,WORK]S' CONTROL & ! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT 

,PEOPLE 3 

,AU?OR 3 ,COL9 ,W>D 

,TEXT 3 

,9 EV]Y 9DU/RIAL C\NTRY1 & PROBABLY 9 EV]Y AGRICULTURAL C\NTRY1 ! IDEA ( WORK]S' CONTROL HAS MANIFE/$ ITSELF ATONE TIME OR ANO!R--AS A DEM&1 AN ASPIRATION1 A PROGRAM OR A DREAM4 ,TO CONF9E \RSELVES TO ?IS C\NTRY & ?IS C5TURY1 IT WAS ! BASIS ( TWO P>ALLEL MOVEM5TS 9 ! P]IOD >\ND ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>--,SYNDICALISM & ,GUILD ,SOCIALISM4 ,!SE TWO MOVEM5TS DW9DL$ AWAY 9 ! E>LY N9ETE5-TW5TIES1 & EV] S9CE !N !RE HAVE BE5 SPORADIC & P]IODIC ATTEMPTS TO RE-CREATE A MOVEM5T = WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY4 ,9 ! LATE '?IRTIES1 FOLL[+ ! CON/RUCTIVE A*IEVEM5TS ( ! ,SPANI% AN>*O-SYNDICALI/S 9 ! REVOLUTION ( #a#i#c#f1 !RE WAS AN ATTEMPT TO BUILD A NEW SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5T H]E2 9 ! LATE =TIES A NUMB] ( LEFT-W+ GR\PS =M$ A ,LONDON ,LEAGUE = ,WORK]S' ,CONTROL1 & AT ! BEG9N+ ( #aifa A ,NATIONAL ,RANK & ,FILE ,MOVEM5T ) SIMIL> OBJECTIVES WAS CON/ITUT$4 ,BUT FROM ! PO9T ( VIEW ( SP>K+ (F A L>GE-SCALE WORK+-CLASS DEM& = WORK]S' CONTROL1 !SE ATTEMPTS HAVE BE5 COMPLETELY 9EFFECTUAL4 

,! ADVOCATES ( WORK]S' CONTROL HAD MU* MORE REASON = OPTIMISM 9 #aib ?AN 9 ! #a#i#f'S4 ,9 ?AT YE>S ! ,SANKEY ,REPORT 7A MAJORITY REPORT ( A ,ROYAL ,COMMISSION7 ADVOCAT+ 0JO9T CONTROL0 & PUBLIC [N]%IP ( ! M9+ 9DU/RY1 WAS TURN$ D[N BY ! ,GOV]NM5T = BE+ TOO RADICAL1 & BY ! %OP /EW>DS = NOT BE+ RADICAL 5\<4 ,:5 ! M9ES ACTUALLY W]E NATIONALIZ$ AFT] ALMO/ ?IRTY YE>S1 NO?+ EV5 AS MILD AS JO9T CONTROL WAS EI!R PROPOS$ OR DEM&$4 ,9 #aib TOO1 ! ,BUILD+ ,GUILDS BEGAN !IR BRIEF BUT SUCCESSFUL EXI/5CE4 ,9 \R [N DAY IT IS 9CONCEIVABLE ?AT L>GE LOCAL AU?ORITIES W\LD LET BIG BUILD+ CONTRACTS TO GUILDS ( BUILD+ WORK]S1 OR ?AT ! COOP]ATIVE MOVEM5T W\LD F9ANCE !M4 ,! IDEA ?AT WORK]S %\LD HAVE SOME SAY 9 ! RUNN+ ( !IR 9DU/RIES WAS G5]ALLY ACCEPT$ !N 9 A WAY ?AT IT HAS NEV] BE5 S9CE4 

,& YET ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T TODAY IS IMMEASURABLY /RONG] ?AN IT WAS 9 ! DAYS :5 WORK]S' CONTROL WAS A WIDESPREAD DEM&4 ,:AT HAS HAPP5$ IS ?AT ! LABOR MOVEM5T AS A :OLE HAS ACCEPT$ ! NOTION ?AT Y\ GA9 MORE BY SETTL+ = LESS4 ,9 MO/ WE/]N C\NTRIES1 AS ,AN?ONY ,CROSL& HAS PO9T$ \T1 ! UNIONS 0GREATLY AID$ BY PROPITI\S *ANGES 9 ! POLITICAL & ECONOMIC BACKGR\ND1 HAVE A*IEV$ A MORE EFFECTIVE CONTROL ?R\< ! 

,?IS IS ! TEXT ( A PAP] GIV5 TO ! ,/UDY ,GR\P ON ,9DU/RIAL ,DEMOCRACY AT ,NOTT+HAM ON ,APRIL #b#e?4 

9DEP5D5T EX]CISE ( !IR COLLECTIVE B>GA9+ /R5G? ?AN !Y W\LD EV] HAVE A*IEV$ BY FOLL[+1 ! PA? 7BESET AS IT IS BY PRACTICAL DIFFICULTIES ON :I* ALL PA/ EXP]IM5TS HAVE F\ND]$7 ( DIRECT WORK]S' MANAGEM5T4 ,9DE$ WE MAY RISK ! G5]ALIZATION ?AT ! GREAT] ! P[] ( ! ,UNIONS ! LESS ! 9T]E/ 9 WORK]S' MANAGEM5T40 

,HIS OBS]VATION IS TRUE1 EV5 IF IT IS UNPALATABLE = ?OSE :O W\LD LIKE TO SEE ! UNIONS1 OR SOME MORE MILITANT SYNDICALI/ K9D ( 9DU/RIAL UNION1 AS ! VEHICLE ( WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,MANY ADVOCATES ( WORK]S' CONTROL HAVE SE5 ! UNIONS AS ! ORGANS ?R\< :I* IT IS TO BE EX]CIS$1 ASSUM+ PRESUMABLY ?AT ! ATTA9M5T ( WORK]S' CONTROL W\LD BR+ COMPLETE COMMUNITY ( 9T]E/ 9 9DU/RY & ?AT ! DEF5SIVE ROLE ( ! UNIONS W\LD BECOME OBSOLETE4 ,I ?9K ?IS VIEW IS A GROSS OV]-SIMPLIFICATION4 ,BE=E ! ,FIR/ ,WORLD ,W>1 ! ,WEBBS PO9T$ \T ?AT 0! DECISIONS ( ! MO/ DEMOCRATICALLY ELECT$ EXECUTIVE COMMITTEES ) REG>D TO WAGES1 H\RS & CONDITIONS ( EMPLOYM5T ( P>TICUL> SECTIONS ( !IR FELL[ WORK]S4 DO NOT ALWAYS SATISFY ! LATT]1 OR EV5 SEEM TO !M TO BE JU/40 ,& ! ,JUGOSLAV S*OL>1 ,BRANKO ,PRIBICEVIC1 9 HIS HI/ORY ( ! %OP /EW>DS' MOVEM5T 9 ?IS C\NTRY1 EMPHASIZES ?IS PO9T 9 CRITICIZ+ ! RELIANCE ON ! IDEA ( CONTROL BY 9DU/RIAL UNIONS3 

0,CONTROL ( 9DU/RY IS L>GELY 9COMPATIBLE ) A UNION'S *>ACT] AS A VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION ( ! WORK]S1 =M$ PRIM>ILY TO PROTECT & REPRES5T !IR 9T]E/S4 ,EV5 9 ! MO/ DEMOCRATIC 9DU/RIAL SY/EM1 I4E4 A SY/EM 9 :I* ! WORK]S W\LD HAVE A %>E 9 CONTROL1 !RE W\LD /ILL BE A NE$ = UNIONS 444 ,N[ IF WE ASSUME ?AT MANAG]S W\LD BE RESPONSIBLE TO ! BODY ( WORK]S1 WE CANNOT EXCLUDE ! POSSIBILITY ( 9DIVIDUAL 9JU/ICES & MI/AKES4 ,SU* CASES MU/ BE TAK5 UP BY ! UNION 444 ,IT SEEMS MO/ IMPROBABLE ?AT A UNION C\LD FULFILL ANY ( !SE TASKS SUCCESSFULLY IF IT W]E ALSO ! ORGAN ( 9DU/RIAL ADM9I/RATION OR14 9 O!R WORDS1 IF IT HAD CEAS$ TO BE A VOLUNT>Y ASSOCIATION 444 

0,IT WAS UN=TUNATE ?AT ! IDEA ( WORK]S' CONTROL WAS ALMO/ COMPLETELY ID5TIFI$ ) ! CONCEPT ( UNION CONTROL 444,IT WAS OBVI\S ?R\<\T ?AT ! UNIONS W\LD OPPOSE ANY DOCTR9E AIM+ AT CREAT+ A REPRES5TATIVE /RUCTURE 9 9DU/RY P>ALLEL ) !IR [N40 

,9 FACT1 9 ! ONLY 9/ANCES 9 ?IS C\NTRY :I* WE KN[ (1 ( EI!R COMPLETE OR P>TIAL WORK]S' CONTROL1 ! TRADE UNION /RUCTURE IS COMPLETELY SEP>ATE FROM ! ADM9I/RATION1 & !RE HAS NEV] BE5 ANY SUGGE/ION ?AT IT %\LD BE O!RWISE4 ,:AT >E !SE EXAMPLES8 ,!RE >E ! COOP]ATIVE CO-P>TN]%IPS :I* MAKE1 = EXAMPLE1 SOME ( ! FOOTW>E :I* IS SOLD 9 RETAIL COOP]ATIVE SOCIETIES4 ,!SE >E1 SO F> AS !Y GO1 G5U9E EXAMPLES ( WORK]S' CONTROL 7NE$LESS TO SAY ,I AM NOT SPEAK+ ( ! FACTORIES RUN BY ! ,C,W,S ON COMPLETELY OR?ODOX L9ES71 BUT !Y DO NOT SEEM TO HAVE ANY CAPACITY = EXPANSION1 OR TO EX]CISE ANY 9FLU5CE ON 9DU/RY 9 G5]AL4 ,!N !RE >E ?OSE FIRMS :]E SOME =M ( CONTROL BY ! EMPLOYES HAS BE5 S\<T BY 5LI<T5$ OR IDEALI/IC EMPLOY]S4 7,I AM ?9K+ ( FIRMS LIKE ,SCOTT ,BAD] ,LTD41 & ,F>M] @& ,CO41 NOT ( ?OSE HEAVILY PAT]NALI/IC *OCOLATE MANUFACTUR]S OR ( SPURI\S CO-P>TN]%IPS74 ,!RE >E ALSO ODD SMALL WORK%OPS LIKE ! NEW 0FACTORY = PEACE0 7,R[AN ,5G9E]+ ,CO4 ,LTD7 :I* IS N[ 9 OP]ATION 9 ,GLASG[4 

,! ,LABOR CORRESPOND5T ( ,! ,TIMES REM>K$ ( V5TURES ( ?IS K9D ?AT1 :ILE !Y PROVIDE 0A MEANS ( H>MONI\S SELF-GOV]N-M5T 9 A SMALL CONC]N01!RE IS NO EVID5CE ?AT !Y PROVIDE 0ANY SOLUTION TO ! PROBLEM ( E/ABLI%+ DEMOCRACY 9 L>GE-SCALE MODEM 9DU/RY04 ,& A GREAT MANY PEOPLE %>E ?IS VIEW1 ?AT WORK]S' CONTROL IS A NICE IDEA1 BUT ONE 9CAPABLE ( REALIZATION 7& CONSEQU5TLY NOT WOR? AGITAT+ =7 BECAUSE ( ! SCALE & COMPLEXITY ( MODEM 9DU/RY4 ,ON ! FACE ( IT WE C\LD C\NT] !SE >GUM5TS BY PO9T+ \T H[ *ANGES 9 S\RCES ( MOTIVE P[] MAKE ! GEOGRAPHICAL CONC5TRATION ( 9DU/RY OBSOLETE1 & H[ *ANG+ ME?ODS ( PRODUCTION 7AUTOMATION = 9/ANCE7 MAKE ! CONC5TRATION ( VA/ NUMB]S ( PEOPLE OBSOLETE4 ,DEC5TRALIZATION IS P]FECTLY FEASIBLE1 & PROBABLY ECONOMICALLY ADVANTAGE\S )9 ! /RUCTURE ( 9DU/RY AS IT IS TODAY4 ,BUT PROBABLY ! >GUM5TS BAS$ ON ! COMPLEXITY ( MOD]N 9DU/RY ACTUALLY MEAN SOME?+ QUITE DIFF]5T4 

,:AT !Y REALLY MEAN IS ?AT :ILE !Y CAN IMAG9E ! ISOLAT$ CASE ( A SMALL FIRM 9 :I* ! %>ES >E HELD BY ! EMPLOYES1 BUT :I* IS RUN ON ORD9>Y BUS9ESS L9ES-LIKE ,SCOTT ,BAD] ,LTD41 OR :ILE !Y CAN IMAG9E ! ISOLAT$ CASE ( A FIRM 9 :I* A MANAGEM5T COMMITTEE IS ELECT$ BY ! WORK]S-LIKE ! COOP]ATIVE COP>TN]%IPS2 !Y CANNOT IMAG9E ?OSE :O MANIPULATE ! COMM&+ HEI<TS ( ! ECONOMY BE+ EI!R DI/URB$ BY1 OR LEA/ ( ALL1 9FLU5C$ BY1 !SE ADMIRABLE PREC$5TS4 ,& !Y >E RI<T ( C\RSE3 !RE IS NOT ON ! POLITICAL OR ON ! 9DU/RIAL HORIZON1 ! SLI<TE/ SIGN ( ANY WIDESPREAD DESIRE =1 OR CAPACITY =1 A REVOLUTION>Y *ANGE 9 ! /RUCTURE & CONTROL ( 9DU/RY4 

,! T9Y M9ORITY :O W\LD LIKE TO SEE REVOLUTION>Y *ANGES & PRESUMABLY ?IS MEANS US-%\LD NOT *]I% ANY ILLUSIONS AB\T ?IS4 ,NEI!R 9 ! POLITICAL P>TIES ( ! LEFT NOR 9 ! TRADE UNION MOVEM5T WILL !Y F9D ANY?+ MORE ?AN A SIMIL> T9Y M9ORITY 9 AGREEM5T4 ,NOR DOES ! HI/ORY ( SYNDICALI/ MOVEM5TS 9 ANY C\NTRY EXCEPT ,SPA9 GIVE !M ANY CAUSE = OPTIMISM4 ,GE(FREY ,O/]GA>D PUTS !IR DILEMMA 9 !SE T]MS3 0,TO BE EFFECTIVE AS DEF5SIVE ORGANIZATIONS1 ! UNIONS NE$$ TO4 EMBRACE AS MANY WORK]S AS POSSIBLE & ?IS 9EVITABLY L$ TO A DILUTION ( !IR REVOLUTION>Y OBJECTIVES4 ,9 PRACTICE1 ! SYNDICALI/S W]E FAC$ ) ! *OICE ( UNIONS :I* W]E EI!R RE=MI/ & PURELY DEF5SIVE OR REVOLUTION>Y & L>GELY 9EFFECTIVE40 

,IS !RE A WAY \T ( ?IS DILEMMA3 AN APPROA* :I* COMB9ES ! ORD9>Y DAY TO DAY /RUGGLE 9 9DU/RY ) A MORE RADICAL ATTEMPT TO %IFT ! BALANCE ( P[] 9 ! FACTORY8 ,I BELIEVE ?AT !RE IS1 9 :AT ! SYNDICALI/S & GUILD SOCIALI/S US$ TO DESCRIBE AS 05CROA*+ CONTROL0 BY MEANS ( ! 0COLLECTIVE CONTRACT04 ,! SYNDICALI/S SAW ?IS AS 0A SY/EM BY :I* ! WORK]S )9 A FACTORY OR %OP W\LD UND]TAKE A SPECIFIC AM\NT ( WORK 9 RETURN = A LUMP SUM TO BE ALLOCAT$ BY ! WORK-GR\P AS IT SAW FIT1 ON CONDITION ?AT ! EMPLOY]S ABDICAT$ !IR CONTROL ( ! PRODUCTIVE PROCESS ITSELF40 

,! LATE ,G4 ,D4 ,H4 ,COLE1 :O RETURN$ TO ! ADVOCACY ( ! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT SY/EM T[>DS ! 5D ( HIS LIFE1 CLAIM$ ?AT 0! EFFECT W\LD BE TO L9K ! MEMB]S ( ! WORK+ GR\P TOGE!R 9 A COMMON 5T]PRISE UND] !IR JO9T AUSPICES & CONTROL1 & TO EMANCIPATE !M FROM AN EXT]NALLY IMPOS$ DISCIPL9E 9 RESPECT ( !IR ME?OD ( GETT+ ! WORK DONE04 ,BUT HAS IT REALLY ANY RELEVANCE TO PRES5T DAY 9DU/RIAL CONDITIONS8 ,I BELIEVE ?AT IT HAS1 & MY EVID5CE = HIS BELIEF COMES FROM ! EXAMPLE ( ! GANG SY/EM WORK$ 9 SOME ,COV5TRY FACTORIES :I* HAS SOME ASPECTS 9 COMMON ) ! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT IDEA1 & ! 0,COMPOSITE WORK0 SY/EM WORK$ 9 SOME ,DURHAM COAL M9ES1 :I* HAS EV]Y?+ 9 COMMON ) IT4 

,! FIR/ ( !SE1 ! GANG SY/EM1 WAS DESCRIB$ BY AN ,AM]ICAN PR(ESSOR ( 9DU/RIAL & MANAGEM5T 5G9E]+1 ,SEYM\R ,MELMAN1 9 HIS BOOK ,DECISION-,MAK+ & ,PRODUCTIVITY1 :]E HE S\<T1 BY A DETAIL$ COMP>ISON ( ! MANUFACTURE ( A SIMIL> PRODUCT UND] DISSIMIL> CONDITIONS3 ! EXAMPLE HE F\ND WAS ! ,F]GUSON TRACTOR1 MADE UND] LIC5SE 9 BO? ,DETROIT & ,COV5TRY 0TO DEMON/RATE ?AT !RE >E REALI/IC ALT]NATIVES TO MANAG]IAL RULE OV] PRODUCTION04 ,HIS ACC\NT ( ! OP]ATION ( ! GANG SY/EM 9 ,COV5TRY WAS CONFIRM$ BY A ,COV5TRY 5G9E]+ WORK]1 ,REG ,WRI<T1 9 TWO >TICLES 9 ,A,N,>,*,Y 7,NOS4 #b & #h74 

,( ,/&>D'S TRACTOR FACTORY 7HE IS SPEAK+ ( ! P]IOD BE=E ,/&>D SOLD ! PLANT 9 #a#i#e#f1 & BE=E ,LEYL&S TOOK OV] ,/&>D71 ,MELMAN DECL>ES1 0,9 ?IS FIRM WE WILL %[ ?AT AT ! SAME TIME3 ?\S&S ( WORK]S OP]AT$ VIRTUALLY )\T SUP]VISION AS CONV5TIONALLY UND]/OOD1 & AT HI< PRODUCTIVITY2 ! HI<E/ WAGE 9 ,BRITI% 9DU/RY WAS PAID2 HI< QUALITY PRODUCTS W]E PRODUC$ AT ACCEPTABLE PRICES 9 EXT5SIVELY ME*ANIZ$ PLANTS2 ! MANAGEM5T CONDUCT$ ITS AFFAIRS AT UNUSUALLY L[ CO/S2 ALSO1 ORGANIZ$ WORK]S HAD A SUB/ANTIAL ROLE 9 PRODUCTION DECISION-MAK+04 ,! PRODUCTION POLICY ( ! FIRM AT ?AT TIME WAS MO/ UNOR?ODOX = ! MOTOR 9DU/RY & WAS ! RESULT ( TWO 9T]-RELAT$ DECISION-MAK+ SY/EMS1 ?OSE ( ! WORK]S & ( MANAGEM5T3 0,9 PRODUCTION ! MANAGEM5T HAS BE5 PREP>$ TO PAY A HI< WAGE & TO ORGANIZE PRODUCTION VIA ! GANG SY/EM :I* REQUIRES MANAGEM5T TO DEAL ) A GR\P$ WORK =CE1 RA!R ?AN ) S+LE WORK]S1 OR ) SMALL GR\PS 444 ! =EMAN >E CONC]N$ ) ! DETAIL$ SURVEILLANCE ( ?+S RA!R ?AN ) ! DETAIL$ CONTROL OV] PEOPLE 444 ,! OP]ATION ( 9TEGRAT$ PLANTS EMPLOY+ #a1 PRODUCTION WORK]S DID NOT REQUIRE ! ELABORATE & CO/LY HALLM>K ( BUS9ESS MANAGEM5T40 

,9 ! MOTOR-C> FACTORY FIFTE5 GANGS RANG$ 9 SIZE FROM #e TO #e PEOPLE & ! TRACTOR FACTORY WAS ORGANIZ$ AS ONE HUGE GANG4 ,FROM ! /&PO9T ( ! PRODUCTION WORK]S 0! GANG SY/EM LEADS TO KEEP+ TRACK ( GOODS 9/EAD ( KEEP+ TRACK ( PEOPLE04 ,= PAYM5T PURPOSES ! \TPUT ?AT WAS MEASUR$ WAS ! \TPUT ( ! :OLE GR\P4 ,9 RELATION TO MANAGEM5T1 ,MELMAN PO9TS \T1 0,! GR\P$ VOICE ( A WORK =CE HAD GREAT] IMPACT ?AN ! PRESSURE ( S+LE WORK]S4 ,?IS EFFECT ( ! GANG SY/EM C\PL$ ) TRADE UNIONISM1 IS WELL UND]/OOD AMONG MANY ,BRITI% MANAGEM5TS4 ,AS A RESULT1 MANY MANAGEM5TS HAVE ,OPPOS$ ! USE ( ! GANG SY/EM & HAVE >GU$ ! VALUE ( S+LE WORK] 9C5TIVE PAYM5TS40 

,HE CONTRA/S ! 0PR$ATORY COMPETITION0 :I* *>ACT]IZES ! MANAG]IAL DECISION-MAK+ SY/EM ) ! WORK]S' DECISION-MAK+ SY/EM 9 :I* 0,! MO/ *>ACT]I/IC FEATURE ( ! DECISION-=MULAT+ PROCESS IS ?AT ( MUTUALITY 9 DECISION-MAK+ ) F9AL AU?ORITY RESID+ 9 ! H&S ( ! GR\P$ WORK]S !MSELVES04 

,MY SECOND EXAMPLE IS AGA9 D]IV$ FROM A COMP>ATIVE /UDY ( DIFF]5T ME?ODS ( WORK ORGANIZATION1 ?IS ONE MADE BY ! ,TAVI/OCK ,9/ITUTE 9 ! LATE #a#i#eS & REPORT$ 9 TWO BOOKS PUBLI%$ LA/ YE>4 ,ITS IMPORTANCE CAN BE SE5 FROM ! OP5+ WORDS ( ONE ( !SE REPORTS 7,AUTONOM\S ,GR\P ,FUNCTION+ BY ,P4 ,G4 ,H]B/73 

0,?IS /UDY CONC]NS A GR\P ( M9]S :O CAME TOGE!R TO EVOLVE A NEW WAY ( WORK+ TOGE!R1 PLANN+ ! TYPE ( *ANGE !Y WANT$ TO PUT ?R\<1 & TE/+ IT 9 PRACTICE4 ,! NEW TYPE ( WORK ORGANIZATION :I* HAS COME TO BE KN[N 9 ! 9DU/RY AS COMPOSITE WORK+1 HAS 9 REC5T YE>S EM]G$ SPONTANE\SLY 9 A NUMB] ( DIFF]5T PITS 9 ! NOR?-WE/ ,DURHAM COALFIELD4 ,ITS ROOTS GO BACK TO AN E>LI] TRADITION :I* HAS BE5 ALMO/ COMPLETELY DISPLAC$ 9 ! C\RSE ( ! LA/ C5TURY BY ! 9TRODUCTION ( WORK TE*NIQUES BAS$ ON TASK SEGM5TATION4 DIFF]5TIAL /ATUS & PAYM5T1 & EXTR9SIC HI]>*ICAL CONTROL40 

,! O!R REPORT 7,ORGANIZATIONAL ,*OICE BY ,TRI/1 ,HIGG91 ,MURRAY & ,POLLACK71 NOTES H[ ! /UDY %[S 0! ABILITY ( QUITE L>GE PRIM>Y WORK GR\PS ( #d-#e MEMB]S TO ACT AS SELF-REGULAT+1 SELF-DEVELOP+ SOCIAL ORGANISMS ABLE TO MA9TA9 !MSELVES 9 A /EADY /ATE ( HI< PRODUCTIVITY 4440 ,! SY/EM ( COMPOSITE WORK+ IS DESCRIB$ BY ,H]B/ 9 A WAY :I* %[S ITS CLE> RELATION%IP TO ! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT SY/EM3 

0,! COMPOSITE WORK ORGANIZATION MAY BE DESCRIB$ AS ONE 9 :I* ! GR\P TAKES OV] COMPLETE RESPONSIBILITY = ! TOTAL CYCLE ( OP]ATIONS 9VOLV$ 9 M9+ ! COAL FACE4 ,NO MEMB] ( ! GR\P HAS A FIX$ WORK-ROLE4 ,9/EAD1 ! M5 DEPLOY !MSELVES1 DEP5D+ ON ! REQUIREM5TS ( ! ONGO+ GR\P TASK4 ,)9 ! LIMITS ( TE*NOLOGICAL & SAFETY REQUIREM5TS !Y >E FREE TO EVOLVE !IR [N WAY ( ORGANIZ+ & C>RY+ \T !IR TASK4 ,!Y >E NOT SUBJECT TO ANY EXT]NAL AU?ORITY 9 ?IS RESPECT1 NOR IS !RE )9 ! GR\P ITSELF ANY MEMB] :O TAKES OV] A =MAL DIRECTIVE LEAD]%IP FUNCTION4 ,:]EAS 9 CONV5TIONAL LONG-WALL WORK+ ! GOAL-GETT+ TASK IS SPLIT 9TO F\R TO EI<T SEP>ATE WORK ROLES1 C>RI$ \T BY DIFF]5T TEAMS1 EA* PAID AT A DIFF]5T RATE1 9 ! COMPOSITE GR\P MEMB]S >E NO LONG] PAID DIRECTLY = ANY ( ! TASKS C>RI$ \T4 ,! ALL-9 WAGE AGREEM5T IS1 9/EAD1 BAS$ ON ! NEGOTIAT$ PRICE P] TON ( COAL PRODUC$ BY ! TEAM4 ,! 9COME OBTA9$ IS DIVID$ EQUALLY AMONG TEAM MEMB]S40 

,BO? ! ,TAVI/OCK BOOKS & ,MELMAN'S BOOK >E HI<LY TE*NICAL /UDIES WRITT5 = SPECIALI/S1 BUT !IR LESSONS >E CLE> = PEOPLE :O >E 9T]E/$ 9 PROPAGAT+ ! IDEA ( WORK]S' CONTROL4 ,!SE EXP]IM5TS DO NOT 5TAIL SUBMISSION TO PAT]NALI/IC S*EMES ( MANAGEM5T@99 FACT !Y T5D TO DEMOLI% ! MY? ( MANAGEM5T & MANAG]IAL EXP]TIZE4 ,!Y >E A =CE = SOLID>ITY RA!R ?AN = DIVISIONS BETWE5 WORK]S ON ! BASIS ( PAY & /ATUS4 ,!Y HELP BR+ DECISION-MAK+ BACK TO ! FACTORY FLOOR & ! FACE TO FACE GR\P4 ,!Y 9CREASE ! PLEASURE & SELF-RESPECT ( WORK1 & !Y EV5 SATISFY--?\< ?IS IS NOT MY CRIT]ION = RECOMM5D+ !M--! CAPITALI/ TE/ ( PRODUCTIVITY4 ,! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT IDEA ALSO HAS ! GREAT M]IT ( COMB9+ LONG-T]M & %ORT-T]M AIMS4 ,& IF \R LONG-T]M AIM IS WORK]S' CONTROL ( 9DU/RY1 ! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT PROVIDES A REALI/IC />T+ PO9T4 ,WE CANNOT HOPE AT ?IS /AGE TO BUILD A MOVEM5T FROM NO?+4 ,BUT WE CAN HOPE TO 5L>GE ! ASPECTS ( WORK :I* WORK]S DO CONTROL4 

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,JANU>Y #a#d1 #bba 3 ,WORK]S' CONTROL & ! COLLECTIVE CONTRACT -- ,ADD$4 
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