,BOOK #e1 ,*APT] #d 
,( A ,VIRTU\S ,DESPOTISM 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,B,O,O,K ,V 

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,SUPPOS$ EXCELL5CE ( ?IS =M ( GOV]NM5T CONTROV]T$ -- FROM ! N>R[NESS ( HUMAN P[]S4 -- ,CASE ( A VICI\S ADM9I/RATION -- ( A VIRTU\S ADM9I/RATION 9T5D$ TO BE =M$4 -- ,MON>*Y NOT ADAPT$ TO ! GOV]NM5T ( L>GE /ATES4 

,!RE IS A PR9CIPLE1 FREQU5TLY MA9TA9$ UPON ?IS SUBJECT#a1 :I* IS 5TITL$ TO IMP>TIAL CONSID]ATION4 ,IT IS GRANT$1 BY ?OSE :O ESP\SE IT1 0?AT ABSOLUTE MON>*Y1 FROM ! IMP]FECTION ( ?OSE BY :OM IT IS ADM9I/]$1 IS1 = ! MO/ P>T1 PRODUCTIVE ( EVIL20 BUT !Y ASS]T1 0?AT IT IS ! BE/ & MO/ DESIRABLE ( ALL =MS UND] A GOOD & VIRTU\S PR9CE4 ,IT IS EXPOS$10 SAY !Y1 0TO ! FATE ( ALL EXCELL5T NATURES1 &1 FROM ! BE/ ?+1 FREQU5TLY1 IF CORRUPT$1 BECOMES ! WOR/40 ,?IS REM>K IS C]TA9LY NOT V]Y DECISIVE ( ! G5]AL QUE/ION1 SO LONG AS ANY WEI<T %ALL BE ATTRIBUT$ TO ! >GUM5TS :I* HAVE BE5 ADDUC$ TO EV9CE :AT SORT ( *>ACT] & DISPOSITION MAY BE ORD9>ILY EXPECT$ 9 PR9CES4 ,IT MAY H[EV] BE ALL[$1 IF TRUE1 TO CREATE 9 ! M9D ( A SORT ( P>TIAL RETROSPECT TO ?IS HAPPY & P]FECT DESPOTISM2 &1 IF IT CAN BE %[N TO BE FALSE1 IT WILL R5D] ! >GUM5T = ! ABOLITION ( MON>*Y1 SO F> AS IT IS CONC]N$1 MORE 5TIRE & COMPLETE4 

 ,N[1 :ATEV] DISPOSITIONS ANY MAN MAY POSSESS 9 FAVOR ( ! WELF>E ( O!RS1 TWO ?+S >E NECESS>Y TO GIVE !M VALIDITY2 DISC]NM5T & P[]4 ,I CAN PROMOTE ! WELF>E ( A FEW P]SONS1 BECAUSE ,I CAN BE SUFFICI5TLY 9=M$ ( !IR CIRCUM/ANCES4 ,I CAN PROMOTE ! WELF>E ( MANY 9 C]TA9 G5]AL >TICLES1 BECAUSE1 = ?IS PURPOSE1 IT IS ONLY NECESS>Y ?AT ,I %\LD BE 9=M$ ( ! NATURE ( ! HUMAN M9D AS SU*1 NOT ( ! P]SONAL SITUATION ( ! 9DIVIDUALS CONC]N$4 ,BUT = ONE MAN TO UND]TAKE TO ADM9I/] ! AFFAIRS ( MILLIONS1 TO SUPPLY1 NOT G5]AL PR9CIPLES & P]SPICU\S REASON+1 BUT P>TICUL> APPLICATION1 & MEASURES ADAPT$ TO ! NECESSITIES ( ! MOM5T1 IS ( ALL UND]TAK+S ! MO/ EXTRAVAGANT & ABSURD4 

,! MO/ SIMPLE & OBVI\S SY/EM ( PRACTICAL ADM9I/RATION IS = EA* MAN TO BE ! >BIT] ( HIS [N CONC]NS4 ,IF ! IMP]FECTION1 ! N>R[ VIEWS1 & ! MI/AKES ( HUMAN BE+S1 R5D] ?IS1 9 C]TA9 CASES1 9EXP$I5T & IMPRACTICABLE1 ! NEXT RES\RCE IS TO CALL 9 ! OP9ION ( HIS PE]S1 P]SONS :O1 FROM !IR VIC9ITY1 MAY BE PRESUM$ TO HAVE SOME G5]AL KN[L$GE ( ! CASE1 & :O HAVE LEISURE & MEANS M9UTELY TO 9VE/IGATE ! M]ITS ( ! QUE/ION4 ,IT CANNOT REASONABLY BE D\BT$1 ?AT ! SAME EXP$I5T :I* IS RESORT$ TO 9 \R CIVIL & CRIM9AL CONC]NS1 W\LD1 BY PLA9 & UN9/RUCT$ MORTALS1 BE ADOPT$ 9 ! ASSESSM5T ( TAXES1 9 ! DELIB]ATIONS ( COMM]CE1 & 9 EV]Y O!R >TICLE 9 :I* !IR COMMON 9T]E/S W]E 9VOLV$1 ONLY G5]ALIZ+ ! DELIB]ATIVE ASSEMBLY1 OR PANEL1 9 PROPORTION TO ! G5]ALITY ( ! QUE/ION TO BE DECID$4 

,MON>*Y1 9/EAD ( REF]R+ EV]Y QUE/ION TO ! P]SONS CONC]N$ OR !IR NEI<BORS1 REF]S IT TO A S+LE 9DIVIDUAL1 PLAC$ AT ! GREATE/ DI/ANCE POSSIBLE FROM ! ORD9>Y MEMB]S ( ! SOCIETY4 ,9/EAD ( DI/RIBUT+ ! CAUSES TO BE JUDG$ 9TO AS MANY P>CELS AS CONV5I5CE W\LD ADMIT1 = ! SAKE ( PROVID+ LEISURE & OPPORTUNITIES ( EXAM9ATION1 IT DRAWS !M TO A S+LE C5T]1 & R5D]S 9QUIRY & EXAM9ATION IMPOSSIBLE4 ,A DESPOT1 H[EV] VIRTU\SLY DISPOS$1 IS OBLIG$ TO ACT 9 ! D>K1 TO D]IVE HIS KN[L$GE FROM O!R M5'S 9=MATION1 & TO EXECUTE HIS DECISIONS BY O!R M5'S 9/RUM5TALITY4 ,MON>*Y SEEMS TO BE A SPECIES ( GOV]NM5T PROSCRIB$ BY ! NATURE ( MAN2 & ?OSE P]SONS1 :O FURNI%$ !IR DESPOT ) 9TEGRITY & VIRTUE1 =GOT TO ADD OMNISCI5CE & OMNIPOT5CE1  QUALITIES NOT LESS NECESS>Y TO FIT HIM = ! (FICE !Y HAD PROVID$4 

 ,LET US SUPPOSE ?IS HONE/ & 9CORRUPTIBLE DESPOT TO BE S]V$ BY M9I/]S1 AV>ICI\S1 HYPOCRITICAL & 9T]E/$4 ,:AT WILL ! PEOPLE GA9 BY ! GOOD 9T5TIONS ( !IR MON>*8 ,HE WILL MEAN !M ! GREATE/ B5EFITS1 BUT HE WILL BE ALTOGE!R UNACQUA9T$ ) !IR SITUATION1 !IR *>ACT] & !IR WANTS4 ,! 9=MATION HE RECEIVES1 WILL FREQU5TLY BE ! V]Y REV]SE ( ! TRU?4 ,HE WILL BE TAU<T ?AT ONE 9DIVIDUAL IS HI<LY M]ITORI\S1 & A PROP] SUBJECT ( REW>D1 :OSE ONLY M]IT IS ! PR(LIGATE S]VILITY ) :I* HE HAS FULFILL$ ! PURPOSES ( HIS ADM9I/RATION4 ,HE WILL BE TAU<T ?AT ANO!R IS ! PE/ ( ! COMMUNITY1 :O IS 9DEBT$ = ?IS REPORT1 TO ! /EADY VIRTUE ) :I* HE HAS TRAV]S$ & DEFEAT$ ! WICK$NESS ( GOV]NM5T4 ,HE WILL MEAN ! GREATE/ B5EFITS TO HIS PEOPLE2 BUT1 :5 HE PRESCRIBES SOME?+ CALCULAT$ = !IR ADVANTAGE1 HIS S]VANTS1 UND] PRET5SE ( COMPLY+1 %ALL1 9 REALITY1 P]PETRATE DIAMETRICALLY ! REV]SE4 ,NO?+ WILL BE MORE DANG]\S1 ?AN TO 5DEAVOR TO REMOVE ! OBSCURITY ) :I* HIS M9I/]S SURR\ND HIM4 ,! MAN1 :O ATTEMPTS SO H>DY A TASK1 WILL BECOME ! 9CESSANT OBJECT ( !IR HATR$4 ,H[EV] 9CORRUPTIBLE MAY BE ! JU/ICE ( ! SOV]EIGN1 ! TIME WILL COME :5 HIS OBS]VATION WILL BE LAID ASLEEP1 :ILE MALICE & REV5GE >E EV] VIGILANT4 ,C\LD HE UNFOLD ! SECRETS ( HIS PRISON-H\SES ( /ATE1 HE W\LD F9D M5 COMMITT$ 9 HIS NAME1 :OSE CRIMES HE NEV] KNEW1 :OSE NAMES HE NEV] HE>D (1 P]HAPS M5 :OM HE HONOR$ & E/EEM$4 ,SU* IS ! HI/ORY ( ! B5EVOL5T & PHILAN?ROPIC DESPOTS :OM MEMORY HAS RECORD$2 & ! CONCLUSION FROM ! :OLE IS1 ?AT1 :]EV] DESPOTISM EXI/S1 !RE IT WILL ALWAYS BE ATT5D$ ) ! EVILS ( DESPOTISM1 CAPRICI\S MEASURES & >BITR>Y 9FLICTION4 

 0,BUT WILL NOT A WISE K+ PROVIDE HIMSELF ) GOOD & VIRT\S S]VANTS80 ,UND\BT$LY HE WILL EFFECT A P>T ( ?IS1 BUT HE CANNOT SUP]S$E ! NATURE ( ?+S4 ,HE ?AT  EXECUTES AN (FICE AS A DEPUTY WILL NEV] DIS*>GE IT 9 ! SAME SPIRIT1 AS IF HE W]E ! PR9CIPAL4 ,EI!R ! M9I/] MU/ BE ! AU?OR ( ! PLANS :I* HE C>RIES 9TO EFFECT1 & !N IT IS ( LITTLE CONSEQU5CE1 EXCEPT SO F> AS RELATES TO HIS 9TEGRITY 9 ! *OICE ( HIS S]VANTS1 :AT SORT ( MORTAL ! SOV]EIGN %ALL BE F\ND2 OR HE MU/ PLAY A SUBORD9ATE P>T1 & !N IT IS IMPOSSIBLE TO TRANSFUSE 9TO HIS M9D ! P]SPICACITY & 5]GY ( HIS MA/]4 ,:]EV] DESPOTISM EXI/S1 IT CANNOT REMA9 9 A S+LE H&1 BUT MU/ BE TRANSMITT$ :OLE & 5TIRE ?R\< ! PROGRESSIVE L9KS ( AU?ORITY4 ,TO R5D] DESPOTISM AUSPICI\S & B5IGN1 IT IS NECESS>Y1 NOT ONLY ?AT ! SOV]EIGN %\LD POSSESS EV]Y HUMAN EXCELL5CE1 BUT ?AT ALL HIS (FIC]S %\LD BE M5 ( P5ETRAT+ G5IUS & UNSPOTT$ VIRTUE4 ,IF !Y FALL %ORT ( ?IS1 !Y WILL1 LIKE ! M9I/]S ( ,ELIZABE?1 BE SOMETIMES SPECI\S PR(LIGATES#b1 & SOMETIMES M5 :O1 H[EV] ADMIRABLY ADAPT$ = ! TE*NICAL EM]G5CIES ( BUS9ESS1 CONSULT1 ON MANY OCCASIONS EXCLUSIVELY1 !IR PRIVATE ADVANTAGE1 WOR%IP ! RIS+ SUN1 5T] 9TO V9DICTIVE CABALS1 & CUFF D[N NEW-FL$G$ M]IT#c4 ,:]EV] ! CONT9UITY IS BROK51 ! FLOOD ( VISE WILL BE> D[N ALL BE=E IT4 ,ONE WEAK OR DIS+5U\S MAN WILL BE ! S\RCE ( UNB\ND$ MIS*IEF4 

 ,ANO!R POSITION1 NOT LESS G5]ALLY ASS]T$ ?AN ! DESIRABL5ESS ( A VIRTU\S DESPOTISM1 IS 2?AT REPUBLICANISM IS A SPECIES ( GOV]NM5T PRACTICABLE ONLY 9 A SMALL /ATE1 :ILE MON>*Y IS BE/ FITT$ TO EMBRACE ! CONC]NS ( A VA/ & FL\RI%+ EMPIRE40 ,! REV]SE ( ?IS1 SO F> AT LEA/ AS RELATES TO MON>*Y1 APPE>S AT FIR/ SI<T TO BE ! TRU?4 ,! COMPET5CE ( ANY GOV]NM5T CANNOT BE MEASUR$ BY A PUR] /&>D ?AN ! EXT5T & ACCURACY ( ITS 9=MATION4 ,9 ?IS RESPECT MON>*Y APPE>S 9 ALL CASES TO BE WRET*$LY DEFICI5T2 BUT IF IT CAN EV] BE ADMITT$1 IT MU/ SURELY BE 9 ?OSE N>R[ & LIMIT$ 9/ANCES :]E AN 9DIVIDUAL CAN1 ) LEA/ ABSURDITY1 BE SUPPOS$ TO BE ACQUA9T$ ) ! AFFAIRS & 9T]E/S ( ! :OLE#d4 

,FOOTNOTES 

#a,SEE ,TOM ,JONES1 ,BOOK ,X,I,I1 ,*AP4 ,X,I,I4 

#b,DUDLEY E>L ( ,LEICE/]4 

#c,CECIL E>L ( ,SALISBURY1 LORD TREASUR]2 ,H[>D E>L ( ,NOTT+HAM1 LORD ADMIRAL1 ETC4 

#d,PA9E'S ,LETT] TO ! ,REPUBLICAN4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agib 3 ,BOOK #e1 ,*APT] #d -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,JANU>Y #b#f1 #bag 3 ,BOOK #e1 ,*APT] #d -- ,ADD$4 

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