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,! ,CONT5T ( ,WORK]S' ,MANAGEM5T AT ,FACTORY ,LEVEL 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,TEXT 3 

#f4 ,! ,CONT5T ( ,WORK]S' ,MANAGEM5T AT ,FACTORY ,LEVEL 

,IT WILL HELP US TO DISCUSS ?IS PROBLEM IF WE1 RA!R S*EMATICALLY1 DIFF]5TIATE BETWE5 ! /ATIC & ! DYNAMIC ASPECTS ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T1 BETWE5 :AT WILL BE IMM$IATELY POSSIBLE1 AT ! V]Y ONSET ( SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION1 & :AT WILL BECOME POSSIBLE AFT] A RELATIVELY %ORT 9T]VAL1 AS SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION DEVELOPS & AS HUMAN DOM9ATION OV] ALL /AGES ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS RAPIDLY 9CREASES4 

,= ! SAKE ( CL>ITY1 WE WILL FIR/ DESCRIBE WORK]S' MANAGEM5T AT FACTORY LEVEL 9 A /ATIC WAY4 ,WE WILL !N CONSID] H[ IT WILL DEVELOP1 & H[ ?IS DEVELOPM5T1 ITSELF1 WILL CON/ANTLY EXP& ! >EAS ( LOCAL FRE$OM4 

A4 ,IMM$IATE ,CONT5T 

,LOOK$ AT 9 A /ATIC WAY1 ! OV]ALL PLAN MI<T ALLOCATE TO A GIV5 5T]PRISE A T>GET TO BE A*IEV$ )9 A GIV5 TIME 7WE WILL EXAM9E FUR!R ON H[ SU* T>GETS MI<T BE DET]M9$ UND] CONDITIONS ( G5U9ELY DEMOCRATIC PLANN+74 ,! G5]AL MEANS TO BE ALLOCAT$ TO ! 5T]PRISE 7TO A*IEVE ITS T>GET7 W\LD ALSO BE BROADLY \TL9$ BY ! PLAN4 ,= EXAMPLE1 ! PLAN MI<T DECIDE ?AT ! ANNUAL PRODUCTION ( A GIV5 FACTORY %\LD BE SO MANY FRIDGES1 & ?AT = ?IS PURPOSE SU*-&-SU* A QUANTITY ( RAW MAT]IALS1 P[]1 MA*9]Y1 ETC41 %\LD BE MADE AVAILABLE4 

,SE5 FROM ?IS ANGLE1 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T IMPLIES ?AT ! WORK]S' COLLECTIVE WILL ITSELF BE RESPONSIBLE = DECID+ H[ A PROPOS$ T>GET C\LD BE/ BE A*IEV$1 GIV5 ! G5]AL MEANS AVAILABLE4 ,! TASK CORRESPONDS TO ! 0POSITIVE0 FUNCTIONS ( ! PRES5T N>R[LY-BAS$ MANAG]IAL APP>ATUS1 :I* WILL HAVE BE5 SUP]S$$4 ,! WORK]S WILL DET]M9E ! ORGANIZATION ( !IR WORK 9 EA* %OP OR DEP>TM5T4 ,!Y WILL 5SURE COORD9ATION BETWE5 %OPS4 ,?IS WILL TAKE PLACE ?R\< DIRECT CONTACTS :5EV] IT IS A QUE/ION ( R\T9E PROBLEMS OR ( %OPS 5GAG$ 9 CLOSELY RELAT$ ASPECTS ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS4 ,IF MORE IMPORTANT MATT]S >OSE1 !Y W\LD BE DISCUSS$ & SOLV$ BY MEET+S ( DELEGATES 7OR BY JO9T GA!R+S ( WORK]S7 ( TWO OR MORE %OPS OR SECTIONS4 ,! OV]ALL COORD9ATION ( ! WORK W\LD BE UND]TAK5 BY ! ,FACTORY ,C\NCIL & BY ! ,G5]AL ,ASSEMBLY ( ! ,FACTORY4 ,RELATIONS ) ! RE/ ( ! ECONOMY1 AS ALREADY /AT$1 W\LD BE 9 ! H&S ( ! ,FACTORY ,C\NCIL4 

,AS ! :OLE ?+ BECOMES REAL 9 ! H&S ( ! WORK]S ( A GIV5 PLANT1 A C]TA9 0GIVE & TAKE0 WILL UND\BT$LY OCCUR BETWE5 0T>GETS SET0 & 0MEANS TO BE US$40 ,IT MU/ BE REMEMB]$1 H[EV]1 ?AT !SE 0MEANS0 >E USUALLY ! PRODUCT ( SOME O!R FACTORY4 0,T>GETS SET0 & 0MEANS ( PRODUCTION AVAILABLE = A*IEV+ !M0 DO NOT1 H[EV]1 BETWE5 !M RIGIDLY OR EXHAU/IVELY DEF9E ALL ! POSSIBLE ME?ODS ?AT C\LD BE US$4 ,SPELL+ !SE ME?ODS \T 9 DETAIL1 & DECID+ EXACTLY H[ AN OBJECTIVE WILL BE A*IEV$1 GIV5 C]TA9 MAT]IAL CONDITIONS1 WILL BE ! >EA 9 :I* WORK]S' MANAGEM5T WILL FIR/ OP]ATE4 ,IT IS AN IMPORTANT FIELD1 BUT A LIMIT$ ONE1 & IT IS ESS5TIAL TO BE FULLY AW>E ( ITS LIMITATIONS4 ,!SE LIMITATIONS /EM FROM 7& DEF9E7 ! FRAMEWORK 9 :I* ! NEW TYPE ( PRODUCTION WILL HAVE TO />T4 ,IT WILL BE ! TASK ( SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION CON/ANTLY TO EXP& ?IS FRAMEWORK & CON/ANTLY TO PU% BACK !SE LIMITATIONS ON AUTONOMY4 

,AUTONOMY1 5VISAG$ 9 ?IS /ATIC WAY1 IS LIMIT$1 FIR/ ( ALL1 9 RELATION TO ! FIX+ ( T>GETS4 ,TRUE1 ! WORK]S ( A GIV5 5T]PRISE WILL P>TICIPATE 9 DET]M9+ ! T>GET ( !IR FACTORY 9S(> AS !Y P>TICIPATE 9 ! ELABORATION ( ! OV]ALL PLAN4 ,BUT1 !Y >E NOT 9 TOTAL OR SOLE CONTROL ( ! OBJECTIVES4 ,9 A MOD]N ECONOMY1 :]E ! PRODUCTION ( MO/ 5T]PRISES BO? CONDITIONS & IS CONDITION$ BY ?AT ( O!RS1 ! DET]M9ATION ( COH]5T T>GETS CANNOT AS A RULE BE VE/$ 9 9DIVIDUAL 5T]PRISES1 ACT+ 9 ISOLATION4 ,IT MU/ BE UND]TAK5 BY 7& =7 A NUMB] ( 5T]PRISES1 G5]AL VIEWPO9TS PREVAIL+ OV] P>TICUL> ONES4 ,WE WILL RETURN TO ?IS PO9T LAT]4 

,9ITIAL AUTONOMY WILL ALSO BE LIMIT$ 9 RELATION TO AVAILABLE MAT]IAL MEANS4 ,! WORK]S ( A GIV5 5T]PRISE CANNOT AUTONOM\SLY DET]M9E ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION !Y W\LD PREF] TO USE1 = !SE >E BUT ! PRODUCTS ( O!R 5T]PRISES OR FACTORIES4 ,TOTAL AUTONOMY = EV]Y FACTORY1 9 RELATION TO MEANS1 W\LD IMPLY ?AT EA* FACTORY C\LD DET]M9E ! \TPUT ( ALL ! O!RS4 ,!SE V>I\S AUTONOMIES W\LD IMM$IATELY NEUTRALIZE ONE ANO!R4 ,?IS LIMITATION IS1 H[EV]1 A LESS RIGID ONE ?AN ! FIR/ 7! LIMITATION 9 RELATION TO T>GETS74 ,ALT]ATIONS ( ITS [N EQUIPM5T1 PROPOS$ BY ! US]-FACTORY1 MI<T (T5 BE ACCOMMODAT$ BY ! PRODUC]-FACTORY1 )\T ! LATT] SADDL+ ITSELF ) A HEAVY EXTRA LOAD4 ,ON A SMALL SCALE1 ?IS HAPP5S EV5 TODAY1 9 9TEGRAT$ 5G9E]+ FACTORIES 7C> FACTORIES1 = 9/ANCE7 :]E A SUB/ANTIAL P>T ( ! TOOL+ UTILIZ$ 9 ONE %OP MAY BE MADE 9 ANO!R %OP ( ! SAME FACTORY4 ,CLOSE COOP]ATION BETWE5 PLANTS MAK+ MA*9E TOOLS & PLANTS US+ !M1 C\LD QUICKLY LEAD TO CONSID]ABLE *ANGES 9 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION ACTUALLY US$4 

B4 ,SUBSEQU5T ,POSSIBILITIES 

,LET US N[ LOOK AT WORK]S' MANAGEM5T AT FACTORY LEVEL AS IT MI<T DEVELOP1 I4E41 9 ITS DYNAMIC ASPECT4 ,H[ W\LD IT CONTRIBUTE TO TRANS=M+ SOCIALI/ PRODUCTION1 I4E41 TO ITS PRIM>Y OBJECTIVE8 ,EV]Y?+ WE HAVE SUGGE/$ SO F>1 WILL N[ HAVE TO BE LOOK$ AT AGA94 ,! LIMITS ( AUTONOMY WILL BE F\ND TO HAVE WID5$ V]Y CONSID]ABLY4 

,! *ANGE WILL BE MO/ OBVI\S 9 RELATION TO ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL IMM$IATELY GET TO GRIPS ) ! PROBLEM ( A CONSCI\S ATTACK ON ! TE*NOLOGY 9H]IT$ FROM CAPITALISM4 ,UND] CAPITALISM1 ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION >E PLANN$ & MADE 9DEP5D5TLY ( ! US] & ( HIS_/H] PREF]5CES 7MANUFACTUR]S1 ( C\RSE1 PRET5D TO TAKE ! US]'S VIEWPO9T 9TO ACC\NT1 BUT ?IS HAS LITTLE TO DO ) ! REAL US]3 ! WORK] ON ! %OP FLOOR74 ,BUT1 EQUIPM5T IS MADE TO BE PRODUCTIVELY US$4 ,! VIEWPO9T ( ! 0PRODUCTIVE CONSUM]S0 7I4E41 ( ?OSE :O WILL USE ! EQUIPM5T TO PRODUCE ! GOODS7 IS ( PRIM>Y IMPORTANCE4 ,AS ! VIEWS ( ?OSE :O MAKE ! EQUIPM5T >E ALSO IMPORTANT1 ! PROBLEM ( ! /RUCTURE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION WILL ONLY BE SOLV$ BY ! LIV+ COOP]ATION ( !SE TWO CATEGORIES ( WORK]S4 ,9 AN 9TEGRAT$ FACTORY1 ?IS W\LD MEAN P]MAN5T LIAISON BETWE5 ! CORRESPOND+ %OPS4 ,AT ! LEVEL ( ! ECONOMY1 AS A :OLE1 IT W\LD TAKE PLACE ?R\< NORMAL P]MAN5T CONTACTS BETWE5 FACTORIES & BETWE5 SECTORS ( PRODUCTION4.<#a#d.> 

,?IS COOP]ATION WILL TAKE TWO =MS4 ,*OOS+ & POPUL>IZ+ ! BE/ ME?ODS1 & RATIONALIZ+ & EXT5D+ !IR USE1 WILL BE A*IEV$ ?R\< ! HORIZONTAL COOP]ATION ( ,C\NCILS1 ORGANIZ$ ACCORD+ TO BRAN* OR SECTOR ( 9DU/RY 7= 9/ANCE1 TEXTILES1 ! *EMICAL 9DU/RY1 BUILD+1 5G9E]+1 ELECTRICAL SUPPLY1 ETC474 ,ON ! O!R H&1 ! 9TEGRATION ( ! VIEWPO9TS ( ?OSE :O MAKE1 & ( ?OSE :O UTILIZE1 EQUIPM5T 7OR1 MORE G5]ALLY1 ( ?OSE :O MAKE & ?OSE :O UTILIZE 9T]M$IATE PRODUCTS7 WILL REQUIRE ! V]TICAL COOP]ATION ( ,C\NCILS REPRES5T+ ! DIFF]5T /AGES ( A PRODUCTIVE PROCESS 7/EEL 9DU/RY1 MA*9E TOOL 9DU/RY & 5G9E]+ 9DU/RY1 = 9/ANCE74 ,9 BO? CASES1 ! COOP]ATION WILL NE$ TO F9D EMBODIM5T 9 /ABLE =MS1 SU* AS ,COMMITTEES ( ,FACTORY ,C\NCIL REPRES5TATIVES 7OR WID] CONF]5CES ( PRODUC]S7 ORGANIZ$ BO? HORIZONTALLY & V]TICALLY4 ,!RE W\LD BE ROOM = EXTREME FLEXIBILITY & MANY NEW =MS WILL ALMO/ C]TA9LY EVOLVE4 

,CONSID]+ ! PROBLEM FROM ?IS DYNAMIC ANGLE - :I*1 9 ! LA/ RESORT1 IS ! REALLY FUNDAM5TAL ONE - ONE CAN SEE1 AT ONCE1 ?AT ! >EAS ( AUTONOMY HAVE CONSID]ABLY EXP&$4 ,ALREADY AT ! LEVEL ( 9DIVIDUAL FACTORIES 7BUT MORE SIGNIFICANTLY AT ! LEVEL ( COOP]ATION BETWE5 FACTORIES71 ! PRODUC]S >E BEG9N+ TO 9FLU5CE ! /RUCTURE ( ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION4 ,!Y >E1 !REBY1 REA*+ A POSITION :]E !Y >E BEG9N+ TO DOM9ATE ! WORK PROCESS3 !Y >E NOT ONLY DET]M9+ ITS ME?ODS1 BUT >E N[ ALSO MODIFY+ ITS TE*NOLOGICAL /RUCTURE4 

,?IS FACT N[ BEG9S TO ALT] :AT WE HAVE JU/ SAID AB\T T>GETS4 ,?REE-QU>T]S ( MOD]N PRODUCTION CONSI/S ( 9T]M$IATE PRODUCTS1 ( 0MEANS ( PRODUCTION0 9 ! WIDE/ S5SE4 ,:5 PRODUC]S DECIDE AB\T ! MEANS ( PRODUCTION1 !Y >E P>TICIPAT+1 9 A V]Y DIRECT & IMM$IATE WAY1 9 DECISIONS AB\T ! T>GETS ( PRODUCTION4 ,! REMA9+ LIMITATION1 & IT IS AN IMPORTANT ONE1 FL[S FROM ! FACT ?AT !SE MEANS ( PRODUCTION 7:ATEV] !IR EXACT NATURE7 >E DE/9$1 9 ! LA/ ANALYSIS1 TO PRODUCE CONSUM] GOODS4 ,& ! OV]ALL VOLUME ( !SE CAN ONLY BE DET]M9$1 9 G5]AL T]MS1 BY ! PLAN4 

,BUT1 EV5 H]E1 LOOK+ AT ?+S DYNAMICALLY1 RADICALLY ALT]S ONE'S VISION4 ,MOD]N CONSUMPTION IS *>ACT]IZ$ BY ! CON/ANT APPE>ANCE ( NEW PRODUCTS4 ,FACTORIES PRODUC+ CONSUM] GOODS WILL CONCEIVE (1 RECEIVE SUGGE/IONS AB\T1 /UDY1 & F9ALLY PRODUCE SU* PRODUCTS4 ,?IS RAISES ! WID] PROBLEM ( CONTACT BETWE5 PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 ,CAPITALI/ SOCIETY RE/S ON A COMPLETE SEP>ATION ( !SE TWO ASPECTS ( HUMAN ACTIVITY1 & ON ! EXPLOITATION ( ! CONSUM]4 ,?IS ISN'T JU/ MONET>Y EXPLOITATION 7?R\< OV]*>G+74 ,CAPITALISM CLAIMS ?AT IT CAN SATISFY PEOPLE'S NE$S BETT] ?AN ANY O!R SY/EM 9 HI/ORY4 ,BUT1 9 FACT1 CAPITALISM 9FLU5CES BO? !SE NE$S !MSELVES1 & ! ME?OD ( SATISFY+ !M4 ,CONSUM] PREF]5CE CAN BE MANIPULAT$ BY MOD]N SALES TE*NIQUES4 

,! DIVISION BETWE5 PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S APPE>S MO/ GL>+LY 9 RELATION TO ! QUALITY ( GOODS4 ,?IS PROBLEM IS 9SOLUBLE 9 ANY EXPLOIT+ SOCIETY4 ,?OSE :O ONLY LOOK AT ! SURFACE ( ?+S ONLY SEE A COMMODITY AS A COMMODITY4 ,!Y DON'T SEE 9 IT A CRY/ALLIZ$ MOM5T ( ! CLASS /RUGGLE4 ,!Y SEE FAULTS OR DEFECTS AS JU/ FAULTS OR DEFECTS1 9/EAD ( SEE+ 9 !M ! RESULTANT ( A CON/ANT /RUGGLE BETWE5 ! WORK] & HIMSELF 70,C\LD ,I DO IT BETT]8 ,:Y %\LD ,I8 ,I'M JU/ PAID TO GET ON ) ! JOB074 ,FAULTS OR DEFECTS EMBODY /RUGGLES BETWE5 ! WORK] & EXPLOITATION4 ,!Y ALSO EMBODY SQUABBLES BETWE5 DIFF]5T SECTIONS ( ! BUREAUCRACY MANAG+ ! PLANT4 ,! ELIM9ATION ( EXPLOITATION WILL ( ITSELF BR+ AB\T A *ANGE 9 ALL ?IS4 ,AT WORK1 PEOPLE WILL BEG9 TO ASS]T !IR CLAIMS AS FUTURE CONSUM]S ( :AT !Y >E PRODUC+4 ,9 ITS E>LY PHASES SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL1 H[EV]1 PROBABLY HAVE TO 9/ITUTE =MS ( CONTACT 7O!R ?AN 0! M>KET07 BETWE5 PRODUC]S & CONSUM]S4 

,WE HAVE ASSUM$1 AS A />T+ PO9T = ALL ?IS1 ! DIVISION ( LABOR 9H]IT$ FROM CAPITALISM4 ,BUT1 WE HAVE ALSO SAID ?AT SOCIALI/ SOCIETY W\LD1 FROM ! V]Y BEG9N+1 HAVE TO TACKLE ?IS DIVISION4 ,?IS IS AN 5ORM\S SUBJECT ?AT WE CAN'T EV5 BEG9 TO DEAL ) 9 ?IS TEXT4 ,! BASIS ( ?IS TASK CAN1 H[EV]1 BE SE5 EV5 TODAY4 ,MOD]N PRODUCTION HAS DE/ROY$ MANY TRADITIONAL PR(ESSIONAL QUALIFICATIONS4 ,IT HAS CREAT$ MANY AUTOMATIC OR SEMI-AUTOMATIC MA*9ES4 ,IT HAS1 !REBY ITSELF1 SUBV]T$ ! TRADITIONAL FRAMEWORK ( ! 9DU/RIAL DIVISION ( LABOR4 ,IT IS T5D+ TO PRODUCE A UNIV]SAL WORK]1 CAPABLE AFT] A RELATIVELY %ORT APPR5TICE%IP1 ( US+ MO/ ( ! EXI/+ MA*9ES4 ,ONCE ONE GETS BEYOND ITS CLASS ASPECTS1 ! 0PO/+0 ( WORK]S TO P>TICUL> JOBS 9 A BIG MOD]N FACTORY CORRESPONDS LESS & LESS TO A G5U9E DIVISION ( LABOR & MORE & MORE TO A SIMPLE DIVISION ( TASKS4 ,WORK]S >E NOT ALLOCAT$ TO GIV5 >EAS ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS BECAUSE !IR 0PR(ESSIONAL SKILLS0 9V>IABLY CORRESPOND TO 0SKILLS REQUIR$0 BY MANAGEM5T4 ,!Y >E (T5 PLAC$ H]E RA!R ?AN !RE BECAUSE PUTT+ A P>TICUL> WORK] 9 A P>TICUL> PLACE AT A P>TICUL> TIME HAPP5S TO SUIT ! P]SONNEL (FIC] - OR ! =EMAN - OR1 MORE PROSAICALLY1 JU/ BECAUSE A P>TICUL> VACANCY HAPP5$ TO BE GO+4 

,UND] SOCIALISM1 FACTORIES W\LD HAVE NO REASON TO ACCEPT ! RIGID DIVISION ( LABOR N[ PREVAIL+4 ,!RE WILL BE EV]Y REASON TO 5C\RAGE A ROTATION ( WORK]S BETWE5 %OPS & DEP>TM5TS - &1 BETWE5 PRODUCTION & (FICE >EAS4 ,SU* A ROTATION WILL GREATLY HELP WORK]S TO MANAGE PRODUCTION 09 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS40 .<,MORE & MORE WORK]S WILL HAVE BECOME FAMILI> AT FIR/ H& ) :AT GOES ON :]E !Y WORK4.> ,! SAME APPLIES TO ROTATION ( WORK BETWE5 V>I\S 5T]PRISES1 & 9 P>TICUL>1 BETWE5 0PRODUC+0 & 0UTILIZ+0 UNITS4 

,! RESIDUES ( CAPITALISM'S DIVISION ( LABOR WILL HAVE GRADUALLY TO BE ELIM9AT$4 ,?IS OV]LAPS ) ! G5]AL PROBLEM ( $UCATION1 $UCATION NOT ONLY ( ! NEW G5]ATIONS1 BUT ( ?OSE ADULTS BR\<T UP UND] ! PREVI\S SY/EM4 ,WE CAN'T GO 9TO ?IS PROBLEM H]E4 

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