,*APT] #h 
,ON ! ,SOCIAL ,UPHEAVAL 7#a#h#g7 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,MIKHAIL ,BAKUN9 

,TEXT 3 

,LE ,BEVEIL DU ,PEUPLE = ,SEPTEMB] & ,OCTOB]1 #a#h#g1 PUBLI%$ AN IMPORTANT SUMM>Y ( AN >TICLE BY ,MI*AEL ,BAKUN9 ON ! QUE/ION ( ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL4 ,BAKUN9 D5\NCES ALL =MS ( RE=MI/ ACTIVITY AS BE+ 9IMICAL TO ! EMANCIPATION ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & PROCE$S TO ATTACK3 !SE :O ADVOCATE A MORE POLITICAL REVOLUTION1 BR\<T AB\T ACCORD+ TO ! CON/ITUTIONAL =MS ( CAPITALI/ SOCIETY1 & ?R\< ! M$IUM ( ITS1 P>LIAM5T>Y MA*9E1 9 OPPOSITION TO A DIRECT SOCIAL REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE EFFECT$ BY ! WORK]S ?R\< ! M$IUM ( !IR [N POLITICAL 9DU/RIAL ORGANIZATION1 

,BAKUN9 >GUES ?AT ! FACT ?AT WAGES PRACTICALLY NEV] RISE ABOVE ! B>E LEVEL ( SUBSI/5CE R5D]S IT IMPOSSIBLE = ! WORK]S TO SECURE 9CREAS$ WELL-BE+ UND] B\RGEOIS SOCIETY4 ,) ! PROGRESS ( CAPITALI/ CIVILIZATION1 ! GULF BETWE5 ! TWO CLASSES GAPES WID] & WID]4 

,IT FOLL[S FROM ?IS1 ALSO1 ?AT 9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC & FREE C5TURIES1 SU* AS ,5GL&1 ,BELGIUM1 ,SWITZ]L&1 & ! ,U4,S4,A41 ! FRE$OM & POLITICAL RI<TS :I* ! WORK]S 5JOY O/5SIBLY >E M]ELY FICTITI\S4 ,!Y1 :O >E SLAVES TO !IR MA/]S 9 ! SOCIAL S5SE >E SLAVES ALSO 9 ! POLITICAL S5SE4 ,!Y HAVE NEI!R ! $UCATION1 NOR ! LEISURE1 NOR ! 9DEP5D5CE :I* >E SO ABSOLUTELY NECESS>Y = ! FREE & ?\<TFUL EX]CISE ( !IR RI<TS ( CITIZ5%IP4 ,9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC C\NTRIES1 !SE 9 :I* !RE IS UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 !Y HAVE ONE DAY ( MA/]Y1 OR RA!R ( ,SATURNALIA1 ,ELECTION DAY4 ,ONCE ?IS DAY1 ! B\RGEOISIE1 !IR DAILY OPPRESSORS & EXPLOIT]S1 COME BE=E !M1 HAT 9 H& & TALK ( EQUALITY1 BRO!RHOOD1 & CALL !M A SOV]EIGN PEOPLE1 :OSE V]Y HUMBLE S]VANTS & REPRES5TATIVES !Y WI% TO BE4 ,ONCE ?IS DAY IS PASS$1 FRAT]NITY & EQUALITY DISP]SE LIKE SMOKE2 ! B\RGEOISIE BECOME ONCE MORE ! B\RGEOISIE2 & ! PROLET>IAT1 ! SOV]EIGN PEOPLE1 CONT9UO 9 !IR SLAV]Y4 ,?IS IS :Y ! SY/EM ( REPRES5TATIVE DEMOCRACY IS SO MU* APPLAUD$ BY ! RADICAL B\RGEOISIE1 EV5 :5 9 A POPUL> DIRECTION1 IT IS IMPROV$1 COMPLET$1 & DEVELOP$ ?R\< ! REF]5DUM & ! DIRECT LEGISLATION ( ! PEOPLE1 9 :I* =M IT IS SO /R5U\SLY ADVOCAT$ BY A C]TA9 S*OOL ( ,G]MANS1 :O /RONGLY CALL !MSELVES ,SOCIALI/S4 

,=1 SO LONG AS ! PEOPLE REMA9 SLAVES ECONOMICALLY1 !Y WILL ALSO REMA9 SLAVES POLITICALLY1 EXPRESS !IR S5TIM5TS AS SU*1 & SUBORD9ATE !MSELVES TO ! B\RGEOISIE1 :O RELY UPON ! CONT9UANCE ( ! VOTE SY/EM = ! PRES]VATION ( !IR AU?ORITY4 

,DOES ?AT MEAN ?AT WE REVOLUTION>Y ,SOCIALI/S >E OPPOS$ TO UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE1 & PREF] LIMIT$ SUFFRAGE OR ! DESPOTISM ( AN 9DIVIDUAL8 ,BY NO MEANS4 ,:AT WE ASS]T IS1 ?AT1 UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE 9 ITSELF1 BAS$ AS IT ON ECONOMIC & SOCIAL 9EQUALITY1 WILL NEV] BE = ! PEOPLE ANY?+ BUT A BAIT1 & ?AT FROM ! SIDE ( DEMOCRATIC B\RGEOIS$OM1 IT WILL NEV] BE \<T BUT A %AMEFUL LIE1 ! SURE/ IMPLEM5T = /R5G!N+1 ) A MAKE-BELIEVE ( LIB]ALISM & JU/ICE1 ! ET]NAL DOM9ATION ( ! EXPLOIT+ & [+ CLASSES1 & SO SUPPRESS+ ! FRE$OM & 9T]E/S ( ! PEOPLE4 

0,CONSEQU5TLY WE D5Y ?AT ! UNIV]SAL FRAN*ISE 9 ITSELF IS A MEANS 9 ! H&S ( ! PEOPLE = ! A*IEVEM5T ( ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY40 

0,ON ?IS GR\ND WE ASSORT ?AT ! SO-CALL$ ,SOCIAL1 ,DEMOCRATS1 :O1 9 !SE C\NTRIES1 :ORE UNIV]SAL SUFFRAGE DOES NOT EXI/ YET1 EX]T !MSELVES TO P]SUADE ! PEOPLE ?AT !Y MU/ A*IEVE ?IS BE=E ALL ELSE -- AS TODAY ! LEAD]S ( ! ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATIC ,P>TY >E DO+ :5 !Y TELL ! PEOPLE ?AT POLITICAL FRE$OM IS A NECESS>Y CONDITION TO ! ATTA9M5T ( ECONOMIC FRE$OM -- >E !MSELVES EI!R ! VICTIMS ( A FATAL ]ROR OR !Y >E *>LATANS4 ,DO !Y REALLY NOT KN[1 OR DO !Y PRET5D NOT TO KN[1 ?AT ?IS PREC$+ POLITICAL FRE$OM I4E41 ?AT :I* NECESS>ILY EXI/S )\T ECONOMIC & SOCIAL EQUALITY1 S9CE IT %\LD HAVE TO PREC$E !SE TWO FUNDAM5TAL EQUALITIES1 WILL BE ESS5TIALLY B\RGEOIS FRE$OM1 I4E41F\ND$ ON ! ECONOMIC DEP5D5CE ( ! PEOPLE1 & CONSEQU5TLY 9CAPABLE ( BR9+ =? ITS OPPOSITION1 ! ECONOMIC & SOCIAL1 & CREAT+ SU* ECONOMIC FRE$OM AS LEADS TO ! EXCLUSIVE FRE$OM ( ONLY ! B\RGEOISIE80 

0,>E !SE PECULI> ,SOCIAL ,DEMOCRATS VICTIMS TO A FALLACY OR >E !Y BETRAY]S8 ,?AT IS A V]Y DELICATE QUE/ION1 :I* ,I PREF] NOT TO EXAM9E TOE CLOSELY4 ,TO ME IT IS C]TA91 ?AT !RE >E NO WORSE 5EMIES ( ! PEOPLE ?AN !SE :O TRY TO TURN !M AWAY FROM ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL1 ! ONLY *ANGE ?AT CAN GIVE !M REAL FRE$OM1 JU/ICE1 & WELL BE+ 9 ORD] TO DRAW !M AGA9 9TO ! TREA*]\S PA? ( RE=MS1 OR ( REVOLUTIONS ( AN EXCLUSIVELY POLITICAL *>ACT] :OSE TOOL1 VICTIM & DEPUTY ! SOCIAL DEMOCRACY ALWAYS HAS BE540 

,BAKUN9 !N PREC$ES TO PO9T \T ?AT ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL DOES NOT EXCLUDE ! POLITICAL ONE4 ,IT ONLY MEANS ?AT ! POLITICAL 9/ITUTIONS %ALL ALT] NEI!R BE=E NOR AFT]1 BUT TOGE!R ) ! ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS4 

0,! POLITICAL UPHEAVAL1 SIMULTANE\SLY ) & REALLY 9SEP>ABLE FROM ! SOCIAL UPHEAVAL1 :OSE NEGATIVE EXPRESSION OR NEGATIVE MANIFE/ATION IT WILL1 SO TO SPEAK1 BE1 WILL NO LONG] BE A RE=MATION1 BUT A GR&IOSE LIQUIDATION40 

0,! PEOPLE >E 9/9CTIVELY MI/RU/FUL ( EV]Y GOV]NM5T4 :5 Y\ PROMISE !M NICE ?+S1 !Y SAY3 -- ',Y\ TALK SO BECAUSE Y\ >E NOT YET AT ! RUDD]4' ,A LETT] FROM ,JOHN ,BRI<T TO HIS ELECTORS1 :5 HE BECAME M9I/]1 SAYS3 -- ',! VOT]S %\LD NOT EXPECT HIM TO ACT ACCORD+ TO :AT HE US$ TO SAY3 IT IS SOME:AT DIFF]5T SPEAK+ 9 OPPOSITION & DIFF]5T ACT+ AS A M9I/]4' ,SIMIL>LY SPOKE A MEMB] ( ! ,9T]NATIONAL1 A V]Y HONE/ ,SOCIALI/1 :5 9 ,SEPTEMB]1 #a#h#g1 HE BECAME ! P]FECT ( A V]Y REPUBLICAN M9D$ DEP>TM5T4 ,HE 'RETA9S HIS OLD VIEWS1 BUT N[ HE IS COMPELL$ TO ACT 9 OPPOSITION TO !M40 

,BAKUN9 ASSORTS ?AT BO? >E QUITE RI<T4 ,!RE=E IT DOES NOT AVAIL TO *ANGE ! P]SONNEL ( ! GOV]NM5T4 ,HE PROCE$S TO TREAT ( ! 9EVITABLE CORRUPTION ?AT FOLL[S FROM AU?ORITY1 & 9SI/S ?AT EV]YONE :O ATTA9S TO P[] MU/ SUCCUMB TO SU* CORRUPTION S9CE HE MU/ S]VE & CONS]VE RUL+-CLASS ECONOMIC RI<TS4 

,FROM 3 ,!,AN>*I/,LIBR>Y4ORG4 

,*RONOLOGY 3 
,APRIL #i1 #bba 3 ,*APT] #h -- ,ADD$4 

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