,BOOK #a1 ,*APT] #c 
,SPIRIT ( ,POLITICAL ,9/ITUTIONS 

#agicagic 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,WILLIAM ,GODW9 

,TEXT 3 

,*,A,P4 ,I,I,I4 

,S,P,I,R,I,T ,( ,P,O,L,I,T,I,C,A,L ,9,/,I,T,U,T,I,O,N,S4 

,ROBB]Y & FRAUD1 TWO GREAT VISES 9 SOCIETY-ORIG9ATE1 #a1 9 EXTREME  
 POV]TY-#b1 9 ! O/5TATION ( ! RI*-#c1 9 !IR TYRANNY-]N- 
 D]$ P]MAN5T-#a1 BY LEGISLATION-#b1 BY ! ADM9I/RATION ( LAW 
 -#c1 BY ! MANN] 9 :I* PROP]TY IS DI/RIBUT$4 

,A,D,D,I,T,I,O,N,A,L P]SPICUITY WILL BE COMMUNICAT$ TO \R VIEW ( ! EVILS ( POLITICAL SOCIETY IF WE REFLECT ) FUR!R & CLOS] ATT5TION UPON :AT MAY BE CALL$ ITS 9T]IOR & DOME/IC HI/ORY4 

,TWO ( ! GREATE/ ABUSES RELATIVE TO ! 9T]IOR POLICY ( NATIONS1 :I* AT ?IS TIME PREVAIL 9 ! WORLD1 CONSI/ 9 ! IRREGUL> TRANSF] ( PROP]TY1 EI!R FIR/ BY VIOL5CE1 OR SECONDLY BY FRAUD4 ,IF AMONG ! 9HABITANTS ( ANY C\NTRY !RE EXI/$ NO DESIRE 9 ONE 9DIVIDUAL TO POSSESS HIMSELF ( ! SUB/ANCE ( ANO!R1 OR NO DESIRE SO VEHEM5T & RE/LESS AS TO PROMPT HIM TO ACQUIRE IT BY MEANS 9CONSI/5T ) ORD] & JU/ICE1 UND\BT$LY 9 ?AT C\NTRY GUILT C\LD SC>CELY BE KN[N BUT BY REPORT4 ,IF EV]Y MAN C\LD ) P]FECT FACILITY OBTA9 ! NECESS>IES ( LIFE1 &1 OBTA9+ !M1 FEEL NO UNEASY CRAV+ AFT] ITS SUP]FLUITIES1 TEMPTATION W\LD LOSE ITS P[]4 ,PRIVATE 9T]E/ W\LD VISIBLY ACCORD ) PUBLIC GOOD2 & CIVIL SOCIETY BECOME :AT POETRY HAS FEIGN$ ( ! GOLD5 AGE4 ,LET US 9QUIRE 9TO ! PR9CIPLES TO :I* !SE ABUSES >E 9DEBT$ = !IR EXI/5CE4 

,FIR/ !N IT IS TO BE OBS]V$ ?AT1 9 ! MO/ REF9$ /ATES ( ,EUROPE1 ! 9EQUALITY ( PROP]TY HAS RIS5 TO AN AL>M+ HEI<T4 ,VA/ NUMB]S ( !IR 9HABITANTS >E DEPRIV$ ( ALMO/ EV]Y ACCOMMODATION ?AT CAN R5D] LIFE TOL]ABLE OR SECURE4 ,!IR UTMO/ 9DU/RY SC>CELY SUFFICES = !IR SUPPORT4 ,! WOM5 & *ILDR5 LEAN ) AN 9SUPPORTABLE WEI<T UPON ! EF=TS ( ! MAN1 SO ?AT A L>GE FAMILY HAS 9 ! L[] ORD]S ( LIFE BECOME A PROV]BIAL EXPRESSION = AN UNCOMMON DEGREE ( POV]TY & WRET*$NESS4 ,IF SICKNESS1 OR SOME ( ?OSE CASUALTIES :I* >E P]PETUALLY 9CID5T TO AN ACTIVE & LABORI\S LIFE1 BE ADD$ TO !SE BURD5S1 ! DI/RESS IS YET GREAT]4 

,IT SE5S TO BE AGRE$ ?AT 9 ,5GL& !RE IS LESS WRET*$NESS & DI/RESS ?AN 9 MO/ ( ! K+DOMS ( ! CONT95T4 ,9 ,5GL& ! POORS' RATES AM\NT TO ! SUM ( TWO MILLIONS /]L+ P] ANNUM4 ,IT HAS BE5 CALCULAT$ ?AT ONE P]SON 9 SEV5 ( ! 9HABITANTS ( ?IS C\NTRY D]IVES AT SOME P]IOD ( HIS LIFE ASSI/ANCE FROM ?IS FUND4 ,IF TO ?IS WE ADD ! P]SONS :O1 FROM PRIDE1 A SPIRIT ( 9DEP5D5CE1 OR ! WANT ( A LEGAL SETTLEM5T1 ?\< 9 EQUAL DI/RESS RECEIVE NO SU* ASSI/ANCE1 ! PROPORTION WILL BE CONSID]ABLY 9CREAS$4 

,I LAY NO /RESS UPON ! ACCURACY ( ?IS CALCULATION2 ! G5]AL FACT IS SUFFICI5T TO GIVE US AN IDEA ( ! GREATNESS ( ! ABUSE4 ,! CONSEQU5CES ?AT RESULT >E PLAC$ BEYOND ! REA* ( CONTRADICTION4 ,A P]PETUAL /RUGGLE ) ! EVILS ( POV]TY1 IF FREQU5TLY 9EFFECTUAL1 MU/ NECESS>ILY R5D] MANY ( ! SUFF]]S DESP]ATE4 ,A PA9FUL FEEL+ ( !IR OPPRESS$ SITUATION WILL ITSELF DEPRIVE !M ( ! P[] ( SURM\NT+ IT4 ,! SUP]IORITY ( ! RI*1 BE+ ?US UNM]CIFULLY EX]CIS$1 MU/ 9EVITABLY EXPOSE !M TO REPRISALS2 & ! POOR MAN WILL BE 9DUC$ TO REG>D ! /ATE ( SOCIETY AS A /ATE ( W>1 AN UNJU/ COMB9ATION1 NOT = PROTECT+ EV]Y MAN 9 HIS RI<TS & SECUR+ TO HIM ! MEANS ( EXI/5CE1 BUT = 5GROSS+ ALL ITS ADVANTAGES TO A FEW FAVOR$ 9DIVIDUALS1 & RES]V+ = ! PORTION ( ! RE/ WANT1 DEP5D5CE & MIS]Y4 

,A SECOND S\RCE ( ?OSE DE/RUCTIVE PASSIONS BY :I* ! PEACE ( SOCIETY IS 9T]RUPT$ IS TO BE F\ND 9 ! LUXURY1 ! PAGEANTRY & MAGNIFIC5CE ) :I* 5ORM\S WEAL? IS USUALLY ACCOMPANI$4 ,HUMAN BE+S >E CAPABLE ( 5C\NT]+ ) *E]FULNESS CONSID]ABLE H>D%IPS :5 ?OSE H>D%IPS >E IMP>TIALLY %>$ ) ! RE/ ( ! SOCIETY1 & !Y >E NOT 9SULT$ ) ! SPECTACLE ( 9DOL5CE & EASE 9 O!RS1 NO WAY DES]V+ ( GREAT] ADVANTAGES ?AN !MSELVES4 ,BUT IT IS A BITT] AGGRAVATION ( !IR [N CALAMITY1 TO HAVE ! PRIVILEGES ( O!RS =C$ ON !IR OBS]VATION1 &1 :ILE !Y >E P]PETUALLY & VA9LY 5DEAVOR+ TO SECURE = !MSELVES & !IR FAMILIES ! POORE/ CONV5I5CES1 TO F9D O!RS REVEL+ 9 ! FRUITS ( !IR LABORS4 ,?IS AGGRAVATION IS ASSIDU\SLY ADM9I/]$ TO !M UND] MO/ ( ! POLITICAL E/ABLI%M5TS AT PRES5T 9 EXI/5CE4 ,!RE IS A NUM]\S CLASS ( 9DIVIDUALS :O1 ?\< RI*1 HAVE NEI!R BRILLIANT TAL5TS NOR SUBLIME VIRTUES2 &1 H[EV] HI<LY !Y MAY PRIZE !IR $UCATION1 !IR AFFABILITY1 !IR SUP]IOR POLI% & ! ELEGANCE ( !IR MANN]S1 HAVE A SECRET CONSCI\SNESS ?AT !Y POSSESS NO?+ BY :I* !Y CAN SO SECURELY ASS]T !IR PREEM95CE & KEEP !IR 9F]IORS AT A DI/ANCE AS ! SPL5DOR ( !IR EQUIPAGE1 ! MAGNIFIC5CE ( !IR RET9UE & ! SUMPTU\SNESS ( !IR 5T]TA9M5TS4 ,! POOR MAN IS /RUCK ) ?IS EXHIBITION2 HE FEELS HIS [N MIS]IES2 HE KN[S H[ UNWE>I$ >E HIS EF=TS TO OBTA9 A SL5D] PITTANCE ( ?IS PRODIGAL WA/E2 & HE MI/AKES OPUL5CE = FELICITY4 ,HE CANNOT P]SUADE HIMSELF ?AT AN EMBROID]$ G>M5T MAY FREQU5TLY COV] AN A*+ HE>T4 

,A ?IRD DISADVANTAGE ?AT IS APT TO CONNECT POV]TY ) DISCONT5T CONSI/S 9 ! 9SOL5CE & USURPATION ( ! RI*4 ,IF ! POOR MAN W\LD 9 O!R RESPECTS COMPOSE HIMSELF 9 PHILOSOPHIC 9DIFF]5CE1 &1 CONSCI\S ?AT HE POSSESSES EV]Y ?+ ?AT IS TRULY HONORABLE TO MAN AS FULLY AS HIS RI* NEI<BOR1 W\LD LOOK UPON ! RE/ AS B5EA? HIS 5VY1 HIS NEI<BOR WILL NOT P]MIT HIM TO DO SO4 ,HE SEEMS AS IF HE C\LD NEV] BE SATISFI$ ) HIS POSSESSIONS UNLESS HE CAN MAKE ! SPECTACLE ( !M GRAT+ TO O!RS2 & ?AT HONE/ SELF-E/EEM1 BY :I* HIS 9F]IOR MI<T O!RWISE ATTA9 TO TRANQUILITY1 IS R5D]$ ! 9/RUM5T ( GALL+ HIM ) OPPRESSION & 9JU/ICE4 ,9 MANY C\NTRIES JU/ICE IS AV[$LY MADE A SUBJECT ( SOLICITATION1 & ! MAN ( ! HI<E/ RANK & MO/ SPL5DID CONNECTIONS ALMO/ 9FALLIBLY C>RIES HIS CAUSE AGA9/ ! UNPROTECT$ & FRI5DLESS4 ,9 C\NTRIES :]E ?IS %AMELESS PRACTICE IS NOT E/ABLI%$1 JU/ICE IS FREQU5TLY A MATT] ( EXP5SIVE PUR*ASE1 & ! MAN ) ! LONGE/ PURSE IS PROV]BIALLY VICTORI\S4 ,A CONSCI\SNESS ( !SE FACTS MU/ BE EXPECT$ TO R5D] ! RI* LITTLE CAUTI\S ( (F5SE 9 HIS DEAL+S ) ! POOR1 & TO 9SPIRE HIM ) A TEMP] OV]BE>+1 DICTATORIAL & TYRANNICAL4 ,NOR DOES ?IS 9DIRECT OPPRESSION SATISFY HIS DESPOTISM4 ,! RI* >E 9 ALL SU* C\NTRIES DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY ! LEGISLATORS ( ! /ATE2 & ( CONSEQU5CE >E P]PETUALLY R$UC+ OPPRESSION 9TO A SY/EM1 & DEPRIV+ ! POOR ( ?AT LITTLE COMMONAGE ( NATURE :I* MI<T O!RWISE /ILL HAVE REMA9$ TO !M4 

,! OP9IONS ( 9DIVIDUALS1 & ( CONSEQU5CE !IR DESIRES1 = DESIRE IS NO?+ BUT OP9ION MATUR+ = ACTION1 WILL ALWAYS BE 9 A GREAT DEGREE REGULAT$ BY ! OP9IONS ( ! COMMUNITY4 ,BUT ! MANN]S PREVAIL+ 9 MANY C\NTRIES >E ACCURATELY CALCULAT$ TO IMPRESS A CONVICTION ?AT 9TEGRITY1 VIRTUE1 UND]/&+ & 9DU/RY >E NO?+1 & ?AT OPUL5CE IS EV]Y?+4 ,DOES A MAN :OSE EXT]IOR D5OTES 9DIG5CE EXPECT TO BE WELL RECEIV$ 9 SOCIETY1 & ESPECIALLY BY ?OSE :O W\LD BE UND]/OOD TO DICTATE TO ! RE/8 ,DOES HE F9D OR IMAG9E HIMSELF 9 WANT ( !IR ASSI/ANCE & FAVOR8 ,HE IS PRES5TLY TAU<T ?AT NO M]IT CAN ATONE = A MEAN APPE>ANCE4 ,! LESSON ?AT IS READ TO HIM IS1 0,GO HOME2 5RI* Y\RSELF BY :ATEV] MEANS2 OBTA9 ?OSE SUP]FLUITIES :I* >E ALONE REG>D$ AS E/IMABLE2 & Y\ MAY !N BE SECURE ( AN AMICABLE RECEPTION40 ,ACCORD+LY POV]TY 9 SU* C\NTRIES IS VIEW$ AS ! GREATE/ ( DEM]ITS4 ,IT IS ESCAP$ FROM ) AN EAG]NESS ?AT HAS NO LEISURE = ! SCRUPLES ( HONE/Y4 ,IT IS CONCEAL$ AS ! MO/ 9DELIBLE DISGRACE4 ,:ILE ONE MAN *OOSES ! PA? ( UNDI/+UI%+ ACCUMULATION1 ANO!R PLUNGES 9TO EXP5SES :I* >E TO IMPOSE HIM UPON ! WORLD AS MORE OPUL5T ?AN HE IS4 ,HE HA/5S TO ! REALITY ( ?AT P5URY ! APPE>ANCE ( :I* HE DREADS2 &1 TOGE!R ) HIS PROP]TY1 SACRIFICES ! 9TEGRITY1 V]ACITY & *>ACT] :I* MI<T HAVE CONSOL$ HIM 9 HIS ADV]SITY4 

,SU* >E ! CAUSES ?AT1 9 DIFF]5T DEGREES UND] ! DIFF]5T GOV]NM5TS ( ! WORLD1 PROMPT MANK9D OP5LY OR SECRETLY TO 5CROA* UPON ! PROP]TY ( EA* O!R4 ,LET US CONSID] H[ F> !Y ADMIT EI!R ( REM$Y OR AGGRAVATION FROM POLITICAL 9/ITUTION4 ,:ATEV] T5DS TO DECREASE ! 9JURIES ATT5DANT UPON POV]TY DECREASES AT ! SAME TIME ! 9ORD9ATE DESIRE & ! 5ORM\S ACCUMULATION ( WEAL?4 ,WEAL? IS NOT PURSU$ = ITS [N SAKE1 & SELDOM = ! S5SUAL GRATIFICATIONS IT CAN PUR*ASE1 BUT = ! SAME REASONS ?AT ORD9>ILY PROMPT M5 TO ! ACQUISITION ( LE>N+1 ELOQU5CE & SKILL1 = ! LOVE ( DI/9CTION & ! FE> ( CONTEMPT4 ,H[ FEW W\LD PRIZE ! POSSESSION ( RI*ES IF !Y W]E CONDEMN$ TO 5JOY !IR EQUIPAGE1 !IR PALACES & !IR 5T]TA9M5TS 9 SOLITUDE1 ) NO EYE TO WOND] AT !IR MAGNIFIC5CE1 & NO SORDID OBS]V] READY TO CONV]T ?AT WOND] 9TO AN ADULATION ( ! [N]8 ,IF ADMIRATION W]E NOT G5]ALLY DEEM$ ! EXCLUSIVE PROP]TY ( ! RI*1 & CONTEMPT ! CON/ANT LACQUEY ( POV]TY1 ! LOVE ( GA9 W\LD CEASE TO BE AN UNIV]SAL PASSION4 ,LET US CONSID] 9 :AT RESPECTS POLITICAL 9/ITUTION IS R5D]$ SUBS]VI5T TO ?IS PASSION4 

,FIR/ !N1 LEGISLATION IS 9 ALMO/ EV]Y C\NTRY GROSSLY ! FAVOR] ( ! RI* AGA9/ ! POOR4 ,SU* IS ! *>ACT] ( ! GAME-LAWS1 BY :I* ! 9DU/RI\S RU/IC IS =BIDD5 TO DE/ROY ! ANIMAL ?AT PREYS UPON ! HOPES ( HIS FUTURE SUBSI/5CE1 OR TO SUPPLY HIMSELF ) ! FOOD ?AT UNS\<T ?RU/S ITSELF 9 HIS PA?4 ,SU* WAS ! SPIRIT ( ! LATE REV5UE-LAWS ( ,FRANCE1 :I* 9 SEV]AL ( !IR PROVISIONS FELL EXCLUSIVELY UPON ! HUMBLE & 9DU/RI\S1 & EXEMPT$ FROM !IR OP]ATION ?OSE :O W]E BE/ ABLE TO SUPPORT IT4 ,?US 9 ,5GL& ! L&-TAX AT ?IS MOM5T PRODUCES HALF A MILLION LESS ?AN IT DID A C5TURY AGO1 :ILE ! TAXES ON CONSUMPTION HAVE EXP]I5C$ AN ADDITION ( ?IRTE5 MILLIONS P] ANNUM DUR+ ! SAME P]IOD4 ,?IS IS AN ATTEMPT1 :E!R EFFECTUAL OR NO1 TO ?R[ ! BURD5 FROM ! RI* UPON ! POOR1 & AS SU* IS AN EXAMPLE ( ! SPIRIT ( LEGISLATION4 ,UPON ! SAME PR9CIPLE ROBB]Y & O!R (F5SES1 :I* ! WEAL?I] P>T ( ! COMMUNITY HAVE NO TEMPTATION TO COMMIT1 >E TREAT$ AS CAPITAL CRIMES1 & ATT5D$ ) ! MO/ RIGOR\S1 (T5 ! MO/ 9HUMAN PUNI%M5TS4 ,! RI* >E 5C\RAG$ TO ASSOCIATE = ! EXECUTION ( ! MO/ P>TIAL & OPPRESSIVE POSITIVE LAWS2 MONOPOLIES & PAT5TS >E LAVI%LY DISP5S$ TO SU* AS >E ABLE TO PUR*ASE !M2 :ILE ! MO/ VIGILANT POLICY IS EMPLOY$ TO PREV5T COMB9ATIONS ( ! POOR TO FIX ! PRICE ( LABOR1 & !Y >E DEPRIV$ ( ! B5EFIT ( ?AT PRUD5CE & JUDGM5T :I* W\LD SELECT ! SC5E ( !IR 9DU/RY4 

,SECONDLY1 ! ADM9I/RATION ( LAW IS NOT LESS 9IQUIT\S ?AN ! SPIRIT 9 :I* IT IS FRAM$4 ,UND] ! LATE GOV]NM5T ( ,FRANCE ! (FICE ( JUDGE WAS A MATT] ( PUR*ASE1 P>TLY BY AN OP5 PRICE ADVANC$ TO ! CR[N1 & P>TLY BY A SECRET D\CEUR PAID TO ! M9I/]4 ,HE :O KNEW BE/ H[ TO MANAGE HIS M>KET 9 ! RETAIL TRADE ( JU/ICE C\LD AF=D TO PUR*ASE ! GOOD WILL ( ITS FUNCTIONS AT ! HI<E/ PRICE4 ,TO ! CLI5T JU/ICE WAS AV[$LY MADE AN OBJECT ( P]SONAL SOLICITATION2 & A P[]FUL FRI5D1 A H&SOME WOMAN1 OR A PROP] PRES5T W]E >TICLES ( MU* GREAT] VALUE ?AN A GOOD CAUSE4 ,9 ,5GL& ! CRIM9AL LAW IS ADM9I/]$ ) GREAT] IMP>TIALITY SO F> AS REG>DS ! TRIAL ITSELF2 BUT ! NUMB] ( CAPITAL (F5SES1 & ( CONSEQU5CE ! FREQU5CY ( P>DONS1 OP5 A WIDE DOOR TO FAVOR & ABUSE4 ,9 CAUSES RELAT+ TO PROP]TY ! PRACTICE ( LAW IS >RIV$ AT SU* A PIT* AS TO R5D] ITS NOM9AL IMP>TIALITY UTT]LY NUGATORY4 ,! L5G? ( \R *ANC]Y SUITS1 ! MULTIPLI$ APPEALS FROM C\RT TO C\RT1 ! 5ORM\S FEES ( C\NSEL1 ATTORNEYS1 SECRET>IES1 CL]KS1 ! DRAW+ ( BRIEFS1 BILLS1 REPLICATIONS & REJO9D]S1 & :AT HAS SOMETIMES BE5 CALL$ ! 0GLORI\S UNC]TA9Y0 ( ! LAW1 R5D] IT FREQU5TLY MORE ADVISABLE TO RESIGN A PROP]TY ?AN TO CONTE/ IT1 & P>TICUL>LY EXCLUDE ! IMPOV]I%$ CLAIMANT FROM ! FA9TE/ HOPE ( R$RESS4 

,?IRDLY1 ! 9EQUALITY ( CONDITIONS USUALLY MA9TA9$ BY POLITICAL 9/ITUTION IS CALCULAT$ GREATLY TO 5HANCE ! IMAG9$ EXCELL5CE ( WEAL?4 ,9 ! ANCI5T MON>*IES ( ! ,EA/1 & 9 ,TURKEY AT ! PRES5T DAY1 AN EM95T /ATION C\LD SC>CELY FAIL TO EXCITE IMPLICIT DEF]5CE4 ,! TIMID 9HABITANT TREMBL$ BE=E HIS SUP]IOR2 & W\LD HAVE ?\<T IT LITTLE LESS ?AN BLASPHEMY TO T\* ! VEIL DRAWN BY ! PR\D SATRAP OV] HIS +LORI\S ORIG94 ,! SAME PR9CIPLES W]E EXT5SIVELY PREVAL5T UND] ! FEUDAL SY/EM4 ,! VASSAL1 :O WAS REG>D$ AS A SORT ( LIVE /OCK UPON ! E/ATE1 & KNEW NO APPEAL FROM ! >BITR>Y FIAT ( HIS LORD1 W\LD SC>CELY V5TURE TO SUSPECT ?AT HE WAS ( ! SAME SPECIES4 ,?IS H[EV] CON/ITUT$ AN UNNATURAL & VIOL5T SITUATION4 ,!RE IS A PROP5SITY 9 MAN TO LOOK FUR!R ?AN ! \TSIDE2 & TO COME ) A WRIT ( 9QUIRY 9TO ! TITLE ( ! UP/>T & ! SUCCESSFUL4 ,BY ! OP]ATION ( !SE CAUSES ! 9SOL5CE ( WEAL? HAS BE5 9 SOME DEGREE MOD]AT$4 ,MEANTIME IT CANNOT BE PRET5D$ ?AT EV5 AMONG \RSELVES ! 9EQUALITY IS NOT /RA9$ SO AS TO GIVE BIR? TO V]Y UN=TUNATE CONSEQU5CES4 ,IF1 9 ! 5ORM\S DEGREE 9 :I* IT PREVAILS 9 SOME P>TS ( ! WORLD1 IT :OLLY DEBILITATE & EMASCULATE ! HUMAN RACE1 WE %ALL FEEL SOME REASON TO BELIEVE ?AT1 EV5 9 ! MILD] /ATE 9 :I* WE >E ACCU/OM$ TO BEHOLD IT1 IT IS /ILL PREGNANT ) ! MO/ MIS*IEV\S EFFECTS4 

,FROM 3 ,AN>*Y ,>*IVES4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
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