK+ CLASS WAGES 9 #aib 9 ,PETROGRAD W]E ONLY #i P]C5T ( ?OSE 9 #a#i#a#c4 

,! POPULATION WAS DRIFT+ AWAY FROM ! CAPITAL4 ,ALL :O HAD RELATIVES 9 ! C\NTRY HAD REJO9$ !M4 ,! AU!NTIC PROLET>IAT REMA9$ TILL ! 5D1 HAV+ ! MO/ SL5D] CONNECTIONS ) ! C\NTRYSIDE4 

,?IS FACT MU/ BE EMPHASIZ$1 9 ORD] TO NAIL ! (FICIAL LIES SEEK+ TO ATTRIBUTE ! ,PETROGRAD /RIKES ?AT W]E SOON TO BREAK \T TO PEASANT ELEM5TS1 '9SUFFICI5TLY /EEL$ 9 PROLET>IAN IDEAS4' ,! REAL SITUATION WAS ! V]Y OPPOSITE4 ,A FEW WORK]S W]E SEEK+ REFUGE 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,! BULK REMA9$4 ,!RE WAS C]TA9LY NO EXODUS ( PEASANTS 9TO ! />V+ T[NS6 ,A FEW ?\S& ',TR\D>MEITZYS' 7SOLDI]S ( ! LABOR >MIES71 !N 9 ,PETROGRAD1 DID NOT MODIFY ! PICTURE4 ,IT WAS ! FAM\S ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT1 ! PROLET>IAT :I* HAD PLAY$ SU* A LEAD+ ROLE 9 BO? PREVI\S REVOLUTIONS1 ?AT WAS F9ALLY TO RESORT TO ! CLASSICAL WEAPON ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE3 ! /RIKE4 

,! FIR/ /RIKE BROKE \T AT ! ,TR\BOT*NY FACTORY1 ON #b#cRD ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#b#a4 ,ON ! #b#d?1 ! /RIK]S ORGANIZ$ A MASS DEMON/RATION 9 ! /REET4 ,Z9OVIEV S5T DETA*M5TS ( ',K\RSANTY' 7/UD5T (FIC]S7 AGA9/ !M4 ,! /RIK]S TRI$ TO CONTACT ! ,F9NI% ,B>RACKS4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ! /RIKES W]E SPREAD+4 ,! ,BALTISKY FACTORY /OPP$ WORK4 ,!N ! ,LAF]MA FACTORY & A NUMB] ( O!RS3 ! ,SKOROKHOD %OE FACTORY1 ! ,ADMIRALTEISKI FACTORY1 ! ,BORMANN & ,METALIS*ESKI PLANTS1 & F9ALLY1 ON #b#h? ,FEBRU>Y1 ! GREAT ,PUTILOV WORKS ITSELF4 

,! /RIK]S W]E DEM&+ MEASURES TO ASSI/ FOOD SUPPLIES4 ,SOME FACTORIES W]E DEM&+ ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( ! LOCAL M>KETS1 FRE$OM TO TRAVEL )9 A RADIUS ( ?IRTY MILES ( ! CITY1 & ! )DRAWAL ( ! MILITIA DETA*M5TS HOLD+ ! ROAD >\ND ! T[N4 ,BUT SIDE BY SIDE ) !SE ECONOMIC DEM&S SEV]AL FACTORIES W]E PUTT+ =W>D MORE POLITICAL DEM&S3 FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! ,PRESS1 ! FREE+ ( WORK+ CLASS POLITICAL PRISON]S4 ,9 SEV]AL BIG FACTORIES1 ,P>TY SPOKESM5 W]E REFUS$ A HE>+4 

,CONFRONT$ ) ! MIS]Y ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S :O W]E SEEK+ AN \TLET TO !IR 9TOL]ABLE CONDITIONS1 ! S]VILE ,P>TY ,COMMITTEE & ,Z9OVIEV1 7:O ACCORD+ TO NUM]\S ACC\NTS WAS BEHAV+ 9 ,PETROGRAD LIKE A REAL TYRANT71 C\LD F9D NO BETT] ME?ODS ( P]SUASION ?AN BRUTE =CE4 

,PUKHOV1 '(FICIAL' HI/ORIAN ( ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT1 WROTE ?AT 'DECISIVE CLASS MEASURES W]E NE$$ TO OV]COME ! 5EMIES ( ! REVOLUTION :O W]E US+ A NON CLASS CONSCI\S SECTION ( ! PROLET>IAT1 9 ORD] TO WR5* P[] FROM ! WORK+ CLASS & ITS VANGU>D1 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4'.<#b#f.> 

,ON #b#d? ,FEBRU>Y1 ! ,P>TY LEAD]S SET UP A SPECIAL ,G5]AL ,/AFF1 CALL$ ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,DEF5SE4 ,IT WAS COMPOS$ ( ?REE PEOPLE3 ,LA*EVIT*1 ,ANZELOVIT*1 & ,AVROV4 ,!Y W]E TO BE SUPPORT$ BY A NUMB] ( TE*NICAL ASSI/ANTS4 ,9 EA* DI/RICT ( ! T[N1 A SIMIL> ,COMMITTEE ( ,?REE 7'TROIKA'7 WAS TO BE SET UP1 COMPOS$ ( ! LOCAL ,P>TY ORGANIZ]1 ! COMM&] ( ! ,P>TY BATTALION ( ! LOCAL T]RITORIAL BRIGADE & ( A ,COMMISS> FROM ! ,(FIC]S' ,TRA9+ ,CORPS4 ,SIMIL> ,COMMITTEES W]E ORGANIZ$ 9 ! \TLY+ DI/RICTS4 ,!SE W]E COMPOS$ ( ! LOCAL ,P>TY ORGANIZ]1 ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,EXECUTIVE ( ! LOCAL ,SOVIET & ! MILIT>Y ,COMMISS> = ! ,DI/RICT4 

,ON #b#d? ,FEBRU>Y ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,DEF5SE PROCLAIM$ A /ATE ( SIEGE 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,ALL CIRCULATION ON ! /REETS WAS =BIDD5 AFT] #aa ,P,M1 AS W]E ALL MEET+S & GA!R+S1 BO? \T ( DOORS & 9DOORS1 ?AT HAD NOT BE5 SPECIFICALLY P]MITT$ BY ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE4 ',ALL 9FR+EM5TS W\LD BE DEALT ) ACCORD+ TO MILIT>Y LAW4' ,! DECREE WAS SIGN$ BY ,AVROV 7LAT] %OT BY ! ,/AL9I/S71 ,COMM&] ( ! ,PETROGRAD MILIT>Y REGION1 BY ,LA*EVIT* 7:O LAT] COMMITT$ SUICIDE71 A MEMB] ( ! ,W> ,C\NCIL1 & BY ,B\L9E 7LAT] %OT BY ! ,/AL9I/S71 ,COMM&] ( ! =TIFI$ ,PETROGRAD ,DI/RICT4 

,A G5]AL MOBILIZATION ( P>TY MEMB]S WAS DECRE$4 ,SPECIAL DETA*M5TS W]E CREAT$1 TO BE S5T TO 0SPECIAL DE/9ATIONS40 ,AT ! SAME TIME1 ! MILITIA DETA*M5TS GU>D+ ! ROADS 9 & \T ( ! T[N W]E )DRAWN4 ,!N ! /RIKE LEAD]S W]E >RE/$4 

,ON #b#f? ,FEBRU>Y ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS1 NATURALLY 9T]E/$ 9 ALL ?AT WAS GO+ ON 9 ,PETROGRAD1 S5T DELEGATES TO F9D \T AB\T ! /RIKES4 ,! DELEGATION VISIT$ A NUMB] FACTORIES4 ,IT RETURN$ TO ,KRON/ADT ON ! #b#h?4 ,?AT SAME DAY1 ! CREW ( ! BATTLE%IP ',PETROPAVLOVSK1' HAV+ DISCUSS$ ! SITUATION1 VOT$ ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3.<#b#g.> 

0,HAV+ HE>D ! REPORTS ( ! REPRES5TATIVES S5T BY ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! ,FLEET TO F9D \T AB\T ! SITUATION 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ! SAILORS DEM&3 

,IMM$IATE NEW ELECTIONS TO ! ,SOVIETS4 ,! PRES5T ,SOVIETS NO LONG] EXPRESS ! WI%ES ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,! NEW ELECTIONS %\LD BE BY SECRET BALLOT1 & %\LD BE PREC$$ BY FREE ELECTORAL PROPAG&A4 

,FRE$OM ( SPEE* & ( ! PRESS = WORK]S & PEASANTS1 = ! ,AN>*I/S1 & = ! ,LEFT ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES4 

,! RI<T ( ASSEMBLY1 & FRE$OM = TRADE UNION & PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! ORGANIZATION1 AT ! LATE/ ON #a? ,M>* #a#i#b#a1 ( A ,CONF]5CE ( NON,P>TY WORK]S1 SOLD]S1 & SAILORS ( ,PETROGRAD1 ,KRON/ADT & ! ,PETROGRAD ,DI/RICT4 

,! LIB]ATION ( ALL POLITICAL PRISON]S ( ! ,SOCIALI/ P>TIES1 & ( ALL IMPRISON$ WORK]S & PEASANTS1 SOLDI]S1 & SAILORS BELONG+ TO WORK+ CLASS & PEASANT ORGANIZATIONS4 

,! ELECTION ( A COMMISSION TO LOOK 9TO ! DOSSI]S ( ALL ?OSE DETA9$ 9 PRISONS & CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 

,! ABOLITION ( ALL POLITICAL SECTIONS 9 ! >M$ =CES4 ,NO POLITICAL P>TY %\LD HAVE PRIVILEGES = ! PROPAGATION ( ITS IDEAS1 OR RECEIVE ,/ATE SUBSIDIES TO ?IS 5D4 ,9 ! PLACE ( ! POLITICAL SECTIONS V>I\S CULTURAL GR\PS %\LD BE SET UP1 D]IV+ RES\RCES FROM ! ,/ATE 

,! IMM$IATE ABOLITION ( ! MILITIA DETA*M5TS SET UP BETWE5 T[NS & C\NTRYSIDE4 

,! EQUALIZATION ( RATIONS = ALL WORK]S1 EXCEPT ?OSE 5GAG$ 9 DANG]\S OR UNHEAL?Y JOBS4 

,! ABOLITION ( ,P>TY COMBAT DETA*M5TS 9 ALL MILIT>Y GR\PS4 ,! ABOLITION ( ,P>TY GU>DS 9 FACTORIES & 5T]PRISES4 ,IF GU>DS >E REQUIR$1 !Y %\LD BE NOM9AT$1 TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT ! VIEWS ( ! WORK]S4 

,! GRANT+ TO ! PEASANTS ( FRE$OM ( ACTION ON !IR [N SOIL1 & ( ! RI<T TO [N CATTLE1 PROVID$ !Y LOOK AFT] !M !MSELVES & DO NOT EMPLOY HIR$ LABOR4 

,WE REQUE/ ?AT ALL MILIT>Y UNITS & (FIC] TRA9EE GR\PS ASSOCIATE !MSELVES ) ?IS RESOLUTION4 

,WE DEM& ?AT ! ,PRESS GIVE PROP] PUBLICITY TO ?IS RESOLUTION4 

,WE DEM& ! 9/ITUTION ( MOBILE WORK]S' CONTROL GR\PS4 

,WE DEM& ?AT H&ICRAFT PRODUCTION BE AU?ORIZ$ PROVID$ IT DOES NOT UTILIZE WAGE LABOR40 

,ANALYSIS ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,PROGRAM 

,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS & ! ,PETROGRAD /RIK]S KNEW QUITE WELL ?AT ,RUSSIA'S ECONOMIC /ATUS WAS AT ! ROOT ( ! POLITICAL CRISIS4 ,!IR DISCONT5T WAS CAUS$ BO? BY ! FAM9E & BY ! :OLE EVOLUTION ( ! POLITICAL SITUATION4 ,! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S W]E 9CREAS+LY DISILLUSION$ 9 !IR GREATE/ HOPE3 ! ,SOVIETS4 ,DAILY !Y SAW ! P[] ( A S+LE ,P>TY SUB/ITUT+ ITSELF = ?AT ( ! ,SOVIETS4 ,A ,P>TY1 MOREOV]1 :I* WAS DEG5]AT+ RAPIDLY ?R\< ! EX]CISE ( ABSOLUTE P[]1 & :I* WAS ALREADY RIDDL$ ) C>E]I/S4 ,IT WAS AGA9/ ! MONOPOLY EX]CIS$ BY ?IS ,P>TY 9 ALL FIELDS ( LIFE ?AT ! WORK+ CLASS S\<T TO REACT4 

,PO9T ONE ( ! ,KRON/ADT RESOLUTION EXPRESS$ AN IDEA %>$ BY ! BE/ ELEM5TS ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK+ CLASS4 ,TOTALLY 'BOL%EVIZ$' ,SOVIETS NO LONG] REFLECT$ ! WI%ES ( ! WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,H5CE ! DEM& = NEW ELECTIONS1 TO BE C>RI$ \T ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPAL ( FULL EQUALITY = ALL WORK+ CLASS POLITICAL T5D5CIES4 

,SU* A REG5]ATION ( ! ,SOVIETS W\LD IMPLY ! GRANT+ TO ALL WORK+ CLASS T5D5CIES ( ! POSSIBILITY = EXPRESS+ !MSELVES FREELY1 )\T FE> ( CALUMNY OR EXT]M9ATION4 ,H5CE1 QUITE NATURALLY1 !RE FOLL[$ ! IDEA ( FRE$OM ( EXPRESSION1 ( ! ,PRESS1 ( ,ASSEMBLY1 & ( ORGANIZATION1 CONTA9$ 9 ,PO9T TWO4 

,WE MU/ /RESS ?AT BY #aiba ! CLASS /RUGGLE 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE HAD BE5 F\<T TO A VIRTUAL /&/ILL4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( ! KULAKS HAD BE5 DISPOSSESS$4 ,IT IS QUITE WRONG TO CLAIM ?AT ! GRANT+ ( BASIC FRE$OMS TO ! PEASANTS--AS DEM&$ 9 ,PO9T ?REE--W\LD HAVE MEANT RE/OR+ POLITICAL RI<TS TO ! KULAKS4 ,IT WAS ONLY A FEW YE>S LAT] ?AT ! PEASANTS W]E EXHORT$ TO '5RI* !MSELVES'--& ?IS BY ,BUKH>91 !N AN (FICIAL ,P>TY SPOKESMAN4 

,! ,KRON/ADT REVOLUTION HAD ! M]IT ( /AT+ ?+S OP5LY & CLE>LY4 

,BUT IT WAS BREAK+ NO NEW GR\ND4 ,ITS MA9 IDEAS W]E BE+ DISCUSS$ EV]Y:]E4 ,= HAV+1 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 PUT =W>D PRECISELY SU* IDEAS1 WORK]S & PEASANTS W]E ALREADY FILL+ ! PRISONS & ! REC5TLY SET UP CONC5TRATION CAMPS4 ,! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT DID NOT DES]T !IR COMRADES4 ,PO9T SIX ( !IR RESOLUTION %[S ?AT !Y 9T5D$ TO LOOK 9TO ! :OLE JURIDICAL APP>ATUS4 ,!Y ALREADY HAD S]I\S D\BTS AS TO ITS OBJECTIVITY AS AN ORGAN ( !IR RULE4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E !REBY %[+ A SPIRIT ( SOLID>ITY 9 ! BE/ WORK+ CLASS TRADITION4 ,9 ,JULY #a#i#a#g1 ,K]5SKY HAD >RE/$ A DEPUTATION ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET ?AT HAD COME TO ,PETROGRAD4 ,KRON/ADT HAD IMM$IATELY S5T A FUR!R DEPUTATION TO 9SI/ ON !IR RELEASE4 ,9 #a#i#b#a1 ?IS TRADITION WAS BE+ SPONTANE\SLY R5EW$4 

,PO9TS SEV5 & T5 ( ! RESOLUTION ATTACK$ ! POLITICAL MONOPOLY BE+ EX]CIS$ BY ! RUL+ ,P>TY4 ,! ,P>TY WAS US+ ,/ATE FUNDS 9 AN EXCLUSIVE & UNCONTROLL$ MANN] TO EXT5D ITS 9FLU5CE BO? 9 ! ,>MY & 9 ! POLICE4 

,PO9T N9E ( !IR RESOLUTION DEM&$ EQUAL RATIONS = ALL WORK]S ,?IS DE/ROYS ,TROTSKY'S ACCUSATION ( #ai* ACCORD+ TO :I* '! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT WANT$ PRIVILEGES1 :ILE ! C\NTRY WAS HUNGRY4'.<#b#h.> 

,PO9T F\RTE5 CLE>LY RAIS$ ! QUE/ION ( WORK]S CONTROL4 ,BO? BE=E & DUR+ ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION ?IS DEM& HAD PROVOK$ A P[]FUL E*O AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS UND]/OOD QUITE CLE>LY ?AT REAL CONTROL HAD ESCAP$ FROM ! H&S ( ! RANK & FILE4 ,!Y S\<T TO BR+ IT BACK4 ,! ,BOL%EVIK MEAN:ILE S\<T TO VE/ ALL CONTROL 9 ! H&S ( A SPECIAL ,COMMISS>IAT1 ! ,RABKR9--,WORK]S & ,PEASANTS 9SPECTION4.<#b#i.> 

,PO9T ELEV5 REFLECT$ ! DEM&S ( ! PEASANTS TO :OM ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS HAD REMA9$ L9K$--AS HAD1 AS A MATT] ( FACT1 ! :OLE ( ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT4 ,! BASIS ( ?IS L9K IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! SPECIFIC HI/ORY ( ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY4 ,BECAUSE ( FEUDAL BACKW>DNESS1 ,RUSSIAN 9DU/RY DID NOT F9D ITS ROOTS 9 PETTY H&ICRAFT4 ,9 !IR GREAT MAJORITY1 ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S CAME DIRECTLY FROM ! PEASANTRY4 ,?IS MU/ BE /RESS$4 ,! ,BALTIC SAILORS ( #aiba W]E1 IT IS TRUE1 CLOSELY L9K$ ) ! PEASANTRY4 ,BUT NEI!R MORE SO NOR LESS ?AN HAD BE5 ! SAILORS ( #a#i#a#g4 

,9 !IR RESOLUTION1 ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E TAK+ UP ONCE AGA9 ONE ( ! BIG DEM&S ( ,OCTOB]4 ,!Y W]E SUPPORT+ ?OSE PEASANT CLAIMS DEM&+ ! L& & ! RI<T TO [N CATTLE = ?OSE PEASANTS :O DID NOT EXPLOIT ! LABOR ( O!RS4 ,9 #a#i#b#a1 MOREOV]1 !RE WAS ANO!R ASPECT TO ?IS P>TICUL> DEM&4 ,IT WAS AN ATTEMPT TO SOLVE ! FOOD QUE/ION1 :I* WAS BECOM+ DESP]ATE4 ,UND] ! SY/EM ( =C$ REQUISITION1 ! POPULATION ( ! T[NS WAS LIT]ALLY DY+ ( HUNG]4 ,:Y1 9CID5TALLY1 %\LD ! SATISFACTION ( !SE DEM&S BE DEEM$ ,TACTICALLY CORRECT' :5 ADVOCAT$ BY ,L591 9 ,M>* #a#i#b#a1 & 'C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y' :5 PUT =W>D BY ! PEASANTS !MSELVES A FEW WEEKS E>LI]8 

,:AT WAS SO C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y AB\T ! ,KRON/ADT PROGRAM8 ,:AT C\LD JU/IFY ! CRUSADE LAUN*$ BY ! ,P>TY AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT8 ,A WORK]S & PEASANTS' REGIME ?AT DID NOT WI% TO BASE ITSELF EXCLUSIVELY ON LIES & T]ROR1 HAD TO TAKE ACC\NT ( ! PEASANTRY4 ,IT NE$ NOT !REBY HAVE LO/ ITS REVOLUTION>Y *>ACT]4 ,! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT W]E NOT ALONE1 MOREOV]1 9 PUTT+ =W>D SU* DEM&S 9 #a#i#b#a1 ,MAKHNO'S FOLL[]S W]E /ILL ACTIVE 9 ! ,UKRA9E4 ,?IS REVOLUTION>Y PEASANT MOVEM5T WAS EVOLV+ ITS [N IDEAS & ME?ODS ( /RUGGLE4 ,! ,UKRA9IAN PEASANTRY HAD PLAY$ A PR$OM9ANT ROLE 9 *AS+ \T ! FEUDAL HORDES4 ,IT HAD E>N$ ! RI<T ITSELF TO DET]M9E ! =MS ( ITS SOCIAL LIFE4 

,DESPITE ,TROTSKY'S CATEGORICAL & UNSUB/ANTIAT$ ASS]TIONS1 ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T WAS 9 NO S5SE :ATSOEV] A KULAK MOVEM5T4 ,K\BAN91 ! (FICIAL ,BOL%EVIK HI/ORIAN ( ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T1 %[S /ATI/ICALLY1 9 A BOOK $IT$ BY ! ,P>TY'S ,HI/ORICAL 9/ITUTE1 ?AT ! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T AT FIR/ APPE>$ & DEVELOP$ MO/ RAPIDLY1 9 PRECISELY ?OSE >EAS :]E ! PEASANTS W]E POORE/4 ,! ,MAKHNO MOVEM5T WAS CRU%$ BE=E IT HAD A *ANCE ( %[+ 9 PRACTICE ITS FULL CREATIVE ABILITIES4 ,! FACT ?AT DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> IT HAD BE5 CAPABLE ( CREAT+ ITS [N SPECIFIC =MS ( /RUGGLE1 LEADS ONE TO GUESS ?AT IT C\LD HAVE BE5 CAPABLE ( A LOT MORE4 

,AS A MATT] ( FACT1 9 RELATION TO AGR>IAN POLICY1 NO?+ WAS TO PROVE MORE DISA/R\S ?AN ! ZIG ZAGS ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,9 #a#i#c#a1 T5 YE>S AFT] ,KRON/ADT1 ,/AL9 WAS TO DECREE HIS FAM\S 'LIQUIDATION ( ! KULAKS4' ,?IS RESULT$ 9 AN ATROCI\S FAM9E & 9 ! LOSS ( MILLIONS ( HUMAN LIVES4 

,LET US F9ALLY CONSID] ,PO9T FIFTE5 ( ! ,KRON/ADT RESOLUTION1 DEM&+ FRE$OM = H&ICRAFT PRODUCTION4 ,?IS WAS NOT A QUE/ION ( PR9CIPLE4 ,= ! WORK]S ( ,KRON/ADT1 H&ICRAFT PRODUCTION WAS TO COMP5SATE = AN 9DU/RIAL PRODUCTION ?AT HAD FALL5 TO NAU<T4 ,?R\< ?IS DEM& !Y W]E SEEK+ A WAY \T ( !IR 9TOL]ABLE ECONOMIC PLI<T4 

#c4 ,MASS MEET+S & ,BOL%EVIK SL&]S 

,MASS ,MEET+S 

,! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET WAS DUE TO BE R5EW$ ON #bND ,M>*4 

,A MEET+ ( ! ,FIR/ & ,SECOND ,BATTLE%IP ,SECTIONS HAD BE5 PLANN$ = #a/ ,M>*4 ,! NOTIFICATION HAD BE5 PUBLI%$ 9 ! (FICIAL J\RNAL ( ! CITY ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,! SPEAK]S W]E TO 9CLUDE ,KAL991 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,ALL ,RUSSIAN ,EXECUTIVE ( ,SOVIETS1 & ,K\ZM91 POLITICAL COMMISS> TO ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET4 ,:5 ,KAL99 >RIV$1 HE WAS RECEIV$ ) MUSIC & FLAGS4 ,ALL MILIT>Y HONORS W]E ACCORD$ HIM4 

,SIXTE5 ?\S& PEOPLE ATT5D$ ! MEET+4 ,P>TY MEMB] ,VASSILIEV1 PRESID5T ( ! LOCAL SOVIET1 TOOK ! *AIR4 ,! DELEGATES :O HAD VISIT$ ,PETROGRAD ! PREVI\S DAY GAVE !IR REPORTS4 ,! RESOLUTION ADOPT$ ON #b#h? ,FEBRU>Y BY ! CREW ( ! BATTLE%IP ',PETROPAVLOVSK' WAS DI/RIBUT$4 ,KAL99 & ,K\ZM9 OPPOS$ ! RESOLUTION4 ,!Y PROCLAIM$ ?AT ',KRON/ADT DID NOT REPRES5T ! :OLE ( ,RUSSIA4' 

,NEV]!LESS1 ! MASS ASSEMBLY ADOPT$ ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION4 ,9 FACT ONLY TWO PEOPLE VOT$ AGA9/ IT3 ,KAL99 & ,K\ZM96 

,! MASS ASSEMBLY DECID$ TO S5D A DELEGATION ( #c WORK]S TO ,PETROGRAD TO /UDY ! SITUATION ON ! SPOT4 ,IT WAS ALSO DECID$ TO 9VITE DELEGATES FROM ,PETROGRAD TO VISIT ,KRON/ADT1 SO ?AT !Y W\LD GET TO KN[ :AT ! SAILORS W]E REALLY ?9K+4 ,A FUR!R MASS MEET+ WAS PLANN$ = ! FOLL[+ DAY1 GR\P+ DELEGATES FROM %IPS' CREWS1 FROM ! ,R$ ,>MY GR\PS1 FROM ,/ATE 9/ITUTIONS1 FROM ! DOCKY>DS & FACTORIES1 & FROM ! TRADE UNIONS1 TO DECIDE ON ! PROC$URE ( NEW ELECTIONS TO ! LOCAL SOVIET4 ,AT ! 5D ( ! MEET+1 ,KAL99 WAS ALL[$ TO REGA9 ,PETROGRAD 9 ALL SAFETY4 

,! FOLL[+ DAY1 #bND ,M>*1 ! DELEGATES' MEET+ TOOK PLACE 9 ! ,H\SE ( ,CULTURE4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! (FICIAL ,KRON/ADT ,TZVE/IA1' ! APPO9TM5T ( DELEGATES HAD TAK5 PLACE PROP]LY4 ,! DELEGATES ALL 9SI/$ ?AT ! ELECTIONS BE C>RI$ \T 9 A LOYAL & CORRECT MANN]4 ,K\ZM9 & ,VASSILIEV SPOKE FIR/4 ,K\ZM9 /AT$ ?AT ! ,P>TY W\LD NOT REL9QUI% P[] )\T A FI<T4 ,!IR SPEE*ES W]E SO AGGRESSIVE & PROVOCATIVE ?AT ! ASSEMBLY ORD]$ !M TO LEAVE ! MEET+ & PUT !M UND] >RE/4 ,O!R ,P>TY MEMB]S W]E1 H[EV]1 ALL[$ TO SPEAK AT L5G? DUR+ ! DEBATE4 

,! MEET+ ( DELEGATES 5DORS$ BY AN OV]:ELM+ MAJORITY ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION4 ,IT !N GOT D[N TO EXAM9+ 9 DETAIL ! QUE/ION ( ELECTIONS TO ! NEW SOVIET4 ,!SE ELECTIONS W]E TO 'PREP>E ! PEACEFUL RECON/RUCTION ( ! ,SOVIET REGIME4' ,! WORK WAS CON/ANTLY 9T]RUPT$ BY MM\RS1 SPREAD+ ?R\< ! ASSEMBLY1 TO ! EFFECT ?AT ! ,P>TY WAS PREP>+ TO DISP]SE ! MEET+ BY =CE4 ,! SITUATION WAS EXTREMELY T5SE4 

,! ,PROVISIONAL ,COMMITTEE 

,BECAUSE ( ! ?REAT5+ SPEE*ES ( ! REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,/ATE P[] --,K\ZM9 & ,VASSILIEV--& FE>+ RETALIATION1 ! ASSEMBLY DECID$ TO =M A ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 TO :I* IT 5TRU/$ ! ADM9I/RATION ( ! T[N & ! =TRESS4 ,! ,COMMITTEE HELD ITS FIR/ SESSION ABO>D ! ',PETROPAVLOVSK1' ! ,BATTLE %IP 9 :I* ,K\ZM9 & ,VASSILIEV W]E BE+ DETA9$4 

,! LEAD+ BODY ( ! ASSEMBLY ( DELEGATES ALL BECAME MEMB]S ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,!Y W]E3 

,PETRIT*5KO1 *IEF QU>T]MA/] ( ! BATTLE%IP ',PETROPAVLOVSK1' 

,YAKOV5KO1 LIAISON TELEPHONI/ TO ! ,KRON/ADT SECTION1 

,OSSOSSOV1 BOIL] MAN 9 ! BATTLE%IP ',SEBA/OPOL1' 

,>KHIPOV1 *IEF 5G9E]1 

,P]EPELK91 ELECTRICIAN 9 ! BATTLE%IP ',SEBA/OPOL1' 

,PATR\*EV1 *IEF ELECTRICIAN 9 ! ',PETROPAVLOVSK1' 

,K\POLOV1 HEAD MALE NURSE1 

,V]*991 SAILOR 9 ! ',SEBA/OPOL1' 

,T\K91 WORK] 9 ! ',ELECTROTE*NICAL' FACTORY1 

,ROMAN5KO1 DOCKS MA9T5ANCE WORK]1 

,ORE*91 HEADMA/] ( ! ,?IRD LABOR ,S*OOL1 

,VALK1 SAWMILL WORK]1 

,PAVLOV1 WORK] 9 A M>9E M9+ %OP1 

,BOIKEV1 HEAD ( ! BUILD+ SECTION ( ! ,KRON/ADT =TRESS1 

,KILGA/1 H>BOR PILOT4 

,! MAJORITY ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE W]E SAILORS ) A LONG S]VICE4 ,?IS CONTRADICTS ! (FICIAL V]SION ( ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS1 :I* SEEKS TO ATTRIBUTE ! LEAD]%IP ( ! REVOLT TO ELEM5TS REC5TLY JO9+ ! ,NAVY & HAV+ NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! H]OIC SAILORS ( #a#i#a#g-#a#i#a#i4 

,! FIR/ PROCLAMATION ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE /AT$3 

',WE >E CONC]N$ TO AVOID BLOOD%$4 ,\R AIM IS TO CREATE ?R\< ! JO9T EF=TS ( T[N & =TRESS ! PROP] CONDITIONS = REGUL> & HONE/ ELECTIONS TO ! NEW SOVIET4' 

,LAT] ?AT DAY1 UND] ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 ! 9HABITANTS ( ,KRON/ADT OCCUPI$ ALL /RATEGIC PO9TS 9 ! T[N1 TAK+ OV] ! ,/ATE E/ABLI%M5TS1 ! ,/AFF ,HEADQU>T]S1 & ! TELEPHONE & WIRELESS BUILD+S4 ,COMMITTEES W]E ELECT$ 9 ALL BATTLE%IPS & REGIM5TS4 ,AT AB\T #i3 P4M41 MO/ ( ! =TS & MO/ DETA*M5TS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY HAD RALLI$4 ,DELEGATES COM+ FROM ,ORANI5BAUM HAD ALSO DECL>$ !IR SUPPORT = ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,?AT SAME DAY ! ',IZVE/IA #e PR9T%OPS W]E OCCUPI$4 

,ON ! MORR[1 #cRD ,M>*1 ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT PUBLI%$ ! FIR/ ISSUE ( ! ,IZVE/IA ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4.<#b#a.> ,9 IT ONE READ3 ',! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY1 MA/] ( ! ,/ATE1 HAS DETA*$ ITSELF FROM ! MASSES4 ,IT HAS %[N ITSELF 9CAPABLE ( GETT+ ! C\NTRY \T ( ITS MESS4 ,C\NTLESS 9CID5TS HAVE REC5TLY OCCURR$ 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[ :I* %[ CLE>LY ?AT ! ,P>TY HAS LO/ ! CONFID5CE ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,! ,P>TY IS IGNOR+ WORK+ CLASS DEM&S BECAUSE IT BELIEVES ?AT !SE DEM&S >E ! RESULT ( C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY4 ,9 ?IS ! ,P>TY IS MAK+ A PR(\ND MI/AKE4' 

,BOL%EVIK ,SL&]S 

,MEAN:ILE1 ,MOSC[ ,RADIO WAS BROADCA/+ AS FOLL[S3 

',/RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,:ITE ,GU>D ,PLOT4 #e ,&1 ',JU/ LIKE O!R ,:ITE ,GU>D 9SURRECTIONS1 ! MUT9Y ( EX ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY & ! CREW ( ! BATTLE %IP 0,PETROPAVLOVSK #ee HAS BE5 ORGANIZ$ BY ,5T5TE SPIES4 ,?IS IS CLE> FROM ! FACT ?AT ! ,FR5* PAP] ,LE ,MONDE PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ MESSAGE FROM ,HELS+=S TWO WEEKS BE=E ! REVOLT ( ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY3 0,WE >E 9=M$ FROM ,PETROGRAD ?AT AS ! RESULT ( ! REC5T ,KRON/ADT REVOLT1 ! ,BOL%EVIK MILIT>Y AU?ORITIES HAVE TAK5 A :OLE S]IES ( MEASURES TO ISOLATE ! T[N & TO PREV5T ! SOLDI]S & SAILORS ( ,KRON/ADT FROM 5T]+ ,PETROGRAD4'0 

',IT IS !RE=E CLE> ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT IS BE+ L$ FROM ,P>IS4 ,! ,FR5* C\NT] ESPIONAGE IS MIX$ UP 9 ! :OLE AFFAIR4 ,HI/ORY IS REPEAT+ ITSELF4 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES1 :O HAVE !IR HEADQU>T]S 9 ,P>IS1 >E PREP>+ ! GR\ND = AN 9SURRECTION AGA9/ ! ,SOVIET P[]4 ,! GR\ND PREP>$1 !IR REAL MA/]1 ! ,CZ>I/ G5]AL APPE>$4 ,! HI/ORY ( ,KOLT*AK1 9/ALL+ HIS P[] 9 ! WAKE ( ?AT ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES1 IS BE+ REPEAT$4' 7,RADIO ,/ANZIA ,MOSKVA & ,RADIO ,VE/NIK ,RO/A ,MOSKVA1 #cRD4 ,M>* #a#i#b#a47 

,! TWO ANTAGONI/S SAW ! FACTS DIFF]5TLY4 ,!IR \TLOOKS W]E POLES AP>T4 

,! CALL ISSU$ BY ,MOSC['S ,RADIO WAS OBVI\SLY COM+ FROM ! ,POLITBUREAU'S TOP LEAD]S4 ,IT HAD ,L59'S APPROVAL1 :O MU/ HAVE BE5 FULLY AW>E ( :AT WAS HAPP5+ AT ,KRON/ADT4 ,EV5 ASSUM+ ?AT HE HAD TO RELY ON ,Z9OVIEV = 9=MATION1 :OM HE KNEW TO BE C[>DLY & LIABLE TO PANIC1 IT IS DIFFICULT TO BELIEVE ?AT ,L59 MISUND]/OOD ! REAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS4 ,ON #bND ,M>*1 ,KRON/ADT HAD S5T AN (FICIAL DELEGATION TO SEE HIM4 ,IT W\LD HAVE BE5 5\< TO CROSS QUE/ION IT 9 ORD] TO ASC]TA9 ! TRUE SITUATION4 

,L591 ,TROTSKY1 & ! :OLE ,P>TY LEAD]%IP KNEW QUITE WELL ?AT ?IS WAS NO M]E 'G5]ALS' REVOLT4' ,:Y !N 9V5T ?IS LEG5D AB\T ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY1 LEAD] ( ! MUT9Y8 ,! ANSW] LIES 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK \TLOOK1 AN \TLOOK AT TIMES SO BL9D ?AT IT C\LD NOT SEE ?AT LIES W]E AS LIKELY TO PROVE NEF>I\S AS TO PROVE HELPFUL4 ,! LEG5D ( ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY OP5$ ! PA? TO ANO!R LEG5D3 ?AT ( ! ,WRANGEL (FIC] ALLEG$LY CONSPIR+ ) ,TROTSKY 9 #a#i#b#h-#b#i4 ,IT 9 FACT OP5$ ! PA? TO ! MASSIVE LY+ ( ! :OLE ,/AL9 ]A4 

,ANYWAY1 :O WAS ?IS ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY1 D5\NC$ BY ! (FICIAL RADIO AS ! LEAD] ( ! 9SURRECTION8 ,HE WAS AN >TILL]Y G5]AL1 & HAD BE5 ONE ( ! FIR/ TO DEFECT TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,HE SEEM$ DEVOID ( ANY CAPACITY AS A LEAD]4 ,AT ! TIME ( ! 9SURRECTION HE HAPP5$ TO BE 9 COMM& ( ! >TILL]Y AT ,KRON/ADT4 ,! COMMUNI/ COMM&] ( ! =TRESS HAD DEFECT$4 ,KOZLOVSKY1 ACCORD+ TO ! RULES PREVAIL+ 9 ! =TRESS1 HAD TO REPLACE HIM4 ,HE1 9 FACT1 REFUS$1 CLAIM+ ?AT AS ! =TRESS WAS N[ UND] ! JURISDICTION ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 ! OLD RULES NO LONG] APPLI$4 

,KOZLOVSKY REMA9$1 IT IS TRUE1 9 ,KRON/ADT1 BUT ONLY AS AN >TILL]Y SPECIALI/4 ,MOREOV]1 AFT] ! FALL ( ,KRON/ADT1 9 C]TA9 9T]VIEWS GRANT$ TO ! ,F9NI% PRESS1 ,KOZLOVSKY ACCUS$ ! SAILORS ( HAV+ WA/$ PRECI\S TIME ON ISSUES O!R ?AN ! DEF5SE ( ! =TRESS4 ,HE EXPLA9$ ?IS 9 T]MS ( !IR RELUCTANCE TO RESORT TO BLOOD%$4 ,LAT]1 O!R (FIC]S ( ! G>RISON W]E ALSO TO ACCUSE ! SAILORS ( MILIT>Y 9COMPET5CE1 & ( COMPLETE LACK ( CONFID5CE 9 !IR TE*NICAL ADVIS]S4 ,KOZLOVSKY WAS ! ONLY G5]AL TO HAVE BE5 PRES5T AT ,KRON/ADT4 ,?IS WAS 5\< = ! ,GOV]NM5T TO MAKE USE ( HIS NAME4 

,! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT DID1 UP TO A PO9T1 MAKE USE ( ! MILIT>Y KN[-H[ ( C]TA9 (FIC]S 9 ! =TRESS AT ! TIME4 ,SOME ( !SE (FIC]S MAY HAVE GIV5 ! M5 ADVICE \T ( %E] HO/ILITY TO ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,BUT 9 !IR ATTACK ON ,KRON/ADT1 ! ,GOV]NM5T =CES W]E ALSO MAK+ USE ( EX ,CZ>I/ (FIC]S4 ,ON ! ONE SIDE !RE W]E ,KOZLOVSKY1 ,SALOMIANOV1 & ,>KANNIHOV2 ,ON ! O!R1 EX ,CZ>I/ (FIC]S & SPECIALI/S ( ! OLD REGIME1 SU* AS ,T\KHAT*EVSKY4 ,KAM5EV1 & ,AVROV4 ,ON NEI!R SIDE W]E !SE (FIC]S AN 9DEP5D5T =CE4 

#d4 ,EFFECTS ON ! ,P>TY ,RANK & ,FILE 

,ON #bND ,M>*1 ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS1 AW>E ( !IR RI<TS1 !IR DUTIES & ! MORAL AU?ORITY VE/$ 9 !M BY !IR REVOLUTION>Y PA/1 ATTEMPT$ TO SET ! SOVIETS ON A BETT] PA?4 ,!Y SAW H[ DI/ORT$ !Y HAD BECOME ?R\< ! DICTATOR%IP ( A S+LE P>TY4 

,ON #g? ,M>*1 ! ,C5TRAL ,GOV]NM5T LAUN*$ ITS MILIT>Y ONSLAU<T AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 

,:AT HAD HAPP5$ BETWE5 !SE TWO DATES8 

,9 ,KRON/ADT1 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 5L>G$ DUR+ A MASS MEET+ BY ! CO-OPTION ( FIVE NEW MEMB]S1 HAD />T$ TO REORGANIZE SOCIAL LIFE 9 BO? T[N & =TRESS4 ,IT DECID$ TO >M ! WORK]S ( ,KRON/ADT TO 5SURE ! 9T]NAL PROTECTION ( ! T[N4 ,IT DECRE$ ! COMPULSORY REELECTION1 )9 ?REE DAYS1 ( ! LEAD+ TRADE UNION COMMITTEES & ( ! ,CONGRESS ( ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 9 :I* BODIES IT WI%$ TO VE/ CONSID]ABLE P[]S4 

,RANK & FILE MEMB]S ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY W]E %[+ !IR CONFID5CE 9 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE BY A MASS DES]TION FROM ! ,P>TY4 ,A NUMB] ( !M =M$ A ,PROVISIONAL ,P>TY ,BUREAU :I* ISSU$ ! FOLL[+ APPEAL3 

',GIVE NO CR$5CE TO ! ABSURD RUMORS SPREAD BY PROVOCATEURS SEEK+ BLOOD%$ ACCORD+ TO :I* RESPONSIBLE ,P>TY COMRADES >E BE+ %OT OR TO RUMORS ALLEG+ ?AT ! ,P>TY IS PREP>+ AN ATTACK AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 ,?IS IS AN ABSURD LIE1 SPREAD BY AG5TS ( ! ,5T5TE1 SEEK+ TO OV]?R[ ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS4 

,! ,PROVISIONAL ,P>TY ,BUREAU CONSID]S REELECTIONS TO ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET TO BE 9DISP5SABLE4 ,IT CALLS ON ALL ITS SUPPORT]S TO TAKE P>T 9 !SE ELECTIONS4 

,! ,PROVISIONAL ,P>TY ,BUREAU CALLS ON ALL ITS SUPPORT]S TO REMA9 AT !IR PO/S & TO CREATE NO OB/ACLES TO ! MEASURES TAK5 BY ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,LONG LIVE ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS6 ,LONG LIVE 9T]NATIONAL WORK+ CLASS UNITY6 

,SIGN$ 7ON BEHALF ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,P>TY ,BUREAU ( ,KRON/ADT73 ,IL9E 7EX COMMISS> = SUPPLIES71 ,P]V\*9 7EX ,PRESID5T ( ! LOCAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE71 ,KABANOV 7EX ,PRESID5T ( ! ,REGIONAL ,TRADE ,UNION ,BUREAU74' 

,! ,/AL9I/ HI/ORIAN ,P\KHOV REF]R+ TO ?IS APPEAL1 DECL>$ ?AT 'IT CAN ONLY BE CONSID]$ A TREASONABLE ACT & AN OPPORTUNI/ /EP T[>DS AN AGREEM5T ) ! LEAD]S ( ! 9SURRECTION1 :O >E OBVI\SLY PLAY+ A C\NT] REVOLUTION>Y ROLE04'.<#b#a#a.> ,P\KHOV ADMITS ?AT ?IS DOCUM5T HAD 'A C]TA9 EFFECT' ON ! RANK & FILE ( ! ,P>TY4 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM1 #< ,P>TY MEMB]S 9 ,KRON/ADT LEFT ! ,P>TY AT ?IS TIME6 

,SOME ( ?OSE RESIGN+ FROM ! ,P>TY S5T LETT]S TO ! ,KRON/ADT ',IZVE/IA1' GIV+ REASONS = !IR ACTION4 ,! TEA*] ,D5ISSOV WROTE3 

',I OP5LY DECL>E TO ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ?AT AS FROM GUNFIRE DIRECT$ AT ,KRON/ADT1 ,I NO LONG] CONSID] MYSELF A MEMB] ( ! ,P>TY4 ,I SUPPORT ! CALL ISSU$ BY ! WORK]S ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS1 NOT TO ! ,P>TY6' 

,A MILIT>Y GR\P ASSIGN$ TO ! SPECIAL COMPANY DEAL+ ) DISCIPL9E ALSO ISSU$ A DECL>ATION3 

',WE1 ! UND]SIGN$1 JO9$ ! ,P>TY BELIEV+ IT TO EXPRESS ! WI%ES ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,9 FACT ! ,P>TY HAS PROV$ ITSELF AN EXECUTION] ( WORK]S & PEASANTS4 ,?IS IS REVEAL$ QUITE CLE>LY BY REC5T EV5TS 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,!SE EV5TS %[ UP ! FACE ( ! ,P>TY LEAD]S4 ,! REC5T BROADCA/S FROM ,MOSC[ %[ CLE>LY ?AT ! ,P>TY LEAD]S >E PREP>$ TO RESORT TO ANY MEANS 9 ORD] TO RETA9 P[]4 

,WE ASK ?AT H5CE=?1 WE NO LONG] BE CONSID]$ ,P>TY MEMB]S4 ,WE RALLY TO ! CALL ISSU$ BY ! ,KRON/ADT G>RISON 9 ITS RESOLUTION ( #bND4 ,M>*4 ,WE 9VITE O!R COMRADES :O HAVE BECOME AW>E ( ! ]ROR ( !IR WAYS1 PUBLICLY TO RECOGNIZE ! FACT4 

,SIGN$3 

,GUTMAN1 ,YEFIMOV1 ,K\DRIATZEV1 ,&REEV4 7',IZVE/IA' ( ! ,PROVISIONAL 

,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 #g?4 ,M>* #a#i#b#a7#g 

,! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]S 9 ! ',RIF' =T PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ RESOLUTION3 

',DUR+ ! LA/ ?REE YE>S1 MANY GRE$Y C>E]I/S HAVE FLOCK$ TO \R ,P>TY4 ,?IS HAS GIV5 RISE TO BUREAUCRACY & HAS GRAVELY HAMP]$ ! /RUGGLE = ECONOMIC RECON/RUCTION4 

,\R ,P>TY HAS ALWAYS FAC$ UP TO ! PROBLEM ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! 5EMIES ( ! PROLET>IAT & ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,WE PUBLICLY DECL>E ?AT WE 9T5D TO CONT9UE 9 ! FUTURE \R DEF5SE ( ! RI<TS SECUR$ BY ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,WE WILL ALL[ NO ,:ITE ,GU>D TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( ?IS DIFFICULT SITUATION CONFRONT+ ! ,REPUBLIC ( ,SOVIETS4 ,AT ! FIR/ ATTEMPT DIRECT$ AGA9/ ITS P[] WE WILL KN[ H[ TO RETALIATE4 

,WE FULLY ACCEPT ! AU?ORITY ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 :I* IS SETT+ ITSELF ! OBJECTIVE ( CREAT+ SOVIETS G5U9ELY REPRES5T+ ! PROLET>IAN & WORK+ MASSES4 

,LONG LIVE ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS1 ! REAL DEF5D]S ( WORK+ CLASS RI<TS4 

,SIGN$3 ! ,*AIRMAN & ,SECRET>Y ( ! MEET+ ( ,COMMUNI/S 9 ,=T ,RIF' 7',IZVE/IA' ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 #g?4 ,M>* #a#i#b#a4 

,W]E SU* DECL>ATIONS =CIBLY EXTRACT$ FROM ,P>TY MEMB]S BY ! REGIME ( T]ROR DIRECT$ AGA9/ ,P>TY MEMB]S ALLEG$LY REIGN+ 9 ,KRON/ADT AT ! TIME8 ,NOT A %R$ ( EVID5CE HAS BE5 PRODUC$ TO ?IS EFFECT4 ,?R\<\T ! :OLE 9SURRECTION NOT A S+LE IMPRISON$ ,COMMUNI/ WAS %OT4 ,& ?IS DESPITE ! FACT ?AT AMONG ! PRISON]S W]E M5 RESPONSIBLE = ! FLEET SU* AS ,K\ZM9 & ,BATYS4 ,! VA/ MAJORITY ( ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY MEMB]S W]E 9 FACT LEFT 5TIRELY FREE4 

,9 ! ',IZVE/IA' ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE = #g? ,M>*1 ONE CAN READ UND] ! HEAD+ ',WE >E NOT SEEK+ REV5GE1' ! FOLL[+ NOTE3 

',! PROLONG$ OPPRESSION TO :I* ! ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP HAS SUBMITT$ ! WORK]S HAS PROVOK$ A NATURAL 9DIGNATION AMONG ! MASSES4 ,?IS HAS L$1 9 C]TA9 PLACES1 TO BOYCOTTS & SACK+S DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! RELATIVES ( ,P>TY MEMB]S4 ,?IS MU/ NOT TAKE PLACE4 ,WE >E NOT SEEK+ REV5GE4 ,WE >E ONLY DEF5D+ \R 9T]E/S AS WORK]S4 ,WE MU/ ACT CAUTI\SLY4 ,WE MU/ ONLY TAKE ACTION AGA9/ ?OSE :O SABOTAGE OR ?OSE :O ?R\< LY+ PROPAG&A SEEK TO PREV5T A REASS]TION ( WORK+ CLASS P[] & RI<TS4' 

,9 ,PETROGRAD1 H[EV]1 HUMANI/ IDEAS ( RA!R A DIFF]5T K9D W]E PREVAIL+4 ,AS SOON AS ! >RE/S ( ,K\ZM9 & ,VASSILIEV W]E LE>N$1 ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ORD]$ ! >RE/S ( ! FAMILIES ( ALL ,KRON/ADT SAILORS KN[N TO BE LIV+ 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,A ,GOV]NM5T PLANE %[]$ ,KRON/ADT ) LEAFLETS SAY+3 

,! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ANN\NCES ?AT IT HAS >RE/$ & IMPRISON$ ! FAMILIES ( ! SAILORS AS HO/AGES = ! SAFETY ( COMMUNI/ COMRADES >RE/$ BY ! ,KRON/ADT MUT9E]S4 ,WE REF] SPECIFICALLY TO ! SAFETY ( ,FLEET ,COMMISS> ,K\ZM91 & ,VASSILIEV1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET4 ,IF A HAIR ( !IR HEADS IS T\*$1 ! HO/AGES WILL PAY ) !IR LIVES4' 7,TZVE/IA' ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 #e?4 ,M>* #a#i#b#a74 

,! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE REPLI$ ) ! FOLL[+ RADIO MESSAGE3 

',9 ! NAME ( ! ,KRON/ADT G>RISON1 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ,KRON/ADT 9SI/S ON ! LIB]ATION1 )9 #bd H\RS1 ( ! FAMILIES ( ! WORK]S1 SAILORS & R$ SOLDI]S >RE/$ AS HO/AGES BY ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET4 

,! ,KRON/ADT G>RISON ASSURES Y\ ?AT 9 ! CITY ( ,KRON/ADT1 ,P>TY MEMB]S >E 5TIRELY FREE & ?AT !IR FAMILIES 5JOY ABSOLUTE IMMUNITY4 ,WE REFUSE TO FOLL[ ! EXAMPLE ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET4 ,WE CONSID] SU* ME?ODS1 EV5 :5 CONDUCT$ BY F]OCI\S HATR$1 AS UTT]LY %AMEFUL & DEGRAD+4 

,SIGN$3 ,PETRIT*5KO1 SAILOR1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y 

,COMMITTEE2 ,KILGA/1 ,SECRET>Y4' 

,TO REFUTE RUMORS ACCORD+ TO :I* ,P>TY MEMB]S W]E BE+ ILL-TREAT$1 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE SET UP A SPECIAL ,COMMISSION TO 9VE/IGATE ! CASES ( ! IMPRISON$ COMMUNI/S4 ,9 ITS ISSUE ( #d? ,M>*1 ! ,TZVE/IA' ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ANN\NC$ ?AT A ,P>TY MEMB] W\LD BE ATTA*$ TO ! ,COMMISSION4 ,IT IS D\BTFUL IF ?IS BODY EV] GOT TO WORK1 AS TWO DAYS LAT] ! BOMB>DM5T ( ,KRON/ADT BEGAN4 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE DID1 H[EV]1 RECEIVE A ,P>TY DELEGATION4 

,IT GRANT$ IT P]MISSION TO VISIT ! PRISON]S 9 ! ',PETROPAVLOVSK4' ,! PRISON]S HAD EV5 BE5 ALL[$ TO HOLD MEET+S AMONG !MSELVES1 & TO $IT A WALL NEWSPAP] 7,ZAIKOVSKI3 ',KRON/ADT FROM #aiag TO #a#i#b#a'74 

,!RE WAS NO T]ROR 9 ,KRON/ADT4 ,UND] V]Y DIFFICULT & TRAGIC CIRCUM/ANCES1 ! 'REBELS HAD DONE !IR UTMO/ TO APPLY ! BASIC PR9CIPLES ( WORK+ CLASS DEMOCRACY4 ,IF MANY RANK & FILE COMMUNI/S DECID$ TO SUPPORT ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 IT WAS BECAUSE ?IS BODY EXPRESS$ ! WI%ES & ASPIRATIONS ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,9 RETROSPECT1 ?IS DEMOCRATIC SELF ASS]TION ( ,KRON/ADT MAY APPE> SURPRIS+4 ,IT C]TA9LY CONTRA/$ ) ! ACTIONS & FRAME ( M9D PREVAIL+ AMONG ! ,P>TY LEAD]S 9 ,PETROGRAD & ,MOSC[4 ,!Y REMA9$ BL9D1 DEAF & TOTALLY LACK+ 9 UND]/&+ ( :AT ,KRON/ADT & ! WORK+ MASSES ( ! :OLE ( ,RUSSIA REALLY WANT$4 

,CATA/ROPHE C\LD /ILL HAVE BE5 AV]T$ DUR+ ?OSE TRAGIC DAYS3 ,:Y !N DID ! ,PETROGRAD ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE USE SU* ABUSIVE LANGUAGE8 ,! ONLY CONCLUSION AN OBJECTIVE OBS]V] CAN COME TO IS ?AT IT WAS DONE ) ! DELIB]ATE 9T5TION ( PROVOK+ BLOOD%$1 !REBY 'TEA*+ EV]YONE A LESSON' AS TO ! NE$ = ABSOLUTE SUBMISSION TO ! C5TRAL P[]4 

#e4 ,?REATS1 ,BRIBES & ,SKIRMI%ES 

,?REATS & ,BRIBES 

,ON #e? ,M>*1 ! ,PETROGRAD ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ISSU$ A CALL TO ! REBELS4 

',Y\ >E BE+ TOLD FAIRY TALES :5 !Y TELL Y\ ?AT ,PETROGRAD IS ) Y\ OR ?AT ! ,UKRA9E SUPPORTS Y\4 ,!SE >E IMP]T95T LIES4 ,! LA/ SAILOR 9 ,PETROGRAD AB&ON$ Y\ :5 HE LE>N$ ?AT Y\ W]E L$ BY G5]ALS LIKE ,KOZLOVSKV4 ,SIB]IA & ! ,UKRA9E SUPPORT ! ,SOVIET P[]4 ,R$ ,PETROGRAD LAU<S AT ! MIS]ABLE EF=TS ( A H&FUL ( ,:ITE ,GU>DS & ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,Y\ >E SURR\ND$ ON ALL SIDES4 ,A FEW H\RS MORE WILL LAPSE & !N Y\ WILL HE COMPELL$ TO SURR5D]4 ,KRON/ADT HAS NEI!R BREAD NOR FUEL4 ,IF Y\ 9SI/1 WE WILL %OOT Y\ LIKE P>TRIDGES4 

,AT ! LA/ M9UTE1 ALL ?OSE G5]ALS1 ! ,KOZLOVSKVS1 ! ,B\RKS]S1 & ALL ?AT RIFF RAFF1 ! ,PETRI*5KOS1 & ! ,T\R9S WILL FLEE TO ,F9L&1 TO ! ,:ITE GU>DS4 ,& Y\1 RANK & FILE SOLDI]S & SAILORS1 :]E WILL Y\ GO !N8 ,DON'T BELIEVE !M :5 !Y PROMISE TO FE$ Y\ 9 ,F9L&4 ,HAV5'T Y\ HE>D :AT HAPP5$ TO ,WRANGEL'S SUPPORT]S8 ,!Y W]E TRANSPORT$ TO ,CON/ANT9OPLE4 ,!RE !Y >E DY+ LIKE FLIES1 9 !IR ?\S&S1 ( HUNG] & DISEASE4 ,?IS IS ! FATE ?AT AWAITS Y\1 UNLESS Y\ IMM$IATELY TAKE A GRIP ( Y\RSELVES4 ,SURR5D] ,IMM$IATELY6 ,DON'T WA/E A M9UTE4 ,COLLECT Y\R WEAPONS & COME OV] TO US4 ,DIS>M & >RE/ Y\R CRIM9AL LEAD]S1 & 9 P>TICUL> ! ,CZ>I/ G5]ALS4 ,:OEV] SURR5D]S IMM$IATELY WILL BE =GIV54 

,SURR5D] N[4 

,SIGN$3 ,! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE4' 

,9 REPLY TO !SE ?REATS FROM ,PETROGRAD1 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ,ISSU$ A F9AL APPEAL4 

,T,O ,A,L,L1 ,T,O ,A,L,L1 ,T,O ,A,L,L4 

,COMRADES1 WORK]S1 R$ SOLDI]S & SAILORS4 ,H]E 9 ,KRON/ADT WE KN[ FULL WELL H[ MU* Y\ & Y\R WIVES & Y\R *ILDR5 >E SUFF]+ UND] ! IRON RULE ( ! ,P>TY4 ,WE HAVE OV]?R[N ! ,P>TY-DOM9AT$ ,SOVIET4 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE IS TODAY />T+ ELECTIONS TO A NEW ,SOVIET4 ,IT WILL BE FREELY ELECT$1 & IT WILL REFLECT ! WI%ES ( ! :OLE WORK+ POPULATION1 & ( ! G>RISON--& NOT JU/ ?OSE ( A H&FUL ( ,P>TY MEMB]S4 

,\R CAUSE IS JU/4 ,WE /& = ! P[] ( ! ,SOVIETS1 NOT = ?AT ( ! ,P>TY4 ,WE /& = FREELY ELECT$ REPRES5TATIVES ( ! TOIL+ MASSES4 

,DE=M$ ,SOVIETS1 DOM9AT$ BY ! ,P>TY1 HAVE REMA9$ DEAF TO \R PLEAS4 ,\R APPEALS HAVE BE5 ANSW]$ ) BULLETS4 

,! WORK]S' PATI5CE IS BECOM+ EXHAU/$4 ,SO N[ !Y >E SEEK+ TO PACIFY Y\ ) CRUMBS4 ,ON ,Z9OVIEV'S ORD]S ! MILITIA B>RAGES HAVE BE5 )DRAWN4 ,MOSC[ HAS ALLOCAT$ T5 MILLION GOLD RUBLES = ! PUR*ASE ABROAD ( FOOD /UFFS & O!R >TICLES ( FIR/ NECESSITY4 ,BUT WE KN[ ?AT ! ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT WILL NOT BE B\<T OV] 9 ?IS WAY4 ,OV] ! HEADS ( ! ,P>TY1 WE HOLD \T TO Y\ ! FRAT]NAL H& ( REVOLUTION>Y ,KRON/ADT4 

,COMRADES1 Y\ >E BE+ DECEIV$4 ,& TRU? IS BE+ DI/ORT$ BY ! BASE/ ( CALUMNIES4 

,COMRADES1 DON'T ALL[ Y\RSELVES TO BE MISL$4 

,9 ,KRON/ADT1 P[] IS 9 ! H&S ( ! SAILORS1 ( ! R$ SOLDI]S & ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WORK]S4 ,IT IS NOT 9 ! H&S ( :ITE ,GU>DS COMM&$ BY ,G5]AL ,KOZLOVSKY1 AS ,MOSC[ ,RADIO LY+LY ASS]TS4 

,SIGN$3 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4' 

,=EIGN COMMUNI/S W]E 9 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD AT ! TIME ( ! REVOLT4 ,!Y W]E 9 CLOSE CONTACT ) LEAD+ ,P>TY CIRCLES4 ,!Y CONFIRM$ ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T HAD MADE HA/Y PUR*ASES ABROAD 7EV5 *OCOLATE WAS B\<T1 :I* HAD ALWAYS BE5 A LUXURY 9 ,RUSSIA74 ,MOSC[ & ,PETROGRAD HAD SUDD5LY *ANG$ !IR TACTICS4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T HAD A BETT] GRASP ( PSY*OLOGICAL W> ?AN HAD ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,IT UND]/OOD ! CORRUPT+ 9FLU5CE ( :ITE BREAD ON A />V+ POPULATION4 ,IT WAS 9 VA9 ?AT ,KRON/ADT ASS]T$ ?AT CRUMBS W\LD NOT BUY ! ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT4 ,! ,GOV]NM5T'S ME?ODS HAD UND\BT$ EFFECT1 ESPECIALLY :5 COMB9$ ) VICI\S REPRESSION DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! /RIK]S4 

,SUPPORT 9 ,PETROGRAD 

,P>T ( ! ,PETROGRAD PROLET>IAT CONT9U$ TO /RIKE DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS4 ,P\KHOV1 ! ,P>TY HI/ORIAN1 HIMSELF ADMITS ?IS4 ,! WORK]S W]E DEM&+ ! LIB]ATION ( ! PRISON]S4 ,9 C]TA9 FACTORIES1 COPIES ( ! ,TVE/IA' ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE W]E F\ND PLA/]$ ON ! WALLS4 ,A LORRY EV5 DROVE ?R\< ! /REET ( ,PETROGRAD SCATT]+ LEAFLETS FROM ,KRON/ADT4 ,9 C]TA9 5T]PRISES 7= 9/ANCE1 ! ,/ATE ,PR9T+ ,WORKS ,NO4 #b#f71 ! WORK]S REFUS$ TO ADOPT A RESOLUTION CONDEMN+ ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS4 ,AT ! ',>S5AL' FACTORY1 ! WORK]S ORGANIZ$ A MASS MEET+ ON #g? ,M>*1 7! DAY ! BOMB>DM5T ( ,KRON/ADT BEGAN74 ,?IS MEET+ ADOPT$ A RESOLUTION ( ! MUT9\S SAILORS6 ,IT ELECT$ A COMMISSION :I* WAS TO GO FROM FACTORY TO FACTORY1 AGITAT+ = A G5]AL /RIKE4 

,/RIKES W]E CONT9U+ 9 ! BIGGE/ FACTORIES ( ,PETROGRAD3 ,P\TILOV1 ,BALTISKY1 ,OB\KHOV1 ,NIEVSKAIA ,MAN\FACTURA1 ETC4 ,! AU?ORITIES SACK$ ! /RIK+ WORK]S1 TRANSF]R$ ! FACTORIES TO ! AU?ORITY ( ! LOCAL TROIKAS 7?REE M5 COMMITTEES71 :O PROCE$$ TO SELECTIVE REHIR+ ( WORK]S4 ,O!R REPRESSIVE MEASURES W]E ALSO TAK5 AGA9/ ! /RIK]S4 

,/RIKES W]E ALSO />T+ 9 ,MOSC[1 9 ,NIJNI ,NOVGOROD & ,9 O!R CITIES4 ,BUT H]E TOO1 ! PROMPT DELIV]Y ( FOOD/UFFS1 COMB9$ ) CALUMNIES TO ! EFFECT ?AT ,CZ>I/ G5]ALS W]E 9 COMM& AT ,KRON/ADT HAD SUCCE$$ 9 S[+ D\BTS AMONG ! WORK]S4 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS' AIM HAD BE5 A*IEV$4 ,! PROLET>IAT ( ,PETROGRAD & ( ! O!R 9DU/RIAL CITIES WAS 9 A /ATE ( CONFUSION4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS1 :O HAD BE5 HOP+ = ! SUPPORT ( ! :OLE ( WORK+ CLASS ,RUSSIA1 REMA9$ ISOLAT$1 CONFRONT+ A ,GOV]NM5T DET]M9$ TO ANNIHILATE !M1 :ATEV] ! CO/4 

,FIR/ ,SKIRMI%ES 

,ON #f? ,M>*1 ,TROTSKY ADDRESS$ AN APPEAL BY RADIO TO ! ,KRON/ADT G>RISON3 

,! ,WORK]S' & ,PEASANTS' ,GOV]NM5T HAS DECID$ TO REASS]T ITS AU?ORITY )\T DELAY1 BO? OV] ,KRON/ADT & OV] ! MUT9\S BATTLE%IPS1 & TO PUT !M AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,I !RE=E ORD] ALL ?OSE :O HAVE RAIS$ A H& AGA9/ ! ,SOCIALI/ ,FA!RL&1 IMM$IATELY TO LAY D[N !IR WEAPONS4 ,?OSE :O RESI/ WILL BE DIS>M$ & PUT AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! ,SOVIET ,COMM&4 ,! >RE/$ COMMISS>S & O!R REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,GOV]NM5T MU/ BE FRE$ IMM$IATELY4 ,ONLY ?OSE :O SURR5D] UNCONDITIONALLY WILL BE ABLE TO C\NT ON ! CLEM5CY ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC4 ,I AM MEAN:ILE GIV+ ORD]S ?AT EV]Y?+ BE PREP>$ TO SMA% ! REVOLT & ! REBELS BY =CE ( >MS4 ,! RESPONSIBILITY = ! DISA/]S :I* WILL EFFECT ! CIVILIAN POPULATION MU/ FALL SQU>ELY ON ! HEADS ( ! ,:ITE ,GU>D 9SURG5TS4 

,SIGN$3 ,TROTSKY1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,MILIT>Y ,REVOLUTION>Y ,C\NCIL ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 ,K,A,M,5,E,V1.<#b#a#b.> ,GLAVKOM 7,COMM&+ ,(FIC]74' 

,ON #h? ,M>*1 A PLANE FLEW OV] ,KRON/ADT & DROPP$ A BOMB4 ,ON ! FOLL[+ DAYS1 ,GOV]NM5T >TILL]Y CONT9U$ TO %ELL ! =TRESS & NEI<BOR+ =TS1 BUT MET ) /IFF RESI/ANCE4 ,AIRCRAFT DROPP$ BOMBS :I* PROVOK$ SU* FURY AMONG ! CIVILIAN POPULATION ?AT !Y />T$ FIR+ BACK4 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD TO ORD] ! DEF5D]S NOT TO WA/E !IR AMMUNITION4 

,BY #aiba ! ,KRON/ADT G>RISON HAD BE5 M>K$LY R$UC$4 ,FIGURES ISSU$ BY ! ,G5]AL ,/AFF ( ! DEF5D]S PUT ! NUMB] AT #c14 ,GAPS BETWE5 9FANTRYM5 DEF5D+ ! P]IMET] W]E AT LEA/ #cb FEET WIDE4 ,/OCKS ( AMMUNITION & %ELLS W]E ALSO LIMIT$4 

,DUR+ ! AFT]NOON ( #cRD ,M>*1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD MET 9 CONF]5CE TOGE!R ) C]TA9 MILIT>Y SPECIALI/S4 ,A ,MILIT>Y ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE WAS SET UP :I* PREP>$ A PLAN TO DEF5D ! =TRESS4 ,BUT :5 ! MILIT>Y ADVIS]S PROPOS$ AN ASSAULT 9 ! DIRECTION ( ,ORANI5BAUM 7:]E !RE W]E FOOD /OCKS1 AT ,SPASSATELNAIA71 ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE REFUS$4 ,IT WAS NOT PUTT+ ITS FAI? 9 ! MILIT>Y CAPACITY ( ! SAILORS2 BUT 9 ! MORAL SUPPORT ( ! :OLE ( PROLET>IAN ,RUSSIA4 ,UNTIL ! FIR/ %OT HAD BE5 FIR$1 ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT REFUS$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T W\LD MILIT>ILY ATTACK !M4 ,?IS IS NO D\BT :Y ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD NOT SET \T TO PREV5T ! APPROA* ( ! ,R$ ,>MY BY BREAK+ ! ICE >\ND ! FOOT ( ! =TRESS4 ,= MU* ! SAME REASONS1 =TIFI$ B>RAGES W]E NOT SET UP ALONG ! PROBABLE L9E ( ATTACK4 

,KRON/ADT WAS RI<T4 ,MILIT>ILY !Y C\LD NOT W94 ,AT BE/1 !Y C\LD HAVE HELD A =TNI<T4 ,?IS MI<T HAVE BE5 IMPORTANT1 = ONCE ! ICE HAD MELT$1 ,KRON/ADT C\LD HAVE BECOME A REAL =TRESS1 CAPABLE ( DEF5D+ ITSELF4 ,NOR MU/ WE =GET ?AT !IR HUMAN RES]VES W]E 9F9ITESIMAL1 COMP>$ ) ! NUMB]S ! ,R$ ,>MY C\LD ?R[ 9TO BATTLE4 

#f4 ,DEMORALIZATION 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY 

,:AT WAS MORALE LIKE 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY AT ?IS TIME8 ,9 AN 9T]VIEW GIV5 TO ',KRASNAIA ,GAZETA1' ,DYB5KO DESCRIB$ H[ ALL ! MILIT>Y UNITS P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! ASSAULT ON ,KRON/ADT HAD TO BE REORGANIZ$4.<#b#a#c.> ,?IS WAS AN ABSOLUTE NECESSITY4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ DAY ( MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS1 ! ,R$ ,>MY HAD %[N ?AT IT DID NOT WI% TO FI<T AGA9/ ! SAILORS1 AGA9/ ! 'BRATI*KI' 7LITTLE BRO!RS71 AS !Y W]E KN[N AT ! TIME4 ,AMONG ! ADVANC$ WORK]S1 ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E KN[N AS PEOPLE MO/ DEVOT$ TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,& ANYWAY1 ! V]Y MOTIVES ?AT W]E DRIV+ ,KRON/ADT TO REVOLT1 EXI/$ AMONG ! RANKS ( ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,BO? W]E HUNGRY & COLD1 POORLY CLAD & POORLY %OD & ?IS WAS NO MEAN BURD5 9 ! ,RUSSIAN W9T]1 ESPECIALLY :5 :AT WAS ASK$ ( !M WAS TO M>* & FI<T ON ICE & SN[4 

,DUR+ ! NI<T ( #h? ,M>*1 :5 ! ,R$ ,>MY ATTACK AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT />T$1 A T]RIBLE SN[ /ORM WAS BL[+ OV] ! ,BALTIC4 ,?ICK FOG MADE ! TRACKS ALMO/ 9VISIBLE4 ,! ,R$ ,>MY SOLDI]S WORE LONG :ITE BL\SES :I* HID !M WELL AGA9/ ! SN[4 ,?IS IS H[ ,P\KHOV.<#b#a#d.> DESCRIB$ MORALE 9 ,9FANTRY ,REGIM5T #efa 9 AN (FICIAL COMMUNIQUI4 ,! REGIM5T WAS APPROA*+ ,KRON/ADT FROM ! ,ORANI5BAUM SIDE4 

',AT ! BEG9N+ ( ! OP]ATION ! SECOND BATTALION HAD REFUS$ TO M>*4 ,) MU* DIFFICULTY & ?ANKS TO ! PRES5CE ( COMMUNI/S1 IT WAS P]SUAD$ TO V5TURE ON ! ICE4 ,AS SOON AS IT REA*$ ! FIR/ S\? BATT]Y1 A COMPANY ( ! #bND4 BATTALION SURR5D]$4 ,! (FIC]S HAD TO RETURN ALONE4 ,! REGIM5T /OPP$4 ,DAWN WAS BREAK+4 ,WE W]E )\T NEWS ( ! #cRD4 BATTALION1 :I* WAS ADVANC+ T[>DS S\? BATT]IES #a & #b4 ,! BATTALION WAS M>*+ 9 FILE & WAS BE+ %ELL$ BY >TILL]Y FROM ! =TS4 ,IT !N SPREAD \T & VE]$ TO ! LEFT ( ,=T ,MILI\T9E1 FROM :I* R$ FLAGS W]E BE+ WAV$4 ,HAV+ ADVANC$ A FUR!R %ORT DI/ANCE1 IT NOTIC$ ?AT ! REBELS HAD FITT$ MA*9E GUNS ON ! =TS1 & W]E (F]+ !M ! *OICE ( SURR5D]+ OR BE+ MASSACR$4 ,EV]YBODY SURR5D]$1 EXCEPT ! BATTALION COMMISS> & ?REE OR F\R SOLDI]S :O TURN$ BACK ON !IR /EPS40 

,ON #h?4 ,M>*1 ,\BLANOV1 ,COMMISS> = ! ,NOR!RN ,SECTOR1 WROTE TO ! ,PETROGRAD ,P>TY3 

',I CONSID] IT MY REVOLUTION>Y DUTY TO CL>IFY Y\ AS TO ! /ATE ( AFFAIRS ON ! NOR!RN SECTOR4 ,IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO S5D ! ,>MY 9TO A SECOND ATTACK ON ! =TS4 ,I HAVE ALREADY SPOK5 TO ,COMRADES ,LA*EVIT*1 ,AVROV & ,TROTSKY AB\T ! MORALE ( ! ,K\RSANTYS 7CADET (FIC]S1 DEEM$ MO/ FIT = BATTLE74 ,I HAVE TO REPORT ! FOLL[+ T5D5CIES4 ,! M5 WI% TO KN[ ! DEM&S ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,!Y WANT TO S5D DELEGATES TO ,KRON/ADT4 ,! NUMB] ( POLITICAL COMMISS>S 9 ?IS SECTOR IS F> FROM SUFFICI5T4' 

,>MY MORALE WAS ALSO REVEAL$ 9 ! CASE ( ! #g#i? ,BRIGADE ( ! #b#g? ,OMSK ,DIVISION4 ,! ,DIVISION COMPRIS$ ?REE REGIM5TS4 ,IT HAD %[N ITS FI<T+ CAPACITIES 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ,KOLT*AK4 ,ON #a#b? ,M>*1 ! DIVISION WAS BR\<T TO ! ,KRON/ADT FRONT4 ,! ,OR*ANE REGIM5T REFUS$ TO FI<T AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 ,! FOLL[+ DAY1 9 ! TWO O!R REGIM5TS ( ! SAME DIVISION1 ! SOLDI]S ORGANIZ$ IMPROMPTU MEET+S :]E !Y DISCUSS$ :AT ATTITUDE TO TAKE4 ,TWO ( ! REGIM5TS HAD TO BE DIS>M$ BY =CE1 & ! 'REVOLUTION>Y' TRIBUNAL POS$ HEAVY S5T5CES4 

,!RE W]E MANY SIMIL> CASES4 ,NOT ONLY W]E ! SOLDI]S UNWILL+ TO FI<T AGA9/ !IR CLASS BRO!RS1 BUT !Y W]E NOT PREP>$ TO FI<T ON ! ICE 9 ! MON? ( ,M>*4 ,UNITS HAD BE5 BR\<T 9 FROM O!R REGIONS ( ! C\NTRY1 :]E BY MID ,M>* ! ICE WAS MELT+ ALREADY4 ,!Y HAD LITTLE CONFID5CE 9 ! SOLIDITY ( ! ,BALTIC ICE4 ,?OSE :O HAD TAK5 P>T 9 ! FIR/ ASSAULT1 HAD SE5 ?AT ! %ELLS FROM ,KRON/ADT W]E OP5+ UP 5ORM\S HOLES 9 ITS SURFACE1 9 :I* ! UN=TUNATE ,GOV]NM5T TROOPS W]E BE+ 5GULF$4 ,!SE W]E H>DLY 5C\RAG+ SC5ES4 ,ALL ?IS CONTRIBUT$ TO ! FAILURE ( ! FIR/ ASSAULTS AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 

,REORGANIZATION 

,! REGIM5TS TO BE US$ 9 ! F9AL ASSAULT AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT W]E ?OR\<LY REORGANIZ$4 ,GR\PS ?AT HAD %[N ANY SYMPA?Y T[>DS ,KRON/ADT W]E DIS>M$ & TRANSF]R$ TO O!R UNITS4 ,SOME W]E SEV]ELY PUNI%$ BY ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNAL4 ,P>TY MEMB]S W]E MOBILIZ$ & ALLOCAT$ TO V>I\S BATTALIONS = PURPOSES ( PROPAG&A & = REPORT+ BACK ON UNSURE ELEM5TS4 

,BETWE5 #h? & #a#e? ( ,M>*1 :ILE ! CANNONS EX*ANG$ FIRE OV] ! ICE AT ,KRON/ADT1 ! ,T5? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS WAS HELD 9 ,MOSC[4 ,! ,CONGRESS DISPAT*$ #c DELEGATES TO ! FRONT1 AMONG !M ,VORO*ILOV1 ,B\BNOV1 ,ZAT\SKY1 ,R\KHIMOVIT* & ,PIATAKOV4 ,! 'DELEGATES' W]E NOM9AT$ 'POLITICAL COMMISS>S' & APPO9T$ TO ! MILIT>Y SECTION ( ! ,T*EKA1 OR TO 'SPECIAL COMMISSIONS = ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ DES]TION4' ,SOME JU/ F\<T 9 ! RANKS4 

,! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS W]E WORK+ OV]TIME4 ,P\KHOV DESCRIBES H[ '!Y W\LD VIGOR\SLY REACT TO ALL UNHEAL?Y T5D5CIES4 ,TR\BLEMAK]S & PROVOCATEURS W]E PUNI%$ ACCORD+ TO !IR DES]TS4' ,! S5T5CES W\LD IMM$IATELY BE MADE KN[N TO ! SOLDI]S4 ,SOME TIMES !Y W\LD EV5 BE PUBLI%$ 9 ! PAP]S4 

,BUT DESPITE ALL ! PROPAG&A1 ALL ! REORGANIZATION1 & ALL ! REPRESSION1 ! SOLDI]S RETA9$ !IR D\BTS4 ,ON #a#d? ,M>*1 !RE W]E FUR!R ACTS ( 9SUBORD9ATION4 ,REGIM5T #e#f#a1 REORGANIZ$ ON #h? ,M>*1 /ILL REFUS$ TO M>*4 ',WE WILL NOT FI<T AGA9/ \R BRO!RS FROM ! SAME 0/ANITSAS10'.<#b#a#e.> !Y PROCLAIM$4 

,SMALL GR\PS ( ,R$ ,>MY M5 SURR5D]$ TO ! REBELS & />T$ FI<T+ ON !IR SIDE4 ,WITNESSES DESCRIB$ H[ SOME UNITS LO/ HALF !IR M5 BE=E EV5 5T]+ ! L9E ( FIRE ( ! 9SURG5TS4 ,!Y W]E BE+ MA*9$ GUNN$ FROM ! RE> 'TO PREV5T !M SURR5D]+ TO ! REBELS4' 

,(FICIAL S\RCES DESCRIB$ H[ ISSUES ( ! ,KRON/ADT ',IZVE/IA' W]E BE+ READ ) GREAT 9T]E/ 9 ! ,R$ ,>MY4 ,SO W]E ! LEAFLETS DI/RIBUT$ BY ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS4 ,SPECIAL POLITICAL COMMISSIONS W]E SET UP TO PREV5T SU* MAT]IAL FROM 5T]+ ! B>RACKS4 ,BUT ?IS HAD AN OPPOSITE EFFECT FROM ! ONE EXPECT$4 

,P>TY ORGANIZATIONS ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY W]E MOBILIZ$4 ,9T5SIVE PROPAG&A WAS C>RI$ \T AMONG ! TROOPS 9 ! RE>4 ,! HUMAN & MAT]IAL RES\RCES AVAILABLE TO ! ,GOV]NM5T W]E F> GREAT] ?AN ?OSE AVAILABLE TO ,KRON/ADT4 ,TRA9S W]E DAILY BR++ NEW TROOPS TO ,PETROGRAD4 

,MANY W]E BE+ S5T FROM ! ,KIR<IZ & ,BA*KIR L&S 7I4E41 W]E COMPOS$ ( M5 AS F> REMOV$ AS POSSIBLE FROM ! ',KRON/ADT FRAME ( M9D'74 ,AS TO ! DEF5D]S ( ,KRON/ADT1 !IR =CES W]E NOT ONLY DIM9I%+ NUM]ICALLY 7?R\< LOSSES SU/A9$ 9 FI<T+71 BUT !Y W]E MORE & MORE EXHAU/$4 ,BADLY CLAD & HALF />V+1 ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS REMA9$ AT !IR GUNS1 ALMO/ )\T RELIEF1 = JU/ OV] A WEEK4 ,AT ! 5D ( ?IS P]IOD1 MANY ( !M C\LD H>DLY /&4 

#g4 ,! ,F9AL ,ASSAULT 

,AW>E ( !SE FACTS & HAV+ TAK5 ALL NECESS>Y MEASURES 9 RELATION TO ORGANIZATION1 SUPPLIES1 & IMPROVEM5T 9 MORALE ,T\KHAT*EVSKY1 COMM&] ( ! #g? ,>MY1 ISSU$ HIS FAM\S PROCLAMATION ( #a#e? ,M>*4 ,HE ORD]$ ?AT ,KRON/ADT BE TAK5 BY ALL \T ASSAULT 9 ! NI<T ( #a#f?-#a#g? ,M>*4 ,5TIRE REGIM5TS ( ! #g? ,>MY W]E EQUIPP$ ) H& GR5ADES1 :ITE BL\SES1 %E>S = CUTT+ B>B$ WIRE & ) SMALL SLEI<S = C>RY+ MA*9E GUNS4 

,T\KHAT*EVSKY'S PLAN WAS TO LAUN* A DECISIVE ATTACK FROM ! S\?1 & !N TO CAPTURE ,KRON/ADT BY A MASSIVE SIMULTANE\S ASSAULT FROM ?REE DIFF]5T DIRECTIONS4 

,ON #a#f? ,M>*1 ! ,S\!RN ,GR\P OP5$ ITS >TILL]Y B>RAGE AT #a#d4#b HRS4 ,AT #a#g4 HRS4 ! ,NOR!RN ,GR\P ALSO />T$ %ELL+ ,KRON/ADT4 ,! ,KRON/ADT GUNS ANSW]$ BACK4 ,! BOMB>DM5T LA/$ F\R H\RS4 ,AIRCRAFT !N BOMB$ ! CITY1 ) A VIEW TO CREAT+ PANIC AMONG ! CIVILIAN POPULATION4 ,9 ! EV5+1 ! >TILL]Y BOMB>DM5T CEAS$4 ,! ,KRON/ADT SE>*LI<TS SWEPT OV] ! ICE LOOK+ = ! 9VAD]S4 

,T[>DS MIDNI<T1 ! ,GOV]NM5T TROOPS HAD TAK5 UP !IR POSITION & />T$ TO ADVANCE4 ,AT #b3#d#e A4M41 ! ,NOR!RN ,=CE HAD OCCUPI$ ,=T #g1 AB&ON$ BY ! ,KRON/ADT DEF5D]S4 ,AT #d3#c A4M41 ,GOV]NM5T TROOPS ATTACK$ ,=TS #d & #f1 BUT SUFF]$ V]Y HEAVY LOSSES FROM ! ,KRON/ADT >TILL]Y4 ,AT #f3#d A4M41 ,GOV]NM5T (FIC] CADETS F9ALLY CAPTUR$ ,=T #f4 

,AT #e3 A4M41 ! ,S\!RN ,=CE LAUN*$ AN ATTACK ON ! =TS FAC+ !M4 ,! DEF5D]S1 OV]:ELM$1 FELL BACK T[>DS ! CITY4 ,A FI]CE & BLOODY BATTLE !N BROKE \T 9 ! /REETS4 ,MA*9E GUNS W]E US$1 AT V]Y CLOSE RANGE4 ,! SAILORS DEF5D$ EA* H\SE1 EA* ATTIC1 EA* %$4 ,9 ! T[N ITSELF1 !Y W]E RE9=C$ BY ! WORK]S' MILITIAS4 ,! ATTACK+ TROOPS W]E1 = A FEW H\RS1 ?R[N BACK T[>DS ! =TS & SUBURBS4 ,! SAILORS REOCCUPI$ ! ,ME*ANICAL ,9/ITUTE1 :I* HAD BE5 CAPTUR$ E>LY BY ! #h? GOV]NM5T ,BRIGADE4 

,! /REET FI<T+ WAS T]RIBLE4 ,R$ ,>MY SOLDI]S W]E LOS+ !IR (FIC]S1 ,R$ ,>MY M5 & DEF5D+ TROOPS W]E MIX+ 9 9DESCRIBABLE CONFUSION4 ,NO ONE QUITE KNEW :O WAS ON :I* SIDE4 ,! CIVILIAN POPULATION ( ! T[N TRI$ TO FRAT]NIZE ) ! ,GOV]NM5T TROOPS1 DESPITE ! %OOT+4 ,FEAFLETS ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE W]E /ILL BE+ DI/RIBUT$4 ,TO ! BITT] 5D ! SAILORS W]E TRY+ TO FRAT]NIZE4 

,?R\<\T #a#g?4 ,M>* ! FI<T+ RAG$ ON4 ,BY ! EV5+ ! ,NOR!RN ,GR\P HAD OCCUPI$ MO/ ( ! =TS4 ,/REET FI<T+ CONT9U$ ?R\<\T ! NI<T & WELL 9TO ! FOLL[+ MORN+4 ,ONE BY ONE ! LA/ =TS-- ,MILI\T9E1 ,CON/ANT9E1 & ,OBR\T*EV--FELL4 ,EV5 AFT] ! LA/ ONE HAD BE5 OCCUPI$1 ISOLAT$ GR\PS ( DEF5D]S W]E /ILL DESP]ATELY FI<T+ BACK ) MA*9E GUNS4 ,NE> ! ,TOLBUKH9 LI<T H\SE1 A F9AL GR\P ( #ae SAILORS PUT UP A DESP]ATE RESI/ANCE4 

,! ,BALANCE ,%EET 

,FIGURES ,ISSU$ BY ! ,MILIT>Y ,HEAL? ,AU?ORITIES ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,DI/RICT-- & RELAT+ TO ! P]IOD BETWE5 #cRD4 & #b#a/4 ,M>*--SPOKE ( #d1#a#b#g W\ND$ & #ebg KILL$4 ,!SE FIGURES DO NOT 9CLUDE ! DR[N$1 OR ! NUM]\S W\ND$ LEFT TO DIE ON ! ICE4.<#b#a#f.> ,NOR DO !Y 9CLUDE ! VICTIMS ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS4 

,WE DO NOT EV5 HAVE APPROXIMATE FIGURES AS TO ! LOSSES ON ! ,KRON/ADT SIDE4 ,!Y W]E 5ORM\S1 EV5 )\T ! REPRISAL MASSACRES ?AT LAT] TOOK PLACE4 ,P]HAPS ONE DAY ! >*IVES ( ! ,T*EKA & ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS WILL REVEAL ! FULL & T]RIBLE TRU?4 

,?IS IS :AT ,P\KHOV1 '(FICIAL' ,/AL9I/ HI/ORIAN ( ! REVOLT1 SAYS ON ! MATT]3 ',:ILE /EPS W]E BE+ TAK5 TO REE/ABLI% NORMAL LIFE1 & AS ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ REBEL REMNANTS WAS BE+ PURSU$1 ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,TRIBUNALS ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,MILIT>Y ,DI/RICT W]E C>RY+ \T !IR WORK 9 MANY >EAS 444 ,SEV]E PROLET>IAN JU/ICE WAS BE+ MET$ \T TO ALL TRAITORS TO ! ,CAUSE 444 ,! S5T5CES W]E GIV5 MU* PUBLICITY 9 ! PRESS & PLAY$ A GREAT $UCATIONAL ROLE4' ,!SE QUOTATIONS FROM (FICIAL S\RCES REFUTE ,TROTSKYI/ LIES ?AT '! =TRESS WAS SURR\ND$ & CAPTUR$ ) 9SIGNIFICANT LOSSES4'.<#b#a#g.> 

,9 ! NI<T ( #a#g?-#a#h? ,M>*1 P>T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE LEFT ,KRON/ADT4 ,SOME #h1 PEOPLE 7SOME SAILORS & ! MO/ ACTIVE P>T ( ! CIVILIAN POPULATION71 MOV$ T[>DS ,F9L& & P]MAN5T EXILE4 ,:5 ! ,R$ ,>MY--DEF5D]S ( ! 'SOVIET' P[]--F9ALLY 5T]$ ,KRON/ADT1 !Y DID NOT REE/ABLI% ! ,KRON/ADT SOVIET4 ,ITS FUNCTIONS W]E TAK5 OV] BY ! ,POLITICAL ,SECTION ( ! ,SECRET>IAT ( ! NEW ,ASSI/ANT ,COMM&] ( ! ,=TRESS4 

,! :OLE ,R$ ,FLEET WAS PR(\NDLY REORGANIZ$4 ,?\S&S ( ,BALTIC SAILORS W]E S5T TO S]VE 9 ! ,BLACK ,SEA1 9 ! ,CASPIAN & 9 ,SIB]IAN NAVAL /ATIONS4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,P\KHOV3 '! LESS RELIABLE ELEM5TS1 ?OSE 9FECT$ ) ! ,KRON/ADT SPIRIT1 W]E TRANSF]R$4 ,MANY ONLY W5T RELUCTANTLY4 ,?IS MEASURE CONTRIBUT$ TO ! PURIFICATION ( AN UNHEAL?Y ATMOSPH]E4' 

,9 ,APRIL1 ! NEW ,NAVAL ,COMM& />T$ AN 9DIVIDUAL *ECK4 ',A SPECIAL COMMISSION DISMISS$ #a#e1 SAILORS 9 0NON ESS5TIAL0 7I4E41 NON SPECIALIZ$7 CATEGORIES ,V1 ,G1 & ,D--AS WELL AS SAILORS NOT CONSID]$ RELIABLE FROM A POLITICAL PO9T ( VIEW4' 

,AFT] ! PHYSICAL ANNIHILATION ( ,KRON/ADT1 ITS V]Y SPIRIT HAD TO BE ]ADICAT$ FROM ! ,FLEET4 

#h4 ,:AT !Y SAID AT ! TIME 

',REVOLTS BY WORK]S & PEASANTS HAVE %[N ?AT !IR PATI5CE HAS COME TO AN 5D4 ,! UPRIS+ ( ! WORK]S IS NE> AT H&4 ,! TIME HAS COME TO OV]?R[ ! BUREAUCRACY444 ,KRON/ADT HAS RAIS$ = ! FIR/ TIME ! BANN] ( ! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION ( ! TOIL]S444 ,! AUTOCRACY HAS FALL54 ,! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY HAS DEP>T$ TO ! REGION ( ! DAMN$4 ,! BUREAUCRACY IS CRUMBL+444' ,ISVE/IA ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4 ,ETAPY ,REVOLIUTSI 7,/AGES ( ! ,REVOLUTION71 ,M>* #a#b1 #a#i#b#a4 

',9 ! B\RGEOIS NEWSPAP]S Y\ CAN READ ?AT WE BR\<T UP ,*9ESE1 ,KALMUK & O!R REGIM5TS AGA9/ ,YUDEMIT* & ,KRON/ADT4 ,?IS IS1 ( C\RSE1 A LIE4 ,WE BR\<T UP \R Y\?4 ,! /ORM+ ( ,KRON/ADT WAS 9DE$ SYMBOLIC4 ,KRON/ADT1 AS ,I SAID1 WAS AB\T TO PASS 9TO ! H&S ( ,FR5* & ,5GLI% IMP]IALISM4' ,L4 ,TROTSKY4 ,SPEE* DELIV]$ AT #bND ,CONGRESS ( ,COMMUNI/ ,Y\? ,9T]NATIONAL1 ,JULY #a#d1 #a#i#b#a4 ,! ,FIR/ ,FIVE ,YE>S ( ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,9T]NATIONAL 7,PIONE] ,PUBLI%]S1 #a#i#d#e71 P4 #c#a#b4 

,! ,AN>*I/S 

,DID ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS PUT =W>D !IR DEM&S & RESOLUTIONS BY !MSELVES8 ,OR W]E !Y ACT+ UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( POLITICAL GR\PS1 :I* MI<T HAVE SUGGE/$ SLOGANS TO !M8 ,AN>*I/ 9FLU5CE IS (T5 9CRIM9AT$ :5 ?IS SUBJECT IS DESCRIB$4 ,H[ SURE CAN ONE BE ( ! MATT]8 ,AMONG MEMB]S ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 AS AMONG ! ,KRON/ADT]S 9 G5]AL1 !RE W]E C]TA9LY 9DIVIDUALS CLAIM+ TO BE AN>*I/S4 

,BUT IF ONE BASES ONESELF ON DOCUM5T>Y EVID5CE1 AS WE HAVE S\<T TO DO ?R\<\T ?IS /UDY1 ONE MU/ CONCLUDE ?AT !RE WAS NO DIRECT 9T]V5TION BY AN>*I/ GR\PS4 

,! ,M5%EVIK ,DAN1 :O WAS 9 PRISON = A :ILE 9 ,PETROGRAD ) A GR\P ( ,KRON/ADT REBELS1 TELLS US 9 HIS MEMOIRS ?AT ,P]EPELK91 ONE ( ! MEMB]S ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 WAS CLOSE TO AN>*ISM4.<#b#a#h.> ,HE ALSO TELLS US ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E BO? DISILLUSION$ & F$ UP ) ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY POLICY & ?AT !Y SPOKE ) HATR$ AB\T POLITICAL P>TIES 9 G5]AL4 ,9 !IR EYES1 ! ,M5%EVIKS & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES W]E AS BAD AS ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,ALL W]E \T TO SEIZE P[] & W\LD LAT] BETRAY ! PEOPLE :O HAD VE/$ !IR CONFID5CE 9 !M4 ,ACCORD+ TO ,DAN1 ! CONCLUSION ( ! SAILORS1 DISAPPO9T$ ) POLITICAL P>TIES WAS3 ',Y\ >E ALL ! SAME4 ,:AT WE NE$ IS AN>*ISM1 NOT A P[] /RUCTURE6' 

,! AN>*I/S ( C\RSE DEF5D ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS4 ,IT SEEMS LIKELY TO US ?AT HAD ANY ( !IR ORGANIZATIONS REALLY L5T A H& 9 ! 9SURRECTION ! AN>*I/ PRESS W\LD HAVE M5TION$ ! FACT4 ,9 ! AN>*I/ PRESS ( ! TIME1 H[EV]1 !RE IS NO M5TION ( SU* HELP4 ,= 9/ANCE ,Y>T*\K1 AN OLD AN>*OSYNDICALI/.<#b#a#i.> :O BE=E ,OCTOB] HAD 5JOY$ CONSID]ABLE AU?ORITY AMONG ! POPULATION & SAILORS ( ,KRON/ADT1 M5TIONS NO SU* AN>*I/ ROLE 9 HIS PAMPHLET DEVOT$ TO ! #aiba UPRIS+1.<#b#b.> WRITT5 IMM$IATELY AFT] ! EV5TS4 ,WE MU/ CONSID] HIS JUDGM5T AS FAIRLY CONCLUSIVE EVID5CE4 

,AT ! TIME ( ! 9SURRECTION ! AN>*I/S W]E ALREADY BE+ P]SECUT$ ALL OV] ! C\NTRY4 ,ISOLAT$ LIB]T>IANS & ! FEW REMA9+ AN>*I/ GR\P+S W]E UND\BT$LY 'MORALLY' ON ! SIDE ( ! 9SURG5TS4 ,?IS IS %[N = 9/ANCE 9 ! FOLL[+ LEAFLET1 ADDRESS$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS ( ,PETROGRAD3 

',! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT IS A REVOLUTION4 ,DAY & NI<T Y\ CAN HE> ! S\ND ( ! CANNON4 ,Y\ HESITATE TO 9T]V5E DIRECTLY AGA9/ ! ,GOV]NM5T TO DIV]T ITS =CES FROM ,KRON/ADT1 AL?\< ! CAUSE ( ,KRON/ADT IS Y\R CAUSE444 ,! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT >E ALWAYS 9 ! =EFRONT ( REBELLION4 ,AFT] ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT LET US SEE ! REVOLT ( ,PETROGRAD4 ,& AFT] Y\1 LET AN>*ISM PREVAIL4' 

,F\R AN>*I/S !N 9 ,PETROGRAD 7,EMMA ,GOLDMAN1 ,ALEX&] ,B]KMAN1 ,P]KUS1 & ,PETROVSKY7 =ESAW A BLOODY \TCOME TO EV5TS4 ,ON ,M>* #e1 !Y S5T ! FOLL[+ LETT] TO ! ,PETROGRAD ,C\NCIL = ,LABOR & ,DEF5SE3 

',IT ,IS NOT ONLY IMPOSSIBLE BUT 9 FACT CRIM9AL TO KEEP QUIET AT ! PRES5T TIME4 ,REC5T DEVELOPM5TS COMPEL US AN>*I/S TO GIVE \R OP9ION ON ! PRES5T SITUATION4 ,! DISCONT5T & F]M5T 9 ! M9DS ( ! WORK]S & SAILORS >E ! RESULT ( CIRCUM/ANCES :I* DES]VE S]I\S ATT5TION FROM US4 ,COLD & FAM9E HAVE PROVOK$ DISCONT5T1 :ILE ! ABS5CE ( ANY POSSIBILITY ( DISCUSSION OR CRITICISM DRIVE ! WORK]S & SAILORS TO SEEK AN \TLET TO ?IS DISCONT5T4 ,! FACT ?AT A WORK]S' & PEASANTS' GOV]NM5T USES =CE AGA9/ WORK]S & SAILORS IS EV5 MORE IMPORTANT4 ,IT WILL CREATE A REACTION>Y IMPRESSION 9 ! 9T]NATIONAL LABOR MOVEM5T & WILL !RE=E H>M ! CAUSE ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION4 ,BOL%EVIK COMRADES1 ?9K :ILE !RE IS /ILL TIME4 ,DON'T PLAY ) FIRE4 ,Y\ >E AB\T TO TAKE A DECISIVE /EP4 ,WE PROPOSE ! FOLL[+ TO Y\3 NOM9ATE A COMMISSION ( SIX1 ( :I* TWO %\LD BE AN>*I/S1 TO GO TO ,KRON/ADT TO SOLVE ! DIFF]5CES PEACEFULLY4 ,9 ! PRES5T CIRCUM/ANCES ?IS IS ! MO/ RATIONAL WAY ( DO+ ?+S4 ,IT WILL HAVE AN 9T]NATIONAL REVOLUTION>Y SIGNIFICANCE4' 

,!SE AN>*I/S C]TA9LY DID !IR DUTY4 ,BUT !Y ACT$ ON !IR [N & !RE IS NO?+ TO %[ ?AT !Y W]E ORGANIZATIONALLY L9K$ ) ! REBELS 9 ANY WAY4 ,MOREOV] ! V]Y FACT ?AT !Y PROPOS$ ?IS K9D ( M$IATION SUGGE/S ?AT !Y W]E NOT 9 DIRECT CONTACT ) ! SAILORS1 :O HAD !MSELVES S5T A DEPUTATION TO ,PETROGRAD ?R\< :I* IT W\LD HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE TO NEGOTIATE4 ,& IF1 9 ! ',PETROPAVLOVSK' RESOLUTION1 WE F9D ! DEM& ( FRE$OM ( SPEE* & FRE$OM ( PUBLICATION = ! AN>*I/S1 ?IS M]ELY %[S ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT]S ( #aiba HAD RETA9$ !IR IDEAS & TRADITIONS ( BE=E ,OCTOB]4 

,BE=E ,OCTOB] BO? ,BOL%EVIKS & ,AN>*I/S HAD CONSID]ABLE 9FLU5CE AT ,KRON/ADT4.<#b#b#a.> ,9 ! SUMM] ( #a#i#a#g1 AT A MEET+ ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET1 ,TROTSKY HAD BE5 ABLE TO ANSW] ! ,M5%EVIK LEAD] ,TS]ETELLI3 

',YES1 ! ,KRON/ADT]S >E AN>*I/S4 ,BUT DUR+ ! F9AL /AGE ( ! ,REVOLUTION ! REACTION>IES :O >E N[ 9CIT+ Y\ TO EXT]M9ATE ,KRON/ADT WILL BE PREP>+ ROPES TO HANG BO? Y\ & US4 ,& IT WILL BE ! ,KRON/ADT]S :O WILL FI<T TO ! LA/ TO DEF5D US4' 

,! AN>*I/S W]E WELL-KN[N 9 ,KRON/ADT AS REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?AT IS :Y ! REBELS1 :5 !Y SPOKE ( OP5+ ! DOORS ( ! ,SOVIETS TO DIFF]5T SOCIALI/ T5D5CIES1 HAD FIR/ ?\<T ( ! AN>*I/S AS WELL AS ( ! LEFT ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES4 

,! MO/ IMPORTANT ( ! DEM&S ( ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION W]E ?OSE CALL+ = DEMOCRATIC RI<TS = ! WORK]S & ?OSE PEASANTS NOT EXPLOIT+ ! LABOR ( O!RS & ! DEM& CALL+ = ! ABOLITION ( ! MONOPOLY ( ,P>TY 9FLU5CE4 ,!SE DEM&S W]E P>T ( ! PROGRAM ( O!R SOCIALI/ T5D5CIES1 ALREADY R$UC$ TO ILLEGALITY4 ,! AN>*I/S AGRE$ ) !SE DEM&S & W]E NOT ! ONLY ONES TO BE PUTT+ !M =W>D4 

,ON ! O!R H& ! ,KRON/ADT]S REPEAT$LY 9SI/$ ?AT !Y W]E '= SOVIET P[]4' ,A SMALL M9ORITY ( ,RUSSIAN LIB]T>IANS 7! 'SOVIET AN>*I/S'7 W]E KN[N TO SUPPORT ! IDEA ( CLOSE COLLABORATION ) ! SOVIETS1 :I* W]E ALREADY 9TEGRAT$ 9TO ! /ATE MA*9E4 ,! ,MAKHNOVI/ MOVEM5T ON ! O!R H& 7:I* WAS NOT EXCLUSIVELY AN>*I/ AL?\< UND] ! /RONG P]SONAL 9FLU5CE ( ,MAKHNO1 AN AN>*I/ S9CE ! AGE ( #a#f7 DID NOT SPEAK ( 'SOVIET P[]' AS SOME ?+ TO BE DEF5D$4 ,ITS SLOGAN WAS 'FREE SOVIETS1' I4E4 SOVIETS :]E DIFF]5T POLITICAL T5D5CIES MI<T COEXI/1 )\T BE+ VE/$ ) /ATE P[]4 

,! ,KRON/ADT]S BELIEV$ ?AT ! TRADE UNIONS HAD AN IMPORTANT ROLE TO PLAY4 ,?IS IDEA WAS BY NO MEANS AN EXCLUSIVELY AN>*I/ ONE4 ,IT WAS %>$ BY ! LEFT ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES & BY ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION 7,KOLLONTAI & ,*LIAPNIKOV7 9 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ITSELF4 ,LAT] O!R OPPOSITIONAL COMMUNI/ T5D5CIES 7LIKE ! ,SAPRONOVITES7 W]E TO ESP\SE IT4 ,9 %ORT ! IDEA WAS ! HALLM>K ( ALL ?OSE :O S\<T TO SAVE ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ?R\< PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY & ?R\< AN OPPOSITION TO ! ONE-P>TY MONOPOLY :I* HAD />T$ DOM9AT+ & WAS N[ REPLAC+ ALL O!R T5D5CIES4 

,WE MAY CONCLUDE BY SAY+ ?AT AN>*ISM HAD AN 9FLU5CE ON ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION TO ! EXT5T ?AT IT ADVOCAT$ ! IDEA ( PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY4 

,! ,M5%EVIKS 

,! ,M5%EVIKS HAD NEV] C>RI$ MU* WEI<T AMONG ! SAILORS4 ,! NUMB] ( ,M5%EVIK DEPUTIES TO ! ,KRON/ADT ,SOVIET BORE NO REAL RELATION TO !IR 9FLU5CE 9 ! ,FLEET4 ,! AN>*I/S1 :O AFT] ! SECOND ELECTION ONLY HAD ?REE OR F\R DEPUTIES TO ! ,SOVIET1 5JOY$ A F> GREAT] POPUL>ITY4 ,?IS P>ADOXICAL SITUATION >OSE FROM ! LACK ( ORGANIZATION AMONG ! AN>*I/S & ALSO FROM ! FACT ?AT 9 #aiag ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 BOL%EVISM & AN>*ISM W]E H>DLY P]CEPTIBLE TO ! MASSES4 ,MANY AN>*I/S AT ?AT TIME SAW BOL%EVISM AS A K9D ( ,BAK\N9IZ$ ,M>XISM4.<#b#b#b.> 

,! ,M5%EVIKS--AT LEA/ !IR (FICIAL FACTION--AL?\< FUNDAM5TALLY HO/ILE TO ,BOL%EVISM1 W]E NOT 9 FAVOR ( AN >M$ /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! ,/ATE P[]4 ,BECAUSE ( ?IS !Y W]E HO/ILE TO >M$ 9T]V5TION4.<#b#b#c.> ,!Y TRI$ TO PLAY ! ROLE ( A LEGAL OPPOSITION BO? 9 ! ,SOVIETS & 9 ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,OPPOS$ BO? TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT & TO ! DICTATOR%IP ( A S+LE P>TY & CONV9C$ ?AT A /AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T /ILL CONFRONT$ ,RUSSIA1 !Y FELT ?AT >M$ 9T]V5TIONS W\LD ONLY PREV5T ! DEMOCRATIC =CES 9 ,RUSSIA FROM E/ABLI%+ !MSELVES4 ,!Y HOP$ ?AT ONCE ! >M$ /RUGGLE HAD COME TO AN 5D ! REGIME W\LD BE COMPELL$ TO FOLL[ A C\RSE ( DEMOCRATIC TRANS=MATION4 

,ON ,M>* #g1 #a#i#b#a1 DUR+ ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION1 ! UND]GR\ND ,PETROGRAD ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,M5%EVIKS PUBLI%$ ! FOLL[+ LEAFLET3 

,TO ! WORK]S1 R$ SOLDI]S & ,K\RSANTYS ( ,PETROGRAD4 

,/OP ! SLAU<T]6 ,! GUNS >E ?UND]+ & ! ,COMMUNI/S :O CLAIM TO BE A ,WORK]S ,P>TY >E %OOT+ ! SAILORS ( ,KRON/ADT4 

,WE DON'T KN[ ALL ! DETAILS AB\T :AT HAS HAPP5$ AT ,KRON/ADT4 ,BUT WE DO KN[ ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT]S HAVE CALL$ = FREE ELECTIONS TO ! SOVIETS & = ! RELEASE ( >RE/$ SOCIALI/S & ( >RE/$ NONP>TY WORK]S & SOLDI]S4 ,!Y HAVE CALL$ = ! CONV5+1 ON ,M>* #a1 ( A NONP>TY CONF]5CE ( WORK]S1 R$ SOLDI]S & SAILORS TO DISCUSS ! CRITICAL SITUATION ( ,SOVIET ,RUSSIA4 

,A G5U9E WORK]S' P[] %\LD HAVE BE5 ABLE TO CL>IFY ! REAL CAUSES ( ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS4 ,IT %\LD HAVE DISCUSS$ ?+S OP5LY ) ! WORK]S & SAILORS ( ,KRON/ADT1 9 FRONT ( ! :OLE ( WORK+ CLASS ,RUSSIA4 ,9/EAD1 ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE PROCLAIM$ A /ATE ( SIEGE & HAVE MA*9E-GUNN$ ! SOLDI]S & SAILORS4 

,COMRADES1 WE CANNOT1 WE MU/ NOT JU/ SIT & LI/5 TO ! S\ND ( ! GUNS4 ,EA* SALVO MAY DE/ROY DOZ5S ( HUMAN LIVES4 ,WE MU/ 9T]V5E & PUT AN 5D TO ?IS MASSACRE4 

,9SI/ ?AT MILIT>Y OP]ATIONS AGA9/ ! SAILORS & WORK]S ( ,KRON/ADT BE 5D$ IMM$IATELY4 ,9SI/ ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T />T IMM$IATE NEGOTIATIONS ) ,KRON/ADT1 ) ! P>TICIPATION ( ,PETROGRAD FACTORY DELEGATES4 ,ELECT DELEGATES =?) TO P>TICIPATE 9 !SE DISCUSSIONS4 ,/OP ! SLAU<T]6' 

,! ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,M5%EVIKS HAD ALSO PUBLI%$ A LEAFLET4 ,?IS PROCLAIM$ ?AT ':AT WAS NECESS>Y WAS NOT A POLICY ( VIOL5CE T[>DS ! PEASANTRY BUT A POLICY ( CONCILIATION T[>DS IT4 ,P[] %\LD REALLY BE 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK+ MASSES4 ,TO ?IS 5D NEW & FREE ELECTIONS TO ! SOVIETS W]E ESS5TIAL4 ,:AT WAS NE$$ WAS ?AT ,WORK]S' ,DEMOCRACY1 MU* TALK$ AB\T BUT ( :I* ONE C\LDN'T SEE ! SLI<TE/ TRACE4' 

,SOZIALI/IT*5SKI ,VE/NIK1 ! (FICIAL ORGAN ( ,RUSSIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRACY 7PUBLI%$ ABROAD7 ASSESS$ ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION AS FOLL[S3 ',IT IS PRECISELY ! MASSES !MSELVES1 :O UNTIL N[ HAD SUPPORT$ BOL%EVISM1 :O HAVE N[ TAK5 ! 9ITIATIVE 9 A DECISIVE /MGGLE AGA9/ ! PRES5T REGIME4' ,! PAP] CONSID]$ ! ,KRON/ADT SLOGANS TO BE ,M5%EVIK ONES & ADD$ ?AT ,M5%EVIKS 'HAD ALL ! GREAT] RI<T TO BE PLEAS$ AB\T IT1 9 VIEW ( ! FACT ?AT !IR P>TY HAD PLAY$ NO ROLE 9 ! 9SURRECTION1 GIV5 ! TOTAL LACK ( ANY ,M5%EVIK ORGANIZATION 9 ! ,FLEET4' 

,M>TOV1 ! LEAD] ( ,RUSSIAN ,M5%EVISM WAS ALREADY \T ( ,RUSSIA4 ,9 AN >TICLE 9 ,FREIHEIT1 PUBLI%$ ON ,MAY #a/ #a#i#b#a1 HE D5I$ ?AT EI!R ,M5%EVIKS OR ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>IES HAD PLAY$ ANY P>T 9 ! 9SURRECTION4 ,! 9ITIATIVE1 HE FELT1 WAS COM+ FROM ! SAILORS :O W]E BREAK+ ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY AT ! ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL1 BUT NOT AT ! LEVEL ( PR9CIPLES4 

,P\KHOV QUOTES ANO!R LEAFLET SIGN$ BY ONE ( ! NUM]\S GR\PS ( ,M5%EVIKS4 ,IT SAID3 0,D[N ) ! LIES ( ! ,C\NT] ,REVOLUTION6 ,:]E >E ! REAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION>IES8 ,!Y >E ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 ! COMMISS>S1 ?OSE :O SPEAK ( 'SOVIET P[]8 ,AGA9/ !M ! REAL ,REVOLUTION IS RIS+ UP4 ,WE MU/ SUPPORT IT4 ,WE MU/ COME TO ! RESCUE ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,\R DUTY IS TO HELP ,KRON/ADT4 ,LONG LIVE ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,LONG LIVE ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY60 ,! ,M5%EVIK ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE DECL9$ ALL RESPONSIBILITY = SLOGANS PUT =W>D BY SU* DISSID5T GR\P+S4 

,! RI<T ,S4,R4S4 

,! CALL = ! CONV5+ ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY WAS ! C5TRAL !ME ( ! PROPAG&A ( ! ,RI<T W+ ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>IES4 ,9 ,REVOLUTZIONAIA ,ROSSIA1 !IR ,P>TY ORGAN 7:I* 9 ,M>* #aiba WAS BE+ PUBLI%$ ABROAD7 ,VICTOR ,T*]NOV4 EX-PRESID5T ( ! DISSOLV$ ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY & LEAD] ( ! ,RI<T ,S4,R4S4 WROTE3 ',ALL ?OSE :O WANT TO F9D A WAY \T ( ! DISGU/+1 BLOOD/A9$ ,BOL%EVIK DICTATOR%IP1 ALL ?OSE :O WI% TO TREAD ! PA? ( FRE$OM MU/ /& UP >\ND ,KRON/ADT & COME TO ITS HELP4 ,! CR[N ( DEMOCRACY MU/ BE ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY04 

,N[ ,T*]NOV WAS FULLY AW>E ?AT 9 ,NO4 #f ( ! ,KRON/ADT ,ISVE/IA ! REBEL SAILORS HAD WRITT5 ',! WORK]S & PEASANTS WILL GO =W>D4 ,!Y WILL LEAVE BEH9D !M ! ,UT*R$-,NIKA 7PEJORATIVE =M = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY7 & ITS B\RGEOIS REGIME4 ,!Y WILL ALSO LEAVE BEH9D !M ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY DICTATOR%IP ) ITS T*EKAS & ITS ,/ATE ,CAPITALISM1 :I* HAS SEIZ$ ! MASSES BY ! ?ROAT & IS ?REAT5+ TO ?ROTTLE !M40 ,:5 ,T*]NOV DISCUSS$ !SE L9ES ( ! ,KRON/ADT]S HE ATTRIBUT$ !M TO AN IDEOLOGICAL SURVIVAL ( PA/ ,BOL%EVIK 9FLU5CE4 

,BY P]SONAL & POLITICAL TEMP]AM5T1 ,T*]NOV WAS DIAMETRICALLY OPPOS$ TO ! ,M5%EVIKS4 ,) HIS POLITICAL FRI5DS HE LAUN*$ A PASSIONATE APPEAL TO ! SAILORS4 

',! ,BOL%EVIKS KILL$ ! CAUSE ( LIB]TY & DEMOCRACY :5 !Y C\NT]POIS$1 9 ! POPUL> M9D1 ! IDEA ( SOVIETS TO ! IDEA ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,9/EAD ( SEE+ ! SOVIETS AS A SUPPORT = ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 AS A P[]FUL L9K BETWE5 ! ,ASSEMBLY & ! C\NTRY1 !Y RAIS$ ! SOVIETS AGA9/ ! ,ASSEMBLY & !REBY KILL$ BO? ! SOVIETS & ! ,ASSEMBLY4 ,?IS IS :AT Y\ MU/ UND]/&1 DECEIV$ WORK]S1 SOLDI]S1 & SAILORS4 ,LET Y\R SLOGAN 0FREE ELECTIONS TO ! SOVIETS0 REV]B]ATE1 AS A CALL TO A M>* FROM ! SOVIETS TO ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY8 

,T*]NOV W5T EV5 FUR!R4 ,FROM A PRIVATE %IP HE S5T ! FOLL[+ RADIO MESSAGE TO ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE3 

,! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 ,VICTOR ,T*]NOV1 S5DS FRAT]NAL GREET+S TO ! H]OIC SAILOR1 SOLDI] & WORK] COMRADES :O1 = ! ?IRD TIME S9CE #a#i#e1 >E %AK+ (F ! YOKE ( TYRANNY4 ,ACT+ AS AN 9T]M$I>Y1 HE PROPOSES1 ) ! HELP ( ,RUSSIAN COOP]ATIVE ORGANIZATIONS N[ ABROAD1 TO S5D M5 TO 5SURE ! FE$+ ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,LET ME KN[ :AT Y\ NE$ & H[ MU* Y\ NE$4 ,I AM PREP>$ TO COME P]SONALLY & TO PLACE BO? MY =CES & MY AU?ORITY AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! POPUL> REVOLUTION4 ,I HAVE CONFID5CE 9 ! F9AL VICTORY ( ! WORK+ PEOPLE4 ,FROM EV]Y CORN] WE >E RECEIV+ NEWS ?AT ! MASSES >E READY & WILL+ TO RISE 9 ! NAME ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,DON'T BE TRAPP$ 9TO NEGOTIATIONS ) ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,!Y WILL ONLY 5T] 9TO SU* NEGOTIATIONS 9 ORD] TO GA9 TIME & TO CONC5TRATE >\ND ,KRON/ADT ?OSE =MATIONS ( ! PRIVILEG$ SOVIET MILIT>Y CORPS ( :I* !Y CAN BE SURE4 ,GLORY TO ?OSE :O W]E ! FIR/ TO RAISE ! FLAG ( POPUL> LIB]ATION4 ,D[N ) ! DESPOTISM ( BO? RI<T & LEFT4 ,LONG LIVE LIB]TY & DEMOCRACY4' 

,AT ! SAME TIME A SECOND APPEAL WAS S5T TO ,KRON/ADT BY SPECIAL C\RI]1 FROM ! 'DEPUTATION ABROAD ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY'3 

',! ,P>TY HAS AB/A9$ FROM ANY TYPE ( PUT*ISM4 ,9 ,RUSSIA IT HAS LATELY PUT ! BRAKES ON ! UPSURGES ( POPUL> ANG] :ILE FREQU5TLY TRY+1 ?R\< ! PRESSURE ( WORK] & PEASANT OP9ION1 TO COMPEL ! ,KREML9 DICTATORS TO CONC$E TO ! DEM&S ( ! PEOPLE4 ,BUT N[ ?AT POPUL> ANG] HAS OV]FL[$1 N[ ?AT ! FLAG ( POPUL> REVOLUTION HAS BE5 PR\DLY HOI/$ OV] ,KRON/ADT1 \R ,P>TY IS (F]+ ! REBELS ! HELP ( ALL ! =CES IT CAN MU/] 9 ! /RUGGLE = LIB]TY & DEMOCRACY4 ,! ,S4,R4S >E PREP>$ TO %>E Y\R FATE & TO W9 OR DIE 9 Y\R RANKS4 ,LET US KN[ H[ WE CAN HELP Y\4 ,LONG LIVE ! PEOPLE'S REVOLUTION4 ,LONG LIVE FREE SOVIETS & ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY6' 

,TO !SE CONCRETE PROPOSALS1 ,T*]NOV RECEIV$1 ON ,M>* #c #a#i#b#a1 ! FOLL[+ ANSW] BY RADIO3 

',! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE ( ! CITY ( ,KRON/ADT HAS RECEIV$ ! GREET+S ( COMRADE ,T*]NOV1 DISPAT*$ FROM ,REVAL4 ,TO ALL \R BRO!RS ABROAD WE EXPRESS \R GRATITUDE = !IR SYMPA?Y4 ,WE ?ANK ,COMRADE ,T*]NOV = SUGGE/IONS BUT ASK HIM NOT TO COME = ! TIME BE+ UNTIL ! MATT] HAS BE5 CL>IFI$4 ,= ! TIME BE+ WE >E NOT+ HIS PROPOSAL4 

,SIGN$3 ,PETRI*5KO ,PRESID5T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE4' 

,! ,BOL%EVIKS CLAIM ?AT ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE CONS5T$ 9 PR9CIPLE TO ,T*]NOV'S >RIVAL4 ,!Y ALSO CLAIM ?AT ,T*]NOV MADE HIS (F] TO S5D PROVISIONS TO ,KRON/ADT CONDITIONAL ON ! REBELS LAUN*+ ! SLOGAN ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY4 ,ON ,M>* #b1 #aiba ! COMMUNI/ ,KOM>OV DECL>$ AT A MEET+ ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET ?AT ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD ASK$ ,T*]NOV TO WAIT = #ab DAYS DUR+ :I* TIME ! FOOD SITUATION 9 ,KRON/ADT W\LD HAVE BECOME SU* ?AT IT W\LD BE POSSIBLE TO LAUN* ! SLOGAN ASK$ = BY ! ,S4,R4S4 ,KOM>OV CLAIM$ ?AT ?IS 9=MATION HAD BE5 OBTA9$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! CROSS-QUE/ION+ ( ,P]EPELK9 A MEMB] ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE :O HAD FALL5 9TO ,BOL%EVIK H&S4 ,P]EPELK9 WAS EV5 ALLEG$ TO HAVE SAID ?AT ! ,PRESID5T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE HAD SECRETLY S5T A POSITIVE ANSW] TO ,T*]NOV4 

,! SAILOR ,P]EPELK9 WAS %OT & HIS 'CONFESSIONS' CANNOT BE V]IFI$4 ,BUT 9 PRISON1 JU/ BE=E1 HE HAD MET ! ,M5%EVIK ,DAN & HAD M5TION$ NO SU* ?+ TO HIM AL?\< DUR+ !IR JO9T EX]CISE P]IODS ,P]EPELK9 HAD PROVID$ ,DAN ) MANY DETAILS CONC]N+ ! 9SURRECTION4 ,ONE IS L$ TO BELIEVE ?AT ALREADY 9 #a#i#b#a1 ,BOL%EVIK 'JU/ICE' KNEW H[ TO CONCOCT CONFESSIONS4 

,9 AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#f1 9 ,ZNAMIA ,BORBY1 ORGAN ( ! LEFT ,S4,R4S1 ,PETRI*5KO1 ,PRESID5T ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 CONFIRMS ! ANSW] GIV5 TO ,T*]NOV BY ! COMMITTEE4 ,HE EXPLA9S ?AT ! ,COMMITTEE ITSELF C\LD NOT DEAL ) ?IS QUE/ION4 ,IT PROPOS$ TO H& ! PROBLEM OV] TO ! NEWLY ELECT$ SOVIET4 ,PETRI*5KO ADDS ',I AM DESCRIB+ ?+S AS !Y TOOK PLACE 9 REALITY & 9DEP5D5T ( MY [N POLITICAL OP9ION4' ,AS = ,T*]NOV1 HE D5IES HAV+ POS$ CONDITIONS = ! REBELS4 ,HE CLAIMS OP5LY TO HAVE SUPPORT$ ! SLOGAN ( ! ,CON/ITU5T ,ASSEMBLY1 'CONV9C$ ?AT SOON] OR LAT] ! REBELS W\LD HAVE ADOPT$ IT4' 

,! LEFT ,S4,R4S4 

,9 ! ,JUNE #aiba ISSUE ( !IR PAP] ,ZNAMIA PUBLI%$ ABROAD1 ?IS IS H[ ! LEFT ,S4,R4S4 \TL9$ !IR PROGRAM3 

',! ESS5TIAL AIM ( ! LEFT 79T]NATIONALI/7 ,S4,R4 ,P>TY IS ! RECON/ITUTION ( ! SOVIETS & ! RE/ORATION ( G5U9E ,SOVIET P[]4444 ,WE >E AIM+ AT ! P]MAN5T REE/ABLI%M5T ( ! VIOLAT$ ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 AS ADOPT$ ON ,JUNE #a1 #a#i#a#h1 AT ! ,FIF? ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS4444 ! PEASANTRY1 :I* IS ! BACKBONE ( ! WORK+ POPULATION 9 ,RUSSIA1 %\LD HAVE ! RI<T TO DISPOSE ( ITS FATE4444 ANO!R ESS5TIAL DEM& IS ! REE/ABLI%M5T ( ! SELF-ACTIVITY & ( ! FREE 9ITIATIVE ( ! WORK]S 9 ! CITIES4 ,9T5SIVE LABOR CANNOT BE DEM&$ ( M5 :O >E />V+ & HALF DEAD4 ,FIR/ !Y MU/ BE F$ & TO ?IS 5D IT IS ESS5TIAL TO CO-ORD9ATE ! 9T]E/S ( WORK]S & PEASANTS4' 

,! SPIRIT ( ! ',PETROPAVLOVSK' ,RESOLUTION IS UND\BT$LY V]Y CLOSE TO ?AT ( ! LEFT ,S4,R4 PROGRAM4 ,! LEFT ,S4,R4S1 H[EV]1 D5Y P>TICIPATION 9 ! 9SURRECTION4 ,9 ! SAME ISSUE ( ,ZNAMIA ONE ( !IR ,MOSC[ CORRESPOND5TS WRITES3 ,G,B,P ,AT ,KRON/ADT1 !RE WASN'T A S+LE RESPONSIBLE REPRES5TATIVE ( LEFT POPULISM4 ,! :OLE MOVEM5T DEVELOP$ )\T \R P>TICIPATION4 ,AT ! ONSET WE W]E \TSIDE ( IT BUT IT WAS NEV]!LESS ESS5TIALLY LEFT POPULI/ 9 \TLOOK4 ,ITS SLOGANS & ITS MORAL OBJECTIVES >E V]Y CLOSE TO \R [N4' 

,9 ! WI% TO E/ABLI% HI/ORICAL TRU? WE WILL N[ QUOTE TWO FUR!R AU?ORIZ$ TE/IMONIES1 ?AT ( ,L59 & ?AT ( ! SAILOR ,PETRI*5KO1 ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! 9SURRECTION4 

,L59'S ,VIEWS 

,9 HIS >TICLE ',! ,TAX 9 ,K9D' ?IS IS :AT ,L59 HAS TO SAY AB\T ,KRON/ADT.<#b#b#d.>3 

',9 ! SPR+ ( #a#i#b#a1 MA9LY AS A RESULT ( ! FAILURE ( ! H>VE/ & ! DY+ ( CATTLE1 ! CONDITION ( ! PEASANTRY1 :I* WAS EXTREMELY BAD ALREADY AS A CONSEQU5CE ( ! W> & BLOCKADE1 BECAME V]Y MU* WORSE4 ,?IS RESULT$ 9 POLITICAL VACILLATION :I*1 G5]ALLY SPEAK+1 EXPRESSES ! V]Y 0NATURE0 ( ! SMALL PRODUC]4 ,! MO/ /RIK+ EXPRESSION ( ?IS VACILLATION WAS ! ,KRON/ADT MUT9Y4444 ,!RE WAS V]Y LITTLE ( ANY?+ ?AT WAS FULLY =M$1 CLE> & DEF9ITE4 ,WE HE>D NEBUL\S SLOGANS AB\T 0LIB]TY10 0FREE TRADE10 0EMANCIPATION FROM S]FDOM10 0,SOVIETS )\T ! ,BOL%EVIKS10 OR NEW ELECTIONS TO ! ,SOVIETS1 OR RELIEF FROM 0P>TY DICTATOR%IP10 & SO ON & SO =?4 ,BO? ! ,M5%EVIKS & ! ,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>IES DECL>$ ! ,KRON/ADT MOVEM5T TO BE 0!IR [N4'0 

,VICTOR ,*]NOV S5T A RUNN] TO ,KRON/ADT3 ON ! PROPOSAL ( ?IS RUNN]1 ! ,M5%EVIK ,VALK1 ONE ( ! ,KRON/ADT LEAD]S1 VOT$ = ! ',CON/ITU5T4' ,9 A FLA%1 ) RADIO-TELEGRAPHIC SPE$1 ONE MI<T SAY1 ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS MOBILIZ$ ALL !IR =CES '= ,KRON/ADT4' ,! ,:ITE ,GU>D MILIT>Y EXP]TS 9 ,KRON/ADT1 A NUMB] ( EXP]TS1 & NOT ,KOZLOVSKY ALONE1 DREW UP A PLAN = A L&+ ( =CES AT ,ORANI5BAUM1 A PLAN :I* FRI<T5$ ! VACILLAT+ ,M5%EVIK-,SOCIALI/-,REVOLUTION>Y NONP>TY MASSES4 

,MORE ?AN FIFTY ,RUSSIAN ,:ITE ,GU>D NEWSPAP]S PUBLI%$ ABROAD >E CONDUCT+ A FURI\S CAMPAIGN '= ,KRON/ADT4' ,! BIG BANKS1 ALL ! =CES ( F9ANCE CAPITAL1 >E COLLECT+ FUNDS TO ASSI/ ,KRON/ADT4 ,! WISE LEAD] ( ! B\RGEOISIE & ! L&LORDS1 ! ,CADET ,MILYUKOV1 IS PATI5TLY EXPLA9+ TO ! FOOL ,VICTOR ,*]NOV DIRECTLY 7& TO ,DAN & ,ROZHKOV :O >E 9 ,PETROGRAD JAIL = !IR CONNECTION ) ! ,KRON/ADT ,M5%EVIKS1 9DIRECTLY7 ?AT !Y NE$ BE 9 NO HURRY ) !IR ,CON/ITU5T1 & ?AT !Y CAN & MU/ SUPPORT ! ,SOVIETS ONLY )\T ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 

,( C\RSE1 IT IS EASY TO BE CLEV]] ?AN CONCEIT$ FOOLS LIKE ,*]NOV1 ! H]O ( PETTY-B\RGEOIS PHRASES1 OR LIKE ,M>TOV1 ! KNI<T ( PHILI/9E RE=MISM PA9T$ TO LOOK LIKE ',M>XISM4' ,PROP]LY SPEAK+1 ! PO9T IS NOT ?AT ,MILYUKOV1 AS AN 9DIVIDUAL1 IS CLEV]]1 BUT ?AT BECAUSE ( HIS CLASS POSITION ! P>TY LEAD] ( ! BIG B\RGEOISIE SEES1 UND]/&S ! CLASS ESS5CE & POLITICAL 9T]ACTION ( ?+S MORE CLE>LY ?AN ! LEAD]S ( ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 ! ,*]NOVS & ,M>TOVS4 ,! B\RGEOISIE IS REALLY A CLASS =CE :I* 9EVITABLY RULES UND] CAPITALISM1 BO? UND] A MON>*Y & 9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC1 & :I* ALSO 9EVITABLY 5JOYS ! SUPPORT ( ! WORLD B\RGEOISIE4 

,BUT ! PETTY B\RGEOISIE1 I4E44 ALL ! H]OES ( ! ,SECOND ,9T]NATIONAL & ( ! ',TWO-&-A-,HALF' ,9T]NATIONAL1 CANNOT1 BY ! V]Y ECONOMIC NATURE ( ! CASE1 BE ANY?+ ELSE ?AN ! EXPRESSION ( CLASS IMPOT5CE2 H5CE ! VACILLATION1 PHRASES & HELPLESSNESS4444 

,:5 9 HIS ,B]L9 ,J\RNAL ,M>TOV DECL>$ ?AT ,KRON/ADT NOT ONLY ADOPT$ ,M5%EVIK SLOGANS BUT ALSO PROV$ ?AT AN ANTI-,BOL%EVIK MOVEM5T WAS POSSIBLE :I* DID NOT 5TIRELY S]VE ! 9T]E/S ( ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS1 ! CAPITALI/S & ! L&LORDS1 HE S]V$ AS AN EXAMPLE ( A CONCEIT$ PHILI/9E ,N>CISSUS4 ,HE SAID 9 EFFECT3 ',LET US CLOSE \R EYES TO ! FACT ?AT ALL ! REAL ,:ITE ,GU>DS GREET$ ! ,KRON/ADT MUT9E]S & ?R\< ! BANKS COLLECT$ FUNDS 9 AID ( ,KRON/ADT6' ,MILYUKOV IS RI<T COMP>$ ) ! ,*]NOVS & ,M>TOVS1 = HE PROPOSES REAL TACTICS = A REAL ,:ITE ,GU>D ,=CE1 ! =CE ( ! CAPITALI/S & L&LORDS4 ,HE SAYS 9 EFFECT3 ',IT DOES NOT MATT] :OM WE SUPPORT1 EV5 ! AN>*I/S1 ANY SORT ( ,SOVIET GOV]NM5T1 AS LONG AS ! ,BOL%EVIKS >E OV]?R[N1 AS LONG AS %IFT+ ( P[] CAN BE BR\<T AB\T6 ,IT MAKES NO DIFF]5CE1 TO ! ,RI<T OR TO ! ,LEFT1 TO ! ,M5%EVIKS OR TO ! AN>*I/S1 AS LONG AS P[] %IFTS AWAY FROM ! ,BOL%EVIKS4' ,AS = ! RE/ --'WE1' ! ,MILYUKOVS1 WE %ALL GIVE ! AN>*I/S1 ! ,*]NOVS & ! ,M>TOVS A GOOD SLAPP+ & KICK !M \T AS WAS DONE TO ,*]NOV & ,MAISKY 9 ,SIB]IA1 TO ! ,HUNG>IAN ,*]NOVS & ,M>TOVS 9 ,HUNG>Y1 TO ,KAUTSKY 9 ,G]MANY & ,FRI$RI* ,ADL] & ,CO4 9 ,VI5NA4 ,! REAL1 PRACTICAL B\RGEOISIE FOOL$ HUNDR$S ( !SE PHILI/9E ,N>CISSUSES3 ! ,M5%EVIKS1 ,SOCIALI/,REVOLUTION>IES & NONP>TY PEOPLE1 & KICK$ !M \T SCORES ( TIMES 9 ALL REVOLUTIONS 9 ALL C\NTRIES4 ,?IS IS PROV$ BY HI/ORY4 ,IT IS CORROBORAT$ BY FACTS4 ,! ,N>CISSUSES WILL *ATT]2 ! ,MILYUKOVS & ,:ITE ,GU>DS WILL ACT4444 

,! EV5TS ( ! SPR+ ( #aiba ONCE AGA9 REVEAL$ ! ROLE ( ! ,SOCIALI/,REVOLUTION>IES & ,M5%EVIKS3 !Y >E HELP+ ! VACILLAT+ PETTYB\RGEOIS ELEM5T TO RECOIL FROM ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 TO CAUSE A '%IFT+ ( P[]' = ! B5EFIT ( ! CAPITALI/S & L&LORDS4 ,! ,M5%EVIKS & ,SOCIALI/,REVOLUTION>IES HAVE N[ LE>N$ TO DISGUISE !MSELVES AS 'NONP>TY4' 

,PETRI*5KO'S ,EVID5CE 

,WE WILL F9ALLY QUOTE ! MA9 PASSAGES ( ,PETRI*5KO'S EVID5CE1 AS PUBLI%$ 9 HIS >TICLE 9 ! LEFT ,S4,R4 PAP] ,ZNAMIA ,BORBY1 ,9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#f3 

',I HAVE READ ! LETT]S EX*ANG$ BETWE5 ! LEFT ,S4,R4 ORGANIZATION & ! ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/S4 ,9 ?IS CORRESPOND5CE ! QUE/ION ( ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION ( #aiba IS RAIS$444 

,AS ,I WAS ! ,PRESID5T .<( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE.> ,I FEEL IT A MORAL OBLIGATION BRIEFLY TO ?R[ SOME LI<T ON !SE EV5TS = ! B5EFIT ( ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU ( ! ,BRITI% ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,I KN[ Y\ GET Y\R 9=MATION FROM ,MOSC[4 ,I ALSO KN[ ?AT ?IS 9=MATION IS ONE-SID$ & BIAS$4 ,IT W\LDN'T BE A BAD ?+ IF Y\ W]E %[N ! O!R SIDE ( ! CO94444 

,Y\ HAVE Y\RSELVES ADMITT$ ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION ( #aiba WAS NOT 9SPIR$ FROM ! \TSIDE4 ,?IS RECOGNITION IMPLIES ?AT ! PATI5CE ( ! WORK+ MASSES1 SAILORS1 R$ SOLDI]S1 WORK]S & PEASANTS HAD REA*$ ITS F9AL LIMIT4 

,POPUL> ANG] AGA9/ ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY--OR RA!R AGA9/ ITS BUREAUCRACY--TOOK ! =M ( AN 9SURRECTION4 ,?IS IS H[ PRECI\S BLOOD CAME TO BE SPILL$4 ,!RE WAS NO QUE/ION ( CLASS OR CA/E DIFF]5CES4 ,!RE W]E WORK]S ON BO? SIDES ( ! B>RICADES4 ,! DIFF]5CE LAY 9 ! FACT ?AT ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT M>*$ =W>D CONSCI\SLY & ( !IR [N FREE WILL1 :ILE ?OSE :O W]E ATTACK+ !M HAD BE5 MISL$ BY ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY LEAD]S & SOME W]E EV5 ACT+ AGA9/ !IR [N WI%ES4 ,I CAN TELL Y\ EV5 MORE3 ! ,KRON/ADT]S DIDN'T 5JOY TAK+ UP >MS & SPILL+ BLOOD6 

,:AT HAPP5$ !N TO =CE ! ,KRON/ADT]S TO SPEAK ! LANGUAGE ( GUNS ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY BOSSES1 D>+ TO CALL !MSELVES A 0,WORK]S & ,PEASANTS ,GOV]NM5T08 

,! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS HAD TAK5 AN ACTIVE P>T 9 ! CREATION ( SU* A GOV]NM5T4 ,!Y HAD PROTECT$ IT AGA9/ ALL ! ATTACKS ( ! ,C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,!Y NOT ONLY PROTECT$ ! GATES ( ,PETROGRAD--! HE>T ( ! WORLD REVOLUTION--BUT !Y ALSO =M$ MILIT>Y DETA*M5TS = ! 9NUM]ABLE FRONTS AGA9/ ! ,:ITE ,GU>DS1 />T+ ) ,KORNILOV & F9I%+ ) ,G5]ALS ,Y\DI5IT* & ,NEKLI\DOV4 

,Y\ >E ASK$ TO BELIEVE ?AT !SE SAME ,KRON/ADT]S HAD SUDD5LY BECOME ! 5EMIES ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,! 0,WORK]S & ,PEASANTS0 ,GOV]NM5T D5\NC$ ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS AS AG5TS ( ! ,5T5TE1 AS ,FR5* SPIES1 AS SUPPORT]S ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 AS ,S4,R4S1 AS ,M5%EVIKS1 ETC41 ETC4 ,IT IS A/\ND+ ?AT ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT %\LD SUDD5LY HAVE BECOME DANG]\S 5EMIES JU/ :5 REAL DANG] FROM ! G5]ALS ( ! >M$ C\NT]-REVOLUTION HAD DISAPPE>$--JU/ :5 ! REBUILD+ ( ! C\NTRY HAD TO BE TACKL$--JU/ :5 PEOPLE W]E ?9K+ ( TA/+ ! FRUITS ( ,OCTOB]--JU/ :5 IT WAS A QUE/ION ( %[+ ! GOODS 9 !IR TRUE COLOR1 ( %[+ ONE'S POLITICAL BAGGAGE 7I4E4 :5 IT WAS NO LONG] A QUE/ION ( MAK+ PROMISES BUT ( /ICK+ TO !M74 ,PEOPLE W]E BEG9N+ TO DRAW UP A BALANCE %EET ( REVOLUTION>Y A*IEVEM5TS4 ,WE HADN'T D>$ DREAM AB\T ?IS DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,YET IT IS JU/ AT ?IS PO9T 9 TIME ?AT ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT W]E F\ND TO BE 5EMIES4 ,:AT CRIME HAD ,KRON/ADT1 !RE=E1 COMMITT$ AGA9/ ! REVOLUTION8 

,AS ! ,CIVIL ,W> SUBSID$1 ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S ?\<T IT !IR RI<T TO REM9D ! ,SOVIET ( ?AT T[N ?AT ! TIME HAD COME TO REMEMB] !IR ECONOMIC PLI<T & TO PASS FROM A W> REGIME TO A REGIME ( PEACE4 

,! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET CONSID]$ ?IS H>MLESS & ESS5TIAL DEM& TO BE C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IT NOT ONLY REMA9$ DEAF & DUMB TO !SE CLAIMS BUT IT />T$ RESORT+ TO HOME SE>*ES & >RE/S ( WORK]S1 DECL>+ !M SPIES & AG5TS ( ! ,5T5TE4 ,!SE BUREAUCRATS BECAME CORRUPT DUR+ ! ,CIVIL ,W> AT A TIME :5 NO ONE D>$ RESI/ !M4 ,!Y HADN'T NOTIC$ ?AT ! SITUATION HAD *ANG$4 

,! WORK]S ANSW]$ BY RESORT+ TO /RIKES4 ,! FURY ( ! ,PETROGRAD ,SOVIET !N BECAME LIKE ! FURY ( A WILD ANIMAL4 ,ASSI/$ BY ,ITS ,OPRIT*NIKS IT KEPT ! WORK]S HUNGRY & EXHAU/$4.<#b#b#e.> ,IT HELD !M 9 AN IRON GRIP1 DRIV+ !M TO WORK BY ALL K9DS ( CON/RA9T4 ,! ,R$ SOLDI]S & SAILORS1 DESPITE !IR SYMPA?Y ) ! WORK]S1 DIDN'T D>E RISE 9 !IR DEF5SE4 ,BUT ?IS TIME ! 0WORK]S0 & 0PEASANTS0 ,GOV]NM5T CAME UN/UCK AB\T ,KRON/ADT4 

,SOME:AT BELAT$LY ,KRON/ADT HAD LE>N$ AB\T ! TRUE /ATE ( AFFAIRS 9 ,PETROGRAD4 

,Y\ >E !RE=E RI<T1 ,BRITI% COMRADES1 :5 Y\ SAY ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT WAS NOT ! RESULT ( ! ACTIVITIES ( ANY ONE P>TICUL> P]SON4 

,FUR!RMORE ,I W\LD LIKE Y\ TO KN[ MORE AB\T ! ALLEG$ SUPPORT TO ,KRON/ADT ( C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y =EIGN & ,RUSSIAN ORGANIZATIONS6 ,I REPEAT AGA9 ?AT ! UPRIS+ WAS NOT PROVOK$ BY ANY POLITICAL ORGANIZATION4 ,I D\BT !Y EV5 EXI/$ AT ,KRON/ADT4 ,! REVOLT BROKE \T SPONTANE\SLY4 ,IT EXPRESS$ ! WI%ES ( ! MASSES !MSELVES1 BO? ! CIVILIAN POPULATION & ! G>RISON4 ,?IS IS SE5 9 ! RESOLUTIONS ADOPT$ & 9 ! COMPOSITION ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE1 :]E ONE CANNOT DETECT ! DOM9ANT 9FLU5CE ( ANY ANTI-SOVIET P>TY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! ,KRON/ADT]S ANY ?+ ?AT HAPP5$ OR WAS DONE !RE WAS DICTAT$ BY ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! MOM5T4 ,! REBELS DIDN'T PLACE !IR FAI? 9 ANYONE4 ,!Y DIDN'T EV5 PLACE IT 9 ! H&S ( ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE OR 9 ! H&S ( ! ASSEMBLIES ( DELEGATES1 OR 9 ! H&S ( MEET+S1 OR ANY:]E ELSE4 ,!RE WAS NO QUE/ION AB\T ?IS4 ,! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE NEV] ATTEMPT$ ANY?+ 9 ?IS DIRECTION1 AL?\< IT C\LD HAVE DONE4 ,! ,COMMITTEE'S ONLY CONC]N WAS /RICTLY TO IMPLEM5T ! WI%ES ( ! PEOPLE4 ,WAS ?AT A GOOD ?+ OR A BAD ?+8 ,I CANNOT PASS JUDGM5T4 

,! TRU? IS ?AT ! MASSES L$ ! ,COMMITTEE & NOT ! O!R WAY R\ND4 ,AMONG US !RE W]E NO WELL-KN[N POLITICAL FIGURES1 ( ! K9D :O SEE EV]Y?+ ?REE >*9ES DEEP & KN[ ALL ?AT NE$S TO BE DONE1 & H[ TO GET ! MO/ \T ( EV]Y SITUATION4.<#b#b#f.> ,! ,KRON/ADT]S ACT$ )\T PR$ET]M9$ PLANS OR PROGRAM1 FEEL+ !IR WAY ACCORD+ TO CIRCUM/ANCES & )9 ! CONTEXT ( ! RESOLUTIONS !Y HAD ADOPT$4 ,WE W]E CUT (F FROM ! 5TIRE WORLD4 ,WE DIDN'T KN[ :AT WAS GO+ ON \TSIDE ,KRON/ADT1 EI!R 9 ,RUSSIA OR ABROAD4 ,SOME MAY POSSIBLY HAVE DRAWN UP !IR [N BLUEPR9TS = \R 9SURRECTION AS USUALLY HAPP5S4 ,!Y W]E WA/+ !IR TIME4 ,IT IS FRUITLESS TO SPECULATE AS TO :AT W\LD HAVE HAPP5$ IF ?+S HAD EVOLV$ DIFF]5TLY1 = ! TURN ( EV5TS ITSELF MI<T HAVE BE5 QUITE DIFF]5T FROM :AT WE W]E ANTICIPAT+4 ,ONE ?+ IS C]TA91 ! ,KRON/ADT]S DIDN'T WANT ! 9ITIATIVE TO PASS \T ( !IR H&S4 

,9 !IR PUBLICATIONS ! ,COMMUNI/S ACCUSE US ( ACCEPT+ AN (F] ( FOOD & M$IC9E FROM ! ,RUSSIAN ,R$ ,CROSS1 9 ,F9L&4 ,WE ADMIT WE SAW NO?+ WRONG 9 ACCEPT+ SU* AN (F]4 ,BO? ! ,PROVISIONAL ,REVOLUTION>Y ,COMMITTEE & ! ASSEMBLY ( DELEGATES AGRE$ TO IT4 ,WE FELT ?AT ! ,R$ ,CROSS WAS A PHILAN?ROPIC ORGANIZATION1 (F]+ US DIS9T]E/$ HELP ?AT C\LD DO US NO H>M4 ,:5 WE DECID$ TO ALL[ ! ,R$ ,CROSS DELEGATION TO 5T] ,KRON/ADT WE LEAD !M BL9DFOLD$ TO \R HEAD-QU>T]S4 ,AT \R FIR/ MEET+ WE 9=M$ !M ?AT WE GRATEFULLY ACCEPT$ !IR (F] ( HELP AS COM+ FROM A PHILAN?ROPIC ORGANIZATION1 BUT ?AT WE CONSID]$ \RSELVES FREE ( ANY UND]TAK+S T[>DS !M4 ,WE ACCEPT$ !IR REQUE/ TO LEAVE A P]MAN5T REPRES5TATIVE 9 ,KRON/ADT1 TO WAT* OV] ! REGUL> DI/RIBUTION TO WOM5 & *ILDR5 ( ! RATIONS :I* !Y W]E PROPOS+ TO S5D US4 

,!IR REPRES5TATIVE1 A RETIR$ NAVAL (FIC] CALL$ ,VILK51 REMA9$ 9 ,KRON/ADT4 ,HE WAS PUT 9 A P]MAN5TLY GU>D$ FLAT & C\LDN'T EV5 /EP \TSIDE )\T \R P]MISSION4 ,:AT DANG] C\LD ?IS MAN HAVE REPRES5T$8 ,ALL HE C\LD SEE WAS ! RESOLVE ( ! G>RISON & ( ! CIVILIAN POPULATION ( ,KRON/ADT4 

,WAS ?IS ! 0AID ( ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE08 ,OR DID ?IS AID P]HAPS LIE 9 ! FACT ?AT ,VICTOR ,T*]NOV HAD S5T US HIS GREET+S8 ,WAS ?IS ! 0SUPPORT ( BO? ! ,RUSSIAN & 9T]NATIONAL C\NT]-REVOLUTION08 ,CAN Y\ REALLY BELIEVE ?AT ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT W]E READY TO ?R[ !MSELVES 9TO ! EMBRACE ( ANY ANTI-SOVIET P>TY8 ,REMEMB] ?AT :5 ! REBELS LE>N$ ?AT ! RI<T W+ WAS BEG9N+ TO DEVISE PLANS AB\T !IR 9SURRECTION !Y DIDN'T HESITATE TO W>N ! WORK]S AB\T IT4 ,REMEMB] ! >TICLE ( ,M>* #f 9 ! ,KRON/ADT ,ISVE/IA1 5TITL$ 0G5TLEM5 OR COMRADES4'0 

#i4 ,KRON/ADT3 LA/ UPSURGE ( ! ,SOVIETS 

,?IS LUXURY WAS REALLY ABSOLUTELY IMP]MISSIBLE4 ,BY P]MITT+ 7SIC67 SU* A DISCUSSION 7ON ! TRADE UNIONS7 WE UND\BT$LY MADE A MI/AKE & FAIL$ TO SEE ?AT 9 ?IS DISCUSSION A QUE/ION CAME TO ! =EFRONT :I*1 BECAUSE ( ! OBJECTIVE CONDITIONS1 %\LD NOT HAVE BE5 9 ! =EFRONT4 --,L594 ,REPORT TO #a? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS1 ,M>* #h1 #a#i#b#a4 ,SELECT$ ,WORKS1 ,VOL4 ,I,X1 P4 #i4 

,:AT ! REBELS ( ,KRON/ADT DEM&$ WAS ONLY :AT ,TROTSKY HAD PROMIS$ !IR ELD] BRO!RS & :AT HE & ! ,P>TY HAD BE5 UNABLE TO GIVE4 ,ONCE AGA9 A BITT] & HO/ILE E*O ( HIS [N VOICE CAME BACK TO HIM FROM ! LIPS ( O!R PEOPLE1 & ONCE AGA9 HE HAD TO SUPPRESS$ IT4 --,ISAAC ,DEUTS*]1 ,! ,PROPHET ,>M$1 P4 #e#a#b-#c4 

,TROTSKY'S ,ACCUSATIONS 

,TAK+ EV]Y?+ 9TO ACC\NT1 :AT WAS ! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+8 ,WAS IT A C\NT]-REVOLUTION>Y 9SURRECTION8 ,WAS IT A REVOLT )\T CONSCI\S C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES1 BUT :I* WAS B\ND TO OP5 ! DOORS TO ! C\NT]REVOLUTION8 ,OR WAS IT SIMPLY AN ATTEMPT BY ! WORK+ MASSES TO MAT]IALIZE SOME ( ! PROMISE ( ,OCTOB]8 ,WAS ! REVOLT 9EVITABLE8 ,& WAS ! BLOODY 5D TO :I* IT CAME ALSO 9EVITABLE8 ,WE WILL CONCLUDE BY TRY+ TO ANSW] !SE QUE/IONS4 

,! ACCUSATIONS MADE AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 #aiba >E EXACTLY ! SAME AS ?OSE M5TION$ LAT] BY ! ,/AL9I/ HI/ORIAN ,P\KHOV1 9 HIS BOOK PUBLI%$ 9 #a#i#c#a4 ,TROTSKY REPEAT$ !M4 ,! TROTSKYI/S /ILL REPEAT !M TODAY4 

,TROTSKY'S ATTITUDE ON ?IS QUE/ION WAS H[EV] ALWAYS SOME:AT EMB>RASS$ & AWKW>D4 ,HE W\LD ISSUE HIS ACCUSATIONS BY ! DROPP] 9/EAD ( PROCLAIM+ !M ONCE & = ALL4 ,9 #a#i#c#g1 :5 HE DISCUSS$ ,KRON/ADT = ! FIR/ TIME 9 WRIT+ 79 HIS BOOKS ON ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION HE H>DLY EV] DEALT ) ! SUBJECT7 HE />TS BY SAY+ ?AT ,! C\NTRY WAS HUNGRY1 & ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS W]E DEM&+ PRIVILEGES4 ,! MUT9Y WAS MOTIVAT$ BY !IR WI% = PRIVILEG$ RATIONS4'.<#b#b#g.> ,SU* A DEM& WAS NEV] PUT =W>D BY ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,9 HIS LAT] WRIT+S ,TROTSKY1 HAV+ D\BTLESS TAK5 C>E TO READ MORE ON ! MATT]1 WAS TO AB&ON ?IS P>TICUL> ACCUSATION4 ,:AT REMA9S1 H[EV]1 IS ?AT HE />T$ HIS PUBLIC ACCUSATIONS ) A LIE4 

,9 AN >TICLE 9 ! ,BELGIAN PAP] ,LUTTE ,\VRI]E 7,FEBRU>Y #b#f1 #a#i#c#h7 ,TROTSKY WROTE3 

',FROM A CLASS PO9T ( VIEW1 :I*--NO (F5SE TO ! ECLECTICS--REMA9S ! FUNDAM5TAL CRIT]ION BO? 9 POLITICS & 9 HI/ORY1 IT IS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO COMP>E ! CONDUCT ( ,KRON/ADT ) ?AT ( ,PETROGRAD DUR+ !SE CRITICAL DAYS4 ,9 ,PETROGRAD TOO ! :OLE LEAD+ /RATUM ( ! WORK+ CLASS HAD BE5 SKIMM$ (F4 ,FAM9E & COLD REIGN$ 9 ! AB&ON$ CAPITAL1 EV5 MORE CRUELLY ?AN 9 ,MOSC[444 ,! PAP] ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS SPOKE ( B>RICADES 9 ,PETROGRAD1 ( ?\S&S ( PEOPLE KILL$4.<#b#b#h.> ,! ,PRESS ( ! :OLE WORLD WAS ANN\NC+ ! SAME ?+4 ,9 FACT ! EXACT OPPOSITE TOOK PLACE4 ,! ,KRON/ADT UPRIS+ DID NOT ATTRACT ! WORK]S ( ,PETROGRAD4 ,IT REPELL$ !M4 ,! DEM>CATION TOOK PLACE ALONG CLASS L9ES4 ,! WORK]S IMM$IATELY FELT ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS W]E ON ! O!R SIDE ( ! B>RICADE & !Y GAVE !IR SUPPORT TO ! ,GOV]NM5T4' 

,H]E AGA9 ,TROTSKY IS SAY+ ?+S :I* >E QUITE UNTRUE4 ,E>LI] ON WE %[$ H[ ! WAVE ( /RIKES HAD />T$ 9 ,PETROGRAD & H[ ,KRON/ADT HAD FOLL[$ SUIT4 ,IT WAS AGA9/ ! /RIK]S ( ,PETROGRAD ?AT ! ,GOV]NM5T HAD TO ORGANIZE A SPECIAL ,G5]AL ,/AFF3 ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,DEF5SE4 ,! REPRESSION WAS FIR/ DIRECT$ AGA9/ ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S & AGA9/ !IR DEMON/RATIONS1 BY ! DISPAT* ( >M$ DETA*M5TS ( ,K\RSANTYS4.<#b#b#i.> 

,BUT ! WORK]S ( ,PETROGRAD HAD NO WEAPONS4 ,!Y C\LD NOT DEF5D !MSELVES AS C\LD ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS4 ,! MILIT>Y REPRESSION DIRECT$ AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT C]TA9LY 9TIMIDAT$ ! ,PETROGRAD WORK]S4 ,! DEM>CATION DID NOT TAKE PLACE 'ALONG CLASS L9ES' BUT ACCORD+ TO ! RESPECTIVE /R5G?S ( ! ORGANS ( REPRESSION4 ,! FACT ?AT ! WORK]S ( ,PETROGRAD DID NOT FOLL[ ?OSE ( ,KRON/ADT DOES NOT PROVE ?AT !Y DID NOT SYMPA?IZE ) !M4 ,NOR1 AT A LAT] DATE1 :5 ! ,RUSSIAN PROLET>IAT FAIL$ TO FOLL[ ! V>I\S 'OPPOSITIONS' DID ?IS PROVE ?AT !Y W]E 9 AGREEM5T ) ,/AL96 ,9 SU* 9/ANCES IT WAS A QUE/ION ( ! RESPECTIVE /R5G?S ( ! =CES CONFRONT+ ONE ANO!R4 

,9 ! SAME >TICLE ,TROTSKY REPEATS HIS PO9TS CONC]N+ ! EXHAU/ION ( ,KRON/ADT1 FROM ! REVOLUTION>Y PO9T ( VIEW4 ,HE CLAIMS ?AT1 :]EAS ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS ( #aiag & #aiah W]E IDEOLOGICALLY AT A MU* HI<] LEVEL ?AN ! ,R$ ,>MY1 ! CONTR>Y WAS ! CASE BY #a#i#b#a4 ,?IS >GUM5T IS REFUT$ BY (FICIAL ,R$ ,>MY DOCUM5TS4 ,!SE ADMIT ?AT ! FRAME ( M9D ( ,KRON/ADT HAD 9FECT$ L>GE LAY]S ( ! >MY4 

,TROTSKY D5\NCES ?OSE :O ATTACK HIM OV] ,KRON/ADT OV] ! BELAT$NESS ( !IR /RICTURES4 ',! CAMPAIGN >\ND ,KRON/ADT' HE SAYS 'IS CONDUCT$1 9 C]TA9 PLACES1 ) UNREL5T+ 5]GY4 ,ONE MI<T IMAG9E ?AT EV5TS TOOK PLACE YE/]DAY & NOT SEV5TE5 YE>S AGO4' ,BUT SEV5TE5 YE>S IS A V]Y %ORT P]IOD1 ON ANY HI/ORICAL SCALE4 ,WE DON'T ACCEPT ?AT TO SPEAK ( ,KRON/ADT IS TO 'EVOKE ! DAYS ( ! ,EGYPTIAN ,PH>AOHS4' ,MOREOV] IT APPE>S LOGICAL TO US TO SEEK SOME ( ! ROOTS ( ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN CATA/ROPHE 9 ?IS /RIK+ & SYMPTOMATIC EPISODE4 ,AFT] ALL IT TOOK PLACE AT A TIME :5 ! REPRESSION ( ! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S WAS NOT BE+ P]PETRAT$ BY SOME ,/AL9 OR O!R BUT BY ! FL[] ( ,BOL%EVISM1 BY ,L59 & ,TROTSKY !MSELVES4 ,S]I\SLY TO DISCUSS ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT IS !RE=E NOT1 AS ,TROTSKY CLAIMS1 'TO BE 9T]E/$ 9 DISCR$IT+ ! ONLY G5U9ELY REVOLUTION>Y T5D5CY1 ! ONLY T5D5CY NEV] TO HAVE R5EG$ ITS FLAG1 NEV] TO HAVE COMPROMIS$ ) ! 5EMY1 ! ONLY T5D5CY TO REPRES5T ! FUTURE4' 

,DUR+ ! SUBSEQU5T SEV5TE5 YE>S ,TROTSKY %$ NONE ( HIS HO/ILITY T[>DS ! REBELS4 ,LACK+ >GUM5TS HE RESORTS TO GOSSIP4 ,HE TELLS US ?AT 'AT ,KRON/ADT1 :]E ! G>RISON WAS DO+ NO?+ & ONLY LIV+ ON ITS PA/1 DEMORALIZATION HAD REA*$ IMPORTANT PROPORTIONS4 ,:5 ! SITUATION BECAME P>TICUL>LY DIFFICULT 9 FAMI%$ ,PETROGRAD1 ! ,POLITICAL ,BUREAU DISCUSS$ SEV]AL TIMES :E!R TO RAISE AN 9T]NAL LOAN 9 ,KRON/ADT1 :]E !RE /ILL REMA9$ OLD /ORES ( ALL SORTS4 ,BUT ! ,PETROGRAD DELEGATES W\LD ANSW]3 

0,!Y WILL GIVE US NO?+ ( !IR [N FREE WILL4 ,!Y SPECULATE ON CLO?1 COAL1 BREAD1 = 9 ,KRON/ADT ALL ! OLD SCUM HAS RAIS$ ITS HEAD AGA960' 

,?IS >GUM5T CONC]N+ 'OLD /ORES ( ALL SORTS' IS 9 BAD FAI?4 ,ONE NE$ ONLY RECALL ! ULTIMATUM TO ! ,KRON/ADT]S ISSU$ BY ! ,PETROGRAD ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE ON ,M>* #e? 7REF]R$ TO ELSE:]E73 0,Y\ WILL BE OBLIG$ TO SURR5D]4 ,KRON/ADT HAS NEI!R BREAD NOR FUEL40 ,:AT HAD HAPP5$ 9 ! MEANTIME TO ! SAID OLD /ORIES8 

,FUR!R 9=MATION ON ?IS TOPIC COMES FROM ! ,KRON/ADT ,IVE/IA4 ,IT DESCRIBES ! DI/RIBUTION TO *ILDR5 ( ONE P\ND ( DRI$ POTATOES ON PRES5TATION ( RATION V\*]S #e & #f4 ,ON ,M>* #h?1 F\R LIT]S ( OATS W]E DI/RIBUT$ TO LA/ F\R DAYS--& ON ,M>* #i? A QU>T] ( A P\ND ( BLACK BISCUIT MADE ( FL\R & DRI$ POTATO P[D]4 ,ON ,M>* #a? ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ,METALWORK]S DECID$ TO PLACE AT ! DISPOSAL ( ! COMMUNITY ! HORSE MEAT TO :I* ITS MEMB]S W]E 5TITL$4 ,DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION !RE WAS ALSO DI/RIBUT$ A T9 ( COND5S$ MILK P] P]SON1 ON ONE OCCASION SOME MEAT PRES]VES1 & F9ALLY 7TO *ILDR5 ONLY71 HALF A P\ND ( BUTT]4 

,?AT NO D\BT IS :AT ,TROTSKY REF]S TO AS 0OLD /ORES ( ALL SORTS06 ,ACCORD+ TO HIM !SE MI<T HAVE BE5 BORR[$ TO ALLEVIATE ! GREAT ,RUSSIAN FAM9E4 ,WE %\LD ADD ?AT BE=E ! 9SURRECTION !SE 0/ORES0 W]E 9 ! H&S ( COMMUNI/ FUNCTION>IES & ?AT IT WAS UPON !SE PEOPLE ALONE ?AT CONS5T TO ! PROPOS$ 0LOAN0 DEP5D$4 ,! RANK & FILE SAILOR1 :O TOOK P>T 9 ! 9SURRECTION1 HAD NO MEANS OP5 TO HIM :]EBY HE C\LD HAVE OPPOS$ ! LOAN1 EV5 IF HE HAD WANT$ TO4 ,SO MU* = ! QUE/ION ( 0/ORES0--:I* 9 PASS+ %[S ! WOR? ( SOME ( ! ACCUSATIONS US$ AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT4 

,TO RESORT TO SU* >GUM5TS 9 ! C\RSE ( A S]I\S DISCUSSION 7& CONSCI\SLY TO SUB/ITUTE = SU* A DISCUSSION A POLEMIC AB\T ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION7 %[S UP A S]I\S FLAW3 ! ABS5CE ( VALID >GUM5TS ON ! MATT] AMONG ! ,BOL%EVIKS 7= ,TROTSKY ISN'T ! C5TRAL FIGURE 9 ! REPRESSION ( ,KRON/ADT74 ,L59 & ! ,POLITBUREAU DIRECT$ ! :OLE OP]ATION4 ,! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION MU/ ALSO %\LD] ITS %>E ( RESPONSIBILITY4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! P]SONAL TE/IMONY ( =EIGN ,COMMUNI/S RESID+ 9 ,RUSSIA AT ! TIME1 ! ,WORK]S' ,OPPOSITION DIDN'T AGREE ) ! MEASURES BE+ TAK5 AGA9/ ! REBELS4 ,BUT NEI!R DID IT D>E OP5 ITS M\? = ! DEF5SE ( ,KRON/ADT4 ,AT ! #a? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS NO ONE PROTE/$ AT ! BUT*]Y ( ! REBELS4 ,! WORK] ,LUTOV9OV1 A WELL KN[N MEMB] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,EXECUTIVE ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,SOVIETS & ONE ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,WORK]S ,OPPOSITION1 WAS S5T TO ,B]L9 9 ,M>* #aiba ON A DIPLOMATIC MISSION 79 REALITY ?IS WAS A =M ( POLITICAL EXILE74 ,HE DECL>$ ?AT3 ',! NEWS PUBLI%$ ABROAD CONC]N+ ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS WAS GREATLY EXAGG]AT$4 ,! ,SOVIET ,GOV]NM5T IS /RONG 5\< TO F9I% (F ! REBELS4 ,! SL[NESS ( ! OP]ATION IS TO BE EXPLA9$ BY ! FACT ?AT WE WI% TO SP>E ! POPULATION ( ,KRON/ADT0 7,L',HUMANITE4 ,M>* #a#h1 #a#i#b#a74 .<#b#c.> 

,TROTSKY USES YET ANO!R >GUM5T AGA9/ ! REBELS3 HE ACCUSES !M ( SEEK+ TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y PA/4 ,?IS IS A MO/ DANG]\S >GUM5T = ANYONE 9 OPPOSITION4 ,/AL9 WAS TO USE IT AGA9/ ,TROTSKY & ! OLD ,BOL%EVIK4 ,IT WAS ONLY LAT] ?AT ,/AL9 ACCUS$ !M ( HAV+ BE51 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ( ! ,REVOLUTION1 ! AG5TS ( ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE4 ,DUR+ ! FIR/ YE>S ( ! /RUGGLE HE CONC$$ ?AT ,TROTSKY HAD R5D]$ GREAT S]VICES TO ! ,REVOLUTION BUT HE W\LD ADD ?AT ,TROTSKY HAD SUBSEQU5TLY PASS$ 9TO ! RANKS ( ! C\NT]-REVOLUTION4 ,ONE HAD TO JUDGE A MAN ON :AT HE DID N[4 ,! EXAMPLE ( ,MUSSOL9I WAS CON/ANTLY M5TION$4 

,H[EV]1 !RE >E MANY ?+S ?AT ,TROTSKY IS UNABLE TO EXPLA94 ,HE CANNOT EXPLA9 H[ ,KRON/ADT & ! :OLE ,R$ ,FLEET CAME TO R5\NCE !IR IDEOLOGICAL SUPPORT = ! ,GOV]NM5T4 ,HE CANNOT EXPLA9 ! FRAME ( M9D ( ! COMMUNI/ ELEM5TS 9 ! ,FLEET DUR+ ! DISCUSSIONS ON ! ,TRADE ,UNION QUE/ION4 ,HE CANNOT EXPLA9 !IR ATTITUDE DUR+ ! #h? ,ALL-,RUSSIAN ,SOVIET ,CONGRESS ELECTIONS OR DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,COMMUNI/ ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET1 :I* TOOK PLACE ON ! EVE ( ! 9SURRECTION4 ,!SE >E1 H[EV]1 KEY PO9TS >\ND :I* ! DISCUSSION %\LD C5T]4 ,:5 ,TROTSKY ASS]TS ?AT ALL ?OSE SUPPORT+ ! GOV]NM5T W]E G5U9ELY PROLET>IAN & PROGRESSIVE1 :]EAS ALL O!RS REPRES5T$ ! PEASANT C\NT]REVOLUTION1 WE HAVE A RI<T TO ASK ( HIM ?AT HE PRES5T US ) A S]I\S FACTUAL ANALYSIS 9 SUPPORT ( HIS CONT5TION4 ,! UNFURL+ ( SUBSEQU5T EV5TS %[$ ?AT ! ,REVOLUTION WAS BE+ %UNT$ ONTO A DISA/R\SLY WRONG TRACK4 ,?IS WAS FIR/ TO COMPROMISE !N TO DE/ROY ALL ITS SOCIAL1 POLITICAL1 & MORAL CONQUE/S4 ,DID ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT REALLY REPRES5T AN ATTEMPT TO GUIDE ! ,REVOLUTION ALONG NEW L9ES8 ,?AT IS ! CRUCIAL QUE/ION ONE HAS TO ASK4 ,O!R PROBLEMS %\LD BE SE5 AS ( SECOND>Y IMPORTANCE & FL[+ FROM ?IS S]I\S CONC]N4 

,IT IS C]TA9LY NOT ! SMA%+ ( ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT ?AT PUT A BRAKE TO ! C\RSE ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 9 \R OP9ION1 IT WAS ! POLITICAL ME?ODS US$ AGA9/ ,KRON/ADT & WIDELY PRACTIC$ ?R\<\T ,RUSSIA :I* CONTRIBUT$ TO ! SETT+ UP1 ON ! RU9S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION1 ( AN OLIG>*IC REGIME :I* HAD NO?+ 9 COMMON ) ! ORIG9AL IDEAS ( ! ,REVOLUTION4.<#b#c#a.> 

,! ,BOL%EVIK 9T]PRETATIONS 

,9 #aiba ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T CLAIM$ ?AT ,KRON/ADT HAD REBELL$ ACCORD+ TO A PRECONCEIV$ PLAN4 ,?IS P>TICUL> 9T]PRETATION WAS BAS$ ON A NOTE PUBLI%$ 9 C]TA9 ,FR5* NEWSPAP]S 7,LE ,MAT91 ,L',E*O DE ,P>IS7 ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#e?4 ,?IS NOTE ANN\NC$ ! UPRIS+ & L$ TO ! CLAIM ?AT ! UPRIS+ WAS L$ BY ! ,5T5TE4 

,?IS WAS ! >GUM5T :I* 5ABL$ ,L59 TO CLAIM1 AT ! #a? ,P>TY ,CONGRESS3 

,! TRANSF] ( POLITICAL P[] FROM ! H&S ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS TO A VAGUE CONGLOM]ATION OR ALLIANCE ( HET]OG5E\S ELEM5TS :O SEEM TO BE ONLY A LITTLE TO ! ,RI<T ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 & P]HAPS EV5 TO ! 0,LEFT0 ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS--SO 9DEF9ITE IS ! SUM ( POLITICAL GR\P+S :I* TRI$ TO SEIZE P[] 9 ,KRON/ADT4 ,UND\BT$LY1 AT ! SAME TIME1 ,:ITE G5]ALS--Y\ ALL KN[ IT--PLAY$ A GREAT P>T 9 ?IS4 ,?IS IS FULLY PROV$4 ,! ,P>IS NEWSPAP]S REPORT$ A MUT9Y 9 ,KRON/ADT TWO WEEKS BE=E ! EV5TS 9 ,KRON/ADT TOOK PLACE4 .<#b#c#b.> 

,! PUBLICATION ( FALSE NEWS AB\T ,RUSSIA WAS NO?+ EXCEPTIONAL4 ,SU* NEWS WAS PUBLI%$ BE=E1 DUR+1 & AFT] ! ,KRON/ADT EV5TS4 ,IT IS UND5IABLE ?AT ! B\RGEOISIE ?R\<\T ! WORLD WAS HO/ILE TO ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION & W\LD EXAGG]ATE ANY BAD NEWS EMANAT+ FROM ?AT C\NTRY4 ,! ,SECOND ,COMMUNI/ ,CONF]5CE ( ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET HAD JU/ VOT$ A RES\ND+ RESOLUTION1 CRITICAL ( ! POLITICAL LEAD]%IP ( ! ,FLEET4 ,?IS FACT C\LD EASILY HAVE BE5 EXAGG]AT$ BY ! B\RGEOIS PRESS1 ONCE AGA9 CONFUS+ ! WI%ES ) REALITY4 ,TO BASE AN ACCUSATION ON A 'PRO(' ( ?IS K9D IS 9ADMISSIBLE & IMMORAL4 

,9 #ai* ,TROTSKY HIMSELF WAS TO DROP ?IS ACCUSATION4 ,BUT 9 ! >TICLE WE HAVE ALREADY M5TION$ HE REF]S HIS READ]S TO A /UDY ( ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION UND]TAK5 BY AN ,AM]ICAN TROTSKY/ ,JOHN ,G4 ,WRI<T4 ,9 AN >TICLE PUBLI%$ 9 ! ,NEW ,9T]NATIONAL 79 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#c#h7 ,MR ,WRI<T TAKES UP ONCE AGA9 ! CLAIM ?AT ! REVOLT MU/ HAVE BE5 PLANN$ BE=E-H&4 ,9 VIEW ( ! FACT ! PRESS HAD ANN\NC$ IT ON ,FEBRU>Y #a#e?4 ,HE SAYS3 '! CONNECTION BETWE5 ,KRON/ADT & ! C\NT]REVOLUTION CAN BE E/ABLI%$ NOT ONLY \T ( ! M\?S ( ! 5EMIES ( ,BOL%EVISM BUT ALSO ON ! BASIS ( IRREFUTABLE FACTS4' ,:AT IRREFUTABLE FACTS8 ,AGA91 QUOTATIONS FROM ! B\RGEOIS PRESS 7,LE ,MAT91 ,VOSSIS*E ,ZEITUNG1 ,! ,TIMES7 GIV+ FALSE NEWS BE=E & DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION4 

,IT IS 9T]E/+ ?AT !SE >GUM5TS W]E NOT MU* US$ AT ! TIME1 DUR+ ! BATTLE ITSELF1 BUT ONLY YE>S LAT]4 ,IF1 AT ! TIME ! ,BOL%EVIK ,GOV]NM5T HAD PRO( ( !SE ALLEG$ CONTACTS BETWE5 ,KRON/ADT & ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES :Y DID IT NOT TRY ! REBELS PUBLICLY8 ,:Y DID IT NOT %[ ! WORK+ MASSES ( ,RUSSIA ! 'REAL' REASONS = ! UPRIS+8 ,IF ?IS WASN'T DONE IT WAS BECAUSE NO SU* PRO( EXI/$4 

,WE >E ALSO TOLD ?AT IF ! ,NEW ,ECONOMIC POLICY HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ 9 TIME ! 9SURRECTION W\LD HAVE BE5 AVOID$4 ,BUT AS WE HAVE JU/ %[N ! UPRIS+ DID NOT TAKE PLACE ACCORD+ TO A PRECONCEIV$ PLAN4 ,NO ONE KNEW ?AT IT WAS NECESS>ILY GO+ TO TAKE PLACE4 ,WE HAVE NO !ORY AS TO ! EXACT TIM+ & DEVELOPM5T ( POPUL> MOVEM5TS & IT IS QUITE POSSIBLE ?AT UND] ECONOMIC & POLITICAL CONDITIONS DIFF]5T FROM ?OSE PREVAIL+ 9 ! SPR+ ( #aiba ! 9SURRECTION MI<T NEV] HAVE TAK5 PLACE4 ,ON ! O!R H& ! UPRIS+ MI<T HAVE OCCURR$ 9 A DIFF]5T =M1 OR 9 A DIFF]5T PLACE1 = 9/ANCE 9 ,NIJNI ,NOVGOROD :]E AN IMPORTANT /RIKE MOVEM5T TOOK PLACE1 CO9CID+ ) ! GREAT /RIKE WAVE 9 ,PETROGRAD4 ,! P>TICUL> CONDITIONS RELAT+ TO ! ,FLEET & TO ,KRON/ADT'S REVOLUTION>Y PA/ C]TA9LY HAD AN EFFECT1 BUT ONE CAN'T BE C]TA9 JU/ EXACTLY H[ SIGNIFICANT ?IS EFFECT WAS4 ,MU* ! SAME APPLIES TO ! /ATEM5T ?AT 'IF ! ,N4,E4,P4 HAD BE5 9TRODUC$ A FEW MON?S E>LI] !RE W\LD HAVE BE5 NO ,KRON/ADT REVOLT4' 

,! ,N4,E4,P4 WAS ADMITT$LY PROCLAIM$ AT ! SAME TIME AS ! REBELS W]E BE+ MASSACR$4 ,BUT IT DOESN'T FOLL[ 9 ANY WAY ?AT ! ,N4,E4,P4 CORRESPOND$ TO ! DEM&S PUT =W>D BY ! SAILORS4 ,9 ! ,KRON/ADT ,ISVE/IA ( ,M>* #a#d? WE F9D A *>ACT]I/IC PASSAGE ON ?IS SUBJECT4 ,! REBELS PROCLAIM$ ?AT ',KRON/ADT IS NOT ASK+ = FRE$OM ( TRADE BUT = G5U9E P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS4' ,! ,PETROGRAD /RIK]S W]E ALSO DEM&+ ! REOP5+ ( ! M>KETS & ! ABOLITION ( ! ROAD BLOCKS SET UP BY ! MILITIA4 ,BUT !Y TOO W]E /AT+ ?AT FRE$OM ( TRADE BY ITSELF W\LD NOT SOLVE !IR PROBLEMS4 

,9S(> AS ! ,N4,E4,P4 REPLAC$ ! =C$ REQUISITION ( FOOD/UFFS BY ! TAX 9 K9D & 9S(> AS IT REE/ABLI%$ 9T]NAL TRADE IT C]TA9LY SATISFI$ SOME ( ! DEM&S ( ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT & ( ! /RIK+ ,PETROGRAD WORK]S4 ,) ! ,N4,E4,P4 RATION+ & >BITR>Y SEIZURES CEAS$4 ,PETTY [N]S W]E ABLE TO SELL !IR GOODS ON ! OP5 M>KETS1 LESS5+ ! EFFECTS ON ! GREAT FAM9E4 ,! ,N4,E4,P4 APPE>$ TO BE FIR/ & =EMO/ A SAFETY MEASURE4 

,BUT ! ,N4,E4,P4 UNLEA%$ ! CAPITALI/ ELEM5TS 9 ! C\NTRY JU/ AT A TIME :5 ! ONE P>TY DICTATOR%IP WAS LEAV+ ! PROLET>IAT & WORK+ PEASANTS )\T MEANS ( DEF5SE AGA9/ !SE CAPITALI/ =CES4 ',! CLASS EX]T+ ! DICTATOR%IP IS 9 FACT DEPRIV$ ( ! MO/ ELEM5T>Y POLITICAL RI<TS' PROCLAIM$ ! ,WORK]'S ,TRU?1 AN OPPOSITIONAL COMMUNI/ GR\P 9 #a#i#b#b4 ,! ,WORK]'S ,GR\P1 ANO!R OPPOSITIONAL T5D5CY1 *>ACT]IZ$ ! SITUATION AS FOLL[S3 ,! WORK+ CLASS IS TOTALLY DEPRIV$ ( RI<TS1 ! TRADE UNIONS BE+ A BL9D 9/RUM5T 9 ! H&S ( ! FUNCTION>IES4' 

,?IS WAS C]TA9LY NOT :AT ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS W]E ASK+ =6 ,ON ! CONTR>Y4 ,!Y W]E PROPOS+ MEASURES :I* W\LD HAVE RE/OR$ TO ! WORK+ CLASS & WORK+ PEASANTRY !IR TRUE PLACE 9 ! NEW REGIME4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS ONLY IMPLEM5T$ ! LEA/ IMPORTANT DEM&S ( ! ,KRON/ADT PROGRAM 7?OSE COM+ 9 ELEV5? PLACE 9 ! RESOLUTION ( ! REBELS674 

,!Y TOTALLY IGNOR$ ! BASIC DEM&1 ! DEM& = WORK]S' DEMOCRACY6 

,?IS DEM&1 PUT =W>D 9 ! ,PETROPAVLOVSKY RESOLUTION WAS NEI!R UTOPIAN NOR DANG]\S4 ,WE H]E TAKE ISSUE ) ,VICTOR ,S]GE4 ,9 ,REVOLUTION ,PROLET>I5NE 7( ,SEPTEMB] #a?1 #a#i#c#g7 ,S]GE /AT$ ?AT ':ILE ! SAILORS W]E 5GAG$ 9 MORTAL COMBAT1 !Y PUT =W>D A DEM& :I*1 AT ?AT P>TICUL> MOM5T1 WAS EXTREMELY DANG]\S--AL?\< QUITE G5U9E & S9C]ELY REVOLUTION>Y3 ! DEM& = FREELY ELECT$ SOVIETS444 !Y WI%$ TO UNLEA% A CLEANS+ TORNADO BUT 9 PRACTICE !Y C\LD ONLY HAVE OP5$ ! DOORS TO ! PEASANT C\NT]REVOLUTION1 ( :I* ! ,:ITES & =EIGN 9T]V5TION W\LD HAVE TAK5 ADVANTAGE444 ,9SURG5T ,KRON/ADT WAS NOT C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y1 BUT ITS VICTORY W\LD 9EVITABLY HAVE L$ TO ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4' ,CONTR>Y TO ,S]GE'S ASS]TION WE BELIEVE ?AT ! POLITICAL DEM&S ( ! SAILORS W]E FULL ( A DEEP POLITICAL WISDOM4 ,!Y W]E NOT D]IV$ FROM ANY AB/RACT !ORY BUT FROM A PR(\ND AW>5ESS ( ! CONDITIONS ( ,RUSSIAN LIFE4 ,!Y W]E 9 NO WAY C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y4 

,ROSA ,LUXEMB\RG'S VIEW'S 

,IT IS WOR? RECALL+ :AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG1 A POLITICAL P]SONALITY RESPECT$ ?R\<\T ! WORLD AS A GREAT SOCIALI/ MILITANT1 HAD WRITT5 AB\T ! LACK ( DEMOCRACY 9 ! LEAD]%IP ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION1 AS E>LY AS #a#i#a#h4 

',IT IS AN 9CONTE/ABLE FACT1' %E WROTE1 '?AT ! RULE ( ! BROAD1 POPUL> MASSES IS 9CONCEIVABLE )\T UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS1 )\T ABSOLUTE FRE$OM ( MEET+ & ( ASSOCIATION444 ! GIGANTIC TASKS :I* ! ,BOL%EVIKS HAVE TACKL$ ) C\RAGE & RESOLUTION REQUIRE ! MO/ 9T5SIVE POLITICAL $UCATION ( ! MASSES & ACCUMULATION ( EXP]I5CE :I* IS IMPOSSIBLE )\T POLITICAL FRE$OM4 ,FRE$OM RE/RICT$ TO ?OSE :O SUPPORT ! ,GOV]NM5T OR TO ,P>TY MEMB]S ONLY1 H[EV] NUM]\S !Y MAY BE1 IS NOT REAL FRE$OM4 ,FRE$OM IS ALWAYS FRE$OM = ! ONE :O ?9KS DIFF]5TLY4 ,?IS IS NOT BECAUSE ( FANATICISM = AB/RACT JU/ICE BUT BECAUSE EV]Y?+ ?AT IS 9/RUCTIVE1 HEAL?Y & CLEANS+ 9 POLITICAL LIB]TY H+ES ON ?IS & BECAUSE POLITICAL LIB]TY LOSES ITS VALUE :5 FRE$OM BECOMES A PRIVILEGE4' 

',WE HAVE NEV] WOR%IP$ AT ! ALT> ( =MAL DEMOCRACY1' %E CONT9U$4 ',WE HAVE ALWAYS DI/+UI%$ BETWE5 ! SOCIAL CONT5T 5D ! POLITICAL =M ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY4 ,! HI/ORICAL TASK FAC+ ! PROLET>IAT AFT] ITS ACCESSION TO P[] IS TO REPLACE B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY BY PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY1 NOT TO ABOLI% ALL DEMOCRACY444 ,! DICTATOR%IP 7( ! PROLET>IAT7 CONSI/S 9 ! WAY DEMOCRACY IS APPLI$1 NOT 9 ITS ABOLITION4 ,IT MU/ BE ! ACTION ( ! CLASS & NOT ( A SMALL M9ORITY1 MANAG+ ?+S 9 ! NAME ( ! CLASS4444 ,IF POLITICAL LIFE ?R\<\T ! C\NTRY IS /IFL$ IT MU/ FATALLY FOLL[ ?AT LIFE 9 ! SOVIETS !MSELVES WILL BE P>ALYZ$4 ,)\T G5]AL ELECTIONS1 )\T UNLIMIT$ FRE$OM ( ! PRESS & ( ASSEMBLY1 )\T FREE CONFRONTATION ( OP9IONS1 LIFE WILL DRY UP 9 ALL PUBLIC 9/ITUTIONS--OR IT WILL BE ONLY A %AM LIFE1 :]E ! BUREAUCRACY IS ! ONLY ACTIVE ELEM5T4' 

,WE HAVE DWELT ON !SE QUOTATIONS TO %[ ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMB\RG1 9 H] /ATEM5TS AB\T ! NE$ = DEMOCRACY1 W5T MU* FUR!R ?AN ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS4 ,!Y RE/RICT$ !IR COMM5TS AB\T DEMOCRACY TO MATT]S ( 9T]E/ TO ! PROLET>IAT & TO ! WORK+ PEASANTRY4 ,MOREOV] ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG =MULAT$ H] CRITICISMS ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION 9 #a#i#a#h1 9 A P]IOD ( FULL CIVIL W>1 :]EAS ! ,PETROPAVLOVSK RESOLUTION WAS VOT$ AT A TIME :5 ! >M$ /RUGGLE HAD VIRTUALLY COME TO AN 5D4 

,W\LD ANYONE D>E ACCUSE ,ROSA1 ON ! BASIS ( H] CRITICISMS1 ( HAV+ BE5 9 COLLUSION ) ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE8 ,:Y !N >E ! DEM&S ( ! ,KRON/ADT SAILORS D5\NC$ AS 'DANG]\S' & AS 9EVITABLY LEAD+ TO ! C\NT]REVOLUTION8 ,HAS NOT ! SUBSEQU5T EVOLUTION ( EV5TS AMPLY V9DICAT$ BO? ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS & ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG8 ,WAS ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG NOT RI<T :5 %E ASS]T$ ?AT ! TASK ( ! WORK+ CLASS WAS TO EX]CISE WORK+ CLASS P[] & NOT ! DICTATOR%IP ( A P>TY OR ( A CLIQUE8 ,= ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG WORK+ CLASS P[] WAS DEF9$ AS '! A*IEVEM5T 9 A CONTE/ ( ! WIDE/ DISCUSSION1 ( ! MO/ ACTIVE & UNLIMIT$ P>TICIPATION ( ! POPUL> MASSES 9 AN UNRE/RICT$ DEMOCRACY4' 

,A ?IRD ,SOVIET ,REVOLUTION 

,:5 PUTT+ =W>D !IR DEMOCRATIC DEM&S1 ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS HAD PROBABLY NEV] HE>D ( ! WRIT+S ( ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG4 ,:AT !Y HAD HE>D (1 H[EV]1 WAS ! FIR/ ,CON/ITUTION ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC1 VOT$ ON ,JULY #a1 #a#i#a#h1 BY ! #e? ,ALL ,RUSSIAN ,CONGRESS ( ,SOVIETS4 ,>TICLE #a#c1 #a#d1 #ae & #af ( ! ,CON/ITUTION ASSUR$ ALL WORK]S ( C]TA9 DEMOCRATIC RI<TS 7FRE$OM ( WOR%IP1 FRE$OM ( ASSEMBLY1 FRE$OM ( UNION1 FRE$OM ( ! PRESS74 ,!SE >TICLES S\<T TO PREV5T ! ALLOCATION ( SPECIAL PRIVILEGES TO ANY SPECIFIC GR\P OR ,P>TY 7>TICLES #bb & #b#c74 

,! SAME ,CON/ITUTION PROCLAIM$ ?AT NO WORK] C\LD BE DEPRIV$ ( ! RI<T TO VOTE OR ( ! RI<T TO /& AS A C&IDATE1 PROVID$ HE SATISFI$ ! CONDITIONS /IPULAT$ 9 >TICLES #fd & #f#e1 ?AT IS TO SAY PROVID$ HE DID NOT EXPLOIT ! LABOR ( O!RS OR LIVE (F 9COME O!R ?AN ?AT :I* HE HAD E>N$4 

,! C5TRAL DEM& ( ! ,KRON/ADT 9SURRECTION--ALL P[] TO ! ,SOVIETS 7& NOT TO ! ,P>TY7--WAS 9 FACT BAS$ ON AN >TICLE ( ! ,CON/ITUTION4 ,?IS PROCLAIM$ ?AT ALL C5TRAL & LOCAL P[] W\LD H5CE=? BE PRECISELY 9 ! H&S ( ! SOVIETS6 

,FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+ ?IS ,CON/ITUTION WAS VIOLAT$ BY ! ,BOL%EVIKS--OR RA!R ITS PROVISIONS W]E NEV] PUT 9TO EFFECT4 ,IT IS WOR? RECALL+ ?AT ,ROSA ,LUXEMBURG'S CRITICISMS W]E =MULAT$ A FEW MON?S AFT] ! VOTE ( ?IS NEW CON/ITUTION *>T]4 ,:5 9 #aiba ! SAILORS W]E TO 9SI/ ON A G5U9E APPLICATION ( ! RI<TS !Y HAD ACQUIR$ 9 #aiah !Y W]E CALL$ 'C\NT]REVOLUTION>IES' & D5\NC$ AS 'AG5TS ( ! 9T]NATIONAL B\RGEOISIE4' ,SIXTE5 YE>S LAT] ,VICTOR ,S]GE WAS TO SAY ?AT ! DEM&S ( ! REBELS W\LD NECESS>ILY HAVE L$ TO ! C\NT]REVOLUTION4 ,?IS %[S H[ DEEP-GO+ W]E ,BOL%EVIK ATTITUDES CONC]N+ ! DANG]S ( DEMOCRACY4 

,! BASIC LAWS ( ! ,SOVIET ,REPUBLIC CON/ITUTE A JURIDICAL SUMM>Y ( ! IDEOLOGY ( ! ,OCTOB] ,REVOLUTION4 ,BY ! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> !SE IDEAS HAD BE5 PU%$ SO F> BACK ?AT A ?IRD REVOLUTION W\LD HAVE BE5 NECESS>Y TO RE9/ATE !M & HAVE !M APPLI$ 9 EV]YDAY LIFE4 ,?IS IS :AT ! ,KRON/ADT REBELS MEANT :5 !Y SPOKE ( ! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION4 ,9 ! ,KRON/ADT ,ISVE/IA ( ,M>* #h !Y WROTE3 ',AT ,KRON/ADT ! F\NDATION /ONE HAS BE5 LAID ( ! ,?IRD ,REVOLUTION4 ,?IS WILL BREAK ! F9AL *A9S :I* /ILL B9D ! WORK+ MASSES & WALL OP5 UP NEW PA?S ( SOCIALI/ CREATION4' 

,WE DO NOT KN[ IF IT W\LD HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE TO SAVE ! CONQUE/S ( ,OCTOB] BY DEMOCRATIC ME?ODS4 ,WE DO NOT KN[ IF ! ECONOMIC SITUATION ( ! C\NTRY & ITS M>K$LY PEASANT *>ACT] W]E REALLY SUITABLE = ! FIR/ ATTEMPT AT BUILD+ SOCIALISM4 ,!SE PROBLEMS %\LD BE DISCUSS$4 ,BUT ! TASK ( ?OSE SEEK+ TRU? IS TO PROCLAIM ! FACTS )\T EMBELLI%M5TS4 ,IT IS NOT GOOD 5\< TO TAKE A SUP]CILI\SLY SCI5TIFIC AIR TO EXPLA9 AWAY HI/ORICAL PH5OM5A4 

,:5 ,TROTSKY S\<T TO EXPLA9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! BUREAUCRACY :I* HAD /RANGL$ ALL REAL LIFE 9 ! 9/ITUTIONS ( ! ,SOVIET ,/ATE HE F\ND NO DIFFICULTY 9 \TL9+ HIS CONCEPTION4 ,9 ,! ,REVOLUTION ,BETRAY$ HE /ATES ?AT ONE ( ! IMPORTANT CAUSES WAS ! FACT ?AT DEMOBILIZ$ ,R$ ,>MY (FIC]S HAD COME TO OCCUPY LEAD+ POSITIONS 9 ! LOCAL SOVIETS & HAD 9TRODUC$ MILIT>Y ME?ODS 9TO !M--AT A TIME :5 ! PROLET>IAT WAS EXHAU/$ FOLL[+ ! PROLONG$ REVOLUTION>Y UPHEAVAL4 ,?IS APP]>5TLY L$ TO ! BIR? ( ! BUREAUCRACY4 ,TROTSKY OMITS TO RECALL H[ HE HIMSELF S\<T TO 9TRODUCE PRECISELY !SE ME?ODS 9TO ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,WAS IT TO SAVE ! PROLET>IAT FUR!R FATIGUE8 ,& IF ! PROLET>IAT WAS ?AT EXHAU/$ H[ COME IT WAS /ILL CAPABLE ( WAG+ VIRTUALLY TOTAL G5]AL /RIKES 9 ! L>GE/ & MO/ HEAVILY 9DU/RIALIZ$ CITIES8 ,& IF ! ,P>TY WAS /ILL REALLY ! DRIV+ =CE ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION H[ COME IT DID NOT HELP ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ ! NASC5T1 BUT ALREADY P[]FUL1 BUREAUCRACY--9/EAD ( %OOT+ ! WORK]S D[N1 AT A TIME :5 !IR 5]GY HAD BE5 SAPP$ BY ?REE YE>S ( IMP]IALI/ W> FOLL[$ BY ?REE YE>S ( CIVIL W>4 

,:Y DID ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ID5TIFY ITSELF ) ! AU?ORIT>IAN /ATE8 ,! ANSW] IS ?AT ! ,P>TY WAS NO LONG] REVOLUTION>Y4 ,IT WAS NO LONG] PROLET>IAN4 ,& ?IS IS PRECISELY :AT ! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT W]E BLAM+ ! ,P>TY =4 ,!IR M]IT IS TO HAVE SAID ALL ?IS 9 #a#i#b#a--:5 IT MI<T /ILL HAVE BE5 POSSIBLE TO *ANGE ! SITUATION--& NOT TO HAVE WAIT$ #ae YE>S1 BY :I* TIME ! DEFEAT HAD BECOME IRREVOCABLE4 

,BUREAUCRACY IS ALMO/ AN H]$IT>Y HALLM>K 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,IT IS AS OLD AS ! ,RUSSIAN /ATE ITSELF4 ,! ,BOL%EVIKS 9 P[] NOT ONLY 9H]IT$ ! ,CZ>I/ BUREAUCRACY ITSELF1 BUT ITS V]Y SPIRIT4 ,ITS V]Y ATMOSPH]E4 ,!Y %\LD HAVE REALIZ$ ?AT AS ! /ATE 5L>G$ ITS FUNCTIONS TO 5COMPASS ECONOMIC AFFAIRS1 AS IT BECAME ! [N] ( ALL NATURAL WEAL? & ( 9DU/RY1 AN IMM$IATE DANG] W\LD >ISE ( ! REBIR? & RAPID DEVELOPM5T ( ! BUREAUCRATIC FRAME ( M9D4 

,A DOCTOR TREAT+ A PATI5T ) A BAD H]$ITY TAKES ?IS 9TO ACC\NT & ADVISES C]TA9 PRECAUTIONS4 ,:AT PRECAUTIONS DID ! ,BOL%EVIKS TAKE TO COMBAT ! BUREAUCRATIC T5D5CIES :I* W]E OBVI\S1 9 ! V]Y FIR/ YE>S ( ! ,REVOLUTION8 ,:AT ME?ODS C\LD !Y HAVE US$ O!R ?AN TO ALL[ A P[]FUL DEMOCRATIC DRAFT TO BL[ ?R\< ! :OLE ATMOSPH]E1 & TO 5C\RAGE A RIGOR\S & EFFECTIVE CONTROL TO BE EX]T$ BY ! WORK+ MASSES8 

,TRUE 5\<1 SOME =M ( CONTROL WAS 5VISAG$4 ,! TR\BLE WAS ?AT ! ,COMMISS>IAT ( ! ,WORK]S & ,PEASANTS 9SPECTION WAS TO 5TRU/ ?IS CONTROL TO ! V]Y SAME TYPE ( BUREAUCRAT :OSE P[] IT WAS SEEK+ TO ?W>T4 ,ONE NE$ NOT SEEK F> TO F9D ! CAUSES ( ! BUREAUCRATIZATION4 ,ITS ROOTS LAY DEEPLY 9 ! ,BOL%EVIK CONCEPT ( ! ,/ATE COMM&$ & CONTROLL$ BY A S+LE ,P>TY1 ITSELF ORGANIZ$ ALONG ABSOLUTI/ & BUREAUCRATIC L9ES4 ,!SE CAUSES W]E ( C\RSE AGGRAVAT$ BY ,RUSSIA'S [N BUREAUCRATIC TRADITIONS4 

,IT IS WRONG TO BLAME ! PEASANTRY = ! DEFEAT ( ! ,REVOLUTION & = ITS DEG5]ATION 9TO A BUREAUCRATIC REGIME4 ,IT W\LD BE TOO EASY TO EXPLA9 ALL ,RUSSIA'S DIFFICULTIES BY ! AGR>IAN *>ACT] ( H] ECONOMY4 ,SOME PEOPLE SEEM TO SAY AT ONE & ! SAME TIME ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT REVOLT AGA9/ ! BUREAUCRACY WAS A PEASANT REVOLT & ?AT ! BUREAUCRACY ITSELF WAS ( PEASANT ORIG94 ,) SU* A CONCEPT ( ! ROLE ( ! PEASANTRY ONE MAY ASK H[ ! ,BOL%EVIKS D>$ ADVOCATE ! IDEA ( ! SOCIALI/ REVOLUTION8 ,H[ DID !Y D>E /RUGGLE = IT 9 AN AGR>IAN C\NTRY8 

,SOME CLAIM ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS ALL[$ !MSELVES SU* ACTIONS 7AS ! SUPPRESSION ( ,KRON/ADT7 9 ! HOPE ( A =?COM+ WORLD REVOLUTION1 ( :I* !Y CONSID]$ !MSELVES ! VANGU>D4 ,BUT W\LD NOT A REVOLUTION 9 ANO!R C\NTRY HAVE BE5 9FLU5C$ BY ! SPIRIT ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION8 ,:5 ONE CONSID]S ! 5ORM\S MORAL AU?ORITY ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ?R\<\T ! WORLD ONE MAY ASK ONESELF :E!R ! DEVIATIONS ( ?IS ,REVOLUTION W\LD NOT EV5TUALLY HAVE LEFT AN IMPR9T ON O!R C\NTRIES4 ,MANY HI/ORICAL FACTS ALL[ SU* A JUDGM5T4 ,ONE MAY RECOGNIZE ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( G5U9E SOCIALI/ CON/RUCTION 9 A S+LE C\NTRY1 YET HAVE D\BTS AS TO :E!R ! BUREAUCRATIC DE=MATIONS ( ! ,BOL%EVIK REGIME W\LD HAVE BE5 /RAI<T5$ \T BY ! W9DS COM+ FROM REVOLUTIONS 9 O!R C\NTRIES4 

,! FASCI/ EXP]I5CE 9 C\NTRIES LIKE ,G]MANY %[S ?AT AN ADVANC$ /AGE ( CAPITALI/ DEVELOPM5T IS AN 9SUFFICI5T GU>ANTEE AGA9/ ! GR[? ( ABSOLUTI/ & AUTOCRATIC T5D5CIES4 ,AL?\< ?IS IS NOT ! PLACE TO EXPLA9 ! PH5OM5ON1 WE MU/ NOTE ! P[]FUL WAVE ( AU?ORIT>IANISM COM+ FROM ECONOMICALLY ADVANC$ C\NTRIES & ?REAT5+ TO 5GULF OLD IDEAS & TRADITIONS4 ,IT IS 9CONTE/ABLE ?AT ,BOL%EVISM IS MORALLY RELAT$ TO ?IS ABSOLUTI/ FRAME ( M9D4 ,IT HAD 9 FACT SET A PREC$5T = SUBSEQU5T T5D5CIES4 ,NO ONE CAN BE SURE ?AT HAD ANO!R REVOLUTION OCCURR$ ELSE:]E FOLL[+ ! ONE 9 ,RUSSIA1 ,BOL%EVISM W\LD HAVE DEMOCRATIZ$ ITSELF4 ,IT MI<T AGA9 HAVE REVEAL$ ITS ABSOLUTI/ FEATURES4 

,W]E !RE NOT REAL DANG]S 9 ! DEMOCRATIC WAY8 ,WAS !RE NO REASON TO FE> RE=MI/ 9FLU5CES 9 ! SOVIETS1 IF DEMOCRACY HAD BE5 GIV5 FREE RE98 ,WE ACCEPT ?AT ?IS WAS A REAL DANG]4 ,BUT IT WAS NO MORE ( A DANG] ?AN :AT 9EVITABLY FOLL[$ ! UNCONTROLL$ DICTATOR%IP ( A S+LE P>TY1 :OSE ,G5]AL ,SECRET>Y WAS ALREADY ,/AL94.<#b#c#c.> 

,WE >E TOLD ?AT ! C\NTRY WAS AT ! 5D ( ITS TE!R1 ?AT IT HAD LO/ ITS ABILITY TO RESI/4 ,TRUE1 ! C\NTRY WAS WE>Y ( W>4 ,BUT ON ! O!R H& IT WAS FULL ( CON/RUCTIVE =CES1 >D5TLY SEEK+ TO LE>N & TO $UCATE !MSELVES4 ,! 5D ( ! ,CIVIL ,W> SAW A SURGE ( WORK]S & PEASANTS T[>DS S*OOLS1 WORK]S' UNIV]SITIES & 9/ITUTES ( TE*NICAL $UCATION4 ,WASN'T ?IS YE>N+ ! BE/ TE/IMONY TO ! VITALITY & RESI/ANCE ( !SE CLASSES8 ,9 A C\NTRY ) A V]Y HI< LEVEL ( ILLIT]ACY1 SU* AN $UCATION C\LD GREATLY HAVE HELP$ ! WORK+ MASSES 9 ! G5U9E EX]CISE ( REAL P[]4 

,BUT BY ITS V]Y ESS5CE A DICTATOR%IP DE/ROYS ! CREATIVE CAPACITIES ( A PEOPLE4 ,DESPITE ! UND\BT$ ATTEMPTS ( ! ,GOV]NM5T TO $UCATE WORK]S1 $UCATION SOON BECAME ! PRIVILEGE ( ,P>TY MEMB]S LOYAL TO ! LEAD+ FACTION4 ,FROM #aiba ON1 WORK]S' FACULTIES & HI<] $UCATIONAL E/ABLI%M5TS W]E PURG$ ( !IR MORE 9DEP5D5T M9D$ ELEM5TS4 ,?IS PROCESS GA9$ TEMPO ) ! DEVELOPM5T ( OPPOSITIONAL T5D5CIES )9 ! ,P>TY4 ,! ATTEMPT AT A G5U9E MASS $UCATION WAS 9CREAS+LY COMPROMIS$4 ,L59'S WI% ?AT EV]Y COOK %\LD BE ABLE TO GOV]N ! /ATE BECAME LESS & LESS LIKELY TO BE IMPLEM5T$4 

,! REVOLUTION>Y CONQUE/ C\LD ONLY BE DEEP5$ ?R\< A G5U9E P>TICIPATION ( ! MASSES4 ,ANY ATTEMPT TO SUB/ITUTE AN 'ELITE' = ?OSE MASSES C\LD ONLY BE PR(\NDLY REACTION>Y4 

,9 #aiba ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION /OOD AT ! CROSSROADS4 ,! DEMOCRATIC OR ! DICTATORIAL WAY1 ?AT WAS ! QUE/ION4 ,BY LUMP+ TOGE!R B\RGEOIS & PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E 9 FACT CONDEMN+ BO?4 ,!Y S\<T TO BUILD SOCIALISM FROM ABOVE1 ?R\< SKILLFUL MANEUV]S ( ! ,REVOLUTION>Y ,G5]AL ,/AFF4 ,:ILE WAIT+ = A WORLD REVOLUTION ?AT WAS NOT R\ND ! CORN]1 !Y BUILT A /ATE CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 :]E ! WORK+ CLASS NO LONG] HAD ! RI<T TO MAKE ! DECISIONS MO/ 9TIMATELY CONC]N+ IT4 

,L59 WAS NOT ALONE 9 P]CEIV+ ?AT ! ,KRON/ADT REBELLION WAS A *ALL5GE TO ?IS PLAN4 ,BO? HE & ! ,BOL%EVIKS W]E FULLY AW>E ?AT :AT WAS AT /AKE WAS ! MONOPOLY ( !IR ,P>TY4 ,KRON/ADT MI<T HAVE OP5$ ! WAY TO A G5U9E PROLET>IAN DEMOCRACY1 9COMPATIBLE ) ! ,P>TY'S MONOPOLY ( P[]4 ,?AT IS :Y ,L59 PREF]R$ TO DE/ROY ,KRON/ADT4 ,HE *OSE AN IGNOBLE BUT SURE WAY3 ! CALUMNY ?AT ,KRON/ADT WAS ALLI$ TO ! B\RGEOISIE & TO ! AGR>IAN C\NT]REVOLUTION4 

,:5 ,K\ZM91 ,COMMISS> TO ! ,BALTIC ,FLEET1 HAD /AT$ AT ! ,KRON/ADT MEET+ ( ,M>* #bND ?AT ! ,BOL%EVIKS W\LD NOT SURR5D] P[] )\T A FI<T1 HE WAS SAY+ ! TRU?4 ,L59 MU/ HAVE LAU<$ AT ?IS ,COMMISS> :O OBVI\SLY DIDN'T UND]/& ! ,A,B,C ( ,BOL%EVIK MORALITY OR TACTICS4 ,POLITICALLY & MORALLY ONE HAD TO DE/ROY ! OPPON5T--NOT >GUE ) HIM US+ REAL >GUM5TS4 ,& DE/ROY ITS REVOLUTION>Y OPPON5TS IS EXACTLY :AT ! ,BOL%EVIK GOV]NM5T DID4 

,! ,KRON/ADT REBELS W]E A GRAY1 AMORPH\S MASS4 ,BUT SU* MASSES OCCASIONALLY %[ AN 9CR$IBLE LEVEL ( POLITICAL AW>5ESS4 ,IF !RE HAD BE5 AMONG !M A NUMB] ( M5 ( 'HI<]' POLITICAL UND]/&+ ! 9SURRECTION MI<T WELL NEV] HAVE TAK5 PLACE1 = ?OSE M5 W\LD HAVE UND]/OOD FIR/LY ?AT ! DEM&S ( ! REBELS W]E 9 FLAGRANT CONFLICT ) ! POLICIES ( ! ,KREML9--& SECONDLY ?AT1 AT ?AT P>TICUL> MOM5T 9 TIME1 ! GOV]NM5T FELT ITSELF FIRMLY 5\< 9 ! SADDLE TO %OOT D[N1 )\T PITY OR M]CY1 ANY T5D5CY D>+ S]I\SLY TO OPPOSE ITS VIEWS OR PLANS4 

,! M5 ( ,KRON/ADT W]E S9C]E BUT NAIVE4 ,BELIEV+ 9 ! JU/NESS ( !IR CAUSE !Y DID NOT =ESEE ! TACTICS ( !IR OPPON5TS4 ,!Y WAIT$ = HELP FROM ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY1 :OSE DEM&S !Y KNEW !Y W]E VOIC+4 ,!Y LO/ SI<T ( ! FACT ?AT ! RE/ ( ! C\NTRY WAS ALREADY 9 ! IRON GRIP ( A DICTATOR%IP :I* NO LONG] ALL[$ ! PEOPLE ! FREE EXPRESSION ( ITS WI%ES & ! FREE *OICE ( ITS 9/ITUTIONS4 

,! GREAT IDEOLOGICAL & POLITICAL DISCUSSION BETWE5 'REALI/S' & 'DREAM]S' BETWE5 'SCI5TIFIC SOCIALI/S' & ! 'REVOLUTION>Y VOLNITZA'-- WAS F\<T \T1 WEAPONS 9 H&4 ,IT 5D$1 9 #a#i#b#a1 ) ! POLITICAL & MILIT>Y DEFEAT ( ! 'DREAM]S4' ,BUT ,/AL9 WAS TO PROVE TO ! :OLE WORLD ?AT ?IS DEFEAT WAS ALSO ! DEFEAT ( SOCIALISM1 OV] A SIX? ( ! E>?'S SURFACE4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,FEBRU>Y #a1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #g -- ,ADD$4 

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