,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

#ahih 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,TAGS 3 MORAL S5TIM5T1 AN>*I/ MORALITY1 PET] KROPOTK91 HUMAN RACE1 MUTUAL AID1 HUMAN NATURE1 ANIMAL SOCIETY1 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE1 SOCIABLE ANIMALS1 SOCIAL LIV+4 

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O ,NOTE ON ,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

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,SECTIONS 7,CONT5T7 3 

O ,NOTE ON ,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

,PHOTO BY ,BR5T ,MOORE1,C,C ,B,Y ,LIC5SE ,NOTE ,= 0,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY0 

,?IS /UDY ( ! ORIG9 & FUNCTION ( :AT WE CALL 0MORALITY0 WAS WRITT5 = PAMPHLET PUBLICATION AS A RESULT ( AN AMUS+ SITUATION4 ,AN AN>*I/ :O RAN A /ORE 9 ,5GL& F\ND ?AT HIS COMRADES 9 ! MOVEM5T REG>D$ IT AS P]FECTLY RI<T TO TAKE HIS GOODS )\T PAY+ = !M4 0,TO EA* ACCORD+ TO HIS NE$0 SEEM$ TO !M TO JU/IFY LETT+ ?OSE :O W]E BE/ ABLE FOOT ! BILLS4 ,KROPOTK9 WAS APPEAL$ TO1 ) ! RESULT ?AT HE NOT ONLY CONDEMN$ SU* DOCTR9E1 BUT WAS MOV$ TO WRITE ! COMRADES ?IS S]MON4 

,ITS CONCEPTION ( MORALITY IS BAS$ ON ! IDEAS SET =? 9 ,MUTUAL ,AID & LAT] DEVELOP$ 9 HIS ,E?ICS4 ,H]E !Y >E GIV5 SPECIAL APPLICATION TO 0RI<T & WRONG0 9 ! BUS9ESS ( SOCIAL LIV+4 ,! JOB IS DONE ) F9E FEEL+ & ) ACUTE %AFTS AT ! %AMS ( CURR5T MORALITY4 

,KROPOTK9 SEES ! S\RCE ( ALL SO-CALL$ MORAL IDEAS 9 PRIMITIVE SUP]/ITIONS4 ,! REAL MORAL S5SE :I* GUIDES \R SOCIAL BEHAVIOR IS 9/9CTIVE1 BAS$ ON ! SYMPA?Y & UNITY 9H]5T 9 GR\P LIFE4 ,MUTUAL AID IS ! CONDITION ( SUCCESSFUL SOCIAL LIV+4 ,! MORAL BASE IS !RE=E ! GOOD OLD GOLD5 RULE 0,DO TO O!RS AS Y\ W\LD HAVE O!RS DO TO Y\ 9 ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES10 --:I* DISPOS$ ( ! E?ICS ( ! %OPKEEP]'S AN>*I/ CU/OM]S4 

,?IS NATURAL MORAL S5SE WAS P]V]T$1 ,KROPOTK9 SAYS1 BY ! SUP]/ITIONS SURR\ND+ LAW1 RELIGION & AU?ORITY1 DELIB]ATELY CULTIVAT$ BY CONQU]ORS1 EXPLOIT]S & PRIE/S = !IR [N B5EFIT4 ,MORALITY HAS !RE=E BECOME ! 9/RUM5T ( RUL+ CLASSES TO PROTECT !IR PRIVILEGES4 

,HE DEF5DS ! MORALITY ( KILL+ = ! B5EFIT ( MANK9D --AS 9 ! ASSASS9ATION ( TYRANTS--- BUT NEV] = SELF4 ,LOVE & HATE HE REG>DS AS GREAT] SOCIAL =CES = CONTROLL+ WRONG-DO+ ?AN PUNI%M5T1 :I* HE REJECTS AS USELESS & EVIL4 ,ACC\NT-BOOK MORALITY --DO+ RI<T ONLY TO RECEIVE A B5EFIT-- HE SCORES R\NDLY1 URG+ 9/EAD ! SATISFACTIONS & JOY ( 0S[+ LIFE >\ND Y\0 BY GIV+ Y\RSELF TO ! UTT]MO/ TO Y\R FELL[- M54 ,NOT ( C\RSE TO DO !M GOOD1 9 ! SPIRIT ( PHILAN?ROPY1 BUT TO BE ONE ) !M1 EQUAL & %>+4 

O ,SECTION #a 

,PHOTO BY ,T$ ,SW$5BURG1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,! HI/ORY ( HUMAN ?\<T RECALLS ! SW++ ( A P5DULUM :I* TAKES C5TURIES TO SW+4 ,AFT] A LONG P]IOD ( SLUMB] COMES A MOM5T ( AWAK5+4 ,!N ?\<T FREES H]SELF FROM ! *A9S ) :I* ?OSE 9T]E/$--RUL]S1 LAWY]S1 CL]ICS--HAVE C>EFULLY 5W\ND H]4 

,%E %ATT]S ! *A9S4 ,%E SUBJECTS TO SEV]E CRITICISM ALL ?AT HAS BE5 TAU<T H]1 & LAYS B>E ! EMPT9ESS ( ! RELIGI\S POLITICAL1 LEGAL1 & SOCIAL PREJUDICES AMID :I* %E HAS VEGETAT$4 ,%E />TS RESE>* 9 NEW PA?S1 5RI*ES \R KN[L$GE ) NEW DISCOV]IES1 CREATES NEW SCI5CES4 

,BUT ! 9VET]ATE 5EMIES ( ?\<T--! GOV]NM5T1 ! LAWGIV]1 & ! PRIE/--SOON RECOV] FROM !IR DEFEAT4 ,BY DEGREES !Y GA!R TOGE!R !IR SCATT]$ =CES1 & REMODEL !IR FAI? & !IR CODE ( LAWS TO ADAPT !M TO ! NEW NE$S4 ,!N1 PR(IT+ BY ! S]VILITY ( ?\<T & ( *>ACT]1 :I* !Y !MSELVES HAVE SO EFFECTUALLY CULTIVAT$2 PR(IT+1 TOO1 BY ! MOM5T>Y DISORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY1 TAK+ ADVANTAGE ( ! LAZ9ESS ( SOME1 ! GRE$ ( O!RS1 ! BE/ HOPES ( MANY1 !Y S(TLY CREEP BACK TO !IR WORK BY FIR/ ( ALL TAK+ POSSESSION ( *ILDHOOD ?R\< $UCATION4 

,A *ILD'S SPIRIT IS WEAK4 ,IT IS SO EASY TO CO]CE IT BY FE>4 ,?IS !Y DO4 ,!Y MAKE ! *ILD TIMID1 & !N !Y TALK TO HIM ( ! TORM5TS ( HELL4 ,!Y CONJURE UP BE=E HIM ! SUFF]+S ( ! CONDEMN$1 ! V5GEANCE ( AN IMPLACABLE GOD4 ,! NEXT M9UTE !Y WILL BE *ATT]+ ( ! HORRORS ( REVOLUTION1 & US+ SOME EXCESS ( ! REVOLUTIONI/S TO MAKE ! *ILD 0A FRI5D ( ORD]40 ,! PRIE/ ACCU/OMS ! *ILD TO ! IDEA ( LAW1 TO MAKE IT OBEY BETT] :AT HE CALLS ! 0DIV9E LAW10 & ! LAWY] PRATES ( DIV9E LAW1 ?AT ! CIVIL LAW MAY BE ! BETT] OBEY$4 

,& BY ?AT HABIT ( SUBMISSION1 ) :I* WE >E ONLY TOO FAMILI>1 ! ?\<T ( ! NEXT G5]ATION RETA9S ?IS RELIGI\S TWI/1 :I* IS AT ONCE S]VILE & AU?ORITATIVE2 = AU?ORITY & S]VILITY WALK EV] H& 9 H&4 

,DUR+ !SE SLUMB]\S 9T]LUDES1 MORALS >E R>ELY DISCUSS$4 ,RELIGI\S PRACTICES & JUDICIAL HYPOCRISY TAKE !IR PLACE4 ,PEOPLE DO NOT CRITICIZE1 !Y LET !MSELVES BE DRAWN BY HABIT1 OR 9DIFF]5CE4 ,!Y DO NOT PUT !MSELVES \T = OR AGA9/ ! E/ABLI%$ MORALITY4 ,!Y DO !IR BE/ TO MAKE !IR ACTIONS APPE> TO ACCORD ) !IR .-PR(ESSIONS.-4 

,ALL ?AT WAS GOOD1 GREAT1 G5]\S OR 9DEP5D5T 9 MAN1 LITTLE BY LITTLE BECOMES MOSS-GR[N2 RU/S LIKE A DISUS$ KNIFE4 ,A LIE BECOMES A VIRTUE1 A PLATITUDE A DUTY4 ,TO 5RI* ONESELF1 TO SEIZE ONE'S OPPORTUNITIES1 TO EXHAU/ ONE'S 9TELLIG5CE1 ZEAL & 5]GY1 NO MATT] H[1 BECOME ! WAT*WORDS ( ! COM=TABLE CLASSES1 AS WELL AS ( ! CR[D ( POOR FOLK :OSE IDEAL IS TO APPE> B\RGEOIS4 ,!N ! DEGRADATION ( ! RUL] & ( ! JUDGE1 ( ! CL]GY & ( ! MORE OR LESS COM=TABLE CLASSES BECOMES SO REVOLT+ ?AT ! P5DULUM BEG9S TO SW+ ! O!R WAY4 

,LITTLE BY LITTLE1 Y\? FREES ITSELF4 ,IT FL+S OV]BO>D ITS PREJUDICES1 & IT BEG9S TO CRITICIZE4 ,?\<T REAWAK5S1 AT FIR/ AMONG ! FEW3 BUT 9S5SIBLY ! AWAK5+ REA*ES ! MAJORITY4 ,! IMPULSE IS GIV51 ! REVOLUTION FOLL[S4 

,& EA* TIME ! QUE/ION ( MORALITY COMES UP AGA94 0,:Y %\LD ,I FOLL[ ! PR9CIPLES ( ?IS HYPOCRITICAL MORALITY80 ASKS ! BRA91 RELEAS$ FROM RELIGI\S T]RORS4 0,:Y %\LD ANY MORALITY BE OBLIGATORY80 

,!N PEOPLE TRY TO ACC\NT = ! MORAL S5TIM5T ?AT !Y MEET AT EV]Y TURN )\T HAV+ EXPLA9$ IT TO !MSELVES4 ,& !Y WILL NEV] EXPLA9 IT SO LONG AS !Y BELIEVE IT A PRIVILEGE ( HUMAN NATURE1 SO LONG AS !Y DO NOT DESC5D TO ANIMALS1 PLANTS & ROCKS TO UND]/& IT4 ,!Y SEEK ! ANSW]1 H[EV]1 9 ! SCI5CE ( ! H\R4 

,&1 IF WE MAY V5TURE TO SAY SO1 ! MORE ! BASIS ( CONV5TIONAL MORALITY1 OR RA!R ( ! HYPOCRISY ?AT FILLS ITS PLACE IS SAPP$1 ! MORE ! MORAL PLANE ( SOCIETY IS RAIS$4 ,IT IS ABOVE ALL AT SU* TIMES1 PRECISELY :5 FOLKS >E CRITICIZ+ & D5Y+ IT1 ?AT MORAL S5TIM5T MAKES ! MO/ PROGRESS4 ,IT IS !N ?AT IT GR[S1 ?AT IT IS RAIS$ & REF9$4 

,YE>S AGO ! Y\? ( ,RUSSIA W]E PASSIONATELY AGITAT$ BY ?IS V]Y QUE/ION4 0,I WILL BE IMMORAL60 A Y\NG NIHILI/ CAME & SAID TO HIS FRI5D1 ?US TRANSLAT+ 9TO ACTION ! ?\<TS ?AT GAVE HIM NO RE/4 0,I WILL BE IMMORAL1 & :Y %\LD ,I NOT8 ,BECAUSE ! ,BIBLE WILLS IT8 ,BUT ! ,BIBLE IS ONLY A COLLECTION ( ,BABYLONIAN & ,HEBREW TRADITIONS1 TRADITIONS COLLECT$ & PUT TOGE!R LIKE ! ,HOM]IC POEMS1 OR AS IS BE+ DONE /ILL ) ,BASQUE POEMS & ,MONGOLIAN LEG5DS4 ,MU/ ,I !N GO BACK TO ! /ATE ( M9D ( ! HALF-CIVILIZ$ PEOPLES ( ! ,EA/8 

0,MU/ ,I BE MORAL BECAUSE ,KANT TELLS ME ( A CATEGORIC IMP]ATIVE1 ( A MY/]I\S COMM& :I* COMES TO ME FROM ! DEP?S ( MY [N BE+ & BIDS ME BE MORAL8 ,BUT :Y %\LD ?IS ^*CATEGORIC IMP]ATIVE' EX]CISE A GREAT] AU?ORITY OV] MY ACTIONS ?AN ?AT O!R IMP]ATIVE1 :I* AT TIMES MAY COMM& ME TO GET DRUNK4 ,A WORD1 NO?+ BUT A WORD1 LIKE ! WORDS ^*,PROVID5CE1' OR ^*,DE/9Y1' 9V5T$ TO CONCEAL \R IGNORANCE4 

0,OR P]HAPS ,I AM TO BE MORAL TO OBLIGE ,B5?AM1 :O WANTS ME TO BELIEVE ?AT ,I %ALL BE HAPPI] IF ,I DR[N TO SAVE A PASS]BY :O HAS FALL5 9TO ! RIV] ?AN IF ,I WAT*$ HIM DR[N8 

0,OR P]HAPS BECAUSE SU* HAS BE5 MY $UCATION8 ,BECAUSE MY MO!R TAU<T ME MORALITY8 ,%ALL ,I !N GO & KNEEL D[N 9 A *UR*1 HONOR ! ,QUE51 B[ BE=E ! JUDGE ,I KN[ = A SC\NDREL1 SIMPLY BECAUSE \R MO!RS1 \R GOOD IGNORANT MO!RS1 HAVE TAU<T US SU* A PACK ( NONS5SE8 

0,I AM PREJUDIC$1--LIKE EV]YONE ELSE4 ,I WILL TRY TO RID MYSELF ( PREJUDICE6 ,EV5 ?\< IMMORALITY BE DI/A/EFUL1 ,I WILL YET =CE MYSELF TO BE IMMORAL1 AS :5 ,I WAS A BOY ,I =C$ MYSELF TO GIVE UP FE>+ ! D>K1 ! *UR*Y>D1 <O/S & DEAD PEOPLE--ALL ( :I* ,I HAD BE5 TAU<T TO FE>4 

0,IT WILL BE IMMORAL TO SNAP A WEAPON ABUS$ BY RELIGION2 ,I WILL DO IT1 W]E IT ONLY TO PROTECT AGA9/ ! HYPOCRISY IMPOS$ ON US 9 ! NAME ( A WORD TO :I* ! NAME MORALITY HAS BE5 GIV560 

,SU* WAS ! WAY 9 :I* ! Y\? ( ,RUSSIA REASON$ :5 !Y BROKE ) OLD-WORLD PREJUDICES1 & UNFURL$ ?IS BANN] ( NIHILI/ OR RA!R ( AN>*I/ PHILOSOPHY3 TO B5D ! KNEE TO NO AU?ORITY :ATSOEV]1 H[EV] RESPECT$2 TO ACCEPT NO PR9CIPLE SO LONG AS IT IS UNE/ABLI%$ BY REASON4 

,NE$ WE ADD1 ?AT AFT] PIT*+ 9TO ! WA/E-PAP] BASKET ! TEA*+S ( !IR FA!RS1 & BURN+ ALL SY/EMS ( MORALITY1 ! NIHILI/ Y\? DEVELOP$ 9 !IR MID/ A NUCLEUS ( MORAL CU/OMS1 9F9ITELY SUP]IOR TO ANY?+ ?AT !IR FA!RS HAD PRACTIC$ UND] ! CONTROL ( ! 0,GOSPEL10 ( ! 0,CONSCI5CE10 ( ! 0,CATEGORIC ,IMP]ATIVE10 OR ( ! 0,RECOGNIZ$ ,ADVANTAGE0 ( ! UTILIT>IAN4 ,BUT BE=E ANSW]+ ! QUE/ION1 0,:Y AM ,I TO BE MORAL80 LET US SEE IF ! QUE/ION IS WELL PUT2 LET US ANALYZE ! MOTIVES ( HUMAN ACTION4 

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,PHOTO BY MOLIMON/]#f#f#f1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE  

,SECTION ,I,I 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,:5 \R ANCE/ORS WI%$ TO ACC\NT = :AT L$ M5 TO ACT 9 ONE WAY OR ANO!R1 !Y DID SO 9 A V]Y SIMPLE FA%ION4 ,D[N TO ! PRES5T DAY1 C]TA9 CA?OLIC IMAGES MAY BE SE5 ?AT REPRES5T ?IS EXPLANATION4 ,A MAN IS GO+ ON HIS WAY1 & )\T BE+ 9 ! LEA/ AW>E ( IT1 C>RIES A DEVIL ON HIS LEFT %\LD] & AN ANGEL ON HIS RI<T4 ,! DEVIL PROMPTS HIM TO DO EVIL1 ! ANGEL TRIES TO KEEP HIM BACK4 ,& IF ! ANGEL GETS ! BE/ ( IT & ! MAN REMA9S VIRTU\S1 ?REE O!R ANGELS CAT* HIM UP & C>RY HIM TO HEAV54 ,9 ?IS WAY EV]Y?+ IS EXPLA9$ WONDR\SLY WELL4 

,OLD ,RUSSIAN NURSES FULL ( SU* LORE WILL TELL Y\ NEV] TO PUT A *ILD TO B$ )\T UNBUTTON+ ! COLL> ( ITS %IRT4 ,A W>M SPOT AT ! BOTTOM ( ! NECK %\LD BE LEFT B>E1 :]E ! GU>DIAN ANGEL MAY NE/LE4 ,O!RWISE ! DEVIL WILL WORRY ! *ILD EV5 9 ITS SLEEP4 

,!SE >TLESS CONCEPTIONS >E PASS+ AWAY4 ,BUT ?\< ! OLD WORDS DISAPPE>1 ! ESS5TIAL IDEA REMA9S ! SAME4 

,WELL BR\<T UP FOLKS NO LONG] BELIEVE 9 ! DEVIL1 BUT AS !IR IDEAS >E NO MORE RATIONAL ?AN ?OSE ( \R NURSES1 !Y DO BUT DISGUISE DEVIL & ANGEL UND] A P$ANTIC WORD9ESS HONOR$ ) ! NAME ( PHILOSOPHY4 ,!Y DO NOT SAY 0DEVIL0 N[ADAYS1 BUT 0! FLE%10 OR 0! PASSIONS40 ,!0ANGEL0 IS REPLAC$ BY ! WORDS 0CONSCI5CE0 OR 0S\L10 BY 0REFLECTION ( ! ?\<T ( A DIV9E CREATOR0 OR 0! ,GREAT ,>*ITECT10 AS ! ,FREE- ,MASONS SAY4 ,BUT MAN'S ACTION IS /ILL REPRES5T$ AS ! RESULT ( A /RUGGLE BETWE5 TWO HO/ILE ELEM5TS4 ,& A MAN IS ALWAYS CONSID]$ VIRTU\S JU/ 9 ! DEGREE TO :I* ONE ( !SE TWO ELEM5TS --! S\L OR CONSCI5CE-- IS VICTORI\S OV] ! O!R --! FLE% OR PASSIONS4 

,IT IS EASY TO UND]/& ! A/ONI%M5T ( \R GREAT-GR&FA!RS :5 ! ,5GLI% PHILOSOPH]S1 & LAT] ! ,5CYCLOP$I/S1 BEGAN TO AFFIRM 9 OPPOSITION TO !SE PRIMITIVE IDEAS ?AT ! DEVIL & ! ANGEL HAD NO?+ TO DO ) HUMAN ACTION1 BUT ?AT ALL ACTS ( MAN1 GOOD OR BAD1 USEFUL OR BANEFUL1 >ISE FROM A S+LE MOTIVE3 ! LU/ = PLEASURE4 

,! :OLE RELIGI\S CONFRAT]NITY1 &1 ABOVE ALL1 ! NUM]\S SECTS ( ! PH>ISEES %\T$ 0IMMORALITY40 ,!Y COV]$ ! ?9K]S ) 9SULT1 !Y EXCOMMUNICAT$ !M4 ,& :5 LAT] ON 9 ! C\RSE ( ! C5TURY ! SAME IDEAS W]E AGA9 TAK5 UP BY ,B5?AM1 ,JOHN ,/U>T ,MILL1 ,T*]NIS*EVSKY1 & A HO/ ( O!RS1 & :5 !SE ?9K]S BEGAN TO AFFIRM & PROVE ?AT EGOISM1 OR ! LU/ = PLEASURE1 IS ! TRUE MOTIVE ( ALL \R ACTIONS1 ! MAL$ICTIONS R$\BL$4 ,! BOOKS W]E BANN$ BY A CONSPIRACY ( SIL5CE2 ! AU?ORS W]E TREAT$ AS DUNCES4 

,& YET :AT CAN BE MORE TRUE ?AN ! ASS]TION !Y MADE8 

,H]E IS A MAN :O SNAT*ES ITS LA/ M\?FUL ( BREAD FROM A *ILD4 ,EV]Y ONE AGREES 9 SAY+ ?AT HE IS A HORRIBLE EGOI/1 ?AT HE IS GUID$ SOLELY BY SELF-LOVE4 

,BUT N[ H]E IS ANO!R MAN1 :OM EV]Y ONE AGREES TO RECOGNIZE AS VIRTU\S4 ,HE %>ES HIS LA/ BIT ( BREAD ) ! HUNGRY1 & /RIPS (F HIS COAT TO CLO! ! NAK$4 ,& ! MORALI/S1 /ICK+ TO !IR RELIGI\S J>GON1 HA/5 TO SAY ?AT ?IS MAN C>RIES ! LOVE ( HIS NEI<BOR TO ! PO9T ( SELF-ABNEGATION1 ?AT HE OBEYS A :OLLY DIFF]5T PASSION FROM ?AT ( ! EGOI/4 ,& YET ) A LITTLE REFLECTION WE SOON DISCOV] ?AT H[EV] GREAT ! DIFF]5CE BETWE5 ! TWO ACTIONS 9 !IR RESULT = HUMANITY1 ! MOTIVE HAS /ILL BE5 ! SAME4 ,IT IS ! QUE/ ( PLEASURE4 

,IF ! MAN :O GIVES AWAY HIS LA/ %IRT F\ND NO PLEASURE 9 DO+ SO1 HE W\LD NOT DO IT4 ,IF HE F\ND PLEASURE 9 TAK+ BREAD FROM A *ILD1 HE W\LD DO ?AT BUT ?IS IS DI/A/EFUL TO HIM4 ,HE F9DS PLEASURE 9 GIV+1 & SO HE GIVES4 ,IF IT W]E NOT 9CONV5I5T TO CAUSE CONFUSION BY EMPLOY+ 9 A NEW S5SE WORDS ?AT HAVE A RECOGNIZ$ MEAN+1 IT MI<T BE SAID ?AT 9 BO? CASES ! M5 ACT$ UND] ! IMPULSE ( !IR EGOISM4 ,SOME HAVE ACTUALLY SAID ?IS1 TO GIVE PROM95CE TO ! ?\<T & PRECISION TO ! IDEA BY PRES5T+ IT 9 A =M ?AT /RIKES ! IMAG9ATION1 & AT ! SAME TIME TO DE/ROY ! MY? :I* ASS]TS ?AT !SE TWO ACTS HAVE TWO DIFF]5T MOTIVES4 ,!Y HAVE ! SAME MOTIVE1 ! QUE/ ( PLEASURE1 OR ! AVOIDANCE ( PA91 :I* COMES TO ! SAME ?+4 

,TAKE = EXAMPLE ! WOR/ ( SC\NDRELS3 A ,?I]S1 :O MASSACRES ?IRTY-FIVE ?\S& ,P>ISIANS1 OR AN ASSASS9 :O BUT*]S A :OLE FAMILY 9 ORD] ?AT HE MAY WALL[ 9 DEBAU*]Y4 ,!Y DO IT BECAUSE = ! MOM5T ! DESIRE ( GLORY OR ( MONEY GA9S 9 !IR M9DS ! UPP] H& ( EV]Y O!R DESIRE4 ,EV5 PITY & COMPASSION >E EXT+UI%$ = ! MOM5T BY ?IS O!R DESIRE1 ?IS O!R ?IR/4 ,!Y ACT ALMO/ AUTOMATICALLY TO SATISFY A CRAV+ ( !IR NATURE4 ,OR AGA91 PUTT+ ASIDE ! /RONG] PASSIONS1 TAKE ! PETTY MAN :O DECEIVES HIS FRI5DS1 :O LIES AT EV]Y /EP TO GET \T ( SOMEBODY ! PRICE ( A POT ( BE]1 OR FROM %E] LOVE ( BRAG1 OR FROM CUNN+4 ,TAKE ! EMPLOY] :O *EATS HIS WORKM5 TO BUY JEWELS = HIS WIFE OR HIS MI/RESS4 ,TAKE ANY PETTY SC\NDREL Y\ LIKE4 ,HE AGA9 ONLY OBEYS AN IMPULSE4 ,HE SEEKS ! SATISFACTION ( A CRAV+1 OR HE SEEKS TO ESCAPE :AT W\LD GIVE HIM TR\BLE4 

,WE >E ALMO/ A%AM$ TO COMP>E SU* PETTY SC\NDRELS ) ONE :O SACRIFICES HIS :OLE EXI/5CE TO FREE ! OPPRESS$1 & LIKE A ,RUSSIAN NIHILI/ M\NTS ! SCAFFOLD4 ,SO VA/LY DIFF]5T = HUMANITY >E ! RESULTS ( !SE TWO LIVES2 SO MU* DO WE FEEL \RSELVES DRAWN T[>DS ! ONE & REPELL$ BY ! O!R4 

,& YET W]E Y\ TO TALK TO SU* A M>TYR1 TO ! WOMAN :O IS AB\T TO BE HANG$1 EV5 JU/ AS %E NE>S ! GALL[S1 %E W\LD TELL Y\ ?AT %E W\LD NOT EX*ANGE EI!R H] LIFE OR H] DEA? = ! LIFE ( ! PETTY SC\NDREL :O LIVES ON ! MONEY /OL5 FROM HIS WORK-PEOPLE4 ,9 H] LIFE1 9 ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ MON/R\S MI<T1 %E F9DS H] HI<E/ JOYS4 ,EV]Y?+ ELSE \TSIDE ! /RUGGLE1 ALL ! LITTLE JOYS ( ! B\RGEOIS & HIS LITTLE TR\BLES SEEM TO H] SO CONTEMPTIBLE1 SO TIRESOME1 SO PITIABLE6 0,Y\ DO NOT LIVE1 Y\ VEGETATE10 %E W\LD REPLY2 0,I HAVE LIV$40 

,WE >E SPEAK+ ( C\RSE ( ! DELIB]ATE1 CONSCI\S ACTS ( M51 RES]V+ = ! PRES5T :AT WE HAVE TO SAY AB\T ?AT IMM5SE S]IES ( UNCONSCI\S1 ALL BUT ME*ANICAL ACTS1 :I* OCCUPY SO L>GE A PORTION ( \R LIFE4 ,9 HIS DELIB]ATE1 CONSCI\S ACTS MAN ALWAYS SEEKS :AT WILL GIVE HIM PLEASURE4 

,ONE MAN GETS DRUNK1 & EV]Y DAY L[]S HIMSELF TO ! CONDITION ( A BRUTE BECAUSE HE SEEKS 9 LIQUOR ! N]V\S EXCITEM5T ?AT HE CANNOT OBTA9 FROM HIS [N N]V\S SY/EM4 ,ANO!R DOES NOT GET DRUNK2 HE TAKES NO LIQUOR1 EV5 ?\< HE F9DS IT PLEASANT1 BECAUSE HE WANTS TO KEEP ! FRE%NESS ( HIS ?\<TS & ! PL5ITUDE ( HIS P[]S1 ?AT HE MAY BE ABLE TO TA/E O!R PLEASURES :I* HE PREF]S TO DR9K4 ,BUT H[ DOES HE ACT IF NOT LIKE ! JUDGE ( GOOD LIV+ :O1 AFT] GLANC+ AT ! M5U ( AN ELABORATE D9N] REJECTS ONE DI% ?AT HE LIKES V]Y WELL TO EAT HIS FILL ( ANO!R ?AT HE LIKES BETT]4 

,:5 A WOMAN DEPRIVES H]SELF ( H] LA/ PIECE ( BREAD TO GIVE IT TO ! FIR/ COM]1 :5 %E TAKES (F H] [N SCANTY RAGS TO COV] ANO!R WOMAN :O IS COLD1 :ILE %E H]SELF %IV]S ON ! DECK ( A VESSEL1 %E DOES SO BECAUSE %E W\LD SUFF] 9F9ITELY MORE 9 SEE+ A HUNGRY MAN1 OR A WOMAN />V$ ) COLD1 ?AN 9 %IV]+ OR FEEL+ HUNGRY H]SELF4 ,%E ESCAPES A PA9 ( :I* ONLY ?OSE :O HAVE FELT IT KN[ ! 9T5SITY4 

,:5 ! ,AU/RALIAN1 QUOT$ BY ,GUYAU1 WA/$ AWAY B5EA? ! IDEA ?AT HE HAS NOT YET REV5G$ HIS K9SMAN'S DEA?2 :5 HE GR[S ?9 & PALE1 A PREY TO ! CONSCI\SNESS ( HIS C[>DICE1 & DOES NOT RETURN TO LIFE TILL HE HAS DONE ! DE$ ( V5GEANCE1 HE P]=MS ?IS ACTION1 A H]OIC ONE SOMETIMES1 TO FREE HIMSELF ( A FEEL+ :I* POSSESSES HIM1 TO REGA9 ?AT 9W>D PEACE :I* IS ! HI<E/ ( PLEASURES4 

,:5 A TR\PE ( MONKEYS HAS SE5 ONE ( ITS MEMB]S FALL 9 CONSEQU5CE ( A HUNT]'S %OT1 & COMES TO BESIEGE HIS T5T & CLAIM ! BODY DESPITE ! ?REAT5+ GUN2 :5 AT L5G? ! ,ELD] ( ! B& GOES RI<T 91 FIR/ ?REAT5S ! HUNT]1 !N IMPLORES HIM1 & F9ALLY BY HIS LAM5TATIONS 9DUCES HIM TO GIVE UP ! CORPSE1 :I* ! GROAN+ TR\PE C>RY (F 9TO ! =E/1 !SE MONKEYS OBEY A FEEL+ ( COMPASSION /RONG] ?AN ALL CONSID]ATIONS ( P]SONAL SECURITY4 ,?IS FEEL+ 9 !M EXCE$S ALL O!RS4 ,LIFE ITSELF LOSES ITS ATTRACTION = !M :ILE !Y >E NOT SURE :E!R !Y CAN RE/ORE LIFE TO !IR COMRADE OR NOT4 ,?IS FEEL+ BECOMES SO OPPRESSIVE ?AT ! POOR BRUTES DO EV]Y?+ TO GET RID ( IT4 

,:5 ! ANTS RU% BY ?\S&S 9TO ! FLAMES ( ! BURN+ ANT-HILL1 :I* ?AT EVIL BEA/1 MAN1 HAS SET ON FIRE1 & P]I% BY HUNDR$S TO RESCUE !IR L>VAE1 !Y AGA9 OBEY A CRAV+ TO SAVE !IR (FSPR+4 ,!Y RISK EV]Y?+ = ! SAKE ( BR++ AWAY ! L>VAE ?AT !Y HAVE BR\<T UP ) MORE C>E ?AN MANY WOM5 BE/[ ON !IR *ILDR54 

,TO SEEK PLEASURE1 TO AVOID PA91 IS ! G5]AL L9E ( ACTION 7SOME W\LD SAY LAW7 ( ! ORGANIC WORLD4 

,)\T ?IS QUE/ ( ! AGREEABLE1 LIFE ITSELF W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,ORGANISMS W\LD DIS9TEGRATE1 LIFE CEASE4 

,?US :ATEV] A MAN'S ACTIONS & L9E ( CONDUCT MAY BE1 HE DOES :AT HE DOES 9 OB$I5CE TO A CRAV+ ( HIS NATURE4 ,! MO/ REPULSIVE ACTIONS1 NO LESS ?AN ACTIONS :I* >E 9DIFF]5T OR MO/ ATTRACTIVE1 >E ALL EQUALLY DICTAT$ BY A NE$ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL :O P]=MS !M4 ,LET HIM ACT AS HE MAY1 ! 9DIVIDUAL ACTS AS HE DOES BECAUSE HE F9DS A PLEASURE 9 IT1 OR AVOIDS1 OR ?9KS HE AVOIDS1 A PA94 

,H]E WE HAVE A WELL-E/ABLI%$ FACT4 ,H]E WE HAVE ! ESS5CE ( :AT HAS BE5 CALL$ ! EGOI/IC !ORY4 

,V]Y WELL1 >E WE ANY BETT] (F = HAV+ REA*$ ?IS G5]AL CONCLUSION8 

,YES1 C]TA9LY WE >E4 ,WE HAVE CONQU]$ A TRU? & DE/ROY$ A PREJUDICE :I* LIES AT ! ROOT ( ALL PREJUDICES4 ,ALL MAT]IALI/ PHILOSOPHY 9 ITS RELATION TO MAN IS IMPLI$ 9 ?IS CONCLUSION4 ,BUT DOES IT FOLL[ ?AT ALL ! ACTIONS ( ! 9DIVIDUAL >E 9DIFF]5T1 AS SOME HAVE HA/5$ TO CONCLUDE8 ,?IS IS :AT WE HAVE N[ TO SEE4 

O ,SECTION #c 

,PHOTO BY ,ALEX&RE ,DULAUNOY1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE  

,SECTION ,I,I,I 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?AT M5'S ACTIONS 7!IR DELIB]ATE & CONSCI\S ACTIONS1 = WE WILL SPEAK AFT]W>DS ( UNCONSCI\S HABITS7 ALL HAVE ! SAME ORIG94 ,?OSE ?AT >E CALL$ VIRTU\S & ?OSE ?AT >E DESIGNAT$ AS VICI\S1 GREAT DEVOTIONS & PETTY KNAV]IES1 ACTS ?AT ATTRACT & ACTS ?AT REPEL1 ALL SPR+ FROM A COMMON S\RCE4 ,ALL >E P]=M$ 9 ANSW] TO SOME NE$ ( ! 9DIVIDUAL'S NATURE4 ALL HAVE = !IR 5D ! QUE/ ( PLEASURE1 ! DESIRE TO AVOID PA94 

,WE HAVE SE5 ?IS 9 ! LA/ SECTION1 :I* IS BUT A V]Y SUCC9CT SUMM>Y ( A MASS ( FACTS ?AT MI<T BE BR\<T =W>D 9 SUPPORT ( ?IS VIEW4 ,IT IS EASY TO UND]/& H[ ?IS EXPLANATION MAKES ?OSE /ILL IMBU$ ) RELIGI\S PR9CIPLES CRY \T4 ,IT LEAVES NO ROOM = ! SUP]NATURAL4 ,IT ?R[S OV] ! IDEA ( AN IMMORTAL S\L4 ,IF MAN ONLY ACTS 9 OB$I5CE TO ! NE$S ( HIS NATURE1 IF HE IS1 SO TO SAY1 BUT A 0CONSCI\S AUTOMATON10 :AT BECOMES ( ! IMMORTAL S\L8 ,:AT ( IMMORTALITY1 ?AT LA/ REFUGE ( ?OSE :O HAVE KN[N TOO FEW PLEASURES & TOO MANY SUFF]+S1 & :O DREAM ( F9D+ SOME COMP5SATION 9 ANO!R WORLD8 

,IT IS EASY TO UND]/& H[ PEOPLE :O HAVE GR[N UP 9 PREJUDICE & ) BUT LITTLE CONFID5CE 9 SCI5CE1 :I* HAS SO (T5 DECEIV$ !M1 PEOPLE :O >E L$ BY FEEL+ RA!R ?AN ?\<T1 REJECT AN EXPLANATION :I* TAKES FROM !M !IR LA/ HOPE4 

O ,SECTION #d 
,SECTION ,I,V 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,PHOTO BY ,ROB ,DUPUIS1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,MOSAIC1 ,BUDDHI/1 ,*RI/IAN & ,MUSSULMAN !OLOGIANS HAVE HAD REC\RSE TO DIV9E 9SPIRATION TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL4 ,!Y HAVE SE5 ?AT MAN1 BE HE SAVAGE OR CIVILIZ$1 IGNORANT OR LE>N$1 P]V]SE OR K9DLY & HONE/1 ALWAYS KN[S IF HE IS ACT+ WELL OR ILL1 ESPECIALLY ALWAYS KN[S IF HE IS ACT+ ILL4 ,& AS !Y HAVE F\ND NO EXPLANATION ( ?IS G5]AL FACT1 !Y HAVE PUT IT D[N TO DIV9E 9SPIRATION4 ,METAPHYSICAL PHILOSOPH]S1 ON !IR SIDE1 HAVE TOLD US ( CONSCI5CE1 ( A MY/IC 0IMP]ATIVE10 &1 AFT] ALL1 HAVE *ANG$ NO?+ BUT ! PHRASES4 

,BUT NEI!R HAVE KN[N H[ TO E/IMATE ! V]Y SIMPLE & V]Y /RIK+ FACT ?AT ANIMALS LIV+ 9 SOCIETIES >E ALSO ABLE TO DI/+UI% BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL1 JU/ AS MAN DOES4 ,MOREOV]1 !IR CONCEPTIONS ( GOOD & EVIL >E ( ! SAME NATURE AS ?OSE ( MAN4 ,AMONG ! BE/ DEVELOP$ REPRES5TATIVES ( EA* SEP>ATE CLASS1 -- FI%1 9SECTS1 BIRDS1 MAMMALS1 -- !Y >E EV5 ID5TICAL4 

.<,AUGU/E-,H5RI.> ,=EL1 ?AT 9IMITABLE OBS]V] ( ANTS1 HAS %[N BY A MASS ( OBS]VATIONS & FACTS ?AT :5 AN ANT :O HAS H] CROP WELL FILL$ ) HONEY MEETS O!R ANTS ) EMPTY /OMA*S1 ! LATT] IMM$IATELY ASK H] = FOOD4 ,& AMONG !SE LITTLE 9SECTS IT IS ! DUTY ( ! SATISFI$ ANT TO DISGORGE ! HONEY ?AT H] HUNGRY FRI5DS MAY ALSO BE SATISFI$4 ,ASK ! ANTS IF IT W\LD BE RI<T TO REFUSE FOOD TO O!R ANTS ( ! SAME AN?ILL :5 ONE HAS HAD ONE,US %>E4 ,!Y WILL ANSW]1 BY ACTIONS IMPOSSIBLE TO MI/AKE1 ?AT IT W\LD BE EXTREMELY WRONG4 ,SO SELFI% AN ANT W\LD BE MORE H>%LY TREAT$ ?AN 5EMIES ( ANO!R SPECIES4 ,IF SU* A ?+ HAPP5S DUR+ A BATTLE BETWE5 TWO DIFF]5T SPECIES1 ! ANTS W\LD /OP FI<T+ TO FALL UPON !IR SELFI% COMRADE4 ,?IS FACT HAS BE5 PROV$ BY EXP]IM5TS :I* EXCLUDE ALL D\BT4 

,OR AGA91 ASK ! SP>R[S LIV+ 9 Y\R G>D5 IF IT IS RI<T NOT TO GIVE NOTICE TO ALL ! LITTLE SOCIETY :5 SOME CRUMBS >E ?R[N \T1 SO ?AT ALL MAY COME & %>E 9 ! MEAL4 ,ASK !M IF ?AT H$GE SP>R[ HAS DONE RI<T 9 /EAL+ FROM HIS NEI<BOR'S NE/ ?OSE /RAWS HE HAD PICK$ UP1 /RAWS :I* ! ?IEF WAS TOO LAZY TO GO & COLLECT HIMSELF4 ,! SP>R[S WILL ANSW] ?AT HE IS V]Y WRONG1 BY FLY+ AT ! ROBB] & PECK+ HIM4 

,OR ASK ! M>MOTS IF IT IS RI<T = ONE TO REFUSE ACCESS TO HIS UND]GR\ND /OREH\SE TO O!R M>MOTS ( ! SAME COLONY4 !Y WILL ANSW] ?AT IT IS V]Y WRONG1 BY QU>REL+ 9 ALL SORTS ( WAYS ) ! MIS]4 

,F9ALLY1 ASK PRIMITIVE MAN IF IT IS RI<T TO TAKE FOOD 9 ! T5T ( A MEMB] ( ! TRIBE DUR+ HIS ABS5CE4 ,HE WILL ANSW] ?AT1 IF ! MAN C\LD GET HIS FOOD = HIMSELF1 IT WAS V]Y WRONG4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 IF HE WAS WE>Y OR 9 WANT1 HE \<T TO TAKE FOOD :]E HE F9DS IT2 BUT 9 SU* A CASE1 HE WILL DO WELL TO LEAVE HIS CAP OR HIS KNIFE1 OR EV5 A BIT ( KNOTT$ /R+1 SO ?AT ! ABS5T HUNT] MAY KN[ ON HIS RETURN ?AT A FRI5D HAS BE5 !RE1 NOT A ROBB]4 ,SU* A PRECAUTION WILL SAVE HIM ! ANXIETY CAUS$ BY ! POSSIBLE PRES5CE ( A M>AUD] NE> HIS T5T4 

,?\S&S ( SIMIL> FACTS MI<T BE QUOT$1 :OLE BOOKS MI<T BE WRITT51 TO %[ H[ ID5TICAL >E ! CONCEPTIONS ( GOOD & EVIL AMONG M5 & ! O!R ANIMALS4 

,! ANT1 ! BIRD1 ! M>MOT1 ! SAVAGE HAVE READ NEI!R ,KANT NOR ! FA!RS ( ! ,*UR* NOR EV5 ,MOSES4 ,& YET ALL HAVE ! SAME IDEA ( GOOD & EVIL4 ,& IF Y\ RE- FLECT = A MOM5T ON :AT LIES AT ! BOTTOM ( ?IS IDEA1 Y\ WILL SEE DIRECTLY ?AT :AT IS CONSID]$ GOOD AMONG ANTS1 M>MOTS1 & ,*RI/IAN OR A!I/ MORALI/S IS ?AT :I* IS USEFUL = ! PRES]VATION ( ! RACE2 & ?AT :I* IS CONSID]$ EVIL IS ?AT :I* IS HURTFUL = RACE PRES]VATION4 ,NOT = ! 9DIVIDUAL1 AS ,B5?AM & ,MILL PUT IT1 BUT FAIR & GOOD = ! :OLE RACE4 

,! IDEA ( GOOD & EVIL HAS ?US NO?+ TO DO ) RELIGION OR A MY/IC CONSCI5CE4 ,IT IS A NATURAL NE$ ( ANIMAL RACES4 ,& :5 F\ND]S ( RELIGIONS1 PHILOSOPH]S1 & MORALI/S TELL US ( DIV9E OR METAPHYSICAL 5TITIES1 !Y >E ONLY RECA/+ :AT EA* ANT1 EA* SP>R[ PRACTICES 9 ITS LITTLE SOCIETY4 

,IS ?IS USEFUL TO SOCIETY8 ,!N IT IS GOOD4 ,IS ?IS HURTFUL8 ,!N IT IS BAD4 

,?IS IDEA MAY BE EXTREMELY RE/RICT$ AMONG 9F]IOR ANIMALS1 IT MAY BE 5L>G$ AMONG ! MORE ADVANC$ ANIMALS2 BUT ITS ESS5CE ALWAYS REMA9S ! SAME4 

,AMONG ANTS IT DOES NOT EXT5D BEYOND ! AN?ILL4 ,ALL SOCIABLE CU/OMS1 ALL RULES ( GOOD BEHAVIOR >E APPLICABLE ONLY TO ! 9DIVIDUALS 9 ?AT ONE AN?ILL1 NOT TO ANY O!RS4 ,ONE AN?ILL WILL NOT CONSID] ANO!R AS BELONG+ TO ! SAME FAMILY1 UNLESS UND] SOME EXCEPTIONAL CIRCUM/ANCES1 SU* AS A COMMON DI/RESS FALL+ UPON BO?4 ,9 ! SAME WAY ! SP>R[S 9 ! ,LUXEMB\RG ,G>D5S 9 ,P>IS1 ?\< !Y WILL MUTUALLY AID ONE ANO!R 9 A /RIK+ MANN]1 WILL FI<T TO ! DEA? ) ANO!R SP>R[ FROM ! ,MONGE ,SQU>E :O MAY D>E TO V5TURE 9TO ! ,LUXEMB\RG4 ,& ! SAVAGE WILL LOOK UPON A SAVAGE ( ANO!R TRIBE AS A P]SON TO :OM ! USAGES ( HIS [N TRIBE DO NOT APPLY4 ,IT IS EV5 ALL[ABLE TO SELL TO HIM1 & TO SELL IS ALWAYS TO ROB ! BUY] MORE OR LESS2 BUY] OR SELL]1 ONE OR O!R IS ALWAYS 0SOLD40 ,A ,T*\T*E W\LD ?9K IT A CRIME TO SELL TO ! MEMB]S ( HIS TRIBE3 TO !M HE GIVES )\T ANY RECKON+4 ,& CIVILIZ$ MAN1 :5 AT LA/ HE UND]/&S ! RELATIONS BETWE5 HIMSELF ,9D ! SIMPLE/ ,PAPUAN1 CLOSE RELATIONS1 ?\< IMP]CEPTIBLE AT ! FIR/ GLANCE1 WILL EXT5D HIS PR9CIPLES ( SOLID>ITY TO ! :OLE HUMAN RACE1 & EV5 TO ! ANIMALS4 ,! IDEA 5L>GES1 BUT ITS F\NDATION REMA9S ! SAME4 

,ON ! O!R H&1 ! CONCEPTION ( GOOD OR EVIL V>IES ACCORD+ TO ! DEGREE ( 9TELLIG5CE OR ( KN[L$GE ACQUIR$4 ,!RE IS NO?+ UN*ANGEABLE AB\T IT4 

,PRIMITIVE MAN MAY HAVE ?\<T IT V]Y RI<T --?AT IS1 USEFUL TO ! RACE-- TO EAT HIS AG$ P>5TS :5 !Y BECAME A *>GE UPON ! COMMUNITY-- A V]Y HEAVY *>GE 9 ! MA94 ,HE MAY HAVE ALSO ?\<T IT USEFUL TO ! COMMUNITY TO KILL HIS NEW-BORN *ILDR51 & ONLY KEEP TWO OR ?REE 9 EA* FAMILY1 SO ?AT ! MO!R C\LD SUCKLE !M UNTIL !Y W]E ?REE YE>S OLD & LAVI% MORE ( H] T5D]NESS UPON !M4 

,9 \R DAYS IDEAS HAVE *ANG$1 BUT ! MEANS ( SUBSI/5CE >E NO LONG] :AT !Y W]E 9 ! ,/ONE ,AGE4 ,CIVILIZ$ MAN IS NOT 9 ! POSITION ( ! SAVAGE FAMILY :O HAVE TO *OOSE BETWE5 TWO EVILS3 EI!R TO EAT ! AG$ P>5TS OR ELSE ALL TO GET 9SUFFICI5T N\RI%M5T & SOON F9D !MSELVES UNABLE TO FE$ BO? ! AG$ P>5TS & ! Y\NG *ILDR54 ,WE MU/ TRANSPORT \RSELVES 9TO ?OSE AGES1 :I* WE CAN SC>CELY CALL UP 9 \R M9D1 BE=E WE CAN UND]/& ?AT 9 ! CIRCUM/ANCES !N EXI/+1 HALF-SAVAGE MAN MAY HAVE REASON$ RI<TLY 5\<4 

,WAYS ( ?9K+ MAY *ANGE4 ,! E/IMATE ( :AT IS USEFUL OR HURTFUL TO ! RACE *ANGES1 BUT ! F\NDATION REMA9S ! SAME4 ,& IF WE WI%$ TO SUM UP ! :OLE PHILOSOPHY ( ! ANIMAL K+DOM 9 A S+LE PHRASE1 WE %\LD SEE ?AT ANTS1 BIRDS1 M>MOTS1 & M5 >E AGRE$ ON ONE PO9T4 

,! MORALITY :I* EM]GES FROM ! OBS]VATION ( ! :OLE ANIMAL K+DOM MAY BE SUMM$ UP 9 ! WORDS3 0,DO TO O!RS :AT Y\ W\LD HAVE !M DO TO Y\ 9 ! SAME CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,& IT ADDS3 0,TAKE NOTE ?AT ?IS IS M]ELY A PIECE ( ADVICE2 BUT ?IS ADVICE IS ! FRUIT ( ! LONG EXP]I5CE ( ANIMALS 9 SOCIETY4 ,& AMONG ! GREAT MASS ( SOCIAL ANIMALS1 MAN 9CLUD$1 IT HAS BECOME HABITUAL TO ACT ON ?IS PR9CIPLE4 ,9DE$ )\T ?IS NO SOCIETY C\LD EXI/1 NO RACE C\LD HAVE VANQUI%$ ! NATURAL OB/ACLES AGA9/ :I* IT MU/ /RUGGLE40 

,IS IT REALLY ?IS V]Y SIMPLE PR9CIPLE :I* EM]GES FROM ! OBS]VATION ( SOCIAL ANIMALS & HUMAN SOCIETIES8 ,IS IT APPLICABLE8 ,& H[ DOES ?IS PR9CIPLE PASS 9TO A HABIT & CONT9UALLY DEVELOP8 ,?IS IS :AT WE >E N[ GO+ TO SEE4 

O ,SECTION #e 
,SECTION ,V 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,PHOTO BY LIBR>IANI%I%1,C,C ,B,Y-,S,A ,LIC5SE ,! IDEA ( GOOD & EVIL EXI/S )9 HUMANITY ITSELF4 ,MAN1 :ATEV] DEGREE ( 9TELLECTUAL DEVELOPM5T HE MAY HAVE ATTA9$1 H[EV] HIS IDEAS MAY BE OBSCUR$ BY PREJUDICES & P]SONAL 9T]E/ 9 G5]AL1 CONSID]S AS GOOD ?AT :I* IS USEFUL TO ! SOCIETY :]E9 HE LIVES1 & AS EVIL ?AT :I* IS HURTFUL TO IT4 

,BUT :5CE COMES ?IS CONCEPTION1 (T5 SO VAGUE ?AT IT CAN SC>CELY BE DI/+UI%$ FROM A FEEL+8 ,!RE >E MILLIONS & MILLIONS ( HUMAN BE+S :O HAVE NEV] REFLECT$ AB\T ! HUMAN RACE4 ,!Y KN[ = ! MO/ P>T ONLY ! CLAN OR FAMILY1 R>ELY ! NATION1 /ILL MORE R>ELY MANK9D4 ,H[ CAN IT BE ?AT !Y %\LD CONSID] :AT IS USEFUL = ! HUMAN RACE AS GOOD1 OR EV5 ATTA9 A FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY ) !IR CLAN1 9 SPITE ( ALL !IR N>R[1 SELFI% 9T]E/S8 

,?IS FACT HAS GREATLY OCCUPI$ ?9K]S AT ALL TIMES1 & IT CONT9UES TO OCCUPY !M /ILL4 ,WE >E GO+ 9 \R TURN TO GIVE \R VIEW ( ! MATT]4 ,BUT LET US REM>K 9 PASS+ ?AT ?\< ! EXPLANATIONS ( ! FACT MAY V>Y1 ! FACT ITSELF REMA9S NONE ! LESS 9CONTE/ABLE4 ,& %\LD \R EXPLANATION NOT BE ! TRUE ONE1 OR %\LD IT BE 9COMPLETE1 ! FACT ) ITS CONSEQU5CES TO HUMANITY WILL /ILL REMA94 ,WE MAY NOT BE ABLE FULLY TO EXPLA9 ! ORIG9 ( ! PLANETS REVOLV+ R\ND ! SUN1 BUT ! PLANETS REVOLVE NONE ! LESS1 & ONE ( !M C>RIES US ) IT 9 SPACE4 

,WE HAVE ALREADY SPOK5 ( ! RELIGI\S EXPLANATION4 ,IF MAN DI/+UI%ES BETWE5 GOOD & EVIL1 SAY !OLOGIANS1 IT IS ,GOD :O HAS 9SPIR$ HIM ) ?IS IDEA4 ,USEFUL OR HURTFUL IS NOT = HIM TO 9QUIRE2 HE MU/ M]ELY OBEY ! FIAT ( HIS CREATOR4 ,WE WILL NOT /OP AT ?IS EXPLANATION1 FRUIT ( ! IGNORANCE & T]RORS ( ! SAVAGE4 ,WE PASS ON4 

,O!RS HAVE TRI$ TO EXPLA9 ! FACT BY LAW4 ,IT MU/ HAVE BE5 LAW ?AT DEVELOP$ 9 MAN ! S5SE ( JU/ & UNJU/1 RI<T & WRONG4 ,\R READ]S MAY JUDGE ( ?IS EXPLANATION = !MSELVES4 ,!Y KN[ ?AT LAW HAS M]ELY UTILIZ$ ! SOCIAL FEEL+S ( MAN1 TO SLIP 91 AMONG ! MORAL PRECEPTS HE ACCEPTS1 V>I\S M&ATES USEFUL TO AN EXPLOIT+ M9ORITY1 TO :I* HIS NATURE REFUSES OB$I5CE4 ,LAW HAS P]V]T$ ! FEEL+ ( JU/ICE 9/EAD ( DEVELOP+ IT4 ,AGA9 LET US PASS ON4 

,NEI!R LET US PAUSE AT ! EXPLANATION ( ! ,UTILIT>IANS4 ,!Y WILL HAVE IT ?AT MAN ACTS MORALLY FROM SELF-9T]E/1 & !Y =GET HIS FEEL+S ( SOLID>ITY ) ! :OLE RACE1 :I* EXI/1 :ATEV] BE !IR ORIG94 ,!RE IS SOME TRU? 9 ! ,UTILIT>IAN EXPLANATION4 ,BUT IT IS NOT ! :OLE TRU?4 ,!RE=E1 LET US GO FUR!R4 

,IT IS AGA9 TO ! ?9K]S ( ! EI<TE5? C5TURY ?AT WE >E 9DEBT$ = HAV+ GUESS$1 9 P>T AT ALL EV5TS1 ! ORIG9 ( ! MORAL S5TIM5T4 

,9 A F9E WORK1 ,! ,!ORY ( ,MORAL ,S5TIM5T1 LEFT TO SLUMB] 9 SIL5CE BY RELIGI\S PREJUDICE1 & 9DE$ BUT LITTLE KN[N EV5 AMONG ANTI-RELIGI\S ?9K]S1 ,ADAM ,SMI? HAS LAID HIS F+] ON ! TRUE ORIG9 ( ! MORAL S5TIM5T4 ,HE DOES NOT SEEK IT 9 MY/IC RELIGI\S FEEL+S2 HE F9DS IT SIMPLY 9 ! FEEL+ ( SYMPA?Y4 

,Y\ SEE A MAN BEAT A *ILD4 ,Y\ KN[ ?AT ! BEAT5 *ILD SUFF]S4 ,Y\R IMAG9ATION CAUSES Y\ Y\RSELF TO SUFF] ! PA9 9FLICT$ UPON ! *ILD2 OR P]HAPS ITS TE>S1 ITS LITTLE SUFF]+ FACE TELL Y\4 ,& IF Y\ >E NOT A C[>D1 Y\ RU% AT ! BRUTE :O IS BEAT+ IT & RESCUE IT FROM HIM4 

,?IS EXAMPLE BY ITSELF EXPLA9S ALMO/ ALL ! MORAL S5TIM5TS4 ,! MORE P[]FUL Y\R IMAG9ATION1 ! BETT] Y\ CAN PICTURE TO Y\RSELF :AT ANY BE+ FEELS :5 IT IS MADE TO SUFF]1 & ! MORE 9T5SE & DELICATE WILL Y\R MORAL S5SE BE4 ,! MORE Y\ >E DRAWN TO PUT Y\RSELF 9 ! PLACE ( ! O!R P]SON1 ! MORE Y\ FEEL ! PA9 9FLICT$ UPON HIM1 ! 9SULT (F]$ HIM1 ! 9JU/ICE ( :I* HE IS A VICTIM1 ! MORE WILL Y\ BE URG$ TO ACT SO ?AT Y\ MAY PREV5T ! PA91 9SULT1 OR 9JU/ICE4 ,& ! MORE Y\ >E ACCU/OM$ BY CIRCUM/ANCES1 BY ?OSE SURR\ND+ Y\1 OR BY ! 9T5SITY ( Y\R [N ?\<T & Y\R [N IMAG9ATION1 TO ACT AS Y\R ?\<T & IMAG9ATION URGE1 ! MORE WILL ! MORAL S5TIM5T GR[ 9 Y\1 ! MORE WILL IT BECOME HABITUAL4 

,?IS IS :AT ,ADAM ,SMI? DEVELOPS ) A WEAL? ( EXAMPLES4 ,HE WAS Y\NG :5 HE WROTE ?IS BOOK :I* IS F> SUP]IOR TO ! WORK ( HIS OLD AGE UPON POLITICAL ECON- OMY4 ,FREE FROM RELIGI\S PREJUDICE1 HE S\<T ! EXPLANATION ( MORALITY 9 A PHYSICAL FACT ( HUMAN NATURE1 & ?IS IS :Y (FICIAL & NON-(FICIAL !OLOGICAL PREJUDICE HAS PUT ! TREATISE ON ! ,BLACK ,LI/ = A C5TURY4 

,ADAM ,SMI?'S ONLY MI/AKE WAS NOT TO HAVE UND]/OOD ?AT ?IS SAME FEEL+ ( SYMPA?Y 9 ITS HABITUAL /AGE EXI/S AMONG ANIMALS AS WELL AS AMONG M54 

,! FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY IS ! LEAD+ *>ACT]I/IC ( ALL ANIMALS LIV+ 9 SOCIETY4 ,! EAGLE DEV\RS ! SP>R[1 ! WOLF DEV\RS ! M>MOT4 ,BUT ! EAGLES & ! WOLVES RESPECTIVELY AID EA* O!R 9 HUNT+1 ! SP>R[ & ! M>MOT UNITE AMONG !MSELVES AGA9/ ! BEA/S & BIRDS ( PREY SO EFFECTUALLY ?AT ONLY ! V]Y CLUMSY ONES >E CAU<T4 ,9 ALL ANIMAL SOCIETIES SOLID>ITY IS A NATURAL LAW ( F> GREAT] IMPORTANCE ?AN ?AT /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE1 ! VIRTUE ( :I* IS SUNG BY ! RUL+ CLASSES 9 EV]Y /RA9 ?AT MAY BE/ S]VE TO /ULTIFY US4 

,:5 WE /UDY ! ANIMAL WORLD & TRY TO EXPLA9 TO \RSELVES ?AT /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE MA9TA9$ BY EA* LIV+ BE+ AGA9/ ADV]SE CIRCUM/ANCES & AGA9/ ITS 5EMIES1 WE REALIZE ?AT ! MORE ! PR9CIPLES ( SOLID>ITY & EQUALITY >E DEVELOP$ 9 AN ANIMAL SOCIETY & HAVE BECOME HABITUAL TO IT1 ! MORE *ANCE HAS IT ( SURVIV+ & COM+ TRIUMPHANTLY \T ( ! /RUGGLE AGA9/ H>D%IPS & FOES4 ,! MORE ?OR\<LY EA* MEMB] ( ! SOCIETY FEELS HIS SOLID>ITY ) EA* O!R MEMB] ( ! SOCIETY1 ! MORE COMPLETELY >E DEVELOP$ 9 ALL ( !M ?OSE TWO QUALITIES :I* >E ! MA9 FACTORS ( ALL PROGRESS3 C\RAGE ON ! ONE H&1 MD ON ! O!R1 FREE 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE4 ,& ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MORE ANY ANIMAL SOCIETY OR LITTLE GR\P ( ANIMALS LOSES ?IS FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY --:I* MAY *ANCE AS ! RESULT ( EXCEPTIONAL SC>CITY OR ELSE ( EXCEPTIONAL PL5TY-- ! MORE DO ! TWO O!R FACTORS ( PROGRESS C\RAGE & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE1 DIM9I%4 ,9 ! 5D !Y DISAPPE>1 & ! SOCIETY FALLS 9TO DECAY & S9KS BE=E ITS FOES4 ,)\T MUTUAL CONFID5CE NO /RUGGLE IS POSSIBLE2 !RE IS NO C\RAGE1 NO 9ITIATIVE1 NO SOLID>ITY-- & NO VICTORY6 ,DEFEAT IS C]TA94 

,WE CAN PROVE ) A WEAL? ( EXAMPLES H[ 9 ! ANIMAL & HUMAN WORLDS ! LAW ( MUTUAL AID IS ! LAW ( PROGRESS1 & H[ MUTUAL AID ) ! C\RAGE & 9DIVIDUAL 9ITIATIVE :I* FOLL[ FROM IT SECURES VICTORY TO ! SPECIES MO/ CAPABLE ( PRACTIC+ IT4 ,N[ LET US IMAG9E ?IS FEEL+ ( SOLID>ITY ACT+ DUR- + ! MILLIONS ( AGES :I* HAVE SUCCE$$ ONE ANO!R S9CE ! FIR/ BEG9N+S ( ANIMAL LIFE APPE>$ UPON ! GLOBE4 ,LET US IMAG9E H[ ?IS FEEL+ LITTLE BY LITTLE BECAME A HABIT1 & WAS TRANSMITT$ BY H]$ITY FROM ! SIMPLE/ MICROSCOPIC ORGANISM TO ITS DESC5DANTS -- 9SECTS1 BIRDS1 REPTILES1 MAMMALS1 MAN-- & WE %ALL COMPREH5D ! ORIG9 ( ! MORAL S5TIM5T1 :I* IS A NECESSITY TO ! ANIMAL LIKE FOOD OR ! ORGAN = DIGE/+ IT4 

,)\T GO+ FUR!R BACK & SPEAK+ ( COMPLEX ANIMALS SPR++ FROM COLONIES ( EXTREMELY SIMPLE LITTLE BE+S1 H]E IS ! ORIG9 ( ! MORAL S5TIM5T4 ,WE HAVE BE5 OBLIG$ TO BE EXTREMELY BRIEF 9 ORD] TO COMPRESS ?IS GREAT QUE/ION )9 ! LIMITS ( A FEW PAGES1 BUT 5\< HAS ALREADY BE5 SAID TO %[ ?AT !RE IS NO?+ MY/]I\S OR S5TIM5TAL AB\T IT4 ,)\T ?IS SOLID>ITY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL ) ! SPECIES1 ! ANIMAL K+DOM W\LD NEV] HAVE DEVELOP$ OR REA*$ ITS PRES5T P]FECTION4 ,! MO/ ADVANC$ BE+ UPON ! E>? W\LD /ILL BE ONE ( ?OSE T9Y SPECKS SWIMM+ 9 ! WAT] & SC>CELY P]CEPTIBLE UND] A MICROSCOPE4 ,W\LD EV5 ?IS EXI/8 ,= >E NOT ! E>LIE/ AGGREGATIONS ( CELLULES !MSELVES AN 9/ANCE ( ASSOCIATION 9 ! /RUGGLE8 

O ,SECTION #f 
,SECTION ,V,I 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,PHOTO BY ,R5E ,PASSET1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,?US BY AN UNPREJUDIC$ OBS]VATION ( ! ANIMAL K+DOM1 WE REA* ! CONCLUSION ?AT :]EV] SOCIETY EXI/S AT ALL1 ?IS PR9CIPLE MAY BE F\ND3 ,TREAT O!RS AS Y\ W\LD LIKE !M TO TREAT Y\ UND] SIMIL> CIRCUM/ANCES4 

,& :5 WE /UDY CLOSELY ! EVOLUTION ( ! ANIMAL WORLD1 WE DISCOV] ?AT ! A=ESAID PR9CIPLE1 TRANSLAT$ BY ! ONE WORD ,SOLID>ITY1 HAS PLAY$ AN 9F9ITELY L>G] P>T 9 ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! ANIMAL K+DOM ?AN ALL ! ADAPTATIONS ?AT HAVE RESULT$ FROM A /RUGGLE BETWE5 9DIVIDUALS TO ACQUIRE P]SONAL ADVANTAGES4 

,IT IS EVID5T ?AT 9 HUMAN SOCIETIES A /ILL GREAT] DEGREE ( SOLID>ITY IS TO BE MET )4 ,EV5 ! SOCIETIES ( MONKEYS HI<E/ 9 ! ANIMAL SCALE (F] A /RIK+ EXAMPLE ( PRACTICAL SOLID>ITY1 & MAN HAS TAK5 A /EP FUR!R 9 ! SAME DIRECTION4 ,?IS & ?IS ALONE HAS 5ABL$ HIM TO PRES]VE HIS PUNY RACE AMID ! OB/ACLES CA/ BY NATURE 9 HIS WAY1 & TO DEVELOP HIS 9TELLIG5CE4 

,A C>EFUL OBS]VATION ( ?OSE PRIMITIVE SOCIETIES /ILL REMA9+ AT ! LEVEL ( ! ,/ONE ,AGE %[S TO :AT A GREAT EXT5T ! MEMB]S ( ! SAME COMMUNITY PRACTICE SOLID>ITY AMONG !MSELVES4 

,?IS IS ! REASON :Y PRACTICAL SOLID>ITY NEV] CEASES2 NOT EV5 DUR+ ! WOR/ P]IODS ( HI/ORY4 ,EV5 :5 TEMPOR>Y CIRCUM/ANCES ( DOM9ATION1 S]VITUDE1 EXPLOITATION CAUSE ! PR9CIPLE TO BE DIS[N$1 IT /ILL LIVES DEEP 9 ! ?\<TS ( ! MANY1 READY TO BR+ AB\T A /RONG RECOIL AGA9/ EVIL 9/ITUTIONS1 A REVOLUTION4 ,IF IT W]E O!RWISE SOCIETY W\LD P]I%4 ,= ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ANIMALS & M5 ?IS FEEL+ RE- MA9S1 & MU/ REMA9 AN ACQUIR$ HABIT1 A PR9CIPLE ALWAYS PRES5T TO ! M9D EV5 :5 IT IS CONT9UALLY IGNOR$ 9 ACTION4 

,IT IS ! :OLE EVOLUTION ( ! ANIMAL K+DOM SPEAK+ 9 US4 ,& ?IS EVOLUTION HAS LA/$ LONG1 V]Y LONG4 ,IT C\NTS BY HUNDR$S ( MILLIONS ( YE>S4 

,EV5 IF WE WI%$ TO GET RID ( IT WE C\LD NOT4 ,IT W\LD BE EASI] = A MAN TO ACCU/OM HIMSELF TO WALK ON F\RS ?AN TO GET RID ( ! MORAL S5TIM5T4 ,IT IS ANT]IOR 9 -- ANIMAL EVOLUTION TO ! UPRI<T PO/URE ( MAN4 

,! MORAL S5SE IS A NATURAL FACULTY 9 US LIKE ! S5SE ( SMELL OR ( T\*4 

,AS = LAW & RELIGION1 :I* ALSO HAVE PREA*$ ?IS PR9CIPLE1 !Y HAVE SIMPLY FIL*$ IT TO CLOAK !IR [N W>ES1 !IR 9JUNCTIONS = ! B5EFIT ( ! CONQU]OR1 ! EXPLOIT]1 ! PRIE/4 ,)\T ?IS PR9CIPLE ( SOLID>ITY1 ! JU/ICE ( :I* IS SO G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$1 H[ C\LD !Y HAVE LAID HOLD ON M5'S M9DS8 

,EA* ( !M COV]$ !MSELVES ) IT AS ) A G>M5T2 LIKE AU?ORITY :I* MADE GOOD ITS POSITION BY POS+ AS ! PROTECTOR ( ! WEAK AGA9/ ! /RONG4 ,BY FL++ OV]BO>D LAW1 RELIGION & AU?ORITY1 MANK9D CAN REGA9 POSSESSION ( ! MORAL PR9CIPLE :I* HAS BE5 TAK5 FROM !M4 ,REGA9 ?AT !Y MAY CRITICIZE IT1 & PURGE IT FROM ! ADULT]ATIONS :]E) PRIE/1 JUDGE & RUL] HAVE POISON$ IT & >E POISON+ IT YET4 

,BESIDES ?IS PR9CIPLE ( TREAT+ O!RS AS ONE WI%ES TO BE TREAT$ ONESELF1 :AT IS IT BUT ! V]Y SAME PR9CIPLE AS EQUALITY1 ! FUNDAM5TAL PR9CIPLE ( AN>*ISM8 ,& H[ CAN ANY ONE MANAGE TO BELIEVE HIMSELF AN AN>*I/ UNLESS HE PRACTICES IT8 

,WE DO NOT WI% TO BE RUL$4 ,& BY ?IS V]Y FACT1 DO WE NOT DECL>E ?AT WE \RSELVES WI% TO RULE NOBODY8 ,WE DO NOT WI% TO BE DECEIV$1 WE WI% ALWAYS TO BE TOLD NO?+ BUT ! TRU?4 ,& BY ?IS V]Y FACT1 DO WE NOT DE- CL>E ?AT WE \RSELVES DO NOT WI% TO DECEIVE ANYBODY1 ?AT WE PROMISE TO ALWAYS TELL ! TRU?1 NO?+ BUT ! TRU?1 ! :OLE TRU?8 ,WE DO NOT WI% TO HAVE ! FRUITS ( \R LABOR /OL5 FROM US4 ,& BY ?AT V]Y FACT1 DO WE NOT DECL>E ?AT WE RESPECT ! FRUITS ( O!RS' LABOR8 

,BY :AT RI<T 9DE$ CAN WE DEM& ?AT WE %\LD BE TREAT$ 9 ONE FA%ION1 RES]V+ IT TO \RSELVES TO TREAT O!RS 9 A FA%ION 5TIRELY DIFF]5T8 ,\R S5SE ( EQUALITY REVOLTS AT SU* AN IDEA4 

,EQUALITY 9 MUTUAL RELATIONS ) ! SOLID>ITY >IS+ FROM IT1 ?IS IS ! MO/ P[]FUL WEAPON ( ! ANIMAL WORLD 9 ! /RUGGLE = EXI/5CE4 ,& EQUALITY IS EQUITY4 

,BY PROCLAIM+ \RSELVES AN>*I/S1 WE PROCLAIM BE=E- H& ?AT WE DISAV[ ANY WAY ( TREAT+ O!RS 9 :I* WE %\LD NOT LIKE !M TO TREAT US2 ?AT WE WILL NO LONG] TOL]ATE ! 9EQUALITY ?AT HAS ALL[$ SOME AMONG US TO USE !IR /R5G?1 !IR CUNN+ OR !IR ABILITY AFT] A FA%ION 9 :I* IT W\LD ANNOY US TO HAVE SU* QUALITIES US$ AGA9/ \RSELVES4 ,EQUALITY 9 ALL ?+S1 ! SYNONYM ( EQUITY1 ?IS IS AN>*ISM 9 V]Y DE$4 ,IT IS NOT ONLY AGA9/ ! AB/RACT TR9ITY ( LAW1 RELIGION1 & AU?ORITY ?AT WE DECL>E W>4 ,BY BECOM+ AN>*I/S WE DECL>E W> AGA9/ ALL ?IS WAVE ( DECEIT1 CUNN+1 EXPLOITATION1 DEPRAVITY1 VISE --9 A WORD1 9EQUALITY-- :I* !Y HAVE P\R$ 9TO ALL \R HE>TS4 ,WE DECL>E W> AGA9/ !IR WAY ( ACT+1 AGA9/ !IR WAY ( ?9K+4 ,! GOV]N$1 ! DECEIV$1 ! EXPLOIT$1 ! PRO/ITUTE1 W\ND ABOVE ALL ELSE \R S5SE ( EQUALITY4 ,IT IS 9 ! NAME ( EQUALITY ?AT WE >E DET]M9$ TO HAVE NO MORE PRO/ITUT$1 EXPLOIT$1 DECEIV$ & GOV]N$ M5 & WOM54 

,P]HAPS IT MAY BE SAID --IT HAS BE5 SAID SOMETIMES 0,BUT IF Y\ ?9K ?AT Y\ MU/ ALWAYS TREAT O!RS AS Y\ W\LD BE TREAT$ Y\RSELF1 :AT RI<T HAVE Y\ TO USE =CE UND] ANY CIRCUM/ANCES :ATEV]8 ,:AT RI<T HAVE Y\ TO LEVEL A CANNON AT ANY B>B>\S OR CIVILIZ$ 9VAD]S ( Y\R C\NTRY8 ,:AT RI<T HAVE Y\ TO DISPOSSESS ! EXPLOIT]8 ,:AT RI<T TO KILL NOT ONLY A TYRANT BUT A M]E VIP]80 

,:AT RI<T8 ,:AT DO Y\ MEAN BY ?AT S+UL> WORD1 BORR[$ FROM ! LAW8 ,DO Y\ WI% TO KN[ IF ,I %ALL FEEL CONSCI\S ( HAV+ ACT$ WELL 9 DO+ ?IS 8 ,IF ?OSE ,I E/EEM WILL ?9K ,I HAVE DONE WELL8 ,IS ?IS :AT Y\ ASK8 ,IF SO ! ANSW] IS SIMPLE4 

,YES1 C]TA9LY6 ,BECAUSE WE \RSELVES %\LD ASK TO BE KILL$ LIKE V5OM\S BEA/S IF WE W5T TO 9VADE ,BURMESE OR ,ZULUS :O HAVE DONE US NO H>M4 ,WE %\LD SAY TO \R SON OR \R FRI5D3 0,KILL ME1 IF ,I EV] TAKE P>T 9 ! 9VASION60 

,YES1 C]TA9LY6 ,BECAUSE WE \RSELVES %\LD ASK TO BE DISPOSSESS$1 IF GIV+ ! LIE TO \R PR9CIPLES1 WE SEIZ$ UPON AN 9H]ITANCE1 DID IT FALL FROM ON HI<1 TO USE IT = ! EXPLOITATION ( O!RS4 

,YES1 C]TA9LY6 ,BECAUSE ANY MAN ) A HE>T ASKS BE- =EH& ?AT HE MAY BE SLA9 IF EV] HE BECOMES V5OM\S2 ?AT A DAGG] MAY BE PLUNG$ 9TO HIS HE>T IF EV] HE %\LD TAKE ! PLACE ( A DE?RON$ TYRANT4 

,N9ETY-N9E M5 \T ( A HUNDR$ :O HAVE A WIFE & *ILDR5 W\LD TRY TO COMMIT SUICIDE = FE> !Y %\LD DO H>M TO ?OSE !Y LOVE1 IF !Y FELT !MSELVES GO+ MAD4 ,:5EV] A GOOD-HE>T$ MAN FEELS HIMSELF BECOM+ DANG]\S TO ?OSE HE LOVES1 HE WI%ES TO DIE BE=E HE IS SO4 

,P]OVSKAYA & H] COMRADES KILL$ ! ,RUSSIAN ,CZ>4 ,& ALL MANK9D1 DESPITE ! REPUGNANCE TO ! SPILL+ ( BLOOD1 DESPITE ! SYMPA?Y = ONE :O HAD ALL[$ ! S]FS TO BE LIB]AT$1 RECOGNIZ$ !IR RI<T TO DO AS !Y DID4 ,:Y8 ,NOT BECAUSE ! ACT WAS G5]ALLY RECOGNIZ$ AS USEFUL2 TWO \T ( ?REE /ILL D\BT IF IT W]E SO4 ,BUT BECAUSE IT WAS FELT ?AT NOT = ALL ! GOLD 9 ! WORLD W\LD ,P]OVSKAYA & H] COMRADES HAVE CONS5T$ TO BECOME TYRANTS !MSELVES4 ,EV5 ?OSE :O KN[ NO?+ ( ! DRAMA >E C]TA9 ?AT IT WAS NO Y\?FUL BRAVADO1 NO PALACE CONSPIRACY1 NO ATTEMPT TO GA9 P[]4 ,IT WAS HATR$ ( TYRANNY1 EV5 TO ! SCORN ( SELF1 EV5 TO ! DEA?4 

0,!SE M5 & WOM510 IT WAS SAID1 0HAD CONQU]$ ! RI<T TO KILL02 AS IT WAS SAID ( ,L\ISE ,MI*EL1 0,%E HAD ! RI<T TO ROB40 ,OR AGA91 0,!Y HAVE ! RI<T TO /EAL10 9 SPEAK+ ( ?OSE T]RORI/S :O LIV$ ON DRY BREAD1 & /OLE A MILLION OR TWO ( ! ,KI%9EFF TREASURE4 

,MANK9D HAS NEV] REFUS$ ! RI<T TO USE =CE ON ?OSE :O HAVE CONQU]$ ?AT RI<T1 BE IT EX]CIS$ UPON ! B>RICADES OR 9 ! %AD[ ( A CROSS-WAY4 ,BUT IF SU* AN ACT IS TO PRODUCE A DEEP IMPRESSION UPON M5'S M9DS1 ! RI<T MU/ BE CONQU]$4 ,)\T ?IS1 SU* AN ACT :E!R USEFUL OR NOT WILL REMA9 M]ELY A BRUTAL FACT1 ( NO IMPORTANCE 9 ! PROGRESS ( IDEAS4 ,PEOPLE WILL SEE 9 IT NO?+ BUT A DISPLACEM5T ( =CE1 SIMPLY ! SUB/ITUTION ( ONE EXPLOIT] = ANO!R4 

O ,SECTION #g 
,SECTION ,V,I,I 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,PHOTO BY ,GIANNI ,DOM9ICI1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,WE HAVE HI!RTO BE5 SPEAK+ ( ! CONSCI\S1 DELIB]ATE ACTIONS ( MAN1 ?OSE P]=M$ 9T5TIONALLY4 ,BUT SIDE BY SIDE ) \R CONSCI\S LIFE WE HAVE AN UNCONSCI\S LIFE :I* IS V]Y MU* WID]4 ,YET WE HAVE ONLY TO NOTICE H[ WE DRESS 9 ! MORN+1 TRY+ TO FA/5 A BUTTON ?AT WE KN[ WE LO/ LA/ NI<T1 OR /RET*+ \T \R H& TO TAKE SOME?+ ?AT WE \RSELVES HAVE MOV$ AWAY1 TO OBTA9 AN IDEA ( ?IS UNCONSCI\S LIFE & REALIZE ! 5ORM\S P>T IT PLAYS 9 \R EXI/5CE4 

,IT MAKES UP ?REE-F\R?S ( \R RELATIONS ) O!RS4 ,\R WAYS ( SPEAK+1 SMIL+1 FR[N+1 GETT+ HEAT$ OR KEEP+ COOL 9 A DISCUSSION1 >E UN9T5TIONAL1 ! RESULT ( HABITS1 9H]IT$ FROM \R HUMAN OR PRE- HUMAN ANCE/ORS 7ONLY NOTICE ! LIK5ESS 9 EXPRESSION BETWE5 AN ANGRY MAN & AN ANGRY BEA/71 OR ELSE CONSCI\SLY OR UNCONSCI\SLY ACQUIR$4 

,\R MANN] ( ACT+ T[>DS O!RS ?US T5DS TO BECOME HABITUAL4 ,TO TREAT O!RS AS HE W\LD WI% TO BE TREAT$ HIMSELF BECOMES ) MAN & ALL SOCIABLE ANIMALS1 SIMPLY A HABIT4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT A P]SON DOES NOT G5]ALLY EV5 ASK HIMSELF H[ HE MU/ ACT UND] SU* & SU* CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,IT IS ONLY :5 ! CIRCUM/ANCES >E EXCEPTIONAL1 9 SOME COMPLEX CASE OR UND] ! IMPULSE ( /RONG PASSION ?AT HE HESITATES1 & A /RUGGLE TAKES PLACE BETWE5 ! V>I\S PORTIONS ( HIS BRA9 --= ! BRA9 IS A V]Y COMPLEX ORGAN1 ! V>I\S PORTIONS ( :I* ACT TO A C]TA9 DEGREE 9DEP5D5TLY4 ,:5 ?IS HAPP5S1 ! MAN SUB/ITUTES HIMSELF 9 IMAG9ATION = ! P]SON OPPOS$ TO HIM2 HE ASKS HIMSELF IF HE W\LD LIKE TO BE TREAT$ 9 SU* A WAY1 & ! BETT] HE HAS ID5TIFI$ HIMSELF ) ! P]SON :OSE DIGNITY OR 9T]E/S HE HAS BE5 ON ! PO9T ( 9JUR+1 ! MORE MORAL WILL HIS DECISION BE4 ,OR MAYBE A FRI5D /EPS 9 & SAYS TO HIM3 0,FANCY Y\RSELF 9 HIS PLACE2 %\LD Y\ HAVE SUFF]$ FROM BE+ TREAT$ BY HIM AS HE HAS BE5 TREAT$ BY Y\8 ,& ?IS IS 5\<4 

,?US WE ONLY APPEAL TO ! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY 9 MOM5TS ( HESITATION1 & 9 N9ETY-N9E CASES \T ( A HUNDR$ ACT MORALLY FROM HABIT4 

,IT MU/ HAVE BE5 OBVI\S ?AT 9 ALL WE HAVE HI!RTO SAID1 WE HAVE NOT ATTEMPT$ TO 5JO9 ANY?+1WE HAVE ONLY SET =? ! MANN] 9 :I* ?+S HAPP5 9 ! ANIMAL WORLD & AMONG MANK9D4 

,=M]LY ! *UR* ?REAT5$ M5 ) HELL TO MORALIZE !M1 & %E SUCCE$$ 9 DEMORALIZ+ !M 9/EAD4 ,! JUDGE ?REAT5S ) IMPRISONM5T1 FLOGG+1 ! GALL[S1 9 ! NAME ( ?OSE SOCIAL PR9CIPLES HE HAS FIL*$ FROM SOCIETY2 & HE DEMORALIZES !M4 ,& YET ! V]Y IDEA ?AT ! JUDGE MAY DISAPPE> FROM ! E>? AT ! SAME TIME AS ! PRIE/ CAUSES AU?ORIT>IANS ( EV]Y %ADE TO CRY \T AB\T P]IL TO SOCIETY4 

,BUT WE >E NOT AFRAID TO =EGO JUDGES & !IR S5T5CES4 ,WE =EGO SANCTIONS ( ALL K9DS1 EV5 OBLIGATIONS TO MORALITY4 ,WE >E NOT AFRAID TO SAY3 0,DO :AT Y\ WILL2 ACT AS Y\ WILL02 BECAUSE WE >E P]SUAD$ ?AT ! GREAT MAJORITY ( MANK9D1 9 PROPORTION TO !IR DEGREE ( 5LI<T5M5T & ! COMPLET5ESS ) :I* !Y FREE !MSELVES FROM EXI/+ FETT]S WILL BEHAVE & ACT ALWAYS 9 A DIRECTION USEFUL TO SOCIETY JU/ AS WE >E P]SUAD$ BE=EH& ?AT A *ILD WILL ONE DAY WALK ON ITS TWO FEET & NOT ON ALL F\RS SIMPLY BECAUSE IT IS BORN ( P>5TS BELONG+ TO ! G5US ,HOMO4 

,ALL WE CAN DO IS TO GIVE ADVICE4 ,& AGA9 :ILE GIV+ IT WE ADD3 0,?IS ADVICE WILL BE VALUELESS IF Y\R [N EXP]I5CE & OBS]VATION DO NOT LEAD Y\ TO RECOGNIZE ?AT IT IS WOR? FOLL[+40 

,:5 WE SEE A Y\? /OOP+ & SO CONTRACT+ HIS *E/ & LUNGS WE ADVISE HIM TO /RAI<T5  HIMSELF1 HOLD UP HIS HEAD & OP5 HIS *E/4 ,WE ADVISE HIM TO FILL HIS LUNGS & TAKE LONG BREA?S1 BECAUSE ?IS WILL BE HIS BE/ SAFEGU>D AGA9/ CONSUMPTION4 ,BUT AT ! SAME TIME WE TEA* HIM PHYSIOLOGY ?AT HE MAY UND]/& ! FUNCTIONS ( HIS LUNGS1 & HIMSELF *OOSE ! PO/URE HE KN[S TO BE ! BE/4 

,& ?IS IS ALL WE CAN DO 9 ! CASE ( MORALS4 ,& ?IS IS ALL WE CAN DO 9 ! CASE ( MORALS4 ,WE HAVE ONLY A RI<T TO GIVE ADVICE1 TO :I* WE ADD3 0,FOLL[ IT IF IT SEEMS GOOD TO Y\40 

,BUT :ILE LEAV+ TO EA* ! RI<T TO ACT AS HE ?9KS BE/2 :ILE UTT]LY D5Y+ ! RI<T ( SOCIETY TO PUNI% ONE 9 ANY WAY = ANY ANTI-SOCIAL ACT HE MAY HAVE COMMITT$1 WE DO NOT =EGO \R [N CAPACITY TO LOVE :AT SEEMS TO US GOOD & TO HATE :AT SEEMS TO US BAD4 ,LOVE & HATE2 = ONLY ?OSE :O KN[ H[ TO HATE KN[ H[ TO LOVE4 ,WE KEEP ?IS CAPACITY2 & AS ?IS ALONE S]VES TO MA9TA9 & DEVELOP ! MORAL S5TIM5TS 9 EV]Y ANIMAL SOCIETY1 SO MU* ! MORE WILL IT BE 5\< = ! HUMAN RACE4 

,WE ONLY ASK ONE ?+1 TO ELIM9ATE ALL ?AT IMP$ES ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( !SE TWO FEEL+S 9 ! PRES5T SOCIETY1 ALL ?AT P]V]TS \R JUDGM5T3 --! ,/ATE1 ! *UR*1 EXPLOITATION2 JUDGES1 PRIE/S1 GOV]NM5TS1 EXPLOIT]S4 

,TODAY :5 WE SEE A ,JACK ! ,RIPP] MURD] ONE AFT] ANO!R SOME ( ! POORE/ & MO/ MIS]ABLE ( WOM51 \R FIR/ FEEL+ IS ONE ( HATR$4 

,IF WE HAD MET HIM ! DAY :5 HE MURD]$ ?AT WOMAN :O ASK$ HIM TO PAY H] = H] SLUM LODG+1 WE %\LD HAVE PUT A BULLET ?R\< HIS HEAD1 )\T REFLECT+ ?AT ! BULLET MI<T HAVE BE5 BETT] BE/[$ 9 ! BRA9 ( ! [N] ( ?AT WRET*$ D54 

,BUT :5 WE RECALL TO M9D ALL ! 9FAMIES :I* HAVE BR\<T HIM TO ?IS2 :5 WE ?9K ( ! D>KNESS 9 :I* HE PR[LS HAUNT$ BY IMAGES DRAWN FROM 9DEC5T BOOKS OR ?\<TS SUGGE/$ BY /UPID BOOKS1 \R FEEL+ IS DIVID$4 ,& IF SOME DAY WE HE> ?AT ,JACK IS 9 ! H&S ( SOME JUDGE :O HAS SLA9 9 COLD BLOOD A F> GREAT] NUMB] ( M51 WOM5 & *ILDR5 ?AN ALL ! ,JACKS TOGE!R2 IF WE SEE HIM 9 ! H&S ( ONE ( ?OSE DELIB]ATE MANIACS !N ALL \R HATR$ ( ,JACK ! ,RIPP] WILL VANI%4 ,IT WILL BE TRANS=M$ 9TO HATR$ ( A C[>DLY & HYPOCRITICAL SOCIETY & ITS RECOGNIZ$ REPRES5TATIVES4 ,ALL ! 9FAMIES ( A ,RIPP] DISAPPE> BE=E ?AT LONG S]IES ( 9FAMIES COMMITT$ 9 ! NAME ( LAW4 ,IT IS !SE WE HATE4 

,AT ! PRES5T DAY \R FEEL+S >E CONT9UALLY ?US DIVID$4 ,WE FEEL ?AT ALL ( US >E MORE OR LESS1 VOLUNT>ILY OR 9VOLUNT>ILY1 ABETTORS ( ?IS SOCIETY4 ,WE DO NOT D>E TO HATE4 ,DO WE EV5 D>E TO LOVE8 ,9 A SOCIETY BAS$ ON EXPLOITATION & S]VITUDE HUMAN NATURE IS DEGRAD$4 

,BUT AS S]VITUDE DISAPPE>S WE %ALL REGA9 \R RI<TS4 ,WE %ALL FEEL )9 \RSELVES /R5G? TO HATE & TO LOVE1 EV5 9 SU* COMPLICAT$ CASES AS ?AT WE HAVE JU/ CIT$4 

,9 \R DAILY LIFE WE DO ALREADY GIVE FREE SCOPE TO \R FEEL+S ( SYMPA?Y OR ANTIPA?Y2 WE >E DO+ SO EV]Y MOM5T4 ,WE ALL LOVE MORAL /R5G? WE ALL DESPISE MORAL WEAKNESS & C[>DICE4 ,EV]Y MOM5T \R WORDS1 LOOKS1 SMILES EXPRESS \R JOY 9 SEE+ ACTIONS USEFUL TO ! HUMAN RACE1 ?OSE :I* WE ?9K GOOD4 ,EV]Y MOM5T \R LOOKS & WORDS %[ ! REPUGNANCE WE FEEL T[>DS C[>DICE1 DECEIT1 9TRIGUE1 WANT ( MORAL C\RAGE4 ,WE BETRAY \R DISGU/1 EV5 :5 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( A WORLDLY $UCATION WE TRY TO HIDE \R CONTEMPT B5EA? ?OSE LY+ APPE>ANCES :I* WILL VANI% AS EQUAL RELATIONS >E E/ABLI%$ AMONG US4 

,?IS ALONE IS 5\< TO KEEP ! CONCEPTION ( GOOD & ILL AT A C]TA9 LEVEL & TO COMMUNICATE IT ONE TO ANO!R4 

,IT WILL BE /ILL MORE EFFICI5T :5 !RE IS NO LONG] JUDGE OR PRIE/ 9 SOCIETY1 :5 MORAL PR9CIPLES HAVE LO/ !IR OBLIGATORY *>ACT] & >E CONSID]$ M]ELY AS RELATIONS BETWE5 EQUALS4 ,MOREOV]1 9 PROPORTION TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( !SE RELATIONS1 A L(TI] MORAL CONCEPTION WILL >ISE 9 SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ?IS CONCEPTION :I* WE >E AB\T TO ANALYZE4 

O ,SECTION #h 
,SECTION ,V,I,I,I 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,PHOTO BY ,AM>IT ,OPASSET?AKUL1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C-,N,D ,LIC5SE ,?US F> \R ANALYSIS HAS ONLY SET =? ! SIMPLE PR9CIPLES ( EQUALITY4 ,WE HAVE REVOLT$ & 9VIT$ O!RS TO REVOLT AGA9/ ?OSE :O ASSUME ! RI<T TO TREAT !IR FELL[S O!RWISE ?AN !Y W\LD BE TREAT$ !MSELVES2 AGA9/ ?OSE :O1 NOT !MSELVES WI%+ TO BE DECEIV$1 EXPLOIT$1 PRO/ITUT$ OR ILL-US$1 YET BEHAVE ?US TO O!RS4 ,LY+1 & BRUTALITY >E REPULSIVE1 WE HAVE SAID1 NOT BECAUSE !Y >E DISAPPROV$ BY CODES ( MORALITY1 BUT BECAUSE SU* CONDUCT REVOLTS ! S5SE ( EQUALITY 9 EV]YONE TO :OM EQUALITY IS NOT AN EMPTY WORD4 ,& ABOVE ALL DOES IT REVOLT HIM :O IS A TRUE AN>*I/ 9 HIS WAY ( ?9K+ & ACT+4 

,IF NO?+ BUT ?IS SIMPLE1 NATURAL1 OBVI\S PR9CIPLE W]E G5]ALLY APPLI$ 9 LIFE1 A V]Y L(TY MORALITY W\LD BE ! RESULT2 A MORALITY COMPRIS+ ALL ?AT MORALI/S HAVE TAU<T4 

,! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY SUMS UP ! TEA*+S ( MORALI/S4 ,BUT IT ALSO CONTA9S SOME?+ MORE4 ,?IS SOME?+ MORE IS RESPECT = ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,BY PROCLAIM+ \R MORALITY ( EQUALITY1 OR AN>*ISM1 WE REFUSE TO ASSUME A RI<T :I* MORALI/S HAVE ALWAYS TAK5 UPON !MSELVES TO CLAIM1 ?AT ( MUTILAT+ ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! NAME ( SOME IDEAL4 ,WE DO NOT RECOGNIZE ?IS RI<T AT ALL1 = \RSELVES OR ANYONE ELSE4 

,WE RECOGNIZE ! FULL & COMPLETE LIB]TY ( ! 9DIVIDUAL2 WE DESIRE = HIM PL5ITUDE ( EXI/5CE1 ! FREE DEVELOPM5T ( ALL HIS FACULTIES4 ,WE WI% TO IMPOSE NO?+ UPON HIM2 ?US RETURN+ TO ! PR9CIPLE :I* ,F\RI] PLAC$ 9 OPPOSITION TO RELIGI\S MORALITY :5 HE SAID3 

0,LEAVE M5 ABSOLUTELY FREE4 ,DO NOT MUTILATE !M AS RELIGIONS HAVE DONE 5\< & TO SP>E4 ,DO NOT FE> EV5 !IR PASSIONS4 ,9 A FREE SOCIETY !SE >E NOT DANG]\S40 

,PROVID$ ?AT Y\ Y\RSELF DO NOT ABDICATE Y\R FRE$OM1 PROVID$ ?AT Y\ Y\RSELF DO NOT ALL[ O!RS TO 5?RALL$ Y\2 & PROVID$ ?AT TO ! VIOL5T & ANTI- SOCIAL PASSIONS ( ?IS OR ?AT P]SON Y\ OPPOSE Y\R EQUALLY VIGOR\S SOCIAL PASSIONS1 Y\ HAVE NO?+ TO FE> FROM LIB]TY4 

,WE R5\NCE ! IDEA ( MUTILAT+ ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 ! NAME ( ANY IDEAL :ATSOEV]4 ,ALL WE RES]VE TO \RSELVES IS ! FRANK EXPRESSION ( \R SYMPA?IES & ANTIPA?IES T[>DS :AT SEEMS TO US GOOD OR BAD4 ,A MAN DECEIVES HIS FRI5DS4 ,IT IS HIS B5T1 HIS *>ACT] TO DO SO4 ,V]Y WELL1 IT IS \R *>ACT]1 \R B5T TO DESPISE LI>S4 ,& AS ?IS IS \R *>ACT]1 LET US BE FRANK4 ,DO NOT LET US RU% & PRESS HIM TO \R BOSOM OR CORDIALLY %AKE H&S ) HIM1 AS IS SOMETIMES DONE TODAY4 ,LET US VIGOR\SLY OPPOSE \R ACTIVE PASSION TO HIS4 

,?IS IS ALL WE HAVE ! RI<T TO DO1 ?IS IS ALL ! DUTY WE HAVE TO P]=M TO KEEP UP ! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY 9 SOCIETY4 ,IT IS ! PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY 9 PRACTICE4 

,BUT :AT ( ! MURD]]1 ! MAN :O DEBAU*ES *IL- DR58 ,! MURD]] :O KILLS FROM %E] ?IR/ = BLOOD IS EXCESSIVELY R>E4 ,HE IS A MADMAN TO BE CUR$ OR AVOID$4 ,AS = ! DEBAU*EE1 LET US FIR/ ( ALL LOOK TO IT ?AT SOCIETY DOES NOT P]V]T \R *ILDR5'S FEEL+S1 !N WE %ALL HAVE LITTLE TO FE> FROM RAKES4 ,ALL ?IS IT MU/ BE UND]/OOD IS NOT COMPLETELY APPLICABLE UNTIL ! GREAT S\RCES ( MORAL DEPRAVITY-- CAPITALISM1 RELIGION1 JU/ICE1 GOV]NM5T--%ALL HAVE CEAS$ TO EXI/4 ,BUT ! GREAT] P>T ( IT MAY BE PUT 9 PRACTICE FROM ?IS DAY =?4 ,IT IS 9 PRACTICE ALREADY4 

,& YET IF SOCIETIES KNEW ONLY ?IS PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY2 IF EA* MAN PRACTIC$ M]ELY ! EQUITY ( A TRAD]1 TAK+ C>E ALL DAY LONG NOT TO GIVE O!RS ANY?+ MORE ?AN HE WAS RECEIV+ FROM !M1 SOCIETY W\LD DIE ( IT4 ,! V]Y PR9CIPLE ( EQUALITY ITSELF W\LD DISAPPE> FROM \R RELATIONS4 ,=1 IF IT IS TO BE MA9TA9$1 SOME?+ GR&]1 MORE LOVELY1 MORE VIGOR\S ?AN M]E EQUITY MU/ P]PETUALLY F9D A PLACE 9 LIFE4 

,& ?IS GREAT] ?AN JU/ICE IS H]E4 

,UNTIL N[ HUMANITY HAS NEV] BE5 )\T L>GE NATURES OV]FL[+ ) T5D]NESS1 ) 9TELLIG5CE1 ) GOODWILL1 & US+ !IR FEEL+1 !IR 9TELLECT1 !IR ACTIVE =CE 9 ! S]VICE ( ! HUMAN RACE )\T ASK+ ANY?+ 9 RETURN4 

,?IS F]TILITY ( M9D1 ( FEEL+ OR ( GOODWILL TAKES ALL POSSIBLE =MS4 ,IT IS 9 ! PASSIONATE SEEK] AFT] TRU?1 :O R5\NCES ALL O!R PLEASURES TO ?R[ HIS 5]GY 9TO ! SE>* = :AT HE BELIEVES TRUE & RI<T CONTR>Y TO ! AFFIRMATIONS ( ! IGNORAMUSES >\ND HIM4 ,IT IS 9 ! 9V5TOR :O LIVES FROM DAY TO DAY =GETT+ EV5 HIS FOOD1 SC>CELY T\*+ ! BREAD ) :I* P]HAPS SOME WOMAN DEVOT$ TO HIM FE$S HIM LIKE A *ILD1 :ILE HE FOLL[S \T ! 9T5TION HE ?9KS DE/9$ TO *ANGE ! FACE ( ! WORLD4 ,IT IS 9 ! >D5T REVOLUTIONI/ TO :OM ! JOYS ( >T1 ( SCI5CE1 EV5 ( FAMILY LIFE1 SEEM BITT]1 SO LONG AS !Y CANNOT BE %>$ BY ALL1 & :O WORKS DESPITE MIS]Y & P]SECUTION = ! REG5]ATION ( ! WORLD4 ,IT IS 9 ! Y\? :O1 HE>+ ( ! ATROCITIES ( 9VASION1 & TAK+ LIT]ALLY ! H]OIC LEG5DS ( PATRIOTISM1 9SCRIBES HIMSELF 9 A VOLUNTE] CORPS & M>*ES BRAVELY ?R\< SN[ & HUNG] UNTIL HE FALLS B5EA? ! BULLETS4 ,IT WAS 9 ! ,P>IS /REET >AB1 ) HIS QUICK 9TELLIG5CE & BRI<T *OICE ( AV]SIONS & SYMPA?IES1 :O RAN TO ! RAMP>TS ) HIS LITTLE BRO!R1 /OOD /EADY AMID ! RA9 ( %ELLS1 & DI$ MURMUR+3 0,LONG LIVE ! ,COMMUNE60 ,IT IS 9 ! MAN :O IS REVOLT$ AT ! SI<T ( A WRONG )\T WAIT+ TO ASK :AT WILL BE ITS RESULT TO HIMSELF1 & :5 ALL BACKS >E B5T /&S UP TO UNMASK ! 9IQUITY & BR& ! EXPLOIT]1 ! PETTY DESPOT ( A FACTORY OR GREAT TYRANT ( AN EMPIRE4 ,F9ALLY IT IS 9 ALL ?OSE NUMB]LESS ACTS ( DEVOTION LESS /RIK+ & !RE=E UNKN[N & ALMO/ ALWAYS MISPRIZ$1 :I* MAY BE CONT9UALLY OBS]V$1 ESPECIALLY AMONG WOM51 IF WE WILL TAKE ! TR\BLE TO OP5 \R EYES & NOTICE :AT LIES AT ! V]Y F\NDATION ( HUMAN LIFE1 & 5ABLES IT TO 5FOLD ITSELF ONE WAY OR ANO!R 9 SPITE ( ! EXPLOITATION & OPPRESSION IT UND]GOES4 

,SU* M5 & WOM5 AS !SE1 SOME 9 OBSCURITY1 SOME )9 A L>G] >5A1 CREATES ! PROGRESS ( MANK9D4 ,& MANK9D IS AW>E ( IT4 ,?IS IS :Y IT 5COMPASSES SU* LIVES ) REV]5CE1 ) MY?S4 ,IT ADORNS !M1 MAKES !M ! SUBJECT ( ITS /ORIES1 SONGS1 ROMANCES4 ,IT ADORES 9 !M ! C\RAGE1 GOODNESS1 LOVE & DEVOTION :I* >E LACK+ 9 MO/ ( US4 ,IT TRANSMITS !IR MEMORY TO ! Y\NG4 ,IT RECALLS EV5 ?OSE :O HAVE ACT$ ONLY 9 ! N>R[ CIRCLE ( HOME & FRI5DS1 & REV]ES !IR MEMORY 9 FAMILY TRADITION4 

,SU* M5 & WOM5 AS !SE MAKE TRUE MORALITY1 ! ONLY MORALITY WOR?Y ! NAME4 ,ALL ! RE/ IS M]ELY EQUALITY 9 RELATIONS4 ,)\T !IR C\RAGE1 !IR DEVOTION1 HUMANITY W\LD REMA9 BESOTT$ 9 ! MIRE ( PETTY CALCULATIONS4 ,IT IS SU* M5 & WOM5 AS !SE :O PREP>E ! MORALITY ( ! FUTURE1 ?AT :I* WILL COME :5 \R *ILDR5 HAVE CEAS$ TO RECKON1 & HAVE GR[N UP TO ! IDEA ?AT ! BE/ USE = ALL 5]GY1 C\RAGE & LOVE IS TO EXP5D IT :]E ! NE$ ( SU* A =CE IS MO/ /RONGLY FELT4 

,SU* C\RAGE1 SU* DEVOTION HAS EXI/$ 9 EV]Y AGE4 ,IT IS TO BE MET ) AMONG SOCIABLE ANIMALS4 ,IT IS TO BE F\ND AMONG M51 EV5 DUR+ ! MO/ DEGRAD$ EPO*S4 

,& RELIGIONS HAVE ALWAYS S\<T TO APPROPRIATE IT1 TO TURN IT 9TO CURR5T CO9 = !IR [N B5EFIT4 ,9 FACT IF RELIGIONS >E /ILL ALIVE1 IT IS BECAUSE--IGNORANCE AP>T-- !Y HAVE ALWAYS APPEAL$ TO ?IS V]Y DEVOTION & C\RAGE4 ,& IT IS TO ?IS ?AT REVOLUTIONI/S APPEAL4 

,! MORAL S5TIM5T ( DUTY :I* EA* MAN HAS FELT 9 HIS LIFE1 & :I* IT HAS BE5 ATTEMPT$ TO EXPLA9 BY EV]Y SORT ( MY/ICISM1 ! UNCONSCI\SLY AN>*I/ ,GUYAU SAYS1 0IS NO?+ BUT A SUP]ABUNDANCE ( LIFE1 :I* DEM&S TO BE EX]CIS$1 TO GIVE ITSELF2 AT ! SAME TIME1 IT IS ! CONSCI\SNESS ( A P[]40 

,ALL ACCUMULAT$ =CE CREATES A PRESSURE UPON ! OB/ACLES PLAC$ BE=E IT4 ,P[] TO ACT IS DUTY TO ACT4 ,& MORAL 0OBLIGATION0 ( :I* SO MU* HAS BE5 SAID OR WRITT5 IS R$UC$ TO ! CONCEPTION3 ! CONDITION ( ! MA9T5ANCE ( LIFE IS ITS EXPANSION4 

0,! PLANT CANNOT PREV5T ITSELF FROM FL[]+4 ,SOMETIMES TO FL[] MEANS TO DIE4 ,NEV] M9D1 ! SAP M\NTS ! SAME10 CONCLUDES ! Y\NG AN>*I/ PHILOSOPH]4 

,IT IS ! SAME ) ! HUMAN BE+ :5 HE IS FULL ( =CE & 5]GY4 ,=CE ACCUMULATES 9 HIM4 ,HE EXP&S HIS LIFE4 ,HE GIVES )\T CALCULATION1 O!RWISE HE C\LD NOT LIVE4 ,IF HE MU/ DIE LIKE ! FL[] :5 IT BLOOMS1 NEV] M9D4 ,! SAP RISES1 IF SAP !RE BE4 

,BE /RONG4 ,OV]FL[ ) EMOTIONAL & 9TELLECTUAL 5]GY1 & Y\ WILL SPREAD Y\R 9TELLIG5CE1 Y\R LOVE1 Y\R 5]GY ( ACTION BROADCA/ AMONG O!RS6 ,?IS IS :AT ALL MORAL TEA*+ COMES TO4 

O ,SECTION #i 
,SECTION ,I,X 

  
,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY 

    
BY ,PET] ,KROPOTK9 

,PHOTO BY ,&REW#c1,C,C ,B,Y-,N,C ,LIC5SE ,?AT :I* MANK9D ADMIRES 9 A TRULY MORAL MAN IS HIS 5]GY1 ! EXUB]ANCE ( LIFE :I* URGES HIM TO GIVE HIS 9TELLIG5CE1 HIS FEEL+1 HIS ACTION1 ASK+ NO?+ 9 RETURN4 

,! /RONG ?9K]1 ! MAN OV]FL[+ ) 9TELLECTUAL LIFE1 NATURALLY SEEKS TO DIFFUSE HIS IDEAS4 ,!RE IS NO PLEASURE 9 ?9K+ UNLESS ! ?\<T IS COMMUNICAT$ TO O!RS4 ,IT IS ONLY ! M5TALLY POV]TY- /RICK5 MAN1 :O AFT] HE HAS PA9FULLY HUNT$ UP SOME IDEA1 C>EFULLY HIDES IT ?AT LAT] ON HE MAY LABEL IT ) HIS [N NAME4 ,! MAN ( P[]FUL 9TELLECT RUNS OV] ) IDEAS2 HE SCATT]S !M BY ! H&FUL4 ,HE IS WRET*$ IF HE CANNOT %>E !M ) O!RS1 CANNOT SCATT] !M TO ! F\R W9DS1 = 9 ?IS IS HIS LIFE4 

,! SAME ) REG>D TO FEEL+4 0,WE >E NOT 5\< = \RSELVES3 WE HAVE MORE TE>S ?AN \R [N SUFF]+S CLAIM1 MORE CAPACITY = JOY ?AN \R [N EXI/5CE CAN JU/IFY10 SAYS ,GUYAU1 ?US SUMM+ UP ! :OLE QUE/ION ( MORALITY 9 A FEW ADMIRABLE L9ES1 CAU<T FROM NATURE4 ,! SOLIT>Y BE+ IS WRET*$1 RE/LESS1 BECAUSE HE CANNOT %>E HIS ?\<TS & FEEL+S ) O!RS4 ,:5 WE FEEL SOME GREAT PLEASURE1 WE WI% TO LET O!RS KN[ ?AT WE EXI/1 WE FEEL1 WE LOVE1 WE LIVE1 WE /RUGGLE1 WE FI<T4 

,AT ! SAME TIME1 WE FEEL ! NE$ TO EX]CISE \R WILL1 \R ACTIVE 5]GY4 ,TO ACT1 TO WORK HAS BECOME A NE$ = ! VA/ MAJORITY ( MANK9D4 ,SO MU* SO ?AT :5 ABSURD CONDITIONS DIVORCE A MAN OR WOMAN FROM USEFUL WORK1 !Y 9V5T SOME?+ TO DO1 SOME FUTILE & S5SELESS OBLIGATIONS :]EBY TO OP5 \T A FIELD = !IR ACTIVE 5]GY4 ,!Y 9V5T A !ORY1 A RELIGION1 A 0SOCIAL DUTY0 -- TO P]SUADE !MSELVES ?AT !Y >E DO+ SOME?+ USEFUL4 ,:5 !Y DANCE1 IT IS = A *>ITY4 ,:5 !Y RU9 !MSELVES ) EXP5SIVE DRESSES1 IT IS TO KEEP UP ! POSITION ( ! >I/OCRACY4 ,:5 !Y DO NO?+1 IT IS ON PR9CIPLE4 

0,WE NE$ TO HELP \R FELL[S1 TO L5D A H& TO ! COA* LABORI\SLY DRAGG$ ALONG BY HUMANITY2 9 ANY CASE1 WE BUZZ R\ND IT10 SAYS ,GUYAU4 ,?IS NE$ ( L5D+ A H& IS SO GREAT ?AT IT IS F\ND AMONG ALL SOCIABLE ANIMALS1 H[EV] L[ 9 ! SCALE4 ,:AT IS ALL ! 5ORM\S AM\NT ( ACTIVITY SP5T USELESSLY 9 POLITICS EV]Y DAY BUT AN EXPRESSION ( ! NE$ TO L5D A H& TO ! COA* ( HUMANITY1 OR AT LEA/ TO BUZZ >\ND IT 4 

,( C\RSE ?IS 0FECUNDITY ( WILL10 ?IS ?IR/ = ACTION1 :5 ACCOMPANI$ BY POV]TY ( FEEL+ & AN 9TELLECT 9CAPABLE ( CREATION1 WILL PRODUCE NO?+ BUT A ,NAPOLEON ,I OR A ,BISM>CK1 WISEACRES :O TRY TO =CE ! WORLD TO PROGRESS BACKW>DS4 ,:ILE ON ! O!R H&1 M5TAL F]TILITY DE/ITUTE ( WELL DEVELOP$ S5SIBILITY WILL BR+ =? SU* B>R5 FRUITS AS LIT]>Y & SCI5TIFIC P$ANTS :O ONLY H9D] ! ADVANCE ( KN[L$GE4 ,F9ALLY1 S5SIBILITY UNGUID$ BY L>GE 9TELLIG5CE WILL PRODUCE SU* P]SONS AS ! WOMAN READY TO SACRIFICE EV]Y?+ = SOME BRUTE ( A MAN1 UPON :OM %E P\RS =? ALL H] LOVE4 

,IF LIFE TO BE REALLY FRUITFUL1 IT MU/ BE SO AT ONCE 9 9TELLIG5CE1 9 FEEL+ & 9 WILL4 ,?IS F]TILITY 9 EV]Y DIRECTION IS LIFE2 ! ONLY ?+ WOR?Y ! NAME4 ,= ONE MOM5T ( ?IS LIFE1 ?OSE :O HAVE OBTA9$ A GLIMPSE ( IT GIVE YE>S ( VEGETATIVE EXI/5CE4 ,)\T ?IS OV]FL[+ LIFE1 A MAN IS OLD BE=E HIS TIME1 AN IMPOT5T BE+1 A PLANT ?AT WI!RS BE=E IT HAS EV] FL[]$4 

0,LET US LEAVE TO LATT]-DAY CORRUPTION ?IS LIFE ?AT IS NO LIFE10 CRIES Y\?1 ! TRUE Y\? FULL ( SAP ?AT LONGS TO LIVE & SCATT] LIFE >\ND4 ,EV]Y TIME A SOCIETY FALLS 9TO DECAY1 A ?RU/ FROM SU* Y\? AS ?IS %ATT]S ANCI5T ECONOMIC1 & POLITICAL & MORAL =MS TO MAKE ROOM = ! UP-SPR++ ( A NEW LIFE4 ,:AT MATT] IF ONE OR ANO!R FALL 9 ! /RUGGLE6 ,/ILL ! SAP RISES4 ,= Y\? TO LIVE IS TO BLOSSOM :ATEV] ! CONSEQU5CES6 ,IT DOES NOT REGRET !M4 

,BUT )\T SPEAK+ ( ! H]OIC P]IODS ( MANK9D1 TAK+ EV]YDAY EXI/5CE1 IS IT LIFE TO LIVE 9 DISAGREEM5T ) ONE'S IDEAL 8 

,N[-A-DAYS IT IS (T5 SAID ?AT M5 SC(F AT ! IDEAL4 ,& IT IS EASY TO UND]/& :Y4 ,! WORD HAS SO (T5 BE5 US$ TO *EAT ! SIMPLE-HE>T$ ?AT A REACTION IS 9EVITABLE & HEAL?Y4 ,WE TOO %\LD LIKE TO REPLACE ! WORD 0IDEAL10 SO (T5 BLOTT$ & /A9$1 BY A NEW WORD MORE 9 CON=MITY ) NEW IDEAS4 ,BUT :ATEV] ! WORD1 ! FACT REMA9S2 EV]Y HUMAN BE+ HAS HIS IDEAL4 ,BISM>CK HAD HIS--H[EV] /RANGE--2 A GOV]NM5T ( BLOOD & IRON4 ,EV5 EV]Y PHILI/9E  HAS HIS IDEAL1 H[EV] L[4 

,BUT BESIDES !SE1 !RE IS ! HUMAN BE+ :O HAS CON- CEIV$ A L(TI] IDEAL4 ,! LIFE ( A BEA/ CANNOT SATISFY HIM4 ,S]VILITY1 LY+1 BAD FAI?1 9TRIGUE1 9EQUALITY 9 HUMAN RELATIONS FILL HIM ) LOA?+4 ,H[ CAN HE 9 HIS TURN BECOME S]VILE1 BE A LI>1 & 9TRIGU]1 LORD IT OV] O!RS8 ,HE CAT*ES A GLIMPSE ( H[ LOVELY LIFE MI<T BE IF BETT] RELATIONS EXI/$ AMONG M52 HE FEELS 9 HIMSELF ! P[] TO SUCCE$ 9 E/ABLI%+ !SE BETT] RELATIONS ) ?OSE HE MAY MEET ON HIS WAY4 ,HE CONCEIVES :AT IS CALL$ AN IDEAL4 

,:5CE COMES ?IS IDEAL8 ,H[ IS IT FA%ION$ BY H]$ITY ON ONE SIDE & ! IMPRESSIONS ( LIFE ON ! O!R8 ,WE KN[ NOT4 ,AT MO/ WE C\LD TELL ! /ORY ( IT MORE OR LESS TRULY 9 \R [N BIOGRAPHIES4 ,BUT IT IS AN ACTUAL FACT -- V>IABLE1 PROGRESSIVE1 OP5 TO \TSIDE 9FLU5CES BUT ALWAYS LIV+4 ,IT IS A L>GELY UNCONSCI\S FEEL+ ( :AT W\LD GIVE ! GREATE/ AM\NT ( VITALITY1 ( ! JOY ( LIFE4 

,LIFE IS VIGOR\S1 F]TILE4 RI* 9 S5SATION ONLY ON CONDITION ( ANSW]+ TO ?IS FEEL+ ( ! IDEAL4 ,ACT AGA9/ ?IS FEEL+1 & Y\ FEEL Y\R LIFE B5T BACK ON ITSELF4 ,IT IS NO LONG] AT ONE1 IT LOSES ITS VIGOR4 ,BE UNTRUE (T5 TO Y\R IDEAL & Y\ WILL 5D BY P>ALYZ+ Y\R WILL1 Y\R ACTIVE 5]GY4 ,SOON Y\ WILL NO LONG] REGA9 ! VIGOR1 ! SPONTANEITY ( DECISION Y\ =M]LY KNEW4 ,Y\ >E A BROK5 MAN4 

,NO?+ MY/]I\S 9 ALL ?IS1 ONCE Y\ LOOK UPON A HUMAN BE+ AS A COMP\ND ( N]V\S & C]EBRAL C5T]S ACT+ 9DEP5D5TLY4 ,WAV] BETWE5 ! V>I\S FEEL+S /RIV+ )9 Y\1 & Y\ WILL SOON 5D BY BREAK+ ! H>MONY ( ! ORGANISM2 Y\ WILL BE A SICK P]SON )\T WILL4 ,! 9T5SITY ( Y\R LIFE WILL DECREASE4 ,9 VA9 WILL Y\ SEEK = COMPROMISES4 ,NEV] MORE WILL Y\ BE ! COMPLETE1 /RONG1 VIGOR\S BE+ Y\ W]E :5 Y\R ACTS W]E 9 ACCORDANCE ) ! IDEAL CONCEPTIONS ( Y\R BRA94 

,!RE >E EPO*S 9 :I* ! MORAL CONCEPTION *ANGES 5TIRELY4 ,A MAN P]CEIVES ?AT :AT HE HAD CONSID]$ MORAL IS ! DEEPE/ IMMORALITY4 ,9 SOME 9/ANCES IT IS A CU/OM1 A V5]AT$ TRADITION1 ?AT IS FUNDAM5TALLY IMMORAL4 ,9 O!RS WE F9D A MORAL SY/EM FRAM$ 9 ! 9T]E/S ( A S+LE CLASS4 ,WE CA/ !M OV]BO>D & RAISE ! CRY 0,D[N ) MORALITY60 ,IT BECOMES A DUTY TO ACT 0IMMORALLY40 

,LET US WELCOME SU* EPO*S = !Y >E EPO*S ( CRITICISM4 ,!Y >E AN 9FALLIBLE SIGN ?AT ?\<T IS WORK+ 9 SOCIETY4 ,A HI<] MORALITY HAS BEGUN TO BE WR\<T \T4 

,:AT ?IS MORALITY WILL BE WE HAVE S\<T TO =MULATE1 TAK+ AS \R BASIS ! /UDY ( MAN & ANIMAL4 

,WE HAVE SE5 ! K9D ( MORALITY :I* IS EV5 N[ %AP+ ITSELF 9 ! IDEAS ( ! MASSES & ( ! ?9K]S4 ,?IS MORALITY WILL ISSUE NO COMM&S4 ,IT WILL REFUSE ONCE & = ALL TO MODEL 9DIVIDUALS ACCORD+ TO AN AB/RACT IDEA1 AS IT WILL REFUSE TO MUTILATE !M BY RELIGION1 LAW OR GOV]NM5T4 ,IT WILL LEAVE TO ! 9DIVIDUAL MAN FULL & P]FECT LIB]TY4 ,IT WILL BE BUT A SIMPLE RECORD ( FACTS1 A SCI5CE4 ,& ?IS SCI5CE WILL SAY TO MAN3 0,IF Y\ >E NOT CONSCI\S ( /R5G? )9 Y\1 IF Y\R 5]GIES >E ONLY JU/ SUFFICI5T TO MA9TA9 A COLORLESS1 MONOTON\S LIFE1 )\T /RONG IMPRESSIONS1 )\T DEEP JOYS1 BUT ALSO )\T DEEP SORR[S1 WELL !N1 KEEP TO ! SIMPLE PR9CIPLES ( A JU/ EQUALITY4 ,9 RELATIONS ( EQUALITY Y\ WILL F9D PROBABLY ! MAXIMUM ( HAPP9ESS POSSIBLE TO Y\R FEEBLE 5]GIES4 

0,BUT IF Y\ FEEL )9 Y\ ! /R5G? ( Y\?1 IF Y\ WI% TO LIVE1 IF Y\ WI% TO 5JOY A P]FECT1 FULL & OV]FL[+ LIFE --?AT IS1 KN[ ! HI<E/ PLEASURE :I* A LIV+ BE+ CAN DESIRE-- BE /RONG1 BE GREAT1 BE VIGOR\S 9 ALL Y\ DO4 

0,S[ LIFE >\ND Y\4 ,TAKE HE$ ?AT IF Y\ DECEIVE1 LIE1 9TRIGUE1 *EAT1 Y\ !REBY DEMEAN Y\RSELF4 BELITTLE Y\RSELF1 CONFESS Y\R [N WEAKNESS BE=EH&1 PLAY ! P>T ( ! SLAVE ( ! H>EM :O FEELS HIMSELF ! 9F]IOR ( HIS MA/]4 ,DO ?IS IF IT SO PLEASES Y\1 BUT KN[ ?AT HUMANITY WILL REG>D Y\ AS PETTY1 CONTEMPTIBLE & FEEBLE1 & TREAT Y\ AS SU*4 ,HAV+ NO EVID5CE ( Y\R /R5G?1 IT WILL ACT T[>DS Y\ AS ONE WOR?Y ( PITY-- & PITY ONLY4 ,DO NOT BLAME HUMANITY IF ( Y\R [N ACCORD Y\ ?US P>ALYZE Y\R 5]GIES4 ,BE /RONG ON ! O!R H&1 & ONCE Y\ HAVE SE5 UNRI<TE\SNESS & RECOGNIZ$ IT AS SU* --9EQUITY 9 LIFE1 A LIE 9 SCI5CE1 OR SUFF]+ 9FLICT$ BY ANO!R-- RISE 9 REVOLT AGA9/ ! 9IQUITY1 ! LIE OR ! 9JU/ICE4 

0,/RUGGLE6 ,TO /RUGGLE IS TO LIVE1 & ! FI]C] ! /RUGGLE ! 9T5S] ! LIFE4 ,!N Y\ WILL HAVE LIV$2 & A FEW H\RS ( SU* LIFE >E WOR? YE>S SP5T VEGETAT+4 

0,/RUGGLE SO ?AT ALL MAY LIVE ?IS RI*1 OV]FL[+ LIFE4 ,& BE SURE ?AT 9 ?IS /RUGGLE Y\ WILL F9D A JOY GREAT] ?AN ANY?+ ELSE CAN GIVE40 

,?IS IS ALL ?AT ! SCI5CE ( MORALITY CAN TELL Y\4 ,Y\RS IS ! *OICE4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #ahig 3 ,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bag 3 ,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY -- ,ADD$4 
,DECEMB] #c1 #bba 3 ,AN>*I/ ,MORALITY -- ,UPDAT$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
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