,NOTES ,PEOPLE 3 ,AU?OR 3 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS ,TEXT 3 .<#a.> ,REPRES5T+ ! CONS]VATIVE 5D ( ! ACADEMIC SPECTRUM1 ) N>RATIVES ?AT >E FREQU5TLY ,EUROC5TRIC & /ATE-PRIVILEG+1 WE HAVE ! COLLECTION $IT$ BY ,GR991 ,BOND>5KO1 ET AL4 ,!Y ACKN[L$GE ?AT 0N[ADAYS PO/ULATES AB\T ! /ATE AS ! ONLY POSSIBLE =M ( POLITICAL & SOCIOCULTURAL ORGANIZATION ( ! PO/-PRIMITIVE SOCIETY1 AB\T A PRIORI HI<] LEVEL ( DEVELOPM5T ( A /ATE SOCIETY 9 COMP>ISON ) ANY NON-/ATE ONE DO NOT SEEM SO UND5IABLE AS A FEW YE>S AGO4 ,IT HAS BECOME EVID5T ?AT ! NON-/ATE SOCIETIES >E NOT NECESS>ILY LESS COMPLEX & LESS EFFICI5T0 7,BOND>5KO1 ,GR991 & ,KOROTAYEV1 0,ALT]NATIVES ( ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION0 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 $IT$ BY ,LEONID ,E4 ,GR991 ,ROB]T ,L4 ,C>NEIRO1 ,DMITRI ,M4 ,BOND>5KO1 ,NIKOLAY ,N4 ,KRAD91 & ,&REY ,V4 ,KOROTAYEV .<,VOLGOGRAD1 ,RUSSIA3 ,U*ITEL ,PUBLI%+ ,H\SE1 #b#d.>1 #e74 ,NOTE ?AT :ILE QUE/ION+ ! UNIL9EAL /ATI/ MY?OLOGY1 ! IDEA ?AT HI/ORY COMES D[N ON A S+LE TRACK1 CALL$ PROGRESS--?US ! PRES5T SOCIAL =MS >E ! BE/ YET--!Y /ILL CLEAVE TO ,EUROC5TRIC & ULTIMATELY /ATI/ CONCEPTS LIKE 0PRIMITIVE10 L9E> COMPLEXITY 7AS 91 MORE OR LESS COMPLEX1 UTILIZ+ CULTURALLY SPECIFIC CRIT]IA ?AT FAVOR ,WE/]N CIVILIZATION74 ,!Y ALSO FREQU5TLY IMPOSE ,WE/]N MEAN+S ?AT PRIVILEGE A C]TA91 CYNICAL VISION ( P[] 9 HUMAN RELATIONS1 ON SOCIAL /RUCTURES1 CU/OMS1 & 9T]ACTIONS 9 SOCIETIES OP]AT+ UND] A COMPLETELY DIFF]5T P>ADIGM1 )\T %[+ ! SLIE UND]/OOD 9 ?OSE SOCIETIES4 ,ON ! P>ASITICAL NATURE ( /ATES1 SEE ,JAMES ,C4 ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$3 ,AN ,AN>*I/ ,HI/ORY ( ,UPL& ,S\!A/ ,ASIA 7,NEW ,HAV53 ,YALE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#i74 ,= EXAMPLES ( /ATELESS SOCIETIES ORGANIZ+ COMPLEX 9FRA/RUCTURE & TE*NOLOGIES1 SEE ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS1 ,AN>*Y ,WORKS 7,B]KELEY3 ,>D5T ,PRESS1 #b#a74 .<#b.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ! HI/ORY ( RESI/ANCE UND] ! ,BRITI% ,EMPIRE1 ,ANTO9ETTE ,BURTON1 ,! ,TR\BLE ) ,EMPIRE3 ,*ALL5GES TO ,MOD]N ,BRITI% ,IMP]IALISM 7,OX=D3 ,OX=D ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #b#a#e74 .<#c.> ,?\< PRIMITIVISM IS USUALLY ! ONLY ONE ( !SE APPROA*ES ACCUS$ ( IDEOLOGICAL *]RY-PICK+1 !Y ALL BR+ TO !IR HI/ORICAL ANALYSIS ! V]Y VISION !Y SEEK TO PROVE2 TO PRIMITIVISM1 HI/ORY IS A LIE COV]+ ! PRIM>Y EVIL ( CIVILIZATION2 TO DIALECTICAL MAT]IALISM IT IS AN OBJECTIVE T5SION ( PRODUCTIVE =CES2 & TO 5VIRONM5TAL DET]M9ISM A ME*ANI/IC & HUMANI/IC BELIEF ?AT EV]YONE1 EV]Y:]E1 IS ! SAME1 MOV$ ONLY BY ! PRIMACY ( ?AT PHYSICAL 5VIRONM5T :I* CAN BE CLAIM$ TO PR$ATE & ?US DET]M9E HUMAN ACTIVITY4 ,SEE ,FR$]I* ,5GELS1 ,! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,FAMILY1 ,PRIVATE ,PROP]TY1 & ! ,/ATE 7#a#h#h#d7 = ! MAT]IALI/ VIEW2 ,J>$ ,DIAMOND1 ,GUNS1 ,G]MS1 & ,/EEL 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,W4,W4 ,NORTON1 #a#i#i#g7 = 5VIRONM5TAL DET]M9ISM2 & ON PRIMITIVISM ,JOHN ,Z]ZAN1 ,FUTURE ,PRIMITIVE & ,O!R ,ESSAYS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,AUTONOM$IA1 #a#i#i#d74 .<#d.> ,BAKUN9 0,R\SSEAU'S ,!ORY ( ! ,/ATE0 7#a#h#g#c7 & ,/ATISM & ,AN>*Y 7#a#h#g#c71 ,LEONID ,E4 ,GR991 0,! ,E>LY ,/ATE & ,ITS ,ANALOGS3 ,A ,COMP>ATIVE ,ANALYSIS10 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 $IT$ BY ,GR991 ,C>NEIRO1 ,BOND>5KO1 ET AL41 #h#h-#a#c#f2 & ,DMITRI ,M4 ,BOND>5KO1 0,K9%IP1 ,T]RITORIALITY & ! ,E>LY ,/ATE ,L[] ,LIMIT10 9 ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION & ,HI/ORY #g1 ,NO4 #a1 $IT$ BY ,H5RI ,J4,M4 ,CLAESS51 ,]NEE ,HAGE/EIJN1 & ,PIET] VAN DE ,VELDE 7,MOSC[3 ,U*ITEL ,PUBLI%+ ,H\SE1 #b#h71 #a#i-#e#c4 .<#e.> ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES1 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE3 ,ESSAYS 9 ,POLITICAL ,AN?ROPOLOGY1 TRANS4 ,ROB]T ,HURLEY1 ,ABE ,/E9 7#a#i#g#d2 REPR41 ,NEW ,YORK3 ,ZONE ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#i74 ,*RI/OPH] ,BOEHM1 0,EGALIT>IAN ,BEHAVIOR & ,REV]SE ,DOM9ANCE ,HI]>*Y10 ,CURR5T ,AN?ROPOLOGY #c#d1 ,NO4 #c 7,JUNE #a#i#i#c74 .<#f.> ,CLA/RES1 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 #d#i4 .<#g.> ,BOND>5KO1 ,GR991 & ,KOROTAYEV1 0,ALT]NATIVES ( ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION10 #f4 .<#h.> ,CLA/RES1 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 #a#i#d-#i#e4 .<#i.> ,QUOTES & CRITICISMS ( ,M>XISM FROM ,T>IQ ,KHAN'S 0',COME ,O ,LIONS6 ,LET ,US ,CAUSE A ,MUT9Y3' ,AN>*ISM & ! ,SUBALT]N10 ,9/ITUTE = ,AN>*I/ ,/UDIES1 AN>*I//UDIES4ORG1 ,APRIL #b1 #b#a#e1 :I* SUMM>IZES ! OPPOS+ TAKES ( AN>*ISM & ,M>XISM ON IMP]IALISM1 PEASANT & 9DIG5\S POPULATIONS1 & ANTI-COLONIAL MOVEM5TS4 ,ON ! ,AFRICAN MODE ( PRODUCTION1 SEE ,CA!R9E ,COQU]Y-,VIDROVIT* ,CA!R9E1 0,RESE>* ON AN ,AFRICAN ,MODE ( ,PRODUCTION0 9 ,P]SPECTIVES ON ! ,AFRICAN ,PA/1 $IT$ BY ,M4,A4 ,KLE9 & ,G4,W4 ,JOHNSON 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,LITTLE1 ,BR[N & ,COMPANY1 #a#i#g#b74 ,= A TYPICAL ,M>XI/ VIEW ( A NON-,WE/]N SOCIETY PRACTIC+ 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNISM10 SEE ,L4 ,BAUD91 ,UNE !OCRATIE SOCIALI/E3 L',ETAT JESUITE DU ,P>AGUAY 7,P>IS3 ,G591 #a#i#f#b74 ,REG>D+ ! ,GU>ANI TRIBE1 ! AU?OR ASS]TS ?AT1 0!IR M5TALITY IS ?AT ( A *ILD0 7#a#d74 ,& AS WE AN>*I/S PREF] TO BASE \R EVALUATIONS ON ACTIONS RA!R ?AN WORDS1 IT IS WOR? NOT+ ?AT EV]Y S+LE ,M>XI/-9SPIR$ REGIME TO DATE HAS C>RI$ \T G5OCIDAL POLICIES AGA9/ ANY 9DIG5\S OR NON-,WE/]N GR\P )9 ITS BORD]S1 AS IT S\TICUL> VISION ( ! ,WE/]N TRAJECTORY ( ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T4 ,?IS IS NO?+ BUT A SOCIALI/ ALT]NATIVE TO ! PRACTICES ( ! ,WORLD ,BANK & ,I,M,F4 ,WE W\LD DO WELL TO HE$ ! 9SI/5CE ( A RADICAL GR\P ( ,MAPU*E AT ! =EFRONT ( !IR /RUGGLE = L& RECLAMATION3 TO ID5TIFY !MSELVES AS PROLET>IAN W\LD BE TO WILL+LY COMPLETE ! PROCESS ( G5OCIDE ?AT1 9 !IR CASE1 HAS NOT YET FULLY ]AS$ !IR TRADITIONAL1 COMMUNAL WAY ( LIV+4 ,I ?9K IT IS FAIR TO ASS]T ?AT NEI!R ,M>X NOR ! VA/ MAJORITY ( ,M>XI/S :O HAVE HAD ACCESS TO /ATE P[] EV] 9T5D$ TO ALL[ 0PRIMITIVE COMMUNI/S0 A PLACE 9 !IR FUTURE WORLD4 .<#a.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,H>OLD ,B>CLAY1 ,PEOPLE ,)\T ,GOV]NM5T3 ,AN ,AN?ROPOLOGY ( ,AN>*Y 7,LONDON3 ,KAHN & ,AV]ILL1 #a#i#i#f72 & ,T$ ,KACZYNSKI1 0,LETT] TO A ,TURKI% ,AN>*I/10 !AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG1 #b#c4 .<#a#a.> ,P]LMAN1 :5 HE DECL>ES HE IS NOT AN AN>*I/1 DOES SO 9 DIRECT CONTRA/ TO CONTEMPOR>IES ( HIS :O DECL>E !MSELVES AN>*I/S BUT DO NOT LIVE UP1 9 ,P]LMAN'S EYES1 TO ! AN>*I/ IDEAL4 ,P]LMAN1 MEAN:ILE1 CONSI/5TLY *AMPIONS AN>*Y & AN>*ISM4 .<#a#b.> ,?\< ! WORD POLITOG5ESIS WAS ORIG9ALLY CO9$ AS A SYNONYM = /ATE =MATION1 MORE REC5TLY1 SOME S*OL>S TALK AB\T NON-/ATE ALT]NATIVES ( POLITOG5ESIS 7E4G4 ,BOND>5KO1 ,GR991 ,KOROTAYEV1 0,ALT5ATIVES ( ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION074 ,H[EV]1 GIV5 !IR LACK ( 9T]E/ 9 EXPLOR+ ! REALITY ( ANTI-AU?ORIT>IAN SOCIETIES 7OR MORE ACCURATELY1 !IR 9T]E/ 9 PREV5T+ ! EM]G5CE ( ANY SU* CATEGORY71 & GIV5 ! AN>*I/ CRITIQUE ( A FUNDAM5TAL SOCIAL ALI5ATION RESULT+ 9 ! DIVISION ( POLITICAL & ECONOMIC SPH]ES1 AN ALI5ATION ?AT IS NOT PRES5T 9 ALL SOCIETIES1 ,I OPT TO USE ! T]M 9 ITS ORIG9AL S5SE4 .<#a#c.> ,O!RS PROPOSE A F\R-LEVEL SITE-SIZE HI]>*Y 9 ! >*AEOLOGICAL RECORD TO QUALIFY AS A /ATE4 ,?IS CRIT]ION REQUIRES F\R TYPES ( SETTLEM5TS1 FROM ! SMALLE/--! H\SEHOLD OR HAMLET--TO ! VILLAGE1 TO ! REGIONAL CAPITAL1 TO ! L>GE/--! SUPREME CAPITAL 7,H4,T4 ,WRI* ON ! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,/ATE10 ,ANNUAL ,REVIEW ( ,AN?ROPOLOGY #f 7#a#i#g#g73 #c#g#i-#i#g74 ,H[EV]1 F\R LEVELS ( SETTLEM5TS C\LD BE 9CORPORAT$ 9 A ?REE-TI] POLITICAL ORGANIZATION1 AS ! SMALLE/ SETTLEM5TS W\LD BE TOO SMALL TO HO/ AG5TS ( ! C5TRAL AU?ORITY & W\LD BE POLITICALLY DEP5D5T ON ! NE>E/ VILLAGE1 ! SMALLE/ UNIT TO BE ORGANIZ$ BY ! C5TRAL AU?ORITY4 .<#a#d.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #b#a#a-#a#b4 .<#a#e.> ,IBID41 #b#e#h4 .<#a#f.> ,IBID4 .<#a#g.> ,= A FUR!R ELABORATION ( ?IS VIEW AS IT P]TA9S TO DIFF]+ /RATEGIES 9 A SOCIAL MOVEM5T 7DIRECT DEMOCRACY VS4 AN>*Y71 SEE ,ANONYM\S1 0,FIRE ,EXT+UI%]S & ,FIRE ,/>T]S3 ,AN>*I/ ,9T]V5TIONS 9 ! _?,SPANI%,REVOLUTION10 ,CRIME?,9C41 ,JUNE #b#a#a1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4CRIME?9C4COM_/TEXTS_/REC5TFEATURES_/B>C4PHP4 ,AS IT P]TA9S TO SOCIAL !ORY1 SEE ,M>IANNE ,MAECKELB]<1 ,! ,WILL ( ! ,MANY3 ,H[ ! ,ALT]GLOBALISATION ,MOVEM5T IS ,*ANG+ ! ,FACE ( ,DEMOCRACY 7,LONDON3 ,PLUTO ,PRESS1 #b#i74 .<#a#h.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #b#a#b4 .<#a#i.> ,H5K ,RIJKEBO]1 0,HI/ORY ( ! ,DUT* ,EA/ ,9DIA ,COMPANY--,! ,ASIAN ,P>T10 ,EUROPEAN ,H]ITAGE1 #b#a#a1 HTTP3_/_/EUROPEAN-H]ITAGE4ORG_/NE!RL&S_/ALKMA>_/HI/ORY-DUT*-EA/-9DIA-COMPANY-ASIAN-P>T4 .<#b.> ,R4,A4 ,GUISEPI1 $41 0,AFRICA & ! ,AFRICANS 9 ! ,AGE ( ! ,ATLANTIC ,SLAVE ,TRADE10 ,HI/ORY ,WORLD ,9T]NATIONAL1 HI/ORY-WORLD4ORG 7ACCESS$ ,JANU>Y #g1 #b#a#f74 .<#b#a.> ,IBID4 .<#b#b.> ,ELEONORA ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES 9 ! ,CONGO ,BAS910 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #b#i#a4 .<#b#c.> ,L4 ,IRW91 0,*]OKEE ,HEAL+3 ,MY?1 ,DREAMS1 & ,M$IC9E10 ,AM]ICAN ,9DIAN ,QU>T]LY #a#f1 ,NO4 #b 7#a#i#i#b74 .<#b#d.> ,ROXANNE ,DUNB>-,ORTIZ1 ,AN ,9DIG5\S ,PEOPLES' ,HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 7,BO/ON3 ,BEACON ,PRESS1 #b#a#d71 #h#g-#i1 #a#a4 .<#b#e.> ,IBID41 #i#a-#i#b4 .<#b#f.> ,9=MATION ON ! M>OON REBELLIONS 9 ,SUR9AME1 ,JAMAICA1 & ,HAITI CAN BE F\ND 9 ,WADE ,DAVIS1 ,! ,S]P5T & ! ,RA9B[ 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIMON @& ,S*U/]1 #a#i#h#e72 ,C4,L4,R4 ,JAMES1 ,! ,BLACK ,JACOB9S 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#f#c72 & ,WIM ,S4,M4 ,HOOGB]G51 ,! ,BONI ,M>OON ,W>S 9 ,SUR9AME 7,LEID53 ,E4,J4 ,BRILL1 #a#i#i74 ,READ]S :OSE 9T]E/ IS 9 OV]?R[+ /ATES1 NOT JUT /UDY+ !M1 WILL ALSO F9D ! FOLL[+ S\RCE 9T]E/+3 ,RUSSELL 0,M>OON0 ,%OATZ1 0,! ,DRAGON & ! ,HYDRA10 #b#a1 HTTPS3_/_/RUSSELLM>OON%OATS4WORDPRESS4COM_/#b#a#b_/#h_/#a_/!-DRAGON-&_/4 .<#b#g.> ,FRANTZ ,FANON1 ,! ,WRET*$ ( ! ,E>? 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,GROVE ,PRESS1 #a#i#f#a74 .<#b#h.> ,I DON'T KN[ ( ANY GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY OR ACADEMIC 9/ITUTION ?AT ADVOCATES ! R$ESIGNATION ( ,EUROPE AS A SUBCONT95T2 NONE!LESS ONLY ! OB/9ATE SELF-IMPORTANCE ( ! :ITE SUPREMACI/S :O F\ND$ SU* 9/ITUTIONS CAN EXPLA9 ! CONT95TAL CLASSIFICATION4 ,NOT TECTONICALLY1 NOT GEOGRAPHICALLY1 NOT HI/ORICALLY1 NOT EV5 CULTURALLY CAN ,EUROPE QUALIFY AS A CONT95T4 ,ON ALL GR\NDS ,9DIA HAS A F> BETT] CLAIM TO CONT95T-HOOD4 .<#b#i.> ,9V5T+ NEW T]MS CAN BE AN OBNOXI\S HABIT2 NONE!LESS 9 ! LIT]ATURE ON /ATE =MATION ,I F\ND NO T]M = A BODY ?AT ACTS 9T5TIONALLY & AGGRESSIVELY AS A VESSEL & VECTOR = /ATE-MAK+ TE*NOLOGIES & AS A DIRECT AG5T = /ATE =MATION1 BUT DOES NOT 9 ITSELF CON/ITUTE A /ATE1 LACK+ ! REQUISITE HO/ POPULATION4 .<#c.> ,BOEHM 70,EGALIT>IAN ,BEHAVIOR & ,REV]SE ,DOM9ANCE ,HI]>*Y07 DETAILS ! FREQU5CY ) :I* LEAD]S ( /ATELESS SOCIETIES W]E DEPOS$ OR EV5 KILL$ BY O!RS ) LESS /ATUS4 ,AMONG ! TWO MO/ FREQU5T MOTIVES = SU* TOPPL+S >E ! P]CEIV$ GRE$9ESS & ! AU?ORIT>IANISM ( ! LEAD]4 .<#c#a.> ,TACITUS S+LES \T ! ,GO?S AS ! MO/ 0AUTOCRATIC0 ( ! ,G]MANIC TRIBES1 0BUT NOT TO SU* A DEGREE ?AT FRE$OM IS DE/ROY$40 ,TACITUS1 9 ,! ,AGRICOLA & ! ,G]MANIA1 TRANSLAT$ BY ,H4 ,MATT+LY 7#i#h2 REPR41 ,BALTIMORE3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#d#h71 #a#c#h4 .<#c#b.> ,>?UR1 ?\< HE IS PRES5T$ TO US AS A K+1 IS A GOOD EXAMPLE ( A NON-/ATE LEAD]3 IT IS NOT 9/ITUTIONAL LEGITIMATION BUT *>ISMA & MAGIC ATTA9+ SPECIFICALLY TO HIS P]SON ?AT HE NE$S 9 ORD] TO RALLY HIS W>RIORS1 :O SIT TOGE!R 9 A CIRCLE4 .<#c#c.> ,MI*AL ,TYM[SKI1 0,/ATE & ,TRIBE 9 ! ,HI/ORY ( ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE & ,BLACK ,AFRICA--,A ,COMP>ATIVE ,APPROA*10 9 ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION & ,HI/ORY1 #a#g#g4 .<#c#d.> ,IBID41 #a#g#d4 .<#c#e.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 XI4 .<#c#f.> ,CIT$ 9 IBID41 #b#e#i1 #b#f#d-#f#e4 .<#c#g.> ,TACITUS1 ,! ,AGRICOLA & ! ,G]MANIA1 #i#h4 .<#c#h.> ,IBID41 #a#h4 .<#c#i.> ,IBID41 #a#a#h4 .<#d.> ,IBID41 #a#b#b-#b#c4 .<#d#a.> ,IBID41 #a#a#d4 .<#d#b.> ,DAVID ,GRAEB]1 ,FRAGM5TS ( AN ,AN>*I/ ,AN?ROPOLOGY 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,PRICKLY ,P>ADIGM ,PRESS1 #b#d74 .<#d#c.> ,DMITRI ,V4 ,DOZHDEV1 0,ROME10 9 ,CIVILIZATIONAL ,MODELS ( ,POLITOG5ESIS1 $IT$ BY ,DMITRI ,M4 ,BOND>5KO & ,&REY ,V4 ,KOROTAVEY 7,MOSC[3 ,9/ITUTE = ,AFRICAN ,/UDIES ( ! ,RUSSIAN ,ACADEMY ( ,SCI5CES1 #b71 #b#f#a4 .<#d#d.> ,IBID41 #b#f#e4 .<#d#e.> ,>?UR ,EVANS1 ,WIT*CRAFT & ! ,GAY ,C\NT]CULTURE3 ,A ,RADICAL ,VIEW ( ,WE/]N ,CIVILIZATION & ,SOME ( ! ,PEOPLE ,IT ,HAS ,TRI$ TO ,DE/ROY 7,BO/ON3 ,FAG ,RAG ,BOOKS1 #a#i#g#h71 #d#e4 .<#d#f.> ,IBID41 #d#f4 .<#d#g.> ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES10 #b#h#h-#h#i4 .<#d#h.> ,IBID41 #b#i4 .<#d#i.> ,IBID4 .<#e.> ,JACQUES ,LE ,G(F1 ,TIME1 ,WORK1 & ,CULTURE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 TRANS4 ,>?UR ,GOLDHAMM] 7,*ICAGO3 ,UNIV]SITY ( ,*ICAGO ,PRESS1 #a#i#h74 .<#e#a.> ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES10 #b#i#e4 .<#e#b.> ,IBID41 #b#i#e1 #b#i#d-#i#e4 .<#e#c.> ,IBID41 #b#i#d4 .<#e#d.> ,TYM[SKI1 0,/ATE & ,TRIBE 9 ! ,HI/ORY ( ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE & ,BLACK ,AFRICA10 #a#g#d4 .<#e#e.> ,PYOTR ,KROPOTK91 ,MUTUAL ,AID3 ,A ,FACTOR ( ,EVOLUTION 7,LONDON3 ,HE9EMANN1 #a#i#b74 .<#e#f.> ,R4,B4 ,S]JEANT1 QUOT$ 9 ,&REY ,V4 ,KOROTAYEV1 0,! ,*IEFDOM3 ,PRECURSOR ( ! ,TRIBE8 7,SOME ,TR5DS ( ,POLITICAL ,EVOLUTION 9 ,NOR?-,EA/ ,YEM5I ,HILY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #c#a4 .<#e#g.> ,KOROTAYEV1 0,! ,*IEFDOM10 #ce 7E>LI] DATA FROM #c-#c#a74 .<#e#h.> ,?IS RELATION%IP WAS PROBABLY NOT AS CYNICALLY ?REAT5+ AS IT MIM$ DEP5D5TS W]E H>M$1 IT WAS A GREAT DI%ONOR = ! TRIBE1 & REP>ATIONS OR F9ES = ANY 9JURY TO SU* A P]SON WAS MU* HI<] ?AN IF ! 9JURY W]E COMMITT$ TO A MEMB] ( ! TRIBE ITSELF4 .<#e#i.> ,KOROTAYEV1 0,! ,*IEFDOM10 #c-#c#a4 .<#f.> ,AM9 ,MAAL\F1 ,! ,CRUSADES ,?R\< ,>AB ,EYES1 TRAN4 ,JOHN ,RO?S*ILD 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,S*OCK5 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#h#d71 #b#f#b4 .<#f#a.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #a#e#e-#e#f4 .<#f#b.> ,IBID41 #a#e#h4 .<#f#c.> ,ISRAEL ,F9KEL/E9 & ,NEIL ,A%] ,SILB]MAN1 ,! ,BIBLE ,UNE>!D3 ,>*AEOLOGY'S ,NEW ,VISION ( ,ANCI5T ,ISRAEL & ! ,ORIG9 ( ,ITS ,SACR$ ,TEXTS 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIMON @& ,S*U/]1 #b#a71 #a#c#c4 .<#f#d.> ,LE ,G(F1 ,TIME1 ,WORK1 & ,CULTURE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 #b#b#i4 .<#f#e.> ,CLA/RES1 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 #a#h#d4 .<#f#f.> ,& IT MAY BE EQUALLY IF NOT MORE TRUE ?AT ACADEMIC ,EUROC5TRISM ABETT$ ! CONFUSION4 ,K+1 REX1 ROI1 ET CET]A1 ORIG9ALLY D5OM9AT$ *IEFS :OSE AU?ORITY MORE (T5 ?AN NOT WAS TEMPOR>Y1 *>ISMATIC1 &_/OR PRIM>ILY MILIT>Y4 ,C5TURIES LAT]1 ,EUROPEAN MON>*S1 & ! HEADS ( TRUE /ATES1 *OSE !SE SAME TITLES1 P]HAPS TO ANO9T !MSELVES ) AN AURA ( HI/ORICAL CONT9UITY OR ET]NAL SUPREMACY4 ,9 ! MOD]N ]A1 E>LY RESE>*]S DID NOT KN[ TO DI/+UI% K+DOM-*IEFDOMS & /ATI/ MON>*IES1 A PROBLEM !Y W\LD NOT HAVE HAD IF ! SYMBOLIC1 MY?OLOGIZ$ T]M AT PLAY HAD BE5 LONGKO OR NYIMI RA!R ?AN KON+ OR REI4 .<#f#g.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #f4 .<#f#h.> ,LE ,G(F1 ,TIME1 ,WORK1 & ,CULTURE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 #b#g#i-#h#b4 .<#f#i.> ,IBID41 #e#c4 .<#g.> ,AS A DEMY/IFY+ ASIDE1 ,I W\LD >GUE ?AT ! 0SCI5TIFIC0 CONCEPTION %\LD MORE ACCURATELY BE LABEL$ AS 0PR(ANE40 ,5LI ,JOHN ,SEV]9O1 0,! ,O!R ,GODS ,W]E ,CRY+10 !AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG1 #b#a1 HTTPS3_/_/!AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG_/LIBR>Y_/JOHN-SEV]9O-!-O!R-GODS-W]E-CRY+4 .<#g#b.> ,SEE ,ALEX ,GORRION1 0,AN>*Y 9 ,WORLD ,SY/EMS3 ,A ,REVIEW ( ,GIOVANNI ,>RI ,GIV5 HIS ,M>XI/ 9FLU5CES1 ,>RI* ?AT EXPLORES ! ORIG9S ( ! O!R PILL> ( ?IS BIP$3 ! /ATE ?AT S\ ,! QUOTE IS NOT FROM ! ,*UR*1 BUT FROM ,L591 :OSE ME?ODS1 & P]HAPS ! MAN HIMSELF1 W\LD HAVE BE5 RI ,R4,I4 ,MOORE1 ,! ,W> ON ,H]ESY3 ,FAI? & ,P[] 9 ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE 7,LONDON3 ,PR(ILE ,BOOKS1 #b#a#b74 .<#g#f.> ,AT ?IS PO9T1 !RE DOES NOT SEEM TO BE ANY S]I\S S*OL>LY RESE>* SUGGE/+ MORE ?AN #e1-#f1 EXECUTIONS4 ,H[EV]1 NEW RESE>* BY ,CATALAN S*OL> ,PAU ,CA/ELL1 :I* HAS YET TO BE TRANSLAT$ 9TO ,5GLI%1 HAS DISCOV]$ DOCUM5TATION ( 0HUNDR$S0 ( PREVI\SLY UNPUBLI%$ EXECUTIONS 9 ,CATALUNYA & ! ,PYR5EES1 />T+ ALREADY BY ! BEG9N+ ( ! FIFTE5? C5TURY4 ,!SE F9D+S ADD A NEW EPIC5T] TO ! BURN+S1 PA9T A PICTURE ( A MORE RAPID & GEOGRAPHICALLY WIDESPREAD BEG9N+ TO ! PH5OM5ON1 & ALSO SUGGE/ A RELATION BETWE5 ! 9T5SITY ( ! WIT* HUNTS & ! PREVAL5CE ( MUNICIPAL OV] C5TRALIZ$ GOV]NM5T1 NOT+ ?AT ROYAL C\RTS W]E NOT AS ZEAL\S AS LOCAL GOV]NM5TS & TRAVEL+ PREA*]S4 ,DAVID ,M>91 0,T]RA DE ,BRUIXES10 ,EL ,PUNT ,AVUI1 ,JANU>Y #b1 #b#a#f1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4ELPUNTAVUI4CAT_/SOCIETAT_/>TICLE_/-_/#i#b#i#d#e#i-T]RA-DE-BRUIXES4HTML4 .<#g#g.> ,B>B>A ,EHR5REI* & ,DEIRDRE ,5GLI%1 ,WIT*ES1 ,MIDWIVES1 & ,NURSES3 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,WOM5 ,HEAL]S 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,FEM9I/ ,PRESS1 #a#i#i#c74 ,>GUM5T MADE BY ,DIANE ,PURKISS1 ,! ,WIT* 9 ,HI/ORY3 ,E>LY ,MOD]N & ,TW5TIE?-,C5TURY ,REPRES5TATIONS 7,AB+DON3 ,R\TL$GE1 #a#i#i#f74 .<#g#h.> ,SORAYA ,*EMALY1 0,:AT WIT*ES HAVE TO DO ) WOM5'S HEAL?10 ,SALON4COM1 ,OCTOB] #c#a1 #b#a#c1 HTTPS3_/_/WWW4SALON4COM_/#b#a#c_/#a_/#c#a_/:AT.-WIT*ES.-HAVE.-TO.-DO.-).-WOM5S.-HEAL?_/,*EMALY4 .<#g#i.> ,DAVID ,ALG>RA ,BASCON1 ,EL ,COMU ,CATALA 7,B>CELONA3 ,POTLAT* ,$ICIONES1 #b#a#e74 .<#h.> ,ALEX ,GORRION1 0,SCI5CE10 ,! ,ANVIL ,REVIEW1 ,MAY #b#i1 #b#a#e1 HTTP3_/_/!ANVILREVIEW4ORG_/PR9T_/SCI5CE_/4 .<#h#a.> ,>RI ,TACITUS1 ,! ,AGRICOLA & ! ,G]MANIA1 #a#d-#d#a4 .<#h#c.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #a#f#b4 .<#h#d.> ,IBID41 #b#h4 ,! SUBSEQU5T EXAMPLE ( ! ,*9 IS FROM PAGE #b#a#b4 .<#h#e.> ,TO BE CLE>1 ,I AM NOT ALLEG+ ?AT !SE ?REE SC\RGES W]E CREAT$ BY ! ,/ATE4 ,H[EV]1 ! EXPLOITATION ?AT ACCOMPANIES /ATES C]TA9LY MAKES FAM9E MORE LIKELY1 & :ILE EPIDEMICS >E L>GELY A FUNCTION ( POPULATION D5SITY ?AT CAN1 CONTR>Y TO /ATI/ MY?OLOGY1 EXI/ )\T /ATES1 /ATE EFFECTS SU* AS W>F>E & MALNUTRITION 9 ! MAJORITY L[] CLASSES SOMETIMES PROVOKE & ALWAYS EXAC]BATE EPIDEMICS4 ,/ATELESS W>F>E T5DS TO BE QUALITATIVELY DIFF]5T1 MORE A TRADITION ( RAID+ OR OCCASIONALLY LE?AL SPORT4 .<#h#f.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #f#f4 .<#h#g.> ,LE ,G(F1 ,TIME1 ,WORK1 & ,CULTURE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 #a#g-#g#c4 .<#h#h.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #fg & #g#b4 .<#h#i.> ,IBID41 #b#f4 ,= AN EXCELL5T DISCUSSION ( RESI/ANCE 9 ! ,GREAT ,DISMAL ,SWAMP1 SEE ,S>ALEE ,/AF=D & ,NEAL ,%IRLEY1 ,DIXIE ,BE ,DAMN$3 #c ,YE>S ( ,9SURRECTION 9 ! ,AM]ICAN ,S\? 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#a#e74 .<#i.> ,/AF=D & ,%IRLEY1 ,DIXIE ,BE ,DAMN$1 #e#c-#h#f4 .<#i#a.> ,?OMPSON1 ,:IGS & ,HUNT]S4 .<#i#b.> ,A GOOD BOOK 9 ,5GLI% = EXPLOR+ ?IS PATT]N IS ,*RIS ,EALHAM'S ,AN>*ISM & ! ,CITY 7,OAKL&3 ,A,K ,PRESS1 #b#a74 ,! BOOK CONTA9S A FEW M9OR BUT IMPORTANT FLAWS1 :I* ,I DISCUSS 9 MY REVIEW 7,P,G1 0,A ,CRITICAL ,REVIEW ( ,AN>*ISM & ! ,CITY10 ,! ,ANVIL ,REVIEW1 ,MAY #b#d1 #b#a#b1 HTTP3_/_/!ANVILREVIEW4ORG_/PR9T_/CRITICALREVIEWAN>*ISMCITY_/71 :I* PR(ESSOR ,EALHAM CONSID]$ LIBEL\S4 .<#i#c.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #a#i4 .<#i#d.> ,9DIVIDUAL CASES ( JO9+ ! WILDL+S >E M5TION$4 ,! ONLY ONE EXPLOR$ AT ANY L5G? IS ?AT ( ,MANCE ,RAYD]1 A CIVILIZ$ MAN :O JO9$ ! WILDL+S 9 ORD] TO LEAD !M1 GIV+ !M ! ORGANIZATIONAL & MILIT>Y CAPACITY !Y O/5SIBLY LACK$1 NOT TO DE/ROY ! /ATE1 BUT TO %ELT] BEH9D ITS RAMP>TS1 ESCAP+ FROM ! TRUE EVIL4 .<#i#e.> ,LE ,G(F1 ,TIME1 ,WORK1 & ,CULTURE 9 ! ,MIDDLE ,AGES1 #a#f#b4 .<#i#f.> ,PATRICK ,*ABAL1 ,G>Y ,FE9MAN1 & ,PET] ,SKALNIK1 0,BEYOND ,/ATES & ,EMPIRES3 ,*IEFDOMS & ,9=MAL ,POLITICS10 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #e#c4 .<#i#g.> ,DUNB>-,ORTIZ1 ,AN ,9DIG5\S ,PEOPLES' ,HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 #b#d4 .<#i#h.> ,GORD ,HILL1 0,NEV] ,IDLE3 ,GORD ,HILL ON ,9DIG5\S ,RESI/ANCE 9 ,CANADA10 ,! ,PORTL& ,RADICLE1 ,M>* #a#h1 #b#a#c1 HTTPS3_/_/PORTL&RADICLE4WORDPRESS4COM_/NEV]-IDLE-GORD-HILL-ON-9DIG5\S-RESI/ANCE-9-CANADA_/4 .<#i#i.> ,IBID4 .<#a.> ,D5IS ,V4 ,VOROBYOV1 0,! ,IROQUOIS10 9 ,CIVILIZATIONAL ,MODELS ( ,POLITOG5ESIS1 #a#e#g1 #a#e#i4 .<#a#a.> ,IBID41 0,! ,IROQUOIS10 #a#f4 .<#a#b.> ,DUNB>-,ORTIZ1 ,AN ,9DIG5\S ,PEOPLES' ,HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 #b#d4 .<#a#c.> ,VOROBYOV1 0,! ,IROQUOIS10 #a#e#g4 .<#a#d.> ,DUNB>-,ORTIZ1 ,AN ,9DIG5\S ,PEOPLES' ,HI/ORY ( ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES1 #g#g4 .<#a#e.> ,NIKOLAY ,N4 ,KRAD91 0,E>LY ,/ATE ,!ORY & ! ,EVOLUTION ( ,PA/ORAL ,NOMADS10 9 ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION & ,HI/ORY1 #b#h#i4 .<#a#f.> ,TYM[SKI1 0,/ATE & ,TRIBE 9 ! ,HI/ORY ( ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE & ,BLACK ,AFRICA10 #a#g#c4 ,HE CITES ,K4,F4 ,W]N]1 ,/RUCTURES POLITIQUES DU MONDE FRANC 7,V,I - ,X,I,I SIECLES7 7,LONDON3 ,A%GATE-,V>IORUM1 #a#i#g#i74 .<#a#g.> ,MAAL\F1 ,! ,CRUSADES ,?R\< ,>AB ,EYES1 #b#c#e-#c#f4 .<#a#h.> ,TYM[SKI1 0,/ATE & ,TRIBE 9 ! ,HI/ORY ( ,M$IEVAL ,EUROPE & ,BLACK ,AFRICA10 #a#g#f4 .<#a#i.> ,BOND>5KO1 0,FROM ,LOCAL ,COMMUNITIES TO ,MEGACOMMUNITY3 ,B9IL& 9 ! #a/ ,MILL5NIUM ,B4,C4 TO ! #a#i? ,C5TURY ,A4,D410 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #c#b#f4 .<#a#a.> ,IBID41 #c#b#g-#b#h4 .<#a#a#a.> ,IBID41 #c#b#i4 .<#a#a#b.> ,IBID41 #c#c#b4 .<#a#a#c.> ,?IS & ! SUBSEQU5T QUOTE >E FROM IBID41 #c#c#d4 .<#a#a#d.> ,IBID41 #c#c#e1 #c#c#h-#c#i4 .<#a#a#e.> ,IBID41 #c#d#b-#d#c4 .<#a#a#f.> ,LEONID ,E4 ,GR991 0,E>LY ,/ATE & ,DEMOCRACY10 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 RESPOND+ TO ,MO%E ,B]5T1 0,GREECE3 ,! ,/ATELESS ,POLIS 7#a#a? TO #d? ,C5TURIES ,B4,C470 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #c#f#d-#h#g4 .<#a#a#g.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #b#b#f-#c#d4 .<#a#a#h.> ,= EXAMPLE1 SEE ! DISCUSSION ( ,G&HI & ,K+ 9 ,PET] ,GELD]LOOS1 ,H[ ,NONVIOL5CE ,PROTECTS ! ,/ATE 7,H>RISONBURG1 ,VIRG9IA3 ,SIGNALFIRE ,PRESS1 #b#e74 .<#a#a#i.> ,LEV ,ZLODEY & ,JASON ,RADEGAS1 ,H]E AT ! ,C5T] ( ! ,WORLD 9 ,REVOLT 7,ANONYM\S $ITION1 #b#a#a71 #g#h4 .<#a#b.> ,I W\LD AGREE ) ,F]N& ,BRAUDEL 7,! ,P]SPECTIVE ( ! ,WORLD .<,NEW ,YORK3 ,H>P] @& ,R[1 #a#i#h#d.>7 & ,GIOVANNI ,>RIRIAGE WAS PREC$$ MANY C5TURIES BY A M]*ANT CLASS PURSU+ ! SAME /RATEGY ON A MU* MORE LIMIT$ SCALE4 ,>RIKETS ( ,EURASIA & ,AFRICA W]E ALREADY CONNECT$ 9 ! ?IRTE5? C5TURY4 .<#a#b#a.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #g#f4 .<#a#b#b.> ,YURI ,E4 ,B]EZK91 0,ALT]NATIVE ,MODELS ( ,MIDDLE ,RANGE ,SOCIETY4 ',9DIVIDUALI/IC' ,ASIA VS4 ',COLLECTIVI/IC' ,AM]ICA80 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #f#i4 .<#a#b#c.> ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES 9 ! ,CONGO ,BAS910 #b#h#i4 .<#a#b#d.> ,WIKIP$IA 0,T>UMANAG>A10 HTTPS3_/_/54WIKIP$IA4ORG_/WIKI_/,T>UMANAG>A 7ACCESS$ ,FEBRU>Y #b1 #b#a#f74 .<#a#b#e.> ,LUDOMIR ,R4 ,LOZNY1 0,! ,TRANSITION TO ,/ATEHOOD 9 ,C5TRAL ,EUROPE10 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #b#h#c4 .<#a#b#f.> ,IBID41 #b#h#e4 .<#a#b#g.> ,IBID41 #b#h#c-#h#d4 .<#a#b#h.> ,SEE1 = EXAMPLE1 ,ALEX ,GORRION 70,Y\ DON'T REALLY C>E = MUSIC1 DO YA810 ,! ,ANVIL ,REVIEW1 ,JULY #b#a1 #b#a#a1 HTTP3_/_/!ANVILREVIEW4ORG_/PR9T_/Y\-DONT-REALLY-C>E-=-MUSIC-DO-YA_/7 ON ! IMPORTANCE ( M>G9ALIZ$ SECTORS ( ! POPULATION1 IMMIGRANTS & *ILDR51 9 ! CREATION ( LANGUAGE2 ,JOHN ,MC,WORT]1 ,\R ,MAGNIFIC5T ,BA/>D ,TONGUE3 ,! ,UNTOLD ,HI/ORY ( ,5GLI% 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,GO?AM1 #b#i7 ON LANGUAGE2 OR 0,FIRE ,EXT+UI%]S & ,FIRE ,/>T]S0 & MORE REC5TLY 0,FROM #a#e,M TO ,PODEMOS3 ,! ,REG5]ATION ( ,SPANI% ,DEMOCRACY & ! ,MALIGN$ ,PROMISE ( ,*AOS0 7,ANONYM\S1 ,CRIME?,9C41 ,M>* #c1 #b#a#f1 HTTP3_/_/CRIME?9C4COM_/TEXTS_/R_/PODEMOS_/7 ON AN>*I/ DEBATES AB\T A M>G9AL OR C5TRAL P>TICIPATION 9 ! OCCUPATION ( ,PLACA ,CATALUNYA1 ,B>CELONA4 .<#a#b#i.> ,MEAN+ A M>RI$ C\PLE GOES TO LIVE ) ! WOMAN'S FAMILY OR ) ! MAN'S FAMILY1 RESPECTIVELY4 .<#a#c.> ,AS ,PI]RE ,CLA/RES NOT$1 !SE >E NOT /RICTLY 0EXT5D$ FAMILIES0 9 ! ,WE/]N S5SE1 CONTA9+ ?REE G5]ATIONS DESC5D$ FROM TWO COMMON ANCE/ORS1 BUT L>G] GR\P+S 9 :I* BLOOD RELATIONS MI ,JOSE ,MILLAL5 ,PAILLAL1 0,LA ,SOCI$AD ,MAPU*E ,PREHISPANICA3 ,KIMUN1 ,>QUEOLOGIA Y ,ETNOHI/ORIA10 9 ,PABLO ,M>IMAN1 ,S]GIO ,CANIUQUEO1 ,JOSE ,MILLAL51 & ,RODRIGO ,LEVIL1 6444,ESCU*A1 W9KA4446 ,CUATRO 5SAYOS DE ,HI/ORIA ,NACIONAL ,MAPU*E Y UN EPILOGO SOBRE EL FUTURO 7,SANTIAGO DE ,*ILI3 ,L,O,M ,$ICIONES1 #b#f71 #c#d4 ,! SUBSEQU5T OBS]VATION AB\T RESPONSIBILITIES COMES FROM ,JOHN ,SEV]9O1 0,) ,L&1 ,)\T ! ,/ATE10 !AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG1 #b#a1 HTTPS3_/_/!AN>*I/LIBR>Y4ORG_/LIBR>Y_/JOHN-SEV]9O-)-L&-)\T-!-/ATE-AN>*Y-9-WALLMAPU4 .<#a#c#b.> ,CLA/RES1 ,SOCIETY ,AGA9/ ! ,/ATE1 #f#b-#f#e4 .<#a#c#c.> ,COL9 ,M4 ,TURNBULL1 ,! ,=E/ ,PEOPLE 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,SIMON @& ,S*U/]1 #a#i#f#a74 .<#a#c#d.> ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #b#g#f4 .<#a#c#e.> ,MORTON ,H4 ,FRI$1 ,! ,EVOLUTION ( ,POLITICAL ,SOCIETY 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,R&OM ,H\SE1 #a#i#f#g74 .<#a#c#f.> ,WE CAN ALSO CONSID] ANO!R MODEL ( SOCIAL /RATIFICATION1 AS F\ND 9 CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES4 ,)\T /RONG FAMILY GR\PS OR CULTURAL COHESIV5ESS )9 A CLASS--:I* IS TO SAY1 )9 AN ATOMIZ$ SOCIETY--CAPITALISM MU/ ALL[ 9DIVIDUALS ! POSSIBILITY ( SOCIAL MOBILITY 7NOT EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL1 CONTR>Y TO CAPITALI/ DOGMA1 BUT MANY 9DIVIDUALS74 ,:AT IS ESS5TIALIZ$ & NATURALIZ$ 9 ?IS MODEL >E NOT ! SOCIAL /RATA !MSELVES 7A MEMB] ( ! B\RGEOISIE1 9 !ORY1 C\LD 5D UP BE+ A PROLET>IAN1 & VICE V]SA7 BUT ! PRODUCTIVE MEANS ?AT G5]ATE /RATIFICATION & 9EQUALITY4 .<#a#c#g.> ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES 9 ! ,CONGO ,BAS910 #b#i#c4 .<#a#c#h.> ,DMITRI ,D4 ,BELIAEV1 0,CLASSIC ,L[L& ,MAYA 7,A,D #b#e-#i70 9 ,CIVILIZATIONAL ,MODELS ( ,POLITOG5ESIS1 #a#c#e4 .<#a#c#i.> ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES 9 ! ,CONGO ,BAS910 #b#c#c4 .<#a#d.> ,RI*>D ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY3 ,RELIGI\S ,ROOTS ( ! ,BUREAUCRATIC ,/ATE 9 ,ANCI5T ,*9A0 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOG1 #a#i#i4 .<#a#d#a.> ,MAX ,WEB]1 ,! ,!ORY ( ,SOCIAL & ,ECONOMIC ,ORGANIZATION 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#d#g71 #c#f#d1 QUOT$ 9 ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #b#e4 ,DATA 9 ! RE/ ( ! P>AGRAPH IS FROM ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #b#e-#b#f4 .<#a#d#b.> ,BOND>5KO1 0,K9%IP1 ,T]RITORIALITY & ! ,E>LY ,/ATE ,L[] ,LIMIT10 #b#a4 .<#a#d#c.> ,IBID41 #b#e4 .<#a#d#d.> ,9 MY FA!R'S FAMILY'S CASE1 ! EV5T WAS ! CONQUE/ ( NOR!RN ,NE!RL&S BY ,NAPOLEONIC ,FRANCE4 ,PREVI\SLY1 ! F>M]S ( ! ,GRON+5 REGION ONLY US$ FIR/ NAMES4 ,WELL AW>E ?AT ! PURPOSE ( LA/ NAMES WAS SOCIAL CONTROL1 MO/ OBVI\SLY TAXATION1 !Y REGI/]$ A FA9T PROTE/ 9 !IR *OICE ( SURNAME3 ,P5NILESS4 ,9 ! EV5 MORE RURAL PROV9CE ( ,FRIESL&1 SCATOLOGICAL & O!R JOKE NAMES W]E A COMMON *OICE BY ! PEASANTS4 .<#a#d#e.> ,JIANP+ ,YI1 0,NON-,AUTOCRACY 9 ,PRE-,Q9 ,*9A10 9 ,SOCIAL ,EVOLUTION & ,HI/ORY1 #b#b#d-#b#e4 .<#a#d#f.> ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #b#i4 .<#a#d#g.> ,IBID41 #b#a4 .<#a#d#h.> ,IBID41 #b#a#a4 .<#a#d#i.> ,YI1 0,NON-,AUTOCRACY 9 ,PRE-,Q9 ,*9A10 #b#b#i4 .<#a#e.> ,BELIAEV1 0,CLASSIC ,L[L& ,MAYA 7,A,D #b#e-#i710 #a#c#f-#c#h4 .<#a#e#a.> ,TIMO?Y ,K4 ,E>LE1 0,HAWAIIAN ,ISL&S 7,A,D #h-#a#h#b#d70 9 ,CIVILIZATIONAL ,MODELS ( ,POLITOG5ESIS1 #g#g4 .<#a#e#b.> ,IBID41 #h4 .<#a#e#c.> ,= MORE ON ! ,NEW ,GU9EA HI*Y ,WORKS1 P>TICUL>LY ! *APT] ON TE*NOLOGY4 .<#a#e#d.> ,E>LE1 0,HAWAIIAN ,ISL&S10 #g#i4 .<#a#e#e.> ,IBID41 #g#d4 .<#a#e#f.> ,IBID41 #h4 .<#a#e#g.> ,ROMILA ,?AP>1 ,A ,HI/ORY ( ,9DIA1 ,VOL4 ,I4 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,P5GU9 ,BOOKS1 #a#i#f#f74 .<#a#e#h.> ,IBID41 #c#h4 .<#a#e#i.> ,IBID41 #c#g4 .<#a#f.> ,IBID41 #d1 #d#a4 .<#a#f#a.> ,IBID41 #d#c4 .<#a#f#b.> ,IBID41 #e#b4 .<#a#f#c.> ,IBID4 .<#a#f#d.> ,IBID41 #e#c4 .<#a#f#e.> ,R4,L4 ,C>NEIRO1 0,A ,!ORY ( ! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,/ATE10 ,SCI5CE ,NO4 #afi 7#a#i#g73 #g#c#c-#c#h1 CIT$ 9 ,SCOTT1 ,! ,>T ( ,NOT ,BE+ ,GOV]N$1 #f#g4 .<#a#f#f.> ,R&OLPH ,B\RNE1 ,! ,/ATE1 #a#i#a#h1 HTTP3_/_/WWW4ANTIW>4COM_/B\RNE4PHP 7ACCESS$ ,OCTOB] #a#c1 #b#a#f74 .<#a#f#g.> ,FR$Y ,P]LMAN1 ,AGA9/ ,HIS-/ORY1 ,AGA9/ ,LEVIA?AN 7,DETROIT3 ,BLACK & ,R$1 #a#i#h#c71 #f#f-#f#h4 .<#a#f#h.> ,*>LES ,S4 ,SP5C] & ,ELSA ,M4 ,R$MOND1 0,CONQUE/ ,W>F>E1 ,/RATEGIES ( ,RESI/ANCE1 & ! ,RISE ( ! ,ZAPOTEC ,E>LY ,/ATE10 9 ,! ,E>LY ,/ATE1 ,ITS ,ALT]NATIVES & ,ANALOGS1 #b#b-#f#a4 .<#a#f#i.> ,IBID41 #b#b#c4 .<#a#g.> ,IBID41 #b#b#d4 .<#a#g#a.> ,IBID41 #b#b#f-#b#g4 .<#a#g#b.> ,J4 ,M>CUS & ,K4,V4 ,FLANN]Y1 ,ZAPOTEC ,CIVILIZATION3 ,H[ ,URBAN ,SOCIETY ,EVOLV$ 9 ,MEXICO'S ,OAXACA ,VALLEY1 7,LONDON3 ,?AMES & ,HUDSON1 #a#i#i#f71 #a#c#i-#d4 .<#a#g#c.> ,SP5C] & ,R$MOND1 0,CONQUE/ ,W>F>E10 #b#c4 .<#a#g#d.> ,IBID41 #b#c#d-#c#e4 .<#a#g#e.> ,TACITUS1 ,! ,AGRICOLA & ! ,G]MANIA1 #a#d#a4 .<#a#g#f.> ,H4,T4 ,WRI* ON ! ,ORIG9 ( ! ,/ATE10 ,ANNUAL ,REVIEW ( ,AN?ROPOLOGY #f 7#b#i73 #c#g#i-#i#g2 & ,TURNBULL1 ,! ,=E/ ,PEOPLE1 ,*APT] #h4 .<#a#g#g.> ,JU/ AS ! ANTI-GLOBALIZATION MOVEM5T RIRAY ( FACTORS & MEASUREM5TS ?AT REFLECT WELL-BE+1 AS A WAY ( DIS>M+ ! MANIPULATIVE METRICS US$ BY ! ,WORLD ,BANK1 BAS$ ONLY ON MONET>Y 9COME1 AS TRUE A MEASUREM5T ( HUMAN HEAL? AS IS POSSIBLE ) QUANTITATIVE DATA CANNOT BE R$UC$ TO M]E LIFESPAN BUT MU/ ALSO 9CLUDE FREQU5CY ( DISEASE & DISCOM=T1 M5TAL HEAL? DATA1 SUICIDE RATES1 ET CET]A4 ,NONE!LESS1 EV5 IF WE ONLY LOOK AT LIFESPAN1 PRE-COLONIZATION HUNT]-GA!R] SOCIETIES PROBABLY /ILL COME \T AHEAD IF !Y >E COMP>$ AGA9/ ! AV]AGE = ALL MOD]N SCI5TIFIC SOCIETIES1 & NOT ONLY ! RI*E/ ( !SE1 GIV5 ?AT ! RELATIVE GOOD HEAL? 7PHYSICAL1 NOT EMOTIONAL7 ( ! WEAL?IE/ C\NTRIES IS BAS$ ON ! EXPLOITATION & CONTAM9ATION ( ! POORE/4 .<#a#g#h.> ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #a#i#i4 .<#a#g#i.> ,EMILY ,AH]N1 ,*9ESE ,RITUAL & ,POLITICS 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#h#a74 .<#a#h.> ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #b4 ,BAUM IS QUOT+ ,C4,A4 ,RONAN & ,J4 ,NE$HAM1 ,! ,%ORT] ,SCI5CE & ,CIVILIZATION 9 ,*9A1 ,VOL4 #a 7,CAMBRIDGE3 ,CAMBRIDGE ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS1 #a#i#g#h71 #a#h#g4 .<#a#h#a.> ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #b#b1 CIT+ ,F4,L4,K4 ,HSU1 ,AM]ICANS & ,*9ESE3 ,PASSAGE TO ,DIFF]5CES1 ,AM]ICANS & ,*9ESE3 ,PASSAGE TO ,DIFF]5CES 7,HONOLULU3 ,! ,UNIV]SITY ,PRESS ( ,HAWAII1 #a#i#h#a71 #b#e-#e#a4 .<#a#h#b.> ,MAX ,WEB]1 ,! ,RELIGION ( ,*9A 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,! ,FREE ,PRESS1 #a#i#e#a71 #c4 .<#a#h#c.> ,BAUM1 0,RITUAL & ,RATIONALITY10 #b#d-#b#e4 .<#a#h#d.> ,= EXAMPLE ,EVANS1 ,WIT*CRAFT & ! ,GAY ,C\NT]CULTURE2 ,MOIRA ,DONALD & ,L9DA ,HURCOMBE1 $S41 ,REPRES5TATIONS ( ,G5D] FROM ,PREHI/ORY TO ,PRES5T 7,NEW ,YORK3 ,/4 ,M>T9'S ,PRESS1 #b74 .<#a#h#e.> ,L'VOVA1 0,! ,=MATION & ,DEVELOPM5T ( ,/ATES10 #b#i#d4 .<#a#h#f.> ,BECAUSE ! CONCEPT ( EQUALITY IS 9 ITS ORIG9S DEMOCRATIC1 & AS SU* PATRI>*AL1 & BECAUSE IT IS ALSO APPLI$ TO PATRI>*AL SOCIETIES ?AT HAVE EQUALIZ$ ACCESS TO P[] BETWE5 M5 & WOM51 ,I REF] TO ! ANTI!SIS ( A PATRI>*Y AS COMPLEM5T>Y G5D]$ SOCIETY4 ,IDEALLY1 ! ANTI!SIS ( PATRI>*Y W\LD BE A SOCIETY ) ABSOLUTELY NO DIFF]5TIATION ( G5D] OR ) A G5D] P]=MATIVITY ?AT IS CON/ANTLY 9 FLUX4 ,CLE>LY1 G5D] DIFF]5TIATION IS A PR]EQUISITE TO PATRI>*Y1 & IT SEEMS ?AT SOCIETIES ?AT MAKE G5D] IMMUTABLE >E MORE LIKELY TO DEVELOP AS PATRI>*IES4 ,H[EV]1 ?IS IDEAL SEEMS TO REA* AN 9CORPOREAL EXTREME ?AT DOES NOT F9D EXPRESSION 9 HUMAN HI/ORY4 ,EV5 SOCIETIES ) G5D] MUTABILITY & MORE ?AN TWO G5D] CATEGORIES W]E BAS$1 IT SEEMS1 ON ! TWO PRIM>Y G5D]S COMMON ?R\<\T ! WORLD4 ,EV5 ?\< ! ROLES & *>ACT]I/ICS ( ! G5D]S DIFF]1 & PO/MOD]NISM HAS LONG S9CE PROBLEMATIZ$ ! ASSUMPTION ?AT CATEGORIES >E TRANSLATABLE1 ! TWO PRIM>Y CATEGORIES ( G5D] SEEM TO BE UNIV]SAL4 ,! *>ACT]I/IC ?AT SEEMS TO BE COMMON 9 SOCIETIES ?AT >E NOT PATRI>*AL 79CLUD+ ?OSE ?AT HAVE BE5 DUBI\SLY CLASSIFI$ AS MATRI>*AL1 EV5 ?\< !Y DO NOT EXHIBIT ANALOG\S CONTROL /RUCTURES & CU/OMS7 IS A COMPLEM5T>ITY BETWE5 ! TWO G5D] CATEGORIES1 A BALANCE BAS$ 9 RESPECT & MUTUAL AUTONOMY1 & POSSIBLY ONE OR MORE ADDITIONAL CATEGORIES ?AT ALL[ MOVEM5T FROM ! G5D] ASSIGN$ AT BIR?4 ,?IS HI/ORICAL LIMITATION1 H[EV]1 SAYS NO?+ AB\T ! POSSIBILITY ( E/ABLI%+ A SOCIETY ) NO G5D] DIFF]5TIATION N[4 .<#a#h#g.> ,JUDI? ,VAN ,ALL51 0,SITT+ ,ON A ,MAN10 ,CANADIAN ,J\RNAL ( ,AFRICAN ,/UDIES ,I,I 7#a#i#g#b73 #b#a#a-#a#i4 .<#a#h#h.> ,EXAMPLES 9CLUDE ,B59 & ,NUPE K+DOMS4 ,MOSES1 ! MY?ICAL FIGURE IMPORTANT 9 ! 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