,A LOOK AT ! PA/ 
,! REVOLUTION>Y C>E] ( ,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIGUEL ,AMOROS 

,TEXT 3 

,?AT'S ! WAY MY LIFE IS1 

/ONE1 LIKE Y\4 ,LIKE Y\1 

LITTLE /ONE 

LIKE Y\1 

LITTLE /ONE1 ?AT MAYBE WAS MADE 

ONLY = A SL+%OT4444 

,LEON ,FELIPE 

,I 

,SOME PEOPLE ?9K ?AT MEMORY IS NO?+ O!R ?AN PREP>ATION = DEA?1 BUT = ?OSE :O >E NOT AFRAID ( DEA? SU* AN >RANGEM5T WILL NOT DI/URB !IR S]5ITY 9 !IR LA/ MOM5TS1 EV5 9 EXILE4 ,MONTAIGNE ?\<T ?AT ,NATURE HAS TAU<T US TO ?9K AB\T DEA? ONLY :5 ! TIME COMES TO DIE4 ,IT IS BETT] TO LOOK BACK1 TO ! LIFE ( ! PA/4 ,! MEMORY ( ! EXILES IS A RETURN TO !IR PLACES ( ORIG91 BUT )\T BITT]NESS1 BECAUSE ?OSE :O W]E ILLUM9AT$ BY IDEALS ( FRE$OM NEV] FELT DEFEAT$ OR DISILLUSION$4 ,!Y MADE GOOD USE ( !IR LIVES1 & TO LOSE !M WAS NO BIG DEAL2 !Y DEP>T$ CONT5T1 NOT WEI<$ D[N ) A LOT ( BAGGAGE1 )\T WORRIES4 ,) A P]SON'S DEA?1 H[EV]1 SOME?+ ( ! PA/ ( ! COLLECTIVE ( :I* ?AT P]SON =M$ A P>T ALSO DIES1 ! CLASS EPIC ?AT %\LD BE PRES]V$3 IT IS ! MORAL LEGACY ( A G5]ATION ( ANONYM\S FI<T]S4 ,9 ! HOME /RET* ( LIFE A P[]FUL S5SE ( ! APPROA*+ 5D >ISES1 & ITS RAPID ONSET CAUSES ONE TO MAKE HA/E TO PUT D[N 9 WRIT+ ! TE/AM5T ( ! REVOLT1 ! LEGACY ?AT ONE'S NATURAL HEIRS WILL RECEIVE4 ,?AT IS :Y1 9 ,LONDON1 BETWE5 #aiie & #a#i#i#f1 ,I URG$ A MILD-MANN]$1 RETIR$ AN>*I/1 ,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ1 TO RECORD HIS ADV5TURES & IDEALS 9 A MEMOIR2 HIS TITLE WAS ,UN ,RELATO ,PATETICO .<,A ,TRAGIC ,ACC\NT.>4 ,SOMEONE CLOSE TO HIM WAS DEALT A BL[ BY FATE2 ?IS S]V$ AS A W>N+ & A SPUR1 = DISA/]S HAPP5 :5 ONE LEA/ EXPECTS !M4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #d1 #a#i#i#d1 HIS COMPANION ,C>M5 SUFF]$ A /ROKE ?AT LEFT H] P>ALYZ$ ON ! RI<T SIDE ( H] BODY1 & AL?\< %E C\LD /ILL HE>1 %E C\LD NO LONG] SPEAK4 ,%E WAS PRACTICALLY IMMOBILIZ$1 WALK+ ONLY ) ! AID ( A CANE1 & ONLY = A FEW M9UTES AT A TIME4 ,JOAQU91 :O WAS #hh YE>S OLD AT ! TIME1 WAS HAV+ TR\BLE ) HIS EYESI<T & HIS LEGS W\LD NOT ALWAYS OBEY HIM1 UNTIL ! TIME CAME :5 HE C\LD NOT LEAVE HIS HOME TO BUY :AT HE NE$$ AT ! NEI<BORHOOD /ORES BECAUSE HE WAS AFRAID ?AT HE W\LD GET DIZZY & COLLAPSE4 ,C>M5 HAD TO DO EV]Y?+ & N[ %E HAD TO TAKE C>E ( HIM1 TOO1 AS HIS CONDITION DET]IORAT$4 ,9 ! SPR+ ( #aiih ,C>M5 WAS NO LONG] ABLE TO WALK4 ,LUCKILY !Y W]E NOT ALONE1 LEFT TO ! M]CY ( NURSES & HOMEC>E AIDES2 !IR DAU<T] ,VIOLETA PROVID$ 9VALUABLE HELP DUR+ ?OSE LA/ TURNS ( ! :EEL ( LIFE4 ,DUR+ ?IS BLEAK TIME HE EX*ANG$ LETT]S ) HIS SURVIV+ COMRADES3 ,FELIX ,ALV>EZ ,>5AS & HIS SON1 ,G]M9AL1 9 ,T\L\SE2 ,FLOREAL ,RODRIGUEZ1 9 ,ALICANTE2 ,FRANCISCO ,PIQU]AS1 9 ,B>CELONA2 DESPITE ! FACT ?AT EV]Y ?REE OR F\R L9ES ?AT ,I WROTE MY EYES CL\D$ OV] AS IF ) A FOG1 & ,I HAD TO GET UP FROM MY *AIR1 9 ORD] TO BEG9 AGA9 LAT]4 ,BUT IF HE C\LD NO LONG] RELY ON HIS HEAD1 HIS LEGS W]E EV5 LESS RELIABLE4 ,IT C\LD BE SAID )\T EXAGG]ATION ?AT IT WAS IDEALS1 MORE ?AN ANY?+ ELSE1 ?AT SU/A9$ HIM4 

,JOAQU9 HAD DEVOT$ HIS 5TIRE LIFE TO ! 0IDEA01 TO AN>*Y1 ?AT SOCIAL PH5OM5ON ?AT IS MANIFE/$1 AS ,ELISEE ,RECLUS RECALLS1 :]EV] S9C]E M5 REBELL+ AGA9/ IMPOS$ RULES ( ANY K9D1 VOLUNT>ILY UNITE MUTUALLY TO TEA* ONE ANO!R & TO RECONQU] P>T ( !IR LIVES & SATISFY !IR [N NE$S )\T MA/]S4 ,! 0IDEA0 GAVE MEAN+ TO HIS LIFE & ! ,SPANI% ,REVOLUTION ( #aicf WAS ITS LA/ APPE>ANCE 9 HI/ORY4 ,RECALL+ ! REVOLUTION>Y CIVIL W>1 ?AT OP5 /RUGGLE WOR? REMEMB]+1 :I* NO ONE CAN ]ASE1 & ! EXP]I5CE ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM ?AT HE WAS !RE TO 5JOY 9 ,P9A & ,GELSA1 ,JOAQU9 R5D]$ HOMAGE TO ALL ?OSE BRAVE ,SPANI% & =EIGN AN>*I/ COMRADES :O1 EA* & EV]Y ONE1 DI$ = ! FRE$OM ( ! WORLD4 ,TODAY'S RUL]S DO NOT WANT ANYONE TO KN[ ?AT WE WORK]S DEFEAT$ ! MILIT>Y4 ,& ?US1 IGNORANCE ( !SE FEATS IMPLIES A DISGRACE & A SETBACK = Y\NG PEOPLE1 ?OSE ( TODAY & ?OSE ( TOMORR[1 ! LEGITIMATE HEIRS ( AN EXAMPLE ?AT MU/ S]VE AS A BEACON4 ,ACCORD+ TO ! /ALW>T JUDGM5T ( ,JOAQU91 ! AN>*I/S & AN>*OSYNDICALI/S W]E ! VANGU>D ( ?AT REVOLUTION1 :I* WAS RU9$ BY ! P]FIDY ( A CORRUPT & DICTATORIAL REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T1 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION>Y & CRIM9AL ACTIVITIES ( ! COMMUNI/S1 &1 F9ALLY1 DUE TO ! BETRAYAL ( ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 :O NOT ONLY BEHELD ALL ?IS & REMA9$ SIL5T1 BUT COLLABORAT$3 ! MO/ SUITABLE WORD ,I CAN F9D TO DEPICT ?IS FALSE /EP ( ! COLLABORATIONI/S IS ,B,E,T,R,A,Y,A,L4 ,! TRU? WILL \T2 EV]Y?+ MU/ BE KN[N SO ?AT ! NEW G5]ATIONS WILL NOT ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE DUP$4 ,JOAQU9 ASKS HIMSELF1 & ANSW]S ) SORR[3 ,DID WE REALIZE WE W]E C>RY+ \T ! ,REVOLUTION8 ,NO6 ,A ?\S& TIMES NO6 ,& ! FACT IS ?AT IF WE W]E TO HAVE REALIZ$ IT1 ANO!R WORLD W\LD HAVE DAWN$4 ,?IS FAILURE WAS A MILL/ONE >\ND ! NECK ( ! WORK]S ?AT !Y >E /ILL PAY+ =3 ,WE W]E SO NAIVE ?AT WE ?\<T ?AT WE HAD EV]Y?+ 9 \R H&S & ?AT N[ WE W]E ! T\< GUYS4 ,NO ONE ESCAP$ ! DEFEAT ( ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,MAYBE ?OSE ( US :O W]E AT ! FRONTS1 FI<T+ FASCISM ) ALL \R MI<T4 ,BUT 9 ! RE>GU>D NEI!R ! LEAD]S NOR ! MILITANTS ESCAP$2 ! =M] BECAUSE !Y W]E TRAITORS & ! LATT] BECAUSE !Y CONS5T$ TO ! BETRAYAL4 ,! LIB]T>IANS SURR5D]$ RI<T AT ! BEG9N+ BY ATTRIBUT+ ALL RESPONSIBILITY = ?IS BETRAYAL TO ! CIRCUM/ANCES ( ! W>1 & !N !Y C\LD NOT /OP4 ,! S9C]E AN>*I/S1 TRAPP$ BETWE5 ! DICTATES ( !IR IDEOLOGY & ! COLLABORATIONISM ( !IR LEAD]S1 DID NOT REACT DECISIVELY 5\<4 ,AN ACCUMULATION ( DECEPTIONS1 ACTS ( C[>DICE1 BETRAYALS & USURPATIONS PUT AN 5D TO ?AT 9CR$IBLE PROLET>IAN A*IEVEM5T4 ,& !N1 ! WOR/ PUNI%M5T ?AT C\LD HAVE BE5 9FLICT$ ON ! WORK+ CLASS1 IS ! FACT ?AT AN OCCASION SU* AS WAS PRES5T$ TO US BY ?AT UNP>ALLEL$ ,JULY #a#i? ( #a#i#c#f1 MI<T NOT EV] >ISE AGA9 = ANO!R FIVE HUNDR$ YE>S6.<#a.> 

,FATE HAD ORDA9$ ?AT ,JOAQU9 W\LD DECIDE TO WRITE HIS MEMOIRS TOO LATE1 :51 DUE TO HIS ADVANC$ AGE1 HIS MEMORY WAS UNRELIABLE & HIS ACC\NT ( ! PA/ WAS RIDDL$ ) GAPS4 ,LUIS ,MONF]R>1 AN OCCASIONAL COLLABORATOR :O *>G$ ,JOAQU9 A FEE = HIS WORK1 C\LD H>DLY HELP HIM1 S9CE HE KNEW ALMO/ NO?+ AB\T AN>*ISM & ! CIVIL W>4 ,HIS FRI5D1 ,PIQU]AS1 :O WAS ALSO OLD & ILL1 & :O WAS JU/ AS MU* ( AN AUTODIDACT AS ,JOAQU91 C\LD ONLY TRANSCRIBE HIS IMPRECISE ACC\NT & PRO(READ IT AT HOME1 )\T V]IFY+ ! ACCURACY ( ! DETAILS OR EV5 SITUAT+ !M 9 !IR CONTEXT4 ,DUR+ ! SUMM] ( #bc ,I ATTEMPT$ TO 9T]VIEW ,JOAQU9 AT HIS HOME 9 ! ,LONDON NEI<BORHOOD ( ,ISL+TON1 BUT DESPITE ! PLEASURE HE EXP]I5C$ 9 SPEAK+ ( ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 ! EF=T 9VOLV$ 9 DO+ SO WAS V]Y PA9FUL = HIM & AFT] A FEW M9UTES ,I HAD TO LEAVE HIM 9 PEACE4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ,JOAQU9 LEFT A TRAIL ( BIOGRAPHICAL DETAILS DISP]S$ AMONG ! NUM]\S L9ES ?AT CONNECT$ ! SIX OR SEV5 EPISODES :OSE N>RATION HE CONSID]$ ESS5TIAL4 ,IT MU/ ALSO BE PO9T$ \T ?AT HIS WRITT5 ACC\NTS & 9T]VIEWS DISPLAY$ AN EXCESS ( RHETORIC & AN ABS5CE ( 9TROSPECTION4 ,JOAQU9 DID NOT TALK MU* AB\T HIMSELF4 ,AMONG AN>*I/S1 A C]TA9 K9D ( CLASS MODE/Y IS NOT UNUSUAL1 :I* HAS A T5D5CY TO SITUATE ! COLLECTIVE ABOVE ! 9DIVIDUAL4 ,! 9DIVIDUAL ONLY MATT]S AS A REPRES5TATIVE ( ! SOCIAL GR\P TO :I* HE BELONGS4 ,HIS *ILDHOOD1 HIS ADOLESC5T FRI5D%IPS1 HIS D\BTS1 HIS MORAL /RUGGLES1 HIS FEEL+S1 HIS TA/ES1 HIS LOVES1 HIS P]SONAL SACRIFICES1 ETC41 P]TA9 TO ! PRIVATE WORLD1 AGA9/ :I* WE %\LD NOT TRESPASS4 ,! DRAMATIC T5SION TOOK PLACE \TSIDE ( PRIVATE LIFE1 9 SOCIETY4 ,) REG>D TO ?IS PO9T1 AN>*I/ MORALITY IS LI<T YE>S AHEAD ( B\RGEOIS MORALITY4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) HIS CONVICTIONS1 ,JOAQU9 W\LD SPEAK ONLY ( HIS REVOLT AGA9/ TYRANNY1 ( ! COLLECTIVE DRAMA 9 :I* HE PLAY$ A ROLE1 ( ! LONG EXILE AS A MILITANT ?AT WAS HIS FATE1 & ABOVE ALL ( 0! IDEA01 ! 9/RUM5T ( FRE$OM = :I* NO?+ IS SP>$1 ! LEV] ( ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & ! REAL PROTAGONI/ ( HIS HI/ORY4 ,! PAMPHLET1 0,T[>DS A ,NEW ,REVOLUTION01 BY ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 W\LD BE 9CLUD$ 9 HIS 0MEMOIRS0 & W\LD APPE> 9 ,C5IT1 ! J\RNAL ( ! LIB]T>IAN EXILE COMMUNITY 9 ,T\L\SE1 & W\LD HAVE S]V$ AS HIS TE/AM5T IF HIS [N ACC\NT HAD NOT BE5 WRITT54 

,I,I 

,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ ,NAV>RO WAS BORN ON ,AUGU/ #d1 #aig 9 ,LOS ,CALPES1 A VILLAGE 9 ! MUNICIPALITY ( ,PUEBLA DEL ,>5OSO1 C\NTY ( ,ALTO ,MIJ>ES1 PROV9CE ( ,CA/ELLON4 ,HIS P>5TS1 MODE/ PEASANTS1 HAD ?REE *ILDR53 ,JOAQU91 ! ELDE/1 A DISABL$ Y\NG] SON1 & A DAU<T]4 ,! FAMILY POSSESS$ A FEW P>CELS ( DRY L& ?AT DID NOT PRODUCE 5\< TO SUPPORT ITS NE$S1 SO ITS MEMB]S HAD TO WORK H>D TO GET BY4 ,! DEA? ( ,JOAQU9'S FA!R WAS A S]I\S MORAL & ECONOMIC SETBACK4 ,JOAQU9 WAS ONLY EI<T YE>S OLD :5 HE WAS =C$ TO GO TO WORK3 9 A LITTLE VILLAGE LIKE ?AT Y\ DID NOT HAVE A DAY (F1 Y\ W]E ALWAYS WORK+ ) ! M51 ) ! HORSES1 WORK+ ON ! L& TO PROVIDE = ! H\SEHOLD 444 BE=E ,I LEFT ! VILLAGE = GOOD ,I HAD ALREADY GONE TO ,>AGON TO WORK AS A H>VE/]--) A TEAM ( M56--E>N+ ! SAME WAGE AS ! M51 :5 ,I WAS F\RTE5 YE>S OLD1 WORK+ FROM MORN+ TO NI<T ) A SCY!1 & !Y W\LD NOT LET ME LEAVE4444.<#b.> ,! SITUATION ( ! FAMILY WAS BECOM+ EV] MORE DESP]ATE & HIS MO!R DECID$ TO MOVE ! FAMILY TO ,B>CELONA4 ,AT ?IS PO9T1 AS SO (T5 9 HIS MEMOIRS1 ! DATE IS UNC]TA93 DID !Y MOVE TO ,B>CELONA 9 #a#i#a#i1 OR WAS IT 9 #a#i#b#a8 ,IT WAS A BIG *ANGE2 FROM ALMOND OR*>DS TO N>R[ /REETS FULL ( PEOPLE1 ODORS1 NOISE1 POV]TY4444 ,!Y TOOK AN AP>TM5T ON ,MIGUEL ,ANGEL ,/REET1 9 ! ,SANTS NEI<BORHOOD4 ,HIS MO!R & SI/] W5T TO WORK AS S]VANTS 9 B\RGEOIS HOMES & ,JOAQU9 F\ND A JOB AS A LABOR] 9 ! CON/RUCTION 9DU/RY1 WORK+ ) BRICKLAY]S3 ,AT ! AGE ( SIXTE5 ,I WAS ALREADY A MEMB] ( ! ,C,N,T1 A DEF5D] ( ! CAUSE ( ! WORK]S4 ,:ILE /ILL AN ADOLESC5T1 ,JOAQU9 JO9$ ! ,NATIONAL ,CONF$]ATION ( ,LABOR SOMETIME >\ND #a#i#b#c1 PROBABLY ! CON/RUCTION WORK]S TRADE UNION4 ,IT WAS 9 ?AT YE> ?AT ! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! ,C,N,T & ! EMPLOY]S REA*$ A PEAK ( 9T5SITY ) ! ASSASS9ATION ( ,SALVADOR ,SEGUI1 ! MO/ POPUL> FIGURE 9 ! HI/ORY ( ! ,CATALONIAN PROLET>IAT1 IF WE EXCEPT ,DURRUTI4 ,CLASS TRADE UNIONISM HAD BECOME A MAJOR PROBLEM1 SO ?AT ! ,CATALONIAN B\RGEOISIE1 ) ! CONS5T ( ! ,K+1 ATTEMPT$ TO SUPPRESS IT BY 5C\RAG+ ! MILIT>Y TO C>RY \T A C\P D'ETAT4 ,?IS MEANT ! \TLAW+ ( ! ,C,N,T & ! P]SECUTION ( ITS MILITANTS4 ,IT ALSO L$ TO SPLIT 9 ! RANKS ( ! ,C,N,T1 BECAUSE1 9 ORD] TO SURVIVE UND] ! DICTATOR%IP ( ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 SOME LEAD]S ATTEMPT$ TO ADAPT TO ITS LAWS & 9/ITUTIONS1 & 5D$ UP E/ABLI%+ A MODUS VIV5DI ) ! LIB]AL POLITICAL =CES4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ,JOAQU9 GOT A JOB 9 ! KIT*5 AT ,TR9K-,HALL1 A HI<-CLASS B> & RE/AURANT LOCAT$ ON ,! ,RAMBLAS--AT ! CORN] ( ,CONDE DEL ,ASALTO4 ,ONE ( HIS C\S9S1 FROM ! SAME VILLAGE & ALMO/ ! SAME AGE AS HE WAS--BORN 9 #a#i#h--,M>CEL9O ,B5$ICTO ,NAV>RO1 ALSO EMIGRAT$ TO ,B>CELONA1 :]E HE GOT A JOB AS A WAIT]1 & ! TWO ( !M /RUCK UP A FRI5D%IP SO CLOSE ?AT ONLY DEA? W\LD SEP>ATE !M4 

,9 #a#i#c1 :5 ,B]5GU] REPLAC$ ,PRIMO DE ,RIV]A1 ! ,C,N,T WAS ONCE AGA9 LEGALIZ$4 ,! TRADE UNIONS REORGANIZ$ & ,JOAQU9 PROBABLY BECAME A MEMB] ( ! GA/RONOMIC TRADE UNION1 OR ! TRADE UNION ( ! FOOD S]VICE 9DU/RY1 AS IT WAS ALSO CALL$4 ,RELEAS$ FROM POLICE H>ASSM5T1 ! TRADE UNIONS PRES5T$ !IR DEM&S TO ! EMPLOY]S1 NOT HESITAT+ TO PROPOSE /RIKES ?AT ANNOY$ !IR LEAD]S1 :O HAD MADE DEALS ) ! POLITICIANS4 ,JOAQU9 BRIEFLY REC\NTS ?AT HE ?\<T ! 0RE=MI/S0 HAD !IR GOOD PO9TS & !IR BAD PO9TS4 ,! ,MANIFE/O ( ! ,TRE9TA EXPRESS$ ! PROTE/ ( ?IS SECTOR1 & ! SITUATION WAS AGGRAVAT$ BY ! LUKEW>M SUPPORT GIV5 BY ! RE=MI/S TO ! 9SURRECTION ( ! M9]S 9 ,LLOBREGAT1 & BY ! SOCIALI/ VOTE TO S5T5CE ! WORK]S TAK5 PRISON] DUR+ ! 9SURRECTION TO DEPORTATION TO ,GU9EA4 ,FROM ?AT PO9T ON1 S9CE #a#i#c#b1 ,JOAQU9 BECAME A 0SYNDICALI/ ( ACTION0 :O WAS ALWAYS 9VOLV$ 9 ALL ! CLA%ES & /RIKE MOVEM5TS ?AT TOOK PLACE 9 ,B>CELONA4 ,JUAN ,G>CIA ,OLIV] TELLS US ?AT 9 #aicb HE WAS E/ABLI%+ A /RUCTURE ( DEF5SE GR\PS & COMMITTEES = FUTURE 9SURRECTIONS1 9 :I* ,JOAQU9 WAS C]TA9LY 9VOLV$4 ,! LEAD+ MAN ( ACTION1 H[EV]1 ) :OM ,JOAQU9 WAS ACQUA9T$ AT ! TIME1 MI<T NOT HAVE BE5 ,G>CIA ,OLIV]1 BUT ,PROGRESO ,ROD5AS--! MAN :O ASSASS9AT$ ,BRAVO ,PORTILLO1 A LEG5D AMONG LIB]T>IANS1 ) A LONG HI/ORY ( CLA%ES ) ! EMPLOY]S' PI/OL]OS1 EXILE & LIFE AS A FUGITIVE--= 9 #aicb & AGA9 9 #aicc HE MET ) HIS GR\P AT ! HOME ( HIS SI/]1 ,LIB]TAD ,ROD5AS1 ! COMPANION ( ,JOSE ,VIADIU1 A SYNDICALI/ :O WAS A V]Y CLOSE ASSOCIATE ( ! ASSASS9AT$ ,SALVADOR ,SEGUI4 ,! GR\P WAS COMPOS$ ( ,JOAQU91 A P]SON NAM$ ,CASAS--P]HAPS ,LUIS ,CASAS ,CAZORLAS1 TW5TY YE>S OLD1 A BRICKLAY]1 BORN 9 ,SANTA ,CRUZ1 9 ,ALM]IA--SOMEONE NAM$ ,CASANOVAS & ,JOSE ,P]EZ1 A NAME ?AT WAS TOO COMMON TO BE ABLE TO ID5TIFY ?IS P]SON ) C]TA9TY4 ,IT IS POSSIBLE ?AT HIS C\S9 ,M>CEL9O WAS ALSO 9VOLV$ 9 ?IS GR\P1 S9CE HE WAS LAT] IMPLICAT$ 9 A WEAPONS *>GE = :I* HE WAS S5T5C$ 9 ,APRIL #a#i#c#b4.<#c.> ,! ORGANIZATION ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES WAS COMPLET$ 9 ,DECEMB] & ,JOAQU9 WORK$ ) ! 0SEW] DETA*M5T0 L$ BY ,RIC>DO ,SANZ1 :O WAS RESPONSIBLE = 9/ALL+ SEV]AL OXYG5 TANKS FULL ( DYNAMITE 9 ! DRA9PIPES UND] ! ,G5]AL ,(FICE = ,SECURITY1 ON ! ,VIA ,LAYETANA4 ,9 HIS BOOK1 ,PIQU]AS PO9TS \T ?AT ! GR\P PLANT$ SEV]AL BOMBS NE> ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,(FICE ( ! ,POLICE ,*IEF1.<#d.> A MISSION ?AT WAS UND\BT$LY CONNECT$ ) ! PREP>ATIONS = ! MOVEM5T ( ,JANU>Y #h1 #a#i#c#c4 ,! PRESS1 H[EV]1 M5TION$ ! ?R[+ ( BOMBS AT ! MA9 DOOR1 :I* BLA/$ AN 5ORM\S HOLE 9 ! BUILD+4.<#e.> 

,! 9SURRECTION WAS ABORT$ ) ! >RE/ ( ! REVOLUTION>Y COMMITTEE ?AT WAS SUPPOS$ TO LEAD IT4 ,IT TOOK PLACE ANYWAY1 LEAV+ A TRAIL ( DEA?S & >RE/S4 ,! MASSACRE ( ,CASAS ,VIEJAS \TRAG$ NOT ONLY ! CONF$]AL MILITANTS1 BUT ALSO ! CON/ITU5CIES ?AT SUPPORT$ ! GOV]NM5T4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! 9SURRECTIONAL DYNAMIC M]ELY WID5$ ! GAP BETWE5 ! 0TRE9TI/AS0 & ! 0FAI/AS01 LEAV+ ! ,ORGANIZATION PRACTICALLY SPLIT AFT] ! ,M>* ,PL5UM4 ,DESPITE ! FACT ?AT N9E ?\S& ( !IR MEMB]S W]E 9 JAIL1 ! TRADE UNIONS CONT9U$ TO /AGE WILDCAT /RIKES1 :I* ,AZANA ATTEMPT$ TO BREAK BY TRANSF]R+ ! RESPONSIBILITY = PUBLIC ORD] TO ! ,G5]ALITAT4 ,FROM ?AT MOM5T ON1 ! ,G5]ALITAT WAS ! 5=C] = ! B\RGEOISIE1 CLOS+ TRADE UNION (FICES & WORK+ CLASS CULTURAL C5T]S1 >RE/+ MILITANTS & MOBILIZ+ /RIKEBREAK]S4 ,! ,C,N,T NE$$ A DISPLAY ( =CE TO F5D (F ! WAVE ( REPRESSION UNLEA%$ BY ! ,GOV]NM5T & ! ,G5]ALITAT ) ! SUPPORT ( ! SOCIALI/S4 ,PIQU]AS RELATES ?AT ,JOAQU91 :5EV] !RE WAS A RALLY1 :E!R AT ! ,MONUM5TAL >5A OR ! ,OLYMPIA ,!AT]1 NEV] FAIL$ TO ATT5D4 ,HE PACK$ HIS LUN* & W5T TO LI/5 TO HIS COMRADES4 ,ON ,SEPTEMB] #bb HE HAD A *ANCE TO ATT5D ! FIR/ SU* RALLY1 AT ! ,MONUM5TAL >5A1 HELD TO DEM& ! RELEASE ( ! SOCIAL PRISON]S4 ,! ATT5DANCE AT ! RALLY EXCE$$ ! EXPECTATIONS ( ! ,ORGANIZATION1 ) EI<TY ?\S& WORK]S PACK+ ! >5A1 DEMON/RAT+ ?AT ! ,C,N,T WAS ! ONLY =CE ?AT WAS REALLY CAPABLE ( CONFRONT+ ! B\RGEOISIE & ! ,/ATE4 ,! SPEAK]S D5\NC$ ! 0,MON>*I/0 LAWS PROMULGAT$ BY ! ,REPUBLIC1 SU* AS ! LAW ( ,APRIL #h1 ! LAW ( ,PUBLIC ,ORD] & ! LAW ( ,VAGRANTS & ,MISCREANTS1 CALL+ = !IR REPEAL2 !Y RECALL$ ?AT ,DURRUTI1 ,ASCASO & ,COMB9A W]E PRISON]S 9 ! JAIL AT ,SANTA ,M>IA1 & REM9D$ ! WORK]S ( ! ATTACK ON ! MUNICIPAL C\NCIL ( ,T>RASA & ! PEASANTS :O W]E MURD]$ AT ,CASAS ,VIEJAS2 !Y D5\NC$ 0TRE9TISMO0 AS C[>DLY & CAPITULATIONI/1 & CRITICIZ$ ! GREAT LIE ( B\RGEOIS DEMOCRACY1 READY AT ANY MOM5T TO TRANS=M ITSELF 9TO A DICTATOR%IP :5EV] ! PEOPLE REBELL$4 ,! SPEAK]S W>N$ ( ! DANG] ( AN EV5 MORE VIOL5T REACTION AS ! B\RGEOIS SOLUTION TO ! CRISIS1 TO PREV5T ! PROLET>IAT FROM LAUN*+ ! REVOLUTION & E/ABLI%+ LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4.<#f.> ,JOAQU9 HAD TO LEAVE LATE ?AT NI<T1 IMPRESS$4 ,! RALLY WAS ! IDEAL MEANS TO TRANSMIT ! CONF$]AL /RATEGY TO ! :OLE WORK+ CLASS1 & WAS AS P$AGOGICAL AS IT WAS PROPAG&I/IC4 ,AS = ,JOAQU9'S GR\P1 IT BEGAN TO WORK ON A PLAN TO RESCUE ! PRISON]S FROM ! ,MODELO PRISON4 

,BY ,OCTOB] ,JOAQU9 HAD MADE CONTACT ) ! ,MODELO PRISON]S :O HAD CONCEIV$ ( ! BREAK\T PLAN1 ,ADOLFO ,BALLANO & ,P$RO ,CAMPON1 :O HAD BE5 >RE/$ = A ROBB]Y AT ! ,ORO DEL ,RH9 CAFE4 ,JOAQU9'S GR\P HAD OBTA9$ A MAP ( ! ,B>CELONA SEW] SY/EM1 :I* DEPICT$ ! SEW] L9ES ?AT PASS$ B5EA? ! PRISON1 & !Y SOON BEGAN TO WORK ON DIGG+ A TUNNEL4 ,! PRISON]S1 = !IR P>T1 BEGAN TO EXCAVATE !IR 5D ( ! TUNNEL 9 A FIR/ FLOOR CELL 9 ,CELL ,BLOCK ,?REE1 DISPOS+ ( ! SOIL BY FLU%+ IT D[N ! TOILETS OR BY DEPOSIT+ IT 9 ! PRISON'S G>BAGE TRUCK1 OR ELSE !Y DUMP$ IT 9 AN UNUS$ CELL BLOCK ( ! PRISON4 ,MEAN:ILE1 ,JOAQU9 HAD BECOME ACQUA9T$ ) ?OSE :O W\LD LAT] =M ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P3 HE ALREADY KNEW ,PABLO ,RUIZ2 ,ANTONIO ,P]EZ & ,JOSE ,PANIAGUA W]E CONFID5TIAL ASSOCIATES ( ,PROGRESO1 :O ALSO 9TRODUC$ HIM TO ,JAIME ,BALIUS1 ! $ITOR ( ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD4 ,HE LAT] MET ,FELIX ,M>T9EZ1 A D>+ HOLDUP >TI/1 & A SKILL$ AUTOMOBILE DRIV]1 :O ON V>I\S OCCASIONS ACT$ AS ! GR\P'S *AUFFEUR4 ,! 5VIRONM5T WAS T5SE2 ! POLITICAL CRISIS HAD RIS5 ON ! CRE/ ( ! OPPOSITION TO ,L]R\X1 AN OLD POPULI/ DEMAGOGUE :O WAS SECRETLY ALLI$ ) ! AGR>IAN RI<T W+ & ! MILIT>Y CONSPIRATORS4 ,A VICTORY = HIS P>TY W\LD HAVE IMPLI$ ! RISE ( ! ,SPANI% FASCISM AGA9/ :I* ! ,C,N,T PROMIS$ A REVOLUTION>Y RESPONSE ?AT W\LD BYPASS ! VOT+ BOO?S4 ,! ELECTORAL QUE/ION WAS ! MO/ IMPORTANT PO9T ( FRICTION ) ! POLITICAL P>TIES1 BECAUSE1 ) ! ELECTIONS JU/ >\ND ! CORN]1 ! 0,LEFT01 ! SOCIALI/S1 ! COMMUNI/S & ! TRE9TI/AS FE>$ ?AT ! AB/5TIONI/ TACTIC ( ! LIB]T>IANS W\LD FRU/RATE !IR P>LIAM5T>Y HOPES4 ,A HUGE RALLY W\LD MAKE EV]Y?+ CLE>4 ,ONCE AGA91 ! ,C,N,T ASSEMBL$ ! PROLET>IAT 9 ! ,MONUM5TAL /ADIUM1 :I* WAS FILL$ TO CAPACITY1 TO SPEAK ( AMNE/Y1 AB/5TION & ! FASCI/ ?REAT4 ,! RALLY WAS ATT5D$ BY ONE HUNDR$ ?\S& PEOPLE1 :O CAME FROM EV]Y CORN] ( ,CATALONIA TO LI/5 TO ! SPEAK]S SET =? !IR ANALYZES ( ! SITUATION & TO PROCLAIM ! MAXIMUM DEM&S ( ! WORK]S4 ,DURRUTI G>N]$ CLAMOR\S APPLAUSE1 ESPECIALLY :5 HE SAID ?AT !RE IS ANO!R UNIV]SITY1 ! ONE ATT5D$ BY ?OSE :O GET UP AT SIX 9 ! MORN+2 ! FACTORY :]E WE LE>N$ TO WORK2 WE >E WISE M5 ) TOOLS 9 \R H&S4 ,WE WILL NOT ALL[ ANYONE TO TELL US ?AT BECAUSE WE DO NOT KN[ H[ TO READ WE DO NOT HAVE ! RI<T TO EMANCIPATE \RSELVES1 TO CONCLUDE ) ! /ATEM5T ?AT ! ,C,N,T IS NOT GO+ TO CONQU] ,P>LIAM5T1 IT IS GO+ TO CONQU] ! FACTORY4 ,VAL]IANO ,OROBON ,F]N&EZ1 ! LEAD+ !ORETICIAN & /RATEGI/ ( ! CONF$]AL ,ORGANIZATION1 ALSO SPOKE AT ! RALLY1 S]V+ AS A C\NT]PO9T TO ,DURRUTI'S ADDRESS4 ,HE CONCLUD$ HIS SPEE* ) ! FOLL[+ MAXIMS3 ,?OSE :O VOTE1 HELP ! ,/ATE2 ,! ,C,N,T HAS WON ! ELECTIONS \TSIDE ( ! BALLOT BOXES2 ,! SOCIAL QUE/ION IS A QUE/ION ( =CE4.<#g.> ,! O!R SPEAK]S DID NOT DISAPPO9T ! CR[D & ! RALLY 5D$ ) 0,VIVAS0 = ! SOCIAL REVOLUTION & LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM4 ,! MORALE ( ! WORK+ CLASS ROSE TO SU* A PIT* ?AT IT C\LD NOT WAIT TO GO ON /RIKE4 ,ON ,NOVEMB] #a#h1 ! DAY BE=E ! ELECTIONS1 ) ,JOAQU9 TRY+ TO 5L>GE ! DIAMET] ( ! SEW] & DIV]T ! FL[ ( ! WAT] SO ?AT ! ESCAPEES W\LD NOT BE DR5*$1 ! ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION W5T \T ON /RIKE )\T NOTIFY+ ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION4 ,SOME TRADE UNIONS !N JO9$ ! /RIKE & A FEW DAYS LAT] ! DEP>TM5T ( ,PUBLIC ,ORD] ( ! ,G5]ALITAT MOBILIZ$ ?\S&S ( 0ESCAMOTS0 .</RIKEBREAK]S :O W]E MEMB]S ( ! P>AMILIT>Y Y\? GANGS ( ! ,ESQU]RA ,REPUBLICANA DE ,CATALUNA1 ! ,CATALONIAN ,REPUBLICAN ,LEFT.> FROM AMONG ! ,JUV5TUDES DE ,ESQU]RA 9 ORD] TO KEEP ! SUBWAYS1 ! TROLLEYS & ! BUSSES RUNN+4 ,! CLA%ES BETWE5 ! SEP>ATI/S UND] ,MIQUEL ,BADIA & ! SYNDICALI/S CULM9AT$ 9 A HAIL ( GUNFIRE4 ,TWO YE>S LAT]1 ,BADIA W\LD PAY = HIS ACTIONS4 ,ON ,DECEMB] #b1 A 0/ATE ( EM]G5CY0 WAS DECL>$ ?R\<\T ,SPA9 9 ORD] TO FACILITATE ! TRANSF] ( P[] TO ! ,L]R\X GOV]NM5T1 ! LOCAL (FICES ( ! ,C,N,T TRADE UNIONS W]E CLOS$ & ! DAILY NEWSPAP] ( ! ,C,N,T1 ,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A1 WAS %UT D[N4 ,! TROLLEYS W]E MILIT>IZ$2 !Y W]E DRIV5 BY M>9ES & ESCORT$ BY /RIKEBREAK]S & ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,! VICTORY ( ! RI<T W+ P>TIES =C$ ! ,C,N,T TO FULFILL ITS PROMISES1 UNLEA%+ AN 9SURRECTION ON ,DECEMB] #h :OSE M9OR IMPACT 9 ,B>CELONA L$ TO ! ABRUPT 5D ( ! /RIKE4 

,! EMB]S ( ! WORK]S UPRIS+ W]E H>DLY QU5*$ :51 ON ,DECEMB] #a#b1 ! MASS PRISON BREAK\T PREP>$ BY ,JOAQU9'S GR\P TOOK PLACE4 ,A TOTAL ( FIFTY-EI<T PRISON]S ESCAP$1 M5 :O HAD BE5 CONVICT$ ( SABOTAGE1 PICKET+1 EXPROPRIATIONS1 9VOLVEM5T 9 ! EV5TS AT ,T>RASA1 & P>TICIPATION 9 ! MO/ REC5T 9SURRECTION4 ,SOME W]E \T/&+ AN>*I/ ACTIVI/S1 SU* AS ,JU/O ,BU5O & ,LUCIO ,RUANO2 O!RS1 LIKE ,ALFONSO ,NIEVES1 W]E WRIT]S ASSOCIAT$ ) ! ,F,A,I4 ,TWO ESCAPE R\TES W]E PREP>$1 ONE BY WAY ( ,CALABRIA ,/REET & ANO!R ?R\< A VACANT LOT NEXT TO ! ,MAT]NITY ,HOSPITAL4 ,! EM]G5CE ( ! PRISON]S FROM ! SEW] MANHOLES 9 ! /REET ATTRACT$ ! ATT5TION ( BY/&]S & SOMEONE NOTIFI$ ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS1 :O W]E ABLE TO CAPTURE SOME ( ! PRISON]S AS !Y EXIT$ ! SEW] & ALSO >RE/$ SOME TOTALLY 9NOC5T PEOPLE :O W]E AT ! SC5E AS ONLOOK]S4 ,! ESCAPE CAUS$ A S5SATION & ! PRESID5T ( ! ,SUPREME ,C\RT HIMSELF1 ,ANGU]A DE ,SOJO1 ! FUTURE M9I/] ( ! MO/ BACKW>DS REACTION>Y T5D5CY1 APPO9T$ A SPECIAL EXAM9+ MAGI/RATE & PLAC$ HIM AT ! HEAD ( ! COMMISSION ( 9QUIRY4 ,! GU>DS ( ,CELL ,BLOCK ,?REE & ! ,PRISON ,W>D5 W]E RELIEV$ ( !IR DUTIES & PUT ON TRIAL4.<#h.> ,! F\R 0QUIJOTES0 DID NOT WAIT V]Y LONG BE=E !Y UND]TOOK A SECOND ADV5TURE4 ,! TRANSPORT /RIKE HAD FAIL$1 & ONE HUNDR$ & FIFTY TROLLEY DRIV]S & CONDUCTORS HAD BE5 FIR$1 & ! NEW EMPLOYES HAD NO REC\RSE 9 ! FACE ( EXECUTIVES /R5G!N$ & PROTECT$ BY ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! CRITICISMS ( ! TRE9TI/AS :O PO9T$ \T ! MI/AKE ( HAV+ L9K$ ! /RIKE TO ! 9SURRECTION OP5$ UP OLD W\NDS4.<#i.> ,! ,TRANSPORT ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION ELECT$ TO UTILIZE A TACTIC ( SABOTAGE1 %OOT+S & ASSAULTS ON ! COMPANY EXECUTIVES4 ,JOAQU9'S GR\P WAS 9=M$ ?AT ! ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,TROLLEY ,COMPANY LIV$ 9 A H\SE LOCAT$ ON ! GR\NDS ( ONE ( ! TROLLEY DEPOTS1 9 ! ,HORTA NEI<BORHOOD1 & ! GR\P DECID$ TO TEA* HIM A LESSON4 ,ONLY ONE MEMB] ( ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I WAS NOTIFI$ ( ! PLAN4 ,! MISSION WAS C>RI$ \T ON ,MAY #b#f1 UND]GR\ND1 BY WAY ( ! SEW] SY/EM1 :I* WAS ,JOAQU9'S >EA ( EXP]TIZE1 UNTIL ! TEAM REA*$ ! F\NDATIONS ( ! ,DIRECTOR'S H\SE4 ,!Y DEVIS$ A K9D ( TROLLEY TO C>RY ! DYNAMITE1 :I* WAS QUITE HEAVY4 ,ONCE BEL[ ! H\SE1 !Y PLANT$ A CAULDRON FILL$ ) ?IRTY KILOS ( EXPLOSIVES1 &1 =TY MET]S AWAY1 AT ! TROLLEY G>AGE1 9 ! PA9T+ WORK%OP1 !Y LEFT ANO!R CAULDRON PACK$ ) ANO!R TW5TY-FIVE KILOS ( EXPLOSIVES1 CONNECT$ TO ! FIR/ BOMB4 ,!Y CONCEAL$ ! FUZES & BE=E LEAV+1 !Y LIT !M4 ,! EXPLOSIONS W]E FELT ?R\<\T ALMO/ ! 5TIRE CITY4 ,JOAQU91 :O1 ON ! DAY AFT] ! BOMB+1 W5T TO ! TROLLEY DEPOT TO SEE ! RESULTS1 BEHELD ! RO(S ( ! TROLLEYS BL[N (F1 ) SOME WRECK$ TROLLEY C>S /ILL BURN+4.<#a.> ,AS = ! HOME ( ! ,DIRECTOR ( ! ,TROLLEY ,COMPANY1 IT HAD COLLAPS$ AS IF BY MAGIC2 HIS B$ HUNG FROM ! WALL LIKE A PA9T+1 :I* WAS C]TA9LY A S\RCE ( 5T]TA9M5T = PASS]SBY4.<#a#a.> ,! ,COMPANY1 H[EV]1 DID NOT YIELD1 & ! SABOTAGE CAMPAIGN CONT9U$ ?R\< ! SUMM]4 

,! ,C,N,T WAS EXHAU/$ & ISOLAT$1 & ! QUE/ION ( ! 0WORK]S ALLIANCE0 ) ! ,U,G,T & ! S*ISMATIC RE=MI/ TRADE UNIONS GAVE RISE TO BITT] POLEMICS4 ,9 ,CATALONIA1 BASICALLY DUE TO ! PRES5CE AMONG ! CONSPIRATORS ( REPRES5TATIVES ( ! ,ESQU]RA1 ! ,C,N,T'S BITT] 5EMY DUR+ ITS MO/ REC5T BATTLES1 ! ,CATALONIAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE AB/A9$ FROM P>TICIPAT+ 9 ! 9SURRECTION ( ,OCTOB] #a#i#c#d1 :ILE ! ,A/URIAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T DID JU/ ! OPPOSITE & JO9$ ! 9SURRECTION2 YET ! ,CATALONIAN ,C,N,T WAS NOT !REBY EXEMPT$ FROM ! SUBSEQU5T WAVE ( P]SECUTION4 ,NONE!LESS1 9 ,B>CELONA1 ! TROLLEY WORK]S /RIKE CONT9U$ )\T CONC]N = ! POLITICAL EV5TS ( ! MOM5T2 ! TROLLEY DEPOTS AT ! ,PLAZA ,LESSEPS W]E BURN$1 V>I\S TRAFFIC SIGNALS W]E DE/ROY$1 & !RE W]E SOME TRAGIC %OOT+S4 ,AN ACTION GR\P /OPP$ A TROLLEY ON ,C>OL9AS ,/REET1 ORD]$ ! PASS5G]S TO EVACUATE ! TROLLEY1 & !N SET IT ON FIRE1 S5D+ IT C>E5+ ?R\< ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA )\T /OPP+1 UNTIL IT CRA%$ 9TO ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE ,BUILD+4 ,%OCK$ BY SU* AUDACITY1 ,GIL ,ROBLES1 ! ,M9I/] ( ,W>1 DECL>$ A /ATE ( EM]G5CY4 ,9 #aice ! ,C,N,T HAD MORE ( ITS MILITANTS IMPRISON$ ?AN ALL ! O!R WORK+ CLASS ORGANIZATIONS COMB9$ & IT />T$ TO BECOME AW>E ( ! IMPOSSIBILITY ( C>RY+ \T ! REVOLUTION )\T ! HELP ( O!R =CES4 ,! ,C,N,T !RE=E 5GAG$ 9 AN EF=T TO TRY TO OP5 UP L9ES ( COMMUNICATION ) ! O!R ORGANIZATIONS1 TO :I* ! ,C,N,T DIRECT$ TIMID RECTIFICATIONS OR CL>IFICATIONS1 = ! PURPOSE ( FREE+ ! PRISON]S4 ,JOAQU9 WAS ALWAYS V]Y C>EFUL & AL?\< ,PIQU]AS M5TION$ ?AT HE SP5T SOME TIME 9 ! ,MODELO1 IF ?IS WAS REALLY TRUE1 IT WAS M]ELY A M9OR 9CID5T4 ,! 9/ABILITY ( ! RI<T W+ GOV]NM5TS ALL[$ ! ,C,N,T TO EM]GE FROM CL&E/9ITY AT ! 5D ( ! YE> TO DEMON/RATE AGA9/ ! DEA? P5ALTY & TO DEM& AMNE/Y 9 SEV]AL RALLIES AT ! ,OLYMPIA ,!AT]4 ,AT !SE RALLIES1 ,JOAQU9 HE>D ,DURRUTI1 ,COMB9A1 ,ASCASO1 ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,C>R5O REAFFIRM AN>*I/ IDEALS & EXHORT ! AUDI5CE TO PREP>E TO MEET ! FASCI/ ?REAT1 =1 N[ ?AT ! 0DEMOCRATIC0 /AGE HAD CONCLUD$1 ! ,SPANI% REACTION>IES W]E MAK+ GREAT /RIDES T[>DS A MILIT>Y C\P4 ,9 HIS NEI<BORHOOD1 ,SANTS1 ,JOAQU9 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE & AWAIT$ ! TIME = ACTION4 

,I,I,I 

,ON ,JULY #a#i1 ALL ! CONF$]AL & AN>*I/ DEF5SE GR\PS ( ! CITY ( ,B>CELONA SP5T TWO DAYS )\T SLEEP+1 PATROLL+ & GU>D+ ALL ! /RATEGIC POSITIONS = 5TRY 9TO & EXIT FROM ! CITY4444 ,>M$ ONLY ) CLUBS1 PI/OLS1 %OTGUNS & H&-MADE GR5ADES1 ! M5 & WOM5 ( ! ,COMMITTEE ( ,SANTS1 TOGE!R ) ! ,LIB]T>IAN ,Y\? ( ! NEI<BORHOOD ,CULTURAL ,C5T] .<,AT5EO.>1 #a#g- & #a#h-YE>-OLD BOYS1 W5T TO FI<T A COMPANY ( 9FANTRY COM+ FROM ! ,P$RALBES ,B>RACKS4 ,! SOLDI]S W]E EQUIPP$ ) A SEV5-9* >TILL]Y PIECE ?AT !Y AIM$ AT ! GR\PS ( PEOPLE ?AT SURR\ND$ !M1 %\T+1 9 ORD] TO DECEIVE !M1 0,VIVA LA ,REPUBLICA6 ,VIVA ,ESPANA60 ,:5 ?IS UNIT REA*$ ! ,GRAN ,VIA1 GR\PS ( WORK]S 5GAG$ !M 9 AN EX*ANGE ( GUNFIRE FROM ! OP5+S ( ! CROSS-/REETS ON BO? SIDES ( ! AV5UE4 ,IT DID NOT TAKE LONG = ! COMPANY ( SOLDI]S TO COME TO A HALT & !N DISP]SE1 AS !Y BEGAN TO FRAT]NIZE ) ! CR[D & SURR5D] !IR WEAPONS4 ,UPON ITS DEP>TURE FROM ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA1 ! >M$ WORK]S FROM ,SANTS TURN$ LEFT ) !IR REC5TLY CONQU]$ >TILL]Y PIECE & >RIV$ AT ! GATES ( A MONA/]Y1 CLOSE TO ! ,P$R]A BUILD+1 :I* !Y ATTACK$4 ,!Y F\ND ! MONKS HID+ 9 ! CELL>1 ALONGSIDE REC5TLY BURI$ CORPSES4 ,LAT]1 !Y RETURN$ TO ,SANTS TO SUPPRESS A REBEL /RON<OLD 9 A *UR* CLOSE TO ! TROLLEY DEPOT4 ,:5 !Y 5T]$ ! *UR* ! FASCI/S HAD FL$ BY WAY ( A SECRET PASSAGE ?AT L$ TO ! TRA9 TRACKS4.<#a#b.> ,)\T PAY+ ANY ATT5TION TO ! DELIB]ATIONS ( ! MEET+S ( ! RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES & LEAD+ MILITANTS ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 ! COMBATANTS ( ! PREVI\S DAY1 ALMO/ )\T RECOV]+ FROM !IR FATIGUE1 DEP>T$ = ,>AGON ) ,DURRUTI & LIB]AT$ ,CASPE1 ,C&OSNOS1 ,BUJ>ALOZ1 & ,P9A Y ,GELSA4 ,JOAQU9 F9ALLY GOT TO KN[ ,DURRUTI6 ,BEH9D ! FRONT1 ! DILEMMA ( :E!R TO DECL>E LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM OR COLLABORATE ) ! ,G5]ALITAT WAS RESOLV$ 9 FAVOR ( ! LATT] OPTION4 ,! COMPLETE VICTORY ( ! WORK]S HAD LA/$ ONLY =TY-EI<T H\RS4 

,! (F5SIVE WAS /ALL$ AT ,OS]A4 ,DURRUTI HAD RECEIV$ ! ORD] FROM ,B>CELONA NOT TO CONT9UE HIS ADVANCE UNTIL ! COLUMNS PROCE$+ UP ! LEFT BANK ( ! ,EBRO CAU<T UP TO HIS UNITS1 BUT !SE COLUMNS W]E BR\<T TO A HALT BE=E ! DEF5SES ( ,QU9TO & ,BEL*ITE4 ,! ,DURRUTI ,COLUMN DEVOT$ ITSELF TO ORGANIZ+ ITS UNITS 9TO C5TURIES & PLATOONS1 &1 9 ORD] TO AVOID ! DANG]S ( 9ACTIVITY1 ! ,COLUMN 5GAG$ 9 WORK RELAT$ TO ! SOCIAL QUE/ION 9 ! C\NTRYSIDE4 ,ONE ( ,DURRUTI'S UNITS W\LD (F] ! L& ( ! CACIQUES .<RI* L&[N]S.> TO ! PEOPLE SO ?AT !Y C\LD CULTIVATE IT COLLECTIVELY4 ,JOAQU9 PLAY$ A SIGNIFICANT ROLE 9 ! CON/RUCTION ( LIB]T>IAN COMMUNISM 9 ,P9A Y ,GELSA1 :I* HAD >IS5 FROM ! MUTUAL COMMITM5T & SOLID>ITY ( ! MILITIAM5 & ! PEASANTS3 ,!RE ,I WAS ) MY RIFLE1 & :5 !RE WAS NO DANG]1 Y\ SAW ME WORK+ ALONGSIDE ! PEASANTS1 REAP+ :EAT1 OR PULL+ WE$S1 OR DIGG+ POTATOES4444.<#a#c.> ,! MEET+S ATT5D$ BY PEASANTS & MILITIAM51 ! EXPLANATION ( AN>*O-COMMUNI/ PR9CIPLES1 ! ALLOTM5T ( TASKS1 B>T]1 ETC41 WAS AN EXP]I5CE :I* ,JOAQU9 P>TICIPAT$ 9 ) GREAT JOY4 ,9DE$1 ! MILITIAM5 ( ! ,FOOD ,S]VICE ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION =M$ A GR\P !Y CALL$ 0,ACCION Y ,ALEGRIA0 .<,ACTION & ,JOY.>4 ,IT WAS COMPOS$ EXCLUSIVELY ( COMRADES1.<#a#d.> ?AT IS1 ( AN>*I/S1 SIXTY-TWO 9 NUMB]1 ALL ( :OM JO9$ ! ,COLUMN BE=E ,SEPTEMB]4 ,ITS DELEGATE WAS ,ANTONIO ,P]EZ ,VAL]A1 ! COMRADE 9 >MS ( ,PROGRESO ,ROD5AS1 & ITS MEMB]S 9CLUD$ ,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ & ,M>CEL9O ,B5$ICTO1 ACCORD+ TO A REPORT SIGN$ BY ,ANTONIO HIMSELF & ! ASSI/ANT DELEGATE = /ATI/ICS1 ,FRANCISCO ,JORR94.<#a#e.> ,! GR\P WAS ASSIGN$ TO A PO/ AT ! ,ME&RO DE ,BELLOQUE .<A B5D 9 ! ,EBRO ,RIV].>1 NE> ,KILOMET] #d ( ! RAILWAY L9E1 FAC+ ,QU9TO1 FROM :I* ITS MEMB]S KEPT WAT* ON ! MOVEM5TS ( ! 5EMY & DUG TWO L9ES ( TR5*ES4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] ! GR\P HAD A TOTAL ( N9ETY MILITIAM51 MANN+ ! TR5*ES & OBS]VATION PO/S4.<#a#f.> ,JOAQU9 REPEAT$LY CLAIM$ ?AT HE WAS A MEMB] ( ,C5TURY #b#a1 :I* IS CONSI/5T ) ! FACT ?AT ! ,FIF? ,GR\P1 TO :I* ?AT ,C5TURY BELONG$1 OCCUPI$ ! ROADS NE> ! ,EBRO BETWE5 ,P9A & ,GELSA1 & ,BELLOQUE WAS BETWE5 !SE T[NS4 ,! ,F\R? ,GR\P WAS PO/$ AT ,GELSA2 ITS DELEGATE WAS ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ASSI/$ BY A COMMITTEE ( W> FEATUR+ ,PROGRESO1 ,$U>DO ,C]V]O1 ,JOSE ,PANIAGUA & ! Y\NG ,JOSE ,ALBA ,ALB]T1 A ME*ANIC4 ,FELIX ,M>T9EZ JO9$ ?IS COMMITTEE LAT]4 ,!IR COMRADES 9 ACTION1 ,JOSE ,P]EZ & ,LUIS ,CASAS1 W]E ALSO MEMB]S ( ! ,C5TURIES4 ,! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GR\P WAS PO/$ ON ! O!R SIDE ( ,GELSA1 9 ,VELILLA4 ,GIV5 ! POSITION !Y OCCUPI$1 ! MILIT>Y EF=TS ( !SE UNITS W]E FOCUS$ ON ,QU9TO1 :I* !Y %ELL$ ) TWO MOBILE BATT]IES ( >TILL]Y :5 !Y HAD MUNITIONS4 ,! %ORTAGE ( >MS & AMMUNITION WAS CRUELLY FELT 9 ?IS SECTOR & ,JOAQU9 REC\NTS ?AT ,C5TURY #b#a1 >\ND ,NOVEMB]1 S5T A LETT] TO ,L>GO ,CABALL]O DEM&+ >MS4 ,AT ?AT TIME1 MILIT>IZATION WAS ! ,SWORD ( ,DAMOCLES ?AT WAS POIS$ OV] !IR HEADS4 ,MO/ MILITIAM5 REJECT$ MILIT>IZATION & ,DURRUTI1 %ORTLY BE=E HIS FAM\S RADIO ADDRESS1 SIGN$ A DECL>ATION E*O+ ! G5]AL S5TIM5T ( HIS ,COLUMN4 

,! ,C,N,T'S 5TRY 9TO ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ) F\R ,M9I/]S1 WAS A H>D BL[ = ! REVOLUTION>Y MILITANTS3 ORGANIZATIONS ?AT HAD ALWAYS F\<T AGA9/ ALL K9DS ( GOV]NM5TS ) ! SAME WEAPONS ?AT ?OSE GOV]NM5TS EMPLOY$ AGA9/ !M--AN EYE = AN EYE1 A TOO? = A TOO?--FOLD$4 ,= ,JOAQU9 ?IS CAPITULATION DISCR$IT$ ! LIB]T>IANS 9 ! EYES ( ! WORLD'S REVOLUTION>IES3 ,I WAS ALWAYS AGA9/ ?AT FALSE /EP BY :I* POLITICAL COLLABORATION WAS ACCEPT$4 ,9 JU/ A FEW DAYS1 ! ,C,N,T BECAME JU/ ANO!R P>TY1 SUBJECT TO ! 0ORD] & COMM&0 ( ! ,GOV]NM5T ( ! ,SPANI% ,REPUBLIC4 ,& ,JOAQU9 ANGRILY CLAIM$ ?AT BY ACCEPT+ POLITICAL COLLABORATION 9 ! NAME ( AN>*ISM1 IT BECAME QUITE CLE> ?AT \R REASON = EXI/5CE1 \R DEF5SE1 WAS H&$ OV]1 B\ND H& & FOOT1 TO \R 5EMIES1 & ALL = A H&FUL ( ,M9I/]IAL POSITIONS4444 ,HE SP>ES NO 9SULTS 9 HIS D5UNCIATION ( ! 0,SUP]IOR ,COMMITTEES ( ! ,ORGANIZATION03 TRAITORS1 VULTURES1 SELL\TS1 ALT> BOYS4444 ,IT IS UND]/OOD ?AT1 ONCE ! ,C,N,T WAS 9SIDE ! ,GOV]NM5T1 ! MILIT>IZATION ( ! CONF$]AL COLUMNS W\LD NOT TAKE LONG1 ESPECIALLY AFT] ! DEA? ( ,DURRUTI4 ,9 ,GELSA1 !Y C\LD NOT BELIEVE IT2 AN >MY1 EV5 IF POPUL>1 WAS /ILL AN >MY1 & !RE=E A ?REAT TO ! ,REVOLUTION4 ,EV5 IF ! W> WAS WON1 ?+S W\LD /AY ! SAME2 ! ,REVOLUTION W\LD BE 9 ABEYANCE4 ,BUT RETURN+ TO ! RE>GU>D WAS NOT A GOOD DECISION IF A WAY C\LD BE F\ND TO /AY AT ! FRONT3 9 ,GELSA !Y SPOKE ( IRREGUL>S & GU]RILLA UNITS4 ,BUT = SOME COMRADES ?IS IDEA CAU<T !IR FANCY1 ESPECIALLY = ?OSE :O ASPIR$ TO OBTA9 A HI< LEVEL (FIC]'S COMMISSION4.<#a#g.> ,AS ! ADVOCATES ( MILIT>IZATION1 SUPPORT$ BY ! LEAD+ MILITANTS ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES1 GA9$ GR\ND1 MORE & MORE MILITIAM5 DES]T$4 ,PRESSURE WAS EX]T$1 & BRIBES W]E (F]$2 ,JOAQU9 WAS (F]$ ,CAPTA9'S />S BY A C]TA9 ,M>TORELL1 :O WORK$ = ! MILIT>Y COMMITTEE ( ! ,COLUMN1 IF HE W\LD JO9 ! NEW ,DIVISION4 ,HE RESPOND$ BY SAY+ ?AT Y\ CAN TAKE Y\R />S & %OVE !M UP Y\R ASS4 ,! ,F\R? ,GR\P1 ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GR\P & ! ,ACTION & ,JOY ,GR\P PUBLI%$ !IR C\NT]-PROPOSAL = GR\PS1 9FANTRY GR\PS1 SQUADS & SECTIONS1 9 A LEAFLET DAT$ ,JANU>Y #h1 #a#i#c#g1 ,GELSA4 ,! OP9ION ( ! MAJORITY OPPOS$ TO HI]>*ICAL RANKS WAS AS FOLL[S3 

,IT W\LD BE *ILDI% TO ?9K ?AT MILIT>IZATION DOES NOT BE> ! SE$ ( DISA/]1 S9CE IT IS SUBORD9ATION1 NEGATION1 &1 FRANKLY1 BE=E WE >E SOLDI]S WE >E M54 ,IF BY *ANCE WE W]E TO C>RY \T AN ASSESSM5T ( ! PA/1 WE W\LD SEE ?AT ) 9F]IOR >MS WE DEFEAT$ A P[]FUL MOD]N >MY ?AT NE$S =EIGN SUPPORT TO CONT9UE ! W>4 ,! ONLY ?+ WE NE$ IS ! (F5SIVE WEAPONRY ?AT WILL MAKE VICTORY POSSIBLE4 

,WE HAVE AN ELEVAT$ CONCEPT ( RESPONSIBILITY ?AT IS NOTORI\SLY 9COMPATIBLE ) ?AT MILIT>Y M5TALITY ?AT IS FATALLY LEAD+ US TO A DICTATOR%IP1 :I* AS CONSCI\S & RESPONSIBLE M5 WE MU/ PREV5T4 ,IF WE DO NOT ACCEPT+ MILIT>IZATION1 IT IS BECAUSE IT CONCEALS SU* AN IMM95T ?REAT ?AT1 IF ONE DOES NOT P]CEIVE IT1 IT IS ONLY BECAUSE ONE EXI/S UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( ! W>4 ,W9N+ ! W> DOES NOT MEAN W9N+ ! REVOLUTION4 ,IF WE W9 ! W> & WE E/ABLI% A BASIS = A NEW MILIT>ISM1 WE %ALL FALL 9TO ! VICE ( B\RGEOIS SOCIETY ?AT 9 ORD] TO LIVE HAS BE5 COMPELL$ TO CON/RUCT ! MONOLI? ( AN OMNIPOT5T & TYRANNICAL ,/ATE4 

,= US1 CONSCI\S M51 MILIT>ISM IS ! SUPREME MANIFE/ATION ( ! ,/ATE4 ,& S9CE WE >E AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 WE MU/ !RE=E REJECT MILIT>IZATION4 

,WE ACCEPT MILIT>Y TE*NOLOGY & /RATEGY1 BUT NOT MILIT>IZATION1 REG>DLESS ( ITS =M4.<#a#h.> 

,! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I ?REAT5$ ! ANTI-MILIT>I/S ( ! ,>AGON ,FRONT ?AT IF !Y DID NOT *ANGE !IR ATTITUDE !Y W\LD FACE ! WOR/ CONSEQU5CES4 ,! MILITIAM5 9 ,GELSA RESPOND$ ON ,JANU>Y #af ) ANO!R MANIFE/O1 :I* WAS ALSO SIGN$ BY ! ,ACTION & ,JOY ,GR\P1 9 :I* !Y REAFFIRM$ !IR POSITIONS & PO9T$ \T ?AT ! PROBLEM WAS NOT ROOT$ 9 ! ORGANIZATION1 BUT 9 ! LACK ( W> MAT]IEL4 ,& NOT EV5 ?AT PROBLEM W\LD BE GU>ANTE$ TO BE SOLV$ ) MILIT>IZATION4 ,!Y TOLD ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES ?AT !IR PROPOSALS = REORGANIZATION ( ! MILITIAS W\LD V9DICATE !M ) REG>D TO ! HI/ORICAL RESPONSIBILITY !Y ASSUM$ BY REJECT+ MILIT>IZATION4.<#a#i.> ,= ,JOAQU91 ,Z>AGOZA WAS LO/ BECAUSE AT ! ONLY OPPORTUNE MOM5T ! NECESS>Y >MAM5TS W]E LACK+4 ,NOT ONLY WAS IT NECESS>Y TO REJECT MILIT>IZATION1 BUT ! W>1 AS WELL2 HE WAS 9 FAVOR ( GU]RILLA W>1 WORK+ BEH9D ! 5EMY'S L9ES1 DE/ROY+ BRIDGES1 HI<WAYS1 B>RACKS1 AIRFIELDS1 RAILROADS1 FACTORIES1 P[] PLANTS & GAS L9ES1 RES]VOIRS1 ETC4.<#b.> ,!Y WON ! SUPPORT ( V>I\S ,C5TURIES ( ! ,COLUMN & A WIDE >RAY ( GR\PS 9 ! RE>GU>D1 & PLAY$ !IR LA/ C>D :5 !IR REPRES5TATIVES APPE>$ BE=E ! ,PL5UM ( ,CONF$]AL & ,LIB]T>IAN ,COLUMNS CONVOK$ 9 ,VAL5CIA BY ! ,IRON ,COLUMN4 ,A PROC$URAL MANEUV] ON ! P>T ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE PREV5T$ ITS DELEGATES FROM SPEAK+1 & IT WAS F9ALLY CLE> = ALL ?OSE PRES5T ?AT ! REJECTION ( MILIT>IZATION WAS A LO/ CAUSE4 ,! ,IRON ,COLUMN VOT$ TO RETURN TO ! RE>GU>D & HOLD A G5]AL ASSEMBLY TO EXAM9E ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! DECISION ?AT HAD BE5 IMPOS$ ON !M4 ,! ,F\R? ,GR\P1 ! ,ACTION & ,JOY ,GR\P1 AB\T HALF ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,GR\P & A H&FUL ( ,C5TURIES W]E 9 FAVOR ( AB&ON+ ! ,FRONT1 BUT NOT )\T TAK+ TWO MA*9E GUNS ALONG ) !M4 ,JOAQU91 ,M>CEL9O & ,JOSE ,P]EZ BO>D$ ONE ( ! TWO TRUCKS COMMISSION$ TO TAKE !M TO ,B>CELONA1 P5ETRAT+ ! *ECKPO9TS MANN$ BY ! COMMUNI/S BY MEANS ( ! SIMPLE EXP$I5T ( DRIV+ RI<T ?R\< !M4 ,IF !Y W]E RETURN+ TO ! RE>GU>D IT WAS = ! PURPOSE ( CONT9U+ ! /RUGGLE1 & !RE=E1 9/EAD ( TRY+ TO CONV9CE EV]YONE >\ND !M ( ! CORRECTNESS ( !IR POSITION1 !Y ISSU$ AN APPEAL = REGR\P+ 9 A NEW ORGANIZATION1 ONE ?AT W\LD BE FAI?FUL TO ! PR9CIPLES ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I :I* !IR LEAD]S HAD AB&ON$1 AN ORGANIZATION ?AT !Y CALL$ ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI4 

,JOAQU9 CONFESS$ ?AT ! 9T]E/ ?AT 9=M$ ! DECISION TO RETURN TO ! RE>GU>D WAS ?AT ( W>N+ ! WORK+ PEOPLE AB\T ! C\NT]REVOLUTION ?AT1 L$ BY ! COMMUNI/S1 WAS ADVANC+ IRRESI/IBLY 9 ! FACE ( ! PASSIVITY ( ! ,COMMITTEES3 ,9 T5 MON?S ( W> WE LO/ N9ETY P]C5T ( :AT WE HAD A*IEV$ ON ,JULY #a#i4 ,9 ,M>* ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI ,GR\P WAS =M$1 ,FELIX ,M>T9EZ WAS NAM$ ,PRESID5T1 & ,JAIME ,BALIUS1 ! ONLY PRE/IGI\S 9TELLECTUAL 9 ! ,GR\P1 WAS APPO9T$ TO ! POSITION ( ,VICE ,PRESID5T4 ,BALIUS PLAC$ ! EV5+ NEWSPAP]1 ,LA ,NO*E1 = :I* HE S]V$ AS $ITOR 9 *IEF1 AT ! S]VICE ( ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE4 ,JOAQU9 PO9T$ \T ?AT OV] ! C\RSE ( TWELVE DAYS MORE ?AN SIX HUNDR$ COMRADES JO9$ ! ,GR\P--,I AM SURE ( ?IS--ALL ( !M MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I4 ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI W]E ! MU/>D SE$1 ! REAL REVOLUTION>IES ( ! 9DE/RUCTIBLE TEMPLE1 ! MO/ LOYAL DEVOTEES ( DIRECT ACTION & SOCIAL JU/ICE4.<#b#a.> ,ITS RIS+ =TUNES REA*$ !IR LIMIT 9 ! ,MAY ,DAYS4 ,IT WAS ! ONLY OPPOSITION FACTION ?AT HAD A PROGRAM & HAD A GRASP ( :AT HAD TO BE DONE & :AT %\LD NOT BE DONE4 ,RI<T AFT] ! ATTEMPT BY ! ,ASSAULT ,GAURDS TO SEIZE ! ,TELEPHONE ,EX*ANGE1 ! /REETS ( ,B>CELONA W]E ONCE AGA9 FILL$ ) B>RICADES4 ,JOAQU91 ,JOSE ,P]EZ & O!R COMRADES TOOK A MA*9E GUN & DEP>T$ FROM ! (FICE ( ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 AT ! CORN] ( ,LAS ,RAMBLAS & ,HOSPITAL ,/REET1 9 ORD] TO OP5 FIRE AT ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS :O HAD OCCUPI$ ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA4 ,ON ! NEXT DAY1 F\R COMPANIES ( ! ,REPUBLICAN ,NATIONAL ,GU>D1 ! =M] ,CIVIL ,GU>D1 ! MO/ H>DCORE =CE 9 FAVOR ( TYRANNY1 LEFT !IR B>RACKS ) ! MISSION ( OCCUPY+ ! RADIO /ATION ON ,LAS ,RAMBLAS & NEUTRALIZ+ AWAY ANY B>RICADES !Y 5C\NT]$ ALONG ! WAY4 ,!Y OP5$ FIRE ON ANY?+ ?AT MOV$1 :E!R OR NOT !Y W]E 9SURRECTION>IES4 ,JOAQU9 & HIS COMRADES1 ) A GR\P FROM ! ,C5TRAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 HALT$ ! PROGRESS ( ! COMPANY ?AT WAS HEAD+ D[N ! ,GRAN ,VIA T[>DS ! ,PLAZA DE ,CATALUNA1 =C+ IT TO RETREAT T[>DS ! ,PLAZA DE ,ESPANA4 ,! O!RS HAD BE5 EXPELL$ FROM ! ,RONDA & FROM ! ,P>ALELO & TOOK REFUGE :]EV] !Y C\LD4 ,! SEV5TY ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS :O TRI$ TO HIDE 9 ! ,C9E ,AM]ICA HAD TO TRY TO ESCAPE ON FOOT & TRY TO REA* ! ,CAS>RAMONA ,B>RACKS4 ,ON ! NI<T ( ,MAY #d1 ,JOAQU91 ,PROGRESO & ! PEOPLE ( ,SANTS W5T TO ?AT ,B>RACKS ) ! 9T5TION ( DEF9ITIVELY NEUTRALIZ+ ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS4 ,AFT] SIX M9UTES !Y BROKE \T ! :ITE FLAG1 & OP5$ ! DOORS ( ! ,B>RACKS4 ,! ATTACK]S >RIV$ AT ! GU>D PO/ ( ! ,CIVIL ,GU>DS 9 AN AUTOMOBILE4 ,9 ! B>RACKS !Y SEIZ$ WEAPONS & UNI=MS4 ,JOAQU9 9S9UAT$ ?AT =TY-EI<T ,CIVIL ,GU>DS W]E EXECUT$ 9 AN AB&ON$ LOT1 BUT IF !RE W]E REPRISALS1 IT IS CLE> ?AT !RE W]E NO MORE ?AN TW5TY VICTIMS4 ,ON ! MORN+ ( ,MAY #g1 ! ,SANTS ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 OBEY+ ! DIRECTIVES ( ! SUP]IOR COMMITTEES1 RELEAS$ TWO HUNDR$ ?IRTY ,CIVIL ,GU>DS4 ,IT IS TO BE ASSUM$ ?AT ! CORPSES ( ! EXECUT$ ,CIVIL ,GU>DS W]E DISCOV]$1 S9CE ! PRESS PO9T$ \T ?AT SOME ( ! BODIES W]E HUNG UP ON DISPLAY 9 A LECTURE HALL 9 ! ,M$ICAL ,S*OOL4 ,ON ,MAY #a !Y W]E BURI$4.<#b#b.> 

,EV]YONE KN[S H[ ! ,MAY ,DAYS CONCLUD$2 ! LEAD]S ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I1 ESPECIALLY ! ,GOV]NM5T ,M9I/]S ,G>CIA ,OLIV] & ,MONTS5Y1 %\T$ !MSELVES HO>SE ) !IR REPEAT$ CRIES1 ,CEASE ,FIRE6 ,ALMO/ BY ACCID5T1 ! VICTORY ( ! WORK]S WAS TRANS=M$ 9TO A DEFEAT4 ,= ,JOAQU9 ! TREASON ( ! ,ORGANIZATION'S LEAD]S WAS OBVI\S3 ,! 0SUP]IOR0 COMMITTEES ( ! ,C,N,T-,F,A,I W]E BETRAY+ ! REVOLUTION WON BY ! PEOPLE4 ,?IS IS H[ ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI EXPRESS$ IT 9 A PAMPHLET DI/RIBUT$ TO HUNDR$S ( PEOPLE1 A PAMPHLET ?AT W\LD E>N !M C\NTLESS ACCUSATIONS ( BE+ PROVOCATEURS1 9CONTROLADOS & FASCI/S4 ,:ILE ! MEMB]S ( ! ,P,\,M ACT$ AS IF !Y W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T1 ,F$]ICA ,MONTS5Y & ,G>CIA ,OLIV] =FEIT$ ALL !IR MORAL AU?ORITY 9 ! EYES ( ! MILITANTS4 ,JOAQU9 ?\<T ?AT !Y W]E 9 ! H&S ( ,L>GO ,CABALL]O OR ! ,SOVIETS1 & HE EV5 DISCUSS$ ) O!R COMRADES ! ADVISABILITY ( TAK+ A %OT AT ! ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE4 ,! POPUL>ITY ( ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI AFT] ! ,MAY ,DAYS BEGAN TO BE A MATT] ( S]I\S CONC]N = ! LEAD]S ( ! LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T :O1 FE>+ A SPLIT1 DISAV[$ !M & ATTEMPT$ TO EXPEL !M FROM ! ,ORGANIZATION1 NOT )\T SL&]+ !M 9 EV]Y CONCEIVABLE WAY4 ,! ,TRADE ,UNIONS REACT$ ) /UDI$ AMBIGUITY2 ON ! ONE H&1 !Y OBEY$ ! CEASE-FIRE DIRECTIVES ( ! ,COMMITTEES2 ON ! O!R H&1 H[EV]1 !Y REFUS$ TO EXPEL ! MEMB]S ( ! ,GR\P1 PROTECT+ !M FROM ! RU% TO JUDGM5T ON ! P>T ( ! ,NEGR9 ,GOV]NM5T1 :I* \TLAW$ ! ,GR\P4 ,! SITUATION W\LD DET]IORATE1 H[EV]1 MORE RAPIDLY ?AN ! REVOLUTION>IES EXPECT$4 ,!Y QUIETLY BURI$ !IR MURD]$ COMRADES2 9VE/IGATIONS W]E CONDUCT$ CONC]N+ SECRET GRAVE-SITES1 SPECIAL TRIBUNALS W]E CREAT$1 A ,MILIT>Y ,9VE/IGATION ,S]VICE WAS ORGANIZ$1 ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS & ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES W]E DISSOLV$1 & ! =CES ( PUBLIC ORD] MULTIPLI$ 9 ! RE>GU>D2 RAIDS ON LIB]T>IAN HEADQU>T]S PROLIF]AT$1 ALONG ) 9T]F]5CE ) ! COLLECTIVES1 ASSASS9ATIONS AT ! FRONT1 & ! P]SECUTION ( AN>*I/S & MEMB]S ( ! ,P,\,M4444 ,JOAQU9 REFLECT$ BITT]LY3 ,) ! ,MAY ,EV5TS ! ,REVOLUTION WAS DEF9ITIVELY LO/1 AS A RESULT ( ! FACT ?AT NO ONE KNEW H[ TO C>RY IT \T2 ! MORALE ( ! PEOPLE DISSOLV$ & ) IT ! FRONTS BEGAN TO COLLAPSE4444.<#b#c.> ,DUR+ ! SUMM]1 ! C\NT]REVOLUTION H>DLY PAUS$ = BREA?3 ,! C5ETI/A LEAD]%IP R5\NC$ ITS PR9CIPLES & GOALS 9 FAVOR ( 0UNITY0 ) ! REPUBLICAN REACTION & BEGG$ TO BE ALL[$ TO P>TICIPATE 9 ! ,GOV]NM5T ?AT PRESID$ OV] !SE DEFEATS4 ,! FAVOR$ TREASON\S SLOGAN1 :I* ORIG9AT$ AMONG ! ,/AL9I/S1 WAS PUT 9TO ! M\? ( ! DECEAS$ ,DURRUTI3 ,WE R5\NCE EV]Y?+ EXCEPT VICTORY4 ,COMMUNI/ DOM9ATION WAS DEF9ITIVE1 AS ! ,P>TY HAD ALMO/ ABSOLUTE CONTROL OV] ! CRUCIAL POSITIONS 9 ! POLICE & ! >MY4 ,9 ! MEANTIME1 ! ,MODELO PRISON WAS FILL$ ) ANTI-FASCI/S4 

,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 N[ DRIV5 UND]GR\ND1 CONT9U$ TO PUBLI% ITS NEWSPAP]1 ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO1 & ! GR\PS ( ! ,LOCAL ,F$]ATION ( ! ,F,A,I1 N[ 9 OPPOSITION TO !IR ,P59SUL> LEAD]%IP1 PUBLI%$ A NEWSPAP] CALL$ ,AN>QUIA4 ,! CL&E/9E BROAD%EETS HAD A WIDE CIRCULATION1 SAY+ :AT ,SOLI .<,SOLID>IDAD ,OBR]A.> W\LD NOT D>E TO SAY4 ,! PRISON]S IMPOS$ !IR [N CONDITIONS 9 ! PRISON & ! ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEES1 (FICIALLY DISB&$ BY ! CONF$]AL LEAD]%IP 9 ,JUNE1 W]E /ILL ORGANIZ$ & ACTIVE4 ,! SAME ELEM5TS ?AT PREP>$ ! PROVOCATION ( ,MAY1 CONCEIV$ ANO!R PROVOCATION 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 TO PUT ! F9I%+ T\*ES ON !IR WORK4 ,ON ! MORN+ ( ,SEPTEMB] #b1 UNITS ( ! ,FIR/ ,ASSAULT ,DIVISION %[$ UP AT ! DOORS ( ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS1 9 ! ,RONDA DE ,RIC>DO ,MELLA 7FAC+ ,SAN ,PABLO71 ON ! PRETEXT ( C>RY+ \T A SE>*4 ,! =M] COLLEGE & MONA/]Y WAS ! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,FOOD ,S]VICE ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION1 ! ,C5TRAL ,DEF5SE ,COMMITTEE1 ! ,F>OS ,CULTURAL ,C5T]1 & O!R LIB]T>IAN ORGANIZATIONS1 & ! REAL REASON = ! PRES5CE ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS WAS CLE>3 IT WAS A PRETEXT TO ATTACK ! BUILD+ ) >TILL]Y & ! TANKS ?AT ! ,GU>DS BR\<T ) !M4 ,! OCCUPANTS ( ! BUILD+ PREP>$ = RESI/ANCE & ! WORK]S 9 ! NEI<BORHOODS MOBILIZ$ = BATTLE4 ,! RAPID 9T]V5TION ( ! ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,C,N,T SUCCE$$ 9 PREV5T+ A WORK+ CLASS C\NT]ATTACK1 BUT ! DEF5D]S ( ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS DID NOT AGREE TO SURR5D]4 ,AFT] H\RS ( NEGOTIATIONS & PL$GES ?AT !RE W\LD BE NO >RE/S1 PL$GES ?AT W\LD NOT BE HONOR$1 ! DOORS ( ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS W]E OP5$ UP TO ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS4 ,!Y >RE/$ TW5TY-SIX PEOPLE1 :O W]E SWALL[$ UP BY ! LEGAL SY/EM1 :ILE ! MO/ COMPROMIS$ ESCAP$ BY WAY ( A SECRET EXIT4 ,JOAQU91 :O WAS 9 ! BUILD+ AT ! TIME1 WAS ONE ( ! LA/ TO LEAVE4 ,9 VA9 W\LD ONE SE>* = ! LEA/ REF]5CE TO !SE EV5TS 9 ! (FICIAL LIB]T>IAN PRESS4 ,TORYHO1 AN 9VET]ATE BUREAUCRAT1 CONTROLL$ EV]Y L9E ( ,SOLI1 & SOON ! P>ADOXICAL SITUATION PREVAIL$ :]EBY1 IF ONE WANT$ TO BE 9=M$ AB\T SOME?+1 IF Y\ C\LD NOT OBTA9 A COPY ( ,EL ,AMIGO DEL ,PUEBLO1 Y\ W\LD HAVE TO RESORT TO ! B\RGEOIS PRESS4.<#b#d.> ,TI]RA Y ,LIB]TAD WAS NOT BACKW>D 9 ! MATT] ( B[+ & SCRAP+4 ,FROM !N ON1 ,JOAQU9 TRI$ TO DO ! BE/ HE C\LD TO AVOID >RE/--DID HE HIDE 9 A COLLECTIVIZ$ FACTORY LIKE ,BALIUS1 ,PABLO ,RUIZ & ,M>CEL9O ,B5$ICTO8 ,WE DO NOT KN[1 BUT HE DID TELL US ?AT HE NEV] RETURN$ TO ! FRONT1 TO CONCEAL HIMSELF 9 A LIB]T>IAN UNIT1 AS MANY DID 9 ORD] TO ESCAPE ! P]SECUTIONS4 ,HE REMA9$ 9 ! RE>GU>D UNTIL ! 5D ( ! W>4.<#b#e.> 

,I,V 

,AFT] ! ASSAULT ON ,LOS ,ESCOLAPIOS BY ! =CES ( ORD]1 WE LOSE ,JOAQU9'S TRAIL = F\RTE5 MON?S4 ,:AT DID HE DO BESIDES GO 9TO HID+8 ,! ONLY ?+ WE KN[ IS HIS REF]5CE TO C]TA9 MY/]I\S 0MISSIONS0 9 ,B>CELONA & ELSE:]E4 ,DID HE WORK = ONE ( ! 09=MATION & COORD9ATION0 COMMITTEES ?AT EM]G$ AFT] ! SUPPRESSION ( ! DEF5SE COMMITTEES8 ,DID HE JO9 AN ACTION GR\P TO SUPPORT ! PRISON]S8 ,WE CAN ONLY SPECULATE ?AT HE REMA9$ 9 CONTACT ) ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI1 ?AT HE WAS >M$1 & ?AT :ATEV] HE DID1 HE DID IT SECRETLY4 ,JOAQU9 DID NOT LIVE 9 ! CITY1 BUT CAME & W5T4 ,9 ,NOVEMB] #a#i#c#h1 HE WAS >RE/$ :ILE PASS+ ?R\< ,B>CELONA1 BY A SQUAD ( POLICEM5 ( EV]Y TYPE1 UND] ! COMM& ( ! ,SPECIAL ,POLICE ,COMM&1 :I* WAS ITSELF COMPOS$ ( ! MO/ V>I\S POLICE AG5CIES1.<#b#f.> A REF]5CE TO ! POLITICAL DIV]SITY ( ITS COMPON5TS1 SOME ( :I* W]E FROM ! ,C,N,T1 EV5 9CLUD+ ! 0*EKI/S04 ,HE DID NOT RECALL :E!R ! HEADQU>T]S ( ?IS ,COMM& WAS LOCAT$ ON ,CORCEGA ,/REET OR ,PROV5ZA ,/REET4 ,AT #*i ,PROV5ZA ,/REET1 BETWE5 ,NAPOLES & ,SICILIA ,/REETS1 !RE WAS A B>RACKS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS ?AT MAY HAVE H\S$ 0SPECIAL0 CELLS WORK+ = ! ,SOVIET ,G,P,U OR ! ,S,I,M4 ,AT #cd ,CORCEGA ,/REET1 ON ! F\R? FLOOR1 ON ! UPP] LEVEL1 !RE WAS A MU*-FE>$ *EKA ( ! ,S,I,M ?AT WAS RESPONSIBLE = C]TA9 0DISAPPE>ANCES0 ( ANTI-,/AL9I/ COMMUNI/S & AN>*I/S1 D5\NC$ BY ,KATIA ,L&AU ?AT SAME YE>4.<#b#g.> ,WE ?9K IT WAS ! LATT] LOCATION1 S9CE ,JOAQU9 WAS TORTUR$ & ?AT WAS ONE ( ! H\SE 0SPECIALTIES04 ,AFT] TWO DAYS ( TORTURE1 :5 HE WAS 9 V]Y BAD %APE1 HE WAS TAK5 AWAY 9 AN OP5 TRUCK1 S9CE !RE WAS NO WAY HE C\LD ESCAPE1 & BR\<T TO ! ,PALACE ( ,JU/ICE1 :]E A MILIT>Y TRIBUNAL S5T5C$ HIM TO DEA? 9 ITS FIR/ & !N ITS SECOND DELIB]ATIONS4 ,A S5T5CE = ! ILLEGAL POSSESSION ( >MS WAS NOT USUALLY SO SEV]E1 AL?\< N[ & !N ! SPECIAL TRIBUNALS ( ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS W\LD PRON\NCE ! ULTIMATE P5ALTY = ! MO/ TRIVIAL (F5SES4 ,IF ! MILIT>Y C\RT DIRECTLY 9T]V5$1 ?IS WAS BECAUSE ,JOAQU9 WAS DECL>$ TO BE AN \TLAW BECAUSE HE WAS A FUGITIVE & A DES]T]1 & ?IS IS :AT 5TAIL$ ! MAXIMUM P5ALTY4 ,HIS C\S9 ,M>CEL9O1 CONC]N+ :OM WE KN[ ?AT HE LIV$ ON ,PROV5ZA ,/REET & ?AT HE WAS M>RI$1 HAD BE5 DIS*>G$ ON ,M>* #ab FROM HIS JOB AT A FACTORY :]E HE WAS WORK+ 9 ORD] TO BE MOBILIZ$ = ! >MY4.<#b#h.> ,JOAQU91 :O WAS ONE YE> OLD] ?AN ,M>CEL9O1 MU/ ALSO HAVE BE5 S]V$ ) HIS DRAFT NOTICE4 ,AT ?AT TIME ! RE>GU>D WAS FULL ( PEOPLE :O HAD FL$ FROM ! FRONTS OR :O DID NOT COMPLY ) !IR DRAFT NOTICES4 ,NO ONE WAS EAG] TO GO TO ! SLAU<T]H\SE = A GOV]NM5T ?AT !Y DETE/$4 ,! ,S,I,M WAS = ! MO/ P>T EMPLOY$ 9 ! HUNT = DES]T]S & FUGITIVES1 BUT IT DID NOT USUALLY TORTURE !M MORE ?AN WAS NECESS>Y4 ,?IS EXCESS WAS RES]V$ = ! 5EMIES ( ! ,/ATE & ( ! ,SOVIET ,UNION4 ,WAS ,JOAQU9 ONE ( !SE 5EMIES8 ,JOAQU9 DID NOT SET ! RECORD /RAI<T 9 ! LEA/ BY CLAIM+ ?AT HIS ONLY CRIME WAS ?AT HE 0WAS AN AN>*I/01 BUT ,PIQU]AS PROVIDES US ) ! KEY TO ! CASE BY SAY+ ?AT 9 ! *EKA HE WAS ASK$ BY TWO GU>DS & ! COMM&+ (FIC]1 ) TWO FLA%LI<TS PO9T$ RI<T 9TO HIS EYES1 IF HE HAD P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! PREP>ATIONS = AN ATTEMPT ON ,NEGR9'S LIFE4.<#b#i.> ,ALL HAT$ GOV]NM5TS REACT ) EXTREME VIOL5CE TO !IR [N FAILURES1 S9CE ! LATT] REVEAL !IR WEAKNESS & 9VITE RETALIATION4 ,AS A RESPONSE TO ! DEFEATS & 9 ORD] TO PREV5T A FE>$ PROLET>IAN UPRIS+1 ,NEGR9 WAS TRY+ TO MILIT>IZE ALL ( SOCIETY1 ELIM9AT+ ORD9>Y JU/ICE & PROCLAIM+ M>TIAL LAW4 ,! AG5TS ( ! ,S,I,M !MSELVES1 ASSI/$ BY ! COMMUNI/S1 HAD FABRICAT$ AN ASSASS9ATION PLOT ALLEG$LY PLANN$ BY ,P,\,M MILITANTS WORK+ ) ,FRANCO'S SECRET S]VICES4 ,! HEADQU>T]S ( ! REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T WAS LOCAT$ 9 ! BUILD+ AT ! CORN] ( ,MALLORCA ,/REET & ! ,PASEO DE ,GRACIA1 & ,NEGR9 ALWAYS LEFT ?IS BUILD+ ) A P[]FUL ESCORT1 AGA9/ :I* ! PLOT WAS SUPPOS$ TO BE DIRECT$4 ,?IS PRETEXT S]V$ TO JU/IFY A G5]AL /RATEGY ( 9TIMIDATION1 ) *ECKPO9TS AT EV]Y CORN] & SY/EMATIC SE>*ES ( H\SES & AP>TM5TS4 ,! HEADQU>T]S ( ! ,C,N,T ITSELF1 ON ,VIA ,DURRUTI 7PREVI\SLY KN[N AS ,VIA ,LAYETANA71 WAS RAID$ 9 A SE>* = WEAPONS4 ,! CATA/ROPHE ( ! ,BATTLE ( ! ,EBRO ONLY 9CREAS$ ! P>ANOIA ( P[]4 ,JOAQU9 WAS CAPTUR$ AT ! WOR/ POSSIBLE TIME4 

,DUR+ ! DAYS HE SP5T 9 ! ,PALACE ( ,JU/ICE1 ,JOAQU9 MET ?REE 0COMRADE0 ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS1 ALL ( !M F\ND GUILTY & ONE CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 ,BE=E !Y W]E >RE/$ !Y HAD S]V$ AT ! ,CA/ILLO DE ,MONTJUI*1 A S9I/] PLACE :]E ?OSE :O W]E S5T5C$ TO DEA? W]E S5T1 & ?AT IS :]E !Y ?\<T ,JOAQU9 W\LD BE GO+4 ,9 FACT1 ?AT WAS :]E HE WAS DE/9$ TO GO4 ,HE >RIV$ !RE H&CUFF$ TO ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>D :O WAS CONDEMN$ TO DEA?--HE WAS JU/ ! WAY ,I W\LD LIKE ! ,ASSAULT ,GU>DS TO BE6 ,! POOR MAN CURS$ ! DAY ?AT HE W5T TO WORK = ! ,/ATE4 ,:ILE PASS+ ?R\< ! V>I\S (FICES TO BE SE>*$1 AS ! GU>DS HAD ADVIS$ HIM1 HE WAS PRES5T$ TO ! W>D51 A MEMB] ( ! ,S,I,M & ! ,C,N,T1 :O WAS NOT AT ALL 9T]E/$ 9 HIS MEMB]%IP 9 ! ,C,N,T1 RESPOND+ LACONICALLY3 ,I AM ONLY DO+ MY DUTY1 & HE WAS SE>*$ FROM HEAD TO TOE4 ,! JAIL] :O BR\<T HIM TO ! CELL BLOCK AT GUNPO9T WAS ALSO A MEMB] ( ! ,C,N,T4 ,:5 HE 5T]$ ! 0TUBE01 A GR\P ( COMRADES CAME OV] & EMBRAC$ ME4 ,!Y W]E COMRADES :OM ,I HAD KN[N = SOME TIME & W]E 5TIRELY TRU/WOR?Y4 ,AFT] ! FIR/ EMOTIONAL GREET+S W]E EX*ANG$1 ,I ASK$ !M TO EXPLA9 :Y !Y W]E !RE & !Y RESPOND$3 ,ALL WE KN[ IS ?AT WE >E H]E1 SOME AS 0SUSPECTS01 & O!RS AS 0DANG]\S02 &1 IT W\LD SEEM1 CONDEMN$ TO DEA?4 ,) GREAT SORR[ !Y TOLD ME AB\T H[ !Y W]E TREAT$ BY ! COMRADES ( ! ,C,N,T--TREATM5T ?AT ,I W\LD SOON BE ABLE TO V]IFY FIR/H&4 ,NO ONE C\LD EXPLA9 H[1 AFT] SO MANY YE>S ( ! /RUGGLE = FRE$OM1 AFT] SO MANY %>$ SACRIFICES BE=E & DUR+ ! W>1 WE W]E BE+ GU>D$ BY JAIL]S :O1 TELL+ US ?AT !Y W]E MEMB]S ( ! ,C,N,T1 PI/OL-:IPP$ US OR PUT US UP AGA9/ ! WALL4 ,WE HAD SURR5D]$ \R VICTORY TO \R 5EMIES & !SE PEOPLE W]E EXACT+ !IR V5GEANCE ON US 9 ! MO/ C[>DLY FA%ION6 

,! FASCI/ PRISON]S W]E TREAT$ QUITE DIFF]5TLY1 & !IR CELLS W]E MU* CLEAN]4 ,AFT] ALL1 !Y W]E FASCI/S & WE W]E DANG]\S AN>*I/S6.<#c.> 

,ONE ( !SE 0DANG]\S AN>*I/S0 WAS ,JOSE ,ALBA1 CALL$ 0EL ,NANO0 .<! KID.> BY ! O!R PRISON]S1 A COMRADE :O HAD BE5 A MEMB] ( ! W> COMMITTEE ( ! ,F\R? ,GR\P 9 ,GELSA1 ALONG ) ,PROGRESO & ,PABLO ,RUIZ4 ,A MEMB] ( ! ,METAL ,WORK]S ,TRADE ,UNION1 WAS A MEMB] ( ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI RI<T FROM ! />T4 ,LAT]1 P]CEIV+ ! COLLABORATIONI/ /ANCE ( ! ,C,N,T'S LEAD]%IP & ITS TOL]ATION BY ! MEMB]%IP1 HE LEFT ! ,ORGANIZATION4 ,! 9CREAS+LY REPRESSIVE NATURE ( ! REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5T1 A GOV]NM5T SUPPORT$ BY C]TA9 RESPONSIBLE COMMITTEES ?AT LOOK$ ! O!R WAY :ILE ! LIB]T>IANS W]E BE+ P]SECUT$ & ASSASS9AT$1 CAUS$ HIM TO LOSE ALL HOPE = ANY POSSIBLE REACTION ON ! P>T ( ! PROLET>IAT1 :I* !N L$ HIM TO ?9K ONLY AB\T HIMSELF1 BREAK+ ALL ! RULES LIKE A GOOD 5EMY ( AU?ORITY4 ,! HOLDUP AT ! ,BORN M>KET PROVID$ HIM ) A SUB/ANTIAL AM\NT ( LOOT1 >\ND HALF A MILLION PESETAS1 BUT !Y CAU<T HIM4 ,HE 5T]$ ! ,MODELO PRISON ON ,OCTOB] #ab &1 HAV+ BE5 CONDEMN$ TO DEA?1 HE WAS TRANSF]R$ TO ! CITADEL4.<#c#a.> ,! ?REE O!R COMRADES ?AT ,JOAQU9 M5TIONS W]E A C]TA9 ,CAMILLO OR ,CANILLAS1 ,GU]RA & ,MANUEL1 VICTIMS ( A POLICE CONSPIRACY4 ,!Y LIV$ 9 ! RAM%ACKLE DI/RICT ( ,CAN ,TUNIS1 A WORK+ CLASS NEI<BORHOOD ) A LONG LIB]T>IAN TRADITION1 SEGREGAT$ & H>DLY ACCESSIBLE TO ! POLICE1 :]E ! 9T5SE CLASS-BAS$ SOCIABILITY /ILL P]MITT$ A DEGREE ( FRE$OM ( MOVEM5T UN?9KABLE ANY:]E ELSE4 ,9 ITS B>S1 IMPLACABLE MILITANTS1 C\NT]FEIT]S & ?IEVES GOT ALONG PEACEABLY1 ALL ( !M \TLAWS & CONSEQU5TLY PUBLIC 5EMIES 9 ! EYES ( ! AU?ORITIES4 ,! BORD]S ?AT SEP>AT$ !M FROM EA* O!R1 DUR+ TIMES ( SKEPTICISM & DESP]ATION1 W]E MORE ?AN JU/ BLURR$4 ,!SE ?REE COMRADES1 ,MANUEL ,AS5SIO1 ,FRANCISCO ,P]EZ 0,GU]RA0 & ,JOSE ,ALC>AZ 0,CANILLAS01 HAD BE5 IMPLICAT$ 9 9VOLVEM5T 9 A HOLDUP BY AN 9=M] 9 ,AUGU/4 ,! POLICE FABRICAT$ SOME EVID5CE & >RE/$ ! WITNESSES = ! DEF5SE1 :ILE ! JUDGE OV]LOOK$ ! CONTRADICTIONS & 9CONSI/5CIES 9 ! TE/IMONIES ( ! POLICE AG5TS & !IR 9=M]4 ,!Y W]E S5T5C$ TO DEA? 9 ,NOVEMB] & ! ,M9I/] ( ,JU/ICE RECEIV$ ! 0NOTIFICATION0 FROM ! PRESID5T ( ! ,G5]ALITAT1 ,COMPANYS4 ,9 !IR F9AL /ATEM5TS BE=E !Y W]E EXECUT$1 ONE ( !M1 ,ALC>AZ1 REPEAT$LY PROCLAIM$ HIS 9NOC5CE1 & ?AT ! :OLE FRAME-UP WAS BULL%IT1 ?AT IT WAS A DELIB]ATELY PLANN$ ACT ( V5GEANCE TO PUNI% !M = HAV+ BELONG$ TO ! ,CONTROL ,PATROLS4.<#c#b.> ,9 ! SAME CELL BLOCK !RE WAS A FIF? MAN S5T5C$ TO DEA? = ANO!R CRIME1 ,RIC>DO ,M>T9EZ1 :OM ,JOAQU9 =GOT TO M5TION4 ,!Y 5JOY$ !IR LA/ FEW DAYS TOGE!R4 ,! DAY !Y W]E TAK5 TO BE EXECUT$1 A FATEFUL ,DECEMB] #b#cRD1 ,JOAQU9 REQUE/$ P]MISSION TO LEAVE3 ,9 ! CU/ODY ( A GR\P ( HITM51 WE EMBRAC$ TO SAY GOODBYE =EV]1 %\T+ ) ALL \R MI<T1 ,VIVA LA AN>QUIA6 ,!IR LA/ WORDS W]E3 ,ONLY A FEW H\RS ( LIFE >E LEFT TO US2 WE REQUE/ ?AT Y\ TELL \R COMRADES & ! :OLE ,ORGANIZATION ?AT WE DI$ ?9K+ ( \R BELOV$ IDEALS AS WE %\T$ 0VIVA LA AN>QUIA04.<#c#c.> 

,ALC>AZ WROTE A F9AL LETT] TO HIS P>5TS1 TELL+ !M ?AT !Y %\LD NOT BE A%AM$ ( !IR SON2 HE WROTE A LETT] TO HIS COMRADES AT ! ,SANGRA FACTORY ASK+ !M TO NEV] ALL[ ANYONE1 = ANY REASON1 TO EV] SPEAK ILL ( HIM1 ?AT1 HAV+ COME 9TO ! WORLD1 HE WILL LEAVE IT1 HAV+ GIV5 EV]Y?+ TO ! REVOLUTION>Y CAUSE4.<#c#d.> 

,! FOLL[+ DISGRACEFUL & CRUEL LITTLE NOTE APPE>$ ON ! FOLL[+ DAY 9 ,LA ,VANGU>DIA3 ,YE/]DAY1 )9 ! COMP\ND ( ! ,CITADEL ( ,MONTJUI*1 FIVE ROBB]S W]E EXECUT$ BY FIR+ SQUAD AFT] HAV+ BE5 S5T5C$ TO DEA? BY ! ,TRIBUNALS4.<#c#e.> 

,DUR+ ! F9AL (F5SIVE /AG$ BY ,FRANCO'S TROOPS1 ! PRISON]S ( ,MONTJUI* REMA9$ BEH9D B>S1 )\T ANY KN[L$GE ( :AT HAS HAPP5+ \TSIDE ! PRISON1 ) ! 0NATIONALI/0 SOLDI]S AT ! V]Y FOOT ( ! M\NTA94 ,! GU>DS 9 ! CITADEL--COMMUNI/S1 REPUBLICANS & EV5 SOME SO-CALL$ 0AN>*I/S0--HAD FL$ ! DAY BE=E1 LEAV+ A L>GE NUMB] ( PRISON]S LOCK$ UP 9 ! CELLS ( ! 0TUBE01 AT ! M]CY ( ! VICTORI\S ,FRANQUI/AS1 SO !Y C\LD %OOT !M AT !IR LEISURE4 ,!Y W]E UNABLE TO COMMUNICATE ) EA* O!R BUT !Y BROKE D[N ! DOORS & B>S AS !Y MADE !IR WAY TO ! MA9 C\RTY>D & ! GATES ( ! CITADEL4 ,TOGE!R ) MANY O!R PRISON]S1 ,I MANAG$ TO ESCAPE 9 ! CONFUSION4 ,EV]Y:]E1 WE HE>D GUNFIRE & CRIES ( PA9 AMID ! EVACUATION ( ,B>CELONA4 ,LO/ 9 AN AVALAN*E ( HUMANITY ,I WAS ABLE TO REA* ! \TSKIRTS ( ,B>CELONA4.<#c#f.> ,ON FOOT1 ALONG ) A FEW O!RS :O1 LIKE HIM1 W]E GO+ CROSS C\NTRY1 WALK+ BY DAY & NI<T \T ( SI<T ( ! HI<WAYS1 C>EFUL NOT TO ALL[ !MSELVES TO BE SURPRIS$ BY ANY FASCI/S OR EV5 BY A MEMB] ( ! ,S,I,M1 ,JOAQU9 REA*$ ,FIGU]AS )9 SEV5 DAYS4 ,HE ATE ! FEW CO>SE VEGETABLES HE F\ND ON HIS J\RNEY1 H]BS & SPR\TS & ?+S LIKE ?AT4 ,! CITY HAD BE5 %ELL$ & ! RAILROAD WAS /ILL \T ( S]VICE4 ,! PEOPLE 9 !IR ?\S&S W]E ON ! MOVE4 ,AFT] ONE MORE DAY ( WALK+ T[>DS ,PORT ,B\ HE REA*$ ! ,FR5* BORD]1 ) HIS %OES 9 TATT]S1 ACCOMPANI$ BY SOLDI]S :O W]E /ILL C>RY+ !IR RIFLES1 & HE WAS !N L$ BY G5D>MES DIRECTLY TO ! REFUGEE CAMP ( ,>GELES-SUR-,M]4 ,! CAMP CONSI/$ ( N>R[ /RIP ( S&Y BEA* SURR\ND$ BY B>B$ WIRE1 GU>D$ BY ,S5EGALESE SOLDI]S4 ,!RE1 ?\S&S ( PEOPLE ( ALL AGES & CONDITIONS W]E PACK$ LIKE S>D9ES1 F$ ) L5TIL S\P & A LITTLE RICE & *ICK PEAS4 ,BECAUSE !RE WAS NOT 5\< FRE% WAT] = EV]YONE1 ! REFUGEES IMPROVIS$ A WAT] FILTRATION SY/EM SO !Y C\LD DR9K ! SEAWAT]4 ,MANY PEOPLE DI$ EV]Y DAY4 ,JOAQU91 )\T EV5 A RAG TO COV] HIMSELF1 HAD TO SLEEP = A WEEK \T 9 ! OP54 ,HE MADE CONTACT ) O!R COMRADES ( ! ,C,N,T :O W]E TRY+ TO ORGANIZE 9 ! CAMP1 BUT WE DO NOT KN[ IF HE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! ATTEMPT TO CREATE A 0,FRANCO-,SPANI%0 GR\P ( ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI )9 ! CAMPS4 ,!Y W]E 9=M$ ?AT ,CASAS & ,JOSE ,P]EZ1 :O HAD PREF]R$ TO REMA9 9 ,B>CELONA1 HAD BE5 %OT4.<#c#g.> ,AFT] SP5D+ T5 MON?S 9 ?AT MIS]ABLE W>EH\SE ( ! VANQUI%$1 HE WAS BR\<T TO ! ,B>C>ES CAMP BUT HE HAD TO REMA9 !RE = ONLY A %ORT TIME1 BECAUSE HE VOLUNTE]$ TO WORK 9 A LABOR SQUAD ?AT WAS GO+ TO BUILD A DIKE AT ! PORT ( ,BRE/1 ON ! ,ATLANTIC COA/4 

,JOAQU9 WAS PUT TO WORK 9 A QU>RY AS A DRILL OP]ATOR1 BUT )9 A FEW DAYS1 AFT] PASS+ A M$ICAL EXAM9ATION1 HE WAS S5T TO WORK AT ! BOTTOM ( ! SEA1 9 A CAISSON FILL$ ) COMPRESS$ AIR1 LAY+ TONS ( CEM5T4 ,HE HAD BE5 9 ,BRE/ = TWO MON?S :5 W> WAS DECL>$ & ! ,G]MANS 9VAD$ ,FRANCE4 ,T[>DS ! 5D ( ,MAY ( #a#i#d1 A FLOOD ( ,FR5* & ,5GLI% SOLDI]S W]E HEAD+ T[>DS ! PORT ( ,BRE/1 :I* WAS FULL ( %IPS S5T TO EVACUATE !M4 ,IF ! ,G]MANS W]E TO REA* ,BRE/1 ! SITUATION W\LD HAVE BE5 V]Y UGLY = ! REFUGEES4 ,! MANAG]S ( ! WORKS PROMIS$ ?AT NO?+ W\LD HAPP5 TO !M1 BUT IT WAS QUITE C]TA9 ?AT !IR FATE W\LD BE O!RWISE4 ,) ! ,G]MANS ON ! V]GE ( 5T]+ ,BRE/1 ,JOAQU9 & A GR\P ( TW5TY ,SPANI>DS QUIT WORK & W5T TO ! DOCKS4 ,!Y APPROA*$ A W>%IP )\T KN[+ EI!R ITS NATIONALITY OR ITS DE/9ATION & JUMP$ ONTO ITS DECK4 ,! GAP !Y HAD TO LEAP ACROSS WAS AB\T FIVE MET]S1 & V]Y GOOD =M WAS REQUIR$ = ?IS FEAT4 ,ALMO/ ALL ( !M MADE IT1 & !N !Y CONCEAL$ !MSELVES UND] SOME T>PAUL9S4 ,! %IP SET SAIL1 & :5 IT REA*$ ! OP5 OCEAN1 ! /[AWAYS W]E DISCOV]$ & GIV5 SOME?+ TO EAT4 ,! %IP DOCK$ AT ,S\?AMPTON A FEW DAYS LAT] AT HI< TIDE4 ,!Y W]E ALL[$ TO DISEMB>K2 !N1 !Y BO>D$ A BUS ?AT TOOK !M TO ! ,CRY/AL ,PALACE4 ,!IR TREATM5T AT ! H&S ( ! ,BRITI% WAS MAGNIFIC5T1 & )9 A FEW DAYS ,JOAQU9 WAS GIV5 A PLACE TO LIVE 9 A H\SE ) AN ,5GLI% FAMILY4 ,! GOV]NM5T GAVE HIM AN ID5TIFICATION C>D & GRANT$ HIM A SMALL /IP5D SO HE C\LD MEET HIS BASIC NE$S1 BUT IT DID NOT ALL[ HIM TO SEEK EMPLOYM5T UNTIL SEV]AL MON?S HAD PASS$4 ,ONE DAY 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 HE WAS CAU<T \T 9 ! /REET BY ! FAM\S ,G]MAN ,BLITZ4 ,FROM !N ON1 & OV] A P]IOD ( N9E MON?S1 ,LONDON WAS BOMB$ DAILY BY ! ,G]MAN AIR =CE4 ,AS A RESULT1 ! REFUGEES OBTA9$ JOBS REMOV+ DEBRIS FROM BOMB$ H\SES4 ,IT WAS ,JOAQU9'S FIR/ JOB 9 ,5GL&2 LAT]1 9 ,REG5T'S ,P>K1 HE WORK$ ON A CRANE EXCAVAT+ A TUNNEL = ! SUBWAY4 ,F9ALLY1 HE GOT A JOB 9 A HOTEL2 = SEV]AL YE>S HE WORK$ AT ! RE/AURANT 9 ! ,B]KELEY ,HOTEL 9 ,MAYFAIR4 ,AFT] SO MANY H>D ORDEALS HE F9ALLY OBTA9$ A /ABLE POSITION1 P]HAPS = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HIS LIFE4 ,HE WAS MORE =TUNATE ?AN MO/ ( ?OSE :O FL$ FROM ,SPA9 & FROM ,FRANCO4 ,:5 ! ,SECOND ,WORLD ,W> CAME TO A CLOSE1 HE FELT NO TEMPTATION TO LEAVE ! ,BRITI% ,ISLES4 

,9 ,DECEMB] #a#i#d#a1 !RE WAS A GR\P ( EI<TY C5ETI/AS 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,K+DOM1 & AMONG !M W]E SOME \T/&+ MILITANTS LIKE ! =M] ,M9I/]1 ,JUAN ,LOPEZ1 ! =M] MEMB] ( ! ,NATIONAL ,COMMITTEE1 ,DELSO DE ,MIGUEL1 ,M>IANO ,VALLE 7ANO!R =M] MEMB] ( ! ,N,C71 ,PABLO ,POLG>E 7FROM ! ,P59SUL> ,COMMITTEE ( ! ,F,A,I71 ,SUCESO ,PORTALES 7( ! ,MUJ]ES ,LIBRE71 & ! MADRIL5OS ,CABANAS1 ,VILLANUEVA1 ,G]>DO ,LOPEZ1 ,SALGADO1 ,FALOMIR1 ,ACRACIO ,RUIZ & ,G>CIA ,PRADAS1 MO/ ( !M ) A COLLABORATIONI/ PA/4 ,!RE W]E ALSO PEOPLE :O W]E CLOSE TO ,JOAQU9 SU* AS ,M>CEL9O ,B5$ICTO & ,FRANCISCO ,ALBA 7,JOSE ,ALBA'S BRO!R74 ,! ,HUNG>IAN ,POLG>E1 :OSE REAL NAME WAS ,PAL ,P>TOS1 HAD A BACKGR\ND 9 ! COMMUNI/ LEFT & WAS V]Y CLOSE TO ,K>L ,KORS*4 ,JOAQU9 GOT TO KN[ HIM :ILE S]V+ ON ! ,>AGON ,FRONT & /RUCK UP A CLOSE FRI5D%IP ) HIM ?AT LA/$ UNTIL HIS SUICIDE 9 #a#i#f#d4 ,! EXILES 9 ,5GL&1 AS WAS ! CASE ) ! O!R EXILES1 T5D$ TO BE DIVID$ BETWE5 ?OSE :O ADVOCAT$ WORK+ ) ! O!R REPUBLICAN =CES1 & ?OSE :O SUPPORT$ A RETURN TO ! APOLITICAL & ANTI-/ATE PR9CIPLES & TACTICS ( CLASSIC AN>*OSYNDICALISM4 ,!RE WAS1 H[EV]1 UNANIM\S AGREEM5T 9 FAVOR ( AVOID+ RELATIONS ) ! ,NEGR9I/S & COMMUNI/S1 S9CE MANY ( ! EXILES HAD BE5 MEMB]S OR SUPPORT]S ( ! ,CASADO ,JUNTA4 ,?AT IS :Y ! FIR/ JO9T DECL>ATION ( ! ,SPANI% ,DIASPORA 9 ,5GL&1 :I* WAS1 FUR!RMORE1 SIGN$ BY ,JOAQU9 & ,M>CEL9O1 CONDEMN$ ,G>CIA ,OLIV]'S PROPOSAL TO OP5 UP L9ES ( COMMUNICATION ) ?OSE ELEM5TS4.<#c#h.> ,! =M] AN>*I/ ,G>CIA ,OLIV] HAD ALREADY >\S$ SUSPICION E>LI] BY PROPOS+ ! F\ND+ ( A POLITICAL P>TY4 ,! POLEMIC REVOLV$ >\ND ! P>TICIPATION ( ! ,C,N,T 9 ! REPUBLICAN GOV]NM5TS 9 EXILE4 ,BECAUSE ( ! VICTORY ( ! ,MONTS5I/AS1 :O FAVOR$ A RETURN TO IDEOLOGICAL PURISM1 AT ! #aide ,P>IS ,CONGRESS1 ! LIB]T>IAN DIASPORA WAS IRREM$IABLY DIVID$4 ,JOAQU9 WAS C]TA9LY OPPOS$ TO ANY LIB]T>IAN PRES5CE 9 GOV]NM5TS1 & HE WAS MU* LESS 9 FAVOR ( FI<T+ = ! ,B\RBON MON>*Y OR ! 0DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC04 ,9 ONE ( HIS FIR/ >TICLES1 5TITL$ 0,CRITICA DE ACTUALIDAD0 .<,CRITIQUE ( ! ,PRES5T ,SITUATION.>1 DAT$ ,AUGU/ #a#i#d#g1 HE 5GAG$ 9 A POLEMIC ) ,J4 ,J4 ,DOM5A*1 ONE ( ! WOR/ BUREAUCRATS 9 ! ,CATALONIAN ,REGIONAL ,COMMITTEE & A BITT] 5EMY ( ,! ,FRI5DS ( ,DURRUTI4 ,9 ANO!R >TICLE FROM ,M>* #aidh BE>+ ! TITLE1 0,PIDO UNA PREVIA0 .<,I ,DEM& ,PRELIM9>Y ,CL>IFICATION.>1 HE DEM&S ?AT EV]Y MILITANT MU/ CLE>LY & COG5TLY DEF9E HIS POSITION & BE A FAI?FUL REFLECTION ( ! CAUSE ?AT WE >E WORK+ =1 & D5\NCES ! AMBITI\S SCRAMBLE = POSITIONS )9 ! MOVEM5T1 ! 0,CAB9ET ,CUCKOOS0 & ! 0POLITICAL SW9DL]S01 ! DELUD$ COLLABORATIONI/S ( ! PA/ :O >E DEM&+ EXECUTIVE POSITIONS3 ,! AN>*I/ MILITANT IS A SYN!SIS ( REASON & CONVICTION1 & ON ?IS ROAD1 WE >E ADULTS :O KN[ H[ TO GUIDE \R /EPS ALONG ! PA? ( :AT IS GOOD1 ( PROGRESS & HUMANITY1 & NOT ALONG ! DEVI\S WAYS ALONG :I* !Y1 ! POOR DEVILS1 WANT TO LEAD US4 ,9 ANY EV5T1 ONCE ! COMMUNITY ( EXILES WAS CONV9C$ ?AT ! GREAT P[]S ?AT HAD DEFEAT$ ,HITL] DID NOT HAVE ! LEA/ 9T5TION ( OV]?R[+ ,FRANCO1 ! ACTIVISM & ! HOPES ( ONE AFT] ANO!R FACTION MELT$ AWAY LIKE A SUG> CUBE 9 HOT WAT]4 ,! ,EUROPEAN ECONOMIC SITUATION WAS V]Y FAVORABLE1 SO ?AT EV]YONE WAS ABLE TO SETTLE D[N & 5JOY !IR PRIVATE LIVES ) WELL-PAID JOBS4 ,9 #a#i#e#c1 ,JOAQU9 MET ,C>M51 ,M>CEL9O'S SI/]-9-LAW1 :O HAD JU/ >RIV$ 9 ,LONDON1 & HE M>RI$ H]4 ,!Y HAD ONE DAU<T]4 ,9 #a#i#f1 ! ,CONF$]AL ,NUCLEUS ( ,GREAT ,BRITA9 S5T DELEGATES TO ! ,REUNIFICATION ,CONGRESS 9 ,LIMOGES1 BUT ! UNITY A*IEV$ BY ?IS MEET+1 :I* WAS ONLY SK9 DEEP1 DID NOT LA/ V]Y LONG4 ,:5 ,JOAQU9 SUCCE$$ ,ACRACIO ,RUIZ AS SECRET>Y ( ! ,COMMISSION = ,BRITI% ,RELATIONS1 ! NUCLEUS HAD ONLY AB\T A HUNDR$ AG+ & WE>Y1 ALBEIT COMMITT$1 MILITANTS4 ,JOAQU9 & ,M>CEL9O MANAG$ ! ,GEORGE & ,DRAGON ,PUBLIC ,H\SE1 9 ! ,S\? ,K5S+TON NEI<BORHOOD1 UNTIL !IR RETIREM5T4 

,HI/ORICALLY1 ! ,SPANI% LIB]T>IAN MOVEM5T WAS WORN \T1 9CAPABLE ( OV]COM+ ! CONTRADICTIONS ?AT TORE IT AP>T DUR+ ! CIVIL W> & ! ,FRANCO REGIME4 ,:5 ! ,FRANCO REGIME WAS READY TO H& OV] ! RE9S ( P[]1 & ! OPPOSITION WAS JOCKEY+ = POSITIONS 9 ! NEW GOV]NM5T1 ! AN>*I/ EXILE COMMUNITY WAS 9CAPABLE ( =MULAT+ ITS [N ALT]NATIVE BEYOND ! REPETITION ( ! OLD S*EMATA & IDEOLOGICAL COMMONPLACES4 ,BASICALLY1 ,JOAQU9 ASSUM$ RESPONSIBILITY = ! CORRESPOND5CE ( ! EXILES1 = PROPAG&A MAIL+S & = AID = LIB]T>IAN PRISON]S :O W]E B>ELY SURVIV+ 9 ,FRANCO'S JAILS4 ,HE S5T HUNDR$S ( P\NDS TO HELP ! PRISON]S4 ,AMONG HIS PAP]S1 A FEW BOXES ( DOCUM5TS ?AT NEV] MADE IT TO ,AM/]DAM 9 #aici ALONG ) ! RE/ ( ! CONF$]AL >*IVES W]E F\ND4 ,IT WAS MO/ LIKELY ,POLG>E :O BR\<T !M1 S9CE HE P>TICIPAT$ 9 ! EF=TS TO TRANSF] ! >*IVES ( ! ,C,N,T & ! ,F,A,I TO ! ,9T]NATIONAL ,9/ITUTE ( ,SOCIAL ,HI/ORY 9 ,AM/]DAM4 ,!SE DOCUM5TS 9CLUDE CONFID5TIAL ,C,N,T REPORTS ON FRAUDUL5T >MS PUR*ASES1 ! *EKAS ( ! ,S,I,M & ! ,SOVIET SPIES1 ON COMMUNI/ PROSELYTISM 9 ! >MY1 ON ! ASSASS9ATIONS ( MILITANTS AT ! FRONTS1 ON P>TICUL> 9CID5TS LIKE ,TURON OR ! #a#e#cRD ,MIX$ ,BRIGADE1 ETC4 ,SC&ALIZ$ BY :AT HE DISCOV]$ :ILE READ+ !SE DOCUM5TS1 ,JOAQU9 DID EV]Y?+ HE C\LD TO PUBLICIZE !SE REPORTS1 S5D+ COPIES TO ALL ! (FICES ( ! EXILE GR\PS & EV5 TO ,SPA91 BUT ) MEAG] RESULTS4 ,?IS 9=MATION WAS A PUBLIC SECRET1 D5\NC$ LONG AGO & UN=TUNATELY =GOTT52 ON ! EVE ( ! DEA? ( ! DICTATOR1 ! ,C,N,T WAS LEGALIZ$ & ! COMMUNI/ P>TY DOM9AT$ ! RANKS ( ! OPPOSITION1 :I* IS :Y FEW ,C,N,T MEMB]S W]E PREP>$ TO MUCK >\ND 9 ! PA/ & RISK BE+ CALL$ PROVOCATEURS4 ,FRANCO'S DEA? ALSO M>K$ ! 5D ( =C$ EXILE1 AL?\< ,JOAQU9 DID NOT RETURN TO ,SPA94 ,= ?OSE :O ONCE EXCELL$ AS M5 ( ACTION1 ! ]A DID NOT ALL[ !M TO PLAY A LEAD+ ROLE ANYMORE4 ,ONE BY ONE1 ! NEWS ( ! DEA? ( HIS OLD COMRADES 9 >MS >RIV$3 ,PROGRESO1 ,BALIUS1 ,PABLO ,RUIZ1 ,M>CEL9O4444 ,BUT ! IDEA1 LIKE A FL[] WI!R$ BY A LONG1 HOT SUMM]1 /ILL PRES]VES ITS SC5T4 ,IT OCCURR$ TO ,JOAQU9 ?AT ! TIME HAD COME TO TELL HIS /ORY4 

,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ ,NAV>RO DI$ ON ,AUGU/ #b#a1 #bf 9 ,LONDON4 ,HIS COMPANION ,C>M5 HAD DI$ TWO YE>S E>LI]4 ,9 ACCORDANCE ) HIS EXPRESS DESIRE1 HIS LIBR>Y WAS DONAT$ TO ! ,KATE ,%>PLEY ,LIBR>Y1 & HIS CORPSE WAS DRAP$ 9 ! R$ & BLACK FLAG4 ,HIS BODY WAS CREMAT$ ON ,AUGU/ #c4 ,! DAILY NEWSPAP] ,! ,GU>DIAN PUBLI%$ A BRIEF OBITU>Y4.<#c#i.> 

.<#a.> ,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ ,NAV>RO1 0,UN ,RELATO ,PATETICO0 7MANUSCRIPT74 ,AN ,5GLI% LANGUAGE TRANSLATION ( ?IS 0MEMOIR0 HAS BE5 PUBLI%$3 ,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ ,NAV>RO & ,LUIS ,MONF]R]1 ,ONE ,MAN'S ,W> 9 ,SPA93 ,TRICK]Y1 ,TREA*]Y & ,?IEV]Y1 TR4 ,PAUL ,%>KEY1 ,*RI/IE ,BOOKS1 ,LONDON1 #bac 7,TRANSLATOR'S ,NOTE74 

.<#b.> ,9T]VIEW CONDUCT$ BY ,LUIS ,MONF]R] ) ,JOAQU9 ,P]EZ1 ,LONDON1 ,JULY #a#i#h#h4 

.<#c.> ,LA ,VANGU>DIA1 ,APRIL #c1 #a#i#c#b4 

.<#d.> ,FRANCISCO ,PIQU]AS1 ,EL LU*ADOR ANONIMO .<,! ,ANONYM\S ,FI<T].>1 SELF-PUBLI%$1 ,AUGU/ #b#a4 

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.<#i.> 0,UN COM5T>IO AL CONFLICTO DEL TRANSPORTE PUBLICO Y URBANO0 .<,OBS]VATIONS ON ! ,CONFLICT 9 ,URBAN ,PUBLIC ,TRANSPORT.>1 ,S9DICALISMO1 ,DECEMB] #f1 #a#i#c#c4 

.<#a.> ,LA ,VANGU>DIA1 ,MAY #b#g1 #a#i#c#d4 

.<#a#a.> ,UN ,RELATO ,PATETICO4 

.<#a#b.> ,9T]VIEW ) ! AU?OR1 ,AUGU/ #h1 #b#c4 

.<#a#c.> ,9T]VIEW CONDUCT$ BY ,LUIS ,MONF]R]4 

.<#a#d.> ,LETT] FROM ,$U>DO ,C]V]O TO ,DIEGO ,CAMA*O1 DAT$ ,JULY #b#a1 #a#i#g#b1 CONSULT$ AT ! ,ASCASO-,DURRUTI ,F\NDATION ( ,MONTPELI]4 

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.<#b.> ,UN ,RELATO ,PATETICO4 

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.<#b#b.> ,LA ,VANGU>DIA1 ,MAY #f1 #h & #a#a1 #a#i#c#g4 

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.<#b#d.> ,9 FACT1 ,A,B,C & ,LA ,VANGU>DIA PUBLI%$ ! DECREE ( ! ,9T]IOR ,M9I/] 9 !IR ,SEPTEMB] #b#b1 #aicg ISSUES2 ,LA ,VANGU>DIA REPORT$ ! >RE/S & ! DISCOV]Y ( >MS & UNI=MS 9 ITS ,SEPTEMB] #c1 #aicg ISSUE4 

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.<#c#g.> ,= EVID5CE 9DICAT+ ?AT SEV]AL PEOPLE NAM$ ,CASAS & ,JOSE ,P]EZ W]E EXECUT$ AT ! ,FOSS> DE LA ,P$R]A1 SEE3 ,JOSE ,CORBALAN ,GIL1 ,JU/ICIA1 NO V5GANZA4 ,LOS EJECUTADOS POR EL FRANQUISMO 5 ,B>CELONA 7#a#i#c#i-#a#i#e#b7 .<,JU/ICE1 ,NOT ,V5GEANCE4 ,EXECUTIONS UND] ,FRANCO'S ,REGIME 9 ,B>CELONA.>1 $ITORIAL ,SIL5TE1 ,GUADALAJ>A1 #b#h4 

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