,*APT] #g 
,G5]AL ,PROBLEMS ( ,SOCIALI/ ,ECONOMY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,TEXT 3 

#g4 ,G5]AL ,PROBLEMS ( ,SOCIALI/ ,ECONOMY 

A4 ,SIMPLIFICATION & ,RATIONALIZATION ( ,DATA 

,SOCIALI/ ECONOMY IMPLIES ?AT ! PRODUC]S !MSELVES WILL CONSCI\SLY MANAGE ALL ECONOMIC ACTIVITY4 ,?IS MANAGEM5T WILL BE EX]CIS$ AT ALL LEVELS1 &1 9 P>TICUL>1 AT ! OV]ALL OR C5TRAL LEVEL4 ,IT IS ILLUSORY TO BELIEVE ?AT BUREAUCRACIES 7EV5 0CONTROLL$0 BUREAUCRACIES7 LEFT TO !MSELVES C\LD GUIDE ! ECONOMY T[>DS SOCIALISM4 ,SU* BUREAUCRACIES C\LD ONLY LEAD SOCIETY T[>DS NEW =MS ( EXPLOITATION4 ,IT IS ALSO WRONG TO ?9K ?AT 0AUTOMATIC0 OBJECTIVE ME*ANISMS C\LD BE E/ABLI%$1 :I*1 LIKE ! AUTOMATIC PILOTS ( A MOD]N JET AIRCRAFT1 C\LD AT EA* MOM5T DIRECT ! ECONOMY 9 ! DESIR$ DIRECTION4 ,! SAME IMPOSSIBILITIES >ISE :E!R ONE CONSID]S AN 05LI<T5$0 BUREAUCRACY OR SOME ELECTRONIC SUP]-COMPUT]1 NAMELY ?AT ! KEY PROBLEMS >E HUMAN ONES4 ,ANY PLAN PRE-SUPPOSES A FUNDAM5TAL DECISION ON ! RATE ( GR[? ( ! ECONOMY1 & ?IS1 9 TURN1 DEP5DS ESS5TIALLY ON HUMAN DECISIONS CONC]N+ ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT BETWE5 9VE/M5T & CONSUMPTION4.<#a#e.> 

,NO 0OBJECTIVE0 RATIONALITY CAN DET]M9E SU* A DI/RIBUTION4 ,A DECISION TO 9VE/ #a .0 ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT IS NEI!R MORE NOR LESS RATIONAL ?AN A DECISION TO 9VE/ #i .0 ( IT4 ,! ONLY RATIONALITY 9 ! MATT] IS ! *OICE PEOPLE MAKE AB\T !IR [N FATE1 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS4 ,! FIX+ ( PLAN T>GETS BY ?OSE :O WILL HAVE TO FULFILL !M IS1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 ! ONLY GU>ANTEE ( !IR WILL+ & SPONTANE\S P>TICIPATION4 

,BUT ?IS DOESN'T MEAN ?AT ! PLAN & ! MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY >E 0JU/ POLITICAL MATT]S40 ,SOCIALI/ PLANN+ WILL BASE ITSELF ON C]TA9 RATIONAL TE*NICAL FACTORS4 ,IT IS1 9 FACT1 ! ONLY TYPE ( PLANN+ :I* C\LD 9TEGRATE SU* FACTORS 9TO A CONSCI\S MANAGEM5T ( ! ECONOMY4 ,!SE FACTORS CONSI/ ( A NUMB] ( EXTREMELY USEFUL & EFFECTIVE 0LABOR-SAV+0 & 0?\<T-SAV+0 DEVICES1 :I* CAN BE US$ TO SIMPLIFY ! REPRES5TATION ( ! ECONOMY & ( ITS 9T]RELATIONS1 !REBY ALL[+ ! PROBLEMS ( C5TRAL ECONOMIC MANAGEM5T TO BE MADE ACCESSIBLE TO ALL4 ,WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION 7?IS TIME AT ! LEVEL ( ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE1 & NOT JU/ AT ! LEVEL ( A P>TICUL> FACTORY7 WILL ONLY BE POSSIBLE IF ! FUNDAM5TAL DECISIONS HAVE BE5 5ORM\SLY SIMPLIFI$1 SO ?AT ! PRODUC]S & !IR COLLECTIVE 9/ITUTIONS >E 9 A POSITION TO JUDGE ! KEY ISSUES 9 AN 9=M$ WAY4 ,:AT IS NE$$ 9 O!R WORDS1 IS = ! VA/ CURR5T *AOS ( ECONOMIC FACTS & RELATIONS TO BE BOIL$ D[N TO C]TA9 PROPOSITIONS1 :I* ADEQUATELY SUM UP ! REAL PROBLEMS & *OICES4 ,!SE PROPOSITIONS %\LD BE FEW 9 NUMB]4 ,!Y %\LD BE EASY TO GRASP4 ,!Y %\LD SUMM>IZE REALITY )\T DI/ORTION OR MY/IFICATION4 ,IF !Y CAN DO ?IS1 !Y WILL =M AN ADEQUATE BASIS = MEAN+FUL JUDGM5TS4 

,A COND5SATION ( SU* A TYPE IS POSSIBLE1 FIR/LY1 BECAUSE !RE >E RATIONAL +R$I5TS TO ! ECONOMY1 & SECONDLY1 BECAUSE !RE EXI/ ALREADY TODAY C]TA9 TE*NIQUES ALL[+ ONE TO GRASP ! COMPLEXITIES ( ECONOMIC REALITY1 & F9ALLY BECAUSE IT IS N[ POSSIBLE TO ME*ANIZE & TO AUTOMATE ALL ?AT DOES NOT P]TA9 TO HUMAN DECISIONS 9 ! /RICT S5SE4 

,A DISCUSSION ( ! RELEVANT DEVICES1 TE*NIQUES1 & POSSIBILITIES IS !RE=E ESS5TIAL AS FROM N[4 ,!Y 5ABLE US TO C>RY \T A VA/ CLE>+ ( ! GR\ND1 )\T :I* WORK]S' MANAGEM5T W\LD COLLAPSE UND] ! WEI<T ( ! V]Y SUBJECT MATT] IT S\<T TO DEAL )4 ,SU* A DISCUSSION IS 9 NO S5SE A 0PURELY TE*NICAL0 DISCUSSION & AT EA* /AGE ( IT WE WILL BE GUID$ BY ! G5]AL PR9CIPLES ALREADY \TL9$4 

B4 ,! 0,PLAN ,FACTORY0 

,A PLAN ( PRODUCTION1 :E!R IT DEALS ) ONE FACTORY OR ) ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE1 RESEMBLES A REASON+4 ,IT CAN BE BOIL$ D[N TO TWO PREMISES & TO ONE CONCLUSION4 ,! TWO PREMISES >E ! MAT]IAL MEANS ONE DISPOSES ( AT ! ONSET 7EQUIPM5T1 /OCKS1 LABOR1 ETC471 & ! T>GET ONE IS AIM+ AT 7PRODUCTION ( SO MANY SPECIFI$ OBJECTS1 TO BE BR\<T AB\T )9 ?IS OR ?AT P]IOD ( TIME71 ,WE WILL REF] TO !SE PREMISES AS ! 09ITIAL CONDITIONS0 & ! 0ULTIMATE T>GETS40 ,! 0CONCLUSION0 IS ! PA? TO BE FOLL[$ TO PASS FROM 9ITIAL CONDITIONS TO ULTIMATE T>GET4 ,9 PRACTICE1 ?IS MEANS A C]TA9 NUMB] ( 9T]M$IATE PRODUCTS TO BE MADE )9 A GIV5 P]IOD4 ,WE WILL CALL !SE CONCLUSIONS ! 09T]M$IATE T>GETS40 

,:5 PASS+ FROM SIMPLE 9ITIAL CONDITIONS TO A SIMPLE ULTIMATE T>GET1 ! 9T]M$IATE T>GETS CAN BE DET]M9$ QUICKLY4 ,AS ! 9ITIAL CONDITIONS OR ! ULTIMATE T>GET 7OR BO?7 BECOME MORE COMPLEX1 OR >E MORE SPREAD \T 9 TIME1 ! E/ABLI%M5T ( 9T]M$IATE T>GETS BECOMES MORE DIFFICULT4 ,9 ! CASE ( ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE 7:]E !RE >E ?\S&S ( DIFF]5T PRODUCTS1 SEV]AL ( :I* CAN BE MADE BY DIFF]5T PROCESSES1 & :]E ! MANUFACTURE ( ANY GIV5 CATEGORY ( PRODUCTS (T5 DIRECTLY OR 9DIRECTLY 9VOLVES MANY O!RS71 ONE MI<T IMAG9E ! COMPLEXITY TO BE SU* ?AT RATIONAL PLANN+ 79 ! S5SE ( AN A PRIORI DET]M9ATION ( ! 9T]M$IATE T>GETS1 GIV5 ! 9ITIAL CONDITIONS & ULTIMATE T>GET71 W\LD BE IMPOSSIBLE4 ,! APOLOGI/S ( 0PRIVATE 5T]PRISE0 HAVE BE5 PROCLAIM+ ?IS DOCTR9E = AGES4 ,BUT1 IT ISN'T TRUE4.<#a#f.> ,! PROBLEM CAN BE SOLV$1 & AVAILABLE MA!MATICAL TE*NIQUES 9 FACT ALL[ IT TO BE SOLV$ REM>KABLY SIMPLY4 ,ONCE ! 09ITIAL CONDITIONS0 >E KN[N & ! 0ULTIMATE T>GETS0 HAVE BE5 CONSCI\SLY & DEMOCRATICALLY DET]M9$1 ! :OLE CONT5T ( PLANN+ 7! DET]M9ATION ( ! 9T]M$IATE T>GETS7 CAN BE R$UC$ TO A PURELY TE*NICAL TASK ( EXECUTION1 CAPABLE ( BE+ ME*ANIZ$ & AUTOMAT$ TO A V]Y HI< DEGREE4 

,! BASIS ( ! NEW ME?ODS IS ! CONCEPT ( ! TOTAL 9T]DEP5D5CE ( ALL SECTORS ( ! ECONOMY 7! FACT ?AT EV]Y?+ ?AT ONE SECTOR UTILIZES 9 PRODUCTION IS ITSELF ! PRODUCT ( ONE OR MORE O!R SECTORS2 & ! CONV]SE FACT1 ?AT EV]Y PRODUCT ( A GIV5 SECTOR WILL ULTIMATELY BE UTILIZ$ OR CONSUM$ BY ONE OR MORE O!R SECTORS74 ,! IDEA1 :I* GOES BACK TO ,QUESNAY & :I* =M$ ! BASIS ( ,M>X'S !ORY ( ACCUMULATION1 HAS BE5 VA/LY DEVELOP$ 9 ! LA/ FEW YE>S BY A GR\P ( ,AM]ICAN ECONOMI/S >\ND ,WASSILY ,W4 ,LEONTIEF1 :O HAVE SUCCE$$ 9 GIV+ IT A /ATI/ICAL =MULATION4.<#a#g.> ,! 9T]DEP5D5CE IS SU* ?AT1 AT ANY GIV5 MOM5T 7= A GIV5 LEVEL ( TE*NIQUE & A GIV5 /RUCTURE ( AVAILABLE EQUIPM5T71 ! PRODUCTION ( EA* SECTOR IS RELAT$1 9 A RELATIVELY /ABLE MANN]1 TO ! PRODUCTS ( O!R SECTORS :I* ! FIR/ SECTOR UTILIZES 70CONSUMES PRODUCTIVELY074 

,IT IS EASY TO GRASP ?AT A GIV5 QUANTITY ( COAL IS NE$$ TO PRODUCE A TON ( /EEL ( A GIV5 TYPE4 ,MOREOV]1 ONE WILL NE$ SO MU* SCRAP METAL OR SO MU* IRON ORE1 SO MANY H\RS ( LABOR1 SU*-&-SU* AN EXP5DITURE ON UPKEEP & REPAIRS4 ,! RATIO 0COAL US$ 3 /EEL PRODUC$10 EXPRESS$ 9 T]MS ( VALUE1 IS KN[N AS ! 0CURR5T TE*NICAL COEFFICI5T0 DET]M9+ ! PRODUCTIVE CONSUMPTION ( COAL P] UNIT ( /EEL TURN$ \T4 ,IF ONE WANTS TO 9CREASE /EEL PRODUCTION BEYOND A C]TA9 PO9T1 IT WON'T HELP JU/ TO GO ON DELIV]+ MORE COAL OR MORE SCRAP METAL TO ! EXI/+ /EEL MILLS4 ,NEW MILLS WILL HAVE TO BE BUILT4 ,OR1 ONE WILL HAVE TO 9CREASE ! PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY ( EXI/+ MILLS4 ,TO 9CREASE /EEL \TPUT BY A GIV5 AM\NT1 ONE WILL HAVE TO PRODUCE A GIV5 AM\NT ( SPECIFI$ EQUIPM5T4 ,! RATIO 0GIV5 AM\NT ( SPECIFI$ EQUIPM5T 3 /EEL-PRODUC+ CAPACITY P] GIV5 P]IOD10 AGA9 EXPRESS$ 9 T]MS ( VALUE1 IS KN[N AS ! 0TE*NICAL COEFFICI5T ( CAPITAL40 ,IT DET]M9ES ! QUANTITY ( CAPITAL UTILIZ$ P] UNIT ( /EEL PRODUC$ 9 A GIV5 P]IOD4 

,ONE C\LD /OP AT ?IS PO9T1 IF ONE W]E ONLY DEAL+ ) A S+LE 5T]PRISE4 ,EV]Y FIRM BASES ITSELF ON CALCULATIONS ( ?IS K9D 79 FACT1 ON MU* MORE DETAIL$ ONES7 :51 HAV+ DECID$ TO PRODUCE SO MU*1 OR TO 9CREASE ITS PRODUCTION BY SO MU*1 IT BUYS RAW MAT]IALS1 ORD]S MA*9]Y OR RECRUITS LABOR4 ,BUT :5 ONE LOOKS AT ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE ?+S *ANGE4 ,! 9T]DEP5D5CE ( ! V>I\S SECTORS HAS DEF9ITE CONSEQU5CES4 ,! 9CREASE ( PRODUCTION ( A GIV5 SECTOR HAS REP]CUSSIONS 7( V>Y+ 9T5SITY7 ON ALL O!R SECTORS & F9ALLY ON ! 9ITIAL SECTOR ITSELF4 ,= EXAMPLE1 AN 9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( /EEL IMM$IATELY REQUIRES AN 9CREASE 9 ! PRODUCTION ( COAL4 ,BUT ?IS REQUIRES BO? AN 9CREASE 9 C]TA9 TYPES ( M9+ EQUIPM5T & ! RECRUITM5T ( MORE LABOR 9TO M9+4 ,! 9CREAS$ DEM& = M9+ EQUIPM5T1 9 TURN1 REQUIRES MORE /EEL1 & MORE LABOR 9 ! /EEL MILLS4 ,?IS1 9 TURN1 LEADS TO A DEM& = /ILL MORE COAL1 ETC41 ETC4 

,! USE ( ,WASSILY ,W4 ,LEONTIEF'S MATRICES1 COMB9$ ) O!R MOD]N ME?ODS SU* AS ,KOOPMANS' 0ACTIVITY ANALYSIS0.<#a#h.> 7( :I* 0OP]ATIONAL RESE>*0 IS A SPECIFIC 9/ANCE7 W\LD1 9 ! CASE ( A SOCIALI/ PLANN$ ECONOMY1 ALL[ !ORETICALLY EXACT ANSW]S TO BE GIV5 TO QUE/IONS ( ?IS TYPE4 ,A MATRIX IS A TABLE ON :I* >E SY/EMATICALLY DISPOS$ ! TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS 7BO? 0CURR5T TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS0 & 0TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS ( CAPITAL07 EXPRESS+ ! DEP5D5CE ( EA* SECTOR ON EA* ( ! O!RS4 ,EV]Y ULTIMATE T>GET ?AT MI<T BE *OS5 IS PRES5T$ AS A LI/ ( MAT]IAL MEANS TO BE UTILIZ$ 7& !RE=E1 MANUFACTUR$7 9 SPECIFI$ AM\NTS1 )9 ! P]IOD 9 QUE/ION4 ,AS SOON AS ! ULTIMATE T>GET IS *OS51 ! SOLUTION ( A SY/EM ( SIMULTANE\S EQUATIONS 5ABLES ONE TO DEF9E IMM$IATELY ALL ! 9T]M$IATE T>GETS1 & !RE=E1 ! TASKS TO BE FULFILL$ BY EA* SECTOR ( ! ECONOMY4 

,! WORK+-\T ( !SE RELATION%IPS WILL BE ! TASK ( A HI<LY ME*ANIZ$ & AUTOMAT$ SPECIFIC 5T]PRISE1 :OSE MA9 WORK W\LD CONSI/ 9 ! MASS PRODUCTION ( V>I\S PLANS 7T>GETS7 & ( !IR V>I\S COMPON5TS 7IMPLICATIONS74 ,?IS 5T]PRISE IS ! PLAN FACTORY4 ,ITS C5TRAL WORK%OP W\LD1 TO />T )1 PROBABLY CONSI/ ( A COMPUT] :OSE 0MEMORY0 W\LD /ORE ! TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS & ! 9ITIAL PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY ( EA* SECTOR4 ,IF 0F$0 A NUMB] ( HYPO!TICAL T>GETS1 ! COMPUT] C\LD SPELL \T ! PRODUCTIVE IMPLICATION ( EA* T>GET = EA* SECTOR 79CLUD+ ! AM\NT ( WORK TO BE PROVID$1 9 EA* 9/ANCE1 BY ! 0MAN-P[]0 SECTOR74.<#a#i.> 

,>\ND ?IS C5TRAL WORK%OP1 !RE W\LD BE O!RS :OSE TASKS W\LD BE TO /UDY ! DI/RIBUTION & V>IATIONS ( REGIONAL PRODUCTION & 9VE/M5T & POSSIBLE TE*NICAL OPTIMA 7GIV5 ! G5]AL 9T]DEP5D5CE ( ! V>I\S SECTORS74 ,!Y W\LD ALSO DET]M9E ! UNIT-VALUES 7EQUIVAL5CES7 ( DIFF]5T CATEGORIES ( PRODUCT4 ,TWO DEP>TM5TS ( ! PLAN FACTORY W>RANT SPECIAL M5TION3 ?AT DEAL+ ) /OCK-TAK+ & ?AT DEAL+ ) ! TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS4 

,! QUALITY ( PLANN+1 CONCEIV$ 9 ?IS WAY1 DEP5DS ON H[ WELL PEOPLE >E 9=M$ ( ! REAL /ATE ( ! ECONOMY :I* =MS ITS BASIS4 ,! ACCURACY ( ! SOLUTION1 9 O!R WORDS1 DEP5DS ON ADEQUATE 9=MATION AB\T BO? 09ITIAL CONDITIONS0 & ! 0TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS40 ,9DU/RIAL & AGRICULTURAL C5SUSES >E C>RI$ \T AT REGUL> 9T]VALS EV5 TODAY1 BY A NUMB] ( ADVANC$ CAPITALI/ C\NTRIES3 !Y (F] A V]Y CRUDE BASIS1 BECAUSE !Y >E EXTREMELY 9ACCURATE & FRAGM5T$4 ,! DRAW+ UP ( AN UP-TO-DATE & COMPLETE 9V5TORY WILL BE ONE ( ! FIR/ TASKS ( A SELF-MANAG$ SOCIETY4 ,! COLLECTIVE PREP>ATION ( SU* AN 9V5TORY IS A S]I\S TASK4 ,IT CAN'T BE A*IEV$ 0FROM ABOVE10 FROM ONE DAY TO ! NEXT4 ,NOR1 ONCE DRAWN UP1 W\LD SU* AN 9V5TORY BE CONSID]$ F9AL4 ,P]FECT+ IT & KEEP+ IT UP-TO-DATE W\LD BE A P]MAN5T TASK ( ! PLAN FACTORY1 WORK+ 9 CLOSE COOP]ATION ) ?OSE SECTIONS ( ! LOCAL ,C\NCILS RESPONSIBLE = 9DU/RIAL /OCKTAK+ 9 !IR [N >EAS4 ,! RESULTS ( ?IS COOP]ATION W\LD CON/ANTLY MODIFY & 05RI*0 ! 0MEMORY0 ( ! C5TRAL COMPUT]4 

,E/ABLI%+ ! 0TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS0 WILL POSE SIMIL> PROBLEMS4 ,TO />T )1 IT C\LD BE DONE V]Y R\<LY1 US+ C]TA9 G5]ALLY AVAILABLE /ATI/ICAL 9=MATION 70ON AV]AGE1 ! TEXTILE 9DU/RY USES SO MU* COTTON TO PRODUCE SO MU* CLO?074 ,BUT1 SU* KN[L$GE WILL HAVE TO BE MADE F> MORE PRECISE ?R\< TE*NICAL 9=MATION PROVID$ BY ! ,C\NCILS ( P>TICUL> 9DU/RIES4 ,! DATA 0/ORES0 9 ! COMPUT] WILL HAVE TO BE P]IODICALLY REVIS$ AS MORE ACCURATE KN[L$GE AB\T ! TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS - & 9 P>TICUL>1 AB\T ! REAL *ANGES 9 !SE COEFFICI5TS BR\<T AB\T BY NEW TE*NOLOGICAL DEVELOPM5TS - IS BR\<T TO LI<T4 

,KN[L$GE ( ! REAL /ATE ( AFFAIRS1 COMB9$ ) ! CON/ANT REVISION ( BASIC DATA & ) ! POSSIBILITY ( DRAW+ 9/ANT CONCLUSIONS FROM !M1 WILL RESULT 9 V]Y CONSID]ABLE1 POSSIBLY 5ORM\S1 GA9S4 ,! POT5TIALITIES ( !SE NEW TE*NIQUES REMA9 UNTAPP$1 9 ! V]Y FIELD :]E !Y C\LD BE MO/ USEFULLY APPLI$3 ?AT ( ! ECONOMY TAK5 AS A :OLE4 ,ANY TE*NICAL MODIFICATION1 9 ANY SECTOR1 C\LD 9 !ORY AFFECT ! WORK LOAD & ! CONDITIONS ( A RATIONAL *OICE ( ME?ODS 9 ALL O!R SECTORS4 ,A SOCIALI/ ECONOMY W\LD BE ABLE TOTALLY & 9/ANTANE\SLY TO TAKE ADVANTAGE ( SU* FACTS4 ,CAPITALI/ ECONOMIES ONLY TAKE !M 9TO ACC\NT BELAT$LY & 9 A V]Y P>TIAL WAY4 

,! SETT+-UP ( SU* A PLAN FACTORY %\LD BE IMM$IATELY POSSIBLE1 9 ANY C\NTRY :I* IS EV5 MOD]ATELY 9DU/RIALIZ$4 ,! EQUIPM5T NECESS>Y EXI/S ALREADY4 ,SO DO ! PEOPLE CAPABLE ( WORK+ IT4 ,BANKS & 9SURANCE COMPANIES 7:I* WILL BE UNNECESS>Y UND] SOCIALISM7 ALREADY USE SOME ( !SE ME?ODS 9 WORK ( ?IS G5]AL TYPE4 ,L9K+ UP ) MA!MATICIANS1 /ATI/ICIANS1 ECONOMETRICIANS1 ?OSE :O WORK 9 SU* (FICES C\LD PROVIDE ! 9ITIAL P]SONNEL ( ! PLAN FACTORY4 ,WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION & ! REQUIREM5TS ( A RATIONAL ECONOMY WILL PROVIDE A TREM5D\S IMPETUS TO ! DEVELOPM5T1 BO? 0SPONTANE\S0 & 0CONSCI\S0 ( RATIONAL TE*NIQUES ( PLANN+4 

,LET US NOT BE MISUND]/OOD2 ! ROLE ( ! 0PLAN FACTORY0 WON'T BE TO DECIDE ON ! PLAN4 ,IT WON'T IMPOSE ANY?+ ON O!RS4 ,! T>GETS ( ! PLAN WILL BE DET]M9$ BY SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 9 A MANN] %ORTLY TO BE DESCRIB$4 ,BE=E ANY PROPOSALS >E VOT$ UPON1 H[EV]1 ! PLAN FACTORY WILL WORK \T & PRES5T TO SOCIETY AS A :OLE ! IMPLICATIONS & CONSEQU5CES 7= V>I\S GR\PS ( ! POPULATION7 ( ! PLAN 7OR PLANS7 SUGGE/$4 ,?IS WILL RESULT 9 A VA/ 9CREASE 9 ! >EA ( REAL DEMOCRACY 7I4E41 ( DECID+ 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS74 ,AFT] A PLAN HAS BE5 ADOPT$1 ! TASK ( ! PLAN FACTORY WILL BE TO CON/ANTLY BR+ UP-TO-DATE ! FACTS ON :I* ! PLAN WAS BAS$1 TO DRAW ! NECESS>Y CONCLUSIONS FROM POSSIBILITIES ( *ANGE & TO 9=M BO? ! ,C5TRAL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,C\NCILS & ! RELEVANT SECTORS ( ANY ALT]ATIONS 9 9T]M$IATE T>GETS 7& !RE=E1 ( PRODUCTION TASKS7 ?AT MI<T BE WOR? CONSID]+4 

,9 NONE ( !SE 9/ANCES W\LD ?OSE ACTUALLY WORK+ 9 ! PLAN FACTORY DECIDE OR IMPOSE ANY?+ - EXCEPT ! ORGANIZATION ( !IR [N WORK4 

C4 ,CONSUM] ,GOODS 

,BUT :AT AB\T CONSUMPTION8 ,9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 H[ C\LD PEOPLE DET]M9E :AT IS PRODUC$8 

,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT ?IS CANNOT BE BAS$ ON DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 ,! PLAN CAN'T PROPOSE1 AS AN ULTIMATE T>GET1 A COMPLETE LI/ ( CONSUM] GOODS OR SUGGE/ 9 :AT PROPORTIONS !Y %\LD BE PRODUC$4 ,SU* A PROPOSAL W\LD NOT BE DEMOCRATIC1 = TWO REASONS4 ,FIR/LY1 IT C\LD NEV] BE BAS$ ON 0FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS10 NAMELY ON A FULL KN[L$GE ( EV]YBODY'S PREF]5CES4 ,SECONDLY1 IT W\LD BE TANTAM\NT TO A PO9TLESS TYRANNY ( ! MAJORITY OV] ! M9ORITY4 ,IF #d .0 ( ! POPULATION WI% TO CONSUME A C]TA9 >TICLE1 !RE IS NO REASON :Y !Y %\LD BE DEPRIV$ ( IT UND] PRETEXT ?AT ! O!R #f .0 PREF] SOME?+ ELSE4 ,NO PREF]5CE OR TA/E IS MORE LOGICAL ?AN ANY O!R4 ,MOREOV]1 CONSUM] WI%ES >E SELDOM 9COMPATIBLE ) ONE ANO!R4 ,MAJORITY VOTES 9 ?IS MATT] W\LD AM\NT TO RATION+1 AN ABSURD WAY ( SETTL+ ?IS K9D ( PROBLEM ANY:]E BUT 9 A BESIEG$ =TRESS4 

,PLANN+ DECISIONS WON'T !RE=E RELATE TO P>TICUL> ITEMS1 BUT TO ! G5]AL /&>D ( LIV+ 7! OV]ALL VOLUME ( CONSUMPTION74 ,!Y WILL NOT DELVE 9TO ! DETAIL$ COMPOSITION ( ?IS CONSUMPTION4 

,9 RELATION TO HUMAN CONSUMPTION1 DECID+ ON LIV+ /&>DS DOESN'T REQUIRE ! SAME K9D ( CONSID]ATIONS ?AT GO 9TO DET]M9+ H[ MANY TONS ( COAL >E NE$$ TO PRODUCE SO MANY TONS ( /EEL4 ,!RE >E NO 0TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS ( ! CONSUM]40 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 !RE IS1 ( C\RSE1 SOME /ATI/ICAL CORRELATION BETWE5 9COME & ! /RUCTURE ( DEM& 7)\T SU* A CORRELATION PRIVATE CAPITALISM C\LDN'T FUNCTION74 ,BUT1 ?IS IS ONLY A V]Y RELATIVE AFFAIR4 ,IT W\LD BE TURN$ UPSIDE D[N UND] SOCIALISM4 ,A MASSIVE R$I/RIBUTION ( 9COMES WILL HAVE TAK5 PLACE2 PR(\ND *ANGES WILL HAVE OCCURR$ 9 EV]Y REALM ( SOCIAL LIFE2 ! P]MAN5T RAPE ( ! CONSUM]S ?R\< ADV]TIS+ & CAPITALI/ SALES' TE*NIQUES WILL HAVE BE5 ABOLI%$2 NEW TA/ES WILL HAVE EM]G$ AS ! RESULT ( 9CREAS$ LEISURE4 

,F9ALLY1 ! /ATI/ICAL REGUL>ITY ( CONSUM] DEM& CAN'T SOLVE ! PROBLEM ( V>IATIONS ?AT MI<T OCCUR )9 A GIV5 P]IOD1 BETWE5 REAL DEM& & ?AT 5VISAG$ 9 ! PLAN4 ,G5U9E PLANN+ DOESN'T MEAN SAY+ 0LIV+ /&>DS WILL GO UP BY #e .0 NEXT YE>1 & EXP]I5CE TELLS US ?AT ?IS WILL RESULT 9 A #b .0 9CREASE 9 ! DEM& = C>S1 !RE=E LET'S MAKE #b .0 MORE C>S10 & /OPP+ AT ?AT4 ,ONE MAY HAVE TO />T 9 ?IS WAY1 :]E O!R CRIT]IA >E MISS+1 BUT !RE WILL HAVE TO BE P[]FUL CORRECT+ ME*ANISMS CAPABLE ( RESPOND+ TO DISP>ITIES BETWE5 ANTICIPAT$ & REAL DEM&4 

,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL HAVE TO REGULATE ! PATT]N ( ITS CONSUMPTION ACCORD+ TO ! PR9CIPLE ( CONSUM] SOV]EIGNTY4 ,?IS IMPLIES ! EXI/5CE ( SOME ME*ANISM :]EBY CONSUM] DEM& CAN G5U9ELY MAKE ITSELF FELT4 ,! 0G5]AL DECISION0 EMBODI$ 9 ! PLAN WILL DEF9E3 

:AT PROPORTION ( ITS OV]ALL PRODUCT SOCIETY WI%ES TO DEVOTE TO ! SATISFACTION ( 9DIVIDUAL CONSUM] NE$S1 

:AT PROPORTION IT W\LD LIKE TO ALLOCATE TO COLLECTIVE NE$S 70PUBLIC CONSUMPTION071 & 

:AT PROPORTION IT WANTS TO DEVOTE TO 0DEVELOP+ ! PRODUCTIVE =CES0 7I4E41 TO 9VE/74 ,BUT ! /RUCTURE ( CONSUMPTION WILL HAVE TO BE DET]M9$ BY ! 9DIVIDUAL CONSUM]S !MSELVES4 

,H[ C\LD A MUTUAL ADAPTATION ( SUPPLY & DEM& COME AB\T8 ,H[ MI<T CONSUM] DEM& REALLY MANIFE/ ITSELF8 

,FIR/ !RE W\LD HAVE TO BE AN OV]ALL EQUILIBRIUM4 ,! SUM TOTAL DI/RIBUT$ 9 ANY GIV5 P]IOD 7AS 0WAGES0 & O!R B5EFITS7 W\LD HAVE TO BE EQUAL TO ! VALUE ( CONSUM] GOODS 7QUANTITIES X PRICES7 MADE AVAILABLE 9 ?AT P]IOD4 ,AN 0EMPIRICAL0 9ITIAL DECISION W\LD !N HAVE TO BE TAK51 TO PROVIDE1 AT LEA/1 A SKELETON = ! /RUCTURE ( CONSUMPTION4 ,?IS 9ITIAL DECISION W\LD BASE ITSELF ON TRADITIONALLY 0KN[N0 /ATI/ICAL DATA1 BUT 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! FACT ?AT !SE WILL HAVE TO BE EXT5SIVELY MODIFI$ BY TAK+ 9TO ACC\NT A :OLE S]IES ( NEW FACTORS 7SU* AS ! EQUALIZATION ( WAGES1 = 9/ANCE74 ,/OCKS ( V>I\S COMMODITIES1 9 EXCESS ( :AT IT IS EXPECT$ MI<T BE CONSUM$ 9 A GIV5 P]IOD WILL1 9ITIALLY1 HAVE TO BE S*$UL$ =4 

,?REE 0CORRECTIVE0 PROCESSES W\LD !N COME 9TO PLAY1 ! NET RESULT ( :I* W\LD BE TO IMM$IATELY DEMON/RATE ANY GAP BETWE5 ANTICIPAT$ & REAL DEM&1 & TO BRIDGE IT3 

,AVAILABLE /OCKS W\LD EI!R RISE OR FALL4 

,ACCORD+ TO :E!R ! RES]VE /OCKS DECREAS$ OR 9CREAS$ 7I4E41 ACCORD+ TO :E!R DEM& HAD BE5 9ITIALLY UND]E/IMAT$ OR OV]E/IMAT$71 !RE W\LD BE AN 9ITIAL RISE OR FALL 9 ! PRICE ( ! V>I\S COMMODITIES4 ,! REASON = !SE TEMPOR>Y PRICE FLUCTUATIONS W\LD HAVE TO BE FULLY EXPLA9$ TO ! PEOPLE4 

,!RE W\LD SIMULTANE\SLY TAKE PLACE AN IMM$IATE READJU/M5T 9 ! \TPUT ( CONSUM] GOODS1 TO ! LEVEL :]E 7! /OCKS HAV+ BE5 RECON/ITUT$7 ! PRODUCTION ( GOODS EQUALS ! DEM&4 ,AT ?AT MOM5T1 ! SALE PRICE W\LD AGA9 BECOME EQUAL TO ! 0NORMAL PRICE0 7LABOR VALUE7 ( ! PRODUCT4 

,GIV5 ! PR9CIPLE ( 0CONSUM] SOV]EIGNTY0 ANY DIFF]5CES BETWE5 ! ACTUAL DEM& & PRODUCTION S*$UL$ WILL HAVE TO BE CORRECT$ BY A MODIFICATION 9 ! /RUCTURE ( PRODUCTION & NOT BY RESORT+ TO P]MAN5T DIFF]5CES BETWE5 SELL+ PRICES & VALUE4 ,IF SU* DIFF]5CES W]E TO APPE>1 !Y W\LD AUTOMATICALLY IMPLY ?AT ! ORIG9AL PLANN+ DECISION WAS WRONG1 9 ?IS P>TICUL> FIELD4 

D4 0,MONEY10 0,WAGES10 ,VALUE 

,MANY ABSURDITIES HAVE BE5 SAID AB\T MONEY & ITS IMM$IATE ABOLITION 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 & !RE IS A GREAT DEAL ( LOOSE ?9K+ AB\T ! SUBJECT4_<#a#d_> ,IT %\LD BE CLE> ?AT ! ROLE ( MONEY IS RADICALLY ALT]$ FROM ! MOM5T :]E IT CAN NO LONG] BE A MEANS ( ACCUMULATION 7! MEANS ( PRODUCTION BE+ [N$ 9 COMMON7 OR AS A MEANS ( EX]T+ SOCIAL PRESSURE 7WAGES BE+ EQUAL74 ,:AT RESIDUAL FUNCTION W\LD MONEY !N HAVE8 

,PEOPLE WILL PROBABLY RECEIVE A TOK5 9 RETURN = :AT !Y PUT 9TO SOCIETY4_<#a#e_> ,!SE 0TOK5S0 MI<T TAKE ! =M ( UNITS1 ALL[+ PEOPLE TO ORGANIZE :AT !Y TAKE \T ( SOCIETY1 SPREAD+ IT \T 7A7 9 TIME1 & 7B7 BETWE5 DIFF]5T OBJECTS & S]VICES1 EXACTLY AS !Y WI%4 ,AS WE >E SEEK+ H]E TO GET TO GRIPS ) REALITIES & >E NOT FI<T+ AGA9/ WORDS1 WE SEE NO OBJECTION TO CALL+ !SE TOK5S 0WAGES0 & !SE UNITS 0MONEY10_<#a#f_> JU/ AS A LITTLE E>LI] WE US$ ! WORDS 0NORMAL PRICES0 TO DESCRIBE ! MONET>Y EXPRESSION ( LABOR VALUE4.<#b.> 

,UND] SOCIALISM LABOR VALUE W\LD BE ! ONLY RATIONAL BASIS = ANY K9D ( SOCIAL ACC\NTANCY & ! ONLY Y>D/ICK HAV+ ANY REAL MEAN+ = PEOPLE4 ,! FIR/ AIM ( SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION WILL BE TO R$UCE BO? ! DIRECT & 9DIRECT EXP5DITURE ( HUMAN LABOR P[]4 ,FIX+ ! PRICES ( CONSUM] GOODS ON ! BASIS ( !IR LABOR VALUE1 W\LD MEAN ?AT = EV]YONE ! CO/ ( OBJECTS W\LD CLE>LY APPE> AS ! EQUIVAL5T ( ! LABOR 79 H\RS7 S_/HE HIMSELF W\LD HAVE HAD TO EXP5D TO PRODUCE !M 7ASSUM+ S_/HE HAD ACCESS TO ! AV]AGE PREVAIL+ EQUIPM5T & ?AT S_/HE HAD AN AV]AGE SOCIAL CAPACITY74 

,IT W\LD BO? SIMPLIFY & CL>IFY ?+S IF ! MONET>Y UNIT WAS CONSID]$ ! 0NET PRODUCT ( AN H\R ( LABOR0 & IF ?IS W]E MADE ! UNIT ( VALUE4 ,IT W\LD ALSO ASSI/ TOTAL DEMY/IFICATION IF ! H\RLY WAGE1 EQUAL = ALL1 W]E A GIV5 FRACTION ( ?IS UNIT1 EXPRESS+ ! RATIO 0PRIVATE CONSUMPTION 3 TOTAL NET PRODUCTION40 

,IF !SE /EPS W]E TAK5 & ?OR\<LY EXPLA9$1 !Y W\LD 5ABLE ! FUNDAM5TAL PLANN+ DECISIONS 7NAMELY ! DI/RIBUTION ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT BETWE5 CONSUMPTION & 9VE/M5T7 TO BE IMM$IATELY OBVI\S TO EV]YONE1 & REPEAT$LY DRAWN TO !IR ATT5TION1 EV]Y TIME S_/HE B\<T ANY?+4 ,EQUALLY OBVI\S W\LD BE ! SOCIAL CO/ ( EV]Y OBJECT ACQUIR$4 

E4 ,WAGE ,EQUALITY 

,WORK+ CLASS ASPIRATIONS1 :5EV] !Y SUCCE$ 9 EXPRESS+ !MSELVES 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! TRADE UNION BUREAUCRACY1 >E (T5 DIRECT$ AGA9/ HI]>*Y & WAGE DIFF]5TIALS4 ,BAS+ ITSELF ON ?IS FACT1 SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL 9TRODUCE ABSOLUTE WAGE EQUALITY4 

,!RE IS NO JU/IFICATION = WAGE DIFF]5TIALS1 :E!R !SE REFLECT DIFF]+ PR(ESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS OR DIFF]5CES 9 PRODUCTIVITY4 ,IF AN 9DIVIDUAL HIMSELF_/H]SELF ADVANC$ ! CO/S ( HIS_/H] PR(ESSIONAL TRA9+1 & IF SOCIETY CONSID]$ HIM_/H] 0AN 5T]PRISE10 ! RECUP]ATION ( ?OSE CO/S1 SPREAD \T OV] A WORK+ LIFETIME W\LD AT MO/ 0JU/IFY10 AT ! EXTREMES ( ! WAGES SPECTRUM A DIFF]5TIAL ( #b3#a 7BETWE5 A SWEEP] & A NEUROSURGEON74 ,UND] SOCIALISM1 TRA9+ CO/S W\LD BE ADVANC$ BY SOCIETY 7!Y (T5 >E1 EV5 TODAY71 & ! QUE/ION ( !IR 0RECOV]Y0 W\LD NOT >ISE4 ,AS = PRODUCTIVITY1 IT DEP5DS 7ALREADY TODAY7 MU* LESS ON BONUS & MU* MORE ON ! CO]CIONS EX]CIS$ ON ! ONE H& BY ! MA*9ES & BY ! =EMAN 7T5D+ TO PU% IT UP71 & ON ! O!R H& BY ! DISCIPL9$ RESI/ANCE TO PRODUCTION1 IMPOS$ BY PRIM>Y WORK+ GR\PS 9 ! WORK%OP 7T5D+ TO KEEP IT D[N74 ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY C\LD NOT 9CREASE PRODUCTIVITY BY ECONOMIC CON/RA9TS )\T RESORT+ AGA9 TO ALL ! CAPITALI/ P>APH]NALIA ( NORMS1 SUP]VISION1 ETC4 ,COOP]ATION W\LD FL[ 7AS IT ALREADY DOES1 9 P>T1 TODAY7 FROM ! SELF-ORGANIZATION ( PRIM>Y GR\PS 9 ! WORK%OPS1 FROM ! NATURAL RELATION%IPS BETWE5 DIFF]5T %OPS1 & FROM GA!R+S ( PRODUC]S 9 DIFF]5T FACTORIES OR DIFF]5T SECTORS ( ! ECONOMY4 ,! PRIM>Y GR\P 9 A WORK%OP1 CAN1 9 G5]AL1 SECURE ?AT ANY P>TICUL> 9DIVIDUAL DOES HIS_/H] %>E4 ,IF1 = ANY P>TICUL> REASON1 !Y C\LDN'T WORK ) A P>TICUL> P]SON1 !Y C\LD ASK HIM_/H] TO LEAVE ! P>TICUL> %OP4 ,IT W\LD !N BE UP TO ! 9DIVIDUAL 9 QUE/ION TO SEEK 5TRY 9TO ONE ( MANY O!R PRIM>Y GR\PS ( WORK]S & TO GET HIMSELF_/H]SELF ACCEPT$ BY !M4 

,WAGE EQUALITY WILL GIVE A REAL MEAN+ TO CONSUMPTION1 EV]Y 9DIVIDUAL AT LA/ BE+ ASSUR$ ( AN EQUAL VOTE4 ,IT WILL ABOLI% A L>GE NUMB] ( CONFLICTS BO? 9 EV]YDAY LIFE & 9 PRODUCTION1 & WILL 5ABLE AN EXTRAORD9>Y COHESION ( WORK+ PEOPLE TO DEVELOP4 ,IT WILL DE/ROY AT ! V]Y ROOTS ! :OLE M]CANTILE MON/ROSITY ( CAPITALISM 7BO? PRIVATE & BUREAUCRATIC71 ! COMM]CIALIZATION ( 9DIVIDUALS1 ?AT :OLE UNIV]SE :]E ONE DOESN'T E>N :AT ONE IS WOR?1 BUT :]E ONE IS WOR? :AT ONE E>NS4 ,A FEW YE>S ( WAGE EQUALITY & LITTLE WILL BE LEFT ( ! :OLE DI/ORT$ M5TALITY ( PRES5T DAY 9DIVIDUALS4 

F4 ,! ,FUNDAM5TAL ,DECISION 

,! FUNDAM5TAL DECISION1 9 A SOCIALI/ ECONOMY1 IS ! ONE :]EBY SOCIETY AS A :OLE DET]M9ES :AT IT WANTS 7I4E41 ! ULTIMATE T>GETS ( ITS PLAN74 ,?IS DECISION IS AB\T TWO BASIC PROPOSITIONS4 ,GIV5 C]TA9 09ITIAL CONDITIONS10 H[ MU* TIME DOES SOCIETY WANT TO DEVOTE TO PRODUCTION8 ,& H[ MU* ( ! TOTAL PRODUCT DOES IT WANT TO SEE RESPECTIVELY ALLOCAT$ TO PRIVATE CONSUMPTION1 TO PUBLIC CONSUMPTION1 & TO 9VE/M5T8 

,9 BO? PRIVATE & BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES1 ! AM\NT ( TIME ONE HAS TO WORK IS DET]M9$ BY ! RUL+ CLASS BY MEANS ( ECONOMIC OR DIRECT PHYSICAL CON/RA9TS4 ,NO ONE IS CONSULT$ AB\T ! MATT]4 ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY1 TAK5 AS A :OLE1 WILL NOT ESCAPE ! IMPACT ( C]TA9 ECONOMIC FACTS 79 ! S5SE ?AT ANY DECISION TO MODIFY LABOR TIME WILL - O!R ?+S BE+ EQUAL - HAVE A BE>+ ON PRODUCTION74 ,BUT1 IT WILL DIFF] FROM ALL PREVI\S SOCIETIES1 9 ?AT = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HI/ORY1 PEOPLE WILL BE ABLE TO DECIDE AB\T WORK 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS1 ) ! BASIC ELEM5TS ( ! PROBLEM CLE>LY PRES5T$ TO !M4 

,SOCIALISM WILL ALSO BE ! FIR/ SOCIAL SY/EM 5ABL+ PEOPLE TO DECIDE 9 A RATIONAL WAY AB\T H[ SOCIETY'S PRODUCT %\LD BE DIVID$ BETWE5 CONSUMPTION & 9VE/M5T4 ,UND] PRIVATE CAPITALISM1 ?IS DI/RIBUTION TAKES PLACE 9 AN ABSOLUTELY >BITR>Y MANN] & ONE W\LD SEEK 9 VA9 ANY 0RATIONALITY0 UND]LY+ :AT DET]M9ES 9VE/M5T4.<#b#a.> ,9 BUREAUCRATIC CAPITALI/ SOCIETIES1 ! VOLUME ( 9VE/M5T IS ALSO DECID$ UPON QUITE >BITR>ILY4 ,! C5TRAL BUREAUCRACY1 9 !SE SOCIETIES1 HAVE NEV] BE5 ABLE TO JU/IFY !IR *OICES EXCEPT ?R\< REC\RSE TO 9CANTATIONS AB\T ! 0PRIORITY ( HEAVY 9DU/RY40.<#b#b.> ,BUT1 EV5 IF !RE W]E A RATIONAL1 0OBJECTIVE0 BASIS = A C5TRAL DECISION1 SU* A DECISION W\LD AUTOMATICALLY BE IRRATIONAL1 IF IT WAS REA*$ 9 ! ABS5CE ( ?OSE PRIM>ILY CONC]N$1 NAMELY ! MEMB]S ( SOCIETY4 ,ANY DECISION TAK5 9 ?IS WAY W\LD REPRODUCE ! BASIC CONTRADICTION ( ALL EXPLOIT+ REGIMES4 ,IT W\LD TREAT PEOPLE1 9 ! PLAN1 AS COMPON5TS ( PR$ICTABLE BEHAVIOR1 AS !ORETICAL 0OBJECTS40 ,IT W\LD SOON LEAD TO TREAT+ !M AS OBJECTS 9 REAL LIFE1 TOO4 ,SU* A POLICY W\LD CONTA9 ! SE$S ( ITS [N FAILURE3 9/EAD ( 5C\RAG+ ! P>TICIPATION ( ! PRODUC]S 9 C>RY+ \T ! PLAN1 IT W\LD IRREVOCABLY ALI5ATE !M FROM A PLAN ?AT WAS NOT ( !IR *OOS+4 ,!RE IS NO OBJECTIVE 0RATIONALITY0 ALL[+ ONE TO DECIDE1 BY MEANS ( MA!MATICAL =MULAS1 AB\T ! FUTURE ( SOCIETY1 AB\T WORK1 AB\T CONSUMPTION1 & AB\T ACCUMULATION4 ,! ONLY RATIONALITY 9 !SE REALMS IS ! LIV+ REASON ( MANK9D1 ! DECISIONS ( ORD9>Y M5 & WOM5 CONC]N+ !IR [N FATE4 

,BUT1 !SE DECISIONS WON'T FL[ FROM A TOSS ( ! DICE4 ,!Y WILL BE BAS$ ON A COMPLETE CL>IFICATION ( ! PROBLEM & ON FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS4 ,?IS WILL BE POSSIBLE BECAUSE !RE EXI/S1 = ANY GIV5 LEVEL ( TE*NIQUE1 A DEF9ITE RELATION BETWE5 A GIV5 9VE/M5T & ! RESULT+ 9CREASE 9 PRODUCTION4 ,?IS RELATION IS NO?+ O!R ?AN ! APPLICATION TO ! ECONOMY AS A :OLE ( ! 0TE*NICAL COEFFICI5TS ( CAPITAL0 ( :I* WE SPOKE E>LI]4 ,SU*-&-SU* AN 9VE/M5T 9 /EELWORKS WILL RESULT 9 SU*-&-SU* AN 9CREASE 9 :AT ! /EELWORKS TURN \T - & SU*-&-SU* A GLOBAL 9VE/M5T 9 PRODUCTION WILL RESULT 9 SU*-&-SU* A NET 9CREASE 9 ! GLOBAL SOCIAL PRODUCT4.<#b#c.> ,!RE=E1 SU*-&-SU* A RATE ( ACCUMULATION WILL ALL[ SU*-&-SU* A RATE ( 9CREASE ( ! SOCIAL PRODUCT 7& !RE=E1 ( ! /&>D ( LIV+ OR AM\NT ( LEISURE74 ,F9ALLY1 SU*-&-SU* A FRACTION ( ! PRODUCT DEVOT$ TO ACCUMULATION WILL ALSO RESULT 9 SU*-&-SU* A RATE ( 9CREASE ( LIV+ /&>DS4 

,! OV]ALL PROBLEM CAN !RE=E BE POS$ 9 ! FOLL[+ T]MS4 ,SU*-&-SU* AN IMM$IATE 9CREASE 9 CONSUMPTION IS POSSIBLE - BUT IT W\LD IMPLY A SIGNIFICANT CUT-D[N ON FUR!R 9CREASES 9 ! YE>S TO COME4 ,ON ! O!R H&1 PEOPLE MI<T PREF] TO *OOSE A MORE LIMIT$ IMM$IATE 9CREASE 9 LIV+ /&>DS1 :I* W\LD ALL[ ! SOCIAL PRODUCT 7& H5CE1 LIV+ /&>DS7 TO 9CREASE AT ! RATE ( X .0 P] ANNUM 9 ! YE>S TO COME4 ,&1 SO ON4 0,! CONFLICT BETWE5 ! PRES5T & ! FUTURE10 TO :I* ! APOLOGI/S ( PRIVATE CAPITALISM & ( ! BUREAUCRACY >E CON/ANTLY REF]R+1 W\LD /ILL BE ) US4 ,BUT1 IT W\LD BE CLE>LY SE54 ,&1 SOCIETY ITSELF W\LD SETTLE ! MATT]1 FULLY AW>E ( ! SETT+ & ( ! IMPLICATIONS ( :AT IT WAS DO+4 

,9 CONCLUSION1 & TO SUM UP1 ONE C\LD SAY ?AT ANY OV]ALL PLAN SUBMITT$ TO ! PEOPLE = DISCUSSION W\LD HAVE TO SPECIFY3 

! PRODUCTIVE IMPLICATIONS = EA* SECTOR ( 9DU/RY1 & AS F> AS POSSIBLE = EA* 5T]PRISE2 

! AM\NT ( WORK = EV]YONE ?AT !SE IMPLI$2 

! LEVEL ( CONSUMPTION DUR+ ! 9ITIAL P]IOD2 

! AM\NTS TO BE DEVOT$ TO PUBLIC CONSUMPTION & TO 9VE/M5T2 

! RATE ( 9CREASE ( FUTURE CONSUMPTION4 

,TO SIMPLIFY ?+S1 WE HAVE AT TIMES PRES5T$ ! DECISIONS AB\T ULTIMATE & 9T]M$IATE T>GETS 7I4E41 ! IMPLICATIONS ( ! PLAN CONC]N+ SPECIFIC >EAS ( PRODUCTION7 AS TWO SEP>ATE & CONSECUTIVE ACTS4 ,9 PRACTICE1 !RE W\LD BE A CONT9U\S GIVE-&-TAKE BETWE5 !SE TWO PHASES1 & A MULTIPLICITY ( PROPOSALS4 ,! PRODUC]S WILL BE 9 NO POSITION TO DECIDE ON ULTIMATE T>GETS1 UNLESS !Y KN[ :AT ! IMPLICATIONS ( P>TICUL> T>GETS >E = !MSELVES1 NOT ONLY AS CONSUM]S BUT AS PRODUC]S1 WORK+ 9 A SPECIFIC FACTORY4 ,MOREOV] !RE IS NO SU* ?+ AS A DECISION 0TAK5 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS10 IF ?AT DECISION IS NOT F\ND$ ON A NUMB] ( *OICES1 EA* ) ITS P>TICUL> IMPLICATIONS4 

,! FUNDAM5TAL DECISIONAL PROCESS MI<T1 !RE=E1 TAKE ! FOLL[+ =M4 ,/>T+ FROM BEL[1 !RE W\LD1 AT FIR/1 BE DISCUSSIONS 9 ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLIES4 ,9ITIAL PROPOSALS W\LD EMANATE FROM ! ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS ( V>I\S 5T]PRISES & W\LD DEAL ) !IR [N PRODUCTIVE POSSIBILITIES 9 ! P]IOD TO COME4 ,! PLAN FACTORY W\LD !N REGR\P !SE V>I\S PROPOSALS1 PO9T+ \T :I* ONES W]E MUTUALLY 9COMPATIBLE OR 5TAIL$ UN9T5D$ EFFECTS ON O!R SECTORS4 ,IT W\LD ELABORATE A S]IES ( A*IEVABLE T>GETS1 GR\P+ !M AS F> AS POSSIBLE 9 T]MS ( !IR CONCRETE IMPLICATIONS4 .<,PROPOSAL ,A IMPLIES ?AT FACTORY ,X WILL NEXT YE> 9CREASE ITS PRODUCTION BY ,Y .0 ) ! HELP ( ADDITIONAL EQUIPM5T ,Z4 ,PROPOSAL ,B1 ON ! O!R H&1 IMPLIES4441 ETC4.> 

,!RE W\LD !N BE A FULL DISCUSSION ( ! V>I\S OV]ALL PROPOSALS1 ?R\<\T ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLIES & BY ALL ! ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS1 POSSIBLY ) C\NT]-PROPOSALS & A REPETITION ( ! PROC$URE DESCRIB$4 ,A F9AL DISCUSSION W\LD !N LEAD TO A SIMPLE MAJORITY VOTE 9 ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLIES4 

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,*RONOLOGY 3 
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