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,BASIC ,PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,CORNELIUS ,CA/ORIADIS 

,TEXT 3 

#c4 ,BASIC ,PR9CIPLES ( ,SOCIALI/ ,SOCIETY 

,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY IMPLIES ! ORGANIZATION BY PEOPLE !MSELVES ( EV]Y ASPECT ( !IR SOCIAL LIFE4 ,! E/ABLI%M5T ( SOCIALISM !RE=E 5TAILS ! IMM$IATE ABOLITION ( ! FUNDAM5TAL DIVISION ( SOCIETY 9TO A /RATUM ( ORD]-GIV]S & A MASS ( ORD]-TAK]S4 

,! CONT5T ( ! SOCIALI/ REORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY IS FIR/ ( ALL WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION4 ,! WORK+ CLASS HAS REPEAT$LY /AK$ ITS CLAIM TO SU* MANAGEM5T & /RUGGL$ TO A*IEVE IT AT ! HI< PO9TS ( ITS HI/ORIC ACTIONS3 9 ,RUSSIA 9 #a#i#a#g-#a#h1 9 ,ITALY 9 #a#i#b1 9 ,SPA9 9 #a#i#c#f1 9 ,HUNG>Y 9 #a#i#e#f4 

,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS1 BAS$ ON ! PLACE ( WORK1 >E ! =M WORK]S' SELF-MANAGEM5T WILL PROBABLY TAKE & ! 9/ITUTION MO/ LIKELY TO FO/] ITS GR[?4 ,WORK]S' MANAGEM5T MEANS ! P[] ( ! LOCAL ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS & ULTIMATELY1 AT ! LEVEL ( SOCIETY AS A :OLE1 ! P[] ( ! ,C5TRAL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,WORK]S ,C\NCIL ,DELEGATES4_<#g_> ,FACTORY ,C\NCILS 7OR ,C\NCILS BAS$ ON ANY O!R PLACE ( WORK SU* AS A PLANT1 BUILD+ SITE1 M9E1 RAILWAY Y>D1 (FICE1 ETC47 WILL BE COMPOS$ ( DELEGATES ELECT$ BY ! WORK]S & REVOCABLE BY !M1 AT ANY TIME1 & WILL UNITE ! FUNCTIONS ( DELIB]ATION1 DECISION & EXECUTION4 ,SU* ,C\NCILS >E HI/ORIC CREATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS4 ,!Y HAVE COME TO ! =EFRONT EV]Y TIME ! QUE/ION ( P[] HAS BE5 POS$ 9 MOD]N SOCIETY4 ,! ,RUSSIAN ,FACTORY ,COMMITTEES ( #a#i#a#g1 ! ,G]MAN ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS ( #a#i#a#i1 ! ,HUNG>IAN ,C\NCILS ( #aief ALL S\<T TO EXPRESS 7:ATEV] !IR NAME7 ! SAME ORIG9AL1 ORGANIC & *>ACT]I/IC WORK+ CLASS PATT]N ( SELF-ORGANIZATION4_<#h_> 

,CONCRETELY TO DEF9E ! SOCIALI/ ORGANIZATION ( SOCIETY IS AMONG O!R ?+S TO DRAW ALL ! POSSIBLE CONCLUSIONS FROM TWO BASIC IDEAS3 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T ( PRODUCTION & ! RULE ( ! ,C\NCILS4 ,BUT SU* A DEF9ITION CAN ONLY COME TO LIFE & BE GIV5 FLE% & BLOOD IF COMB9$ ) AN ACC\NT ( H[ ! 9/ITUTIONS ( A FREE1 SOCIALI/ SOCIETY MI<T FUNCTION 9 PRACTICE4 

,!RE IS NO QUE/ION ( US H]E TRY+ TO DRAW UP 0/ATUTES10 0RULES10 OR AN 0IDEAL CON/ITUTION0 = SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,/ATUTES1 AS SU*1 MEAN NO?+4 ,! BE/ ( /ATUTES CAN ONLY HAVE MEAN+ TO ! EXT5T ?AT PEOPLE >E P]MAN5TLY PREP>$ TO DEF5D :AT IS BE/ 9 !M1 TO MAKE UP :AT !Y LACK1 & TO *ANGE :ATEV] !Y MAY CONTA9 ?AT HAS BECOME 9ADEQUATE OR \TDAT$4 ,FROM ?IS PO9T ( VIEW WE MU/ OBVI\SLY AVOID ANY FETI%ISM ( ! 0,C\NCIL0 TYPE ( ORGANIZATION4 ,! 0CON/ANT ELIGIBILITY & REVOCABILITY ( REPRES5TATIVES0 >E ( !MSELVES QUITE 9SUFFICI5T TO 0GU>ANTEE0 ?AT A ,C\NCIL WILL REMA9 ! EXPRESSION ( WORK+ CLASS 9T]E/S4 ,! ,C\NCIL WILL REMA9 SU* AN EXPRESSION = AS LONG AS PEOPLE >E PREP>$ TO DO :ATEV] MAY BE NECESS>Y = IT TO REMA9 SO4 ,! A*IEVEM5T ( SOCIALISM IS NOT A QUE/ION ( BETT] LEGISLATION4 ,IT DEP5DS ON ! CON/ANT SELF-ACTIVITY ( PEOPLE & ON !IR CAPACITY TO F9D )9 !MSELVES ! NECESS>Y AW>5ESS ( 5DS & MEANS1 ! NECESS>Y SOLID>ITY & DET]M9ATION4 

,BUT TO BE SOCIALLY EFFECTIVE ?IS AUTONOM\S MASS ACTION CANNOT REMA9 AMORPH\S1 FRAGM5T$ & DISP]S$4 ,IT WILL F9D EXPRESSION 9 PATT]NS ( ACTION & =MS ( ORGANIZATION1 9 WAYS ( DO+ ?+S & ULTIMATELY 9 9/ITUTIONS :I* EMBODY & REFLECT ITS PURPOSE4 ,JU/ AS WE MU/ AVOID ! FETI%ISM ( 0/ATUTES0 WE %\LD ALSO SEE ! %ORTCOM+S ( V>I\S TYPES ( 0AN>*I/0 OR 0SPONTANEI/0 FETI%ISM1 :I* 9 ! BELIEF ?AT 9 ! LA/ RESORT WORK+ CLASS CONSCI\SNESS WILL DET]M9E EV]Y?+1 TAKES LITTLE OR NO 9T]E/ 9 ! =MS SU* CONSCI\SNESS %\LD TAKE1 IF IT IS REALLY TO *ANGE REALITY4 ,! ,C\NCIL IS NOT A GIFT BE/[$ BY SOME LIB]T>IAN ,GOD4 ,IT IS NOT A MIRACUL\S 9/ITUTION4 ,IT CANNOT BE A POPUL> M\?PIECE IF ! PEOPLE DO NOT WI% TO EXPRESS !MSELVES ?R\< ITS M$IUM4 ,BUT ! ,C\NCIL IS AN ADEQUATE =M ( ORGANIZATION3 ITS :OLE /RUCTURE IS SU* ?AT IT 5ABLES WORK+ CLASS ASPIRATIONS TO COME TO LI<T & F9D EXPRESSION4 ,P>LIAM5T>Y-TYPE 9/ITUTIONS1 ON ! O!R H&1 :E!R CALL$ 0,H\SE ( ,COMMONS10 OR 0,SUPREME ,SOVIET ( ! ,U,S,S,R10 >E BY DEF9ITION TYPES ( 9/ITUTIONS ?AT CANNOT BE SOCIALI/4 ,!Y >E F\ND$ ON A RADICAL SEP>ATION BETWE5 ! PEOPLE1 0CONSULT$0 FROM TIME TO TIME1 & ?OSE :O >E DEEM$ TO 0REPRES5T0 !M1 BUT :O >E 9 FACT BEYOND MEAN+FUL POPUL> CONTROL4 ,A ,WORK]S' ,C\NCIL IS DESIGN$ SO AS TO REPRES5T WORK+ PEOPLE1 BUT MAY CEASE TO FULFILL ?IS FUNCTION4 ,P>LIAM5T IS DESIGN$ SO AS NOT TO REPRES5T ! PEOPLE & NEV] CEASES TO FULFILL ?IS FUNCTION4.<#b.> 

,! QUE/ION ( ADEQUATE & MEAN+FUL 9/ITUTIONS IS C5TRAL TO SOCIALI/ SOCIETY4 ,IT IS P>TICUL>LY IMPORTANT AS SOCIALISM CAN ONLY COME AB\T ?R\< A REVOLUTION1 ?AT IS TO SAY1 AS ! RESULT ( A SOCIAL CRISIS 9 ! C\RSE ( :I* ! CONSCI\SNESS & ACTIVITY ( ! MASSES REA* EXTREMELY HI< LEVELS4 ,UND] !SE CONDITIONS ! MASSES BECOME CAPABLE ( BREAK+ ! P[] ( ! RUL+ CLASS & ( ITS >M$ =CES1 ( BYPASS+ ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC 9/ITUTIONS ( E/ABLI%$ SOCIETY1 & ( TRANSC5D+ )9 !MSELVES ! HEAVY LEGACY ( C5TURIES ( OPPRESSION4 ,?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS %\LD NOT BE ?\<T ( AS SOME K9D ( P>OXYSM1 BUT ON ! CONTR>Y AS ! PREFIGURATION ( ! LEVEL ( BO? ACTIVITY & AW>5ESS DEM&$ ( M5 9 A FREE SOCIETY4 

,! 0EBB+0 ( REVOLUTION>Y ACTIVITY HAS NO?+ 9EVITABLE AB\T IT4 ,IT WILL ALWAYS REMA9 A ?REAT H[EV]1 GIV5 ! %E] 5ORMITY ( ! TASKS TO BE TACKL$4 ,EV]Y?+ :I* ADDS TO ! 9NUM]ABLE PROBLEMS FAC+ POPUL> MASS ACTION WILL 5HANCE ! T5D5CY TO SU* A REFLUX4 ,IT IS1 !RE=E1 CRUCIAL = ! REVOLUTION TO PROVIDE ITSELF1 FROM ITS V]Y FIR/ DAYS1 ) A NETWORK ( ADEQUATE /RUCTURES TO EXPRESS ITS WILL & = REVOLUTION>IES TO HAVE SOME IDEA AS TO H[ !SE /RUCTURES MI<T FUNCTION & 9T]RELATE4 ,!RE CAN BE NO ORGANIZATIONAL OR IDEOLOGICAL VACUUM 9 ?IS RESPECT & IF LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION>IES REMA9 BLISSFULLY UNAW>E ( !SE PROBLEMS & HAVE NOT DISCUSS$ OR EV5 5VISAG$ !M !Y CAN RE/ ASSUR$ ?AT O!RS HAVE4 ,IT IS ESS5TIAL ?AT REVOLUTION>Y SOCIETY %\LD CREATE = ITSELF1 AT EA* /AGE1 ?OSE /RUCTURES ?AT CAN MO/ READILY BECOME EFFECTIVE 0NORMAL0 ME*ANISMS = ! EXPRESSION ( POPUL> WILL1 BO? 9 0IMPORTANT AFFAIRS0 & 9 EV]YDAY LIFE 7:I* IS ( C\RSE ! FIR/ & =EMO/ ( ALL 0IMPORTANT AFFAIRS074 

,! DEF9ITION ( SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ?AT WE >E ATTEMPT+ !RE=E REQUIRES ( US SOME DESCRIPTION ( H[ WE VISUALIZE ITS 9/ITUTIONS1 & ! WAY !Y WILL FUNCTION4 ,?IS 5DEAVOR IS NOT 0UTOPIAN10 = IT IS BUT ! ELABORATION & EXTRAPOLATION ( HI/ORICAL CREATIONS ( ! WORK+ CLASS1 & 9 P>TICUL> ( ! CONCEPT ( WORK]S' MANAGEM5T4 ,! IDEAS WE PROPOSE TO DEVELOP >E ONLY ! !ORETICAL =MULATION ( ! EXP]I5CE ( A C5TURY ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,!Y EMBODY REAL EXP]I5CES 7BO? POSITIVE & NEGATIVE71 CONCLUSIONS 7BO? DIRECT & 9DIRECT7 ?AT HAVE ALREADY BE5 DRAWN1 ANSW]S GIV5 TO PROBLEMS ACTUALLY POS$ OR ANSW]S :I* W\LD HAVE HAD TO BE GIV5 IF SU* & SU* A REVOLUTION HAD DEVELOP$ A LITTLE FUR!R4 ,EV]Y S5T5CE 9 ?IS TEXT IS L9K$ TO QUE/IONS :I* IMPLICITLY OR EXPLICITLY HAVE ALREADY BE5 MET 9 ! C\RSE ( WORK+ CLASS /RUGGLES4 ,?IS %\LD PUT A /OP ONCE & = ALL TO ALLEGATIONS ( 0UTOPIANISM40.<#c.> 

A4 ,9/ITUTIONS ?AT ,PEOPLE CAN ,UND]/& & ,CONTROL 

,SELF-MANAGEM5T WILL ONLY BE POSSIBLE IF PEOPLE'S ATTITUDES TO SOCIAL ORGANIZATION ALT] RADICALLY4 ,?IS 9 TURN1 WILL ONLY TAKE PLACE IF SOCIAL 9/ITUTIONS BECOME A MEAN+FUL P>T ( !IR REAL DAILY LIFE4 ,JU/ AS WORK WILL ONLY HAVE A MEAN+ :5 PEOPLE UND]/& & DOM9ATE IT1 SO WILL ! 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ONLY BECOME MEAN+FUL :5 PEOPLE BO? UND]/& & CONTROL !M4.<#d.> 

,MOD]N SOCIETY IS A D>K & 9COMPREH5SIBLE JUNGLE1 A CONFUSION ( APP>ATUSES1 /RUCTURES & 9/ITUTIONS :OSE WORK+S ALMO/ NO ONE UND]/&S OR TAKES ANY 9T]E/ 94 ,SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL ONLY BE POSSIBLE IF IT BR+S AB\T A RADICAL *ANGE 9 ?IS /ATE ( AFFAIRS & MASSIVELY SIMPLIFIES SOCIAL ORGANIZATION4 ,SOCIALISM IMPLIES ?AT ! ORGANIZATION ( A SOCIETY WILL HAVE BECOME TRANSP>5T = ?OSE :O MAKE UP ?AT SOCIETY4 

,TO SAY ?AT ! WORK+S & 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIALI/ SOCIETY MU/ BE EASY TO UND]/& IMPLIES ?AT PEOPLE MU/ HAVE A MAXIMUM ( 9=MATION4 ,?IS 0MAXIMUM ( 9=MATION0 IS SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T FROM AN 5ORM\S MASS ( DATA4 ,! PROBLEM ISN'T TO EQUIP EV]YBODY ) PORTABLE MICR(ILMS ( EV]Y?+ ?AT'S 9 ! ,BRITI% ,MUSEUM4 ,ON ! CONTR>Y1 ! MAXIMUM ( 9=MATION DEP5DS FIR/ & =EMO/ 9 A R$UCTION ( DATA TO !IR ESS5TIALS1 SO ?AT !Y CAN READILY BE H&L$ BY ALL4 ,?IS WILL BE POSSIBLE BECAUSE SOCIALISM WILL RESULT 9 AN IMM$IATE & 5ORM\S SIMPLIFICATION ( PROBLEMS & ! DISAPPE>ANCE1 PURE & SIMPLE1 ( MO/ CURR5T RULES & REGULATIONS :I* WILL HAVE BECOME QUITE MEAN+LESS4 ,TO ?IS WILL BE ADD$ A SY/EMATIC EF=T TO GA!R & DISSEM9ATE 9=MATION AB\T SOCIAL REALITY1 & TO PRES5T FACTS BO? ADEQUATELY & SIMPLY4 ,FUR!R ON1 :5 DISCUSS+ ! FUNCTION+ ( SOCIALI/ ECONOMY1 WE WILL GIVE EXAMPLES ( ! 5ORM\S POSSIBILITIES ?AT ALREADY EXI/ 9 ?IS FIELD4 

,UND] SOCIALISM PEOPLE WILL DOM9ATE ! WORK+ & 9/ITUTIONS ( SOCIETY4 ,SOCIALISM WILL !RE=E HAVE1 = ! FIR/ TIME 9 HUMAN HI/ORY1 TO 9/ITUTE DEMOCRACY4 ,ETYMOLOGICALLY1 ! WORD DEMOCRACY MEANS DOM9ATION BY ! MASSES4 ,WE >E NOT H]E CONC]N$ ) ! =MAL ASPECTS ( ?IS DOM9ATION4 ,REAL DOM9ATION MU/ NOT BE CONFUS$ ) VOT+4 ,A VOTE1 EV5 A 0FREE0 VOTE1 MAY ONLY BE - & (T5 ONLY IS - A P>ODY ( DEMOCRACY4 ,REAL DEMOCRACY IS NOT ! RI<T TO VOTE ON SECOND>Y ISSUES4 ,IT IS NOT ! RI<T TO APPO9T RUL]S :O WILL !N DECIDE1 )\T CONTROL FROM BEL[1 ON ALL ! ESS5TIAL QUE/IONS4 ,NOR DOES DEMOCRACY CONSI/ 9 CALL+ UPON PEOPLE ELECTORALLY TO COMM5T UPON 9COMPREH5SIBLE QUE/IONS OR UPON QUE/IONS :I* HAVE NO MEAN+ = !M4 ,REAL DOM9ATION CONSI/S 9 BE+ ABLE TO DECIDE = ONESELF1 ON ALL ESS5TIAL QUE/IONS1 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS4 

,9 !SE FEW WORDS 09 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS0 LIES ! :OLE PROBLEM ( DEMOCRACY4.<#e.> ,!RE IS LITTLE PO9T 9 ASK+ PEOPLE TO PRON\NCE !MSELVES IF !Y >E NOT AW>E ( ! RELEVANT FACTS4 ,?IS HAS LONG BE5 /RESS$ BY ! REACTION>Y OR FASCI/ CRITICS ( B\RGEOIS 0DEMOCRACY10 & EV5 BY ! MORE CYNICAL ,/AL9I/S.<#f.> OR ,FABIANS4_<#i_> ,IT IS OBVI\S ?AT B\RGEOIS 0DEMOCRACY0 IS A F>CE1 IF ONLY BECAUSE LIT]ALLY NOBODY 9 CONTEMPOR>Y SOCIETY CAN EXPRESS AN OP9ION 9 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS1 LEA/ ( ALL ! MASS ( ! PEOPLE FROM :OM POLITICAL & ECONOMIC REALITIES & ! REAL MEAN+ ( ! QUE/IONS ASK$ >E SY/EMATICALLY HIDD54 ,BUT ! ANSW] IS NOT TO VE/ P[] 9 ! H&S ( AN 9COMPET5T & UNCONTROLLABLE BUREAUCRACY4 ,! ANSW] IS SO TO TRANS=M SOCIAL REALITY ?AT ESS5TIAL DATA & FUNDAM5TAL PROBLEMS >E UND]/OOD BY ALL1 5ABL+ ALL TO EXPRESS OP9IONS 09 FULL KN[L$GE ( ! RELEVANT FACTS40 

B4 ,DIRECT ,DEMOCRACY & ,C5TRALIZATION 

,TO DECIDE MEANS TO DECIDE = ONESELF4 ,TO DECIDE :O IS TO DECIDE IS ALREADY NOT QUITE DECID+ = ONESELF4 ,! ONLY TOTAL =M ( DEMOCRACY IS !RE=E DIRECT DEMOCRACY4 

,TO A*IEVE ! WIDE/ & MO/ MEAN+FUL DIRECT DEMOCRACY WILL REQUIRE ?AT ALL ! ECONOMIC & POLITICAL /RUCTURES ( SOCIETY BE BAS$ ON LOCAL GR\PS ?AT >E REAL1 ORGANIC SOCIAL UNITS4 ,DIRECT DEMOCRACY C]TA9LY REQUIRES ! PHYSICAL PRES5CE ( CITIZ5S 9 A GIV5 PLACE1 :5 DECISIONS HAVE TO BE TAK54 ,BUT ?IS IS NOT 5\<4 ,IT ALSO REQUIRES ?AT !SE CITIZ5S =M AN ORGANIC COMMUNITY1 ?AT !Y LIVE IF POSSIBLE 9 ! SAME MILIEU1 ?AT !Y BE FAMILI> ?R\< !IR DAILY EXP]I5CE ) ! SUBJECTS TO BE DISCUSS$ & ) ! PROBLEMS TO BE TACKL$4 ,IT IS ONLY 9 SU* UNITS ?AT ! POLITICAL P>TICIPATION ( 9DIVIDUALS CAN BECOME TOTAL1 ?AT PEOPLE CAN KN[ & FEEL ?AT !IR 9VOLVEM5T IS MEAN+FUL & ?AT ! REAL LIFE ( ! COMMUNITY IS BE+ DET]M9$ BY ITS [N MEMB]S & NOT BY SOME EXT]NAL AG5CY1 ACT+ 0ON BEHALF (0 ! COMMUNITY4 ,!RE MU/ !RE=E BE ! MAXIMUM AUTONOMY & SELF-MANAGEM5T = ! LOCAL UNITS4 

,MOD]N SOCIAL LIFE HAS ALREADY CREAT$ !SE COLLECTIVITIES & CONT9UES TO CREATE !M4 ,!Y >E UNITS BAS$ ON M$IUM-SIZ$ OR L>G] 5T]PRISES & >E TO BE F\ND 9 9DU/RY1 TRANSPORT1 BUILD+1 COMM]CE1 ! BANKS1 PUBLIC ADM9I/RATION1 ETC41 :]E PEOPLE 9 HUNDR$S1 ?\S&S OR T5S-(-?\S&S SP5D ! MA9 P>T ( !IR LIFE H>NESS$ TO COMMON WORK1 COM+ UP AGA9/ SOCIETY 9 ITS MO/ CONCRETE =M4 ,A PLACE ( WORK IS NOT ONLY A UNIT ( PRODUCTION3 IT HAS BECOME ! PRIM>Y UNIT ( SOCIAL LIFE = ! VA/ MAJORITY ( PEOPLE4 ,9/EAD ( BAS+ ITSELF ON GEOGRAPHICAL UNITS1 :I* ECONOMIC DEVELOPM5T HAS (T5 R5D]$ HI<LY >TIFICIAL1 ! POLITICAL /RUCTURE ( SOCIALISM WILL BE L>GELY BAS$ ON COLLECTIVITIES 9VOLV$ 9 SIMIL> WORK4 ,SU* COLLECTIVITIES WILL PROVE ! F]TILE SOIL ON :I* DIRECT DEMOCRACY CAN N\RI% AS !Y DID 7= SIMIL> REASONS7 9 ! ANCI5T CITY OR 9 ! DEMOCRATIC COMMUNITIES ( FREE F>M]S 9 ! ,UNIT$ ,/ATES 9 ! #a#i? C5TURY4 

,DIRECT DEMOCRACY GIVES AN IDEA ( ! DEC5TRALIZATION :I* SOCIALI/ SOCIETY WILL BE ABLE TO A*IEVE4 ,BUT AN 9DU/RIALLY ADVANC$ FREE SOCIETY WILL ALSO HAVE TO F9D A MEANS ( DEMOCRATICALLY 9TEGRAT+ !SE BASIC UNITS 9TO ! SOCIAL FABRIC AS A :OLE4 ,IT WILL HAVE TO SOLVE ! DIFFICULT PROBLEM ( ! NECESS>Y C5TRALIZATION1 )\T :I* ! LIFE ( A MOD]N COMMUNITY W\LD COLLAPSE4 

,IT IS NOT C5TRALIZATION AS SU* :I* HAS MADE ( MOD]N SOCIETIES SU* \T/&+ EXAMPLES ( POLITICAL ALI5ATION OR :I* HAS L$ TO M9ORITIES POLITICALLY EXPROPRIAT+ ! MAJORITY4 ,?IS HAS BE5 BR\<T AB\T BY ! DEVELOPM5T ( BODIES SEP>ATE FROM & 0ABOVE0 ! G5]AL POPULATION1 BODIES EXCLUSIVELY & SPECIFICALLY CONC]N$ ) ! FUNCTION ( C5TRALIZATION4 ,AS LONG AS C5TRALIZATION IS CONCEIV$ ( AS ! SPECIFIC FUNCTION ( A SEP>ATE1 9DEP5D5T APP>ATUS1 BUREAUCRACY IS 9DE$ 9SEP>ABLE FROM C5TRALIZATION4 ,BUT 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY !RE WILL BE NO CONFLICT BETWE5 C5TRALIZATION & ! AUTONOMY ( LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS1 = BO? FUNCTIONS WILL BE EX]CIS$ BY ! SAME 9/ITUTIONS4 ,!RE WILL BE NO SEP>ATE APP>ATUS :OSE FUNCTION IT WILL BE TO REUNITE :AT IT HAS ITSELF SMA%$ UP1 :I* ABSURD TASK 7NE$ WE RECALL IT7 IS PRECISELY ! FUNCTION ( A MOD]N BUREAUCRACY4_<#a_> 

,BUREAUCRATIC C5TRALIZATION IS A FEATURE ( ALL MOD]N EXPLOIT+ SOCIETIES4 ,! 9TIMATE L9KS BETWE5 C5TRALIZATION & TOTALIT>IAN BUREAUCRATIC RULE1 9 SU* CLASS SOCIETIES1 PROVOKES A HEAL?Y & UND]/&ABLE AV]SION TO C5TRALIZATION AMONG MANY CONTEMPOR>Y REVOLUTION>IES4 ,BUT ?IS RESPONSE IS (T5 CONFUS$ & AT TIMES IT RE9=CES ! V]Y ?+S IT SEEKS TO CORRECT4 0,C5TRALIZATION1 !RE'S ! ROOT ( ALL EVIL0 PROCLAIM MANY HONE/ MILITANTS AS !Y BREAK ) ,/AL9ISM OR ,L59ISM 9 EI!R ,EA/ OR ,WE/4 ,BUT ?IS =MULATION1 AT BE/ AMBIGU\S1 BECOMES POSITIVELY H>MFUL :5 IT LEADS AS IT (T5 DOES - EI!R TO =MAL DEM&S = ! 0FRAGM5TATION ( P[]0 OR TO DEM&S = A LIMITLESS EXT5SION ( ! P[]S ( BASE GR\P+S1 NEGLECT+ :AT IS TO HAPP5 AT O!R LEVELS4 

,:5 ,POLI% MILITANTS1 = 9/ANCE1 IMAG9E !Y HAVE F\ND A SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( BUREAUCRACY :5 !Y ADVOCATE A SOCIAL LIFE ORGANIZ$ & L$ BY 0SEV]AL C5T]S0 7! ,/ATE ,ADM9I/RATION1 A ,P>LIAM5T>Y ,ASSEMBLY1 ! ,TRADE ,UNIONS1 ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS & ,POLITICAL ,P>TIES7 !Y >E >GU+ BESIDE ! PO9T4 ,!Y FAIL TO SEE ?AT ?IS 0POLYC5TRISM0 IS EQUIVAL5T TO ! ABS5CE ( ANY REAL & ID5TIFIABLE C5T]1 CONTROLL$ FROM BEL[4 ,& AS MOD]N SOCIETY HAS TO TAKE C]TA9 C5TRAL DECISIONS ! 0CON/ITUTION0 !Y PROPOSE WILL ONLY EXI/ ON PAP]4 ,IT WILL ONLY S]VE TO HIDE ! REEM]G5CE ( A REAL1 BUT ?IS TIME MASK$ 7& !RE=E1 UNCONTROLLABLE7 0C5T]10 FROM AMID ! RANKS ( ! POLITICAL BUREAUCRACY4 

,! REASON IS OBVI\S3 IF ONE FRAGM5TS ANY 9/ITUTION ACCOMPLI%+ A SIGNIFICANT OR VITAL FUNCTION ONE ONLY CREATES AN 5HANC$ NE$ = SOME O!R 9/ITUTION TO REASSEMBLE ! FRAGM5TS4 ,SIMIL>LY1 IF ONE M]ELY ADVOCATES AN EXT5SION ( ! P[]S ( LOCAL ,C\NCILS1 ONE IS !REBY H&+ !M OV] TO DOM9ATION BY A C5TRAL BUREAUCRACY :I* ALONE W\LD 0KN[0 OR 0UND]/&0 H[ TO MAKE ! ECONOMY FUNCTION AS A :OLE 7& MOD]N ECONOMIES1 :E!R ONE LIKES IT OR NOT1 DO FUNCTION AS A :OLE74 ,= LIB]T>IAN REVOLUTION>IES TO DUCK !SE DIFFICULTIES & TO REFUSE TO FACE UP TO ! QUE/ION ( C5TRAL P[] IS TANTAM\NT TO LEAV+ ! SOLUTION ( !SE PROBLEMS TO SOME BUREAUCRACY OR O!R4 

,LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY WILL !RE=E HAVE TO PROVIDE A LIB]T>IAN SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( C5TRALIZATION4 ,?IS ANSW] C\LD BE ! ASSUMPTION ( C>EFULLY DEF9$ & CIRCUMSCRIB$ AU?ORITY BY A ,F$]ATION ( ,WORK]S' ,C\NCILS & ! CREATION ( A ,C5TRAL ,ASSEMBLY ( ,C\NCILS & ( A ,C\NCIL ,ADM9I/RATION4 ,WE WILL SEE FUR!R ON ?AT SU* AN ,ASSEMBLY & SU* AN ,ADM9I/RATION DO NOT CON/ITUTE A DELEGATION ( POPUL> P[] BUT >E1 ON ! CONTR>Y1 AN 9/RUM5T ( ?AT P[]4 ,AT ?IS /AGE WE ONLY WANT TO DISCUSS ! PR9CIPLES ?AT MI<T GOV]N ! RELATION%IP ( SU* BODIES TO ! LOCAL ,C\NCILS & O!R BASE GR\PS4 ,!SE PR9CIPLES >E IMPORTANT1 = !Y W\LD AFFECT ! FUNCTION+ ( NE>LY ALL 9/ITUTIONS 9 A LIB]T>IAN SOCIETY4 

C4 ,! ,FL[ ( ,9=MATION & ,DECISIONS 

,9 A SOCIETY :]E ! PEOPLE HAVE BE5 ROBB$ ( POLITICAL P[]1 & :]E ?IS P[] IS 9 ! H&S ( A C5TRALIZ+ AU?ORITY ! ESS5TIAL RELATION%IP BETWE5 ! C5T] & ! P]IPH]Y CAN BE SUMM$ UP AS FOLL[S3 *ANNELS FROM ! P]IPH]Y TO ! C5T] ONLY TRANSMIT 9=MATION1 :]EAS *ANNELS FROM ! C5T] TO ! P]IPH]Y TRANSMIT DECISIONS 7PLUS1 P]HAPS1 ?AT M9IMUM ( 9=MATION DEEM$ NECESS>Y = ! UND]/&+ & EXECUTION ( ! DECISIONS TAK5 AT ! C5T]74 ,! :OLE SET-UP REFLECTS NOT ONLY A MONOPOLY ( DECISIONAL AU?ORITY1 BUT ALSO A MONOPOLY ( ! CONDITIONS NECESS>Y = ! EX]CISE ( P[]4 ,! C5T] ALONE HAS ! 0SUM TOTAL0 ( 9=MATION NE$$ TO EVALUATE & DECIDE4 ,9 MOD]N SOCIETY1 IT CAN ONLY BE BY ACCID5T ?AT ANY 9DIVIDUAL OR BODY GA9S ACCESS TO 9=MATION O!R ?AN ?AT RELAT+ TO HIS IMM$IATE MILIEU4 ,! SY/EM SEEKS TO AVOID1 OR AT ANY RATE1 IT DOESN'T 5C\RAGE SU* 0ACCID5TS40 

,:5 WE SAY ?AT 9 A SOCIALI/ SOCIETY ! C5TRAL BODIES WILL NOT CON/ITUTE A DELEGATION ( P[] BUT WILL BE ! EXPRESSION ( ! P[] ( ! PEOPLE WE >E IMPLY+ A RADICAL *ANGE 9 ALL ?IS4 ,ONE ( ! MA9 FUNCTIONS ( C5TRAL BODIES WILL BE TO COLLECT1 TRANSMIT & DISSEM9ATE 9=MATION COLLECT$ & CONVEY$ TO !M BY LOCAL GR\PS4 ,9 ALL ESS5TIAL FIELDS1 DECISIONS WILL BE TAK5 AT GRASSROOTS LEVEL & WILL BE NOTIFI$ TO ! 0C5T]10 :OSE RESPONSIBILITY IT WILL BE TO HELP OR FOLL[ !IR PROGRESS4 ,A TWO-WAY FL[ ( 9=MATION & RECOMM5DATIONS WILL BE 9/ITUT$ & ?IS WILL NOT ONLY APPLY TO RELATIONS BETWE5 ! ,ADM9I/RATION & ! ,C\NCILS1 BUT WILL BE A MODEL = RELATIONS BETWE5 ALL 9/ITUTIONS & ?OSE :O COMPRISE !M4 

,WE MU/ /RESS ONCE AGA9 ?AT WE >E NOT TRY+ TO DRAW UP P]FECT BLUEPR9TS4 ,IT IS OBVI\S = 9/ANCE ?AT TO COLLECT & DISSEM9ATE 9=MATION IS NOT A SOCIALLY NEUTRAL FUNCTION4 ,ALL 9=MATION CANNOT BE DISSEM9AT$ - IT W\LD BE ! SURE/ WAY ( SMO!R+ :AT IS RELEVANT & R5D]+ IT 9COMPREH5SIBLE & !RE=E UNCONTROLLABLE4 ,! ROLE ( ANY C5TRAL BODIES IS !RE=E POLITICAL1 EV5 9 ?IS RESPECT4 

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