,9TRODUCTION 

#agibagib 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,M>Y ,WOLL/ONECRAFT 

,TEXT 3 

,AFT] CONSID]+ ! HI/ORIC PAGE1 & VIEW+ ! LIV+ WORLD 
) ANXI\S SOLICITUDE1 ! MO/ MELAN*OLY EMOTIONS ( SORR[FUL 
9DIGNATION HAVE DEPRESS$ MY SPIRITS1 & ,I HAVE SI<$ :5 
OBLIG$ TO CONFESS1 ?AT EI!R NATURE HAS MADE A GREAT DIFF]5CE 
BETWE5 MAN & MAN1 OR ?AT ! CIVILIZATION1 :I* HAS HI!RTO 
TAK5 PLACE 9 ! WORLD1 HAS BE5 V]Y P>TIAL4  ,I HAVE TURN$ 
OV] V>I\S BOOKS WRITT5 ON ! SUBJECT ( $UCATION1 & 
PATI5TLY OBS]V$ ! CONDUCT ( P>5TS & ! MANAGEM5T ( 
S*OOLS2 BUT :AT HAS BE5 ! RESULT8 A PR(\ND CONVICTION1 ?AT 
! NEGLECT$ $UCATION ( MY FELL[ CREATURES IS ! GR& S\RCE 
( ! MIS]Y ,I DEPLORE2 & ?AT WOM5 9 P>TICUL>1 >E R5D]$ 
WEAK & WRET*$ BY A V>IETY ( CONCURR+ CAUSES1 ORIG9AT+ 
FROM ONE HA/Y CONCLUSION4  ,! CONDUCT & MANN]S ( WOM51 9 
FACT1 EVID5TLY PROVE1 ?AT !IR M9DS >E NOT 9 A HEAL?Y /ATE2 
=1 LIKE ! FL[]S ?AT  >E PLANT$ 9 TOO RI* A SOIL1 
/R5G? & USEFULNESS >E SACRIFIC$ TO BEAUTY2 & ! FLAUNT+ 
LEAVES1 AFT] HAV+ PLEAS$ A FA/IDI\S EYE1 FADE1 DISREG>D$ ON 
! /ALK1 LONG BE=E ! SEASON :5 !Y \<T TO HAVE >RIV$ 
AT MATURITY4  ,ONE CAUSE ( ?IS B>R5 BLOOM+ ,I ATTRIBUTE TO A 
FALSE SY/EM ( $UCATION1 GA!R$ FROM ! BOOKS WRITT5 ON ?IS 
SUBJECT BY M51 :O1 CONSID]+ FEMALES RA!R AS WOM5 ?AN HUMAN 
CREATURES1 HAVE BE5 MORE ANXI\S TO MAKE !M ALLUR+ MI/RESSES 
?AN RATIONAL WIVES2 & ! UND]/&+ ( ! SEX HAS BE5 SO 
BUBBL$ BY ?IS SPECI\S HOMAGE1 ?AT ! CIVILIZ$ WOM5 ( ! 
PRES5T C5TURY1 ) A FEW EXCEPTIONS1 >E ONLY ANXI\S TO 9SPIRE 
LOVE1 :5 !Y \<T TO *]I% A NOBL] AMBITION1 & BY !IR 
ABILITIES & VIRTUES EXACT RESPECT4 

,9 A TREATISE1 !RE=E1 ON FEMALE RI<TS & MANN]S1 ! WORKS 
:I* HAVE BE5 P>TICUL>LY WRITT5 = !IR IMPROVEM5T MU/ NOT 
BE OV]LOOK$2 ESPECIALLY :5 IT IS ASS]T$1 9 DIRECT T]MS1 
?AT ! M9DS ( WOM5 >E 5FEEBL$ BY FALSE REF9EM5T2 ?AT ! 
BOOKS ( 9/RUCTION1 WRITT5 BY M5 ( G5IUS1 HAVE HAD ! SAME 
T5D5CY AS MORE FRIVOL\S PRODUCTIONS2 & ?AT1 9 ! TRUE /YLE 
( ,MAHOMETANISM1 !Y >E ONLY CONSID]$ AS FEMALES1 & NOT AS A 
P>T ( ! HUMAN SPECIES1 :5 IMPROVABLE REASON IS ALL[$ TO BE 
! DIGNIFI$ DI/9CTION1 :I* RAISES M5 ABOVE ! BRUTE 
CREATION1 & PUTS A NATURAL SCEPT] 9 A FEEBLE H&4 

,YET1 BECAUSE ,I AM A WOMAN1 ,I W\LD NOT LEAD MY READ]S TO SUPPOSE1 
?AT ,I MEAN VIOL5TLY TO AGITATE ! CONTE/$ QUE/ION RESPECT+ 
! EQUALITY & 9F]IORITY ( ! SEX2 BUT AS ! SUBJECT LIES 9 
MY WAY1 & ,I CANNOT PASS IT OV] )\T SUBJECT+ ! MA9 
T5D5CY ( MY REASON+ TO MISCON/RUCTION1 ,I %ALL /OP A MOM5T 
TO DELIV]1 9 A FEW WORDS1 MY OP9ION4  ,9 ! GOV]NM5T ( ! 
PHYSICAL WORLD1 IT IS OBS]VABLE ?AT ! FEMALE1 9 G5]AL1 IS 
9F]IOR TO ! MALE4  ,! MALE PURSUES1 ! FEMALE YIELDS--?IS IS 
! LAW ( NATURE2 & IT DOES NOT APPE> TO BE SUSP5D$ OR 
ABROGAT$ 9 FAVOR ( WOMAN4  ,?IS PHYSICAL SUP]IORITY CANNOT BE 
D5I$--& IT IS A NOBLE PR]OGATIVE6  ,BUT NOT CONT5T ) ?IS 
NATURAL PREEM95CE1 M5 5DEAVOR TO S9K US /ILL L[]1 M]ELY 
TO R5D] US ALLUR+ OBJECTS = A MOM5T2 & WOM51 9TOXICAT$ 
BY ! ADORATION :I* M51 UND] ! 9FLU5CE ( !IR S5SES1 
PAY !M1 DO NOT SEEK TO OBTA9 A DURABLE 9T]E/ 9 !IR HE>TS1 
OR TO BECOME ! FRI5DS ( ! FELL[ CREATURES :O F9D AMUSEM5T 
9 !IR SOCIETY4 

,I AM AW>E ( AN OBVI\S 9F]5CE3 FROM EV]Y QU>T] HAVE ,I HE>D 
EXCLAMATIONS AGA9/ MASCUL9E WOM52 BUT :]E >E !Y TO BE 
F\ND8  ,IF1 BY ?IS APPELLATION1 M5 MEAN TO 9VEI< AGA9/ !IR 
>DOR 9 HUNT+1 %OOT+1 & GAM+1 ,I %ALL MO/ CORDIALLY 
JO9 9 ! CRY2 BUT IF IT BE1 AGA9/ ! IMITATION ( MANLY 
VIRTUES1 OR1 MORE PROP]LY SPEAK+1 ! ATTA9M5T ( ?OSE 
TAL5TS & VIRTUES1 ! EX]CISE ( :I* 5NOBLES ! HUMAN 
*>ACT]1 & :I* RAISE FEMALES 9 ! SCALE ( ANIMAL BE+1 
:5 !Y >E COMPREH5SIVELY T]M$ MANK9D--ALL ?OSE :O VIEW 
!M ) A PHILOSOPHICAL EYE MU/1 ,I %\LD ?9K1 WI% ) ME1 
?AT !Y MAY EV]Y DAY GR[ MORE & MORE MASCUL9E4 

,?IS DISCUSSION NATURALLY DIVIDES ! SUBJECT4  ,I %ALL FIR/ 
CONSID] WOM5 9 ! GR& LI<T ( HUMAN CREATURES1 :O1 9 
COMMON ) M51 >E PLAC$ ON ?IS E>? TO UNFOLD !IR 
FACULTIES2 & AFT]W>DS ,I %ALL MORE P>TICUL>LY PO9T \T !IR 
PECULI> DESIGNATION4 

,I WI% ALSO TO /E] CLE> ( AN ]ROR1 :I* MANY RESPECTABLE 
WRIT]S HAVE FALL5 9TO2 = ! 9/RUCTION :I* HAS HI!RTO 
BE5 ADDRESS$ TO WOM51 HAS RA!R BE5 APPLICABLE TO ,L,A,D,I,E,S1 IF 
! LITTLE 9DIRECT ADVICE1 ?AT IS SCATT]$ ?R\< ,S&=D & 
,M]TON1 BE EXCEPT$2 BUT1 ADDRESS+ MY SEX 9 A FIRM] TONE1 ,I PAY 
P>TICUL> ATT5TION TO ?OSE 9 ! MIDDLE CLASS1 BECAUSE !Y 
APPE> TO BE 9 ! MO/ NATURAL /ATE4  ,P]HAPS ! SE$S ( FALSE 
REF9EM5T1 IMMORALITY1 & VANITY HAVE EV] BE5 %$ BY ! 
GREAT4  ,WEAK1 >TIFICIAL BE+S RAIS$ ABOVE ! COMMON WANTS & 
AFFECTIONS ( !IR RACE1 9 A PREMATURE UNNATURAL MANN]1 
UND]M9E ! V]Y F\NDATION ( VIRTUE1 & SPREAD CORRUPTION 
?R\< ! :OLE MASS ( SOCIETY6  ,AS A CLASS ( MANK9D !Y HAVE 
! /RONGE/ CLAIM TO PITY6 ! $UCATION ( ! RI* T5DS TO 
R5D] !M VA9 & HELPLESS1 & ! UNFOLD+ M9D IS NOT 
/R5G!N$ BY ! PRACTICE ( ?OSE DUTIES :I* DIGNIFY ! 
HUMAN *>ACT]4  ,!Y ONLY LIVE TO AMUSE !MSELVES1 & BY ! 
SAME LAW :I* 9 NATURE 9V>IABLY PRODUCES C]TA9 EFFECTS1 !Y 
SOON ONLY AF=D B>R5 AMUSEM5T4 

,BUT AS ,I PURPOSE TAK+ A SEP>ATE VIEW ( ! DIFF]5T RANKS ( 
SOCIETY1 & ( ! MORAL *>ACT] ( WOM51 9 EA*1 ?IS H9T 
IS1 = ! PRES5T1 SUFFICI5T2 & ,I HAVE ONLY ALLUD$ TO ! 
SUBJECT1 BECAUSE IT APPE>S TO ME TO BE ! V]Y ESS5CE ( AN 
9TRODUCTION TO GIVE A CURSORY ACC\NT ( ! CONT5TS ( ! WORK 
IT 9TRODUCES4 

,MY [N SEX1 ,I HOPE1 WILL EXCUSE ME1 IF ,I TREAT !M LIKE RATIONAL 
CREATURES1 9/EAD ( FLATT]+ !IR ,F,A,S,C,9,A,T,+ GRACES1 & 
VIEW+ !M AS IF !Y W]E 9 A /ATE ( P]PETUAL *ILDHOOD1 
UNABLE TO /& ALONE4  ,I E>NE/LY WI% TO PO9T \T 9 :AT TRUE 
DIGNITY & HUMAN HAPP9ESS CONSI/S--,I WI% TO P]SUADE WOM5 TO 
5DEAVOR TO ACQUIRE /R5G?1 BO? ( M9D & BODY1 & TO 
CONV9CE !M1 ?AT ! S(T PHRASES1 SUSCEPTIBILITY ( HE>T1 
DELICACY ( S5TIM5T1 & REF9EM5T ( TA/E1 >E ALMO/ 
SYNONYM\S ) EPI!TS ( WEAKNESS1 & ?AT ?OSE BE+S :O >E 
ONLY ! OBJECTS ( PITY & ?AT K9D ( LOVE1 :I* HAS BE5 
T]M$ ITS SI/]1 WILL SOON BECOME OBJECTS ( CONTEMPT4 

,DISMISS+ !N ?OSE PRETTY FEM99E PHRASES1 :I* ! M5 
CONDESC5D+LY USE TO S(T5 \R SLAVI% DEP5D5CE1 & DESPIS+ 
?AT WEAK ELEGANCY ( M9D1 EXQUISITE S5SIBILITY1 & SWEET 
DOCILITY ( MANN]S1 SUPPOS$ TO BE ! SEXUAL *>ACT]I/ICS ( 
! WEAK] VESSEL1 ,I WI% TO %[ ?AT ELEGANCE IS 9F]IOR TO 
VIRTUE1 ?AT ! FIR/ OBJECT ( LAUDABLE AMBITION IS TO OBTA9 A 
*>ACT] AS A HUMAN BE+1 REG>DLESS ( ! DI/9CTION ( SEX2 
& ?AT SECOND>Y VIEWS %\LD BE BR\<T TO ?IS SIMPLE 
T\*/ONE4 

,?IS IS A R\< SKET* ( MY PLAN2 & %\LD ,I EXPRESS MY 
CONVICTION ) ! 5]GETIC EMOTIONS ?AT ,I FEEL :5EV] ,I ?9K 
( ! SUBJECT1 ! DICTATES ( EXP]I5CE & REFLECTION WILL BE 
FELT BY SOME ( MY READ]S4  ,ANIMAT$ BY ?IS IMPORTANT OBJECT1 ,I 
%ALL DISDA9 TO CULL MY PHRASES OR POLI% MY /YLE--,I AIM AT BE+ 
USEFUL1 & S9C]ITY WILL R5D] ME UNAFFECT$2 = WI%+ RA!R 
TO P]SUADE BY ! =CE ( MY >GUM5TS1 ?AN DAZZLE BY ! 
ELEGANCE ( MY LANGUAGE1 ,I %ALL NOT WA/E MY TIME 9 R\ND+ 
P]IODS1 NOR 9 FABRICAT+ ! TURGID BOMBA/ ( >TIFICIAL 
FEEL+S1 :I*1 COM+ FROM ! HEAD1 NEV] REA* ! HE>T4  ,I 
%ALL BE EMPLOY$ AB\T ?+S1 NOT WORDS6 &1 ANXI\S TO R5D] 
MY SEX MORE RESPECTABLE MEMB]S ( SOCIETY1 ,I %ALL TRY TO AVOID 
?AT FL[]Y DICTION :I* HAS SLID$ FROM ESSAYS 9TO NOVELS1 & 
FROM NOVELS 9TO FAMILI> LETT]S & CONV]SATION4 

,!SE PRETTY NO?+S1 !SE C>ICATURES ( ! REAL BEAUTY ( 
S5SIBILITY1 DROPP+ GLIBLY FROM ! TONGUE1 VITIATE ! TA/E1 
& CREATE A K9D ( SICKLY DELICACY ?AT TURNS AWAY FROM SIMPLE 
UNADORN$ TRU?2 & A DELUGE ( FALSE S5TIM5TS & 
OV]-/RET*$ FEEL+S1 /IFL+ ! NATURAL EMOTIONS ( ! 
HE>T1 R5D] ! DOME/IC PLEASURES 9SIPID1 ?AT \<T TO SWEET5 
! EX]CISE ( ?OSE SEV]E DUTIES1 :I* $UCATE A RATIONAL & 
IMMORTAL BE+ = A NOBL] FIELD ( ACTION4 

,! $UCATION ( WOM5 HAS1 ( LATE1 BE5 MORE ATT5D$ TO ?AN 
=M]LY2 YET !Y >E /ILL RECKON$ A FRIVOL\S SEX1 & 
RIDICUL$ OR PITI$ BY ! WRIT]S :O 5DEAVOR BY SATIRE OR 
9/RUCTION TO IMPROVE !M4  ,IT IS ACKN[L$G$ ?AT !Y SP5D 
MANY ( ! FIR/ YE>S ( !IR LIVES 9 ACQUIR+ A SMATT]+ ( 
ACCOMPLI%M5TS3  MEAN:ILE1 /R5G? ( BODY & M9D >E 
SACRIFIC$ TO LIB]T9E NOTIONS ( BEAUTY1 TO ! DESIRE ( 
E/ABLI%+ !MSELVES1 ! ONLY WAY WOM5 CAN RISE 9 ! 
WORLD--BY M>RIAGE4  ,& ?IS DESIRE MAK+ M]E ANIMALS ( !M1 
:5 !Y M>RY1 !Y ACT AS SU* *ILDR5 MAY BE EXPECT$ TO ACT3 
!Y DRESS2 !Y PA9T1 & NICKNAME ,GOD'S CREATURES4  ,SURELY !SE 
WEAK BE+S >E ONLY FIT = ! S]AGLIO6  ,CAN !Y GOV]N A 
FAMILY1 OR TAKE C>E ( ! POOR BABES :OM !Y BR+ 9TO ! 
WORLD8 

,IF !N IT CAN BE FAIRLY D$UC$ FROM ! PRES5T CONDUCT ( ! 
SEX1 FROM ! PREVAL5T FONDNESS = PLEASURE1 :I* TAKES PLACE ( 
AMBITION & ?OSE NOBL] PASSIONS ?AT OP5 & 5L>GE ! S\L2 
?AT ! 9/RUCTION :I* WOM5 HAVE RECEIV$ HAS ONLY T5D$1 
) ! CON/ITUTION ( CIVIL SOCIETY1 TO R5D] !M 
9SIGNIFICANT OBJECTS ( DESIRE2 M]E PROPAGATORS ( FOOLS6 IF IT 
CAN BE PROV$1 ?AT 9 AIM+ TO ACCOMPLI% !M1 )\T 
CULTIVAT+ !IR UND]/&+S1 !Y >E TAK5 \T ( !IR 
SPH]E ( DUTIES1 & MADE RIDICUL\S & USELESS :5 ! %ORT 
LIV$ BLOOM ( BEAUTY IS OV]"91 ,I PRESUME ?AT ,R,A,T,I,O,N,A,L M5 WILL 
EXCUSE ME = 5DEAVOR+ TO P]SUADE !M TO BECOME MORE 
MASCUL9E & RESPECTABLE4 

7"9,FOOTNOTE4  ,A LIVELY WRIT]1 ,I CANNOT RECOLLECT HIS NAME1 ASKS 
:AT BUS9ESS WOM5 TURN$ ( =TY HAVE TO DO 9 ! WORLD47 

,9DE$ ! WORD MASCUL9E IS ONLY A BUGBE>3  !RE IS LITTLE 
REASON TO FE> ?AT WOM5 WILL ACQUIRE TOO MU* C\RAGE OR 
=TITUDE2 = !IR APP>5T 9F]IORITY ) RESPECT TO BODILY 
/R5G?1 MU/ R5D] !M1 9 SOME DEGREE1 DEP5D5T ON M5 9 ! 
V>I\S RELATIONS ( LIFE2 BUT :Y %\LD IT BE 9CREAS$ BY 
PREJUDICES ?AT GIVE A SEX TO VIRTUE1 & CONF\ND SIMPLE TRU?S 
) S5SUAL REV]IES8 

,WOM5 >E1 9 FACT1 SO MU* DEGRAD$ BY MI/AK5 NOTIONS ( FEMALE 
EXCELL5CE1 ?AT ,I DO NOT MEAN TO ADD A P>ADOX :5 ,I ASS]T1 ?AT 
?IS >TIFICIAL WEAKNESS PRODUCES A PROP5SITY TO TYRANNIZE1 & 
GIVES BIR? TO CUNN+1 ! NATURAL OPPON5T ( /R5G?1 :I* 
LEADS !M TO PLAY (F ?OSE CONTEMPTIBLE 9FANTILE AIRS ?AT 
UND]M9E E/EEM EV5 :IL/ !Y EXCITE DESIRE4  ,DO NOT FO/] 
!SE PREJUDICES1 & !Y WILL NATURALLY FALL 9TO !IR 
SUBORD9ATE1 YET RESPECTABLE /ATION 9 LIFE4 

,IT SEEMS SC>CELY NECESS>Y TO SAY1 ?AT ,I N[ SPEAK ( ! SEX 9 
G5]AL4  ,MANY 9DIVIDUALS HAVE MORE S5SE ?AN !IR MALE 
RELATIVES2 &1 AS NO?+ PREPOND]ATES :]E !RE IS A CON/ANT 
/RUGGLE = AN EQUILIBRIUM1 )\T IT HAS NATURALLY MORE GRAVITY1 
SOME WOM5 GOV]N !IR HUSB&S )\T DEGRAD+ !MSELVES1 
BECAUSE 9TELLECT WILL ALWAYS GOV]N4 

,FROM 3 ,GUT5B]G4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,NOVEMB] #c1 #agia 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,PUBLICATION4 
,DECEMB] #a#i1 #bba 3 ,9TRODUCTION -- ,ADD$4 

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