,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA9 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION 

,TEXT 3 

,9 ?IS >TICLE WE TAKE A LOOK AT ! DEVELOPM5T ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA9 S9CE ! LATE #a#i? C5TURY4 ,9 ! FIR/ SECTION WE DEAL ) ! E>LY DAYS ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE & ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS4 ,9 ! SECOND P>T WE LOOK AT ! GR\P+ >\ND ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ & AT ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION & ,GUY ,ALDR$4 ,9 ! ?IRD P>T WE LOOK AT ! GR\P+S ( ! #gS1 ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/S1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION1 ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,ASSOCIATION & ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P4 ,AN >TICLE ON ! FIR/ T5 YE>S ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION1 APPE>+ 9 ?IS ISSUE ( ,ORGANIZE61 TIES 9 ) ?IS S]IES4 

,P,>,T #a4 ,! ,F,\,N,D,+ ,Y,E,>,S 

  

,! WORK+ CLASS ACTIVI/S ,FRANK ,KITZ & ,JOE ,LANE PROVID$ A L9K BETWE5 ! OLD ,*>TI/ MOVEM5T1 ,[5ISM1 ! ,BRITI% SECTION ( ! ,FIR/ ,9T]NATIONAL1 ! FREE SPEE* FI<TS ( ! #a#h#gS & ! NEWLY EM]G5T SOCIALISM ( ! #a#h#hS4 ,LANE DEVELOP$ ANTI-/ATE IDEAS E>LY ON1 EV5 BE=E HE CAME TO CALL HIMSELF A SOCIALI/ 9 #a#h#h#a4 ,A REAL P[]-H\SE ( AN ACTIVI/1 HE SET UP ! ,HOM]TON ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,CLUB 9 ?AT YE> & ATT5D$ ! 9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIAL ,REVOLUTION>Y & ,AN>*I/ ,CONGRESS AS ITS DELEGATE4 ,KITZ ALSO ATT5D$ AS DELEGATE FROM ! ,ROSE ,/REET ,CLUB4 ,KITZ MET ! ,G]MAN ,AN>*I/S ,JOHANN ,MO/ & ,VICTOR ,DAVE !RE & WAS DEEPLY 9FLU5C$ BY !M4 ,) ! HELP ( ,AMBROSE ,B>K]1 :O WAS BAS$ 9 ,/RAT=D 9 EA/ ,LONDON1 ,LANE & ,KITZ LAUN*$ ! ,LABOR ,EMANCIPATION ,LEAGUE4 ,! ,L,E,L WAS 9 MANY WAYS AN ORGANIZATION ?AT REPRES5T$ ! TRANSITION ( RADICAL IDEAS FROM ,*>TISM TO REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALISM4 ,! DEM&S = UNIV]SAL ADULT SUFFRAGE1 FRE$OM ( SPEE*1 FREE ADM9I/RATION ( JU/ICE1 ETC1 SAT ALONGSIDE ! DEM& = ! EXPROPRIATION ( ! CAPITALI/ CLASS4 ,! MA9 ROLE ( ! ,L,E,L WAS ?AT IT WAS TO (F] A =UM = DISCUSSION & $UCATION AMONG ADVANC$ WORK]S 9 ,LONDON1 ) #g BRAN*ES 9 ,EA/ ,LONDON & REGUL> OP5-AIR MEET+S 9 ,MILLWALL1 ,CL]K5WELL1 ,/RAT=D & ON ! ,MILE ,5D ,WA/E4 ,NEV]!LESS1 ANTI-P>LIAM5T>ISM WAS ALREADY DEVELOP+ 9 ! ,L,E,L4 

,! ,L,E,L SUCCE$$ 9 MOV+ ! ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION ( ,HYNDMAN OV] TO MORE RADICAL POSITIONS4 ,! 9TELLECTUAL & >TI/ ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS HAD REC5TLY JO9$ ?IS GR\P & ,LANE WAS TO HAVE AN IMPORTANT 9FLU5CE ON HIM = SEV]AL YE>S4 ,! ORGANIZATION *ANG$ ITS NAME TO ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION4,! AUTOCRACY & AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ,HYNDMAN REPULS$ MANY MEMB]S & A SPLIT TOOK PLACE 9 #a#h#h#d4 ,MORRIS1 ,BEL=T ,BAX1 ,ELEANOR ,M>X 7,K>L ,M>X'S DAU<T]7 ,$W>D ,AVEL+ & MO/ ( ! ,L,E,L LEFT TO =M ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE4 ,! ,LEAGUE ITSELF CONTA9$ BO? ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS & SUPPORT]S ( P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION1 :O HAD BE5 UNIT$ BY !IR OPPOSITION TO ,HYNDMAN4 ,A DRAFT P>LIAM5T>I/ CON/ITUTION 9SPIR$ BY ,5GELS WAS REJECT$1 BUT ! DIVISIONS CONT9U$4 ,ONE ( ! RESULTS ( ?IS WAS ,LANE'S ,ANTI-,/ATI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O1 :I* HAD ORIG9ALLY BE5 A POLICY /ATEM5T ?AT HAD BE5 REJECT$ BY ! P>LIAM5T>I/ MAJORITY ON ! POLICY SUBCOMMITTEE4 

,ANTI-,/ATI/ 

  

,! ,ANTI ,/ATI/ ,COMMUNI/ ,MANIFE/O IS NOT A BRILLIANTLY WRITT5 OR P>TICUL>LY WELL >GU$ DOCUM5T4 ,NEV]!LESS IT /&S AS PROBABLY ! FIR/ ,5GLI% HOME GR[N LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ /ATEM5T 4 ,IT SP5DS TOO LONG TALK+ AB\T RELIGION4 ,IT REJECTS RE=MISM ?R\< P>LIAM5T OR ! TRADE UNIONS4 ,IT CALLS = MASS REVOLUTION>Y ACTION4 ,9 ! ,MANIFE/O1 ,LANE DESCRIBES HIS IDEAS AS ,REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/ OR ,FREE ,COMMUNI/4 ,HE NEV] PUBLICLY US$ ! WORD ,AN>*I/ TO DESCRIBE HIS POLITICS1 FEEL+ ?AT ! WORD PUT TOO MANY PEOPLE (F1 & WI%+ TO DI/+UI% HIMSELF FROM 9DIVIDUALI/S4 ,9 PRIVATE HE WAS SYMPA!TIC TO OP5LY DECL>$ ,AN>*I/S & REM>K$ AB\T ! ,MANIFE/O3 0,I DO NOT CLAIM ?AT ,I HAVE EXP\ND$ AN>*Y2 IT IS = O!RS TO JUDGE04 ,LANE MU/ BE CONSID]$ AS ONE ( ! MO/ IMPORTANT PIONE]S ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA94 

,:IL/ ,AN>*ISM WAS SELF-DEVELOP+ )9 ! ,LEAGUE1 & ATTEMPT+ TO A*IEVE COH]5CE1 O!R DEVELOPM5TS W]E TAK+ PLACE4 ,! VET]AN ,DAN ,*ATT]TON1 :O HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,*>TI/ AGITATIONS ( #a#h#d#h1 PRODUC$ HIS [N ,AN>*I/ PAP] ,*ATT]TON'S ,COMMUNE-! ,A!I/ ,COMMUNI/IC ,SCOR*]4 ,?IS RAN = #db ISSUES FROM #a#h#h#d1 PRODUC$ 9 CONDITIONS ( EXTREME POV]TY4 ,MEAN:ILE ONE ( ! PIONE]S ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM1 ! ,RUSSIAN ,PIOTR ,KROPOTK91 HAD >RIV$ 9 ,BRITA94 ,KROPOTK9'S LECTURES TO MANY ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE BRAN*ES RE9=C$ ! ,AN>*I/ T5D5CIES AMONG MANY ( ITS MEMB]S4 ,*>LES ,M[BRAY1 A TAILOR FROM ,DURHAM1 ACTIVE 9 ! ,LONDON ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE1 WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ TO SPECIFICALLY CALL HIMSELF AN ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/4 ,KROPOTK9 ALSO HELP$ SET UP ! PAP] ,FRE$OM :I* WAS SPECIFICALLY ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/4 ,! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P ALSO UND]TOOK ! ORGANIZATION ( L>GE PUBLIC MEET+S & OP5-AIR PUBLIC SPEAK+4 ,AS A RESULT A NUMB] ( WORK]S1 ESPECIALLY FROM ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION1 W]E WON TO ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM1 LIKE ! COMPOSITORS ,*>LES ,MORTON & ,W4 ,PE>SON1 :IL/ ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE MEMB]S LIKE ,ALFR$ ,M>% & ,JOHN ,TURN] JO9$ ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P4 ,REGRETTABLY1 :I/ ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE BRAN*ES DI/RIBUT$ ,FRE$OM >\ND ! C\NTRY !RE WAS A C]TA9 ANTIPA?Y BETWE5 ! ,LEAGU]S & ! ,FRE$OMITES4 ,AS ! ,AN>*I/ HI/ORIAN ,NETTLAU WAS TO REM>K1 ,KROPOTK9'S FAILURE TO WORK )9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE WAS3  
  

0REGRETTABLE1 = 9 #ahhf & #ahhg ! ,LEAGUE CONTA9$ ! V]Y BE/ ,SOCIALI/ ELEM5TS ( ! TIME1 M5 7SIC7 :O HAD DELIB]ATELY REJECT$ ,P>LIAM5T>IANISM & RE=MISM & :O WORK$ = ! SPL5DID FREE ,COMMUNISM ( ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS OR = BROADM9D$ REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM4 ,IF ,KROPOTK9'S EXP]I5CE & >DOR HAD HELP$ ?IS MOVEM5T WE MI<T SAY TODAY ,KROPOTK9 & ,WILLIAM ,MORRIS AS WE SAY ,ELISEE ,RECLUS & ,KROPOTK9444,!RE WAS A LAT5T LACK ( SYMPA?Y BETWE5 ! ,AN>*I/S ( ! ,LEAGUE & ?OSE ( ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P 9 ?OSE E>LY YE>S2 ! LATT] W]E BELIEV$ BY ! =M] TO DISPLAY SOME S5SE ( SUP]IORITY1 BE+ 9 POSSESSION ( DEF9ITELY ELABORAT$ ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNI/ !ORIES444IF BO? EF=TS HAD BE5 COORD9AT$ A MU* /RONG] MOVEM5T W\LD HAVE BE5 CREAT$04  

,PROGRESS 

  

,BY #ahi ,AN>*ISM HAD MADE CONSID]ABLE PROGRESS )9 ! ,LEAGUE4 ,9 ,LONDON !RE W]E #b SPECIFIC ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ GR\PS1 ONE 9 ,/ ,PANCRAS MO/LY =M$ FROM ,FRE$OM ,GR\P MEMB]S1 ! O!R 9 ,EA/ ,LONDON1 MEMB]S ( ! ,CL]K5WELL ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE 9 DIFF]5T HATS1 :I* PRODUC$ ! FREE H&\T ! ,AN>*I/ ,LABOR ,LEAF4 

#ahhh SAW ! )DRAWAL ( ! P>LIAM5T>IANS FROM ! ,LEAGUE4 ,!RE WAS /ILL T5SION BETWE5 ?OSE :O LIKE ,MORRIS1 DID NOT DESCRIBE !MSELVES AS ,AN>*I/S BUT AS FREE COMMUNI/S4 ,?IS T5SION WAS AGGRAVAT$ BY A P$ANTIC APPROA* AMONG SOME ( ! ,LEAGUE ,AN>*I/S4 ,! ,AN>*I/S 9SI/$ TOO MU* ON PHILOSOPHICAL PR9CIPLE & NOT 5\< ON SOCIAL PRACTICE4 ,MORRIS WROTE3 0,I AM NOT PLEAD+ = ANY =M ( >BITR>Y OR UNREASONABLE AU?ORITY1 BUT = A PUBLIC CONSCI5CE AS A RULE ( ACTION3 & BY ALL MEANS LET US HAVE ! LEA/ POSSIBLE EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY4 ,I SUSPECT ?AT MANY ( \R ,COMMUNI/-,AN>*I/ FRI5DS DO REALLY MEAN ?AT1 :5 !Y PRON\NCE AGA9/ ALL AU?ORITY0 4 ,! ,AN>*I/S ,H4,DAVIS & ,JAMES ,BLACKWELL W]E TOO READY TO TAKE ISSUE ) ,MORRIS'S PHRASE 0 ! LEA/ POSSIBLE EX]CISE ( AU?ORITY01 FAIL+ TO SEE ?AT ! 'PUBLIC CONSCI5CE' HE PROPOS$ AS ! BASIS ( ,COMMUNISM WAS ! CULM9ATION ( ! VOLUNT>Y PR9CIPLE 9 A SOCIETY :]E IT HAD BECOME CU/OM & HABIT4 ,IF ,MORRIS *OSE TO CALL ?AT A SITUATION :]E AU?ORITY WAS EX]CIS$ !N ! DISPUTE WAS SEMANTIC4 7,! ,SL[ ,BURN+ ,FUZE1 ,JOHN ,QUAIL47 

,MORRIS'S T5D5CY FELT ?AT F> MORE PROPAG&A & $UCATION NE$$ TO BE DONE BE=E ! ,REVOLUTION C\LD COME AB\T4 ,MANY ,AN>*I/S FELT ?AT MASS ACTION WAS 9 ITSELF $UCATIONAL1 TRANS=M+ ?OSE TAK+ P>T4 ,BO? W]E RI<T 1 BUT ONLY P>TIALLY RI<T4 ,!RE %\LD HAVE BE5 A DYNAMIC DIALOGUE BETWE5 !SE #b POSITIONS4 ,?IS WAS NOT TO HAPP54 ,! DEAD-5D ( ! ADVOCACY ( 9DIVIDUAL ACTS ( 'PROPAG&A BY ! DE$' C\*$ 9 FI]Y LANGUAGE MEANT ! DEP>TURE ( ,MORRIS1 NOT TO M5TION ,KITZ & ,LANE4 ,IT ALSO MEANT ! 9FILTRATION ( ! MOVEM5T BY POLICE AG5TS1 & A RESULT+ CLAMP-D[N BY ! ,/ATE4 ,SOME ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S1 LIKE ,SAMUELS W]E F]OCI\S ADVOCATES ( ! 'PROPAG&A BY ! DE$' O!RS LIKE ,TO*ATTI1 W]E JU/ AS F]OCI\SLY OPPOS$ TO SU* TACTICS4 ,! LOSS ( ,MORRIS1 ! )DRAWAL ( ,LANE & ! TEMPOR>Y )DRAWAL ( ,KITZ W]E A DISA/] = ! DEVELOPM5T ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA94 ,! ,SOCIALI/ ,LEAGUE COLLAPS$ NATIONALLY4 

,RU9S 

  

,A NUMB] ( SPECIFIC ,AN>*I/ GR\PS EM]G$ FROM ! RU9S ( ! ,LEAGUE4 ,9 FACT DESPITE ! REPRESSION1 9 ! P]IOD #a#h#i#b-#d ! MOVEM5T HAD A MASSIVE GR[?4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ,MORRIS HAD E/IMAT$ ! MEMB]%IP ( ! ,LEAGUE 9 ,LONDON AS #ab 9 #a#h#i#a4 ,9 #a#h#i#d1 ,QUAIL E/IMATES ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T 9 ,LONDON AS UP TO #b14 7SEE WORK CIT$ ABOVE74 ,! 'BOMB' FACTION HAD LO/ \T1 & ! 'REVOLUTIONI/' T5D5CY WAS RE-AFFIRM+ ITSELF4 ,AS A VET]AN ( ! ,LEAGUE1 ,DAVID ,NICOLL WAS TO SAY 9 ! ,AN>*I/ :I* HE BR\<T \T 9 ,%EFFIELD 9 #a#h#i#d3 0,WE >E ,COMMUNI/S4 ,WE DO NOT SEEK TO E/ABLI% AN IMPROV$ WAGES SY/EM LIKE ! ,FABIAN ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS4,\R WORK = ! PRES5T LIES 9 SPREAD+ \R IDEAS AMONG ! WORK]S 9 !IR CLUBS & ORGANIZATIONS AS WELL AS 9 ! OP5 /REET04 ,! REVIVAL WAS NOT TO LA/4 ,AN ATTEMPT TO UNITE ! FRAGM5T$ GR\PS -- ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,ALLIANCE -- 9 #ahie WAS /ILLBORN & ! MOVEM5T WAS 9 DEF9ITE DECL9E BY ! FOLL[+ YE>4 ,A P]IOD ( REACTION & LACK ( /RUGGLE )9 ! WORK+ CLASS AS WELL AS BITT] 9T]NAL CONFLICTS WAS SAPP+ ! MOVEM5T4 

,!RE WAS TO BE NO REVIVAL TILL MID-#a#i#c4 ,! GR[+ 9DU/RIAL UNRE/1 ! GR[? ( SYNDICALISM & 9DU/RIAL UNIONISM1 W]E TO BE CONTRIBUTORY FACTORS TO ! REF\ND VIGOR ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T4 ,EXAMPLES ( ! RETURN+ /R5G? ( ! MOVEM5T CAN BE SE5 9 ! SECESSION ( A GR\P FROM ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,F$]ATION 9 ,PLYM\?1 ! MAJORITY ( :OM SET UP AN ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ GR\P 9 #a#i#a1 & A SIMIL> SECESSION FROM ! 9DU/RIAL UNIONI/ ,9DU/RIALI/ ,LEAGUE 9 ,HULL 9 #a#i#a#c4 ,?AT YE> WAS TO SEE CONSID]ABLE AGITATION 9 ! ,S\? ,WALES VALLEYS1 :]E SMALL PROPAG&A GR\PS W]E SET UP1 CALL$ ,WORK]S ,FRE$OM ,GR\PS4 ,AT A MEET+ 9 ,AMMON=D ) #ab PRES5T1 A ,COMMUNI/ CLUB H\SE WAS OP5$4 ,IT WAS REPORT$ ?AT3 0,! ,CON/ITUTION & PROGRAM ( ! ,WORK]S ,FRE$OM ,GR\PS HAVE BE5 %AP$ UPON ! MODEL ( FUTURE SOCIETY AT :I* !Y AIM1 NAMELY ,AN>*I/-,COMMUNISM04 ,A ,WORK]S ,FRE$OM ,GR\P WAS E/ABLI%$ 9 ! PIT VILLAGE ( ,*OPWELL 9 ,DURHAM1 BY AMONG O!RS ,WILL ,LAW!R7LAT] TO BE A RI<T-W+ M9]S' LEAD]47 ,! ,*OPWELL ,AN>*I/S ALSO SET UP A ,COMMUNI/ ,CLUB4 ,AN>*I/S SET UP A ,COMMUNI/ ,CLUB 9 ,/OCKPORT 9 ! FOLL[+ YE>4 ,9 ,LONDON GR\PS MU%ROOM$ & AGITATION WAS 9T5SE4 ,H]E ,GUY ,ALDR$41 A Y\NG MAN :O HAD />T$ \T AS A ,*RI/IAN PREA*]1 MOV+ ?R\< SECUL>ISM & !N ! ,S,D,F TO ,AN>*ISM1 BEGAN TO ATTEMPT TO SYN!SIZE HIS E>LI] ,M>XISM ) HIS ,AN>*ISM 9 #a#i#a4 ,HE HAD SET UP A ,COMMUNI/ ,PROPAG&A ,GR\P 9 #aig & HE N[ REVIV$ ?IS1 & HELP$ SET UP SEV]AL ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\PS 9 ! ,LONDON >EA1 AS WELL AS TRAVEL+ REGUL>LY TO ,GLASG[ & HELP+ =M ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P !RE4 ,HE HAD S]I\S CRITICISMS ( TRADE UNIONS & HAD FALL5 \T ) ! ,FRE$OM ,GR\P BECAUSE ONE ( ITS MEMB]S1 ,JOHN ,TURN]1 WAS A LEAD+ TRADE UNION (FICIAL4 ,AS ,ALDR$ NOT$3 0444,I GRADUALLY FELL \T ) ! ,FRE$OM ,AN>*I/S444,!IR ,AN>*Y WAS M]ELY ,TRADE ,UNION ACTIVITY :I* !Y MISCALL$ ,DIRECT ,ACTION4 ,!IR ANG] KNEW NO B\NDS :5 ,I 9SI/$ ?AT ,TRADES ,UNIONISM WAS ! BASIS ( ,LABOR ,P>LIAM5T>IANISM40 

,BUT N[ ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W> LOOM$ & ITS \TBREAK & REP]CUSSIONS W]E TO HAVE CATACLYSMIC EFFECTS ON ! :OLE REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T1 NOT LEA/ ! ,AN>*I/S4 

,P,>,T #b4 ,! ,W,> ,& ,I,T,S ,A,F,T,],M,A,? 

  

,! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 NOT JU/ 9 ,BRITA91 BUT WORLD-WIDE WAS %AK5 TO ITS F\NDATIONS BY ! NEWS ?AT ,KROPOTK9 & O!RS W]E SUPPORT+ ! ,ALLIES AGA9/ ,G]MANY & ,AU/RIA-,HUNG>Y4 ,TO !IR CR$IT1 ! MAJORITY ( ,AN>*I/S TOOK A REVOLUTION>Y AB/5TIONI/ ANTI-W> POSITION1 9CLUD+ ,FRE$OM & ! ,SPUR1 $IT$ BY ,ALDR$4 ,A FI]CELY ACTIVE ANTI-W> PROPAG&A TOOK PLACE )9 ! ,NOR? ,LONDON ,H]ALD ,LEAGUE1 :]E ,AN>*I/S WORK$ ALONGSIDE SOCIALI/S FROM DIFF]5T ORGANIZATIONS4,?IS JO9T ACTIVITY WAS REFLECT$ RI<T ACROSS ,BRITA94 ,9DE$ ! ,AN>*I/S W]E BEG9N+ TO HAVE A GR[+ 9FLU5CE AMONG ! LATT]4 

,ALDR$ WAS TO REM>K ON ! GR[+ NUMB] ( 0,M>XIAN AN>*I/S0 )9 ! MOVEM5T1 :O ACCEPT$ A ,M>XIAN ANALYSIS ( ! ,/ATE & ( ! IMPORTANCE ( CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,!SE ACTIVI/S W]E BECOM+ IMPATI5T ) ?OSE 1 :O TO QUOTE ,FR$A ,COH5 ( ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P1 W]E SATISFI$ ) 0F9E PHRASES OR POETICAL VISION+04 ,ALONGSIDE ?IS WAS ! H]ITAGE ( ,MORRIS & ,CO )9 ! BROAD SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T1 :I* WAS ASS]T+ ITSELF )9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY1 ! ,BRITI% ,SOCIALI/ ,P>TY1 7! SUCCESSOR ( ! ,S,D,F7 & ! ,9DEP5D5T ,LABOR ,P>TY4 ,ANTIP>LIAM5T>Y IDEAS W]E REEM]G+ )9 !SE ORGANIZATIONS- = 9/ANCE1 )9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,P>TY1 MEMB]S W]E QUE/ION+ ! PRO-P>LIAM5T>Y IDEAS ( ,DE,LEON :O HAD F\ND$ ! ,P>TY4 ,SOME LEFT TO BECOME ,AN>*I/S4 

,AN ATTEMPT WAS MADE TO UNITE ! ,AN>*I/S >\ND ,FRE$OM & ! ,SPUR1 $IT$ BY ,ALDR$1 ) ! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y DISSID5TS ( ! ,S,L,P4 ,?IS 9ITIATIVE CAME FROM )9 ! ,S,L,P & AT A UNITY CONF]5CE 9 ,M>* #aiai ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE WAS F\ND$1 ) A PAP] ! ,COMMUNI/4 ,9 IT ,GEORGE ,ROSE WAS TO REM>K3 0 WE KN[ ?AT !RE MU/ DEVELOP ! GREAT WORK+ CLASS ANTI-,/ATI/ MOVEM5T1 %[+ ! WAY TO ,COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE IS ! /&>D BE>] ( ! MOVEM5T2 & ALL ! HO/S ( ,COMMUNI/S 9 ! V>I\S O!R ,SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATIONS WILL 9 GOOD TIME SEE ?AT ,P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION WILL LEAD !M1 NOT TO ,COMMUNI/ BUT TO BUREAUCRATIC ,/ATISM444,!RE=E1 WE ID5TIFY \RSELVES ) ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL1 ) ! ,COMMUNISM ( ,M>X1 & ) ?AT P]SONIFICATION ( ! SPIRIT ( REVOLT1 ,BAKUN91 ( :OM ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL IS BUT ! NATURAL & LOGICAL \TCOME40 ,ROSE %[S HIMSELF UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ,ALDR$1 :O LOOK$ = A FUSION BETWE5 ,BAKUN9ISM & ,M>XISM1 9 ! PROCESS GLOSS+ OV] SOME FUNDAM5TAL DIFF]5CES4 ,9DE$ AN 9ITIAL REPORT 9 ,FRE$OM ON ! CONF]5CE1 :IL/ NOT+ ?AT ! ,LEAGUE WAS NOT AN ,AN>*I/ ORGANIZATION1 REM>K$ ?AT ! 0REPUDIATION ( ,P>LIAM5T IS A LONG /EP 9 \R DIRECTION01 BUT ON ! O!R H& !RE WAS A %>P EX*ANGE BETWE5 ,AN>*I/S & ,LEAGUE MEMB]S OV] ! IDEA ( ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT & ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM4 ,AT A ,CONF]5CE ( ,LONDON ,AN>*I/S IT WAS REM>K$ ?AT1 0,! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y ATTITUDE ( MANY ,SOCIALI/S & ,COMMUNI/S WAS GREATLY DUE TO \R PROPAG&A 9 ! PA/1 & GOOD RESULTS W\LD UND\BT$LY FOLL[ IF WE WORK$ ) !M04 ,A RESULT+ CONF]5CE WAS V]Y FRI5DLY 9 TONE1 AL?\< CONTROV]SY OV] ! DICTATOR%IP ( ! PROLET>IAT WAS NOT ABS5T4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS 9ITIATIVE ( COOP]ATION BETWE5 REVOLUTION>Y ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANS WAS TO EVAPORATE :5 ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE DISAPPE>$ )\T TRACE AT ! 5D ( #a#i#a#i4 

,! ATTEMPTS AT COOP]ATION & UNITY CONT9U$ H[EV]1 AL?\< ! :OLE PROCESS WAS CL\D$ BY ! ISSUE ( ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION & SUPPORT = ! ,BOL%EVIKS4 ,ALDR$ HIMSELF WAS AT FIR/ A /AUN* SUPPORT] ( ! ,BOL%EVIKS1 H>DLY SURPRIS+ CONSID]+ ! LACK ( ANY H>D 9=MATION AB\T ,L59'S ,P>TY 9 ,BRITA94 7,?IS WAS REFLECT$ 9 G5]AL IGNORANCE 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T ?R\<\T ! WORLD74 ,A S]IES ( CRITICAL >TICLES BY AN ,AU/RIAN ,AN>*I/ :I* W]E PR9T$ 9 ! ,SPUR 9 ,SEPTEMB] #aiai W]E LAMBA/$ BY ,ALDR$ & O!RS1 AL?\< 9 TIME HE CAME TO ! SAME CONCLUSIONS AS HE GA9$ MORE SOLID 9=MATION4 ,MO/ REVOLUTION>IES1 H[EV] W]E ! SLAVES ( WI%FUL ?9K+1 DESPITE EVID5CE ?AT ALL WAS NOT WELL 9 ,RUSSIA4 ,?IS ATTITUDE1 ! UNITY -AT-ALL-CO/S SYNDROME & 0LOYALTY TO ! WORLD REVOLUTION0 POSITION 7,TRANSLATION"7SLAVI%LY C>RY \T :ATEV] ,L59 & ! ,BOL%EVIKS TELL Y\ TO DO7 WAS TO HAVE DISA/R\S CONSEQU5CES = ! ,BRITI% REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T4 ,AS ,BOB ,JONES SAYS 9 HIS PAMPHLET ,LEFT-,W+ ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA9 #a#i#a#g-#b#a3 0,!RE WAS1 AS HAPP5S REPEAT$LY 9 ! HI/ORY ( ,BRITI% SOCIALISM 9 ! TW5TIE? C5TURY1 A COMPLETE ABDICATION ( CRITICAL JUDGM5T :5 BASIC PR9CIPLES & BELIEFS >E PUT TO ! TE/ BY SUPPOS$ FRI5DS & ALLIES04 ,?IS IS SOME?+ ?AT %\LD BE BORNE 9 M9D AT ! PRES5T ) V>I\S 0UNITY0 MOVES4 

,DESPITE ! CONT9U+ GR[? ( ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANISM 9 BO? ! ,S,L,P & ,B,S,P1 ,L59 WAS TO 9SI/ ?AT3 0,BRITI% COMMUNI/S %\LD P>TICIPATE 9 P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION444 FROM )9 ,P>LIAM5T HELP ! MASSES ( ! WORK]S TO SEE ! RESULTS ( A ,H5D]SON & ,SN[D5 GOV]NM5T 9 PRACTICE04 ,9 PRACTICAL T]MS ?IS MEANT AFFILIATION TO ! ,LABOR ,P>TY & ! CALL = A ,LABOR VOTE1 DESPITE ! 7YES1 EV5 !N67 REACTION>Y ROLE & NATURE ( ,LABOR4 ,?IS POSITION1 :I* ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S HAVE CONSI/5TLY >GU$ AGA9/ 9 ! #b? ,C5TURY1 IS /ILL V]Y MU* AN OB/ACLE TO ! CREATION ( A REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ 

  

,ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y COMMUNISM HAD ALSO DEVELOP$ 9SIDE ! ,WORK]S' ,SOCIALI/ ,F$]ATION 7,W,S,F7 4 ,?IS HAD EVOLV$ \T ( ! ,WOM5S ,SUFFRAGE ,F$]ATION BAS$ >\ND ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ 9 ! ,EA/ ,5D ( ,LONDON1 ABOVE ALL 9 ! ,B[ & ,BROMLEY DI/RICTS4 ,) H] MO!R ,EMMEL9E & SI/] ,*RI/ABEL %E HAD L$ A VIGOR\S & MILITANT CAMPAIGN = VOTES = WOM54 ,BUT DIFF]5CES DEVELOP$ BETWE5 H] & !M OV] A NUMB] ( ISSUES1 9CLUD+ ,SYLVIA'S EMPHASIS = ACTIVITY AMONG ! WORK+ CLASS1 & = JO9T ACTION BETWE5 WORK+ CLASS WOM5 & M5 = COMMON DEM&S4 ,?IS GAP WAS WID5$ BY ! ,W>1 :I* ,EMMEL9E & ,*RI/ABEL FI]CELY SUPPORT$1 :IL/ ,SYLVIA CAME \T 9 OPPOSITION4 ,DUR+ ! W> ! ,W,S,F W]E V]Y ACTIVE AMONG ! ,EA/ ,LONDON WORK+ CLASS1 SETT+ UP FREE OR CUT PRICE RE/AURANTS1 DAY NURS]IES = *ILDR5 ( WORK+ MO!RS1 & DI/RIBUT+ FREE MILK = BABIES4 ,9 ?IS P]IOD IT DAWN$ ON ,SYLVIA ,PANKHUR/ ?AT CAPITALISM C\LD NOT BE RE=M$1 BUT MU/ BE DE/ROY$ & REPLAC$ BY A FREE COMMUNI/ SOCIETY4 ,%E SAW 9 ! ,RUSSIAN REVOLUTION ! MODEL = A REVOLUTION BAS$ ON WORK]S C\NCILS1 :]E COMMITTEES ( RECALLABLE & M&AT$ DELEGATES W\LD BE ELECT$ & ANSW]ABLE TO MASS ASSEMBLIES ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,%E REJECT$ P>LIAM5T>Y ACTION & ! DOM9ATION ( LEAD]S1 CALL+ = ! DEVELOPM5T ( SELF-ORGANIZATION & SELF-9IATIVE ?R\< CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,9DE$ AT ! TIME ( ! #aibc ,G5]AL ,ELECTION :5 #h WOM5 ,M4,P4S W]E ELECT$ %E REM>K$3 0,WOM5 CAN NO MORE PUT VIRTUE 9TO ! DECAY+ P>LIAM5T>Y 9/ITUTION ?AN CAN M53 IT IS PA/ RE=M & MU/ DISAPPE>444! WOMAN PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIAN IS NEI!R MORE NOR LESS DESIRABLE ?AN ! MAN PR(ESSIONAL POLITICIAN3 ! LESS ! WORLD HAS ( EI!R ! BETT] IT IS = IT444 ,TO ! WOM51 AS TO M51 ! HOPE ( ! FUTURE LIES NOT ?R\< ,P>LIAM5T>Y RE=M1 BUT FREE ,COMMUNISM & SOVIETS04 

,UN=TUNATELY1 LIKE ,ALDR$1 ,PANKHUR/ WAS A HEAD/RONG & EGOTI/ICAL 9DIVIDUAL4 ,LIKE HIM1 %E (T5 PUT ! N>R[ 9T]E/S ( H] [N GR\P BE=E ?AT ( ! REVOLUTION>Y MOVEM5T AS A :OLE4 ,SO1 %E & ! ,W,S,F REJECT$ A M]G] ) ! ,COMMUNI/ ,LEAGUE BECAUSE ! #b ORGANIZATIONS W]E TOO SIMIL> = ?AT TO BE NECESS>Y6 ,! ,W,S,F !N 9 ,JUNE #aiai TRANS=M$ ITSELF 9TO ! ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY4 ,L59 PUT PRESSURE ON ! ,PANKHUR/ GR\P TO >RANGE TALKS ) O!R GR\PS = A UNITY CONF]5CE1 AT ! SAME TIME FE>+ ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ?AT HAD PRON\NC$ ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y POSITIONS4 ,9 HIS ATTACK ON LEFT & C\NCIL COMMUNI/S ,LEFT ,W+ ,COMMUNISM3 ,AN ,9FANTILE ,DISORD] HE S+L$ \T ,PANKHUR/1 ALONG ) ! ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S ,PANNEKOEK & ,GORT]4 ,ANO!R S+L$ \T WAS ,WILLY ,GALLA<]1 :O HAD LEFT ! ,S,D,F TO JO9 ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P 9 #a#i#a#b4 ,GALLA<]1 AN ADMIR] ( ,BAKUN91 WAS N[ A MEMB] ( ! ,SCOTTI% ,WORK]S ,C\NCIL1 :I* PROMOT$ 'COMMUNES'4 ,9 HIS PAMPLET ,L59 QUOT$ ,GALLA<]3 0,! ,C\NCIL IS DEF9ITELY ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IAN1 & HAS BEH9D IT ! ,LEFT ,W+ ( ! V>I\S POLITICAL BODIES04 ,= HIS /AUN* ANTI-P>LIAM5T>IANISM 7NOT SO /AUN* AS IT TURN$ \T7 ,GALLA<] WAS *OS5 TO REPRES5T ! ,SCOTTI% ,WORK]S ,C\NCILS AT ! SECOND CONGRESS ( ! ,?IRD ,9T]NATIONAL 9 ,MOSC[4 ,GALLA<] PLEAD$ ) ! DELEGATES NOT TO =CE ON ! ,SCOTTI% REVOLUTION>IES3 0RESOLUTIONS :I* !Y >E NOT 9 A POSITION TO DEF5D1 BE+ CONTRADICTORY TO ALL !Y HAVE BE5 /&+ = UNTIL N[40 ,L59 S+L$ ,GALLA<] & HIS ASSOCIATES \T AT ?IS ,CONGRESS1 W9N+ HIM OV] COMPLETELY TO HIS POSITIONS4 ,FROM !N ON ,GALLA<] WAS A LOYAL S]VANT TO ,L5917& !N TO ,/AL97 WORK+ T[>DS ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A ,COMMUNI/ ,P>TY ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 :I* APPE>$ 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#a4 ,! MANEUV]S ( ,L59 & ,GALLA<] W]E %>PLY ATTACK$ BY ,ALDR$ 9 HIS NEW PAP] ! ,SPUR & BY ,PANKHUR/ 9 ! PAP] ( ! REE/ABLI%$ ,W,S,F ! ,WORK]S ,DREADN\<T4 

,PANKHUR/ CONT9U$ ) H] CRITICISMS ( ,L59ISM4 ,9 #aibd %E CONDEMN$ ! NEW RUL]S ( ,RUSSIA AS3 0,PROPHETS ( C5TRALIZ$ EFFICI5CY1 TRU/IFICATION1 ,/ATE CONTROL1& ! DISCIPL9E ( ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! 9T]E/S ( 9CREAS$ PRODUCTION444! ,RUSSIAN WORK]S REMA9 WAGE SLAVES1 & V]Y POOR ONES1 WORK+ NOT FROM FREE WILL1 BUT UND] COMPULSION ( ECONOMIC NE$1 & KEPT 9 !IR SUBORD9ATE POSITION BY ,/ATE CO]CION40 ,! ,W,S,F WAS V]Y CLOSE TO ! POSITIONS ( ! ,DUT* & ,G]MAN C\NCIL COMMUNI/S1 EVOLV+ 9CREAS+LY ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ POSITIONS BY #a#i#b#d1 :5 IT DISAPPE>$4 

,! COLLAPSE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y WAVE ( #a#i#a#g-#b#a1 ! ,BOL%EVISATION ( ! MOVEM5T1 & ! REPRESSION ( #a#i#b#a1 DUR+ :I* TIME ,PANKHUR/ & ,ALDR$ W]E BO? JAIL$ HAD TAK5 ITS TOLL4 ,MANY HAD BE5 WON TO ,BOL%EVIK POSITIONS1 :IL/ MANY O!RS DROPP$ \T 9CLUD+ ,PANKHUR/ H]SELF1 :O 5D$ UP AS A SUPPORT] ( ,EMP]OR ,HAILE ,SELASSIE ( ,E?IOPIA1 ) A BURIAL 9 ,ADDIS ,ABBABA4 

,! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION 

  

,! ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y OPPOSITION TO ,L59'S POSITIONS COALESC$ >\ND ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P & ,ALDR$4 ,IT WAS TO EXPRESS SOLID>ITY ) ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION ?AT ?IS *ANG$ ITS NAME TO ! ,GLASG[ ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P 9 #a#i#b4 ,?IS BECAME ! NUCLEUS ( ! ,ANTI-,P>LIAM5T>Y ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION SET UP 9 ,JANU>Y #a#i#b#a4 

,9 MANY WAYS ! ,A,P,C,F WAS AN UN/ABLE ALLIANCE ( ?OSE :O ACCEPT$ ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ VIEWS & ?OSE :O TOOK A ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/ POSITION4 ,ALDR$ & ,CO4 /ILL KEPT UP ILLUSIONS 9 ! ,RUSSIAN ,REVOLUTION UP TILL #a#i#b#d1 FLIRT+ ) ! NEWLY EM]G5T ,TROTSKYISM = A :ILE & LAUN*+ ATTACKS ON ,AN>*I/ 9DIVIDUALS & GR\PS4 ,AS ONE MEMB] ( ! ,A,P,C,F 9 ,LEICE/] REM>K$ 9 A LETT] TO ! $ITOR ( ,FRE$OM 9 #a#i#b#d1 ,ALDR$ WAS 0RUNN+ ) ,COMMUNISM & HUNT+ ) ,AN>*ISM04 ,ALDR$ ALSO 9SI/$ ON :AT HE CALL$ ! ,S9N ,FE9 TACTIC ( RUNN+ AS AN ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y C&IDATE 9 ! #aibb ,G5]AL ,ELECTION4 ,?IS WAS OPPOS$ 9 ! ,A,P,C,F BY ,H5RY ,S>A1 :O LEFT TO JO9 ! ,PANKHUR/ GR\P1 & ,WILLY ,MC,D\GALL & ,JANE ,PATRICK 4 ,O!R DIFF]5CES W]E OV] ! QUE/ION ( ECONOMIC DET]M9ISM1 ) ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T AS ! MOTOR TO SOCIAL *ANGE1 & OV] ! NE$ = A TRANSITIONAL WORK]S /ATE4 

,! ,A,P,C,F HAD BRAN*ES 9 ,LONDON1 ! ,MIDL&S & ,NOR? ( ,5GL&1 AL?\< ITS BASE WAS PRIM>ILY ,SCOTL&4 ,IT PUBLI%$ ! MON?LY ,! ,COMMUNE FROM #a#i#b#c-#i4 ,! SEE?+ DIFF]5CES OV] ! USE ( ANTI-P>LIAM5T>Y C&IDATES ]UPT$ 9 #aicc :5 ,ALDR$ LEFT OV] !SE DIFF]5CES TO =M ! ,WORK]S ,OP5 ,=UM4 

,ALDR$ CLAIM$ ?AT ! ,A,P,C,F /AGNAT$ AFT] HIS DEP>TURE4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IS NOT TRUE AS ! ACTIVITY ( ! ,A,P,C,F CONT9U$ UNABAT$4 ,FUR!R SPLITS W]E TO COME ) ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION & ,CIVIL ,W>4 ,! ,A,P,C,F UNCRITICALLY SUPPORT$ ! ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I1 ! NOTION ( ANTI-FASCISM ) ITS UNITY AT ALL CO/S MESSAGE1 & ! FALSE IDEAS ( DEMOCRACY V]SUS FASCISM4 ,!Y PUBLI%$1 )\T COMM5T OR CRITICISM1 A /ATEM5T BY ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y1 ONE ( ! *IEF ,AN>*I/ ADVOCATES ( ANTI-FASCI/ UNITY & ,AN>*I/ P>TICIPATION 9 ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T4 ,JANE ,PATRICK WAS ONE ( ! FIR/ TO QUE/ION !SE POSITIONS AFT] H] VISITS TO ,SPA94 ,%E WAS DIS[N$ BY ! ,A,P,C,F1 & W5T (F TO JO9 ,ALDR$'S GR\P1 N[ CALL$ ! ,UNIT$ ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T4 ,! UNCRITICAL ATTITUDE CONT9U$ 9 ! ,A,P,C,F1 ?\< IT PUBLI%$ SEV]AL >TICLES 9 ITS NEW PAP] ,SOLID>ITY 9CLUD+ A /ATEM5T FROM ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI 7SEE ,/ORMY ,PETREL PAMPHLET ON ! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI74 ,A SPLIT TOOK PLACE 9 ! ,A,P,C,F 9 #aicg :5 SOME ,AN>*I/S LEFT 9 #aicg TO SET UP ! ,GLASG[ ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION1 AL?\< ! REASONS = ?IS REMA9 OBSCURE4 ,?IS EVOLV$ 9TO ! ,GLASG[ ,GR\P ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,BRITA91 ACTIVE DUR+ ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W>4 

,! ,A,P,C,F = ITS P>T R$EEM$ ITSELF DUR+ ! ,W> BY ADOPT+ A REVOLUTION>Y DEFEATI/ POSITION1 ) OPPOSITION TO BO? SIDES4 ,H[EV] AS WAS /AT$ 9 ! ,WILDCAT PAMPHLET ON ! ,A,P,C,F3 0444! ,A,P,C,F WAS TOO TOL]ANT 9 ALL[+ VIEWS FUNDAM5TALLY OPPOS$ TO !IR [N TO APPE> UN*ALL5G$ 9 ! PAP]4 ,!SE 9CLUD$ AT V>I\S TIMES1 PACIFISM1 TRADE UNIONISM1 & 'CRITICAL' SUPPORT = ,RUSSIA44404 ,WILDCAT ALSO NOT$ ?AT3 0 ,! ,A,P,C,F ALSO SEEM$ TO SUFF] FROM A LACK ( PROP] ORGANIZATION4 ,IT APPE>$ TO BE CONT5T TO REMA9 A LOCALLY BAS$ GR\P1 ) NO 9T]E/ 9 TRY+ TO =M A NATIONAL OR 9T]NATIONAL ORGANIZATION4 ,IT IS SOMETIMES >GU$ ?AT REVOLUTION>IES %\LD ONLY ORGANIZE 9=MALLY 9 LOCAL GR\PS1 TO AVOID ! DANG]S ASSOCIAT$ ) L>G] ORGANIZATIONS444,!SE DANG]S HAVE TO BE FAC$ UP TO1 NOT RUN AWAY FROM04 ,!SE COMM5TS %\LD BE TAK5 S]I\SLY BY REVOLUTION>IES AT ! PRES5T TIME4 

,! ,A,P,C,F ) ,WILLY ,MC,D\GALL AS ITS LEAD+ LI<T1 TRANS=M$ ITSELF 9TO ! ,WORK]S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,LEAGUE 9 #a#i#d#b1 EV5TUALLY BECOM+ A ,WORK]S ,OP5 ,=UM & CONT9U+ 9TO ! #eS4 

,AS = ,ALDR$ & ,PATRICK1 !IR ,UNIT$ ,SOCIALI/ ,MOVEM5T HAD BECOME A POPULI/ ORGANIZATION1 ESP\S+ ?+S LIKE ,WORLD ,GOV]NM5T & FELL[-TRAVEL+ ) ,RUSSIA AFT] ,/AL9'S DEA?4 ,AS ,NICOLAS ,WALT] SAYS 9 HIS >TICLE 9 ! ,RAV5 ,NO#a41 ,ALDR$ WAS AN3 0EXTRAORD9>ILY C\RAGE\S BUT ESS5TIALLY SOLIT>Y MAN :OSE VANITY & ODDITY PREV5T$ HIM FROM TAK+ ! P>T :I* HIS ABILITY & 5]GY SEEM$ TO CREATE = HIM 9 ! REVOLUTION>Y SOCIALI/ MOVEM5T04 ,LIKE ,PANKHUR/1 ,ALDR$'S EGOTISM CONTRIBUT$ T[>DS H9D]+ ! DEVELOPM5T ( A LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 AS DID ! DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/S & ,C\NCIL ,COMMUNI/S :I* W]E AT FIR/ SWEPT UND] ! C>PET & !N TOTALLY POL>IZ$ ) NO ATTEMPT TO WORK \T A PRACTICAL SYN!SIS4 

,DESPITE ALL ?IS1 ! CONTRIBUTIONS ( !SE GR\PS & 9DIVIDUALS W]E IMPORTANT4 ,!Y C\RAGE\SLY PURSU$ REVOLUTION>Y POLITICS AT A TIME ( GREAT ISOLATION4 ,!Y MU/ BE RECOGNIZ$ AS ! =EBE>S ( PRES5T DAY LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ?IS C\NTRY4 

,P,>,T #c ,P,O,/ ,W,> ,L,I,B,],T,>,I,A,N ,C,O,M,M,U,N,I,S,M 

  

,A SPECIFIC LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ CURR5T DID NOT REEM]GE 9 ,BRITA9 UNTIL ! SIXTIES & SEV5TIES4 ,AN>*O-SYNDICALISM WAS TO BE ! DOM9ANT CURR5T )9 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T1 ALONGSIDE ! NEWLY EM]G+ 'LIB]AL' AN>*ISM ?AT WAS DEVELOP+ ?R\< ! LIKES ( PEOPLE LIKE ,GEORGE ,WOODCOCK4 ,9 ONE P>T1 ?IS WAS A RESPONSE TO ! MAJOR DEFEATS ( BO? REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*ISM & ! WORK+ CLASS MOVEM5T AS A :OLE1 9 ANO!R P>T IT WAS AN UNCRITICAL ADAPTATION TO ! RISE ( ! ANTI-W> MOVEM5T 7,COMMITTEE ( #a & ,CAMPAIGN = ,NUCLE> ,DIS>MAM5T74 ,IT WAS 1 ( C\RSE1 CORRECT = ,AN>*I/S TO AIM !IR PROPAG&A AT MASS MOVEM5TS1 PUTT+ A REVOLUTION>Y CASE AGA9/ CAPITALISM & ! ,/ATE AS ! ROOT CAUSES ( W>4 ,:AT WAS LACK+1 H[EV] WAS A !ORETICAL /R5G? ?AT ALL[$ = ! RECRUIT+ ( ACTIVI/S FROM ,C#a & ,C,N,D ?AT F\<T AGA9/ ! DILUTION ( IDEAS & TRANS=M$ !SE ACTIVI/S 9TO FULLY-FL$G$ REVOLUTION>IES4 ,?IS WAS NOT ! CASE1 H[EV]1 & ! REVOLUTION>Y CORE ( ,AN>*ISM1 ALREADY DEEPLY EFFECT$ BY ! ]RONE\S IDEAS ( ! ,SYN!SIS AS DEVIS$ BY ,VOL9E & ,FAURE 7:I* S\<T A FUSION BETWE5 9DIVIDUALISM1 SYNDICALISM & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM )9 ! SAME ORGANIZATION7 WAS FUR!R DILUT$ 9 ,BRITA94,! DEVELOPM5T ( ! HIPPIE & ALT]NATIVE CULTURE MOVEM5TS W]E TO FUR!R DILUTE & CONFUSE ! MOVEM5T1 AS ONCE AGA9 ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T %[$ ITSELF WANT+ 9 WAYS ( RELAT+ TO !SE MOVEM5TS ON A REVOLUTION>Y BASIS )\T SURR5D]+ TO PACIFISM & M>G9ALIZATION4 

,SOLID>ITY 

  

,ONE HEAL?Y DEVELOPM5T WAS ! GR\P ( ACTIVI/S :O HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,TROTSKYI/ ,SOCIALI/ ,LABOR ,LEAGUE ( ,G]RY ,HEALY 9 #a#i#e#i1 MANY ( :OM HAD S]V$ ON ITS ,C5TRAL ,COMMITTEE4 ,REVOLT$ BY ! AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ,HEALYISM1 ?IS GR\P BEGAN TO DEVELOP LIB]T>IAN SOCIALI/ IDEAS1 CONT9U+ TO BASE !MSELVES ON CLASS /RUGGLE & CLASS ANALYSIS4 ,!Y BEGAN TO $IT A J\RNAL1 ,SOLID>ITY1 FROM ,OCTOB] #a#i#f1 AS WELL AS A FLURRY ( PAMPHLETS1 AT FIR/ ON A MON?LY BASIS6 ,!Y DEVELOP$ TR5*ANT ANALYZES ( ! 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLE AS WELL AS ! PEACE MOVEM5T1 & !IR ANALYSIS ( ! UNIONS WAS A HUGE /EP =W>D1 AS WAS !IR REJECTION ( SYNDICALISM4 ,AS TIME PROGRESS$ ,SOLID>ITY BEGAN TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES MORE & MORE AS LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/S4 ,H[EV]1 !Y HAD DEVELOP$ A DI/RU/ ( ORGANIZATION AS SU* AS A RESULT ( !IR EXP]I5CES ( ,HEALYISM4 ,!IR UNFLAGG+ PUBLI%+ PROGRAM & !IR P]CEPTIVE ANALYZES HAD GA9$ A GREAT DEAL ( RESPECT AMONG MANY ACTIVI/S4 ,!IR WILLFUL FAILURE TO TRANSLATE ?IS 9TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION WAS A DISA/]1 AS ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM 7! PRECURSOR ( ! ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]S ,P>TY7 WAS ABLE TO BUILD ON ?IS T]RITORY AB&ON$ BY ,SOLID>ITY 7& BY ! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,BRITA974 ,!Y FAIL$ TO 5GAGE AS FULLY ) ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS MU* AS !Y C\LD HAVE1 AS !IR CONTRIBUTIONS AT MEET+S & CONF]5CES C\LD HAVE CONSID]ABLY /R5G!N$ ! CLASS /RUGGLE CURR5T )9 IT4 ,F9ALLY1 !RE WAS !IR USE ( ! AMBIGU\S T]M SELF-MANAGEM5T 7:I* C\LD BE OP5 TO A NUMB] ( 9T]PRETATIONS1 9CLUD+ ONE 9VOLV+ A M>KET SOCIETY7 & !IR ASS]TION ?AT ! MA9 DIFF]5CES 9 SOCIETY W]E NOT SO MU* BETWE5 CLASSES AS BETWE5 ORD]-GIV]S & ORD]-TAK]S4 ,9 ! 5D ! CONT5TS ( ! MAGAZ9E BECAME LESS & LESS DI/+UI%ABLE FROM ! CONT5TS ( ,FRE$OM1 )1 = EXAMPLE1 LONG >TICLES ON ,G&HI4 ,SOLID>ITY MAGAZ9E /OPP$ APPE>+ 9 ! E>LY #iS & ! GR\P IS TO ALL 9T5TS & PURPOSES1 DEAD4-FAIL+ TO LIVE UP TO ITS PROMISES ( ! #fS4 

,! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/S 7,O,R,A7 

  

,! ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ( ,BRITA9 7,A,F,B7 HAD SL[LY EM]G$ 9 ! AFT]MA? ( ! POLITICAL DEAD-5D & DECL9E ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( #a & ! GR[+ NEW RADICALISM ( !#a#i#fS1 ) ITS F\ND+ CONF]5CE 9 ,BRI/OL 9 #a#i#f#c4 ,!RE WAS AN IMPRESSIVE LI/ ( GR\P & 9DIVIDUAL CONTACTS FEATUR$ 9 ,FRE$OM4 ,NATIONAL CONF]5CES BEGAN TO BE ORGANIZ$ ?AT W]E WELL ATT5D$4 ,ON ! FACE ( IT ?+S LOOK$ V]Y GOOD 9DE$1 ) ! POT5TIAL = AN ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T TO GR[ & ONCE AGA9 HAVE SOME 9FLU5CE AS ! PRE-,W,W#a MOVEM5T HAD4 ,9 REALITY ?+S W]E F> FROM ROSY4 ,ANYONE C\LD ATT5D CONF]5CES1 (T5 TO MAKE CONTRIBUTIONS & !N NEV] TO BE SE5 AGA94 ,!RE WAS NO /RUCTURE ( DECISION-MAK+1 & !RE=E NO DECISIONS MADE AT CONF]5CE4 ,!RE WAS NO PAP] CONTROLL$ BY ! ,A,F,B1 & (T5 GR\PS LOOSELY AFFILIAT$ )9 IT CONTA9$ ALL SORTS ( 'AN>*I/S' FROM 9DIVIDUALI/S1 PACIFI/S & GRADUALI/S1 LIFE/YLI/S & AGR>IAN COMMUN>DS1 ?R\< TO SYNDICALI/S & AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S4 ,NO CLE> ANALYSIS C\LD BE DEVELOP$ BECAUSE ( ! HUGE >RAY ( DIFF]+ & OPPOS+ IDEAS4 ,9DE$ ! ,A,F,B ONLY HAD AN 9T]NAL BULLET9 FROM LATE #a#i#f#i4 

,! ,A,F,B WAS UNABLE TO RESPOND TO ! HUGE POT5TIAL (F]$ TO IT1 & BEGAN TO DRIFT4 ,9DE$ !RE WAS A MASSIVE EXODUS ( ACTIVI/S TO ,9T]NATIONAL ,SOCIALISM 7,I,S7 & ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,M>XI/ ,GR\P 7,I,M,G74 ,A GR\P EM]G$ 9 ! ,A,F,B >\ND ,KEI? ,NA?AN & ,RO ,ATK9S 1 ! =M] :O HAD BE5 A DRIV+ =CE 9 ! V]Y ACTIVE ,H>L[ ,AN>*I/ ,GR\P4 ,?IS GR\P PRODUC$ A DOCUM5T CALL$ ,T[>DS A ,HI/ORY & ,CRITIQUE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,MOVEM5T 9 ,MOD]N ,TIMES AS A DISCUSSION PAP] = A CONF]5CE ( ,NOR!RN ,AN>*I/S 9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#g4 ,MILITANTS 9 ,LANCA/] & ,SWANSEA 79CLUD+ ,IAN ,BONE1 ! FUTURE F\ND] ( ,CLASS ,W>7 ALSO HAD CRITICICISMS ( ! ,A,F,B4 0 ,! PEOPLE 9 ,SWANSEA DROPP$ \T ( ! FRAY AFT] !IR OP5 LETT] WAS PUBLI%$1 BUT !IR ACTION HAD 5C\RAG$ PEOPLE 9 ,LANCA/]1 ,LE$S1 ,MAN*E/] & ,YORK TO PUT A MOTION TO TO ! ,A,F,B ?AT IT CALL A 'REORGANIZATION CONF]5CE' TO DISCUSS ! CRITICISMS RAIS$0 7FROM ,! ,NEWSLETT]1 BULLET9 ( ! ,O,R,A ,MAY #a#i#g#a74 ,! ,CRITIQUE & A JO9T /ATEM5T PRODUC$ BY ALL ! CRITICS WAS TAK5 FROM ! CONF]5CE TO ! ,A,F,B CONF]5CE 9 ,LIV]POOL ! SAME MON?4 ,IT %\LD BE PO9T$ \T ?AT ?IS CRITICAL CURR5T WAS MADE UP ( BO? AN>*I/ COMMUNI/S & AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S AS WELL AS ?OSE :O HAD NO SPECIFIC ID5TIFICATION O!R ?AN ,AN>*I/4 

,! ,CRITIQUE WAS A TR5*ANT & DEEPLY HONE/ DOCUM5T4 ,IT IS WOR? QUOT+ AT L5G? ON ! /ATE ( ! ,AN>*I/ MOVEM5T3 0 ! OMISION ( AN ATTEMPT TO L9K PRES5T %ORT T]M ACTION ) ! TOTALITY ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY & ) ! TOTALITY ( ! FUTURE ALT]NATIVE SOCIETY1 MEANS ?AT :5 ! %ORT T]M ISSUE DIES1 AS IT WILL1 !N SO DOES ! CONSCI\SNESS CREAT$ BY ?IS %ORT T]M ACTION44444BITT] P]SONAL DISPUTES BAS$ UPON SPURI\SLY ADVANC$ POSITIONS2 BATTLES = ! S\L ( ! REVOLUTION _/ MOVEM5T _/ ,9DIVIDUAL _/ REIFI$ ANY?+1 F\<T 9 REAMS ( PAP] ATTACK+ & DEF5D+ POSITIONS LONG S9CE OV]RUN BY TIME4 ,?IS IS \R '!ORY'4 ,USUALLY IT TOTALLY REPLACES EV5 ! PRET5SE ( ACTIVITY04 

,G+] 

  

,FOLL[+ ON FROM ! ,LIV]POOL ,CONF]5CE ! GR\P 9 ,YORK DECID$ TO SET UP ! ,ORGANIZATION ( ,REVOLUTION>Y ,AN>*I/S TO ACT AS A G+] GR\P )9 ! ,A,F,B4 ,! ATT5TION AT ?IS TIME WAS NOT TO LEAVE ! ,A,F,B4 ,IT WANT$ ! ,A,F,B TO OP5 ITS DOORS TO O!R LIB]T>IAN T5D5CIES E4G4 ,SOLID>ITY4 0444,! ,O,R,A PEOPLE DO NOT WANT TO =M ANO!R SECT-WE SEE \R ROLE AS ACT+ )9 & ON ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T 9 G5]AL1 AS WELL AS 9ITIAT+ \R [N WORK444WE HOPE IT CAN ACT AS A L9K & A CATALY/ NOT ONLY = ,O,R,A & ! ,A,F,B BUT ALSO TO ALL LIB]T>IANS04 7,O,R,A ,NEWSLETT] SEE ABOVE74 

,O,R,A'S OBJECTIONS TO ! TRADITIONAL AN>*I/ MOVEM5T !N1 W]E MORE ON ! LEVEL ( ORGANIZATION ?AN ( !ORY4 ,!IR ADVOCACY ( COLLECTIVE RESPONSIBILITY1 ! USE ( A ,*AIR & VOT+ TO TAKE DECISIONS AT MEET+S1 =MAL MEMB]%IP & A PAP] UND] ! CONTROL ( ITS 0WRIT]S1 SELL]S & READ]S0 :ILE W>MLY GREET$ 9 SOME QU>T]S = EXAMPLE ! ,MAY #aiga ,SCOTTI% ,AN>*I/ ,F$]ATION ,CONF]5CE WAS VICI\SLY ATTACK$ BY O!RS4 

,BUT ! ,O,R,A ITSELF WAS A HOT*-POT* 9CLUD+ ALL SORTS ( AN>*I/S1 9CLUD+ SYNDICALI/S & ?OSE :O >GU$ = A PACIFI/ /RATEGY4 ,:5 ! ,O,R,A DECID$ TO BR+ \T A MON?LY PAP]1 ,LIB]T>IAN ,/RUGGLE1 9 ,FEBRU>Y #a#i#g#c1 IT PROV$ TO BE A =C+ H\SE = ! DEVELOPM5T ( ! GR\P1 & !SE ELEM5TS FELL AWAY4 ,ALSO SIGNIFICANT W]E CONTACTS ) ! ,ORGANIZATION ,REVOLUTIONNAIRE ,AN>*I/E 9 ,FRANCE :I* HAD DEVELOP$ ALONG SIMIL> L9ES )9 ! ,F$]ATION ,AN>*I/E4 ,?R\< ! ,FR5* ,O,R,A ! ,BRITI% DISCOV]$ ! PAMPHLET ! ,ORGANIZATIONAL ,PLAT=M ( ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/S :I* HAD BE5 WRITT5 BY A GR\P ( ,RUSSIAN & ,UKRA9IAN ,AN>*I/S1 9CLUD+ ,NE/OR ,MAKHNO & ,PIOTR ,>%9OV4 ,?IS >GU$ = A SPECIFIC AN>*I/ COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION1 & IDEOLOGICAL & TACTICAL UNITY4 

,! ,O,R,A PRODUC$ A NUMB] ( PAMPHLETS & A REGUL> MON?LY PAP]4 ,AT FIR/ ?IS WAS LACK+ 9 !ORETICAL CONT5T1 9 ! MA9 CONSI/+ ( %ORT FACTUAL >TICLES ON V>I\S /RUGGLES4 ,QUITE CORRECTLY1 ,LIB]T>IAN ,/RUGGLE GAVE EXT5SIVE COV]AGE TO BO? 9DU/RIAL /RUGGLES & /RUGGLES \TSIDE ! WORKPLACE1 9CLUD+ T5ANTS /RUGGLES1 SQUATT+1 WOM5S LIB]ATION & GAY LIB]ATION4 ,BY ISSUE #h A GREAT] ANALYTICAL & !ORETICAL CONT5T EM]G$4 ,= EXAMPLE 9 AN >TICLE ON ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #aicf 9 ,LIB]T>IAN ,/RUGGLE #aigc WE CAN READ AB\T3 0,! FAILURE ( ! AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S :O MAKE A F> TOO READY ID5TIFICATION ( !IR UNION ) ! WORK+ CLASS AS A :OLE4 ,! WAY =W>D 9 A REVOLUTION>Y SITUATION IS ! RAPID BUILD+ ( WORK]S C\NCILS444UNION COMMITTEES >E NO SUB/ITUTE = DIRECT WORK]S P[]04 ,!SE AN>*I/-COMMUNI/ CRITICISMS ( AN>*O-SYNDICALISM W]E TO BE FUR!R DEVELOP$ )9 ! LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ MOVEM5T OV] ! YE>S4 

,SIMIL>LY1 ! ANALYSIS ( ,LABOR WAS TO BE A CONSI/5T FEATURE ( ,BRITI% AN>*I/-COMMUNISM OV] ! FOLL[+ YE>S4 ,= EXAMPLE WE CAN READ 9 ,LIB]T>IAN ,/RUGGLE ,NOVEMB] #a#i#g#c3 0,ONLY BY C>EFULLY EXPLA9+ & EXPOS+ ! ROLE ( ! ,LABOR ,P>TY TO ! WORK+ CLASS CAN ANY PROGRESS BE MADE TO BUILD+ A REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ ALT]NATIVE444,IT CANNOT BE DONE BY FIR/ 9SI/+ WE VOTE ,LABOR04 ,! ,LABOR ,P>TY WAS DEF9$ AS A B\RGEOIS P>TY4 

,ON ! UNIONS1 H[EV]1 ! ,O,R,A WAS NOT SO CLE>4 ,! CRITICISMS ( ! UNION BUREAUCRACIES W]E CLE> 5\<1 & ?IS 9CLUD$ ! 'LEFT' ,N,U,M LEAD]%IP4 ,ALSO CLE> WAS ! CALL TO CREATE WORK]S ACTION COMMITTEES LEAD+ TO ! E/ABLI%M5T ( WORK]S C\NCILS4 ,H[EV] ?IS WAS MIX$ UP ) CALLS TO DEMOCRATIZE ! UNIONS767 & TO DEMOCRATIZE ! V>I\S ,RANK & ,FILES 7ALL ( :I* W]E ,I,S FRONTS74 

,/&/ILL 

  

,! EV5TS ( #a#i#g#d1 ! ,M9]S ,/RIKE & ! #c-,DAY WEEK1 L$ MANY TO ?9K 7FALSELY7 ?AT REVOLUTION WAS JU/ >\ND ! CORN]4 ,?IS L$ TO ! =MATION ( ! ,LEFT ,T5D5CY 9SIDE ! ,O,R,A4 ,!Y CONCLUD$ ?AT IT WAS 9 ! NATURE ( AN>*ISM ?AT ! ATTEMPTS TO =M A NATIONAL ORGANIZATION W]E B\ND TO FAIL1 & TURN$ TO ,TROTSKYISM4 ,MO/ ( ?IS GR\P 5D$ UP 9 ! HORRIFIC AU?ORIT>IAN ,HEALEYITE \TFIT1 ! ,WORK]S ,REVOLUTION>Y ,P>TY 7,W,R,P71 :IL/ O!RS JO9$ ,I,S4 ,NA?AN HIMSELF1 :IL/ NOT A SUPPORT] ( ! ,LEFT ,T5D5CY1 ALSO LEFT AT ?IS TIME TO JO9 ! ,W,R,P4 

,! ,LEFT ,T5D5CY HAD CALL$ = AN ELECT$ ,$ITORIAL ,BO>D RA!R ?AN A PAP] $IT$ 9 ROTATION BY EA* GR\P & = A 0MORE COH]5T POSITION ON ,IREL&0 AMONG O!R ?+S4 ,! ORGANIZATION CAME TO A VIRTUAL /&/ILL1 AS !SE MEMB]S HAD BE5 AMONG ! MO/ ACTIVE1 & MANY O!RS1 :O W]E NOT PREP>$ TO TAKE ON ! WORKLOAD1 DROPP$ \T4 ,AMONG ?OSE :O REMA9$1 SOME TOOK ! 9ITIATIVE TO REVIVE ! ORGANIZATION4 ,A LIMIT$ $ITION 7#a7 ,LIB]T>IAN ,/RUGGLE WAS PUT \T 9 ,NOVEMB] #aigd & SOLD \T 9 #a DAYS4 ,!RE FOLL[$ A P]IOD ( RECRUITM5T & CONSOLIDATION1 UNTIL ,MAY #aige :5 ! PAP] BEGAN TO APPE> AGA9 ON A REGUL> MON?LY BASIS4 

,! ,AN>*I/ ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION 

  

,AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aige ,O,R,A *ANG$ ITS NAME TO ! ,AN>*I/ ,WORK]S ,ASSOCIATION1 :I* IT WAS FELT IMPLI$ MORE ( A CLASS COMMITTM5T1 AL?\< O!RS CRITICIZ$ ?IS *ANGE AS A MI/AKE1 IMPLY+ WORK]ISM1 & A TOO N>R[ OBSESSION ) ! WORKPLACE4 ,IT WAS TRUE ?AT MO/ ( ! MEMB]%IP 9 ?IS P]IOD W]E HEAVILY 9VOLV$ 9 WORKPLACE ACTIVITY4 

,BY #aigf ! ,A,W,A HAD #e MEMB]S1 MO/ ( !M ACTIVE1 ) #c GR\PS 9 ,LONDON1 GR\PS 9 ,OX=D1 ,YORK%IRE1 ,LEICE/]1 & ,SCOTL&4 ,! PAP] N[ CALL$ ITSELF ,AN>*I/ ,WORK]1 WAS A REGUL> MON?LY ) SALES ( #a#e-#b1 MO/LY /REET SALES4 ,IT WAS TO SOME EXT5T 'A LIB]T>IAN V]SION ( ,SOCIALI/ ,WORK]' BUT ! COV]AGE WAS WID]1 = EXAMPLE COV]+ ! /RUGGLES ( CLAIMANTS & SQUATT]S & PROVOCATIVELY QUE/ION+ ! WORK E?IC4 

,! ORGANIZATION W5T ?R\< A VICI\S SPLIT BETWE5 ,SPR+ #aigf & ,SPR+ #a#i#g#g4 ,! ,T[>DS A ,PROGRAM 7,T,A,P7 ,T5D5CY WAS F\ND$ PRIM>ILY TO *ANGE ! #aigf ,CONF]5CE DECISION ON ,IREL&1 :]E ! MAJORITY1 HAD >GU$ = AN AB/5TIONI/1 ANTI-,REPUBLICAN POSITION ON IREL&1 & ?AT 0,TROOPS ,\T0 WAS ONLY MEAN+FUL IF !Y )DREW ?R\< UNIT$ CLASS ACTION4 ,! ,T,A,P KEPT TO ! CLASSIC ',TROOPS ,\T' =MULA AS WELL AS ! LEFTI/ 0,SELF-DET]M9ATION = ! ,IRI% PEOPLE AS A :OLE04 ,! ,T,A,P ALSO >GU$ = A LESS 0ULTRA-LEFT 0 POSITION ON ! UNIONS ?AT IS = 0DEMOCRATIZATION ( ! UNIONS01 0EXT5D UNIONIZATION0 ETC4 ,?IS T5D5CY 9CLUD$ ,NA?AN :O HAD RETURN$ TO ! FOLD4 

,! ,A,W,A DID NOT HAVE A TRADITION ( POLITICAL DEBATE4 ,MU* ( ! DEBATE !RE WAS WAS CONDUCT$ AT A PU]ILE LEVEL4 ,! ,T,A,P T5D5CY ACCUS$ !IR OPPON5TS ( 0TRADITIONAL AN>*ISM0 & WI%+ TO 0LEAD ! ,A,W,A BACK TO ! DAYS ( ! ,A,F,B0 :IL/ ! ,T,A,P T5D5CY WAS ACCUS$ BY ITS OPPON5TS ( 0,TROTSKYISM04 ,! DEBATE WAS CL\D$ BY CONTROV]SY OV] ! ISSUE ( ABORTION ) A LEAD+ OPPON5T ( ! ,T,A,P T5D5CY TAK+ AN ANTI-ABORTION POSITION41 AS WELL AS SOME ( ! OPPON5TS ( ,T,A,P 7?\< ONLY A SMALL M9ORITY7 TAK+ 9CREAS+LY ANTI-ORGANIZATIONAL POSITIONS4 

,DISGU/ 

  

,EV5TUALLY AT A CONF]5CE 9 ,MAY #a#i#g#g1 ON A MOTION SPRUNG FROM ! FLOOR EXPULSIONS AGA9/ ! OPPOSITION TO ! ,T,A,P T5D5CY WAS C>RI$ BY #b VOTES1 ) NO PRIOR NOTICE OR DISCUSSION AT PREVI\S MEET+S OR 9 ! ,9T]NAL ,BULLET94 ,O!RS LEFT ! ORGANIZATION 9 DISGU/ AT !SE MANEUV]S4 

,! EXPELL$ COMRADES COMMITT$ TO ORGANIZATIONAL POLITICS REGR\P$ UND] ! TITLE ',PROVISIONAL ,A,W,A' :I* !N *ANG$ ITS NAME TO ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,ASSOCIATION1 PRODUC+ A PAP] ,BREAD & ,ROSES & AN 9TRODUCTORY PAMPHLET TO ! ,A,C,A4 ,! 9T]NAL DISPUTES HAD PROV$ DEBILITAT+1 H[EV]1 & ! ,A,C,A DISAPPE>$ 9 #a#i#h4 ,! ,A,C,A HAD ATTEMPT$ TO C>RY ON SOME ( ! BETT] TRADITIONS ( ,O,R,A_/,A,W,A 

,AS = ! ,T,A,P T5D5CY & ?OSE O!RS :O REMA9$ 9 ! ,A,W,A1 ! COM+ P]IOD WAS TO BE ONE ( COMPLETE CAPITULATION TO LEFTISM4 ,! NAME ( ! ORGANIZATION WAS *ANG$ TO ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,COMMUNI/ ,GR\P1 !RE W]E DEFECTIONS TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,M>XI/ ,GR\P1 & !N ! ,L,C,G ANN\NC$ ?AT IT HAD MOV$ FROM CLASS /RUGGLE AN>*ISM TO A 0LIB]T>IAN1 CRITICAL1 ,M>XISM04 ,! ,L,C,G BACK$ 0,UNIT$ ,FRONT ,WORK0 :I* 9 PRACTICE MEANT WORK+ 9 ! ,SOCIALI/ ,TEA*]S ,ALLIANCE1 & ! ,SOCIALI/ ,/UD5T ,ALLIANCE1 FRONTS DOM9AT$ BY ! ,I,M,G4 ,?IS ,UNIT$ ,FRONT WORK :I* 9 PRACTICE MEANT COLLABORATION ) LEFTI/ POLITICAL =MATIONS1 L$ TO ! ,L,C,G COMMITT+ ONE ( !IR MO/ HE9\S ]RORS-5T]+ AN ELECTORAL FRONT SET UP BY ,I,M,G CALL$ ,SOCIALI/ ,UNITY 7,S,U7 & BACK$ BY O!R GR\PS LIKE ,BIG ,FLAME4 ,SOCIALI/ ,UNITY PUT UP C&IDATES :]E IT FELT !Y HAD ! /R5G?1 & ADVANC$ ! SLOGAN 0,VOTE ,LABOR ,BUT ,BUILD A ,SOCIALI/ ,ALT]NATIVE0 :]E IT DID NOT4 ,! ,L,C,G WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE 0CRITICALLY0 SUPPORT+ ,S,U1 BUT FAIL$ TO MAKE ANY S]I\S CRITICISMS ( ?IS SUPPORT = ,LABOR4 ,! ,S,W,P = !IR P>T1 PEEV$ BY ! ,S,U RUNN+ C&IDATES1 & P]CEIV+ ?IS AS A ?REAT1 DECID$ TO /& !IR [N C&IDATES 4 ,! ,L,C,G 5DORS$ !SE C&IDATES AS WELL1 COMPLETELY =GETT+ ALL ! CRITICISMS IT HAD MADE ( ELECTORALISM & ( ! NATURE ( ! ,L59I/ GR\PS4 ,F9ALLY1 AFT] ! ,I,M,G1 9 !IR USUAL FA%ION1 GOT BOR$ ) ,S,U AS A WAY ( RECRUIT+1 IT WAS W\ND UP4 ,! ,L,C,G FAIL$ TO DELIV] ANY PO/MORTEM ON ?IS4 

,! 5D WAS SOON TO COME4 ,! ,L,C,G COMP\ND$ !SE ]RORS BY SUPPORT+ A SLATE RUN BY AN ANTI-CUTS GR\P CALL$ ,RESI/ANCE 7,KEI? ,NA?AN & FRI5DS7 = C\NCIL ELECTIONS 9 ,LE$S4 

,REL9QUI%$ 

  

,! ,L,C,G MOV$ = FUSION ) ! 0LIB]T>IAN ,M>XI/0 GR\P ,BIG ,FLAME 9 #a#i#h4 ,?IS ORGANIZATION HAD BE5 PREVI\SLY DESCRIB$ 9 ,AN>*I/ ,WORK] AS 0S*IZOPHR5IC LIB]T>IANS_/,L59I/S03 0,BIG ,FLAME LEADS 9 UNCRITICAL COPY+ ( ,LOTTA ,CONT9UA 9 ,ITALY1 FROM !IR SPONTANEISM TO S(TNESS ON ,/AL9ISM04 ,= ITS P>T ,BIG ,FLAME WAS UNABLE TO )/& ! 9/ABILITIES ( ITS POLITICS4 ,! 'LEFT' 0VICTORY0 OR*E/RAT$ BY ,TONY ,B5N 9 ! ,LABOR ,P>TY RESULT$ 9 ! COLLAPSE ( ,BIG ,FLAME AS MO/ ( ITS MEMB]S DECID$ TO 5T] ! ,LABOR ,P>TY1 :]E !Y EV5TUALLY W\ND UP AS APOLOGI/S = ,K9NOCK4 ,! ,L,C,G HAD >GU$ ?AT !Y W]E 0TOO SMALL TO GIVE US AN ACCEPTABLE =UM = POLITICAL DISCUSSION0 & ?AT !RE W]E 0NO S]I\S POLITICAL DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! TWO ORGANIZATIONS04 ,! ,L,C,G HAD REL9QUI%$ ANY IDEA ( CON/RUCT+ A SPECIFIC LIB]T>IAN COMMUNI/ ORGANIZATION AS WELL AS ANY S]I\S POLITICAL ANALYSIS4 ,BUT 9 ANY CASE1 ! POLITICS ( ! ,L,C,G HAD TRANS=M$ SO MU* ?AT !RE REALLY WAS LITTLE DIFF]5CE BETWE5 !IR LEFTISM & ?AT ( ,BIG ,FLAME4 

,C,O,N,C,L,U,S,I,O,N 

  

,?IS HI/ORY ( ! ,O,R,A_/,A,W,A_/,L,C,G ) ITS HI/ORY ( SPLITS1 DEFECTIONS & GROSS POLITICAL ]RORS IS F> FROM 9SPIR+4 ,BUT !SE DEVELOPM5TS1 SOMETIMES AS UN$IFY+ AS !Y W]E1 SIGNALS ! FIR/ ATTEMPTS ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM TO REEM]GE 9 ! PO/-,WORLD ,W> ,I,I P]IOD4 ,!SE ATTEMPTS TO REEM]GE W]E AS ONE MEMB] ( ! ,A,C,F NOT$ 9 #aiia B\ND TO BE EFFECT$ BY ! 0PRES5T COMP>ITIVELY WEAK /ATE ( AN>*I/ COMMUNISM04 ,TWO 0MAGNETIC POLES ( ATTRACTION0 W\LD BE AT WORK1 HE W5T ON TO SAY4 ,ONE W\LD BE ,L59ISM1 :I* W\LD EX]T ITS 9FLU5CE ?R\< COMRADES MOV+ PHYSICALLY & IDEOLOGICALLY OV] TO ,L59I/ \TFITS1 OR ADOPT+ ,L59I/ /YLE POLITICS :I/ /ILL PR(ESS+ TO BE )9 ! REVOLUTION>Y AN>*I/ MOVEM5T AS HAPP5$ ) ! ,L,C,G1 & LAT] ) ! ,AN>*I/ ,WORK]S ,GR\P4 

,! O!R POLE ( ATTRACTION W\LD 9VOLVE COMRADES COMMITT+ SOME ( ! ]RORS ASSOCIAT$ ) P>TS ( ! LEFT COMMUNI/ MILIEU-SPONTANEISM1 REFUSAL TO CON/RUCT A REVOLUTION>Y ORGANIZATION1 & :]E !ORETICAL ELABORATION WAS DIVORC$ FROM EFFECTIVE PRACTICE & 9T]V5TION1 & SEEM$ TO 9VOLVE F9D+ AS MANY DIFF]5CES AS POSSIBLE BETWE5 COMRADES4 

,! APPE>ANCE ( ! ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ ,F$]ATION M>K$ A DRAMATIC MOVE =W>D1 A SIGNIFICANT DEVELOPM5T 9 BO? ! /R5G!N+ & ELABORATION ( ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNI/ !ORY1 AS WELL AS AN ONGO+ PRACTICE4 ,9 A SEP>ATE >TICLE ON ! FIR/ T5 YE>S ( ! ,A,C,F WE WILL CONSID] !SE CONTRIBUTIONS4 

7,S\RCE3 ,RETRIEV$ ON ,MAY #g1 #bf FROM WEB4>*IVE4ORG47 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,JANU>Y #a#f1 #bbb 3 ,AN>*I/ ,COMMUNISM 9 ,BRITA9 -- ,ADD$4 

 FILE G5]AT$ FROM 3  
HTTP3_/_/REVOLTLIB4COM_/